IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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911125  III  1.4 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corpordtion 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WrPrTBa,\.Y.  14580 

mit)  872-4S03 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


A 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


D 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  dt6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  m&  leur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


D 


D 


Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe( 
Pages  dicolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Shcwthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  de  rimpression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


r^  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

r~^  Shcwthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu^  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

1 

1 
1 

y 

12X                             leX                             20X                              24X 

28X                            32X 

1 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of  : 

Harriet  Irving  Library 
University  of  New  Brunswick 


L'exemple*re  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArosit6  de: 

Harriet  Inring  Library 
University  of  New  Brunswick 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  §t6  reprodultes  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  Texemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  origlnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  scion  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  ielon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -^  signifia  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


IVIaps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seuk  clich6, 11  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I 

i 


IM'I'llh  STATI.S  en  AST   AND  ( i  l.i  H  >i;  Tl  ( '  SI   |{\  KY 


I»A(  M  hM(  '    i  '(  )AS^1\ 


(OAST  IMLOT 


(If 


(ALIFOilMA.  Olli:(l(l\.  AM)  WASIIIMiTO.V 


\^ 


K". 


A  >  -  I  ^  I  A  \  I    I',   s,   (  •  1  \  -^  I     \  N  |i   I,  I  <  >  i>  I   I  ii     >  r  i;  \  i;  V 


■I. 


|'<M  It  T  II    i:  i»i  r  lo  > 

I  I    N  1  11.1    1    ^      F,l      U  HI  I  IK\.  ) 


I  'n.-..  JSI.OO. 


\V  \  sill  Nt,  TON: 
<;iiv  i:i!  N  M  I.  \  I    1'  I'.  I  \  I  I  Ni;  III  lie  K. 

1  s  s:t 


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t 


oENcras  ON  THE  PAcrrrc  coast  tor  the  sale  or  the  charts,  tidbtablbb.  and 

COAST  pilots  or  THE  UNITED  STATES  COAST  AND  OEODETIC  SURVEY 


CALIFORNIA. 


San  Diego.      |m.Im;1;  a   HIKIIKCK,  rMrnrr  I'ifll,  ^u,\  I)  Mrrpte. 

Los  4nge/«s. ~-si,)\.i.  a  i  n  \u:\t.  t:  s„„ii,  s,.nnK  Htr.vt 
Santa  Barbara,    -ii   a  c   M.  ihmi. 

j  S   S   AUMILIM.  -smart  «lr.-.'t. 
San  Francisco.  ;  <  ii  \ui.ks  iv\rK,  ii-  H.itt.ry  «T«.t. 

I  nil.l.dN  A  CO  ,  :iiHC„|,f„ri,i.,  gtn,^,t, 

OREGON 

Astoria.      r.ini-KINA  KHKL,  ,„n».r  n.ir.l  :..h1(! >  irv..  Htr«.tH. 

Port/and.     .1    K    (ill. I.  a  en  ,  r:in,>.i  sir.w.  .  ..rm-r  ..f  0,ik. 


WASHINGTON 
Port  Tomns6id.     WA  I  i;i;man  a  KA  iv. 
Seatt/e.  ^ 

(  Ii    I' Wilis  A  (  (>,  Tirl  Kr..nt  mr-M. 
Tacoma.-y..  r   VAnillAN  A  C...  ,„rt,...  IVilV  uvon,.,.  m.,!  Kleveutb  .tiwt. 


I    t 


I 


Eiplanatory  note  m  rcKanl  lo  the  Charts,  TiJc  Tablr-.,  an.l   Notacs  to  Manner;.,  publishcil  by  the  U.  S.  Coast  anJ 

OeuiJclic  Survey. 

•  IlAI.'l.-^. 

Ah  «  ill   !><>  wiMI  tl.V  Ik  rrfi-n  III  !■  I"  llir  (  '.llalnnil.      tlli'xr  .111'  iliilir:lr.  il   u\  f..ii|   ,  l.inws: 

1.   Siiiliiij;  «  lmrl«.  Mil  il  r..  ;ili' 111  ,,  .  win.  Il  1  \liiliii  I  lii- .i|i|iiii.i.  Ii.  ^  In  .1  l.nur  iM.iit  nl  rii.iHl,  ({ivr  I  lir  iilVslmtn 

Hi.iiiiiliii^».  .mil  iinililr  I  li<<  ii.i\  l^||llll  In  iil.Minrv   \ii>  |.um|i..m  .1..  Iif  ;i|i|iiiiarlii'ii  Iririi   llif  ii|ii  11  -1  .1 

•-•    1.1  111  III  I'h.irK  111'  '  III'  ('ii:mi,  nil  '•■.ill  sill    ,  .   uiiil  ,     '    ,   ,  «liiili  '.hiiu  llii<  iiuilinniali I'  llii'  nlmri',  Ilir 

IM1M1I11M11..1  I-I.11..I-.  1.1.  1««.  aiiiUlmal..  III.-  Iiyhl  !i..ii'..'ii,  lif.-  niiviiiu  •.taliiiii'<.  anil  nlli.r  iialiiial  an. I  aililli  lal  laiiiliii.irkM, 
anil  ar.'  lulriiil.-.l  i'k|M.  iall\  t'.ir  iiklsIwim'  lias  i|;aliiiti. 

.1    »  .lunl  Cli.irlt.  nil  a  H.il.' "f  ,  .  Ii\   im'»ii'«  .il' «  Ik.  Il  111.'  ii.n  lyal.H   !■.  iiial.l..l  I.I  .ivail  lipiii'.ilt  111    tin    1  li.iiiiiils 

f..|  .iiliriiii;  111.'  lai«i'r  \':\y-  iiii.l   liaili.n^.  an.l  l.i  in  ..un  .-.'  tin'  Ih.i.  ..i,,,  1 » «.  .m.l   in;|,|  1ii.ii.„.m  I.\  ili.-n  .lisiinilni' 

traliiri'H  aiiii    iiimiliuiix 

I.  t'liailx  .if  liartinrn.  I.a>«,  anil  rivi'm,  mi  liir»;i'  M.ali'«.  111.  n.li.l  1.1  m. .  1  ili.-  n.  ..U  ..r  |...  nl  naMnati.iii 

An  r.'.|llirril    li>    law,   llu-  (li.irlD   aH'   mild,  .'IM  ln'arl>     l'.    jUlrll.  alilr.  .it    th.'   .  .i^I   ..t    lli.     pipri    an.l    |il  llltlll);.      Tliry 
ari'  I111N..I  ii|iiiii  aii'iirali'  Iritfiiimiii.'lnriil  mirvi'V.,    11  .1  .'\.  n  .11. m  is  mail"'  l.i  ki.  |i  lli.ni  .  ..ir.'i  ttil  «i  us  tn  liiiliiili'  all 

'"''"■'nal I.  r.  ;m'.|  II  |.  I..  III.'  I  111  I,    tli.'s  arr  i««m'.|  I  rum  I  Ins  ..tli.i'.      I'lrsons  iihin;;  llir  (  harts  .  an  a!«.iys  ulilaiii  llii< 

iiil'i.riiiali.iii  i..|iMi.il  I.. I  iiiaUiiiH  sul.s.'.|iiiiii  ailihtiunal  1  urri'i  li.iim  riniii  tlii' t'liitJ'.t  aiiil  (J.'.hIi'Iii'  .Surn')  .JdIhi'h  to 
Mai  III.  rs. 

/  inK  I  M'.i  i;s. 

111.'  |ii.'ilii  i.'.l  iiin.-s  ami  li.i^liis  .,1   lli.'  ti.l.'  al  tli.'  .  Ini'f  |i.iils  ..f  ili.'  I  nil.-.l   .<t.it.  s  aii'  ijiM'ti  in  lli.'s,.  Talili  s  l.,r 

-'Mr>  iln  ..r  till'  J  "HI,  w  illi  .1   III I  I  iiiislimis,  U\  iiii'aiisnr  «  linli  Ih.'  tim.'H.iiMl  In' ic  Ills  al  iiil.riiiiiliat.    |..irl«  m.u 

I..'  as..'r;.iiii.  .1  Uni'  s.  1  ..f  l.il.l.s  i.ir  llir  |...ris  ..|  il,..  .Mlaiilir  anil  liiilf  i'liu^ls,  ami  oiie  set  lur  lliosr  nl  tlir  Tai  iin' 
Cniwl.  ari' |iiililis|ii'il  aiitiiiallN       I'm  i  nl  1  a.  Ii  s.  t.  %' .  .  .iiIh 

Mil  iiKs   Id  .\;.\I!Im:i;.-'. 

Niili.iH  t.>  MariniTM,  hIiowiii);  rtiain!<"s   in   liulil     anil    Inmjs,  .hs.  u\.  rirs  nt"  rm-ks,  Hlmals,  an.l   nllii'i    ilanciTs  1.1 

iiaMuali.iii.  .  Ii.iils  (■..ti.iin I.  m'«  1  harts,  ami  <i|i.i,    |.iili|i.  ai  imis  issiii.l,  .iri'  issii.'.l   thh.  .in.l  ran   l..-  I.mml  .it 

Ih.'  .""ah'  .\«.ii.H's  ..I  ihc  SiirM'V  al  all  |irim  i|.al  r.irts,  .ii  1  h.  I'lislnin  llmisi's,  Ih.  Itran.  h  llMlr..;;ia|ihi.  1  Mil.  I's  nl 
tilt'  Na»  \  l».  |iailiii.iil,  an.l  .11  nllnr  usual  r.  muls  ••(  in.ii  in.rs  Ih.  sf  •■  \.  'mis"  »  ill  1..  ii'tnlail^  f.irwarili.l.  I'ln  ,<( 
.  hiii-ji .  1.1  ,ill  ii.rHiiMs  »  h.i  I'm  iiinh  tli.'U   naiiH's  .iml  p.  ml  nlli.  i-  .i.hln  ssr,  |..  ih,. 

•■.\ssistaiil  111  .  Ii.irj;!'  ..I'l  >l)i.  .•. 
"  I     S.  I  Hant  ami  (m.iiI.Ii.   .isnrs.  y, 

"  WasliiinjliMi,  !•   ('." 

'•  N.itii.  k"  «iII   lint    Im'  s.iii    III   am   ...lilt,  ss  |..|    a   l..ii;;ir  |.rr!.iil   than  niii'  .war.  iinlisj.  lli.'  a|i|iluatiiin  Inr  Haiiii'  w 
r.ii.  »i'.|       r |i|  ir.iiii .-  ..r  .  haiiu'i  "I  .I'l'lirsw's  sh.  Ill  I.I  h.   >;in  .  n. 

I-  \  I  .Mm,  I   \:^, 

('..liirs  '  r  tliK  Ciiu.!   ami  liiiMlilii'  Siirn'S  "( '.ital.iyin'  nf  tli.irls  .iii.l   nth.r   PiiMi.  aliniis"  ran  al-.i  lir  nlit.iiii.il, 
Jrr,  „t  , /.,!,.;.   .. II  ,i|.|.|ii.itini.  .11  Ih.'  S.il.'  A^.'ii.  i.s  ..I  In  a.lili.wiiiK  lln'  "A'Miislaiit  in  i  liuriju  of  (Jllict;." 
i;.  ."s    (  .i\-.|    AMI   (iK.iliMll-   M   m  I  \    <  Il  KI.   I 

((.l./i./n/'nil,    Il    C.    ]—f.> 


T 


f 


T 


I.NTIMMM  CTKiN 


Tllf  tiisl  cihllnii  ..|  iIh-  |)||iTti.r\  III  lli..  I ',11  Hie  (•.M>(  III  llir  liiitnl  Sl.itrs  \v;is  i|||(|citilkcli 
"lillf  I  li;nl  riuiiiii.iii'l   III    Ilir  I   iiiIkI   Si.iliH  ( 'ii.i.il    Sm  M>   Iti  1;;  /i'.  //.  /'«/"«//( /oi/ (liniiiu-  I  ln'  \  i-arH 

|.S.'»J    VlS.        Il    u.is   Wlllli  II    Ullllll>     illlt>ll|c    III    iillin;il     lii.ills    mihI    I'Hirl.ll    ilill'r-.,   ;\i\,\    |i;llt    iif    jt     \\;is 
tii-t   |>iili||-lni|  111  iiiir  iiT  the  il.iil\    I'limi.iN  III    S.iii   I  i,iiiii«i-ii. 

M\  lailii'i    limits  III!    iliiN  tiiii.si    III    ilii-  ill  In  Mini. iin t    ;.'iiim  ,i|i|iii-,(l   iiusitinns  at    iniiiiarv 

.sl.llnl.ilil  >l:ll|iilis.  Ill  till-  sfr. Hill, ir>  >t,il  lllll^  nl  I  lir  <  li  ii-raii|iir,il   K'l  riilili,iis>,inrr  nl' Iin-  ( 'nasi   riiilli 

IMrMiii   1. 1    r.iiii>li    ('i.liiiiiliM.  js.o  'M,   .iiiil   III   ex, III!  inn-    >iir.s   Im-   li^lii  ||iiiim'>,   |i,ii|    > wUaI 

(iiiiuli. Ill/I'll  iiii-willi   iIh-  t;<iiiMal  liaiiiir^  nl  ih-.iiIn  imi\  muIi- nl  Hir  .sea  liii.inl.      Tlic  aiciiimilii- 
tliiti  111  iili^cival  lulls  nil  till-  I  llllrlits.  \Mliils,  lu^^,  ilaimn.s,  l,iliillli.ll  U-.  tir..  uai  nnl  mi-  lli,il    I  run  lit 

lii't  lin>l  Iliiin  III   niiiiN  m    In  .|i-nlliii\   iinlrs.      •lliri.Mini'    I  lill    n     .    ,\u\s   tli.il   lliis  kimu  li'ijur 

s.iuillil  lir  imt  III  |iiii|>ri   -liaiii'  ami  iiilialril  with  t|ii>  inriiitiial  i.in  .iml  i\|hi  nm  i'  nl   ullni^.  Im   llir 
liclicru  111'   I  ill-  ia|ili|l>    t;ili«  III;,'  riitillllrlrr  iif   IJii'   1 'arllir  ih.inI  . 

Wlii'ii  I  li.iii  u  1 11!  I'll  lill'  inaitii  III'  iJii'  iii-i  I  iliiiiiii  i.|  I  III.  I  iiiii  i,,i  \ ,  III  ( •,,,,. si  I'lliii.  .iiiil  i.lliii'il 
it  III  Sli|ifiliilt'liilflil  ll,irlir,  III-  al  lilsl  lir>ll.ilri|  .ilimil  ini'iMii-  il  In  imiim"  lir  li,iii  klmu  ii  iiiiljnii:,' 
III  it  iilliri,ill\,  Imt  liiiallN  arcrptnl  It  ii|iiiii  iii\  assiiiniii;;  I  lie  ic.s|Minsilii  lit\  ii|  I  In- ariiliars  ol  llir 
Will  k. 

It  ii'ifiM'il  siiili  |ii.iiiii  ,i|  iiiiliii-iiiiiiit  riDin  till'  tia\  iyatnrs  "I  tin'  IVinlir  Cnast  tli,it  a  .sithiiiI 
ciliiiiiii  \\,n  I  MJliil  111!    Ill  iM.;"  Ii\  Sii|niini.'iuliiit  r.arlir.  ami  a  lliiiil   I'lliiiuii  in  Isti'.tlin  .Sii|iiiin 

ti-mli'lil    I'l'llrc. 

In  thr-i-  I  ihtiiMis.  Mil  II  ill. I, Ills  .iiiil  III  w  iii.itriial  as  li.nl  Imiii  -atlini'il,  ami  sinli  cxiiciiciicc  as 
I   h.nl  ari|nin  il,  \m|i'    nlilnl  In  I  In-  |i|r\ -  iijil  imi  \ni  ||  as  III  t  jr  i  li.iii^i-  li\    irw  ntlll;;  as  |i|  ,ii'l  UMJilr. 

Ill  Is.sit,  .Sii|Miiiiii  nili'iil  r,ilti'isiin  .iskfil  nil'  Im  a  rniiilli  t'lliliuii.  ,iiii|  I  iinilirtiink  tin-  woik  in 
ailililiiiii   tit  in.\   ii'-nl.ii  ilntits.      IIhwi'mt,  I    simhi    Ii.iukI    tli,ii    llir   irsiilts  nl    \\iv   s\s!i'inatir  ami 

I'Mi'Mili'il  Mii\i-\s  nl    iii\   ii'lliiu   «i,ikii>   nil    l.iiiil    ,iml    at    si'.i,  iIji-  , iiiniiiul.it I    ,i  iniill  itmic  nl' 

ili'l.ills  wliiiv  only  ;,'t'm  r,il  rliaiarlciisUrs  hail  liilnii'  1 ii  ,i\  aikililr,  tin-  ;;li'all\  iimii',isi'i1  iiliirnt 

till-  ,iiiN  III  iia\iu;itinii,  till'  i!.'Mln|iimii.  ,ii  ||ii'  iLila  Inr  ini'ilui  m;;  tin.  ndrs  m  vwts  lia.v  ami  li.ir- 

lini,  till-  niaii\   valn.ilili'  l.nts  linin    liii'il.uls   lili- i,|    i  h,.    Ilinimi-li  aiiil    |.r;iitii'al    n.iM-atnrs  i r 

■  nasi,  ihi'   iiiiiiii'iniis  Mi'w,  III    lic.nllamls,  | is,  i'>laiii|s,   nnk-,  aiiil    l.imll.ilU.  tin"  -|ii'ii.il  cxaiii 

inaliniis  III    iin|Miiiaiil  i|aii-ii>  .iml   .l.iii;;iinii-,  liwalit  n  s,  ami  iii\   I'liiilni   nlisn  \  almns,  i'\|m.mi'ih'i', 
ami  Nluil.s   tliinnuli  lli.'  inu'ni'niii-  M'.h-,  imilil  nui  l.i'  -.iiii|.|\   mi,  i  |i,.|aii  i|  m  iIh'  I.i>i  iijitinii. 

I  had  an  iini'\|M'rlri|  task  lii'lm.'  mi-;  ih'Mi  tht'li'ss,  I  Imm'  iiii  iiii\  itu  i  ii  i.n  i  Ins  imii  i  h  I'llilmn. 
whii  II  has  ;;ni\Mi  In  ihr n   imii   liim.s  tin-  si/,-  nl'  thi'  tliinl. 

I  havi' 1  iiili'aMiri'il    in  ;;im'  .sniin-  nil lalinii   .ilmnl    tin'  si'asniis,  lu-s,  wimls,  ami  rnni'iits  nf 

till-  rnast   lllinii;;||  tjir  |)ii,|i,    ,,|    |||,.  «,,|k,  lull   Imni'    pai  I  li  iiI.uIn    Inl    tlir  \  II  iiiil\    III    ihi'  (illll    III'  Ihr 

KaralliMii's.      \'rrs  iinn  h  r(>iiiaiii>  In  lir  ijnm-  in  tins  maiti'i. 
j  W  hi'ii  till-  xasi  lal>>niilli  nl  tin-  inti-i  im  uahi  -  nT  W  .islim-tnii  is  alnr  u  illi  tr.illic.  iiinili  IiiIIit 

tir.sci  i|iliniis  will  lii>  iii'i-ih'il  1(11  tiiat  ii'j;inii. 
I  Till'   vii'ws   uhiih    havi'    Iiitii    iiitiii(liii'i'il    inin    tins   rilitlmi    havr    Ihtii    ili.iwn    rinin    nii-mal 

ski'li'lii'-.     .Mioiil  il  .l()/i'i»  an.  IVniii  oii-jnals  m.i.j,-  ni  Is.-.l   Vi.t.     In    isc;.  |    |i,.;;,,,i  iiiakiiij;  vi.-ws 


•  llic^  .iliiuiii  wan  ii'|ir.iilcil  licKhly,  Hillii.iii  iiiii|.,T  iri-ilit,  m  lln>  "S.iihiit:  I'n. .  li..iis I,.   W,,,  i  ,,:,„i  ,.r  Nmili 

Aiiiiii.a.  tMl«i..ii  l':iii.iiii.i  mill  (^ii'iii  Cliarlnili'   MamN,  liy  .I.nim  I'    Iiiiia,\.  1'.  U    (i    s.,  ,.,,,i„l  nhiinii      I Im, : 

.lining  liiiias  A.  S.iii,  Miiiiilii'it  uml  Tiiwi'i  llill.      l"i,-   • 


f 


X  IMCHl'l  II  l"N. 

«if  the  iMMillaiiiN  ami  l.ithlt.ilU  « lii-ii  Ir  ivrliii^:  .iImm«  tint  coa^'t  aii<)  lliMt  of  Aliskt  tii  i  iovcnmuiil 

.lliil    [i.loMll-iT  \t>-il-.  .Mill    li.lM'   rnlilnincil    llli-    |i|,H  Ilrr  to  ilali  ,  lli.iklli);    l  IfW   -JM'.  l.ll  lll|i-  III 

wlilfli  |iliiilii-l:i|'li>.  "' h'  .iNii  t.tki'li.      ill   llii-  !,l.-.I    li'iii  III   li\r   m.iis    I    li.iv  c  In-fli  jimhInIi.!   1.\   Mi. 

rfnliii.iinl  \V  i'«til.ilil,   who  lias  mikIi-  nllitT  view-  wlnii   liaxiliiii:    iiul   whet -inMial  <liil\    on 

ll;;llt  ln>ll»i«   .sic.iliii  i  >.      Mr.    Wfstil.ilil   ainl    I    ililrltcl    ii|ii>ii    till'   l.tllh  lloti   nl    IIiinc   s|,it<  lifx.   Init 
iiiiilc  r  till'  iiirsMM'' .  !  till'  |i|>|MntIioii  oi'  III.'  ("oa^l  I'lliil  .iml  oi  nii  n  nt  iliincs  ih.   «.iil,  imo^h'm.sciI 


llir  vnIioIc  .xia  tioaiil,  liotli   li<i' 
of  \  icus  lor  llif  iiiaiiiiri 


1  >t'i  if.>> 


Till'  Work  «lilrll  1  lull' lilcstlrl  li.i.>  lirrll  ilolii' iitiiii'l' till'  lii'ax  \  |Hi'N,'<iIH' ol  liailv  Mllii  i,il  luiiliiir 
anil  aliMii'liiii;.'  iliitir>.  .iimI  lin-it'loi'i'  i!  Ii,i'<  lii'i'ii  a  lon^  liliic  iii  ImihI.  I  liavi' olriM'ii  to  im ni'iioiali- 
all  iiii|M<i-taiit  iiiatlir  kiioun  lo  mi'  .11  <laii',  ami  I  carncKllv  liiist  that  tlir  navi;:aloi  will  liml  n,i 
rsNi'iitial  rriiii  in  the  \ri>  larj;r  iiiui'Im  I  ol'  iU'm'I i|<Iton.s  aiiil  .''tatfinriii-*. 

•  ii.i'lJiiK    hwil'S.iN. 


A»iii»linit  r.  S.  Coii.il  11/11/  I II mil  til   .^iirvcif. 


1 

f 


niKI'ACK 


liclnrc  (he  ,ir<|iiisili.iii  (if  ('.ihrnriii.t   li.v  llu'   I'liilrl   SlatcN,  r((iii|i,iriitiv  i'l\  lilllr  \v:ih  Kimw  n  of 
llir  li>tliii4r.i|ili>  ami  mMi;:r,iiiliv  of  iis  i'iia-<l,  rxii'pl   l>\  tin-  lr«  iia\  i;,mIi>i  s  nailing  alipii;^  ii>  mm 
liiiaiil,  III'  (III-  ilariii),'  iiltrt'  liiiiiti'i ,  lam  i  liar  \(  ith  i'mm  >  ri>\i',  imk,  a  in  I  liiMillainl. 

Ill  I  III'  III!  low  MIL'  |ia;,'i-!«  It  i-<  |irii|iiisc(|  In  ^tatr  «  hat  i^  kmnvii  all  lir  |iiiv-.i'iil  litiii'  nl'  llir  I'acillc 
riia-t  III  I  III'  I  iiilfil  Slalfi.  tiiiiii  lilt-  siiiil  lit'i'ii  iMiiiiiijaiv  <ii  < '  ililm  ma,  in  lalilinli  .1:^  iJ  ,  In  iht- 
iiiiillicni  liiiiiiiilar.v  nl  W  a>liiM;:liiii  'I'ri  ritmv .  in  laiiiiiiji'  IM  ,  rmluariii;:  an  n.'ian  >iiiiir  lim- of 
ii\  I'l  tliii'i-  I  iMiisaiiil  iiiif  lin  III  1 1  I'll  ,1111 1  I  \M'iit  \  mill's.  i|i\  iiji'il  ai  I'nlliiws  :  <  'alil'iir;!!  i,  iin  Imliii:,'  i  lie 
islainls  111  Santa  liarliaia  <  lianini,  mn'  llnni'^anil  ami  iiini'l.v  scxi'ii  iniii'.s;  Oif^imi  (wn  liiimlii'il 
ami  (■i;;lil\  In  r  iiiili"^ ;  \N  asliinuli'M  I  ri  i  iliii\ ,  iinhiijiii;;  islamis  in  W  a>liin;,'ti'  -  iiml  ami  >lni|i'.s 
1)1    I'li^'i'l  Soiinil,  iim- llnniiainl  .-m'M'ii  liiimlri'il  ami  lliiti\  ri;:lit  iiiilr>. 

Wlialt'MT  has  Mill  riiini'  iimliT  (iin  ow  n  ii  iiniMn  will  liclakiii  I'lum  I  In-  |iiili|i>li,'(l  ii'|iiirl.s  ami 
!i!a|is  III  ihi-  I'.  S.  ( 'nasi  ami  <  icmli'lii'  .Sni\ry. 

riic  liaiiirs  ailii|itfi|  will  lie  lliiisf  iiiiisl  irlialili",  nl   iii  il>i'  at  llii'  iili'scn'     .iiu-. 

NViicIr  .lll>    kl|n«  n  rliani,'i>  lia\i'  lakill   |ilaii-  tllr\    will  In*  .-.t  itrij. 

Till'  |nlit;llllilr  IS  Ifiknli'  !  .*  ■  si  1 1  nlil  ( i  Ici'li  Wli  ll,  ainl  !•'  Iiasi  il  il|inn  as|  rnlinliiii  al  nliscn  aliiMIs 
ami  lili'^iaiiliii'  litlt  rminalinns.  'riic  I'.  S  (  ni>t  .iinl  tiiniliin-  Sihm'v  aslinaniniral  -lulinnal 
I.ala.M  lit'  I'aik,  Sa.    I''raii('isi'(i,  is  M'  ((<•"  r_'.."i'  wi'st  Irnm  <  iniiiw  n  li. 

Wliiif  an>  ^i'n;;ra|iliii'al  imsitinn  is  jjncn  In  Ihc  maii'sl  ininnli'  niilv.  it  lias  Ihtii  lalnii  Iniin 
llic  lali'si  I'liart  nf  ihc  t'nasl  anil  (irnilt'lir  Siiivcv. 

■/I'/'N  liai-li  vi'ar  Ilic  Siiivi'N  |iiililisln"s  a  small  |iaiiiii|ili'l  wliicli  nivt>  llir  liims  ani|liii;,'lits 
of  t-MTV  liiyli  anil  liiw  waliT  Inr  llu-  |imii'i|ial  |inits  nn  tin'   I'acilii-  cnasl,  w  iih  cnii-i.inis  in- iji- 

t«MiimiiiiK  similar  i|iiaiililii'H  (nr  iiitrr ilialt-  imrls.      lint  in  llu-  aliscncf  nl'  Ihis  |Mili|iralinn,  tallies 

ami  r\aiiiiili-s  ari>  intrniliiri'il  in  slmw   I  In-  maniii'i  nl    |iii'ilii  lin;,'  tin'  liim  s  ami  Iii'i;:lii5  nf  iii;,'li  ami 
low  waltisal  San  h'tamisin  ami  nllirr  liailmis. 

iSiiuniliihiH  ni\-  ;,'iMn  Ini  till'  inran  nl  llir  Inwci  Inw  w.ili'is.  Till'  Inursi  ii(i(>  in.iv  tall  mil'  ami 
a  i|uarlt'i  Irrt  lii'Inw  lliis  |ilam'. 

/'(,>/<l;«r.ii  air  i'\|iri'ssii|   III  U''"';.'l';'|'l'i<'al     naillirali  inilrs. 

/)'r((n((.7Ji  iii'f  iiiii,;in'lir.  Tlii"  i-aslci  Iv  \ariitpin  nl  lin'  inin|iass  has  niarlv  narlii'il  tlic  inaxi- 
inilln  tliiiiil;rlinill   tin    I  "arltii'  rnasl.      Tills  ina\ ilii  will  |i|nlialil\    lie  riailnil  in   Is!*.".. 

lh.\ritiilit>n.\  of  h'lhl  hnusi^.  I'liii  m"<//(,i/,s.  /.ic.i/s,  ami  nllii'i  aiiN  In  n  i\  .L,'alinli  arc  taki'li  Imin  tiu> 
pllliiisiit'il  iinlni's  nl   III.'  l.ix'lil  ilniisr  Knaiii,  ami  Imni  |irisnnal  i  \aiiiiiiatinii. 

•' iil.irinilv   with  snimn    ItiTs  ,ii   ihr  in-MM'il   Stalnli'snl    llir  rnil.-.i    Siatis,  tin'   rnllnwin;,' 

nnli'i  Is  nlisiMM'il  111  inlnnii;;  ami  iiiiinliii  III;;  liir  liun\s  aloii;,'  tin- cnasl,  or  in  i>a\s,  liariinrs,  snnmi.^, 
or  clialimls,  \  u  : 

I.  In  apiiroacliiii;.'  liic  clianiicl,  cN'..  IVnin  scawani,  KKI>  lit  ovs,  with  i;\r.N  M'Miir.Us.  will  tie 

foiiml  on  till'  siAUliiiMni  snlc  nf  llic  chai I,  ami  innst    lie  Idt   nn  Ihc  .s  i  AKimAUK  liaml  in  pass 

III;:  lit. 

'J.  In  a|i|irnai'hinL:  Ihc  clianiicI,  clc,  rmm  scaw.iril.  lil.M'K  m  nvs.  willi  iiiii>  NlMltl'.lis,  \'.,ll 
lie  rniiml  on  tin-  I'liui   snlc  nl   Ihc  channel,  ami  imisi  lie  Idl   nn  the  !'■  n;  i   hainl  in  passiii;;  in. 

.;     Itln\,-:  paillleil   Wllh    KKDailil     1II.\(K     III  iKI/.li.M  AI.    S 1  l!l  l'i;s  w  ill     lie    rmiml     nil    i  UIs  I  UrC- 

iiuNS,  With  channel  wa\s  nn  ciiher  snlc  nl   ihcni.  ami  may  lie  lell  mi  ciihcr  liainl  in  iiassiii;;  in. 

■J.  I!i  ov.s  paiiitcti  with  wiiiii;  ami  iii.AiK  I'Kui'KMiK'i  i.AU  STKil'i:.--  \vill  lie  roiiml  in  Min- 
OUAWNEL,  ami  must  lie  pa-sseil  eln.ve  In  In  avniil  ilailjjer. 

u 


I! 


10 


rRKrAOK. 


All  otluT  .listiiifinishiiii:  marks  to  biunswill  Uo  in  aililition  to  tlio  fori>;:oiiij:,  aiitl  iiiuv  lu> 
eniplovtvl  to  mark  pa-ticiilar  sjiols.  n  i1fM-rii)tiim  o/  irhich  inll  h<-  iiinn  in  tli'  yrintcd  list  of  hHoi/ii. 

rcrclu's,  witli  balls,  caircs.  I'tc,  will,  wlicii  placcil  on  lniovs.  In'  it  tiirnm;:  points,  tln«  color 
and  niiinhcr  imlK'atini;  on  what  sido  tlii'V  shall  h.   i)ass("(l. 

Diffori'iit  chaniii'ls  m  the  saiiii'  liav.  soiuid.  river,  or  harbor.  nmII  Im'  Miarkctl.  aw  far  as  priwti- 
rahic,  liy  diflVrtnt  (Icscnplions  ol  buoys.  l'rini'i|>al  cha  inU  will  l>i>  m.irkrd  by  luinbnoys; 
si'condarv  ihanni'ls.  1>.\  can  tmoys  :  and  nnnor  ilianncls.  by  spar  biio.\ -.  Whiii  there  is  but  oin' 
chaiitiel,  nmibiioys.  ]iroiier!>  culured  and  lumibered.  are  nsii,il!>  plaei-d  nn  ilie  -^l.tr  lio;iril  side,  and 
caiibiioys  on  the  port  side  of  it. 

Day  1h';u(iii>,  stakes.  an>l  spindles  (exeepi  such  as  are  on  the  sides  ol' ehanneN,  «lueh  will 
bo  eoloivd  like  buoys)  are  eonstructed  and  distincuished  with  -iieeial  ret.'ieiiie  t<i  eaeh  li>ealii\ . 
and  i>artieiilarly  in  re:;aril  to  the  baekjrround  iip<ui  whieh  they  are  pmieeted. 

'A'herever  pi.u'tieable.  the  lowers,  beacons,  buoys,  spindles,  ami  .ill  other  .lids  t"  iiavi;,'atioii 
are  arraiifrid  in  the  li.-U  in  rey:ular  oriler  n.v  thrii  nr'  ikiskciI  In/  nsxih  rnh  rin<i  'imn  sra. 

1!\  the  l.iws  oi  Calilornia,  Ore^nn,  unil  \\'.isliiii;.'ton.  it  is  iii.i>Ie  a  iiiiNdeineaii'ir,  piinisli:ible  by 
line  er  iinprisoiiiiieiit,  to  iiiiMii  :'.  ve-isel,  Ixial.  or  r.ifl  to  any  liiiov.  Ipe.ic.in.  i>te.,  or  to  daiiia;;t',  re- 
move, oi  destroy  any  aid  tn  ll.l\  l:,Mtl011. 

(ll.cKi.l     l>A\niS(iN. 

r.  S,  (iiiist  mill  (icii({(tic  Siirrt)/. 
San  I'liANCistd.  (Ai...  !>>;>. 


t 


I 


K  IMJ  A  T  A  . 

Siilistitiito  oil  pafTf  ^'  tlio  fiillowiii;;,  (IniM'tl  iioiii  llif  huo^t  data  availaMo  : 

7'ii/f  N.  AiKihiiiii  IiukIiiiii. — Till' liiiirs  aiiil   lii'i;:lits  dl"  till' tiili's  lor  Sail    l>ii';,'i).  laUcii  rioin  the 

Tiili'  'J'aMi^  tor  thr  I'aiilK-  ( 'oast.  |iiiMi'-lii  .1  c  ii  h  \  i-.ii    li\   tlio  ( 'oa^t  ami  ( i Ictic  Survey,  answer 

exactly  lor  Alialieiiii  l.aiiilm:,'  if  tlie  San  llie;:o  lM'i:,;lits  ol  liii,'li  and  low  water  he  all  iliiiiiiiislied 
\t\   tlil'ec  telltlis  ol  a  foot. 

Siilist  iliile  on  |'a;:e  !■»  llie  lollowiii-,  d'lued  iVoiii  I  lie  lati'st  data  asadalile: 
Tiiitsiit  .Sinil.i   l/ii//i(,r,_|  he  ( 'orieeted    Ivstaldisliineiit.  or  mean   interval  lietweeii  the  time  of 
tlie  moon's  transit  and  the  time  ol    I114I1  w  aler,  i>  I  \'  .17'  .      The  mean  ri-^e  and  I'alh  ol'  the  titles  is 
lour  and  1  lilee  liiil  li>  li'et  ;    ol  --111  in;:  Ildi-  (|\  e    and    >e\eii  tenths    I'eet  ;    and   ot   nea|>!  ides  t  w  o  aiul 

nine  lentil^  (eel.  The  mean  dm  at  ion  ol  the  ilooij  js  li' ■jn  .  and  of  llie  elili  li'  (i.i  .  and  ol'  the  .stand 
ti'.l!'  ,  riie  a\  I'laue  dilVerenee  of  the  h  iulier  liii;li  and  lower  low  waleis  of  the  same  <la\  was  six 
and  loiii   li  iitliv  leit,  ,ind  ihe  ^leatest   nine  leet. 

To  lind  the  times  and  hei;,dils  ol  lii;:li  ami  low  waters,  appls  tin'  lollowiii;:  eoneeiions  to  the 
times  ,iiid  heiLrhts  lot  San  l>ie;:o  inilili^hed  eaeli  \4'al  li\  lln'  Coast  and  ( leodelie  Snr\  e\ .  for 
times  of  !iiL;h  water,  sii'iti.iei  veveii  minutes;  I'm  low  u  .iter,  siijii  i.iet  tuoiiiinntes.  I'oi  hi'i^hi 
ol  hiL;li  w  Iter,  add  four  tenths  ol  a  fnoi  ;  for  liei;;ht  of  low  w  alei ,  take  I  he  San  1  >iej;o  hei^;lil  nil- 
ehailL'eil. 

Sn  list  1 1  lite  on  pa^e  ."i_'  i  In-  till  low  mil:,  deiiv  ed  from  I  lie  latest  1 1,1  I.I  ,i\  ailalile  : 
Tiilt\.~.\\  I'oint  lliiemnie  the  a\eia'_'e  lime  of  liii:li  w.iter  .ifler  the  moon's  meridian  passa;;e 
i.s  '.•'.■)•_'';   the  avi'ia^'e  1  i.-e  lit    the  tides  alio\e   the   me. in   of  the   lower    low   waters   of  eaeh  da\  is 
tiiree  ,iiid  se\  en  teiil lis  I'eet  ;   Ihe  ;:reatest  lilli;;e  oliserved  ill  one  day,  fr(<iii  .lime  to  I)eeerilhoi',  'Vil.s 
ei;:hl  and  mie  half  feet. 

Sn  1 1st  1 1  llie  on  p  i„'e  (il  I  111'  follow  in  u,  dfi  imiI  liom  llir  latest  dal,i  ,i\'ailalile  : 
I'iilis  III  \iiitii  Itiiihiuti. —  The  ,i\ei,i;;i'  time  of  lii;:li  wate!'  .itti'r  the  moon's  meridian  |>assa;;e 
IS  l\''  .')7  ,  and  the  rj^e  of  tides  al>o\e  the  aveia;;i'  lower  low  water  ol  e.iel,  day  is  three  and 
.si\  tenths  lii-t.  To  nnd  the  times  and  liei;,dits  of  the  lii;:li  ,iiid  low  w  aleis  ol  Caeh  da.\ ,  llr-.t  olilain 
lioin  the  l,ildes  of  piedieiion  I  hi'  times  and  hei;;hls  for  .San  IMe^o,aiid  then  siiliiiael  se\  en  minutes 
tor  tin'  tiiiM'  of  hii;h  water  and  four  tenths  of  a  foot  Cor  its   hei;;lil  ;  for  low  water,  suhtiaet   four 

lliinnles  ,ilid  one  ti'Il!  h  ot'  ,1  toot . 

Sill  i.sl  it  lite  on  p,li,'e  1 1 1  the  tollow  111;,',  del  l\  1  d    Irom  the  latest  dat.i  a  \  ailatile  ; 

'IkIis  lit  (iiivintn  l.iindnuj. —  I'lii'  Corieeied  l!st,ilili-.|iment,  or  a\er.i;^e  time  ol'  IiiltIi  waterafter 
the  moon's  meridian  passai^i',  is  |\'  .■11".  and  the  a\  ei,i^e  rise  of  the  tide  alio\e  the  mean  lower 
loiv  waters  ol   eiieli  ilay  is  thiei'  ,iiid  si\  tenths  l:'et. 

To  find  the  tunes  and  In  i;;lits  of  eaeli  hiuh  and  low  water  throiiylioiil  the  vear,  lake  the  tiiiie.s 
and  heijilits  lor  the  j;i\eii  tides  for  San  Hieiro  from  the  annual  tide  tables  of  the  Coast  Survey,  and 
for  the  lime  ot  Iii);li  w  ater  siih'taet  t<  n  mi  nil  I  is,  and  I'm  the  liel;,dit  .siilitraet  three  tenths  of  a  fool  ; 
(or  tow  water  siihtraet  tlirei'  nimnies,  Unt  i..lve  the  .s.m  ihe^o  liei;4lit  iineliaii!,'ed. 

Siilislilnle  01;  p  i-e  7ii  the  follow  ill  y,  derived  lldlii  the  I. it  est  dat.i  availalde  : 
Tiiltx. — Corral  Ilarhoi:  T!ie  aver, i;;e  time  ol  liii;li  water  after  the  moon's  melidi. ill  passa;:e  is 
I  N''  'JO",  and  the  av  ei,i;:e  1  isc  nl  t  hi  t  iile  aliov  e  the  llie  III  ol  I  he  low  el  low  w  .Iters  of  e.ieli  ila.v  |s  three 
lllld  se\eli  tenths  leet.  To  ol-l.iin  Ihe  limes  ami  hei;;hls  ol  the  lil:;li  ,llid  low  waters,  |iis|  |,ike 
from  the  Tide  Tahle-i  for  ihe  I'aeitie  Co, is|  the  times  and  hei^jhts  for  S,iii  l>ie;,'o;  and  llieii  to  j;et 
the  time  of  hi;;h  w  .III  1  here,  .viilitr, let  tweiiiv  four  minutes,  aiul  to  (,'et  Ihe  time  of  low  watei  siih- 
traet lifleeii  niuii:  '.s,  I'o  lind  the  hi  ij,'lit  of  lii;;h  water  siihtiaef  MX  leiilhs  of  a  foot,  and  for  low 
wiiU'r.siil)tr.i(t  lour  tenths  of  a  loot. 


I 


!^ 


,,  ri;i,\i\. 

Siilv-.tilntt'  I'll  ii;i;:i'  >>  tln'  loIloNMn;:.  ili'iivcil  fioin  tlic  l^itc^t  it.ila  .i\  .nlaMf  : 

Ti'lis.il  /'//.v-HMv  //.m7,..».  -Tlir  ('..IT.  ric.l  INi.il.li.sliiin'iit.  Ml  iiiraii  mtnval  botw.TU  tli.'  Inn.' 

of  tlirin.'..n-sti,iiiMt  .mil  111-'  mn lii-li  vn.H.i.  in  IN     L".'    ;   llu'  iimmh  iivrai..l  (all  ..I   lli.>  lairs  is 

tint*' ami  .seven  liiillis  l'f.'i,i«ls|iiiiii:  II. li's  l.iiii  an. I  inn.' I.iitli-  l.'ei,  .iii.l  ..I'  iie,i|.  Ii.!.-  t  \m.  ,iii.l 
live  tenths  leet;  I  lie  .in  er.i-.'  .luiMt  mn  of  iIh^  iim'  is  (I  L".  ,  ..f  ill.'  (all  "i  I'-'  ;  I  lie  sliii.l  is  al...lll 
•JO'";  the  aveia:,'!'  .lllleren.-i  ill  the  hil-h:-  .'I  ill.'  ni.'llllllU  illit  alt. ■nil... II  Ii.I.n  of  ihe  siiiiie  ila\  is 
'line  anil  t\M>Ienlhs  lee!  tm  the  lii^li  w  ah  i -.   in.l  .me  aii.l  .'lulil  tenths  1.  el  l..i  iheh.u   u.il.i-;   lli.' 

aver.iu."  illlVer.lH I    ih.'    hl-liest    lii^:h    an.l    l..\v,-st    !,.«     w.U.Ts    ..I    the    -aine  .l.i\    1>  ll\e  .in.l  tw.i 

tenths  leel,  ami  th.'  ul.aie-l  .lilViTiMi.'.'  is  >e\.Mi  ('..•t. 

To  obtain  tin-  ii s  .m.l  liei-iit>  ..f  .^.h   hi-h   an.l    l.>\v  wai.i.  iiivi  t.ik.'  In. in  th.'   Ti.l.'  TaMes 

for  till'  r.ieilii' <"i>ast  till' liin.-»  ami   li.l-hls  lot    .^.iii  I>ie-o.  .m.l   lliili   to  oht.iili   tin-  lliiie  of   hi-li 

water  siit.ti.iet  lilieeii  ininiiie-.  ami  I..  ..lii.iiii  the  ti •!   !.>«  w.ii.r  snlm.r.i  tluit..  n  iniimtes ;  to 

olitaiii  th.  Iiei^hl  ..I  hiuh  ''^aLa- Mihtiael  Imiii  t.^nili- .'I  a  |..ot.  .iml  I..  ..l.i.iin  tin-  li.iuhl  ..f  low 
water  snl'iraet  i""  ;.-nIli^. 

Siihsiiiiite  on  \u\iH'  'Xl  111.-  lollowiii;:,  ill Tiveil  fi..iii  til.'  I.itest  il.ita  availalilc  : 

Till  ■/(■/'>  lit  I'-.liil-  l:.iii.  —  J\\r  (  i.lleeteii  I  Nl  .iMlsJi  ment .  ..1  tmall  :  II  leIN  al  l.etwe.n  til.'  Inn.'  of 
the  ino.inV  Iiaii-it  ami  llie  nine  i.f  liiuh  water.  I-  1  \  -'i  .  Tin'  in.' in  rise  ami  l.ill  ..I  I  h.'  Il.les  is 
three  anil  sevilit.'lith-.  feet  ;  of  the  s|iiiiiu  tj.l.s.  lour  ,llii|  elfiht  tenths  te.l  :  of  llo'  liiM|>  li.l.'v.  two 
ami  >i\  l.nlhs.  The  av.i.ii;.'  iliiralioii  of  the  ris.' is  li'  :.'■_•  :  ..I  the  tall.  <■  i'.!  .  ami  ..I  ili.'  stand 
ah,. lit  .10  .  Tlie  MM'i.ii:.' .lilV.  i.-me  nl  th.'  h;;;heNt  lil;^h  an.l  h.w.'.-t  h'W  w.ileisut  the  .-.line  .la\  is 
live  an.l   ihree  li'iilhs  le.!.  ami  the  ure.il.-i  .liihreii.'.'  -e\.n  ami  .i  h  ilf  te.  I. 

i'iie  limes  ot  liii;h  amlle"  v». iters  ^ii.'  1.  n  iiiinul.'s  e.iili.  i  th.iii  the  i.tM.-  ;.'i\  en  t'.ir  S.in  ltie;;o 
ami  lii.'  Ii.!:;ht-  iie.iil\  lin-  sain.'. 

Sill '-mute  on  I'.i;..'  1-  '  I  he  fullnu  ill;.'.  ileriMil  ti.'ni  ;he  I. It.  "-I  .lata  .(vailalile  : 
y,,;, ,. — ."^.in  .■^iiiieiin  l;.i\  :    Ih.- Curiieie.l  Isiaolishiiii'iii.  "1  ni.'.oi  iiitii  \  .il  liet  ween  tin- »iiin' of 
th.-   im".i!'--  iMii-!!    .iml    tune   .'(   lil;;h  w.ilei.  i-    \     .t.s   .      I  h.-    im-.iii    ii-i-   .in.l   (.ill  of  the   tiiles   Ih 
ti'ur  l.-i'i  ;  .'I   -pi  ill;:  lull'-.  Iim    an.l  nm-i.-iilh   1. .  t  :   ami  nf  nea]' IhI.s  two  ami   nine  t.'iillis.     The 

ini'an   .liil.it "I   tin-   l: I   i-   <•    ol     -.  ul   ihr  eM..  o    Jl    .      The   ri-e  .■(   th.'  hi;;Iie-f  Inl.' oI.si-ia  .'il 

(111  . I  line  a  1 1.1  .liil\ .  1  ss|  u  ,!>  -i-\  en  1.  .'I  ,i''o\ .'  the  pl.in.-  "f  red  i.'m'e,  .til.  I  ill.'  I.iw  .'sl  w  a>  t  wo  anil 
tw  II  lent  lis  helnw  ,  ihiis  j:i\  in^'  .Ul  e\l  reim-  I  ui;;.'  nf  in  lie  ,iml  two  tint  lis  (Vet.  The  Tnle  Tahli'.s  ('or 
the  r.l.itie  <  I. a  St.  pllhlishi'il  l.^r  the  ( 'n.l-l  an.l  ( li'inlel  le  Siirv.-y.  ;,'l\e  I  lie  Ililes  f.M  .'sail  Simeon  fi>r 
e\ .'!  V  .l.iv    III  ill.-  \  e.ir. 

I'.i;:.'  1  II.  lim--  li  to  '.  fi.'m  luitioiii,  thU's  m  the  h.ii  Imr  ..I'  Munleiev .  .•>iil'>tiiiii.'  th.'  lullow  in;;, 
.li'l'l\.-.l  III. Ill  till-  1.1I.--I  il.it.i  a\ailal'le: 

li'l'\. —  111.'  (  III  li  rl.-.l  i.-!.ili';-lillii-lit.  .'I  llU'all  interval  l.etweeli  tlletillieof  liij;!i  W  at.'V.  is  \'' 
•l.'V".  The  111. 'an  lis.-  .uhI  fill  ..t  lah  s  i-  li.iii  i.  i  i  ;  ..f  -|.iiny[  inles,  lix.-  .mil  .nie  t.-ntli  f.-.'t  ;  an.l  ..f 
iieaji  lull's,  tw.)  ami  nini'ti-nlh-  f.-.-l.  I  h.-  m.  .in  <1iii.iI,.mi  ot  ll...i.l  is  tl  I'.t  ;  ..|  the  dih,  ti  Of."  ; 
ami  ol  the  stiml.  o    .'..'i  . 

I'a-e  i  li.  lines  '.»  t.i  II,  tiiles  in  the  lirrh.ir  of   .M..nteri'.\.  sillisHtnte  the  loll.iwill;;  : 

The  tunes  , mil  liei;:hls  iif  hi^li    ali'l    l.>«    uit.i     it    Nlnnti-iev   f.ii  eM-n   ilav   in    the  _\  i-.ll    ni.l.\   lie 

ohtaim-.l  Iroiii  ih.-  I'.i.isi  .mil  IhimIi  in-  .•>iii\e\  Ti.h-  T.ilil.--.  1..1  ih.    r.i.-ili.-  Coast. 

Sill 'St  !t  111  I-  on  |..i-.-  1  |s,  l;m-s  I'l  t,,  ■_'_■,  li,!,-.  Ill  S.ml.i  ( 'ni.'  1 1, 11 1. ..r.  the  foll.iw  iii^'.  Ii.ini  the  lat.  st 
il.it.i  availal'h' : 

Ti'ti ». —  The  r  1 11  let  1 1.1  r.-!.ilili»iiiiii-ni.  I'l  nn-im  inlii  \  al  l.e!  we.  n  tin-  tiiiit-  ul  the  niooii">  ti.msit 
ami  the  Iiim-  .11  hi-h  w.itei.  IS  \  .".1  .  I  j,,.  11,1  ,m  i!>.  .m.l  I. ill  .a  th.-  Ii.l.s  is  foiii  .imlthi..- 
t.-liths  le.I  ;  .i|  -plili;.'  lull's,  livi-  ;iml  linii  l.nlhs  ;  .imlut  lii-.ip  llile>,  t  hie.-  an.j  t  w ..  li-m  hs.  The 
mean  illll.llion  111    ih.-  lln.ul  1-  1.    ■_•:    .   n!  lln- el.l.,  ,".    .".>,    ;   .mil  .if  the  .stillul,  0"  .id"  . 

I'.t-e  1  Is.  111,..  ,;i.  1'  .;s    shniilil  ii'.el  1    1.;-", 

Vi\'j.r  11-.  i  I  lie  .;.'».  'J'   o.",     -hiiiihl  i.-el   1     o.'.-". 

I'.iUi-  •-'•J7.  Inn-  1.  liih-s  at  S.im-.-lii...  -nl'-iiliile  the  |..lliiw  m-.  .l.-uve.l  li.im  th.    I.itesi  il.it.i: 
Tw.'iit\  twi)  iiiiniitis  .  ailii-i,  -liuiiM  n-.nl  .-i\  minnies  l.ii.i. 


MKXK  (). 


COAST  OF  LOWKU  CALIl'CUNIA. 


l»ic-o 


CnUTKS    SIIOAI.. 

Off  fho  wosforn  coast  of  Lower  ("alitomi.t.  and  sonu-wliat  parallfl  tli.T.-«itli.  tli.Tc  appears  to 
be  a  rai;K''  ot  siil.inariiir  iiioiiiitaiiis  wlios.-  siimiiiits.  rising  ;,t  mv-iilar  intervals  aoovr  tlif  watfr, 
lorin  i.vlaii.ls.  an. I.  .i.Mrin}:  the  siinacc  at  oth.-r  points,  form  .lan^'croiis  ami  .xtcnsixf  lianks. 

One  ot"  tlifsc  rcport.'.l  .lan;;('rN  is  a  liank  laul  down  witli  ;,'rcat  >imilarit.v  l.i  the  Cortes  Hank,* 

and  I'V.'n  d.'si>,Miated  tl I'.anco  ("ortes"  on  tlir  rr.'u.li  chart  No.  I!t!»7.     The  slioal.st  part  oftliis 

reported  hank  has  ten  laihotns  upon  it  in  three  sp(.|s,  situated  lu'tweeii  the  hititmles  .!!  :w  and 
.•51  i;5,  an.i  h.n^'itii.les  IIS  Jl  and  IIS^  :,l".  hviiif,'  nearly  southeast  In  soiilli  a  .|iiarter  south 
(SK.  l.y  S.  \  S.).  tiftv  miles  from  the  Itishop  liock  on  Cortes  Hank.  It  is  iaid  down  on  (he  Spanish 
chart  of  I  si;.!. 

The  chart  of  the  Calilornia  Coast,  pul.lished  in  \1'M)  l.y  Dalrymiile,  ha.s  a  si^cn  to  indicate  tlio 
Cortes  Shoal  reasonably  close  to  its  proper  position. 

The  posiiion  a.ssi^^'ned  to  this  shoal  is  in  the  direct  route  of  the  steamships  running;  U'tweeii 
San  iMancisco  and  Mcxhmu  ports  and  I'anama.  .Moreov,  r.  the  area  is  very  .■Meusive,  l.eiii;;  three 
tl'oii.saii.l  .s<piare  miles  within  the  twenty  lathoni  curve  and  about  .me  thousand  liv.-  huii.lred 
.s.pan-  miles  within  th.'  lift.'.'iifitlioin  ciir\..  The  thirty  fathom  line  .-xteiMls  ii,.ar|y  |,.|i  mile.s 
outside  the  twcni.N  filhoin  line.  The  deepest  s.»undili-s  between  the  bank  and  the  I'.ay  ..f  Todo.s 
Sant.>8  are  only  forty  fathoms. 

It  was  not  Ibiiiid  on  an.\  .\dmiralty  chart,  aii.l  in  the  ISc;  cliti.in  ..f  the  I'r.nch  chart  it  is  not 
shown.  Ill  Is(i7,  thi..u-h  Ih.' f,'"".!  oili.Ts  of  tli.'  I'acilic  Mail  St.'am  ship  Comp.iny.  w.-  w.tc  .nabletl 
to  run  a  line  of  s..iindiii->  thirty  miles  iii  leii-th  across  the  ;,'ivcii  lo<Mlity  ;   no  bolt,. m  was  tbund 

with  two  liiin.lre.1   lath. mis  ..f  line.      l"iifortuii,itcl.\   the   w.Mther   was  I'lomly  an.l   b.s.-rvations 

.oiild  b.'  .ibtaincd  after  leaviii;:  .San  Francisco,  but  the  d.partiire  ol  the  v.vs.l  was  appr..\iiiiatelv 
tak.'ii  fnmi  the  w.'st.Tii  j-oint  of  the  isl.iii.l  of  San  .Mi;:uel,  and  a  c.mrs.'  lai.l  a.'n.ss  tin- a.ssitjneil 
position  of  the  t.'ii  t.ithom  .s.tun.liii};s.  The  s.m  wass.)sm<...th  tli.it  we  rca.lily  .l.'tcct.'.l  tli.' ^'loun.l- 
swell  on  th.-ed;,'.'  of  the  Cortes  llank,  and  when  abreast  of  Ih.'  "  l;.iiie..  Cortes"  a;,'roiiii.|  swell  wa.s 
al.s.)  telt  for  a  short  Iiiii.-,  but  we  fouml  no  botloin,  as  state.l.  Subse.pieiitl.\  we  had  noobser\  ation.s 
for  |»ositioti  t.ir  s.'veral  ila\s,  .md  th.i.-fore  we  may  not  have  cros.s.'.l  the  exact  localitv 

.Mthoii^'h  til.'  e\islen.-e  of  this  shnal  iii.iy  be  eoiisiden-d  doubtful  troiii  availabl."  ;,.,  is,  yet  the 
.Icep.sca  ,soiindiii),'sof  ||„-  r.  S.  ship  riii,„,nn,  m  |s:i  m  that  liM-ality  exhibit  s.mie  remarkablo 
irre-iilaiili.-s  of  th.'  b.niom  ,,1  the  s.m.  On  the  two  lines  run  to  tin-  westw.ir.l  from  Sail  l>ie;;.i  we 
lin.l  one  tluMisaiid  .md  iili>  thr.v  lath. mis.  ;;,v.ii  mml.  iw.iilv  .■i^ht  miles  .south  thirty  six  <l."^;rees 
west  (S.  ;H)  W.i  from  |',.iiit  I.-.im.i,  an.l  tli.'  ii.'Xt  s..uiidiii-  is  two  Iiiim.Iiv.I  ami  tin.'.'  lailmms, 
rocky,  at  lifty  three  niil.'s  south  lorty  on.'  .l..-re.vs  west  (S.  II  W..  iVom  Ih.-  li-iil,  an.l  forty  .m.' 
mill's  iiorthea.st  from  ih.'  a.ssi-ii.,|  position  of  this  slmal.  TIi.mi  th.^  .I.^pih  in.ivaMS  t..  liv.'  hiin.lre.l 
.111.1  sixty  SIX  fithoms,  -r.iy  saml,  tw.-nt.s  two  miles  north  l..\  e.ist  iN.  b>  11  ,  fr..m  Ih.'  Kli..,d,  and 
nine  humlre.l  ,in.l  ei;,'hty  fithoms  at  sixt.'.ii  mih's  northwest  by  w.'st  (NNV.  by  W.i  from   111.' sam.' 

point.     .\   d.'pth.if  thoiisaii.l  inn.'  Iiun.lrc.l  .in.l    litt.'.'ii    f  itlemis.  over  .s  .'How  biowii   mml,  is 

reai'lied  at  thirty  two  mil. s  west  from  th.' sli,.al:  an.l  this  m.i>  b.- .'.uisi.l.'i.'.l   th.' eastern  .'.I-.' of 

Hie  I'acilic  sub. (cean  plat. 'an,  for  \\r  liav.-  two  tlioii.saii.l Iiiin.lre.l  ami  seventy  .sex.'n  lath. mis, 

brown  nni.l,  an.l  tw.»  Ihoiisand  on.-  humli.-d  .in.l  .seventy  t.i;,'|it  tathonis,  bniwii  mu.l,  sixty  live 
miles  an.l  one  hiin.lre.l  ami  liv.-  niil.'s,  rcs|..'ctiv.'ly,  t.>  the  s.rtith  an.l  w.'st  ..f  tin-  siiiu.os.'.l  ■^hoal. 
All  the  indic.iti.uis  i.oint  to  very  f,'rtMt  irrcKul.uities  in  depth,  and  it  may  not  be  imj.o.ssible  that 
Home  shoal  spot  sli.tuld  e.xist. 


lor  <K'»ttnitiiiii  of  tbu  Corto*  liuuk,  too  poijo  GU. 


II 


12 


rAciric  ( oAM   rii.'ir. 


I    r 


On  till'  mil  i>f  April.  1^7'!.  ('.ipl.tiii  Mrl/-ar.  of  tlir  I'.iritic  M;iil  >ti':iiii  slii|i  i\i\if„yuut,  iiiiulc, 
ill   our  r.'.|ii('st.  ail  t'\:iiiiiii;ilioii   ..f  lliis  l.;iiiK.      Al   I    o'.l...  U   m.  tn..  in   iMlitii.li-  ;U      I.!',  l.ni-ilmli- 

US' 51'.  Ill- sdiiiidccl  \\\\\\  I t.\  t'alliotiis  ..I   line  and   IoiiihI   no  lioltuin;  al  '_•  inMofU  a.  in.,  in  lati 

tuiU'.'U  .{S.  lon^MliKlc  lis  C.  111. TO  was  no  liolloin  willi  iiiiirl\  lallioni- of  linr;  and  at  1(»  nun 
utospaNt  .ioVloiK  a.  in.,  in  laiilnd.'  .'.1  1.5 .  lon;;itii.lr  lis  '  ;iS'.  Hiciv  «as  no  i..,|!oni  with  ninrl.v 
fallioiiisof  line.  I'lirs.'  positions  arc  nearly  coii.'.t,  ami  elinkcd  In  previous  and  Mihscqiieiit 
observations  tor  tiie  .ship'.-  position. 

i.\i;ia;  mhim  \in. 

Witliin  MeMiMii  terntiHA  anil  ten   niile>  t'loni   the   M.ilioaid    is  th.'  iiot.ilile   lainltall  of  Table 
MiMintain.  I>lli-  soiilii  lili\   loin  di';:n-es  east    .S.  .".J     V..<.  tweiil,\  si\  miles   lioin   the   li;;lit  lioiis,.  ;it 
Point  l.oiua.     lis  ^;eo:,'rapliie.il  position  IS  l.iiiinde  .;•.'     J'l   n.".  .  loi  -itmii'    llo    :<\    17    .     The  sniii 
mil  o|   ilie  iiioiiiiiain  is  ital    and   the  sj.les  are   imlined   .ii   .in  aii/h' ol  loits  n\  .■  de-iees  w  it  h  the 

liori/iill.  Til"  bleadlll  ol'  Its  top  IS  siMeeli  hundred  \  ,ui|s  and  i;s  eie\  llioll  two  tiiolls.iml  two  hiin 
died  .llld  follV  lolll  leet  .ibove  ihe  se.l.  A  e.mir.ll  Ilioiinl.iin  appeals  a  little  west  and  si.nthw.lld 
ill'  r.lble  Mountain,  but  not  .pliie  s,.  hi^ii  ;  its  sides  aie  aNo  inelined  lolt\  lix<'  ile;.Tee^  uilji  the 
iMiii/on.  Still  fiirtliei  to  tin'  wivsi  ;iml  soiiihwaiil  appeals  .in  ii  ie;,'iil.iil.\  |a;;i:ed  top  mount. iiii, 
about  two  thuds  the  bie.idih  ot  Table  Mo'iiiiaiii  .ind  l.»o  thoiisiinl  Ine  huudred  and  tsiM.S  one  feet 
in  t'hvalioii.      The  l.illei  iiioiini.iiii  h  is  Ikch  nanieil  ."slMip  I'eak. 

These  iiioiiiitaiiis  .lie  |iioiiiiiieiii  and  noteworth\  l.tiidiii  ii  Ks,  Ix-e.iiise  nothiii;;  liki'  llieni  exists 
on  theeoa-I.  and  the'.  shiHild  be  \  isilijr  iVoin  tilt>  to  lil't\  li\e  Hides  lioin  sc.iw.ml  iii  :,'ood  we.ilher. 
Tlie\  wi-ie  li'iiiaiUi'd  li\  \  ,ilieiiil\  I'l.  win  j:l\fs  ,i  \u\\  ol  lliciii  ill  hl»\oluiiie  ol  eharl^.  We 
obtained  the  aeeoiii|Mli\  in;:    \lew   ol    then     lll     |S7.>.  when    lie,l\  y  iiilliullls    ilollds  eo\  el  ed   llieeo.lst 

raiise. 

Table  Mountain  IS   ••  l.a  Mes.i  de   l.i   Ciim"  o!    \i/e.inio.  P.iij.      It    is   Known    to   ihf   .Sp.mish 

inhabitanis  ot'  ( 'aliloiin.i  .is  l.a  ^Ie■.,l  liedoiid.i.  mi  .lei-oiint  ol   ;l^  .il si  eireiil.ii  aiea  on  top,  w  hndi 

isi'oveied  with  shaip.  aii^iul.ir  t'r.ii,'iuents  ol'  .i  reddish  roek,  whose  other  ih.iraeteristies  are  not 
;:iveii. 

Si\te«'u  miles  in  frntn  the  roast  line  is   the  ^'reat  ehain  of  the  eoist   moiiniaiiis.  which  reaeh 

three  thoiis.ilid  two  hlindled  .llid  llUietv  feet  elevation  at  Dollbh-  "i  ,il.  III  M.Aleo,  .llld  three  tlioil 
sand  three  hundred  .iiid  eiuhtv  -i\  leei  .it  a  pe.ik  three  miles  north  ol  the  1  '.iiidary  Inn'.  In  ele.u 
weather  these  iiioiiiit.tiii^  should  !'<■  seen  l.ii  ihei   seaw.iid  than  T.ible  Moiint.iin  and   Sii.ti  p  I'e.ik. 

All  the  eo.i^t  I. llld  noitii  of  I'.ible  Mountain  Is  .■..mp.ira!ivel\  low.  .mhI  w  In  n  a  \l•^.„■l  is  up 
with  till'  Colon, ido^  the  noilhelii  [Miim  o!  this  t.ible  I. iml  lie.irs  iiorlh  bs  e.i-l  lliiee  ipi.ii  let  s  ea.si 
(N,  by  K.  ,'  i:.,. 

|iK.sr.\>-.S(.    pdlNr    A.Mi    "llAli    \N    [■'IM. 
A    \essel  I'omiliU  np  Ihe   MeXhMii  eoist  oil  .1  ;:elier,ll  eolll^e   northwest    h.ill'  liolth   to  lioitlp      st 

three  (|iiart!is  iioiili  N'W,  i  N.  loNW.  ,'  N.  mny  p,is>  .ill  the  piomiinnt  hi  .ull.inds  .it  .i  dlst.^nee 
of  liw  to  ten  iiiih's,  Tlie  (  oioiiados  Isl. mils  .lie  iii.ide  out  at  IwelitN  live  miles,  w  hen  a  \  esxd  is 
ll.lll  way  bel  Ween  Point  l!.lliil,l  (  Todos  .S.intos  l!a>;aiid  the  islets.  The  dee|i  bl;.'lit  lllidel  T.ible 
.Mountain  ,uid  Sh.iip  Peak,  wheie  the  eoasi  tiiedrs  I'm-  n,ilis  t.i  ihi-  i.i^iw.iul,  is  ii.tinrd  I'l  \.iiii.\<< 
lliljl.  At  Ihe  western  limit  of  this  bi;;lit  Is  I  (eseaiiso  I'miit,  wlilili  Is  i  h.iraeteri/ed  oil  theehalt 
b\  a  sli.:lit  hill  on  ilie  io|iiil  tlie  hliiiV  iie.ii  its  evtreinit  v.  It  is  m  l.itilnde  ;>_'  Mi',  lon;^ii  inle 
117    (IP. 

I'liim  l»ese.ili>o  Poiiil  till'  eo.isl.liiic  in  I  ||,.  i.il;_'r  of  ,i  Icili;.'  stleteh  of  llies.l  I  lllllilli;,'  uis  li.|-  liiillh 
as  the  iMiiiiid.iiy  hue  between    \le\li.i   .iiid   the   I    li:Ied  ."sMtes.       j'.iil   |ii|    the  lilst    thirteen   miles  tins 

shoreline  IS  lie. Illy  sir. lii^hl  on  a  northwest  three  ipiarteis  noithiNW.  ,'  N.iioinvc  to  Me\ie.iii 
Point,  abreast  the  ( 'oion.idos  Is|, mils,  w  heie  the  shoic  ehaiij,'cs  Hs  t  icml  to  noith  b\  Wes!  three 
iinarliis  wi'sl  iN,  by  \V.  ;  W.  i,,;  four  .md  a  ImIi  nnle.s  Io  the  bound. ir> .  and  eontinue.s  to  nine 
miles  abreast   the  soUIIh'IIi  |i,iiI  ol'  S.m   l»ie;;o  Pas. 

The  lulls   imme!iatel\   belnml   tlm  n.irrow   nies.i  rise   to  loin    hiindreil   and   live  hiiiiilicd  feel. 

anil  iliereiiM-  ml.md.  Mr\li m  point  ~hoWs  dut  \el\  well  to  ,il|  \r..sels  eiiliilli;,'  llolii  the  Mllltlicast- 
ward  ;  and  when  it  bears  noith  b\  w.-t  h.df  west  (N,  liy  \\  ,  .\  \\.  ,dlst.int  eij;liteen  totweiitv 
miles,  it  is  lairly  well  abo\e  tin  1, on/on.  At  the  same  time  a  rem.irkable  fe.itiire  is  seen  on  the 
very  I'd^'e  of  Ihe  lii;,di  mesa,  where  a  iiiodei.itely  lou,  Proad.  and  welldelilied  erater  is  seen  oil  the 
ocean  hIojm;. 


1(1    1  hini'H. 


( 

v 


imI  Moiiiituin. 
arji  Peak, 


::x 


Mcxiian  V 


^*ti^;  *^i^:.i  Vr^.5ri?»- 


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■»»!». 


tffi-~'-<-.-^-i--'--         ,         / 


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Doiililr  l'.-»k   :l.<>*i  IW'I 


r»lilr  MiMUllllin.   Mrxud. 

N.  I.y  K.  i  K  .  lit  iniliw, •,',-' II  fi-.t  lii 


n.      4Sr^ii^«! 


LCtf?-"' 


-r  ::3^ 


Mi«u  uii  rfiiil,    >  iiiile'.  si.iilh  cif  il.iiiri.hir>  iin.i.u lit. 

\     I.)   W    J  \\'.,  It.i  mmIi->. 


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MkIIIiIiIIM.    Mi'XII'o. 

I.jt  K.  «  K  ,  lit  in iliw, •,',-' II  fi-.l  lii«li. 


Rnl  M'Tiitaiii. 
8hiir|.  I'c.ik, 


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N.'rih,  lit  Miiltw. 


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at  our 
lis  51 
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Miiiiir 

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limi/.i 
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(.1  T:' 
liiui/. 
a  I  toll 
ill  el' 


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l.ii-  t'oniiiaiiiw.  Mi'Md..  N.  W    |  i  imlrh.  t;r4  frrt  liii-li. 


.  J^i-^  kil'M^ 


/SClii 


■JbL      ^'^w^'^'     w^ 


r 


■  llillr,-..  ;t:,n  feel  high. 


*•  V  \S      1  liiilc,  t-7|  Ir 


l.iih  ('iii..rm.l..H  IhIhiiUh. 


"T^:?C'jrri''^— -('''''{^'•■^""r'"" 


Mi'Siiiin  i'liiiil.  .'i  iiiil'-K  Miiilli  iirMi'xirah  lliiiiiiilmy. 
\  li)  W   4  \V  .  UJ  Miil.'i. 


^,- 


•••t  hik-h 


iiik."" 


.. „....-~'   •,)!■• -ir«. 
*'"'-'■' I'r  ■  r-     'I  111  I  Ulfci 


•  N  \s    1  iiiiic',,  rri  .Vfi 


H    lnlHIut" 


I'liiiit  l.iiiiiit  ii<iiiii  j>,lnii(l, 
N   l.y  W    J  W  .'.Nij  TiiilHH. 


It 


■■k 

i 


I'Minr  <(iA>i   rii.'ir. 


IS 


Till'  wiMlluT  w:h  il.iik  ;iimI  iIoihI-  w.i.'  li.iii;;iM-  ..\ri  Hi.'   Iiinl  «lnri  «.•  |p.i.v,r.|  llus  ol.j.it,  so 

tllltl    11.1  lilliurs  IMM  •ll>t,llll    l>lt«  l,yl<HIIMl  r.Hll.l  !•«•  ..Iil.lllir.l.       Illll    I  llf  \  l.U   lllrli   IiimIi'  nf    ll   ixlilllitM 

Miiiii ol   lis  .liiiiiMMfrisllfs.      riic  toii'iiiiilos  tlirii  I riMMli^i'^l    li.ill   iM'i  til  i  N  W  .  A  N.  .  .hsliiiit 

aU.iit  -iMtfii  ihilis.  ami  apiKMivil  .is  t\\„  i,l.l.s.  tin-  lai ;,'••!•  .IimiI.Ii-  iiia.s.t  to  llir  Miuilifa.M  ami  llm 
Mtnalli'i  ami  ilmiliU'  |iiMiitt'<l  iiia>s  in  tlir  m>ttli\v*'.sl. 

A    ......I  uissa^fwav.  s«\fii  mill's   in    « i.lili.  i-mnIs   liriw.M'ii   tliis  |>«niit   aii'l   Hit-  <'<>ii.iiailtirt 

IslainU.  «illi  all  a\tra<;c  .lf|.lli  i>(  lillf.  ii  latl is.      Nrssils  tiuin   the  s..iilli.  l-mml  t..  S  mi  Di.  -o, 

iiiiiy  nalilv   ti»  iiisiili-  thr  i.l.imis  :ii    Ill-Ill  iijioii  III.'   li.Miiiii:  uf  ruiiil   l,..Mia  l.i-hl  .Ui'vnIi'  i.'  yiu'ii. 

M. MiMii  I'.. ml    li.is  am.'  ii|>.>ii  .iii\  .>l    lli.'  .mnIiii;.'  .Ii.iilv.  .iml  «.•  Ii,i\.'  yi^.'ii  il  llii>  ii.iiiH- 

lui  III.  I. Ill' il.\.     It.s  a|i|.it>\iiiiaU«n>;;riiiilii<al  posili s  l.ililiiilr  .!J    liTV  iHUlliiiml  luii-iliitln 

1 1,     iiT'  u.si. 

I, OS  CI  ii;i  iN  Alms. 

Tli.'M'  isl.iii.ls.  Im  liiii;^!!!^  Ir.  M.Air...  Ill'  s.v.ii  iiiijivs  ..IV  till'  ri.a.-t  ami  n.  miIn  fi;.'lit  mij.'s  smitli 

of  111. •  I Iai\   li.lwr.n    M.MiM  .111.1    till-  I   ml. '.I  .Siai.s.      j'li.'V   r.iiiii  a  -i..ii|>  ..I'  lii;;li.  I'oM.  ami 

;il.iii|.i  i.m1,>  iimI  \<<il\  i>l.l>,  .ll  will!  ll  llir  Liiu.-il  Is  titlffii  iiiilfs  -iiiilli  l.\  .a.sl  S.  I..\  I'..  I'miii 
r..iMt  I, .una.  It  IS  ii.Mil\  iwu  ni;l.'s  in  j.n-lii  l>\  .mi.'  Iliii.l  .if  a  milf  in  Iu.miIi  li.  .iihI  II-  hi  .1  inulli- 
«.-.|  iml  -.niitli.'ast  .lii.'.liiMi.  .\s -.fii  iKiiii  till-  mirlli  m  .-..lilli  tins  i.sl.-t  is.,  wc.l-.' sli,i|ic.|  mis.s 
iisiiit;  1.1  .liiLiil  siv  liiimlii'.i  .111.1  s.\.'iil,\  lix.'  I.'.'I  al.i.v.'  tli.'  s..:i.  Iml  w  li.'ii  s.^'ii  tr.iiii  ili.'  sniii  jivs.'sl 
It  .sh.ius  as  a  Imi;;  iimlnl.il  in;;  isl.i  uilli  tin-  in-. -I  .1. in. ---inn  ii.mi  tin;  iiihI.II.'.  Hi.'  >iiit'a.-.'  Iiii.s 
Niiiiic  farlli  iiji.'ii  11.  Imt  it  isfiilii.  I>  .l.'siiinir  .if  iiv.s;  ,1  Ww  sm.ill  .>.'i  iil.bv  l.ii>liisi\i^i.  .iml  .lining' 

llif  r.iiii.v  N.MNiiii  111.'  Mill   IS  K.K.M.'.I  «itli  -i.iss.  ami   ,1   ::i.ai  al I. in I   i,',imlily  iiil.>r.-.l  IIi.xmts 

sli.iw  III  ji.ilili.  >  .it  v.ll'iu.  |iiii|il.',  .iml  (II. 111-.'.  Iiiiiiti-  111!'  .lr.\  -•■a-iiii  all  \  .•u.'tati.tii  is  witli- 
iicil.  ,iml  llir  islcl  lui'M'iii.s  .1  ^iiiil.'  iiiil  loiliiililiii;;  ,i|i|i.'.ii,iiiif.  Tarli  .111.1  similar  plants  ^.mhw 
aiii.in-  til.'  iiii'Us. 

\Mi.n  111.'  i-laml  Im.iis  m.iili  l.>  wr^t  li.ilf  wot  iN.  Ii\  W  .  '.  W.)  111.' .■.•iiumI  ..lltlllir  is  .sli;;litly 
man  .1  l>\  a  .>Iiiiii1.1it  nf  tli.-  mulli  p.iit  nl  tli.'  isl.iml  slmwin;.'  mi  ili.'  «.■>!  ,<l..p.'.  <  >n  lliis  hcann;,' 
111.- mnlliwr^l  i-li  t  .sli.iws  .1  Miiii.'wli.it  >imil.ii  tiuiii.'.  ami  lli.'  Iwn  hhUn  isl.'t>li.'  Ii.'lw.'.n  III. 'in, 
l.iil  11.', II. 'I  I..  111.' l.iij:.'-!  isl.'l.     A  lull.'  Ill  III.'  .a.st  llf  tins  l,ii';.'.'>i  isl.-i   is  nc'Ii  tlif  faint  .mtliii.' of 

I' t  l.iiin.i  lis  .1  li.w  lilt  i.l.t.     \\  li.'ii  III      SI  ;,ilii'.is|  pmnt   of  ili.'i^l.'t  Immis  mirtlira>i    li\  mirth 

hall  mil  til  !  Mi.  1»>  N.  '.  N-  tli.'  mnlliwrst  i>li''  i>  .1  !.';;iil,ir  p,\  lamni.  iln'  tun  i.M'k>  isltis  mi'  luMi'tT 
tlu>  l.ir-.si,  ami  I'liint  Liniia  is  l.uiitl.v  sffii  a,s  a  l.iw  Hat  isltt  jiist  \scst  nf  ilir  iiiiil.ll.-  islet. 

Til.'  iiniili  fii.l  III  111.'  1  it«.'  i^l.l  lias  .sir.i;r;;liii;:lM'lp  amnml  it  ami  sniii.'  m.'ks  clnsc  in  ii.  TIiito 
JH  II  .•<iiiik.li  iih1>  .In-.'  iimlci  ilii'  sniilli  .'inl.  I'll.'  sniimliii-s  alnii;.'  till'  .'a.sl  f.icc  (if  ilic  islcl  i'aiiy;o 
Irniii  .•i;;lil  In  si\tci'ii  tatliniiis,  .iml  tlii'ii-  is  saiil  In  111'  .'M'.'ll.'iil  .imlim.i;,'.'  nii  this  .siili'  i>[  III.'  iskin.l 

111  till   In  liUj'.'li   fatlinlll'-  nl    Wll.T  nMT  -,iml\    Imllnlil.        Ill.'l.'     I-  nll!,\    nil.'  I.lll.lillu'  pi. If.',  allil  .'M'll 

I  he  II'  I  lie  a.s.'.nl  Is  ililliciill  fni-  lill.v  f.'.'l.  ami  tlicm-.'  .',i>\   In  tin'  <'H'>I.  uliirli  i-  li.ilt'  a  mili'.ilisl.iiit. 

'I'lii'  M'ciiml  prniniin'iit  isl.'i  i-,  a  Ini-c  hain'ii  iiia>.s  nf  rnck.  tliii'f  liiimli.'il  ami  lift.v  feet  lii;rli 
ami  tliicc  iinartci.s  nf  a  mil.'  Imiy  mutliucst  ami  sniillii'.ist.  ||  lies  imrtli  lift.v-.'i'.;lil  .IfLirccs  w.'st 
(N,."iA  \\  .1.  llii.'t' null's  ili>i. lilt  linm  ihi'  l,ii-('.-.|  islrt.  WIhh  -rcn  Imiii  tlic  ■muhIi  soiillifast  ami 
ami  iinitli  nnillivMst  n  .ipp('.ii>  as  .1  i.';;iil.ir  p\ramiil.  Iml  wli.n  ■-.■.■n  liniii  ilic  w.'si  s.iiitliwi'st  It  is 
In.iail.'ii.'il  mil  vMlli  an  iiii'-iilar  niitliiic  ami  llic  lii;^ln'r.  ilmilili' li.'.idc.l  jiait  Inwards  the  .mitli- 
cast,  'riii'i.'  is  \.'i\  ill',  p  u.il.i'  clii-M'  aiiiiiihl  tli:>  islit,  sniiiiilliiu's  "I  fcil.N  I"  lill>  I'.il  litilii>  li.'ili;; 
I. mini  nil  all  >i.l.'>  .imt  a  Imtlnm  nf  saii.l.  cnr.il,  and  lirnkiii  slidls. 

Oil  till'  iinrlliw.'sl  p.irt  <>{'  the  lar-.'st  islet,  and  in  the  m'li.T.il  dire.'tinii  tnwards  the  .seeniid 
l>li't.  Ill'  I  vvn  siiiall.'l  mil'-,  ni  i.itli.l  tun  '^ii.il  111  i-->i'S  i>\  inik.  I'll.'  laiu'.'r  .111.1  hl;;lli'l'  olli'  is 
neaiU  li.ill   .1  mil.'  111  .'M.iii  .111. 1  iili\   I'l  .'I  lii'_'li.      ll    li.'s  .ili.iiit  'Hie  mile  snutliu.'sl    .->U'.    finiii  tin' 

nmth  I I  1.1    III.' l.ll^;e■^l  islei.      Ii  has  deep  u  .Uer  .nniiml  ii.uiih  kelp  mi  tin-  inmi  side.     \\  li.-ii 

tilt'  1..:^.'-!  i>lel  li.'.iis  mnlli  1>>  ue-l  h.ilf  west  1  N.  Ii\  W.  1,  W.i,  this  laiu.r  inek  shows  to  ill.' 
west  u."  1.1  nl  the  -in.illel  lii  k  .1-  .1  ll.lt  p\  1.1  ill  ill  ;  bill  u  In  11  I  he  siuilhea-l  pnilit  of  the  l.ll^'.'Sl  isl.md 
hears  unit hi'ast  l.v  math  li.ilt  imrtli  (N  I'",.  l>v  N.  I  N.i.  Ihiv.'  mil.  s  distant,  this  larmier  rock  appears 
as  the  iiiiii'i  nil.',  and  is  n  r.'i:iilai  in  niilliiie.  Ii.i\  inu  iis  hmln  r  .11. 1  tnwai.ls  the  west.  The  smaller 
rn.'k  IS  eoinparatively  low,  ami  Ins  almiit  halt  a  mile  wotuaid  nf  Hi.'  nmth  pnilit  nf  the  ':.ru.'st 
islet.  Itntll  tlli'se  ini'ksweii'  l,i\nllle  ii'snlls  otllie  elimiiiniis  sea  ilephaiits  Ix'l'nre  tli.'>  were 
cNlcrmin.itcd.  r.elvveell  tli.'se  tun  rocks  lii.is.ses  .uid  the  l.iri,'esl  islet  the  liotliuii  is  foul  and 
marked  l>_v  k.li  . 


14 


PACIKIC    CiiAsr    I'lrnT. 


TluTO  is  ;i  twoniil.'s  wi.l.'  pussa-o  l...|«..rn  tl rtliw.'st   islrt  iviul  llio  r...-k,V  m;iss.«s  ofl'  I,.. 

largest  or  s„utlu'a.st  islH.     'rii.Ml.M.tli  nnip-s  tr<..n  .•i-lito.Mi  I.,  lorfy  luflioiMs.  Imt  no  vrss.-l  israll.-d 
mioii  to  i.si>  tins  jiassup". 

HHw.H-n  tlu'  isl.'ts  aii.l  Mexican  Toiiit,  tlu«  bottom  is  .|Mil.'  iv-iilar.  an.!  tin  .l.'ptlis  ran>;r  trom 
eiglitvcn  to  twenty  faliuMns  at  tli.'  isl.ts  to  t.Mi  lathoms  uitlun  a  n.ilr  of  the  shoiv,  with  iK.ttom  of 
mud  and  sln'li>,  ami  steaTn  ships  tiv.|iu'iiilv  ns.-  tins  passa;,'f. 

Coniin};  from  the  south  this  !:roup  atlonls  a  f.'oo.l  mark  in  makin;:  San  I»irp>  when  Table 
Mountain  is. 'lon.le.l.althon^'h  before  brin- up  «ith  th-m   I'oint  I.oma  shows  .listinetlv  as  a  low 

tlat  isi.'t. 

At  niuhf  a  vessel  aiii'roaehin.'r  San  Die^'o  from  the  smithwan!  will  see  the  I'oint  I.oma  Lij,'Iit 
from  ten  to  thirteen  miles  bef..ie  Immii-  iq.  nmiIi  tliein.  ami  uliei.  it  h  bion-ht  to  bear  iiurth«esl  b.s 
north  tw<.iliir.ls  north  (NW.  b\  N.  H  >'  •'  enin-e  for  •!  will  .arrs  h.'r  p.i-t  the  « 'urona.ios  mi.lwa.v 
between  the  main  shore  ami  the  sc.iilliea'<l<'rii  islet. 

The  sketches  «:ive  a  ;:eneral  idea  of  the  trroiip  from  clitb-rent  points  of  view. 

The   reo::iaphical  position  ..f  the  hi-hesi  point  of  Ih.lai-esl  islet,  as  det.'rniiuetlli.v  (lie  ('oivwt 

ami  (leodetic  Sur\  ey.  i-  : 

l.:.l,ln,l- -'^       ■-"■'      "■     ""^"'• 

I,o„^it>,.|- "■         "       '■'_     "'-'• 

dr.  ill  mill'    ■'       '"        '"' " 

Ihrp  S,,i  .s'.,»H</l»i-/.v.— Several  ofT  shore  soumlin;:s  have  been  taken  near  this  -,'ronp.  and 
e.<»lM'ciall.\('ii  the  iiorlliwest  piolon-alion  of  the  two  iirineip.il  islels.  j'rom  the  sonthea.stern  iir 
lar;:est  islet  ue  have  the  tollow  in;;  beariii;.'s  and  distances  of  ilie.se  soiindin.Lis  ami  the  cliaraelor 
of  the  bottom.     The  obser\  at  ions  were  made  b\    f.  S.  steamer  riisiiinirit  : 


1^ 
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t'>}th>iin* 

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DiATATli  t  of  Uitlnni 


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hniki'ii 

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W  4 

l>itik  tiiil.l  uilli  III).-  "tiliil 

S.«  0 

I  >.if  k  mutt 

3«.l 

liark  niuil. 

The  soiiiiilin^;s  on  tlie  I'icim  ii  ehail  r.l','7.  eilition  ol  IstlT.  Irom  l.os  Coroiiados  to  the  Corten 
Hank,  are  erioneously  >.;iven.      l  hey  should  ha\  e  the  sijiu  ol   '•  ho  hott'iiti  "  to  each. 

Los  Coronailos  vvi-re  discovered  i>>  .Iiian  Kodri^iie/  Cabiillo  (Ui  the  L'Tth  September,  l.")!-,  ami 
Ferrelo,  his  pilnt.  desciibes  tliem  uid  then  po^uion  wr\  well— ••  tliiee  uninhabite<l  islands,"  which 
they  named  islas  Itesieilas.  or  th"  l>esnlale  Isl.imls.  They  obtained  their  present  desi^jnaliou 
from  Vizcaino,  w  lio  named  I  hem  in  Itloj  in  hoimr  cij'  Kramisen  Coronado,  j,'ovei  nor  of  the  [iiok  ince 
of  Xaliscd  under  ('oile>.     <  tn  \  i/eamo's  ehail.  howevi-i,  tlie\  are  desi;,'iiated  Islas  de  San  Martin. 

Cabrera  I'.ueuo  c.iUs  iLem  the  i.'ilauds  of  .s.m  .M.ii tin,  with  some  \L'ry  small  FaruUouea. 


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of: 

PACIFIC  COAST  OF  Till:  I'MTEl)  STATES. 


'4 


m 


C  AI.IIOIJMA. 

Tho  name  Culifornia  is  first  foiiml  in  tlu>  wortlilfss  roinaiicft  '*  liiis  Sorgiis  of  I]si)liiii(liaii,"  the 
son  of  Aniadis  of  (lanl.  written  1>.\  (iarcia  Onlonrz  de  Montalvo,  tlie  translator  of  tin'  Ainadis.     It 
was  lirsi  piinlcil  in  l.'UO,  witli  editioiw  in   ITilO,  irii'l,  l."il.'.">,  l.V.'li  (two),  l."»7."),  1.VS7,  and  the  reeent 
re|irint  of  |S,"»7.* 
The  name  appears  in  luunerous  passsipes,  of  whicli  the  foih)W!n{r  are  <jiveii : 

Kiiiiw  tliiit,  on  111!  riKlit  li;iiiil  of  tin-  Iti.Iu's,  very  iii'.ir  to  tin'  'I'lrnstrKil  I'ar^nliw.  tlurr  is  iiu  isliiiiil  chIIi'iI  Ciili- 
loriiia,  »  lui  Ii  \v;iM  jiropli'il  witli  liliuk  woimii,  Hitlimil  iiii>  un'ii  iiinon^c  tliriii,  iH'rai.sf  llnv  wiTf  ii  riiNtoinicl  lo  livi< 
iillfr  till'  l':i»liioii  of  Aniii/.ons. 

Ill  tliiM  itlitiul  i:illf(l  Ciilifoniiii  ;irc>  iiiiiiiy  (rrilliiiH.  on  acioiiiit  of  tin'  ureal  ^-avayrms-H  of  the  country  ami  tlic 
iiiiintiiNi- i|iiniitily  of  Mil. I  ijaiiH'  foiiml  tlun-. 

Now,  111  llii>  liiiir  that  tliosr  );rt'at  iiii'ii  iil  llio  Pagans  sailnl  |  aj{aiiist  Constant inopl.'  |  witli  tliosr  nrrat  lirfls  of 
«  liiili  I  lia\<'  lolil  \oii,  tliiTi'  ri'iniH'il  in  lliis  laml  of  t'alil'oriiia  a  iinrcn,  larjjr  of  liiwly.  \it>  licaiitifiil.  in  tlir  i>rinn'  of 
lirr  yrilP<.  I'ti'. 

The  name  Cilifornia  nt'Xt  tx-cnrs  in  the  mi'iiioirs  of  the  <'onipiista(h)r,  IJernai  Diaz  del  Castillo, 
whosciNt'd  witii  Coilfs  III  till'  coiiiini'st  of  Mexico.  l\v  writes  that  'M'ortfs  a;:ain  srt  sail  from  Hanta 
Crii/  and  ilisro\cn'd  the  eua.sl  of  Caiiforiiia."  Here  Cortes  remaini-tl  tor  some  time,  disheartfiied 
at  the  want  of  snce.'ss  of  his  varioii.s  (>\pfditioiis.  'Die  vie«'i(>y.  Mendo/a,  disjiatched  a  vessel 
niidcr  the  eommand  of  llloa,  with  lettei.s  to  Cortes. 

riloa  hail  a  iiioni  favoialilr  voyani-,  ai.il  sikiii  arrivcil  in  tin'  liarlxir  wliori'  Cortt'M  lay  at  anchor.  Tin-  'i-ttcrs  of 
Ills  n  ifi'  ami  tlioM<  of  Ills  cliililri'n.  ikuil  of  tin-  \  iciroy.  Iiuil  ho  iiiiu'Ii  I'tVci't  iipuii  liiiii  llint  hi'  ^avr  thf  comniaml  of  his 
MsNi'l  lo  rilo:i.  •  iiiliai'K.-il  for  Ai  a|inlco,  ami.  wlii'n  In'  liail  arrlvnl  licrr.  hi'  haa'  'Ucil  to  tjiiaiihnahnai  .  wherr  his  wifo 
rrsiilcil,      '      ■      '     Shortly  afti-r,  also,  tlio  triMijis  iirnvnl  which  hail  liii  n  left  holiiml  in  California. 

.\fter  a  few  months'  repose  Cortes  sent  out  a  more  (•onsiilcraiile  expedition  under  eotnmand  of 

Clh.a. 

I'll  IS  armament  left  tin-  haihor  ilr  la  Nativ  nlail  iii  thx  nioiitli  of  Jiinrof  one  thoii.saiul  live  luinilred  ami  tliirtv  ami 
»ii  many  yeais     1  |or);el  the  eiail  \ear. 

'I'hr  <'aliforiiia  referii'd  lo  ahove  is  the  iieninsiila  of  that  name,  {jeiienillv  known  as  Lower 
California,  and  thf  dati-  1."., '..">.     The>  are  the  only  times  in  which  l>ia/,  uses  the  name.     (Ca[i.  C.  C.) 

In  l.">,;'.»  l''ranciseo  dc  lihia  determined  l,owcr  <'aliforiiia  to  lie  a  peninsula.  This  fact  apjiears 
lo  ha\e  liceii  siil»sei|iienlly  for;,'ot ten.  fur  the  "  West  Indische  Spie^ihel."  a  i|ilaint  old  niltcli  de- 
scri|>tion  of  .Vmerica  and  ot  Spani-sh  cruellies,  pnldished  in  ItiL'l,  has  a  map  reprivsentiiit;  Call 
foiiiiaasaii  island,  terminating;  at  the  northwest  at  Ca|)e  ISIanco.  'I'he  Mn^'lish  translation,  pnli 
lishcd  III  ItlTI,  ieprodiicc.-<  the  te\t  and  the  map.  .\nd  alioiit  ltl7r>  it  was  called  the  Ihu  Carolinas, 
III  honor  of  Charles  II  of  Spain.  In  i>e  I'li's  atlas.  ITO'.i,  California  is  laid  down  as  an  Island  a.s 
lUr  north  as  i't'  at  the  latest  date,  IT-')).     .Many  other  authorities  considered  it  an  island. 

The  niiiiie  Cilifornia  wa.s  }:radiially  used  to  de.sif,'nate  the  re^'ion  from  the  (iiilf  of  California 
to  the  mythical  "Straits  of  Aiiian." 

•Tlie  full  title  uf  ihu  bouk  lit  "  Lita  tjorKaa  di"l  Mcy  Kaforiailo  Cabaluru  EspUudiau  Uijo  tlcl  eiceleiite  re  Amailis 
du  Uaula." 


l! 


I 


!» 


« 


10  I'M   inc    CnAST    I'lLOl'. 

Till'  foiiiitry  t'lom  latitiiili-  tliirt.v  riuM  ili'irrrcs  iioilliw;inl  was  ralli'd  New  Alliioii  In  Sir 
FraiH'is  l>niki'  iii  l."i7'.'. 

Ill  roi'i'iit  tiiiu's  till'  ropou  imrtli  ol'  San  Hicpi  wa.s  tallod  Alia  (  alir.iriiia,  and  llial  to  tin- 
soutliwanl,  llaja  Caiilornia. 

cKM.UAi.  iPi;s(i;ii'ri(>N  hk  tiik  rAcii'ic  coAsr  to   \n\:  sikait  i>k   m  an  dk  n  <a. 

Imhiii  till'  soni  hern  huiiinliiiv  ot  ( 'aliloiina.  in  latilinlf  •!'-  IL* .  li'iiuamlc  117  l»s'.  |.i  I'ojnf 
Arfiiniln.  in  laliliiili' .!J  .U  ,  lon;:iliiilc  I'.'n  ;>  .  tin-  coast  runs  west  noi  tliu.st  tw  o  liiiiiilnil  and 
t\\fnl,\  live  Miilfs,  and  oil   tliis   sinlili    ii«'   llir   Santa    I'.ailiaia    Island^;    Iiomi    r«iinl    Ar;,'ii('llo   to 

Caiii'   Mi'iidoriiKi.   in    latilaiU'    U>     ..'"i  .  luiisilinh'    1-1      -"-' .    H    nnis   iliWfst    li\f    linndrcd    and 

t\vciit>  live  miles,  finluacin;;  tlir  lla>  ot  Montcirx  and  tin-  (liiU'ot  tin-  Farallonr^,  « illi  tlii' 
fntiancf  to  San  I'rancisco  Hav  :  and  from  CaiM'  Mendocino  to  (ape  I'latten.  in  latitude  !>>  •_'.{', 
loiifiitiide  lu't  ir.it  inns  north  noitlnvesi  four  linndri'd  .iiid  i:^lil,\  miles,  en. Inaian;,'  llnmltoldl 
r.ay.  Ilie  ;,'ieat  reels  ol  I'oini  Saint  (leor^'c  and  Cape  Ortoid.  tin-  entrance  to  ilie  ('(diimli,,i  l!Ker, 
ami  the  Strait  ol   .In, in  de  I'liea. 

TIIK   roAST   or   r  M.ll'iiKNIA. 

Aiiiiroacliiiif:  the  coast  of  Califoi ma  from  the  southward,  the  lirst  landmarks  .-ire  the  Coronu- 
dos  Islands  and  the  welldetined  outlines  ol'  'I'alile  Mountain  am:  its  conical  nei;;hlioi,  Sharp  Peak. 
The  immediate  coast  southward  of. .San  l>ie;.o  I'.ay  is  a  taldc  lami  of  niodcrale  liei;;ht.  stretchin;,' 
Well  liaeU.  with  a  u'elitle  slope  to  tin'  foot  hills,  wlienci'  the  land  rise>  rapidl\.  It  is  well  reprc 
seiili'd  in  the  aceompanvin^  sketches. 

The  i//ii;iM//ir«Miiarkin;.'  the  western  initial  I'oini  of  the  l>oiinilai\  lietweeii  Mcmco  ami  the 
I'lnteil  .States  is  on  the  talile  hliilV  leii  miles  noitlic.ist  !•>  iioi  th  two  thirds  north  N  K.  In  N.  •■  N.) 
from  the  ( 'oioii.i  los.  and  ehneii  miles  soiit  heast  h.ilf  east  .SI",.  A  I'.H'rom  Point  I,oma  li;.;lit.  It 
is  al'out  loit\  (iiie  feet  almvc  the  sea.  .llnl  direcllv  to  the  mnlhot  It  the  mesa  I. ills  to  the  low 
marsln  land  soiiih  of  .S.m  |)ir;,'o  l;,i\.  It  is  an  olielisk  of  white  ni.irMe.  almiit  t«ent\  Icei  m 
liei.:lit.  resiiiiu'  njioM  a  peilestal.  It  st.iiids  near  the  ed:;e  of  the  liliill.  ahoiit  two  hundred  \ards 
t'loii]  the  sea  sliiiic,  and  i--  |iiaihl\  wsiide  Iroiii  Ilie  water.  Its  ^eotrraphic.d  position,  a.s  determined 
li\    lllr   r.  .S.  ('ii.i>t  and  lii'odetic  Sni'Ve.V.  IS 

Lalilu.li I!-,'       :!1      :,-     II.  II,, rill. 

LiiiiHitiiilf 117       iC      .!•,'   .:t7    H.il. 

<  ir.  Ml  tiiiiv 7'      1-       '■"' .'i 

Tills  point  of  lilnlV  is  named  Piiiila  de  .Vreiia  on  the  Sp.mish  charts. 

riie  liei;:lii  i\\  ihi'  I, mil  at  the  iiiiiiiiniieiit  i»  fi>rt\  li\e  lei  I  at  mean  lo»  water,  and  one  milcc.isi 
ol    the  iiionnment  there  is  a  stone  iiioiind  Iliiee  Inindred  and  sixty  live  feet  aliine  the  Mca. 

I'lom  tile   lioiindaiv   the  coa>.    is  low  .md   llat.  riiiinini;   iioith   li\   west  fur  alioiit  se\cii  mile- 
Iheiicr  ciirv  iiiL' ;:iadii.ill\   to  the  westw  ard   until   II    !•-  ne,irl\  east   .uid  "est  at  the  enliance  to  .S,in 
liiet;o  11. i\.     The  interior  ol   the  coiiiilis   is  marked  li.\   hi^:li  mountains,  lorininy:  pai     ol   the  ;,'re.it 
chain  cMcndlllf,'  the  w  hole  leli;;th  of  the  peninsula  of    l,o\\cr  (  allforilUU 

SAN    niK.GO   RAY 

I'liint  /.lojiii.— Whether  apprMachin;;  t  Irom  I  li»' southward  or  west  ward,  I'oini  l.oma  is  lirst 
raised  as  ,.  II. it  topped  i>l,ind.  .iml  e\eii  when  well  up  with  it  this  i.soiated  he.idland  si  .mils  out 
.sharpis   delined.  Iiecanse    the    e,,unll\    l.eliind    II     IS    eoiNpai.ltl\el\    liiw.       It     1-    the  >onllieili   pill   ol 

the  western  liouiidai>  of  S.m  Ihe^'n  |;a>  .md  the  tciminalion  .,1  a  lein.ii  k.dde  ii.ii  row  spin  ol 
ciiar-e,  crumlilin-  sandstopc.  w  Imh  rises  south  of  Piieitu  I'al-o.  m  I'.iU,.  |;,iy,  .md  west. if  the 
Ita.v  of  San  l>ie';o.  t.i  the  hei-ht  ,,f  ihree  hnndie.l  |e.  i  :  alter  siietihin;,'  south  forahoiit  live  and 
a  h.ill  miles.  ;,'i(diiall.\  mcieasint.'  in  hei^;ht  !,>  Lmr  himdrcd  and  tifl\  seven  feet,  it  termin.ites 
al.riiplls  on  its  se  i  lace  aliivast  the  liar  at  the  eiitr.mce  to  the  lia\.  It  is  covered  w  it  h  eoaisf 
;,'rass.  cadi,  wild  sa;,'e.  and  low  liushes. 

The  Itay  of  San  IHej;..  lie.,  to  the  eastward  of  the  rid;,'e  of  point  l.oma.  with  the  entrance 
in(nstin;;iiis|iaMe  until  close  up  with  it. 

Ne.vt  to  San  I'lanciseo,  no  harlioi  on  the  Paciiic  coast  of  thf  rniled  States  a|iproacli«>s  in  exc«'I 
lence  that  of  San  Dieno.  The  marks  for  distiii;;uHhin;;  it  areipiile  notalde;  there  are  no  out  Is  in;: 
«laii},'ers;    the  enti.ii is  easily  apiintachcd  ;   lie.iv.v   .southeast   Htoriii.s  are  uuusu.il;  and  twriitv 


Iiiiiii    li>    Sir 
that   to  til*' 

n<A. 

US',  to  I'oillf 
lllllillril  atlil 
A  I  ;,'ii(llii  til 
inidi'i'il  inid 
IS,  «  iih  tliti 
mil'  IS  ZV, 
^'  liiiiiilii)|(lt 
mil,, I  Ithn, 


till'  ('(ii'iiiijt' 

Sliai  |i  I'.ak. 

.  siri'irliiii;; 

"I'll   ri'ini' 

K'o  ami  till' 
l.v  N.  H  N.) 
la  li;.-lit.     It 

S     1 1 1    I  1 1 1 '    1 1 P  w 

l'llt\  ll'I't  III 
lulll'll  \  nil-* 
ili'ti-nillliril 


ID'  null'  I'.i^i 

>i'a. 

I'Ni'li  mill's  ; 

illu'c  Ik  S.iii 

■  I    till'  ).'iiat 


oma  is  ilrst 
I  si. mils  iiiit 
urn  |iai  t  nl 

IIP«  s|llM  III 
Wist   III     till' 

ml  li\  I'  ami 

Irrmiii.itt'Fi 

vv  It  li  <'iiai'Hi< 

I Illiaiiri" 

ICM  ill  t'Xrcl 
III)  oiiIIn  in;; 
mil   twenty 


-•^'JV» 


■  >     liilMJ 


w 


I'AI  IIIC    ('i)\sl     I'll, III'. 


17 


licl  uf  w.ili  I  (111  111'  (•  mini  ciM'i  till'  l>.ir.  iIm'  ell  iiiii  ■!  .iriu>-i  wliicli  is  wi'll  hiii(\ci|.  Tln'li'  is  less 
i;im,  111.:.  IliirU  li.i/c,  .iii'l  liloii'  c'l'ir  vM'.illicr  in  lliis  si'i'limi  nl'  llii'  co.i^l  llniti  iil  ,ill  |iiiiiits  la  llic 
liiMlllM.inl.  .lliil  llir  ;i|>|ilii.li'lli's  ;il'i'  liiiii'i'  ii':i(|il>   ills)  lli;:ili-<lii'>l  nil  iImI   mi'i'diiiiI. 

r.iil'iist  I'liiiil.'—i  III  till'  casti'iii  sicji-  lit  I'lPiiit  1,11111. 1  riil;:i'.  :it  mic  miiiI  iiiiri|ii,iilt'r  unit's  trmii 
till-  Miillliclll  ('\lliliill  \  .  llirif  is  ;l  low,  IIMI  ictu  .  Iiiiw  Mcr  |iiillll.  slnti'liili;;  nlir  tlliril  nl'  ;i  null-  In 
lllf  III  >l  ill  lli'l  tllt'.lsl  V\  Ml'il,  :lllil  liil'llllll^'  M   ll;ll  lll.ll   lili'.lUu  ,lli'l    III!   I  III-  I II I  It  I'd  II II I  ii!°  I  he  liil\  .       This  is 

r..ill,isi  r.)iiii,  Iniiiiiiii:  lllf  wi'st  siili' (if  tl iiiiMiHc  to  llic  liii.N.     Ill   I  >('('('iiilirr.  |s>."i,  iliiTc  were 

two  lai;;*'  wIllIc  one  slol'S  IhHIncs  :iI  IIic  dllli'l  cihI  nl  llic  ixillit.  I\M>  dllicis  at  tlir  llillcl  ji.ll't  III'  it, 
11 11(1  SI  \  III'  SI' \  I'll  nllicis  nil  I  111'  I  ISC  (>l  till'  ;^  I  nil  In  1  lllslilc  tile  |  ml  lit  at  t  Wi'lllV  nl  t  llil  I  \  I'l  ft  aliiiM'  I  llf 
U>\  (I   nl    till'    lia\  .        it    IS   |i|  njiol'll   to  |ll  ICC    a    1 1;:  lit    llnllsl'  nil    tins    |ln|l||. 

/iiiiiifii  I'liiiit.  —  I  )ii'ci  tly  alurast  and  iinrllicast  nt'  llallast  rniiit,  at  a  ilistaiicc  nT  niic  (|iiai  tcr 
nl' a  mill'.  tlii'K  is  a  Inw  sjndy  |iniiii,  wlndi  is  tlic  vvoicin  cMiciiiity  nl'  tlic  Inw  sainly  slinir  tlial 
swccjis  cast  w  aid  Inl  I  «  n  nr  three  miles  ami  llicii  siiiitli(M--t  \\  aid  Inl  si\  nr  se\  cii  iiiile^.  I'l  Hill  in;;  the 
(II  ('  III  linilMll.liy  III  till  l'>a\  nl  Sail  |lle;:(i.  The  ell  t  IMIiee  ti  >  t  lie  lia\  isliehscell  Kalla--t  rnllltaiiil 
this  n|i|insile  low  |in||||,  «  llicll   lias  lieell   liailleil   /lllll'^a    I'nillt   I'nr  relerelice. 

I'liiiii  I'lallast  i'nillt  the  lia\   iiiiis  nnilli   li\   wc^t  I'm  aliiiit  a  mile  ami  a  hall':   tlieiice  it  ciirxcs 

(;ia(lliall>  to  the  e.lstW  ,11(1  tnl-  three  miles  In  San  1  »le;;n  ,  Inlliiel  ly  New  S.in  l)le;:iP  :  Ihi'liee  smith- 
cast  S('\  I'll  miles  tn  Nal  inn,il  ('it\   a  I II I  t  he  111 '1.1  nl'  I  he  lia\ . 

'I'lie  eastein  >i(le  nt  the  enliaiei'  In  Sj'i  iMei^n  I'.av  is  low  ami  It  at.  lieiii,'  at  its  lii;;Iies|  |iniiit 
(Hll\  t\M'Mt,\'  Inlll  leet  aliin  e  llie  .sea.  It  l>  i  n  ereil  wit  h  tlliek  luilsli  ami  ;:r.iss.  It  is  I  he  mil  til- 
westein  evpamleil  p.irt  nl'  the  Imi::,  ln,\  |)i'ii:iisii!a  fniiiiiiii;  the  oee.ui  hmiml.iis  nt'  the  li.iy  tmvaiils 
the  snillhuest.  This  |i.llt  is  .ilimil  llilee  liiile.^  Iiiiil;  aihl  niic  aibl  a  h  ill'  llilli'S  Whle.  li  llinuili;,' 
.Sl|(|(lenl\  In  less  lliill  .1  li'imll'i'il  y.ir.ls  in  jiLiees  heliei'  tn  tile  lie  I'l  nt'  the  liiy.  'I'llls  e\|iaml('<i 
]>arl  (if  the  |ieiiiiiMila  is  IncilK  eilleil   '•  I'lie  isl ami."  altlinni;li   imt  aetn.illy  cut  ntV,  ami  its  iinrth- 

l'l'nilln>I    pmiil    :ii-i,|,.  l  he  lii\    i^  n.iliieil    I'linLl  ile  San    I'.nIcV  .111.      The    nee.lll  shnic  nf   liie  tiailnUCst 

pail  Is  ealh'il   "Ciol.!   r.ia\.i""  mi  nhl  .Spanish  eh. 11  Is. 

'I'lie  e.istei  11  jiail  nl'  lhi->  islaml   has  liecii    l.ijil   niit    as   a    tiuvn,  nameil  ('"inniidn  Umili,  ami  a 
lar;j«' lintel  li.is  Ihim  Imilt  iie.ir  the  niiter  lieaeh,  in  a  posit  Hill  liearin;:  aliiinsi  ('\aell\  east  iinitheasi, 
tlislant  tliice   iml  a  ipi.iiii  i-  miles  irmn  the  li-lit  liniise.     This  i>  ;i  ^nnd  l.iiiilm.iik  I'nr  small  sleaai 
«'l'.s  trnlii  llie  smii  hvN.iiil   I'nllnu  iiil;  the  slinre  line  in  lliii  k,  h.i/\    VMa'hei. 

I'lie  liK  li  1^  ilie  ippi'.ii.iiice  nl  all  extensive  limU  nf  w.iter.  lint    the  j:i'eater  part  i>t'  the  .iica 

ll.is  l('..s  I  JLUi  t  hi  11    lal  linlil>.  ami  e>| illl\     heynml    the    tnuii    nl'Sili    Uie^'n.  where    I'niir  li  If  lis  nf 

tile  area  li.i>  Nsn  ih  111  ten  fiei  11  wati-r.  Thrnau'h  tiie  l>iy  there  i-  ,1  tin  tn  ihiee  f.itlmm  1  li.iiiiiel 
fleail>  tn  the  head,  .Mill  a  Vel  a;.'lli:;  nlie  ijiLll  ler  nf  a  lliih'  lliwnllh.  'I'lie  tld.ll  are.l  nf  I  he  li,l\  is 
Ic.s.s  ill. Ill  luelity  live  sipiaie  liiilcs. 

'i'lie  Siiii  Ihiiin  1,'ini-  fnliii('il\  cnteliii  the  nnltlii'lllllinsl  par!  >'\'  the  li.l\.  aliiilil  three  miles 
linrlh  Irniii  i!il!ist  i'nint.  ami  .iliicisi  nf  tlh'  old  Imvii  .unl  presidin  nf  .S.in  Kieu".  ( >iie  mile 
inside  <i(  I  la  1 1,1 -t  rniiil ,  and  mi  tin'  same  side  of  the  li.i\ .  is  t  he  site  nl'  t  he  old  scltleimnt  1.  a  I'l,i.\  ,i 
(The  r.earli  .  There  were  lin  hmivo  up. mi  iI  111  IS^I.  r.rsniid  I. a  l'l,l>,l.  Ill  llie  limlhelli  iill\e 
nt    the  -hnre.  lie  e\l('llsi\i'  slin.ils  Inlliied   li\    llie  •>  Hid  and  seilllliellt    t'nriliellv    lMnll;^llt   dnWII   li\    liie 

luei.     (>ii  the  n'd  Spanish  eharts-  the  lucr  is  shnvx-i  a-,  emi'tsiii;:  iiitn  this  lia\,  Imt  at  ,111  earlier, 

aild.lUn.it  ;|  I, ltd,  perind  it  mii^t  ll.ive  ellteiid  i'llelln  i'.iNn.  lire  i  il^-e  the  filler  Ills  evidently 
heell  lie,ii'i\  tilled  lipliN  It.  i'lie  w.iteisnf  the  liver  entered  Illtn  I'llse  I'.ay  liet'nie  js.l.'i,  liecailse 
ill  iImI  \  e.ir  t  lie  iiv  el  eliair^ed  it~  emilse  ami  elilpt  ied  ililn  Sail  l'iei;n  Uay.  .Sev  cr.ll  .Ipprnpl  i.l- 
tlnll^  ll.lVe  lieeli  m.lilr  liv  <'nil^reN>  In  Illlll  .lllil  keep  the  eli.iniiel  nl'  I  he  llVel  tn  its  nrii;lli,il  lied 
illtn   i  ,lise   i'.,iv  . 

'/.Hui'i'i  N'/('ii//.j— Oiiivide  llf  l',ill,t~'   rmiii,  alirea^t  the  e,t.,teni  side  nf   1' I  I  .■una  and  parallel 

theieu  ilh,  at  the  (list, I  nee  nf  luu  :  liii.N  nl  a  mile.  l-~  I  lie  Ursti  ill  eili;e  "f  I  Ile  /ii  111^,1  ,Shnal,  vv  liirli 
makes  niit  line  and  a  hall'  miles  vmnh  liv  ea-.i  S.  Iiv  i;  irnm  /.niii-a  I'miit  In  three  t'athnins  nf 
W,ller.       T'nr  mile  lh(  re  In  si\    feet   and    le^.<  uf    w  .Iter    nil     II.  .mil     111     I'.Ul     there    IS    . I   li. lie   patch 

I'll  II I  1  ,li'  I,  II 1  nil.., ^,  III    pinil;i  li,.  Ins  innj.niiis  ,,r  S|,.miisIi  .li  UN.     i>m  \'.iii.  .niMi's  rli.iii .  I'uiila  ilr  linn  aims, 

:il'l>  1    il:ill  \  lll|ilr.      I   alili'llt   itH.-nn  i    ills  ll    ||||.   |',,|lll   of    l.ll^i     I'clililrs 

I  !lali.viii|ilc's  coin  ol   .S|i.iiimIi  rliarls  llf   IT-.'.  |im1.ImIi.i1  IT-'.I;    Mini,.,!   \,\    \'.iii,iim\  ,  i .  tT'.l'J. 

;  Niiiiii'il  liv  \\f.v. 1  IK  Ii'ili'.'      linn  Caspar  ilc  /.iiiiii;:i,  Ciniiii  ili    Mnni.r.'v .  ilis|ialiliiil   lln-  r\|icilitiiiii,     On  Van- 

iMiiMi'i  ilialt  il  is  I  alli'il  lliirii"  d,'  /iinii;.i  ;  in  Ins  ii.nriliM-.  It.irnH  dr  /,iM.iiij;a.  li.ili.Miiiilc'i  nkctili  (,17-x''  I'lilU  llu- 
Kill  1.1 1  It.in.s  ,!,■  /.iuiil;.!.     I  '.ilm  r  i  lliii'iin  lirsi  r.iiU  il  Zuiii:;.i. 

ITJIl    I'  ('         1; 


;4^ 


IS 


P\(  IKIC    ti>V>l     I'll.Kl'. 


vi.Mi.l.' ;il  low  w.it.r.  Iiixa  inilc  In.' hi  ,il  iH  1.im'.,ii  thr  >1miiv  nl"  Hi.'  |.riiiiiMil.i,  ii.irnivMnv'  I.» 
„ii..|liinl  of  .1  mil.  ,il.iv.i>I  llif  .•Mivmity  ..C  I'oi.il  Lon.i.  I'lii'*  ;:i.mI  .-..iiol  luiik  m  .Io,iI.||,.>s 
loiinrtl  1>.\  111.' M'iM.  Ill  ol  til.'  IP  it.r..il  iroiii  lli-  mii.I>   xlior-  tii  il  li.'s  l.»  Hm'  H.iitliwiii.l.      I'll.' 

llUcst  l'\ailllll,lll..ll>  lli.ll.'.ll.'  llMt  llllS«il.»,ll  1^  I'.'IIU'  lollll.'.l  lillllo'l  to  III.'  >oiilli».il.l,  A  N«,|-ll 
rlliliilU'l.  h.lMiiC  sl\  lot  of  M-.it.T  III  It.  li.'si'l.iM'  .iloil;;  tin'  Im'.hIi  «  hen.'.'  Iln'  nIumI  |M..|i'.  Is. 

Til'  l:,ir  III' s.ni  !>!<:><•  /.'i.i/. —  I'lu'  l>.ii  .it  tlu' ciitniii.  c  l.>s.iii  l>i.-..  I!.i.\  \*  lorin.'.l  l>>  ili.'  iiio\. 
mi'iii  ol   til.' i.iil  .if  111.'   /.iiiiica  !>lio.il   low.iiiK  III.'  .'xiri'iiiiiN    ..r  I'oiiil    I.oiii.t.     Wiiliiii  IIk' I'.im 
t'.iilioiii  I'll  I  \.'  I!  i>  .1  ii.iiii'«  ii>l.i;.'.'r>iii<l  oiH-  .lull  til  .It  ,1  mil.'  Ill  In. '.I.  I  111  ami  li.ill'  a  iiiilf  l.'iii,'.  I.mhu 
iioillivv.-.|  au.l.Noiitlii'.i^l.     Til.'  nil. I. Ill' of  I  lie  l..ir  Ii.'s.m,!  ..i>.'  .|ii,irl.'r  ^onili  J".  I  S.i  I  hi.'.'  i|ii,iii.  r. 
t'\'  II  mill-  li'iii  ill.'  <  \ti.  iiiit.\  of  I'oiiil    l..iiiia.  soiiilica-t    li\  .•.i'>l   li  ilf  t-asl   iSI',.  li\   I',.  \  I'..)  a  liltl.' 

HI. .IV  111. Ill  tin I'l.u'ii-  of  a  mil.'  iVoai  lli.'  Ii-lii.  iml  in  r.iii^'t'  «iili  lli>' t'Mi.'iint.v  "f  I'-allast  rumi 

aii.l  I,a  ri.i.v.i.  .111.' .iml  "II.- Iliir.l  mil. 's  from  til.'  I'll r.     it  is  .il.uiu  tln.'f  Imii-li.  .|  \.ii.l>  .i.  io-'>  on 

a  Iioitli  .'..iii^.'  I'.'iwci  :i  111.'  f.'iii-  f.itlioiii  lull's,  ami  Hv.'iilv  IV.  t  ..f  «.it.r  ciii  1..'  .-.iiih'.!  .iv.i  il.  'I'lic 
siiivcMs  of  |s.m;  .iml  ls:>  iii.li.Mtc  ili.it  an  a|i|.i.i'ial.li' .i.'.i.'a-i' li.i.l  t.ik.ii  |i!.».'.'  in  tin'  <li'|illi  of 
water  on  111.' I..ir.  Tli.T.' li.ni  not  l..'cii  an>  iI.tici'M' li«'t«.'<'ii  IT'.'-,  w  Inn  \  .iin-oii\  .i  .•\.iniin..l  il. 
ami  1  s.".  1  - '."iri.  w  Ihmi  till'  .Icjilli  "as  t«i'iit\  tvvo  fi'cl. 

Stilt  l>i,,iii  I;. It-. — it  lo  it'iMiiicij  as  till'  (  \|i('iii'n.'f  ..l  lli.'  st..iiii  s|ii|i  c.ii.i.iiiin  mi  iln-,  m  i>i  ili.it 
til.' li.ir  .il  Sill  I)ii'uov.i\  i.iii'l\  l.if.iks.  t(n!\  oin'  ..•■->■  li.nl  I'.-.'ii  inol.'  kiimvii  to  iin  luiuir  ||ir 
ln'a\y  Willi.  1. if  l^s<>  ■■.!•,  uiiiii  It  I.mI,.' .>f\  .T.il  liiii.'>.  This  iii.i>  li.iv.-  I.e.  n  in  |i.iil  i.wiii;;  In  tlu' 
1,1. t  iliat  till'  Mil  "\  lilt'  ^'iiai  kil|ili.'l.l  was  torn  awa\,  leas  in.i,'  tli.'  I'.it'ilir  swell  fi'.'t'  iii.»\-.'iiiriit  lo 
til.'  liar. 

K'lji  'I 'III  Ihiiiiit  I  •<. —  Til.'  ;;i.'.il  I'.i'nji.irt  li.-l'l  of  k.'li>  \\ni,i  ..n.-  to  on.-  .iml  .i  li  ilf  iiiil.s  nil  tlif 
west.  I II  nIiom'  Ilf  I 'mil  I  l.oma  out  to  liiici  n  I.illionis  of  w.itfr.  .imi  ^Ii.'t.liiiiu  t  ""  mil.'>  smitli  ol  I  In' 
|>iiiiil.  is  a  s.if.'  ;,'niilr  in  tin-  iia\  i.'.itor  in  iliick  wcatlicr  in  .liijiroailiiiiv'  ^an  l>n'uo  lioin  tli.'  n.ii  ih. 
'I'll.'  .liMilli  of  \\  al.'r  on  ;ls  nuii-r  cL'i'  is  lifi.-t'ii  f.illioisis  ii.  iln-  tail.      Tlii'i'i'  is  .i  n.ii  i.nx   I.iim  n|'  ii|n  n 

U.ll.'l    1m-I  w  f(!i  till'  ill  mi   I'd  jf  Ilf  this  kt'Iji  aihl  I  in'  ^liolc.    ,\  It  II   lull  I    m    li\r  1. 1 1  il  1 11 1 1  ■>  ill. SI'  .lliiliu   I  111- 

t'.l;;.',  liiit  with  'uii  i(|Miii.'.l  .i  111:;.!  N.  riii(iii_'|ii.iii  till-  wliiili'  liflil  III)  known  (l.iii;.'.'r-  cmnI.  .iihI 
tilt' ili'Iiili  i.thui--  li'i'ii  l>iiiit.'.:i  to  fiiiir  falhiiMis.     liisiw.nil  nf  I'miit    l.om.i  aii.l  al.ri'.i-I    Ilif  low 

s.lll.l\    >llolf   ilicl.-  1>   llci  krl|i   W  ll.lii'\  I'l'. 

h'l'ji. — Cilil.la  ilis.iili.s  til.'  j;ii:il  li.iiik  .11  link  Wi'f.l  wliicli  \i'ss(|.s  |i.is>f(l  tllloil;;li  with 
twihr  to  linn  tti'll    f.llliom-.  ol'   w.ilci,       in    the    >torill'  <i'    the  W  llllci   i.f    |ssS   ■-«•.•    tills    ;;if,lt     lii'lil  ol 

k.'l|i  u,is  riim|i|iif!\  tmii  ,iw.i\. 

\iir  Ih'iii  /.■•"',. —  111.' San  Mii'^o  [.ilot.s  rt'|.(ii  t  ilir  t  M-tcnct' of  .i  |>inn.i-li' m  Ii.ini.iii'I  nirk.tin 
or  lui'lvf  liM't  nil. I. 'I  w.itcr,  ami  In.'akin^'  in  .i  in.iii.'i.il.'  w.'sti-rlv  sw.-ll.  It  !!.•■,  alinit  li.ilf  .i  milr 
oil  till'  ".•■.i.Mi  sli.i;.  Ilf  I'miii  l.i.iii.t  in'iiiiisiila.  iiisl  iiisiijc  Iln-  u'r.'.it  ki'l|i  lifM.  in  the  l.iiit' ol  ii|i.ii 
w.iici.  ,iii.l  lui)  iiiilcs  ii.ii!li\>c-t    \  \\ .    from  till'  lii^lit. 

t>:i  Uii'  ill. lit  thcif  .111'  l:o  ,si.||li.llll^s  In  in. 111. Ill-  III.'  .Iinmi.  llir  1i.mi.sI  miiiimIiII;;  111  ill.' 
assl;.'lli'il  liM'.ility  li.'iii;;  s|\  alul  tilt..' i|ii.tl  li'ls  l.il  Imms  ju  ih,'  kil|ili.'lil  .il.'  sdiinilin^^s  nt  Inin 
f.itlioiiis.  w  ih  ih'c|i('r  w.ii.'i  aiiiniiil. 

Oil  a   |i!liiIiilllho;;|.||.li  .li.iM  .i|    .'^ui  I  »ii  -n  I'.  IV.  nil  .1  s,'.||,'  nt    nlic  I  w  .'11 ; ',     I  In  iiis.ilnlt  11.  |ss||,.||   |i\ 

ill.' I  11, 1st  ami  C. U'lii' Siii\i'\  in  Issii.  ;|,,    iLiinc   \cu    ||o|,i'   I;,.,  k,  is  ,i|i|i|ii'.|  t.i  m  n  rl.  \  in  i.-ci 

liiijil's  1>  in:;  >»  ilhiii  till'  tliti'f  fitlioiii  iiii\i'  thii'i' i|ii.iil('i  -  .>l  .1  mill'  w.'sl  li\  nniih  timn  I'mnt 
Loin. I  l.i^Ki. 

.1  /(/•',(/,  h.i.s  Im'.'Ii  r.'|ii.ii.i|  insi  jiisnlc  th,'  1,,'||,  ami  K.-.tiiii;;  alionl  ufst  thn-i' .|ii.ni.'i  s  s.nitli 
i\\  .  ;  S.  ..Ill'  ami  nin- i|ii.iii,  I  iiiili  s  Ir.nii  ill.'  Ii^jht.  I'li.'  rock  has  imi  Ih.'ii  IimiihI.  Imi  ii  i,';;ii!.ii 
lot  k\  1. 1  III  I  nil.  uitli  !«,,  Miliums  less  w.itcrtli.in  ih.-cliaii  k'iv.s.  has  hciii  .lis,  ,,\  ri.'.l.     ,  .\  pi  il,  I  si  I. 

/;.'/,',/>/  r„n,t  .sl,i.,il.~.\u.[  iiisi.l,.  nt  l;^,!!.,.!  I'.iinl.  ami  .iiiiiiil  t«..  hiimlivil  >  .ii.ls  n..i  I  hwrsi  l.\ 
noiih    N\\  .  I.\   N. ,  fmin  il.  tlnii'  k  th.'  .s..iitli.Mi  t.iil  i,f  a  Imi;;.  nain.vv.  nirMii-  hln.al  wlm  h  mi  n 

in.  s  Ih.'  iiiiiMI.'  ,.f  tii,    w.ili'i  u.iv   h.m.'i'M  th.'  .'.istrrti  shmi'  .a  th.-  I.niii.i  ami  ihr  wi'si,  in  s] ■  .unl 

low  watir  1,111' iiftlir  ..limi.  This  sin, .iMs  .iImuiI  twohnmluil  \aiils  wi.i.  .  imis  ali.iiit  mnt  hw  ai.l 
(or  Iliii'i'  i"i-|iij|s  ,,t  .,  iihI.  .  .iml  ihi'ii  .'iirv.s  sharplv  t.i  ih.-  .mrth  l.\  .-.isl.  will,  .,  s|,,,n,'  lihIi'Iu'v 
tostivfi'h  oM-ramI  ioin  with  III,' shnal  li.ink  mi  t  lir  I'.isnm  s„|,.  ,,t  tin-  Im\  .ii  this  |>I.i,'.'.  rh.i.' 
is  as  litti,.  as  f.^,  I'  ,.  I,.,  I  ,,f  u.,,,.,.  ,„..,,.  ,|„.  |,|„,^_  ,,,,1  .,,  ^,  ,|,,|,,  ,,,^.|.  i^^^i,  ^  |_^||^.  i^^^ii,^  ii.nlh.'.ist 
friiiii  li.ill. i.si  |',„ni  tlii',l..,'i„.st  wal.'ris  luiiml  amiss  th,.  shiul.     Tli.'.hari  -u.s  Iwrntx  f.nn  L.t. 

Ih--  'lf.'|i  w.iti'r.h.ihml  Is  ImIwi'.'ii  this  slm.il  ..mi  ii„'  I'mm  I ,  .l,,,,,.,      rhm,.  is'a  .l.'iitli  i,| 

.'li'v.-n  l.ithmiis  Ih'Iwi',.,,  it  .,,,,1  r,„i,t  I.I, in. ..ami  inn.- .iml  s,'\  ,'i,  f.ithmiis  l„'i  «,...;,  ,i  .u,,!  I  h.' u  ,'si,.rii 
shmi'.     l;ui  Ihr  ili.iii-,' Ilf  ill, ,','iion,.f  this. hanm'l.in.iiml  lialla.st  |'„ii,i  is  so  Hhort  ami  shiiij.  ami 


1 


i'.\(  iric  iM\>r   riinr. 


19 


.11  I'llW  111^'  to 
^  ilmllillfsM 
Willil.  Tin' 
1.  A  sw.lsll 
"jet  Is. 

)_\   I  lie  lilitN  r 
nil   till'  liiiil 
!■  lull:;.  1,\  III:; 
Ici'  i|il.ll  lcr«. 

A  i:.)  A  iiitii- 

.iII.InI  I'iiiiiI 
lis  .ii'rii«>  nil 

\.l    It,       'I'lir 

ill-  (ll'lllll  111' 
/xaiiiiiii'il  II. 

I«.  ri>:l.>«l  tli.il 

!■>   lll'llill'    tllf 

i\\  in;;  I"  llir 
hi\  iiiiiiit   111 

lull's  nil  I  III' 
MMII  ll    III     I  III' 

II  llir  lim  I  h. 

I. nil'  III'  i>|i(  II 

M-  ailing  I  111' 
•s  cMsi.  aiiil 

■,ist      III.'     IllU 

iiiil-li  null 
real   liilil  m 

ii't  loi'K.  ll  II 

ii.iir  .1  iiiiii- 

nit'  III   ii|M'ii 

ilill;;    III    llii' 

ll    >  111   lour 

1.  i^^iii'il  li\ 
i'li'\  I'll  li'it 

llulll    I'lHIll 


1  111  s    Mllll  ll 
i      II   ll'l^lll.ll 

pill,  i^:i.> 

I  I  ll  U  I'sl     ll\ 
llll  ll    nil   II 

I  -Imi  I'  .ilnl 
ll  I  liVN  aid 
^  Irllill'lirV 
riii'lv 
I  iml  I  lir.ist 
\  I'liiir  ll  I'l. 
;i  ili'|illi  III 
III'  w  I'slrl  II 

sliai  |i  ami 


till-  ••iirrciits  Hi>  stiiMi;;  III, 11  M'ssi'ls  ran  mil  iisr  this  iImiiiicI.  Tins  slmal  lias  hJai'U  hiiov  No.  I  ii|m)Ii 
its  shitali'si  jiarl. 

iiisiijcdr  I'.allast  I'niiil  Sliiial  iIhti'  is  iih  i|  iii^'ir,  Iml  a  ra|iital  ili  iiiml.  will  liimNcil  mit   Cur 

III!'  ni'\t   scM'ii  HI  i'i;;lil   mill's, 

M  iiu    ili.iiiui's   an-   liiiii;,'   iiiaili'  in    llif    u  li.n  I'.i-i'   nl'   S.in    l>ii'u'i'   ami    ol'   Nalnuial   Cjiy,  and 

(itJH'i    iiii|iiii  l.iiii    aililiiimis  ai- tnl('iii|il.iiril.      A    Ini'.il   kiiuw  li'du'f   "I    'li'"  ditli'ii'iil    uli.irvi's  nr 

till' siT\  ii'i's  nr  ,1  |iiliil  is  iii'i'drd  III  iiin  |u  ,1  licitli.  'I'Ih'  «  liarv  •'•*  lia\  (•  luiii  |il,nilicd  In  mil  out  to 
tvM'lllV  six  I'ct'f  nl   vv.lli'l    al    till'  liiuisl    Inlrs. 

At  till'  11,11  iiivKi'si  |i,iri  ot  till'  rli.niiii'l  o|i|iosi|«'  ,S,ni  I>it';:ii  a  wli.nf  lias  liri'li  I'olisti  iii'lcd  on 
tilt'  <<oi|tli('l'ii  or  I  ol'oiiadit  i'lracli  .slioi'i'  I'oi   li'i'i  \   |iiii'|ios('s. 

I'OIN  I     I.dM  \    Miill  I    Mill  SK. 

Tins  pi'imarv  .scacoast  li^'lit  is  Irs^  ili.ni  li  ill'  a  iinli'  I'lom  iln-  sniiilirrn  fiid  of  tlii"  poiiit  and 
Nitiiatril  il|ion  lis  lii;;lii'.s|  |i,ii  I ,  tiHM'  Iniiiilii'ij  .imi  I  w  I'lil  \  Imir  li'i'l  .iliiiv  i'  I  In' si'.i.  'I'lii'  luiililiii;; 
coiisisi.s  III  ,1  slum'  ilwi'lliii;,'  111'  oiii'  ami  I  li.iir  simii'^,  u  iili  a  \n\\  rmiml  lowi'i-  nf  jiLisli'inl  In  ick, 
risiii;;  si\  I'l'i't  aliiiM'  tin-  idoI  In  tlic  liasc  ol'  tlir  lanli-rn.  'llir  Incal  iilain-  ol  ihr  li^lit  is  iniir  liiiii' 
dii'il  ami  si\iy  I  wo  I'l'i'i  aiio\  I'  the  si 'a,  'I'ln-  li;:lit  is  ol  I  lit'  I  Ini  d  nidi'i  nl  I''ii'siu'l,  ihishiiKj  rul  nml 
irliili,  iilii  mill'  III.  lit  inl'iidls  oi  I  inninii ,  I'vlnliiicd  isinii'  Num  iiiliiT  I'l,  I  s.",."i  I'lnm  sunset  to 
siimisf,  iiiid  illiiininalcs  \\\v  fiiiin'  linn/nn.  W'lu'ii  a  vcssrl  is  in  tin'  I'lianinl  niilsiili' of  I'Lillast 
I'oiiil  sill'  ilni's  lint  si-f  till'  lull  liri:;lilm'ss  nt  till'  li.u'lit  nil  iin-oiiiil  o|'  i|,s  lii'i;^lit  and  iicai  iir.ss. 
In  I'll'. II   ui'.illiii   ll  >liiinli|  III'  visiMi'  iimii  ,i  lui-lit  nl' — 

III  ll  ll  .iliiivr  till'  s.  a,  al  ,1  ilisl.iinT  nf  •.'-;!  iiillfs 

■,'ii  r.'i'l  iiliuM'  III.'  w.'i.  al  a  ilislai I'  '.".I."  tiiili's. 

;iii  r.i'l  aliiivi-  till'  Hi'i,  al  a  ilMlaiiri'  iil'  a'l.'.l  iiiil.'H. 

t'.'i  f.-.'t  al..n..  III.'  Ni',1.  al  i  iJHl.iiii.'  ul'  I!:!..',  nnl.w. 

'I'lif  ;;i'o;;i.ni|iii'al  |iiisiiion  of  llir   li;lil  liiiii>i  ,  ,is  di'Iri'inini'il    li\  lln'  [' .  .">.  Cnast  ,ind  ( icndt'lit'. 

SlilM'>  .  is: 

l.,iiiMi.li' :;•.'      Ill     |:i  .:..'.  iiiii III 

l,iiMuiiiiili' 117      II     ;::    -iw.-st. 

I  >r.  in  Inn.- 7        1-       .'.-', 

'I'lif  iii.i;,Mii't  If  \aiialiiiii  \\.is  l.r  U'l  i'a>l  in  l^^'i,  with  a  \i'.iil_\  ini'irax'  of  \  .'>.  Tlif  v.irialioii 
ol  lln- r.iiii|i,is>  u  ill  I  I'ai'li  lis  i',isli'rlN   ni.iMiiiiini  aliniit   ls;i,"(. 

I'lmii  lilt'  li;;lil  we  have  llif  rnllnwinu  lif.nin^s  and  dist.ini'i's  to  |irouiiiii'iit  oliji't'ts; 


I. us  C.iii'iia'l.is,  ,'<..iiili.  Ill  Nli'l , 
rmiil    I. a  Siiiii        

r.illll    ri'lllllll   l.i;;lll    liiillsr 


. .  .■<    1.1      r.       iiisi  III. . .  i:.  iii.ii's. 

..    N     |i  1     W.         hislatii'.',  Tl  null's 
..    N    .".I       W  Iiiilaiii'.-.  HI  null's 


ll  mil  till'  li;:litliiiiisi'  I  III-  jslniiU  nl  .'>.ni!a  ( ',it,iliiia.  sfvi'iily  iiiilis  disiaiit,  and  .S,ni  <  'li'intiitf, 
liri>  t'i;;lil  null's  ilui am,  air  ili-linrlls   \  isiMu  in  rli'.n   w  i.n  Iht, 

'llll'  l'ji;;llsli  .Vdiiiir.lll.v  I'll, 111  No.  L'ltil,  Willi  tni  it'fl  lulls  to  .Maiili,  I  "sti.'i,  lias  tilt'  I'nilit  I.olllil 
l.ijilit  i'rioin'ous|\  loi'alfd  nil  l'',ilsi'  I'niiil,  alioiii  sfVi'ii  iinli'.s  mutliw  ,iril  ol  itstriii'  posiiioii.  In  tlio 
"I.i>;lit  II  'lists  ol  till'  World,"  liy  I'lmll.iv,  Mil's,  il  w  |i|.n'i'il  •' o,  .k    I'udi/  J.oni.i."  r\i-. 

Till-  ll;;llt  lioilsf  oil  Ilic  |;iL;ln'st  |i;nl  of  llif  l.nlii.i  Is  IH'i|iH'iil|\  liiililt  11  l>y  llif  liiuli  loi^.s  wIiimi 
till'  jowt'i'  parts  art'  \  isiMf;  tluTi'toit',  lo  iiiiTiasi'  ilu-  ii-t'lnlnt'ss  nf  tln'  lii;|it  it  lias  lu-fn  ilitfi  inini'd 
hy  I  III-  <  iii\  ('riiiiii'iil  to  pl.ifi'  ll  on  llir  sunt  Ini  n  i'\l  inniiN  nl  I  liu  pmn',  ni'  s\  Imli  dm'  iinln't'  will  In- 
i.ssin  d. 

\V  1'  lia\i'  si't'li  llif  ll',;l|t    wlii'ii    ihi'M'sx,  1   w  .i^  I'l.ur  llllirs  sniil  ll  of    l.os  (Jnl'nn.idns, 

liKAf"N  i,  luiM-'.  \M'  iiiiir.i;  ]>\\  \\\<  Ml  11 1  \ivi;k--,  im;  iiii;  i;Nii;\Nir.  in  .siVN  iMi'.iin 
h\\.  \i;i;  vsiiKii  is  riii:  iii;;ii.i;  is  wiinii  iiu.n  ai;i;  i'\.-<si.ii  \\\  \  i;s.-<i:i.s  i;Nii;i;iNii 
ri;ii\i  .'<i.\, 

Tlir  OiiImiIi  l',it>-  lUinij,  —  'I'liis  is  a  sirotid  rlnsn  irliisti iiiii  hiniji,  pn'nittil  liliick  iiinl  irliili  yiM'/icju/ic- 
uhti  >7m/ii\,  pl.ii'i'd  ill  t'iL;lit,\  si\  I'cft  111'  watt'i,  li.inl  saiiil\  Imtinni,  mar  tlif  smitli  I'ml  nl  thf  kflp- 
(icld,  twii  .lid  ,1  li.ill  mill's  sniilli  nl'  tin'  i'\tn'niit\  of  I'mnl  Lnina,  ln'aiiii^  sniilli  tliifi'  tpiarti'is  I'.ist 
(h,  i'  l''..i  linin  till'  liu'lit  liiinsi'.  Tin'  Colon, nln  Ilnii'l  lu'.ns  nmlli  tliiri,\  dt';;i't'i',s  fast  iN,,'>(t  V..), 
distant  loiii'  and  li  Vf  tiixlit  lis  niilfs.  Tlif  lioiisi>  on  ilu-  oiitiT  t'lnl  of  liallast  Point  is  just  npt-n  iiast 
tllf  snullli',ist    pnilit  III    l.nin.l,  nil    tllf    lillf  nl    I  lit'    lull    liiu»\    ailtl    It'll    lillny.      Tlu' e(lj,'»'  nf  llif    kfl|) 


20 


l'\cin(    ciMNi'  I'li.di'. 


(liK'N  Iii't    <rii'<s   tlic  ciilllNi.       I'll    Ilir   Ili'Xt    l>llii\    (III'   ((ilirsi'    IS    liiillli,    illiil    ill-t;llli'<'    iilir    mikI    li\c 

t'i;;lillis  iiiilr>. 

Till'  \»  lii>iliii^'  \ui<<\  is  XIII  III  In  I  li_\  ilii'  .11- 1  lull  I 'I  1 1  If  «,|>«>H.  mill  III  III  iiiilin.ii.v  -vmII  «  ill  \\  limilc 
al»iiit  t«t'iif\  livi'  or  iliitiy  tiMit'>  |mt  iniiMiif. 

Tlic  hill  '"(.'I/ (i«'|iliiiiii^'  ilii'  .nitiiiiiiilir  "lii-.lliiiy:  liiiiiv  >mi'i'  M;i\  7.  I.SSSi  i.<  |>l.iii'i|  in  scmmi 
ami  0111'  liiiir  r.itliiHiis  III'  \t.iii'i,i>«  I'l  li.it  il.  s,inil\  iHitinin,  nii  iln*  im>Iiiii  i'i|;;)-ot'  I  lie  ukmI  Ki'I|i  ticlil. 
It  is  oiif  anil  mu'.sutli  iiiiii"«  Miirili  ittiiil\  nine  ilf;;ici's  r.iit  >.  L'!i  I'.i  tinin  llif  li;;lii  Ihhim'. 
Frumil  llii' \n>t  taiifTriii  l<i  I'niui  l.niii.i  lii'ai-i  ni'illi  Imtv  ii\t'  ilcj.'ii't'.'*  wrsi  N.  I."i  \V  .  ,  ilist.mi 
NfM'ii  ci^liiliM'l  lUiiilf;  till'  li  II  iiHHN  III  II  111  till  ,1111 1  iiiir  li.ill  ili'xiri'scaot  (N.  I"_^  1'^  .  ilisl.inl  (hf 
liillilli"  iil'.i  Mill':  llir  l.iiyi' liiiti'l  iiii  llii  •■|iniiia<lii  licirli  imiili  riiit\  hi\  i|c;:it'i'<i  imsI  N  |i;  |;.), 
ilio|;iiit  tliiiT  ami  mil- imii'tli  null's.  'Ilii-  Ihion  ainl  ilii'  tttnliai  Innix  ■<  au' in  iaiii;i'.  I'lmii  llii<> 
liiiov  till'  aiitiiiiialii*  wliisllin^:  I'linv  al  tin'  r.iil  <<(  the  Krl|i  tii'lil  In'. its  soiiili,  ilistant  init'  .iinl  Iim' 
^<l.\!ll.'<  liilli'.s. 

Till'  /)(()■ 'ii/'iw  is  I'lM' .simIm  III'  ,1  null'  Miirli  ||||_\  imii'  <lr;.'ii'(''<  i',i»l  |S.  .">!•  V..  limn  tin'  li:,'lit 
Imiisr.  I'luiii  It  till'  .siiiitli  tati;;i  lit  ni  I'i'iiii  l.iiiii.i  lii-ars  iiliiMi.st  rxai'tl.v  u<'«t,  liist.ini  a  litiji'  ii\,t 
li\t'  ('i.:litlisii|'a  111  lie.     Till'  iiiiiri  li.it  liiiii,v  III'  IIS  imrtli  <'i..;Iif  di'-in's  f.isf  (\.  >    I!.  .  (|i>t.iiit  timi'- 

riu'lillisiil  a  null':  tin'  \»  liisiliti;.'  I  mm  niitsulr  lic.ir.s  smiili  im  ami  I'tir  hall' (lc;;i  its  west  (S.  jtM    W'.i, 

ilisiaiit  tl\i'  I'luliilis  ut'  1  null'. 

'Clic  Inii'ihii)    /.«.■/  1,  M'VilMutltlis  ot"  a   tiiili'  .sniilli  I'ijjIitN  (hi'  ili';;ii'i's  cast    (S.  S."  '  (•;. ,  I'liiiii 

till'  Ii;.'litlii>iist'.     I'tmii  !t  111!'  tnnl  riiaiiinl   imiisi'  past  jiallasi   I'nin;  j>  iimtli  twenty  liNe  ainl  ntie- 

halt' iliulePs  UTst    N.  L'.'il     W.    ami   the  |iiiinl   ilistanl   mie  ami   oiieeJ;;lilh   tnili'.s.     'Ilie  li.n    liu,i\ 

beats  smith  el;;hi  ileuiies  «,.>t  (S.  s     \\  .1.  ,|is|aiit  three  eijjhihs  ol  .i  mile. 

I'i'int  l.oni't  l.liiht  .N7i(/)«H.— This  is  a  ilark  uia.v   luttet.  thiil\  live  let  t  lii-h.  Miiiiiiiiiiitrij  lis  a 

reil  latiteiii.  lisMi^' nut  •<(  k(e|ier's  h.iase.  on  ihe  lii:;hesl  |i,iit  of  the  |Miint,  aluiiii  half  a  tnile  Imni 

its  evtreiiiil\.     It  shun  s  a  thif.l  ■•,■,!,,  r„}hl.  llishiivj  red  >vi'l  irlilt,,  iilt,  ,ii,it,  li/,  ,it  nil,  ir.ils  ,,r  j  ,„inuU. 

I'.ill.isi    l',.;Mt   liiMis  li.iiii  It   a,,i:h  \\\<\\,'  ami  niie  halt'  ilejiiec.-*  i-ast  (N.  Vl\     ll.  ,  «1, slant  a  little 

less  than  une  mih-. 


iiti'V   \Mi  i;i  AiiiNs-   111  M\i;i%    iiif    rii\NNi;i.  iNstuK  III'-   svN  iiii;.,(i  i;iv.  \i;i;  \\.;i:ii   in    im; 

"KtUi;    |\    Winril     |ll|;s     AliK    IM.SsKli    is    |Ml,i;iNiJ. 

.\  v""  '"""■.  li.iiiili'il  111  »-./.(/|./  /./,!,/.  hnnziilital  iialiils.  ha,  l„.i  i,  |,l,,reil  |i|st  iiisi.l,.  ,,f  I!  ill.ist 
I'niMt  \u  thiie  ami  .1  liii.iiier  lath.iin.s  ofnai-f.  i.\ei  .samU  liottnm.  I.,  m. irk  Ihe  .s.intl,  ,.n.|  ,,t  the 
Miihlie  (Iriiiitnl  Shoal. 

.\ti,st,l.,..s  ,u,n  /../'.//,  Iia.llli.l   ill  .,,,'  „„,/  /,/,„•/.   hoflZ.illta!  stripes,  put   ,|,,un   in  el-hleen   le.-i   ,,r 

u.iti  r.  iiMT  sin.lv   li.iit mail,s  ;l„.  upper  eml  of  the  Mii.hile  };ront„l  insnl.-  f.all.isi   {•.,ini. 

r.Hnu  \...  l._rins  IS  ,,  V,,, „,,/,/„„,„„  I,,,,.,,,  ,„„„!, d  hl.uk,  „iiml>,ir,l  I.  ami  pi. in. I  n,  rontte.n 
l-el  nt   u  .lenii.  the  I'.all.isi  I',.,nt  Shoal.  «  hose  ,s.,„|  hern   tail   reaehe,  «,tl.in  two  humlie.l  \aiils 

"'   "•'"•'^'  '' f-  '"""  "I"'  I'  "  '"■•"-  miithuest   l.v  tioith.  as  ali.'a.h  ile.s.r j.      |',,,ni  r.iio'v  No 

1  r.alhist  I'l.int  lie.iis  s.Hith.asi  om-  etj.th  .south    .>!•.  i  S...  .lisiani  one.in.irtei  i,r  a  mile. 

'■'""""    '^"-  -•— 'I'li's  Is  a  ,„■,''    /.,,(,, i„,  .n.irnnl  l.;i„  I,.,,  i,„i„lr.l  ,,,l.  numl;,,d  -J.    .ml  pl.i.eil  ,,n 

'"'  '^'^"'"••"'1  >"• ■  'I"   '  iMimil  ..pii.is,,..    I„.  |.|.,ya  in  ten   I'eet  ol   «..„.,•.      r„in.  it   |:.,llast   Pu,,,, 

iMM.s  smith    .me  i,,la,Iir   e.ist     S.    1    K.  ,  ,1,s,.h,I    .,i,e    mile,  ami    |le.,eon    No.    1    s.M.lh    t  hiee  .niart.rs 

"<-'    >.  ;  \\.-..l,s!..„t  .1  litt,,.  „ ,|,a„  three  .,uarieis„t    .    ■i!,..     Afti-r  p,.ssi„^.   I:,,,..,,,  \.,    | 

.t..'ilie,«eeni;,..,o,nsN,„.,, „.,:;.  ami   uhin   ,.pp.is,i,.   ,. ,  ri.     ,  v Is   mas  atiehoi    in  >.m„ 

nine  lalhoiiis  ,,v.  i  h.inl  saml. 

lU.uon  .V...  ;;.-This  is  .,  /,;/,  h„c,m,  r,otn,r.l  I.,,  „  I.-.   ,,.,.;,:l  Uui.  ,nu„h.,:.t  :!   ami  M  „e 

.nnef-to,   u,,„.,.„..,  |,.,:,|  samh    i..„t,.m  on  the  p.nt  ..i    i„.ith   si, f  the   eliaiu,,.).     I',,. 

I-alas,  Imnt   he..,,  s„i,,h  I,,   e..s,     s.i.y   K.;.  .l,s,ai„   .ine  .iml  ..,,.•  litil,   mil,,.  ..,.,1  l;...„-oi,  N,i   ■• 
"'" ■'^'  "^■''  •■'-'""'^  ''^'^t    •■^I'--  :•  H.  .  'listant  I ip.arter  of  a  i,„h'  "       " 

lliMv  the.hanml  -unisv.iv  s,„l.|enU  to  the  east,  ami  eaie  si 1,1   1...  ,,,.,.„  ,..  K..,.p,„  ,„„|. 


Ill 
III  It 


,  1     ,  1    ■ ,.     ,  ,  .  '  •      '  "        I  .1  I*,    II     I  .'     Iv  I'l      I    I    1     I 

.liati  lel  I,    l„.,„„,  ,,.  S..I,  I.H... Nat al  .'„>.  „,llo.,n,  the  I.e,.e„ns.,n  the  starlioaiil  hami 

/-'.'u|  .^,..  l.-lhis,sa/„^<   l.>.,n.„.,,u,n„d  l,„  „  I,.,,  ,„unUd  nd,  n,u,„.,,,.l    I.  ami   pi...., 

n.m     .'..,  „,   «a,erover  har.1  saml.v  l.ottmn  on  the  statlM.ai.l  s„|,'  „r  t .,,,„„..|.      ,,-, ;,  ,,., 

No         leai  s  soi„hw..s,  I.,  „,.„,    SW.  I,y  S...  .Iis,a,„  a   lutle  mote   than   t«,i  ,h„.|s  .,f „e.  . 

-.1.  Ml  N,..  .,s,„ithu,'s!   tl,n....|„ait..|su,.s,  ,S\V.   ;  W.    the  same  .|,s,ane... 

Uiuekaol   ual...   over  har.l  .samh    liottmn   on   the  sl.uHoanl    snie   .,'  ,he   ehaiiiiel.      \L\,-   ,h 


III 

.null 

.  ami 


I'M  II  jc  I'll \>,r  i«ii  Iff. 


21 


mir   mikI    \\\v 

II  ^mII  vUiinIIc 

n  111   III  sfM'ii 
iMl   l.i'l|i  hrlil. 

'    il^lll    IllMlM'. 

\N  .  <li>l.iiil 
.  iliNt.mt  (Ivf 
>t   N.  \i>    i;.i, 

I'icirii  till-. 
ONI'  .iijil  U\  r 

«u   till'   li:,'lit 
I  ,1  hull'  i.MT 
ll>t,lllt   tlllri'- 
(S.  |t»^      W.). 

"<■"    i;. '  rmiii 

U\  <■  jihI  mil'- 
In'   li.ii    liiiciN 

llolMlll  ll    li\    ;| 
I     .1    null'   tliiMl 

v  !■'   I  iiiinuti . 
i>taiit  a  little 


iM'.n  IN  iiir, 
if  "I  i:  ill.ist 

II  rlnl  lit    tlic 

litri'h  Iri'I  111" 
I'lillll. 

I  III  tiiill  li'i'ii 
liilli  i|  \  aiils 
'III  r.ilii\  Nil. 
hill'. 

mI  pl.li  I'll  nil 
:.ill;i-t  I'uiii! 
lie  ipiMI  Ills 

'.■•.1I..II  N,i.  I 

lnl     111  M  \   to 

liij  plai'i'i!  Ill 
ll.  I  loin  II 
li-.ii'iiii  .No.  ■_' 

.i'i'|i  III  iiiiij' 

III  li.niil. 

II  |il.ii'i'il  ill 

III  It  rii'.H'iiii 

.t  null',  ami 

III  jil.M   I'll    III 
lllMlli-     lIllS 


liraroii  ilii'  liiiltniii  IS  lian- .It  \»\\  wator.  I'"riiiii  ii  lii'a"oii  N,i.  |  Iumi-s  sniiilnM.,i  .S\V.  .  i|i,i  int 
out'  h. ill'  null  ,  ami  Hi'.Hoi.  \.i,  I  l>iii>  >.iiillmi'^l  hill'  \vii>t  S\V.  \  W.  ,  ili^laiil  mii'  ami  oiu'. 
i|iiai'ti'r  null'.-.. 

Iliinin   Vo.  .".. — 'I'liis  H  ,1  pilf  hiiiiDii,  ifitinixl  III/  ,1  l,oi  jutiiitil  III, III.  nil, till' i-iil  ."..  ami  [iln  nl  in 

tiiiif  I'crt  til"  water  over  suit  niililil.x  liotliiin  mi  ilir  inni  .sirli- nl'  1 1 liaiiiii'l.  iii'ail\  o|i|i,.-.ili'  I'.iMion 

No.  ti.  uliiili  III' in  t'loiii  It  soiitli  li\  i'.i>l  oiir  i|it,iiii>i-  east  i.S,  l.\  i:.  [  r;.),  tlisiant  mii' t  liinl  of  a 
mill',     lira,  on  No,  |  lir  ii  >  ,.iiitli  siuitliwcsi  (SSNV.),  .Iistaiil  tlirce  i|ii.irti'rs  ol'  a  imlf,  ami  is  nraiU 

III  I  lll;,'i>  Willi   licii'iili  No.    1. 

I'uiucit    \'...  7    -This    l«i  a  jiih-   h,,i,,,ii.  ,,;,iriii,l  liii  ,1  li,,r  jinnil,,!  1,1,1,1.,  ninilliiliil  ',  ami  plart'il  nil 

till'  |ioii  >ii|i'  ui'  till'  I'li.iniii'l  III  mm'  ||.|.i  „(  w.kit  omt  soil  uiinlils  liuttom  nn  .i  small  slmal.     I'roni 

'1  '■"•' >  No.  o  Ifi'.iis  wi'^t  iiiii'ii-litli  soiiili  I  \V.  I  S.,.  iljstant  line  ami  two  tliiiil  mill's,  Uraeon  No 

(!«i'>t  li\  .soiiili  on,.  i|ii,iii,.r  .soiilli  iW.liy  S,  \  .S.j  the  .s.uiie  tli.st.ii ,  ami  I'oiiit   Loiiia  I,i','lit  >oiiil|. 

WiSl    lllll'l'  .|l|.ll  111  S  Mllllll      .S\\  .     ,'   .S.I, 

/.iifr.Di.  -A  ,\iii,ll<-  lull  li,it,,i,i,  ,i;msi;l  Inj  hminls  juiniliil  r,,l,  |,,,,  Immii  pl.ieeil  on  tile  ^olllli  sliide 
oil  rnnta  lie  San  l''.^te\  .in,'  in  t'onrtei'ii   leit  nl'  watir.  .ilimit   mnlw.iv  lietueen    I'.e.ii'ons  No.  li  ami 

No.  7,  ,ihil  almiii  tun  liiimlii'.l  y.iuls  (loin  Hi.,  f.isi  l.iml.     'rin.  I'li.iiini'l  lies  iln, |i|-  n.      V\un\  it. 

Point   l.oiii.i  la-lit  lie.iis  soiithwesl  Ity  .sniilli  hall'  >,»iil|i    .S\V.  lis  S.  \  S.,  three  ami  a  h  ill'  miles, 

l;,,l,„il  .V.i.  .S._riiis  IS  .t  liilr  liiit,;,ii.  ,i;),riii,l  1,1/  ,i  I,,,,-  jLiiHliil   i;;l,  niniih,  ii  ,1  S,  ami    pLneil    in 

till  tii't   of  w.iti'i'  on  iiii.  ^laili.ianl  •.nle  oi  the  elia I  ..|V  I'lini.i  ile  .S.m  .Iimh.*      I'mm  it    r,i.,ieoii 

No.  7  l.e.iis  miriliwes!  NW.  ilixMnt  luir  ami  niii'thinl  mlle^.  ,im|  I'mnt  l.om.i  LiltIiI  >oiilliui--l 
li.\  Miiiih  (S\V.  li\   .S.I. 

Ki'Noml  r.eaeoii  No.  S  the  li.iy  evpamU  to  iie,iil\  lun  miles  111  unlih  m,!  the  -liiii  ihaiiin'l  iiai 
riiu^.iml  tli'i'lease>  in  ileplll  ;    lint  ^ool    w.ild    em    |„.   eallleil    to  theeml  111'   the  r.ilil'o.iil  wharl'  ai 
N. It  loll, 1 1  ('it>.  Ihiee  .iml  ,1111'  ihinl  mih-s  110111  .S.m  l)ie;r.»  wharf,  in  a  t;eiieral  sonthea^i  hv  e.ist  iliiee. 
tiiie.      llieehaniiel  keeps  w  ii  hill  a  ipiarler  or   li.ill   a   mile  of  the   ii.iilhiin  ^linie.  uhieh  i>  low,  eiit 
li.\  tliii  .'  \.ire\>,  ami  hoiiieieil  hy  a  Inoail  low  w.iier  lii.ieh. 

'Ihe  eli.iiimi  ti'i.iii  .S.i  :  i>ii  ^.,11  111  N.itioii.il  ('il\  i>  m.irkeil  liy  t,r,i  ml  «/i,u- /om//y  mi  il,,.  vt.ii  l.o.n  ij 
liami  (ill  enteiiii;:*  ami  /TO ///m/V  .v/jKc /iH.i//.s  ahove  them  011  the  port  Mile  of  1  he  rliuiml.  Tin  r,,l 
spar  limi>s  are  in  t  weiit.x  three  feel  of  water,  over  samly  Imtlmn.  ami  are  pine,!  i.i  Li'.p  \,.sm'1s 
el, 'ai- of  till' Mllllll  miihlle  ;;li. 1111,1. 

The  linvir  /</<(,/.  .'^p.ir  I. HON  is  in  nineleeii  I'l.et  ,.f  w.itei.  iivir  -aui\\  ImMoiii.  .111,1  j.  pla,',',l  ,111 
the  ilianiiej  .Mill'  III'  ilii.  iHiitJi  iiiiihll,.  ;^'ii>iii|,|, 

'Ihe    lippi'r    /i/,l./,-   sp.ir    luio>    is  m    luelity  >i\    I'e,.:   ,.f   w.iter.  o\,.i'    ..in. Is    lioll.iin,  ,111, 1   I-,  plai-eil 

near  Ihe  ei|;;e,if  Ihe  eli.uiiiel,  nil  i  he  month,  if  Lis  ClioH.is  ('re.  k.     .\  -^ho,,!  inns  i.f,  fiinii  the  1 tli 

of  this  eii-eiv  to  a  eonsnleialile  ill.!. II |!i'\,inil  III,.  >p.ir  liimv  s  are  ; 

S,,i,lk  Mi, I, III  ,jr<niH,l  /.'..(,•<.«.— This  Is  a  sin.il.-  jiilf  l,.:'i.;„i  ,•,„,<,,/  (,///,  /„,„,•,/.<  an,!  j„ii,ii,,l  unh 
)i,l  .1,1,1  hlilyklfiriuintnl  shijii'i.  Il  is  iili.eil  m  tllirleen  feet  ,,f  w, ,1,1', .11  the  noiliiwest  t.lll  of  a 
iiiiihlle  ;,'riMiml.  It  iii.uks  a  1vm1\,.  font  sp,ii,  ami  vessels  e.iii  p.i^s  mi  i-iihir  sule  of  it,  hut  th.' 
ehaiiiiels  are  not  Inoail,  althmmh  e.ui  \  iii:j  n..  n  |y  fmn-  latimai,  ,,|-  u.ii,.i. 

Tlie  f,il|.i«m„r  i.iiiija!  |,|..iii;i-s  ai.'  ui\,'ii  in  I  „'.ii,.  tins  h,.  i,',.ii :    |',,iiii   I„,iiia  I,i;:lil  Iioiim- hears 

-^ ''^^•■^'   '•>   "•'■"    i:\<'ei,'lilli>   ui'si    ,S'A-.  In    \V.  ^  W.    ami  the  railroa,!  wharf  at  N.itimial  Citv 

.soiilhiast  l.y  eiM  o piaiter  e.iM  (.S|;,  hv    |;.   1    |;.,.     This    wmihl    pi.e  ,-  ih..   |„,„.,,„   ,.,„.   aiiil   mie- 

ei-hih  miles  smithiMsi  one  ,|iiai  ler  ea>t    SI!.  [   11. 1  frni,,  .San  ltii';4o  wharf. 

S.nlh  M„l,ll,  ,ii..,i,„l  l:,„,„ii..~TUi-<\s  A  .si,,,/!,  i,:i,    i.,,i.nn,i;,ssi;l  irilh  h,„n;li  au<\  /..-/„,',./  with 
n;l  ,n„l  l,!,uUi, 11-:  :.,),t„l  strip,. s.      It    is   pi  i.-eil  .iiie -pi  11  tir  ,i|   ,1  mil,.  iVnm  th,.  ii,,ii|i  mhhi'  m  ivmU,. 
ami  a  half  het  of  water  to  ni,iik  a  twelM-fn,,!  slmal  pmh  nil  the  mmiih  ,,f  ij,,.  v,i'l,\   of  1.  is  <'i,,i| 
as.       \  ,'-s,'ls  ,  Mil  |.,l-,s  1,1,  iilher  .slile  of  ll,  1,1,1    Ihe  .•li.,iin,.|s  are  emilraet,',!  ;     the   depth  e.in  iml    lie 
;;i\e!i.  as  there  have  Ihtii  imporlaiit  i'h,iii;,'es  .sinee  th,'  ,ilil  ,Mirvevs. 

The  folli.wiii;;  lie.iiiii-s  are  .uivi'ii  in  the  oilh'i.il  li>t  to  l,i,'.iie  this  lieaeon:  I'oiiit  Loin.i  l.i-lit- 
limise  lii',iiiii;i  .soiithwesl  1 1  \  w  esl  li  \  ,•  ei -hi  ll  s  w.M  (S\\'.  1,\  \\  .  ;'  W.).  ai„i  the  ra;Ii,M,l  u  liarf  at 
Natimial  «';ly  .sonlhe.ist  halfe.ist  ^SK.  .^  I',.),  .lisi.mt  one  ami  thi.'e  ipi.irler  i.ille.s.  This  woiihl  j. lace 
it  one  ael  ,i  half  miles  soinheasl    l.y  east   half  east  ,.Si:.  I,y  !■:.  A  i:.i  I'l.iiii  the  wharf  at  .S.m  Die-o. 

r„,u„n  .Ve. '.».-  I'his  is  a  sin„l,'  ,„!,■  I„.,,„i,  f,„int,  ,1  l.:.„ !.  .,ml  |,|.„.,',1  ,i  lutle  ,.\ ,  r  ,iiie  ,piart,'r  of 
ll  mile  troiii  thi-  mnih  slime  in  thiileeii  f,.et  nf  w.iur  mi  ihe  muth  snle  of  the  ehiiiiiel  ami  nearly 
" iih'<M>t  Miiiihi-.isiwar.llv  I'rmn  the  North  .Mnhlle -mnml  I'leaeoii.aml  i>  t,>  he  left  on  the  part 

liaml  ill  elilei  nil.'. 


•Till-  iiai 


II.'  gIM-ll    I.I  tins  l...illl    nil  ,,I,|    ,Sl,:,|,i,l,   ,|i:,,|s 


T2  rvcii  ic  (HAM-  rii.or. 

'I'll!'  I'nilowiiiL;  oII'icmI  ill  reel  inns  li,i\  c  lircii  |iulili>iic(|  m  IimmIc  I  Ins  lnMi'oii :  I'miil  I  oiii.i  i,i-lit 
lioiisc  west  liy  mhiiIi  llin'c  ijii.ii  Iris  sdiilli  i  W  .  li\  S.  ,'  S.  .  .iml  tlif  i.ulio.iil  w  li.iif  a  I  NmIidii.iI  (  'iI\ 
soiitliiMst  liy  soiilli  (Si;,  hv  S.  .     'I'lii-.  |il,irfs  j;  nciilv  cine  mile  t'lniii  llu'  lailioail  »vliait'. 

Hi.iKUl  .\o.  Id.  —  '\']\l-i  i-i  A  xiin/li  j/'H  1),  !!■  til'  ji./iuli-'l  iiil,  |il.iiiil  III  lliiilci'ii  li  nl'  w.iin  nil  llir 
.son!  Invest  siilc  (>t'  llii'  ciMiwitl  .iiiil  nil  Ilii'  imIl;!'  of  I  lie  mi'al  ll.ils  \\  liu'li  I'Mt'lnl  liniii'  .sniitliw  I'sl  w.inl 
til  tlu'  iiariciw  .sat'il  iliiiic  snip  nl'  lln'  iMimisnla,  It  is  in  lie  Irl't  nii  tlir  slailmaid  Mile  in  nilci  iii^'. 
Till'  nllii'i.il  liic.ll  inn  ;;i\  cs  I  lie  nc.ii  1  Iil:  nC  I'nilll  l.niil.l  t.i,;:lll  Imii.si'  \\  rst  liv  snin  ||  mn.  ,|u,|  |  t|,| 
.sonlli.W.  liv  S.  I  .^,  .  ,111.1  till'  lanin.ul  uliiifat  N.iliniial  City  .sniillicist  li\  cast  :  S  I!.  Ii\  |;...  'I'l,,., 
won  111  placi'  it  a  IiMli'  n\  cr  ilui'i   i|u.ii  Iri  s  n|  ,i  nnli    li  mii  I  In'  lailmail  «  Iiarl'. 

liiilnin  \i..  1  J.  —  I  ins  Is  a  sim/ir  pile  luiiinii  juiin/t'l  idl,  |i|.ici-(i  iii  tliii  ti'cii  Irrt  nl'  w  ,1 1  IT  nil  t  jir 
west  .siiit'  nl  I  111' c'lalilirl  .lliii  on  tlli' I'lliri'  nl'  lln-  ll.its  Iiriiri'  In  I  In-  |i('iiKis||Li.  Il  ls|.  ;„  |..|(  ,,,| 
till'  .-!:irliiMi-il  shIi'  Ml  I'lili'iiii;;.  li  IS  alMiiiNi  iliiiill.N  nil'  I  III'  r.iilrnail  wh.iif.ii  N, 1 1  111', .1 1  ('ii\,  ami  ,i 
tiilli'  nviToiii'  ijiiarii  r  nfa  iiiili'  ilisiani  lliinliniii.  flii'  (nllnwiii;;  nlliri.il  liraiiiiu's  Inralr  ii  :  I'mm 
I.niiia  Ia;,'lii  liniisi'  wi'st  by  sniiili  .  \V.  li\  S.  .  aiiii  ilir  railrn.n!  ^Iiaif  ra.si  sniitjirast  J')S|'..i.  I'ji,. 
I'M  sm\  rv  uivi'-i  iinifiri'ii  liTt    il'wairiin  lln' rliaiiiirl. 

All  of  tlii'S(>  I'.'arniis  ap>  jil.ii'i'il  mi  in-.ir  tii;,'i';licr  ami  in. irk  tin'  rlnniii'l  .sn  pluinly  flial  ,iii\ 
riirtliiT  sailinir  ilini'linns  may  si'i'in  .sii|)('rilnniis;   Imt  m  ihi'  alisi-in'i-  nl'  a  ii.ii  Imi-  rli.nt  siirrini't  anj 

rnmlrii-ri!  ^liii'ii s  m.i\   In-  iim'TuI  .iinl  «  il!  In.  -iv  m  .iiiit  ll iilsnh'  .Sailing'  I  •imtI  mns. 

AihiitiiiHdl  l/./v  In  .Viiri';/((//,»».— lliiwcii  ;!i,.  hi,,,!,  1i.m(,,iis  No,.  ;!  ami  '.  .i  siii^;!,.  pjj,. 
'•  ili,ii>ii»i<l"  hen, nil.  ii.iinii'il  //.'.(,/,,  is  iil.iifil  nn  tli,.  |.nit  sulr  .,r  il,,.  ■  h mml  in  vi\  I.ti  n|'  w.itci- 
l-'rnin  it  Nn.  I  ml  Iumi  nn  Ihmis  smil  IhmsI  l.y  -nutli  mir  half  .smitli  .-<!•;.  |,y  .>.  \  ,S,  ,,,,,1  \,,.  ,;  ,,.,| 
liciu'iiii  lii'ars  i'.i--t  Iiy  nniili  mii' iiu.ii  Nr  imii  h    l!.  !i\   N.  ■   N.i 

Oil  till"  slall.n.llii    M- Mill'    rli.n.iirl.  Im'Umtii    llu'    i,'ii    l.iM, \n.  C    ,im|    llm  ir.l  iliamnml 

iHMrnli,  thiTi'  is  pl.ici'il,  ill  si\  t,.,  t  of  watiT.  a  simj!,  pi!,   •■  ,/,i„/,/,».,  ni.s .  "  l.iMmii  p.iiiid'ij  /•,,/.      |',,im 
il  till'  rcil  lii'ai'nii  N...  i;  luar-,  sniitliwrsl    hy  ur-t   m'M'ii  im-IiIIis  west  i.'^W  .  \,\   \\  .  _   \\     ;,,,,!   s,,,   -, 

111. irk  lii'.lnu!  liiMls  wi'sl  tliii'i'  i'i;;litlis  linllli     W.   ;;    \,   . 

On  till'  iimt  Kiili>  nC  tin'  rlianinl  nii  Ih-  i.L.'  ni  l>atili  ll.ii.  1.,'turi'ii  hknk  Ihmi'i.hs  N,„.  .-,.,||,| 
7.  a  ,s//,.//.  ;///,    '•iloiil,l,.,i,.ss"  liiMinii  p.iiiiti-il   mi  i-  pl.i, nl    m    tiw   Ini  nf  u.i|,t.      I'mm  it  lil.n-k 

lii'ai'nll   Nn.  .-,  l.iMis  VMst    l.y    snlllli    niir  ipmrliT    snii'i,      U  .   !,\    S.    \   .S.     ami     Nn.  ,s,    h'iI   l.i'.U'i.li   l.i'ais 

smitiii'ast  li.\  I'.isi  niii' i|,iaiiir  I'.i^t  i.-s|;.  hy   |;.  j  |;   , 

Till'  tollowuii;   l.i'ai'ons  CiiiUior    iiuirk   llio  cpivin.-  nf   tl,,.  il,,,!im.l   w|„.„   appinai'liiti-   .S,n 

l>if::n  :  .-•    •  ■ 

A  »m/ il.iy  lu,i,.„n  i.lai'i'il  a  liiili.  on-r  on.' ami  a  half  milis^.si  U^  smith  ..nr  .'i^-hth  Mniih 
(V  .  by  S.  1  .•-.,  tiiiin  Ihi'  iinrihi'in  pi.r  nf  ih..  niv  ,>(  S.iu  Dn'-n.  .,ml  .i  WmA-.l.iv  brami,  pl.„.,.,| 
mil'  ami  mn'  imih  inili'.-  west  finin  the  .s.iii,,   pii-i. 

loM/.v'/i^,;m/.s„„  /*;,,;„  /^/viln.sni.ithi.i  toi  aiii-linra-i'  tl.  avmil  snnthiMstei  -   nr  in  Mm  iv- 

nl.ir.nniM'nf  ImMimss.     I  f  Inr  tempmaiy  amhnr,  .'..  only,  thev  t,',.  ,n  as  t.u- a^  I.a  i'las  ,   ,„,?,. 

nisiilo  of  Hallast  I..,,,,,.     T,,„lii.,  M's^l!  ,  ami  >ii.a,m.,.  pa^s  „itn  tl„.  U,,  uu-  ami  .„,..  ^i^hlh  niili  •. 

in.si.h' Ha  last  Inuit  In, 111.  mu  n|,ar,,.s  ,,t  .Sa„  1  .i..,n.  ,.,  ...vi,,   .,ml  a   h.ilf  nuh's   f.   ,l,.'i„l I 

wliait  at  Natiiin.il  ('ii\. 

When  insHle  the  ha.b  ,r  vesM-ls  a,e  p,;|eet>v  safe:  bet  ..hl  naM;:at,„.  Uam-  lepmUil  ,|,„ 
'.' ;   ^'■'•"  ^•'■'''>    "'"""■">    "•••"I"''  ""•  l-ll-  '^  "-ni   l-.nm  the   ,.,ea.   liehl  ami  ilMVe tl.  ,1,.,  ,,., 

,n  siieh  ma...,  as  In  tmee  vi.,..N,ni|,a.  then-  anehnisolV  i.a  n.na.     ^S  ,■  have  mve,.  km>.n  s.mi, 

....oe.amlilnub,  ,    a  vevsel  «,lh  pn.pe,    a.linlinn  ,.ml  , |  .,n,„.,|  ,  ..  kle  .nnl,!  ,i,„.,,   ,„„n  s„i  I, 

-■anse.     (  ..^ta,,,l^  tliiie  IS  mH  ,,..,i.|,  ..mMU'l,  In,,  -h..  uimi  In  raise  a   .«ell.  ami  ihe  Iuik  ..|..,im| 

;;::::;:;,k::::::7;.:;':,:;'|:;:;: ^' -■ ""• ■ - -> -..-.■ ^ 


.'^Al'  IM,    Iill.l  1    riiiN.'^. 

Vessels  n.min.rfrnm  the  mnthwest  m.ike  ihe  ml:: '  Pnint  l.nma  as   .  \nn-' 

Wheliabnii,     tuenn-tive    miles   .|,sta,„.      T|„..   ,,,,,..,,,, ,,   ,.....,.^, ,,    ,,^    „^;,^_^    ^^^^^^^     ^^^^__^^ 


ll.ll   Inppeil  jsl.iiicl 


w.ilil,  il^  tlm  Inn  1,,,  „  m  the  ,in,the.i>l,  ,,ml  I,,   ,h,.  I'Merli.  Falsu  at  Ihe  nmlh 

liH..,.a,   kelp  liehl  nirthe    ...St. ,„,. ,    , Ul.is  ..Iteaih    been  ih.,,,  i ..,..!  ;    „ .,.., 

^M...m..ks,he.,newl.e,.'  llieileptho,  wal.T  i  ha.....  ,,..„.  .mhh.nh  f ,  ,;..„„  ,..•;; 


.  11 
ll 


Ves.sels   fnan    Ihe   mutll^a.il.  ai,p,n,.,eh,n-   the   snuth    eml    of   I'n.nl     Inmi     .hm,.   .1  ... 


I  NmIiiiii.i1  (  'ii  \ 
IkiiC. 

■r  \N.IIil  I. II  thr 
MilltllW  I'sl  w.ilcl 
ill'  ill  fliln  III;,', 
nil  mil'  ijiiii  ti'i 

:.  i'.\  i:.  .    'iiiK 


I'    "  .III   I    oil    ill). 
•^    !•      ;..      '-11     nil 

•  •il  ('ll.\ ,  illni  ,1 
iiMti'  Il  :    I'.iiiii 

iHsi:.).    Ti„. 


I  IiikIi 


aiiil.v  til. II  .iii\ 
t  .sill  I  met  :iii,| 
■Ili'li'<. 

Iiil  ol'  Wiitrf 
.ilnl    Nil.  Ii    ii'il 

'  n.l  iIi.iiiiiiihI 
•li  '■"/.  I'lmii 
\V.    Mini   No..-, 

MIS  Nils.  ."..iikI 

I'llllll   II   lij.ick 

IX'.UOII    lllMl.s 

in.li'liiii:,'  Siiii 
•■i;,-litli  >oii[|i 

KMll'II  |i|.l«ti| 
IT   III    tile    II-;,' 

•  i>  .1,  I'lii-  mill' 
'  <M;;lii|i  mill-* 

'  •\if  r.iiliiMij 

i'l»iil<'il  III. II 
iiitii  ilif  |).i\ 

•  kllliu  II  .SIM-li 
I'l    lliilll    siirli 

liliiiK  ;;i'.iiiiii| 

lli-.l.>t  htlillli.". 


-#■ 


L.-^. 


a  l-i^lil  lluiiHi',  .SK.  hv  ."> 


"|||"il  islainl 

II  till-    siilll  II 


yy 


1    Us  \\i •■^Iri  11 
m'l   l\    to  I,  II 


till'    nil     11     III 

Mlrlll   !\    111 


J 


/^pf'\. 


•"^^    "ii''i«~''i'-1ijl-|    lii^^i  1,1    *        -"^WWu 


r.'llll    l,olli;t   l,l(;hl    lloilHI'. 

N.  !  \V  .  \m  iiiilrN. 


1?-^ 


i'olllt  MtMlllflUP. 

Kalw  lUv 


I'lkhli'  I 


^'     ~^c^^' 


..^<--f 


■■i^?C!r.? 


.-■■ii  ilimfii'  MiiciritBili.  K.  Iiy  S.  ^S., 


■> , 


'ill' 


l.iw  C.rniia.l.m  Islu.i.ls,  Mexico,  NNK.  i  K,  a*  lo  a  mile*,  G74  fee!  hij;!,. 


."> 


Tftlili-  Mountain, 
y,344  f.Tt. 


Sharp  I'e.ik, 
2,5<il  f««t. 


Point  Loiin  l.:;-lit  IIourp,  8E.  Iiy  S, 


2%p  - 


I'oiiit  San  MiitiM 
Oiinfri'  MiMintnin.  K.  Iiy  S.  i,**.,  17  null's,  KTi^  frot. 


I'MIllC    ((lAsr     I'll.OT. 


23 


till'  rciiiit,  wlicn  it  liiMtw  iioi'IImmsI  liy  ciist  (Nl!.  !•>  I",.)  iIisImiiI  dtic  nn<l  •  liiilf  mili's;  tlton  Ici-cji 
cloM'  iiloii;:  till-  ciIl'i'  <>r  llic  Ui'lji  (III  Mil'  sl.iiliii.ir.l  li.iiiil  ill  (•iiir  iiml  a  liall  I'.itliiiiiis  anil  iilniMt  li.ilf 
,1  iiiilr  liiiiii  till'  ri>iiii.  'I'lii'  tlni'i'  I'.iiliiiin  (  in\i'  >iri'ii'lirs  <>iii'  tliinl  nf  :i  mill'  sdiitli  iil'  tlic  I'oiiit 
ami  li'av  r-;  .1  iiai  inw  laiir  n\'  (Ii'i'imt  w  aliT  iiil  uitii  it  ami  I  lie  l\t'l|i.  A  tier  iiilrriiiL;  liii-i  iiin'iiiii;^  in 
iIh'  kcl|>  stfcr  lor  till'  lii'il  liniiv  uiitsnli'  iln'  liar,  l>inu  m  ii;:lil  aiiil  a  liajf  latininis  uf  uatiT  nviT 
>aii'l\  licilt'iMi  Mini  Ina.Nl  niir  lliiiil  >iiiitli  (SIl.  \  S.),  ilirrr  i|iiailiTS  cif  a  milf  liiini  tlir  i-xlrcmily  "1 
I'lHliI   l.iiina  ami  clcisc  tii  tiii'  ililii'l  nl;^i'  iil    llif  kc||i. 

Sdiiii' stfami'iM  |ias,s  tliriiii;,'li  ilir  l;i-l|i  iicirlli  ul'  lliis  paiMal  oprniiiu'  ami  t  lirirlis  run  snmc 
II-.K,  lii'cMn--r  1  Im  ak.  alirailv  iliv^ri  iliiil,  i>  ii|mitiil  iii>l  iii>iiii'  tin  ki  Iji  ami  licai  in;;  aliniit  \vl•.^t 
till inartt'is  Miiilli  :  \N'.  ,'  S.j  diii'  ami  din'  iinalliT  niilrs  lidintln'  l,i;;lit. 

A^  SI  1(1' I  as  tin-  rxtiriinlv  ul'  I'liinl  i-diiia  is  [lasscil,  and  wln-ii  iifail.N  141  to  I  lie  licll  limiv  diitsiik' 
Ihi'  liai,  ilii'  lull;:,  lii\\  liraili  III'  ^liiiiuli-  riiiininu  liallast  I'oinl  is  (i|ii-m'i|. 

1  Kiiii  till'  lii'll  liini\  Iwddllnis  III  line  lie,  i(s|iccti\  cjv ,  nn  tin' mitt'i'  ami  iiimr  t'd^t'S  of  tlic 
liar.     Till' ('('/(»■  J//I'/ (7/'i»H»7 /<i(ii7  lies  m   iniu   ami  nm  lliiiil   tatlinMis  ntiilli  1)\  i-ast  unr  ri^rlitli  cast 

in 

\\l>  lllldNS 


I  N.  Iiy  I".,  i  !•;.)  ti\  I'  I'lulitlis  mill'  ili-tanl    Iriuii  1  lir  licll  limiy,  .iinl  tlii'  iiairr  mi<l chuninl  liuoji  lies 
si\  latlidins  111!  1  lie  sa  mi'  liraiiii^',  1  lin  r  ri_'lil  lis  nT  a  mill'  I'm  1  lii'i  in.      I  li'l  wi'cn  tlii'sc  last  I 


ill's  I  lie  liar,  ami  in  i' 1 


ITS    Ilic  lii'sl    u.ilrl'  llui'lllv     Ici,!     al    Id'.v    walil 


till'  liiKUs  about 


'111'   linmlri'il  x.inls  mi  tin'  imil    liiinl.      Alter  [Mssi:";  ilic  inner  iiiiil clianni'l  Iiiihn  aluiiit  twdliiin- 

lleil     \.llils    .steel     IliU  I  ll  West     lis     nmlli    I  li  I  ee  i|  uaiters    linltli   iNU".   1 1>    N.    ,>    N.i   Id    i^ii    llirdllj;l|    tile 
•ntraiiie    111  (lie  (lee|ies|   water,  .iiiil  .1  little  ejuser  In  Hall.isl   rmiil  I  I'laii  tii  /ii|ji;;a  I'liint.  o|i|io.site. 


'I'lie  elialinel    lielweeli    (lie 


lailiiim   lines  mi  eitlier  siile  is  less  (liaii  one  iliiiil  of  a  mile  liroail 


ami  Ills  a  ili'plli  III'  .ilidiit   six   t.illidiiis  in  it.      Willi  tlie  least  swell  mi,  tlie  lireakers  slmw  tin-  pnsi- 
lldll  ami  I'Mi'llt  III'  the  /lini;.;a  Slid.il.      .Sleel-  ImliUy  lor  I  lie  eliliame,  W  liele  llie  ilejilli  is  ten  I'-ltliolllS 


til  r>.ill.ist  I'liint  ,iiiil  t'liur  tatlioin 


Id  /,iin  ''.1  I'mnl. 


II  a  \essel  eiilers  t'ldiii  the  westwaiil  .i-uiinil  the  siiiilhi'in  t.iil  ul  the  kel]!  liilil  stletehin^'  dlV 
rmiil  l.mna  .she  .sininhl  h.lill  eluse  limler  the  e.isteril  t'ili;i'  ul'  1  he  kil|i  nil  a  nnrlh  |i  lit'  east  (N.  h  v..) 
1  iilllse  nnlil  the  hell   limi\    is  le.H'heil.  .iml  lirmeeil  as   alid\e  (lirei'teil. 

\\  ,1  M'ssel  enter  Iroiii  the  soiitliw.inl  she  shniihl  w.irU  short  laeks  uiiilei  the  siiiiiheni  shore 
null!  she  ui'ts  to  the  leewal  d  eil^e  ul'   t  he  kelli  lii'M  a'nl  a-  near  as  I  If  II 'Ileal  lie  to  point    l.Miiia,  kee|i- 

in;;  elear  ol'  Ihe  Ziiiiua  .Shoal.      .\   steamer  mas   head   direeilyloi    I'mnl    l.mna  until   ii|iuillitlii' 
liar  liiioN  s, 

I'liiiii  the  liell  liiiii\  a  Vessel  may  |iass  on  i'ither»siili' of  the  oiiler  and  inmi  mid  eleiiiiiel  Imoys 
mi  .1  norili  In  east  mi  ■  1"  /lith  e.ist  eonrse,  Imt  in  Nessils  ol  deep  iliaii;;lit  seek  the  liest  \saler  liy 
lea\  in;i  these  liiiov  s  a  I  mil  I    'iii   h  11  ml  I  id  \  .mis  mi  I  lie  pm  I  hand,  as  aliov  e  diieett'ii. 

III  sail'ii;;  vi'sst'ls,  diiriii^.   siinimei   winds,  keep  ,is  i'lii,e  in  I'.iint  1. 0111. i  as  the  ilraii;,'lit  of  tlio 


\essel  will  permit  and  keep  c  lose  mi  ll 
e.iiiiid  Within  a  sliip's  |i'ii;,'th,  witii  a 


.mil  lip  III  ll.ilLisi    I'll!  Ill,  III)    w  hii'ii  rmir  I'.it  horns  e. in  he 
\i'i,\   stioiii,'  enrieiil  mi  tl Iil>  ami   ilood   tides,  the  roriiier 


Sel  t  111''  d\  el 


!ili'  /. 


niid'a  .sjHi.il 


It  h.is  lieeii  said  til, 1 1  a  fiiek  lia\  1114   I'Ht  li\  e  ul'  s;\  leel  ul    Water  11  pmi  ii  lies  in  the  eliaiiiu'l  be- 

I  weeii  the  li.ii  and    ILillast    I'mnl,  its   positimi   m.iiked   bs  a  ;i,ileh   of  kelp,  w  liieh  is  torn    away  in 

II  I;;!!  we.ithei.  The  |iiliil  liiial  I'niiini  leporled  lia\  iii^' slnn  U  upon  it  in  |s."il.  I'he  t'\''miiiations 
III'  the  <'oast  SiiiAey  lia\e  developed  no  sneli  daii.u'i'i'.  'Hid  as  neither  ii.iviLrators  nor  recent  pilots 
hive  Imind  this  mek  the  report  li.i^  been  iliseiedited. 

The  Hotel  del  Cmmiado,  on  I  he  neean  beaeh.   is  a  line  lamlinai  k.  espi'iiallv   lor  small  eoastiii;; 
Vessels  emniii''  lloin  llie  soulhwaid  .illd   keeping  lie.tr  the  slime. 


The  leiiLlth  ot    the    ll  oiit.i'_;i'  oil    the   die. 111  |s    I'mil    liillidlid    and  lilt\    I'eet.      'I'l 


le  jii'i'-ht  ol    the 


III  nil  liiiildin^  riolitinu  the  se.i  is  lillv   I'eet  ;   thi'    lieiuht  of  Ihe  lower  at  the  southeast  aii;;le  is  one 
liiimiied  ai  d  t  .veiily  leet,  and  tlieie  is  all  eleetrie  liuhl  at  the  top. 

limn   Ihe  lower  the  lolluw  ilii;  beai  lll'^s  .iml  dlsLiiiees  are  ;,'i\  ell  to  piiiminelit  olijei'ts  : 


.-<.  ;tH;    \v, 


Till'  «  111  ..ill  ii>;  till. IV .    

'liii'  I  nil  liii'.y  (till'  line  inKwiiii;  nviT  lln'  l.iil  (if  I  lie  /iiiii^a  ."'ImuD. .   .<<.  17      W  . 


I,  mill' 
:i=  null' 


Till' oiilllllirillllilst  |H>lllt   ul'   llll'    l.iilllU .^.  I'll!        W.  t'    llliloH. 

rill   li;;lil  111  iiisc  nil  I'mnl  l.niii.k ."<   I  *       \V.         :i(  mi  lei. 


Till   l.nvi  st  I  'iiiiiiiail.i  isti't 's. 


I-;.       IT 


ill' 


I'lie  t'l'dirrapliicii  posiiioii  ot"  tl leetrie  li'^li'  mi  the  smilheast  tnwer  of  the  hotel,  as  j,'iveii 


l>v  the  I'.  S,  •■'•la.st  ami  (li'dili'tu'  Siirvev,  i.s 


Lllilllllle    .. 
I,.itii;iliii|i' 
Or,  III  uiiii' 


111       1;!     7   Iiiiilli 


117        III 


VMSl. 


-I-'     i:!' 


24 


I'ACIIIC    (  'iA>  I      I'll.cr. 


/«.vH  ,•  S.nlii,<i  /»/,r,v;„„s  -Ann  y.^.^w-    ;;.ill,iM    I'.'inl  .1— ll>''  1"'"  ''-"I'l.  >tr,-v  a  rouis.. 

norll.w.-st  l.vuorll.  li;.ll  iiuilli  >N\N.  \<>   S     '.  v.,  l...  Unvr  ., Ins.. I   a  nnlr  l..  I.,.  I'Im>  ;i,  Krrpin.u 

til.' black  lu'ioy  m.irkiii-   I'..ill.i.-l   iV-i.U  Slio.il.  ;iimI  tliir,' ,•l;:hlh^  ..t\i  nnlr  ii,m,1.- iI,,.  immiiI.o..  yw 
IM.rt  liail.l.       I'lils  1m|..v  uiU  !•.■  al I  one  .  i,-iitli  of  .l  inllr  iiiM.lr  \..m  .•..iil>.'. 


If  iniiMiiliii-  li>  aiiclior  ulV  l.i    i'liv  a.  i-oiili \.>ur  cuuin,-  hi 


111    till'   I  w  ci   It  <l   hiiicinis  (Ml  I  lie 


...l-f  oltl.c  .■,i>t.Tii  ll.il>  .i:r  in    lan-.'.  .mu  aii.lior  iii  .i-lil    I.'  Icii   fallM.in^  ol    vn  airr  ..v  n  >li.k\ 

botliiiii. 

Km  It  1...1IIM1  np  111.  '.Mv.  cliaii-.'  .\..m  .-..iii^.'  wli.ii  IIm  IhnI  Iuo  M'I  li.aiM.i,-.  N,.>.  'J  aii<l  li 
air  ill  laii-.'Ionoilli  !.\  .m-i  >,.v  .mi  .■ijilli.  ra^l  (N.  b.N  V..  :  I-  .  «1h.1i  l.a.U  iMi,l«aN  1,-|«.ti,  i.-.i 
n.M.'i.li  Nu.  •-'  and  Mark  l'.rac..!i  N,.. .',;  mn  |,aM  lln  in  uiilil  llir  s.toii.I  tuoi..l  Imm.mmi-  .  No^.  I  ami 
111  ail'  III  lan^T.  wln'n  \oii  u  i!l  l>i'  al>iia>t  nl    liLnk   I'.cac  ni  No.    '.. 

ll.sirr  tlir  tlal-  .Ml  iillic  T  M.lc  "I  ili.-  clianii.  I  aif  Mi.\  .•\t.ii>.\  c.  \Mlli  (Mia>ii>iial  i)alc  li<'.>  I'aiv 

at  !('■    wati'i. 

I'loiii  aliica-l  el  Mack  r.raion  Ni'.  :'.  .-i<'i  in.illica.sl  \'\  n.-illi  Nil.  1>>  N.  diifct  for  Mark 
r..'aciiii  No.  ."..  on  liii'  ii.ni  ,-.i,lr  oi  ilir  .li.innfl.  lor  a  lilil.'  o\.i  ilii.-.-  .|iiailri-  oi  .i  mil.-,  or  iiiilil  ml 

Hcai-.iii   No.  (I  and  Marl>  I',,. iron   No.  7  t-oin.' iiit.i  i  .iiiu''-      Hn^  .om-.-will  |m--.  i.'d    r.ci. No.   1 

« ii  Inn  iiii('i'ii;liili  ot  .1  mill'. 

Nou  cliani.r  \oiii  coiiim'  ami  -icir  nonli(M>l  I  In  re  i|n.ii  In  s  im-i  N1!.  ;  I'..  Tor  li.ill  a  milr 
i|.,i.s-.in- nii.lua\  l.rMM'ni  M.nk  i;.M.on  N,.  .•.ami  i.-.l  |;,Mr..n  No.  t;  iiiiiilnil  l;.-aroii  No.  il  i-  n, 
hark  lanu''  "ilk  I'oint  I.oina  l.i;ilil  lioii>c. 

Then  sl.'.r  ca^t  half  lioilli  !•",.  \  N.  loi  thr  M.n  k  I'.r.iroii  No.  7  toi  tlucc  (|llalll■l^  ol  a  niilr  in 
>i\  f.itlionis  of  u.itn.  a  lill'a'  lo  tlie  >oiiI  hw  .ii.l  of  nml  ili.iniiel.  \(  hni  llic  m-u  inl  luMcon  eloM' 
illiiliT  till'  ta,.^!  land  of  tin- south  .slioic  will  Im'  .seen.  Keep  mhh  r.iiiis..  iiiilil  llil.-.  nevx  ud  lnMioii 
i.s  ill  raiij:«'  with  Toiiil  l.oina  l.iiilil  house  li.'arinu'  soiitlnvesi  la  sonili  hall'  south  (S\V,  |p\  S.  i  S.  . 

TliiMi  rh.inue  to  ea-l  \'\  Muiili  h.iir  >oiiili  ,1',.  Ii\  S.  h  S.i  loi-  mie  ami  lime  uiiai  tei  s  niile>  i.i 
the  uh.n  ves  at  San  l>ie;:o. 

( tr.  ir  hound  lip  to  National  Cilx   u  liail'.  in^le.id  of  the  I,i-|  ionise  sleei  ea-t  sonlhe.isl  .MS  I'.,) 

for  toiii    mile.-  to  the  elid  ol  llie  u  h.llf  a!    Nalloli.ll  <  'il\  . 

I'.e\  oiel  iril  I'.i  aroii  No.  s.  \Wiieli  1-  ahrea.^t  of  ,iml  a  lilth-  he\  oiel  the  S.in  1  lie;;!!  \\  haiVes.  the 
(h.lllllel  loiili.e i.».  hill  the  1,1-1  e<Mirse  will  (,'ive  ^^imkI  u.ilel  to  Ihe  wh.lll,  .ilid  Ihe  eh.ilinel  is  \m|| 
marked  \\\  In  aeons. 

The  depth  of  water  at  lln'  S.in  Dle^o  whai\e-  i-  fniin  el^htien  to  t\\enl\  six  teel,  aH'l  .il  the 
N.'tioii.d  Cty  \Ui.iil  ne,ul\  tin-  -.line.  lliewlLiives  ,ii  S.in  l»ie-oe\|end  ah.nil  >i\  hi'.ndii'd  .iml 
lifty  v.ilds  t;oin  Ihe  shore.  Wilh  eio>-|H.ii!.  .I'oii-.side  of  wlinh  M.»el-  can  ieadil.\  inn.  Tlie 
N.ltional  <  'i|\    u  h.il  t'  is  el^lit   h  II  lull  ed  >  .lids  kill;;. 

Cliilidlil  Ki-yf  I'l'  r.iilUi\t  /''■nit  .s.'e.il/.  —  This  has  .illiadN  heell  llielitlened  lllldel  Hall.l.>l  I'ollil 
Shoal,  it  has  hteii  leeoiiiiiielided  thai  Vi  >-<eh  ot'el;-'hleen  feel  draught  ,ilid  np«aiiN  -hoiihl  l|o|  pa-s 
to  the  ea>t « .lid  of  the  I'lilhist  Toinl  Slio.il  oil  the  duet  I  euiii>e  fio  In  the  en  I  ram  e  at  jlalh'.sl  Tom  I 
to  I. a  I'l.iv.i.  hut  p.i-s  to  the  we-.lu.ird  of  It  .Hid  illidel  tile  h!:;li  in  nil  slioie.  Thi.  dc-i.tn  of  w.ilei 
Is  ;:iealir  in  I  Ins  ehinml  tli.iii  on  Ihe  diieel  cuiirse ;  hut  I  he  eh.iiiiiel  li.i.s  :i\er.\  sharp  till  11  and 
IS  haiels  o'.  el  one  ii;:lil  h  of  a  111  lie  w  ide.  1 1  i>  not  a\allalile  tor  1  ll;;e  s  lilillt:  \  esvels  with  the  Mini 
llier  w  imN  ;  ami  lor  l.ii  ^e  ."-hMniers  ii  iiei'essit.ites  two  \  ei  \  sh.n  p  eli.in.;rs  in  their  eon  i  -.e  w  heie 
the  <Mi;  leiils  I  nil    ir"ni;h  ami  ii  re;;iil,iily. 

if  tins  eli.innel  l-  I.ikin,  then  .l  \es-el.  when  .ihle.l>t  ol  li.lll.ist  I'oint.  ii;ll-,t  ihan::e  hel  4oii|v(. 
to  u  e>t  h\  iioi  ih  I  W.  h\  N.  .  -o  a-  lo  p  i>-  e|o-e  .ii  oiiiid  ll  on  tie-  pol  t  li.tiid  111  he  oi  ele\  i  n  f.tl  hoiio- 
of  ualer,  1 1,1  ill-.!  I'oinl  111  lis  I  he  hui;::ed  eloselv  ,  hee.iii-e  I  lie  l.iil  of  the  --ho  i|  i-  la  el  do»  n  w  II  In  I 
le>- th.ni  one  ei:.;hlh  III'  a  mile  I  i  the  iiiiithu  e-1  li\  lioiih  .N\\.  h>  N.ioi  ll.  Knn  on  ih.it  eoiiive 
ahoni  one  lil'l  h  of  ,i  !iilh.  until  the  hi. nk  llaov  No.  1,  lu.il  kin_'  ihe  -ho.lle-l  u.nei.  i.-  t  lit  lie  .iImII  the 
.-'lai  ho. lid   he. nil  111     hiMlllli;    lloilhe,i-l     I  hue  .pl.il  tel  s  liol  th      N  1'..    ,'    N.    ;    I  hen  ill.lli;^e  I  he  eoiii -e  lo 

iioiih  h\   \\i.-t  half  West  (N.  h\   W  .  '  W  .  .  inninnu  lliniii^li  tin.  iiiriou   Iml  deep  ehaiiiiel  hei^eni 
the  sho.il  Mill  the   >hoie  Willi   lime  fathoin-.  lit'  u.iiei.      .\fli  r  p.i--inL;   ihe  hlaek  hiiny  haul  ;,'i.idn 
all.N    to   a    IIOI  111  eon:  >,.  inilil    the    Ilisf    tun    led    he  le.m-  '  No-.    •_'   .ind    laie    inline;    then  eolitinnc 
hetUeeli   tie'  led  and   hl.lek   heaeoii-  a-  lei  i|o|oi  r  dlleelid. 

<Ji(iiiilntiiii  Sliilinii,  .Sii/i  liiti/ii  /.'«(i/.  — < 'oiiilin-sliiliei  -  appointed  h>  ihe  linled  Sl.ite.s  li,i\e 
repotted  III  lavdriit  loeatiii;;  the  (iDViTiiiiieiit  <(iiai. inline  .siatum  on  llie  .slinre  jii-l  iiiiitlnvanl  itf 
the  jioint  at   I.. I  l'l,i\.i. 

I'lir  the  lei^lllat  io||s  of  I  he-e  (  hiMrnilielll   sl.lt  ioii  ..  >ee  liot'ee  1 1  lid  el    Sail    I  "la  lie  i  sen. 


I'Arll'Ic    CoASl'    I'll.ol'. 


'-'5 


riT  a  ciMirsi' 
l.\  il,  Krr|i|IIJLj 

Mill,  nil  \  mil' 

ih'i'il\   nil    I  llf 

i'\cr  stiik\ 

'-.  ■_'  ,iiii|  I  i 

<    I  VV  ICIl    II  (I 

No-.   I  ,ih<l 

Mil   ill'>    ll.llc 

•I  lor  M.ic  k 
>r  Mill  li  ii'il 
'.iron   Ni..    I 

li.iir  :i  null' 
n   Nil.  tl  Is  III 

'  III  a  mill'  III 
M  ,111111  clii.sc 

>  Iril  Ill'.ICilll 
l'.\    S.  \  S.). 

til<    liulrs  III 

lit  1^1  ,i';si:.) 

u  h.ll  \is,  Ilir 
.llilii'l   Is   Well 

t.  .Il><!   .11    Mil' 

ii'.ihIk'iI  ami 

.V    mil.      'I'lir 

alla.st  ;'i.iii| 
>nli|  iii>i  IM-.S 
!all;ts|  I'liiiii 
■;  il  111  w  aliT 
II  ji  Ini  II  ami 
:ili  I  hi'  Slim 
mil  sc  u  III  ii. 

1'     llll     I    Mill  S|. 

MM  l.illmms 

|i'«  II    V*  lllll    I 

lliat   ruiiisi- 
Ir  aliall  II,, 

111'    IIMII  s,.    1,1 
lll'l     lll'l  \N  11    II 

li.iill  ;;i. lllll 
'11  «  iiMliiiiic 

■"l.iti'.''    Iiavr 
iilint  ml  III 


II  hi  .--     \  I     S  \N     KiKlid. 

(;.' lll'l  al  iiMiiaiks  11 1  Mil  I  llll'  iialim-  111'  I  In'  liilr-i  will  'n'  ■.'Im'Ii  w  Iu'Ii  iliscii.«:,siiiu'  I  Ik'  tiili'.K  at  S.iii 
I''i'aii(  isi'ii. 

Till'  ( 'ui  I'd 'I  I'll  Ksialilislimi'iii  iir  .ill  mliTv  al  liil  uciii  ijii'  In if  liic  i n's  tr.iii.sii  ami  tiic 

liiiifol'  liijili  water  a  I  1-a  I'iaxai-i  !.\''  .W '.  'I'lif  iiiraii  i  ix- ami  tail  nf  liilcs  is  tliii'f  aiifl  .si'\  ciiii'iillis 
I't't't.  Ill'  ■■'jiiiii;,'  tiili'-<  li\i'  l'''t,  iiiiil  III"  Mi'.i|)  tilled  twii  ami  llin  r  Iciillis  In  !  ;  till'  iiiraii  (linaliuii  nf 
tilt'  lliKiil  is  li  •  L'.r  ;  111'  llll'  I'lili  li  0  ;  ami  111'  I  III'  ,slaml  tf'  .'!l>".  'riii- a\  era;;!'  ililli'l'iiiri'  lirl  uicii  tin' 
('(ini'cli'il  r'.stalili.sliiiii'iit  'if  till-  a.  in.  ami  |i.  in.  liilrsur  tin'  .s.iini'  day  is  !'  •_'!•'  I'nr  lii.uli  w.ittr,  ami 
l''ti"  fur  liivv  w.itiT.  Till'  ilillt'lrlici"^,  xviii'li  tin-  Iiiiuiirs  tli'cliiiat imi  is  ;,'r('al('s|,  arc  L"'  I  "  ami  I' 
.'iii  ,  ii's|i('riiM'l\.  Till'  aviT.i-i' i|i'l«'ii'iii'r  in  till' lici;;!it  ol'  tliisc  I 'mi  t  iijis  is  nm' ami  a  li. ill"  reel 
(tir  I  lie  liii^li  uali'is  ami  f«'>  ami  kiic  Icntli  t'l'ct  I'nr  tin-  inw  w.iti  is.  When  tin'  immir.s  <it  riinaliiHi 
IS  ■.'ii'.itcst,  tliosi'  ilillcirmisan'  luuaml  t  wu  Ici'll.  .  I'l'i't  ami  tlini-  t'l'il,  r"'S|ii'i'ti\  i'l\ .  Tin'  aM'ra'.:r 
ililVi'lt'inc  of  llll'  lii^lhT  lnirli  ami  luwiT  low  « .ilci  s  of  tin'  .s.iiiii' (ia\  is  li'.  i- airl  a  li.iH'  I'^'t,  ami 
wlii'ii  till' iiiniiir.s  ili'i'liiiitiiiii  is  greatest,  .si\  ami  tliici' tcnliis  t'ci't.  Thi'  lii;;lii'r  li".ili  lilc  in  tin- 
t  Weill  s  rmir  hniirs  iinnis  ali.iiit  It '  II  "  al'liT  tin-  iminirs  ii|i|ii'r  transit  i  soiil  iiiii;:  ,  wliiii  I  lie  iiii  inn's 
(li'i'liii.iMiiii  is  liDilli.  ami  alimit  .i''  I'i"  Ih'I'iHi'  ulnn  .smitli.  Tin'  lowi-r  nl'  tin'  Imv  w.iIits  ui'i'iii-s 
aliiint  M'\rn  ami  a  i|iiaii   r  Ih'iiis  allt-r  tiir  liu'licr  lii'_']i  tiilf. 

The  I'icali'st  iilisci  \  111  (liU'crt'lii-c  lirtwcrii  two  Inw  watcis  nf  iMii'  il.l\  was  I'liiii'  ual  twii  triitlis 
I'l'ct,  .111(1  llll'  (,'rc,ilrs|  ililVi'i'i'iici'  lii'txM'cn  till'  lii:;lii'r  liiiili  .iml  liiuir  l.iw  w  il.i's  nl  ma'  ila,\ .  <'i;,'lil 
ami  I'lLilit  triitlis  ici';. 

Tlic  twii  tiili's  III  till'  saiiii'  (l.i\  .ii'i'  ;^('ii''i  ally  nnciinal  in  |irn|inrl  inn  tn  tin'  mnnn's  ili  rliiial  imi. 
Till'  I  mil'  .1  ml  lii'iL;iil  I'.i'i  III'  ii'il.iiiii'il  a|i|irii\ini.ili'ly  li  niii  I  Jii-  rnjlnw  iii:^  Iilile  : 

\|....|l   H   I.IWr  I    III   Tiilj.lll   ;  .i-*,I  ,  •. 


.Mm.mi    I  ill  (  IiH.iUmIi. 


M....II  .»  ii|i|t»'r  nil  liilt.tii  pii-sii^f. 
Hijli  tt;ilrr.  I,.tw  «.il.r,  lli.:li  w.ili-r.  I.'iw   wihl. 

Ilit.n.ll  ll.i.hl  li.'.nil  n.|;;l.l  ll.Nn.ll.         II.  i;;!.!-         Illl.'lv;l1.         II    U^t.    ; 


I  >riMl<  ^t  iiiiilli 

/  1..      

till  iti'nt  .•.mill 


il     M 

;  .f 

/'    If 

K  .kI 

:.  r. 

:i;  \<i 

'J  .'■' 

t.  ■) 

v<  1« 

]'i  21 

.1  : 

It  .'." 

r),  :i 


'.'  1 


II.    M. 

f..' 

/( 

\i 

Ill  ;:i 

:!.  7 

11 

.' ^ 

•J  n 

4. 'J 

r. 

I'l 

-  .-i;! 

s.r. 

M 

ii'i 

I 


Till'  liili'i  \  .il  is  In  111'  aiMi'il  In  III.'  til r  till'  im  mil's  im-i  ii  i  i.i  II  |Mss.i'^.-  In  -i\  I-  I  hi'  t;:m   nl'  Ir  ;li 

or  I'lw   w.iii-r.      I'iii'  luiic  nl'  llll'  iiinnii's  n|i|ii'i'   aif.iiii  in  |i.iss.iui'  is  '^i\i'ii    m   tli.'  .ilin.inai'.  .nnl   lln' 

til r  lis  Inwcr  iiii'i  iili.iii   |i.iss.i4i'  IS  t  III' iniililli"   hi'iwi'i'ii   iwn   siic('issi\  e   nii|Mr  passaxe-.     Till' 

llfi;;lils  arc  ^'l\  en  in  lee  I  ami  tent  lis,  ami  slmw  tlie  rise  alii)\  c  the  le\  el  nl'  t!ic  .l\  eia'.;c  nl  I  lie  Inw  esl 
Inw  \\  .Itci  s  ;    In  w  linji   li'\  cl  t  lie  sniimliims  nil  I  lie  eli.ii  I    arc  ;;i\  en. 

Sj}riii<l  I'nli.i.—  \t  till'  lull  ami  eli.lll;:c  nl'  tlie  lannii  the  liiuli  '.i.ileis  will  lie  se\  I'li-I  ell  t  11  s  nl'  .i 
font  hi;;  her  I  li.iii  the  al>ii\  e,  ami  the  Inw   w  .lll'l'  M'\  I'll  I  I'll!  lis  III'  a  1.  ml  Inw  ei . 

Sti\l>  I'l'l,  s.  —  .\|  the  lniiiili"s  tirst  ami  1  ist  ipi  irleis  ihi-  |ii'_;!i  u  alers  u  ill  lie  si'\  in  leiil  lis  nl'  .i 
('.Hit    Inwer  I  li.in  ;;i\  ell   In   the  alin\  e  t.ilile,  ami    lilt'  Inw    W  iler  will  nnl    fall     IS  Inw    li\    si'\  I'll  I  en  I  lis  nl 

a  ln.>:. 

Till'  in.ireli  nftlie  title  I'l'nin  the  h.ir  tn  the  wli.iil'at  Sin  l)ic'_'i>  a\  er.i:;t's  lil'lii'ii  miaii'.'s.  Imi  is 
siili|iet  ti>  i.,'re,il  iri'i':,M'l'"itii's,  prnlialily  nii  aernint  III' w  iml  ami  >well. 

I. 'ill- mil  iinil  l.'iiiiiiliili  111'  sl.ilinns  i:i  Sin  I  ln-^n  r..i\  .—  Tin'  |iiiiii.iiy  .is|  rnmiaiie.i!  si. 1 1  inn  nl'  I  lie 
t'n.l.sl   ami  (  ieiiilelie  Sill  \  e.\   is  nil  I  he  Iniiml  |n|>|iei|  hill,  nlii'  linmlreil  ami    lllliel  \    I'niil   lei'l    ill;,'ll     lllll 

I  i|n.ir:er  111' a  mile  wesi  siiiithwcst  iif  l,.i  l'la\a. 

Its  :;en;^I  .l|illie  il    |iiis|I  inll   is  : 

l.ilitii'li- :i'.'        II       :.-     II  iiiirlli. 

l-"i'«:tiiii" ti:      tl     i:    •.'  wi'st. 

I  Ir,  111  liiiii- 711     !•      .'.s  .- 

s 

The  ina;,'nctie.  variation  was  !:!    .'iS'  rast  in  ls.S"i,  with  an  annual  increase  nl"  r.."i. 

This  statmn  is  also  a  lienell  inai  Iv  I'nr  the  Inn;,'  .series  nl'  tiilrs  nhserved  here. 

1  llf  lt'le;;ri'|illit'  .1st  rnlinili  leal  st  it  mn  nl'  I  lie  (  'msI  a  ill  (  l.'nilel  ie  .'siii'\  e\    in  .'^.lli    I  >;e4'n»  1  s  nii  tin- 

■  In  I7i;'.l  llll-  I.ilitii.li'  ..I  "S.in  |ii.  .;.>  at  I  lit'  i'iltii|i  tin  ii|iu'il  l.y  lli.'  ii\  .'ilaii'l  i'\  p.'.lili.m  "  »  as  il.'Ii'i'ni  ii  1  ti\  I'.'ii 
Mh  li.liI  {'ulist:ili/ii,  ill.'  i'l|._'lMri'l'  111  li.n  .  (i:is|i;ir  I 'iil'Nlla't  i- \  jn'il  ll  l.ill,  ;ls  :l'.'      II     ll.illli. 


m^^ 


2f! 


r\(iric  (<'\>-r  riiDi. 


brow  ..(•  Ill,-  phlt.MiI  :iIh.v.'  Ihr  I..U1,,    mmI    I ll.'l  .hM    I^Iiv    I    'l'"^-'  ""■  >•«>■•"    "I"    '' •' 

of  As),  aii.l  S.'vruil.  .-iivHs.  mihI  iH,ul>r,l  1.^  ..  luirl>  \<uy.     Ii.  u.o^i.iplnr,,!  I.U-II...I1  i>; 

:i  •       I  ;     HI.    .1  II, mil. 
l.atiliicli- 

1...m:;iIiii1i' ■ 

1  M.  til  liini' 

Tl.o  iM,..ui.clic.l,M-liii:.ti..n  ohsm-Mlal    tins  sl.i'i  .n  in    M.iv.  l-H.  "■>-   H      I'iT.M  I.  "iMi   :>n 

ailllll.ll  iilcHMx'  of'.'  .."•"•.  ''Ill   tlli'H-  w  i>  r\  it|rlill\    !<»  .il  .lUr;li'l 

Tli;s>I.ili>'ii  li.is  1 H  iiM'.l  .1^  liii'  -t.iilin-  pniiil  I.T  all  111.'  l(>n-ilihl.'>  .il.-iiu  tli«'  '":">>  oC  I.ou.t 

('alirmiii.i. 

Til,'  fomitiy  aioiMi.l  .s,i!,  Di.-n  1".  i.v  tor  iii  iii>  uiiIin  is  a  •:i.'al   iiMr  l.in.l  ,il I  ihirr  iMin.linl 

iiiiil  liflvtV.t  a!>ov.-lli--.HiM,aii.l  rut  iij' iii  iii.iii\  I'latr-,  l.y  .l.r|.  aii.l  -liai  (.  ai  lov,...      I  lu^  lal.lr  laii.l 

islooiuivli.'tl  lornillivalion.an.l.ia  i I  pl.i.'..^.  t..o  flrvatr.!  |..r  ii  ri-al  loii.      In  llir  tixci  I.oiiomi 

and  aloii^'  (lie  valleys  ol  llic  smallrr  >nvaiiis  tin'  soil  i,s  mli  ami  -nnai. 

Tla-pcat  tliau'lia.U  al>oiil  Sui  Di.'^'o  I'.ay  i-i  lln-  Man  il\  ol  Ti.  >li  wat<  r.  \vlii.:i  is  olii.oiird  iVoin 
wells.  ili.Miv.T.  ami  .sm. ill  sinaiiis.     In  Iv.l  an  rlloi  t  w.is  mail.' to  ol.l.iiii  a  .siii.|.l\  al   I.a  I'layahy 
siiil.iiiu' ail  ailc-iaii  \vll.  I'lil  all.'i-  i.oriiu' m\  liiiiuln'il  ami    Ilnilv   Th.-IitI  llo'  allriii|il   uas.iliaii 
.loiu'il.     .\l.ouI  III.' s, mil'  tun.' a  similar  altfmi'l  ».i-s  iiM'1«'  a!  S.ui  |)i«-o.  aii.l  aiiotioi  iii  !>:  •;   now 
it  is  |'io|ios,m1  Io  I'liiiLr  til'"  watiT  fio;n  Ihr  lii-li.T  i.ail.sof:lit'  San  I)i.'-o  \l\\,\: 

Tlu'a\rr.ii:i'  I  liii  fall  al  .^aii  Dii'j"  lor  liiiil\oin'  yrarsnas  iiiiifaml  a  li.ill  iiu-lics  :  ami  diiiiii;: 
till'  loiiu'  di\  .si.isoii  till'  livi'ilosrs  ii-ill'iii  tlif  s.iml,  and  llir  iiiliaiiit.ini.s  at  ti  rold  toun  ami  alon- 
ili.TiviTl.oIt'iniarc  tlicu  .■orapillnl  toilij,'  in  ifs  ii.'.!  lo  olitain  tli.'ir  Mii'i.lv  of  wai.  i.  To  i1h-uiii1.i 
ol'  I'^T.i  Iliiivli  id  I'nn  no  wal.  r  in  tin'  livii  for  a  pniod  <•(  ti .  <•  >  .ais.  ronsii|Ufnl  upon  tin'  piv\  imis 
dry  \\iiiIiT>.  Til.' fwllowiiii:  taM,' f\lii!'ils  111.' iii.an  iiioii[li!y  rain  f.ill  al  San  l>ic-o  for  tliirl\  one 
ycurs.  up  to  jss;  : 


SllUIIIlrl  : 

.luiH*  .  .  . 
,Illl>    ... 

.•\ii>;iih| 


. .     ''.  "* 
..     I'.  Ki 

M.  .1:1 


Inrl..  " 
Willi, r: 

|ii,i  iiiIhT , .      '.'■-'" 

.I.iiiiiuty -^      1 .  .*»* 

r.  Iiriiurv I.'.'T 


AuliiMin: 

.S'liliinliiT ".mi 

(I.  loll,  r ".  ■-* 

NiiviMiili.r 1.11 

I    <l 


M..i,!i 
A|.i  1 
•Mav  . 


1.".' 

<>.:■: 
I'.  :n 


Avfia;,'!'  iiiiiiiial  r..in  fall  fipials  '.I.."i  iin-ln's. 

The  town  of  Sill  Dii'-o*  lias  iiiiriMx'd  in  si/,-.  vMMJili.and  |iopnIation,  and  a  new  town,  naimd 
•' National  <'ii\."  h. IS  i'lcii  IiidIi  nplliir,  miles  >oniii«  aid,  while  the  old  ^>^^n  1 . ■mains  nuieh  the 
saiiiU  as  ill  |ire\  lous  ye.il  s.  'I'he  popiil.ilii'ii  lionlelin;;  upon  the  l>a\ .  .leeoidiiiu;  lolhe  eeii>iis  of 
Isso,  w.is  heaily  ;!,iMiH.  Inii  «  iih  the  railroad  eonneelion  now  iiiiule  at  (  olton  with  the  {•real  ■^ellellle 
of  tlie  .'>onthein  I'aiilii'  the  eoimtiA  is  \i'iy  ripally  liHiii;,'  up. 

('oiniiinniea'ioii  witji  San  ri.iiHaseo  and  lli"  hoithein  orwilidwaid  jMirts  is  inailil, lined  liy 
steamers  e\ery  Ii\eda,\~,  and  li\  le^iilar  lines  of  .--ailin;;  sesseis.  When  iNliiMir  a-oiiines  a  imne 
liraetieal  .shape  t!ie  hai'oor  ot'  San  i>ie^o  wdl  lie  all  ililpoitalil  port  therefor.  Alread\  -evei.il 
small  eonipanies  ai  e  en^jaiT'd  in  lie'  uhaliiiL,'  liiisilie^s.  'ihe  vateis  in  Ihi.s  \  ieinilv  alioniid  wilh 
the    ••(  'lli  torn  i.l  tire  \  >."'  u  hi.  h  ale  \  ,  ly  11  onhleKOIlie  to  (leal   with   unless  the  1 10111  II  la  nee  IS  Use,  I  III 

killiii:,'  them. 

San  1  >ie.L,'o  It.iy  ".is  ili~eo\eied  !iy  .In, in  iJodi  i^'Ue/,  Calnillo.  a  I'ol  i  ll;;ilese  in  t  he  sei'\  lee  ot 
.'"'p.llll,  in  .'■^eptellllii  1,   1 ')  i..' ;    e.illeil    j'.l    I 'iti'I  lo  de  .-^an    \1 1 .:  lie! .  ,i  ml   pl.ieed  I  >>    luill   1 II  l.l  1 1 1  111  le  . !  1      '.'i> 

north,  .-iiow  III;;  ihe  impel  leeihni  ul'the  in>triiiin'nls  ami  the  modes  of  oh^erv  in;;  in  those  d.i\  •■. 
lie  found  ^le.il  nilinlieiN  of  Indiuis  heie,  who  ieeei\eil  liilii  liospilalily ,  'iiil  with  eailtloii.  It  le 
eei\edils  present  liatne  tl'i'll  Si  li.l.>l  l.lll  \' i/e.iMio.  W  ho  >iil'.  e\  ed  11  III  No\ellil>er,  I'ln:'.  <>li  Ills 
ehail   he  ll.lS  called   it    ••  I'mrlo  liil'  no  ile  .->.   I»je;;o." 

It  IS  usually  s.iid  tll.ll  theie  w  .is  a  ;rreat  foie-1  ol  o.iKs  alnl  other  tiees  on  (lie  iioithwest  viile 
of  tlielia\.  This  IS  a  mist, ike.  and  il  has  e\ideiill\  ari-en  fiom  a  mi-lraesjation  ot  t|ie  wonl 
"innlite."  The  llioiile  of  Vi/eaimi  is  Ihe  elev.lted  rid'^e  of  I'ollil  l.oiii.i.  whieli  proteet>  I  he  pol  t 
fr   ai  the  liollliwesl  uimU,  and  on  whieh  his  ollieers  found  a  ^re.it    de.il  of  Mood  of  e\  ery;ii-eii  o.ik 

•Koriiifil}   kihiwii  lit,  .Ve«  'I'on  11,  lln-ii  .\r«  .san  I'l, •;;,,.  uinl  tin  n  Smnli  S^iii  llii'j,;,!. 


I 


I'ACIIIC    C'.iASI     I'll.iiT. 


27 


.11     I  ll Mlll'l 

1^  : 

■Ml,. 

.  «i 

'■■'   I.  s\  r.\i    :iii 

l'.l>l    111     \.n\\  II 

I  lllri-   llllllllli'il 
I  lll^  l.ll.lr   I. mil 
■iMI     ll.illiiiii 

'liliMH  i|  llMIM 
I"  1.1  l'l,l>.l  l.\ 
ll|il     VV  ,1S    .ill  III 

III  l>;  ' :    iMiw 

'■^  ;    :hii1  iIiii  iii^' 

I'"  n  .iiiil  .iliiiii; 

I'l"  tliv  \\  mill 

>ll  I  III'  |i|i\  inlls 

'  liir  iliiM  \  uiif 


l.'.'T 


II.  :■.> 

(Mil 


ami  111  iirl  I  irr-i.  .mil  ^lil  nil-:.  I'll  HI  I  I  III-  --ll  III  III  it  III'  ••  I'll  M  I  III  1 1'  "  lIli'N  1 1.  II I  a  \  ii'W  111'  iTli-i  ;,Mrat  1m  \ . 
wliM'li  iiriilfi'li'il  riiiiii  .ill  wiinU.  Ami  lliis  iiil:^i',  ul  llii-t'i-  l('.i;:iii's  liiii;;  ami  hall'  a  li'a;;m'  wiil.  . 
IkiiiuiIh  ilii'  liav  to  till'  iMiitliui'.si,  ami  mi  I  In'  nt  liii  >iilt',  tnw  aiils  llic  iim  t  li  wrsl,  I  Immc  isaiintliiT 
;;iiihI  |hii1.*       TIii-^  l.illri'  is   l''alst'  lla.\. 

La  I'l'ioii-.!' 1  111  I  7"^7  I  y;i\  i">  a  i'ii|i,\  nC  an  l'jii;lis|i  iii,i|i  uC  ."^.m  I  tii';;ii.  nl'  I  7>'_',  mi  u  Im'li  mi  naiiir 
IS  as.>i;;iii'il  In  tin'  /iiiiii:a  Slmal,  I  ml  tlx'  slin.il  iiisnlr   ll.illa-t   I  'miit  .iml  nmlii   i  In'  la.stii  n  •■Inni'  |> 

calli'il    "  •'~<liiial   iiT  /nlll^.l."      I;. ill. I-;!    I'vim    1-*   rilli'il    •'rmiil    ( I  ni-..ii  m^,"  ami    I'niiit    I a   ''llill 

rmiil." 

I  >ali.\  in|ilr.  In  .laiiii.iis.  1  r>'.l,  |imIiIi>Iii''I  .i  i'ii|'.\  'if  a  .S|iaiii>li  iliait  ul'  Sin  iMi'^^n,  ul  17sl', 
No  ii.iim'  i>  altai'lii'il  in  it ,  I  ml  il  i-'  in  iiki'il   ■■  takmi  Inun  S|i,mi>li  iiiaiiii>ri  ijiis." 

'I'lii'  i'\is|i'iii'('  I  if  a  liar  at  I  In'  fiiiiami'  uf  t  hi-;  pm  I  u  is  ilisruv  ciiil  liy  \  .iinim\  i  r  in  I  7;*  >,  ami 
III  ll  It  ii'i^ill;;  till'  lil.ili  111    tlir  li.iili'ii    li'llili-'hi'il   li,\    1  ).ill  \  inpli-  ill    I7'>_'  III'  li'ni.iik-.: 

Tills  |il:ill.  Ill  jiiiilll  111  iii||itII|.ih,  is  jinally  I'lllnliil  In  IllUrli  |i|;ll-.i-,  lull  was  M'l  lajHllili'.  as  lar  iisr.lllli'  llliilrr 
inv  I'lisirv.iliiHi.  Ill' llii'  filling  111'^  lillli'  iiii|ii'iivi'iiii  Ills :  Tin'  si  rilf  ii'|irisiiiiiiii»  \\\v  naittiral  inilrs  sli.mlil  mily  miIi- 
tniil  lliii'i' mill's  ami  a  hull ;  llii'  slmals  ul'  llairus  i|.'  /."miih  i.  lliiiiii;!i  -.m'I!  jil.niil,  iiisii  i.|  i.l  Imihu  i-.mi  ilishiirt 
hli'ials  iiii);lii  111  luiv"  lii'i'ii  OIK'  I'liliri'  sIhuiI,  slii'ti  Inn.;  siiiiiiIIiIiil'  rinlln-r  In  lli>'  imi  i  li\\ .  ..i  anil  sniillirast  lliaii  is 
tlnTriii  ii'|iiisi'iili'il  ;  .iinl  lip'  s.iiiiii|iii;;s  In- 1  with  It  ii  I'ls  dr  /,iiiiiii);a  ami  I  In  l.iml  nl  I',  ml  a  ili-  l.i  l.iiiii.i  i  will'  li  is 
iiiinlli'ili  .ir«  11  M'l  |iail.  Iniiii  iIh'  sn'illi  ixt  ri'iiiil  v  "■'  III.'  lui.ni.i  iliu'llv  .m  H'ss  In  tin'  lall'  i.  im"|'<'  lliitii  li'iii  I  illniiiis 
III  lillli  walrr,  ami  Icirni  a  liiirrmv  liai  t'r.nii  tin'  sln.u-  t..  lli..  sl.n.il.  ;^iailii  illy  i!ii  |iiiiiii^  a~  «.  II  mi  ili.-  iii^icl.-  i>  mi 
llii<  inilsiilc  111  till'  liar,  willi  a  niciilar  nn'na.si'  iii  mil  i  h.inm'l  I'lmn  r.viv  rlu-.!'  l.i  llir  slicu  .  to  im  rallimn-.  Iniwrru 
till-  Ivvii  liiu   jinnils  Ilia  I  Imiiii  iIu'  I'lilLtin  "  In  tli.'  jim  I.      .  \'<<l.  II.  |i.    17  I   > 

(>nli,illa>t  I'. lint,  at  iIicIi.im'  ut'tlic  I'uiii'  l.mna  i  iilui',  w  n  I'linml,  m  l^il.iln'  i  iiins  uf  lln- 
iiM  S|i.inisli  I'm  t  ilii' ilimis. 

\  .mriiii\  IT  li.is  ,1  \  ii'u  lit'  I 'mil  I  i.mn.i  .mil  i  ln'  I'lit  r.mri'  In  San  1  >iiuii  in  lii>  \  uliiim'  ul'  cii.ii  I  -. 
Till'  l.iii'>l  cli.iil  (if  San  I»ii'l;ii  \\.i\   is  iliat  ul'  I'sSii,  liy  tlit'  Cti.ist  ami  (i litii'  Siiim'n. 

M'Kinilii-  Ihiliiiiiliiiii  — I'ur  |^->."i  till'  liin-  ul'  I'ljii.il  ina'^iii'lir  ili-rlin.il  imi  ul'  Imiiiiin  il. '.^nis 
ca^l  cuts  t  In'  <'iia>I  liiif  in  l.il  it  inli'  ^!_'  .'■_'  ncir  tin'  licnl  uf  San  I  >n'.;u  ll.i.s ,  .mil  iiiu\  rs  .iiiiiii.ill.\ 
one  ami  mii'  li  ill'  miiiiiii's  |u  tin'  iiurt  li  w.ii  il.  'I'lic  oi'ini.il  ihi  irt  imi  ui  ilii->  Imr  is  \m'-,|  suniliwr^t 
(\VS\V.)  ami  cast  iiuiilii'a.sl  illNI',.  . 

Ihiji  Siii  .Siunnliiiiis  III)'  S'lii  I'l'i/ii, — 'I'lic  r.  S.  >Ii'aini'r  I'lisi  mm  ll.  in  1^7-!  ami  I's7l.  r.ili  t\M> 
I  i  Ill's  III  il('('|i  sia  >mi  IK  I  111  ITS  truin  San  |)ii'L;u,  mii'  liiiii:;  luwauls  ami  lii'_\uml  i  Im  (  ui  tcs  ILink  aiuiiml 
its  simtln'iii  111;,')',  ami  tin' utlnr  iliicrils  tu  ilic  .sunt  ll  west.  As  IIh'.si'  arc  m.ilti'i-.  u|"  iiitcrcit  tin; 
li'Niill.-.  air  liimlatrtl  as  lulluw.s  : 

IAVr.\I;V  •:    \Nli  7    l-T*. 


•J.  II" 

w  town,  iiaiiicil 
laiiis  iniii'li  III,. 

"  I  III'    ri'ii^il-.  III 

I'  ;,'it'at  -I  Ill-Ill,. 

in.iiiit.iini'il  liy 
■■miiiu's  a  iiiuii' 

lliai|\  scM'ial 
,\  aliiiiiml  w  ll  ll 
am  T  i>  Use, I  III 

tin-  s,.i\  II-,.  ,,{■ 
ilitmli-  .;  I     .'11 
ill  lliii>i-  i|.i\  -,. 
.inliun.      it  i,> 
I'K'-.'.     On    Ins 


n  3 
u  5 


I'l.ir,.  ,.1   s>>iil|,titi^. 


I  ■'iii|>t't.itiir',>. 
l-nhi 


li.|.tli 
I   ll    N        l.iiiii'.  \V  iiiilii,-i.       111. 11. Mil 


Ch.ira.  I.T  ..f  Isill.ini. 


l/i'.«  Kii'*..iii» 

itfj  i'.'  u  iiv  -JO  :i  :*  ■• 

It)  .I-.'  .11  117  t:  i.v.  s»  •> 

i;i  'M  3(1   .    117  '.'i  ii.'j  .-,;  K 

17  L'  :■;  117  .-:  ■.:»  :,.  n 

H  ;ij  :i:i  117  .--  ii>.7  .Vi  ^ 

j:  i'i  17  117  17  i,iiu  :.»(  s 

I'.l  H  l>l  MK  I.'  MV,  M  I) 


T.'l  I'J    (HI  I1-.     'Jii 

W  ill     M  ll>     11 


.V.l'.  .Vl.  li 

.■mi        .'.II  I 


liriiN  nil. I  1.1.11-1.  s,tiiil  .1)1.    ^;i.1i.-ii  slii-lLs. 

n.trk  iiiii.l.  wall  Itliu  sallil. 

:\f  I  n.. 

>-   .<  11. .  k  ii.imI 

S  II  i>.. 

:ili.  .1  tiri'i  i:hIi  until. 

........I  UiH-k  .  tinil  li..tH.-«ii  IhiN  .111.1  11. '\t  -...iiimIiii. 

j      :i-.'s  I'.illiiiilis.  s.in.lv 

■I-   H  lll;i\   Miii.l.  lill.-  I.l.l.  k  -.|i.  .  k.->. 

..h  li  ll.i. 


I<M  (I     '<!         IIU    Ul  DAI  ,'<i  s  Mi        Wliitisli^ri'.  II  iimil. 


l;»            M  »3  11!)  •>            l.tll,-,           .-.u  11 

I'll       ;ii  'Ml  1.11  111       '.'.  irr       .".n ; 

;;(in         .11  m  i.u  Hi          i.  |7^         la  (I 

;iu  ;.'i  I'.'i  ,1. 

:io  m  in  ■> 


l,L'.|  rti  I 

3u  31   ]  va  u       ■j.ii.'-j  I    oil)        xt.v 


.a  «  '  v.'ii.i..  i-ii  I'I. .u It  iiiiitt. 

3:1  'I  iii..\>i,  1..11.1. 

,1. !)  n... 

2til           II.i  II              IIK  \  I'lLiulsli  liii.uti  iiiihI. 

U    *J  V.  tli.WJHll    hl.lUII   IllUit  itilll  IHI/l> 


11.1 


iurlli«i'st  siili- 

II  uf  I  In-  w,,|,| 
't(  rl  s  111,.  |„i|  [ 
'\  i'l;,'li-(-ii  II. ik 


■  I.I  ilia  Mi^m'iili.  ili's|iii,-s<l,.l  lil.iii.isti  .S.iii  \1  ,1 1 ,11.  |>  ,|  i  4  M  , mill  1,  maml..  i-l  (ii-m-uil  I'm  ra  alj;iiiia  ;;i-iili-  .1  u-i  i.nu- 

I  i-i  III!    .\l.iiil,-.  .|ii.' ii-s^Miiiil.i   a  ,-sl,'   riii-rii,  ,1,.  \'i..ut,i  N,iim-..l.-.  .\   Im   .1  .Mi.in  /    Alan >  i-l   Cii'ilaii  l'r.;m-i.'.  ,\  il 

r.-iilii'  I'l.i  Aiil'.iiMi  ill'  l.i  .\m  ,'iisi.i|i,  I  nil   iii'ini  All.  alim-1  Ills  ;    li.illal.ni   .11   .1    iiinciia  liiia  il.     laniiia.  ,\  i.l  1  .'^  .\i  li.'l.--. 

'""1" '"'I' Xii.c.  i  nir.'s,  .jii.' ^.-  |.,ii,'.  i.in  ti  ri  i;.iiiii-ii),  \  niras  \.  I  I..1S  iiiii\  i.il..nt'-i  i~.  \  -.iln.lil.l.-.      1  I  M..iili-.  >iui' 

i'H,-l  I-l' |., -mill, '.->!..  I'm  11.1  |i.ir.i.-l  \,iiii.-sli.,  ii.mli.i  ll-,.,  I.^nasili-  liirn  .,  \  im-,lia,li'  Ainlm.  \  il.-  l.i  nli-.i  (Ml  !.■  ili  I  N'liiin-slK 
di"  I'Htf  Miiiili'  liay  iilr.i  lim-n  I'liiiln. 


I 


•J.s 


r\t  II  ir  (  "\-.i    i'ii,.ir. 

in  1  IMIil  I,      1    \M>   W.  IfT.I. 


8! 

if  !•!....,. I  ...utul...^ 


ii.--      I  .1    N       l,.iitf  \V 


Ii.|.il, 


iMMtH'i.ttnf 
1    .l.r 


U»tiHi-         |'.iti««" 


.Tj    :'.'        ii:    it  :'i 


lit 

>•.  .  .  ■  ;if  M 

m         '.  .1  nil  !'■ 

iio        i.  :i  im  SI 

iia       x:  ■»  nil  M 

Mil         ..J  Vi>  lil'  'o 

ICill  .tj  1*J  l-.O  M»  l.llJJ 

;■•'        .1.'  II  t.d  m       1  Ku       :•" " 

a  51  l-.o  iia  Ml  f'T  li 

|;t  ii;  (IK  (J.  »»a  57  <i 

Xl  111  lltf  Vl  1:1"  ■«  ■ 


1  I..1I.IIII1  "I  l"lll""l 


hiik  iiiiKi 

\  .111.*  fiKtm  inii'l 

1  'iMr<«f  ):?»)  aniitl  ii>iiiill(*  »ttt  lU 


4i:.  -°>»  t 

•J,'.  Ml"  .IS*  Villi>«»  lm'»ll  "'"'< 

i.l> .  '.!•  II 

vr.  SOI' 

;:.ii  .Ml  5 

;ii»  Ml  " 

Ml  .'.»  " 


S«  It 


..,  I.M\   .Kill  Mil  It   ''illill 

117  1  Iitflit  lit niii'l   «ill>  *"••*'  * 

,til  1  V.llim  mil.)  hH'I  •km'I 

.ill  ;>  litJI   MlQll  * 

jn  '^  \  I  ill'*  iiniwii  mini 

ill.  I  iii.n  i.l.ii'k  Mtiiil.  oiili  iiiii<  2iit<i>l 

43  7  \  ,'lUm  lironii  imitl. 

:ri  I  lUnl  l-lmli  Mini. 
•>  I  I  hi 

1 1.. 


*  No;tr  I  t»rit«  ••li'irtl. 
1A1..S1     HAY 

Till'  iinitlii'in  iilu''-  I't'  t)if  in!j'-  I'f  r r    I. .1.  Ii.'iilirin;:  mi  tin-  si-.i.  ur.i-lii,ill\  i1imTim-m'>  hi 

lii'i^iit  to  a  l(i\\  >.iiiil\   |iiiiiit  «liuli   liiiuliis   ilif  l.i>l    laiiil       .\liii.i>t    ill'  llii^  1 II.  a   lillli-  umi  a 

( I  Halt  IT  III'  a  mill'  In  iln'  imilli.  l^  tin-  Miiitlu'iii  tci  iiiiiiatiini  hI  a  Imi;,',  lti« .  iiairow  liiir  (if  saml  ilniics 
iiiiiiiiiiu  tun  mill'-.  I.)  il;i'  iimtii  li\   ui">l  Id  la.-r  lainl. 

I'.cliuiil  tlii^  liiu  Nainl^  iiinin>iila,  \<linli  i>  only  tVniii  "in-  Iimnlrcil  to  two  Iiiiiuln  il  ..  aii!>  w  iilf. 
lies  an  rxtt'ii-ui'  ^Imal  lia\.  i  allfil  I'iutI"  I'also.  nr  l'al-<'  Hay.  It  Hlri'trlns  inlaml  almiit  \\\n  ami 
a  li.ilt'  iiiili--i  111  till'  I'Mii  (ii  till'  liiL'li  l.iiiil.  .1:1. i  iiiiiii'  ill  III  iliiri-  i|iiatliT-N  I'f  il^  ana  i-.  iii.iinIi  .umI 
ll.tt-i.  liari'  at  l^u  ualri.  llirli'  i-.  a  \  n  >  iiai  lin\  rliaiiiii  1  lliinuuli  ll"'  ''a\ ,  w  itli  I  liii  i-  In  mm  ii'iin 
t'l'i't  111'  watiT  ill  it,  ami  a  lia>iii  I  liirf  i|iiai!i'i>.  uf  a  inili-  in  cvli'iil  w  illi  In  mi  nin'  tn  tiii  Int.  Tlir 
t'litiaiiri'  In  lii';\\fii|i  ;1k'  nmtln:  iiiimini  pail  nf  t!ir  I'miit  l.niiia  liil^'f  ami  tlii' saiitlv  pt'iiiiisiila 
Mii'tcliiii^' tVniii  till' iMU  111.  \\  itli  a  liinail  Imi  iiinii-  lliii;  .;  i|iiar!i  r  nl'  a  mili- mitsiili-  lia\  iii;;  milv 
tlirei-  I'i'ct  III  iv.iti-r  II]  11  111  It,  ami  tlic  « iinli'  uiillnn'  mat  knl  with    In  a\  \   I'li  .iKi  r-.  w  Inn  aii>  nv\c'|  i>, 

(III.  It  ran  111'  iliiN^,  1  i,;i!\  ,il  iii;;li  WatiM'  ill  tlu'  .>i|IHiii|llist  VMiSllnl.  1  III'  illtiam  r  lll>lili'  till'  111  I' 
111'  Imakr:  >  i>  a  I  mi  11  a  i|'i  11  tii  nt'  a  111  iji*  in  «  iilMi,  vn  il!i  I  liii  tciMi  t'fi't  ni  «  atri  in  I  lie  ili-iiusi  |i  u  I  ; 
but  i  111'  \\  nltii  iMtitrar!  >  t'l  om- ri;,lii  li  nl'  ;i  mill- ai    tin'   iniirr  cvticiiiit  \  nl'  tlir  saml  imint,  \mI  h   a 

(ll'|illi  nf  liilii'Ifi'll  lie'   MiilUi'iJ  nut. 

Till'  ii.iiili  |iniiit  nl'ilii'  ciitiamr  !<•  I'aNi'  11  i\  i^  i'liniiil  li\  l(iv\  iiiiims  .--aiitl  diiiii's,  ami  i> 
iiaiiH'il  I'nKt   l/'./i/i(i.v,  liiil  nil  IliiN  ciMNt  it  j -^  t;i- 1 1 II  a  1 '  \   uiittrii  ^ll•,:allns. 

'i'lir  lia.\  lias  III!  iiiiiiiii  t.imi'  wliativiT.      It  nnu  ri'ii'iv  it-   Ilii'  waters  nf  the   .San  I»  i';;ii  l.'ivii, 

Whiill   temls  t  )  sllii  l!   it  stiU  imile.       il    uaslil^i    i  ern:.;iii/eil-  |i\    \'i/eainii  111    IliOJ. 

Fills-    I'miil.iir  l.,i  .liilhi.  —  I  liiMleiliati'lv    linl  I  ||\M'>!\1  aiil  I'l    I'aNe    l!a>    |i  i|'  nI  X  or  >i-\  ill   mile-.  I  lie 

shine  makes  a  rniimliiix  pnint  t«ii  nr  three  miles  tuitsnle  the  ;;eiieial  slime  line.     'Ihis  iiieseiits  a 

IneUy  i'ni>I  line,  u  here  the  sainlstnlle  cIllVs  ale  inilill  water  worn  ami  InillnWeil  nut,  'I'his  plnjie 
tmn  is  KiiiiwM  .1^  I  .ilse  I'nint  nn  ihe  (',i,isi  Sai\e\  eli.iil.N,  lull  as  I.. I  .lull. I  li\  the  .^|i,iniaiiU.  I'mm 
the  iiaiiie  111  the  ram-hii  in  (he  small  \alle>  on  ihe  iinrtli  snle  nf  it.  It  is  ten  ii.ili  >  iimtlmesi  l,\ 
iiniili  hiirmiilli  iNW.  li\   N.  J  N)  fiom  I'niiii   l,niiia. 

Ti.'i:  iiiA.si  mm:  1(1  rniM    ii:i;\iin. 
/',,(,   //.'/.— One  mile  smith  of  the  inu  n  nt    Iiil.Mai    ami  .si\   miles   mnihuaiil   limn    I'mnl   I. a 

.lilll.l  theie  Is  ,1  hilliiek  nt  Ihlee  liiiliilled  ,iml  lnll\  six  leet  i  Ir  \  a  I  mil  s|i.irsel_\  en\  el  i  d  «  Il  h  lHlli  s. 
'i'he  laee  iiT  Ihe  liiliiiekis  .m  llle;.'nl,ir  •!;!)  Im  li.lli-  t  he  shme.  .\s  this  is  !lieiinl\  |iine  enxeieil 
liilliiik  Im  maii>  imles  almiu  this  eni'st  line  i!  Is  an  iiii|iml,int  himiiiiark  tn  \essels  (h.il  an-  riiniiine 
clnse  alnli;,'  shore  ill  rii;,'L:\    weallii  i. 

To  the  linilh  ami  \M  ,1  n|  I'aKe  r,,i\  .iii,|  I'.iNe  I'miil  Ihe  shore  is  a  (■(illl|i,iel  line  of  elilVs, 
Ulihrnki'iie\ee|it  wheie  .-iieanis  sinh  as  ihe  riii.is,|iiitiis,  ,S  m  I  tie^nitn,  .San  Ileiiianlu,  San  I.iii.>* 
liey.  ami   S.iiit.i    .M.ii -.:i  iia  Imik  thiiiii^;h   'In-  ,|,e|,,  sh,!;],  \.ille\s  cilleil  e.uia.las.     The  hliil]   i.s 


M-71HJ 


r.\(iiir  coAsr   I'litrr. 


Ii  ii'i'.i->i>  ill 


.•  .in!>  w  i.lc. 

■'Ill    t  w  (I  ;nill 


III. II  ' 


Mill 

to    M\  l||'|-,.l| 

II    l'<l.        I'llC 

l>  ll<'lllll>lll.l 
li.n  III:;  .iiil\ 
^iii>  >\\i.!|  is 
Mill'  Ihr  hi  r 
•'■|'«  •>(  |.  lit  ; 
'>iiil.  Willi   a 


iii''>.  ami    i> 


•i'';,'ii  lluii. 


■II    llll!|■^    III,- 

'  I'li'^rllK  a 
I'liis  |H..|,  ,■ 
I'ImIn.  I'll, I, I 
illln\r-l   li\ 


I    I'l'iiit  I,a 

"  nil  I'llli  .s 

IM'   IIIV  III  ij 

If  liiiiiiih:,' 

if  111'   I  lills, 

.  •'^.iii  laii.i 
Ik'  liliill   is 


hnnli'inl  liy  II  iiai't'i'»  sand  licai-li ;  lu'liinil  tin-  liliii)'  ll iiiilrv  is  tMliJi- I  iinl,  t.iii^inu'  lioiii  I'mty 

III  lliiii'  luimlrnl  ami  lillv  lii't  al">\i'  llir  sim  |nr  Munr  ili^iaiiir  iiilainl. 

'/'/(>  I. ■iinl  trills  ill  tills  >l  nil  ll  111'  m  i>I  a  if  tlif  lii:^li  jiiaks  nf  tlif  iiiiiiinlaiii  i  iii;;f  >  l.\  iii;j  t  u  f  ii' ;. 
totui'iilN  liM'  iiiilfs  iii->|ilf  Mil' fiia^t  liiif.  'I'lif  liist  lali^f  Is  tlial  nf  >'(/;(/</ .l/r/c/ii,  I  \m'|iI.\  li\  f  iiiiIih 
iiinilifast  rmiii    I'liiiil    Lmiia,  ami    in    lai'l    tlii->  imiiil    i^  llif   nai  mw  iifiaii  ^|iiii' nf  Ihf  iaii::f  iimli'i 


i||il-lf  .Hillllllf,l>l    ll  IllK    llnw  -.   I  III'   S  111    l>lf_'ll    lilMT.        Till'    ll 


iL'lir^l  ]t<-\k    III   llif   San 


(a    Man  1  M..iiiit- 


ains  lifs  I « f  iil\  si\aml:i  halt'  mili-*  iniitli  lliiitv  Ihiif  ih';,'rffs  fa^t  (N.'i.l     I!..  Iiuiii  I'mnt   Inina 
la;;lil  ;   it  I-.  tliiff  lliiiiisaiiil  ami  till  \   Iff  I  ul)ii\  f  tlif   sfii,  ami  .'•hniilil   hf  \  i-iMc  lliii '  \  li\  f  iiiilf  h  al 


a.    Iii'MiihI     I'lillit     l.iiliia.      Its   a|i|il  i.Xlin.itf    ;,'fii-ia|ililfal    |inNiliiiii    i -,   latitinh 


Inn  jitmli 


llil 


iiiMil  ililami  liniii  San  laii>  h'fV  is  llif  limUi 


•n  I  Tfsl  III I'  tlif  SiiK 


l.lli^    li'll/     Mnlllll 


III  lis,  Nf  \  f  II 


li'fii  or  fi;,'litffii  iiiilfs  liii'ii  llif  f'la^t.  In  tins  laiuf  air  I  \\  i  piiks  w  Inch  aif  iiniaMf.  I'al  i 
Miiiiiiiaiii,  tliiriN  fijlit  hiin  lifil  I'fft  in  flfvatmn  ami  l.\  in^  I  a  iiii  \  I'lnir  nnlrs  nni  lli  Initv  sf  \  m 
i|i>(,'ifi's  fast  ;N.  17  I',  i  I'lnm  ihf  niniith  nt' tlif  San  laiis  llf y  <".in  i.la,  is  aiinrnxiriiatfly  in  laiitmlf 
■T! '■_'-"  ninth  ami  liin-ilmlf  117  nj'uf^I;  ami  Munnt  I'.ilaniar,  in  aii|irii\iaiatf  I  itiimlf.  ;'.  1  LI'.' 
iimi  li>n''iliiili;  ll'i    .">"'',  nailif-i  t'iiit\  lisf  hiimliiil  Iffl.  an  I  ln-s  tufnt\'  siv  ami  a  hall'  iiiilfs  mnlli 


lil'l  \     t\M>  (If ''Iff SI 


ast  (N.  :>-■     i:.;  Iiiiai  ll 


San 


I. Ill--  l.'fs  (■ 


It  shiiiilil  lif  vL-iililf  iicails  lilM 


III 


iU's  at  sea  lie  voml  Ihf  .slnuc  at  ( li-ia'i  Shh 


'{"vMaitv  til  l\MMii\  lixf  milfs  lirhiml   San  .In  in  •' 


ijii^t  I  ami  I-  t  'if  r'iiii|i.if  t  ■>'-'  / 1  ll 


ill  Siiiitii  A  I 


nsiii;;  t  uii  lli'iii-an 


1  t>)  tliiff  tli>iii<..ini|  t'fi't  aiil  I'lilniiii.itin^  in  tlif  ''ii-al  ilmiUlf  licnhil   I'l-.ik  S.i 


lia;.;ii,  lis  f  tlii'ii>.iml  .--iv  linmlifil  ami  (■i;;lit\  t«ii  liri  in  f  If  x  .ilimi.  ll  Ins  imrth  >i\tffii  ilf;,'iffs 
(•asl(N.  Hi  1!  1  Iwf  III  V  Miif  ni:lfs  I'l.iin  I'oinl  San  .In.in  < '.i|ii>iiami.  ami  .sliniihl  In- \i-iMf  .sixty 
iiiilfs  at  si.i  iHi;  ^iilr  111  I  hit  |ii.iiit.      It  has  lii-cn  ~.,-ru  l'r> 


nil   .1   \  TN-xlM  S  lli'fk    w  lii-a    t  -V  I   l\  f   III  I  If 


III  111 


wivstw.nil  dt'  I'liinl    lliiiiif  <i\ii    Ihf  luw  l.iml  uliifli   rniiiirfls  San    rfilm   Hill  wiili  tin- main.      It 
r»'ars  its  tiark  in.i-'S  tar  ahm  i^  tin-  li:.'litf  r  fnlmfil  -lii|ifs  in  Ihf  Inif  ;;iiiiiml.  .iml  is  -.iirli  .i  iioiaMf  la  ml 
tall  I'll-  all  this  ii-^imi  th.it  it  sii-iii>  a-tiiiii~liin_'  iifitliff  Ihf  nlil  .S|i.ini>li  n,i\  i-aini  -  imr  \',ini'iin\  f  r 
v\  f  r  If  til  ifil  tn  it. 

I'.ir  I II  I. nil  1  lifhiml  I  lifNi-  lniiki'ii   lim-s  oj'  i-n  i->t  nini  niain-^  i>  tlif  \v  ihl   in  i^s  nt'  tin-  Siui  .liii  inln 
1/I>l((l^.•/».<.  w  hnsi' [iciks  rr.ifh  |iinli,ili|\  si'\  i-ii  I  linii -.1  ml  lift  ami  III-  tnit\  In  lulls   lis  f  iiiili->  inl.iml. 


'riifv  aif  \  i- 


lilf  at  tints   iiiilfs  Irniii  ihf  .slmn-, 


Will   In  thi'   null  hi-a.st  svai'il.  ami   iii^iilf  ni'  all  ilif>f  i ini.iin-..  In-s  tin'   1:11  at  ■'<'iii  lUfniiiiHnn 

li<iii<ir,  i\\  a  (li>laiift)  ol'  .sixtv  m-  M-si-ii;y  milis  tmai  tin-  slmn-,  ami  AJih  |i(-.ik>  1  i>iii:,'  in  i-li-s  111 
tlmiisaml  ami  tssrlsf  thiiiis.iiiil  I'lfi  ;  Iml  tlic^f  iMiinni  in-  si-iii  nsi  1  thf  in  ast  i.iii;^fs  until  .ihifasi 
(if  S.in  I'l  ilin  r.as  ami  lifynml  it  olV  S.iiita  Mnnna  11. is. 

I'liiiii  I'nint  l.iimil  til  I'liiill  Siiil  ihinn  Ciiiil.sliiiiin  the  ciniiSf  is  mnth  tni'  y  ilf;^lffs  ssrst     V.   |il 
W.    .imi  tlif  ilisianif  tilts  ihirf   inih-s,  tin-  slinif   rftifalin^'   if;;nl.iils   si-Sfii   or  fi;;lil  milfstntln' 
»'asts\aril   at    almnt    miiin.is'  lii-tssn-n    thi-in.     'I'lif  ss  iin-^  nif  ilns  >ln-:rh  nf  fni-.i 


U  I  If  (Mllfll     till 


•»  i;.is  III'  Santa  Cat  iliii.i"'  lis  Vi/fiimi  in  ItHiJ.  'I'nssaiils  S.ni  .la. in  t'aiiisii.inn  tin-  li:i.'h  liilU 
a|>|iin.ifli  tlif  iniiiifili.ilf  slinif,  alinnst  nMilfi  itin^  Ihf  t.ililf  1  ami,  ami  tin-  nl>l  .si.ii;i>  mail  mailf  a 
(Iftniir  f  .1-1  \s  .11(1  lii'liimi  tlif  liilN  In  thf  imiilnsi-st  nl'  tlif  .iiii'liniaL;f  ni'.San  .Iii.m  < '.i|iistraiin. 
l'|iim  thf  I  liiV  lift  ssi-i'ii  l'fn,isi|iiiiiis  ( 'iff  k  .mil  I'niiil  San  M.itfn  (t  ssf  iity^fS  i- 11  mile-)  the  icnl 
runs  I'nr  .1  hinu'  (list.imf  user  a  tahlc  l.iml  nl  re  niai  k.iMe  c  s  f  nnos  ami  iiimlf  latf  c  h- s  atinn.  In 
plafi  >.  this  l.ililf  i>  m.ii  kfil  lis  iiinnim-i  ,iMi-  ;^i.is  <-Ils  hillni-ks  nl'  alimil  I  ss  i-iiis  nr  t  liii  t  s  Ifit  in  ili.iin 

etc  r  .iml  t  SS  n  III  I    elf  S  alinii  iilins  f    thf  ilf  |irf  s-liili- 


vsffll  liifin.     Till'  iiiniint  lin-  aihl  thf   l.iMf 


lai.il^ 


s  arc  fiiscffil  ss  iili  ^'■■•^'<  i""'  f ha|ian'al.  tint  ilfstitiii.' nt   tnrs. 

Alna;;    llif    line    (it    cna'-t     I  list   llif  lit  inlii  ll   tliil  f  is    Imiiil,'  cnli-.I  1  mtfil    a  lillf  nl'   r  lilrn.hl   111    |i  irt 

iimlfr  till'  ilill-.      Till'  liisl  lailmad  (i|i('liftl  ii|inn  thf  fn.i-I  at  thf  1 nli  nl  tin-  S  an  lai;-.  I.'i-s   1,'isi  r 

ami  liilln'.si'il  ll  In  ssithin  tisc  inilfs  nt'  L.t  .Inll.i. 


•Ul  CI's  SSl 


s|    N.i'i--.    \V, 


l.iMi'  lami  III  limit 


lliai    I'nillt    ( '.l|l|s||-ami   Ihf  fillllsr    tn    I'nlnl    La-llfll    is   llnllll    sixty    ll' 

ami  !lif  ill -t.iiiff  t\s  fills'  inilf..  u  nil  .1  |nlrr.ilil\  >tiaiulil  >li.iii-  lim-  .imi    1 

111  the  hills,  ss  111  rh  n-.i-  iVnm  m\  hirnliiil  In  i-h-s  ,11  humlifil  liit  in  i-li's  atmn  |nr  mmi'  t  haii  hilt  I  In 

(li-I.iiiff . 


I'lnii     I'niiit    l.asm-ii    tn    I'ninI    I 'f  I  111  I  li   t  In-  i-niiiM'    1-  sunt  ll  i-l::hl  s    -.1  \  ilf  ulifs  wr-l     .S,  si 


W 


ami  I  III' (list.iiiri'  |niii|(-i-ii  null  •- ;    Ihf    -linii'    1-.    \ii\    Inu   .iml    1  rl  1  i-at  s  Ii  s  f    inilo  tn  I  In-  nm  I  li '.s  ai  il. 
InimillU'  'In^  fIfSff  nl-.-hapfil    I'las    nt'  .'^.111    I'filln.        Tin-  rniii  sf  t'iniii     I'nillt    l.nin.l  III   I'ninl    I'llinill   IS 

mil  111  lift     lisf  (li-;,'i('fs  SM--I  i  N.  .1.")     W.',  ilistanci-  f i^'lil.s   miles,  thf  .•^llll^f  luriiiiii;;  a  ^;r.iiliial  fiiisai 
aliniil  lilli'i-n  inilfs  <'.f.|  \\  .11  ll  1  hi>ii-riniii. 


Jl» 


r.M  irif  I  tiA-  I    I'll  i)i . 


SAN    I  I  IS    IM'.Y. 
FlMlii  r.iiiit    l.iiMI.I  li>  till'   n|icliin','   >>(  llir  \,lllf.V  i>l    S.lll    I. in-.  l;<\    II|>iiM  tl >;|st  lllt>  ntlliwc  in 

iioiih  t\M  iii\  si\  .l<-iiT>  wi-t  1  N.  Jti  N\ .  iiiiil  till"  (li^l.iiiii'  iliii>  iwii  iiiilc^.  Tin-  l.ilili-  I. Hills  an* 
nit  liiiiiimh  li.\  till'  >iili>l.i<l  <'i  r.iiii>.|niiii^  <  Mil,,  111.'  S;iii  l»ic;;iiilit  l.'ivrr.  tlii'  San  llt|ii  ('rrck,  San 
Man  us  «'ii'<'k.  ami  llir  San  Ian-  l.'<'\  I.'imt.  'I'Iic  nIhuc  linr  ix  i»  wrv  iryular  tnir,  \utli  a  i»ti;;|ii 
(•iirxatiiir  M  III.' rastwanl.  anil  iii>  rrp.nti'il  ihiii-riw.  It  is  not  olli'ii  a|i|.riiarli('il  lv\  lli.'  ii';:nlai 
sti'aint'is  an  1  tiailiii;;  Vf(*.sfls.  liciaiisr  ii  i- i.ii  In  iln'  ra-iwaiil  oi'  I linr  tinirsc  to  ami  I'liini  Saw 
Hii'uii.  'I'lii'if  1-  a  In  nail  low  w.ihr  -ami  In  ai  li.  I  mi  I  a  I  lii_li  "atil  tin-  sea  Hashes  the  Itasc  of  tlii' 
.lllVs.* 

Tlic  (  alUKinia  Soiitlinn  I.'ailroail  imw  niiis  aioii;.'  ilir  lop  ni  ilicrlills  lor  liltrin  ami  a  lialt 
miles  I'lom  t'odeio.  near  tin'  inoiiili  oi  Soie-lnl  ('ie.l>.t.i  near  llie  iiioiilli  ot'  Hie  San  laiis  |;e\ 
Tanaila.  xvlieie  it   'ea\is  ilie  eo,i>i  lo  eiihr  ami    tollou   ilie   Santa  Miiiyarita    l.'iver  lliiciii;;||   {]„■ 

■{'en Ilia   Carioii.     'I'lie  lailioa.l   slahoii,  « ii  cansitle.  near   San   laiis    l.'ex    (anaila,  is   ii..\\   <|iiiie  a 

seltleiiiilil.  ami  at  vaiiolis  |ioinls  aloli'^  the  line  of  Ilie  mail  ale  si'eli  lioiises  wliieli  lieenme  lami 
iiiaiKs  III  the  na  vibrator  ;  I  ml  tliev  aie  lieiii;;  ail.li  il  to  -o  ia|i|ill>  Iliat  it  i-  not  ,\  i  t  |iio|m  i  In  s|ieeir\ 
iletaiK. 

'Ilir    111!  Iiol  i;;e  ot'  Sill   l.ilisli'eN    i  -  njieii  aliil    iiIi|pi  i  il  eeli  il,  ami    :si.ilel\    Msileil.       Tlieapprov 
illiale  'leou  1.1  pi  Ileal  p.iNii  mii  ol'  Ilie  lie «   lou  n  ot   •  >eeaii-lile  I-  : 


Ijititmli'. 

I...Il-'IM.i.' 


:i.i       I-.'  iM.iil, 


Ill  .l.iniiaiv .  l'-s."i.  ill,.  riia).'m'lic  \aiiali(iii  vas   II     17   ea>t.  «itli  a  .\eail\   im  lease  nl'  1  .,"i. 

'Die  liii;:lil  of  Ilie  town  aliove  Ilie  sea  is  im;.'IiI\    In  one  liilliilleil  ami  I'Mlitv  leet. 

Tlie  mesa  laml  on  eaeli  siile  of  Ilie  eafiaila  is  esliinatiil  lo  lie  two  liiiinlieil  teel  almxe  flic  .s«'a 
ami  tieele-s,  aliil  llie  liiaik  for  liiaKiiiL.'  llie  aiielinia;:i'  is  Ilie  «liite  |ii!iMin:_'s  of  tlio  ti,\v   lown. 

Till'  llrwwll.ill  at  t  >ee.ilis|ile  cMiliils  si  jliai  e  ollt  lloliillie  lai  e  of  I  lie  lo  w  liliilf  hal  f  a  mile 
siiiitli  of  the  town  ami  lialf  a  li.ile  iiotlli  of  lli<-  \  alley  tliloiii^li  uliieli  the  Ivsenmliilo  K'lilinail 
eoines  to  the  enisl.  It  is  Imw  three  liiimlii  il  ami  sivtx  six  varils  Ion;.'  ami  Ifaehes  lo  ei-llleeli  feet 
of  Willi    :il    low    Inle.       Il    IS    pmpoM'il    In    e\!eml    It    one    hllllilleil    aitil    IVM'lilN    li\e    \arils    filllhel. 

Tlie  laliliiile  ot  the  wharf  is jii-t  iimler.'l.i     II  . 

rii'himl  the  lii;;ll  lilateail    the  tleeles.s.  lollini:    laliil  extemls    )iroliali|\    fifleell    miles  |o  the  I 
(if  the  lii;:ll  liiolllilailis.      Ill  a  Uil   w  inter  ami  sprill;,'  'I"'  l»'"l   '■-  l'eailll(ii|l\  ;:reen  ami  eii\elei| 
llnwei-:    in  a  ill  \    sea-nil    il    lo..Ks    vii\    Ihiumi    ami  I'arrili.      'llie   slmre  line    is    reinai  lialih    re;,,,..,. 
ami  lioiileieil  liy  a  I>io,h1  low   «alii  lie.n  h. 

The  Mission  ot  Saii  laiis  l!iy,  siliialeil  three  miles  lYoiii  llieenast  line,  w.is  ihr  |,ir;.'est  in  ('all 
fill  Ilia,  ami  the  liniiilitr  of  (loliieslie.itril  linliaiis  foiim-l  l,\  in  lis  iiei^hlmi  homl  ;:,i\  e  il  the  appeal 
anee  of  a  ihrivin;;  setlleiiieiit.  It  isMi\  |ii(llily  siliialeil  iipnii  a  liilloek  in  the  s,, lies  mar  llie 
pieseiil  tn"ii,  I'llt  isiapiiUx  lalliii::  into  ilee.iy.  The  town  is  nearly  ill  the  eeiittT  of  h  Neelioii  of 
eoniitry  urn  ipialeil  fm- salnlnii.N  ami  pioilmiiveiiess,  Imt  thesuiall  rainfall  is  a  ;;  real  ilia"  Naek  t<> 
a;;rieiil!iiie.  I"nr  two  \ius  ilir  a\iia^e  rain  tail  was  only  thirteen  ami  a  half  iiiehi  s.  Aeeonlini' 
lo  the  iill-lls  ot    Issll  Ihi'  poplll  atinli  \.  as  .'HM»,  Imt    the  new  tnu  n    i-  iiiere.isili|,'  w  ilh  ;;|eat   pl'ninisi'. 

(  oiiiiiiiiiiieatinii  with   ihe  ei.isl    towns  is  imw  had  Ity  the  railmail  w  Imli  eniiiiei  ts  .S  an  I>ie"o 

witlii'nllc II  Ihe  m.iiii  line  of  the  Soiithii  II  I'ai  ilie.     .Iii-I   one   mile   iinilli  of  the   nioiilhot    llie 

S.iii  I, Ills  Itiy  l;i\cr  is  ihn  iiMnith  of  the  S.iiila  .M.ii  .Ml  ila  Itiver,  wlinh  enim-s  Iwriilx  one  miles 
f'  nil  the  liiirllieast  tliloii-li  ihe  Teiiieeiila  t 'aiioii.  w  liieli  it  has  leailieil  li\  .1  soiithea-l  eniir«e 
pi.iallel  Wllh  Ihe  eoa^t,  lnhiml  Iln-  llinaillailis.  The  \,ille\  of  IJn.,  ii\,r  Is  Ihr  line  of  Ih,.  lailln.iil 
In  w  ilhill  a  mile  of  the  eoa-l. 

Se\eiMit  ei;:ht  miles  lioi  I  II  w  esl  W  ai  il  from  .-^aii  l.iiis  |;,\  i^  ||i,.  \,i\  small  si  i,  am  ealli  il  I.a- 
I'lnlis  Creek,  liial  l,i  il  li\    a   lue.lklli^'    ilnw  ii    of  the  el  ills    Imtii    a  I  inn  I    si\t\    1,,  i   to  lip-ji  wali      level 

for  alioiit  half  a  mile.     To  iln-  -...niheasl  ami  ihwesi  Im   half  a  mile  are  several  sh.irp  lia    me.rs 

M\ly  III  siveiitN  lilt  ihip.  Ihe  lalieli  houses  lie  alioiii  half  a  mile  liaek  from  the  shore  at 
Ihe  northwest  siile  of  ihesiiiail  xalley.  The  hills  ii,i.  in  six  hiimlinl  .imj  tiit\  fci  in  one  .iml 
a  i|ilaller  mile.-  flom  the  shoii  ,  ami  Insevi-ii  liiimlreil  ami  lhiil\  si\  n,  i  m  t^^,  ;.||,i  .,  ||.,||-  mji,... 
The  whole  «'iia!.t  line  is  \  eiy  leL'nIar.  w  ilh    i  Inna'l  low   walei    saiiil  liiaeh. 

I, as  I'lnit  ••  t'lii'k  1-  known  as  the  I,.i>  I'iiI^ms  a  li  w   miles  li.iek  from  Ihr  eoas|. 


•  Vi/iaiiio  I  .■11..1  tliM  I..!,;;  -Ill  1.  Il  i.f  I 


1-1  It.  1.1   r  lUr  liiy  t..  Sill  .liKiii  ('.i|ii,lriilio,  (mhI:,  S-uiini. 


tin'  cinii'*!'  in 
alili*  IiiikIm  iiic 

I'jti  ClrrK,  S.lll 
Willi  :i  Hll;;llt 
)>  lllf  It'Uiilui 
;iii<l  Iri'lii  S.ih 
he  li.isf  III'  llir 

t'i'ti  ;iliil  it  li.ilt 

S.lll  I.iii-*  \U\ 

■V  tliii'ii;;li  III"' 

M  ll'iXN  l|lllll'  il 
I  Ill'I'dllK'  l.lllll 
ll|il   I     til   >|illll  \ 

Tlif  :i|il>io\ 


iii>itti. 

A'i'mI. 


.IV..  i.r  1  .,"i. 
t. 

■\  nl'i'V  r  Ith-  SIM 

■  new   IcivMi. 

.IiilV  li.iir  ;i  mil"' 

iiiiliilii   Ii.iiIio.hI 

liiii;;liti'i'n  I'l'i't 

•  \;inls  lurlliiT. 

iiili'.s  III  til"'  ' 
ImI  I'liv  ri  I'll 

i.iili;ili|\  ri'mi.,.. 

'  l.il;.'i'.><l  ill  <':lll 
\i'  It   tin-  lll'lirill 

■  \  .ilii'v  iii'.ir  III!' 
r  111'  a  silt  lull  111' 

lr.lt    lll.l"  li.liK  til 

■ins.  Artiinliii;,' 
li  t:vviit  |iiiiiiiisi-. 
itifcts  San  I  )ir;:ii 
llic  iiiiiiilli  111  iIk* 
t  «rlit  \  HIM'  liiilfs 
sulltlir:!''!  riiill»f, 
II'  111'  t  III'  I  .illlii.nl 

^Ill  .1111  r.illi  i|  I.  IS 
'  \\\'^\i  "all  IcM'l 
il  sli.ii  |i  li.i  iiii'as, 
mil  till'  sliipi r,  at 
t\  I'i'i  t  III  mil-  .iliil 
mill  a  hair  iiiili"<. 


si. 

iwlil  .S'yiiril. 


Santiago.  <  londciipfMMi 


Gm&SSS,iSiS»!SSUlJC9lX--^:p:3SSSfm!:s^^ 


Sltll    (tllotK-    Ml 

I'l'iiil  Siiii  Jiiiiii  ( 'itiHiiiarii-,  i.  !>>  S  (S    11  mill 
K.  I..  ■<  }  S    •.■;,  milt'ii 


rf  -"teSjis  wS^^jH  v^saT'  -5^5£»."S§?^2^— " 


Nii;ii.-1  Hill 
I'liint  San   Iiinii  I  iii>iHtr.iii(i,  K   liv  S  .•i^lm^■l 


Sun  Onofri'  Munnlitiii.  K.  by  S  .  X'miiliw.  \f>ry 

fjiitii,  i.ryr)  fwt. 


wwiiiiiiyaSb'wil^"' 


iraWIKiwil''9n|9iff^nM^t«Miinu^^ 


tlllltK'    Ml 

t 'ujindiaiiM,  K  In  H  J  >    M  nillr 

K.  I.,  -i  }s  •.■;■.  1111  Un 


Miiniilaiii  vi'')   raiiit 


I 


I'ACII'ir    CiiAST     i'll.OT. 


;u 


Nim-  miles  iVoin  San  Ijiis  ]\v\,  ami  licyomi  the  I'"lii(('s  Creek,  tlie  low  elill's  eliaii;,'e  to  lii;;lior 
ones  anil  llielii;,'li  hills  mine  elosei- npon  t  he  sliol'eline,  sii  t  jial  llii-  sla^e  rnad  is  ei  iiwdeil  nmliT 
the  liase  111'  ihe  sharp  shipinj,'  hills.  Al  <mm'  ami  a  half  miles  north  west  li'oin  l'"loies  ( 'reek  the  el  ill' 
is  one  Iniiiilreil  ami  Mveiits  I'eii  hiuh  ami  is  eonl  iniioie;  to  the  Ilorno  Cahon,  which  Ineaks  lhion;,'Ii 
to  till-  oi'iMii  at  t  \Mi  ami  a  half  miles  t'roin  I'Moies  ( 'reek  ami  six  anil  a  ipiarter  miles  from  Point  San 
Mateo.  'I'lie  sides  of  this  eanon  neai' the  shore  line  are  one  hiindred  feet  lii;;li;  one  mile  haek  it  is 
deep  hetween  nioillltillns  one  llinn-.anil  to  lil'leeli  hlindreil  feet  eiev.itlon.  Jlisl  to  the  liollhwest  of 
the  iiiiiiilli  111  the  I'. moll  ilie  elilfs  are  one  hninlieil  and  tueiitv  In  one  liiiiidred  and  I'ortv  feet  liiy;1i 
nnil  pi  CI- J  pi  tons,  'rhc  shore  line  is  re:^ular.  \\  it  li  ,i  low  water  sand  lieaeh  of  vary  in;,'  width  and  here 
and  llnre  marked  hv  roek\    patrlles. 

.\l  .1  ipiarti'i'  of  a  mile  haek  I  lie  t  reeless  hills  risr  rapid  1\  to  a  marked  erest  line,  reai-liiiiu'  se\ en 
teen  liiindied  and  t«eii;\  feel  ile\  alion  at  one  and  three  ipiaileis  miles  from  I  he  shore.  'I'liis  iic.st 
lim'  falls  slit;litl\  towards  iiie  San  .Inan  ("apistrano  and  ;,'iailnallv  a|i|iioaehes  the  sleMe.  Il  is  in 
Jtail  lii.ilseii  lliiont;li  .ii  I  lirer  and  a  ipiarter  miles  liy  tin'  San  (  iiiofre  \'alley.  I'.eliiiid  this  ridtre 
tiiere  IS  a  sharp  desient  and  the  noil  lieast  side  ol  theiiest  line  isinMied  wiih  eliaparial.  I'he 
lii;;hest  |ioint  of  this  nutalile  ridu'e  is  in  lalilnde  .">.;  Jl"  I.")  north,  lon;:itiide  117  L'S'  1.".'  west. 
Inland   t'roiii  it   the  m.ianl.lins  lise  to  the  m.iiii  eies|  line  .ihoul    tueli'i    miles  I'iDiii  the  eiiast. 

Siiii  Oiiii'n  Miiiinliiiii  kind  fall ).— 'l'rian;;iil.ilion  statnai  •■  l.'idue,"  on  the  siimniii  uf  San  ( tnofre 
Moiini.iiii  IS  in  latitmle  :'.:!  I*."  L'd'  (is,  lon;;itndc  117  'ill'  Kl'.iil:  liei-ht  seventeen  hn-. died  and 
twenty  ii\  >■  feel. 

Trian;,'nlalioii    sialion     ••S.in    ()miiie    llill"   is   in    latiliide    .'i.i     'J'J'  L's"..'i->,  |i)ni;itnde    117     .''i," 

21". 7S;    liei;;||l   ele\  ell   llllinii.    !    Hid   ileVeli   I'lit. 

The  last  is  a  pioiiiiiieiit  siiiiinni  lor  tell  i.ir\  triaii.unlalion.  Init  mmparai  i\  el\  iiisi;,'iii!iiMiit  as 
sei'ii  II  oni  sea  w.ird.     The  li-ni:' li  of  mini  lidue  is  parallel  w  il  h  the  euasl. 

I 'hi  lit  Siiii  l/((/rii.—  .\  Ioiil;  the  st  rr'rli  of  ''oast  fnim  I  .a  dolki,  or  faNi'  I'.iint ,  til  I  'oini  .~^aii  Mateo 
IK)  jirojeetioii  or  sharp  indeiilalion  Ineaks  tlii'  re;;iilaril>  of  the  eoisi  line  'I'liis  point  lies  muili 
tllirt.N  se\eii  dei,Mees  west  i  N.  .'i7  W.  ■,  fort\  li\  e  and  .1  half  mil.s  fiom  I'liiiit  I.oiii.i  lai;lillioiisi-,  and 
cast  suiii  heasi  (  f!Sl',. :  si-\  fii  and  ,i  hall  in  lies  I'l.nii  Point  .S.m  .lii.m  <  '.ipi-.t  i  .mo.  .V  little  mule  tli.in 
one  mile  liefore  reaeliiii;;  Ihe  point  the  n.irrow,  siiMp  valley  of  the  S.in  <  )iioiri' ('omes  in  from  the 
norlhiast  li,\  east,  Ineakiii','  down  the  hi;,'li  riili,'e  I'loni  the  ll.irno  Canon.  Al  Ihe  lieaeh  the  elilfs 
«lro|i  t.i  turnl\  leet.  With  a  broad  hi- 1;  A.iler  s.iiid  li'-.icii.  The  el:  lis  mi  i  ii  li  sidi'  i.f  this  li.ilf  mile 
Imu  lie.ieh  lie  sixty  feel  h;;;h  ;  then  to  the  southeast  ,ire  broken  \Mlh  short,  deep  b.ir.ineas.  'I'll!' 
table  land  stielehesa  mile  into  the  \  alley,  wliieli  is  mai  ked  by  ,i  lieav\  line  ot  sveamore  i  rrrs.  The 
bed  Hi  tie- stream.  <v  huh  isdi\  in  siiiniii,.|-,  li,.,s  nndiMllie  sh.n  p  elr!  -  .it'  i  h,.  s,  ,iu  .nil  rmlof  the 
ClU'hillo  Medio.  'I'liis  sharp  iiduiis  .i  ipiartei' ut'  a  mile  u  ale  at  tin-  siini  r.  vuth  elilfs  si\ts  t'eet 
hifrh,  .Hid  111  111  ml  il  the  land  ilso  i.ipidi)  low  aids  the  northeast  lo  s,.\,.n  h  mid  red  and  tweiitv  feel 
elevation  in  ohm  .mil  one  ipi.iilei  miles. 

/•'..v/(/'.s   /.. I/;. /(»(;. —  .\liie. 1st    the  S.m  Ollolre   \  alle\    Is  tie  'stf.'Ul  of*   FosHt's  l.amlinj.', 

used  In  \es-.'ls  eairviiiL,' a«.i\   I  he  prodmi  s  ,,i  t  he  eoiintry .      Ii  landie.:   iinl  direetlv  op   n 

to  t  he  soiithw  aid. 

point  S.m  Mateo  Is  sixiy  leet  lii;;h,  and  h.is  an  .idnbe  biiiidm-  iipi'i;  it  three  iinmlre.l  \,irds 
baek  liom  thr  u.ncr  ;  and  a  sm.ill  hillock,  loin  liiimlied  iirl  liiuh.  lises  iiuin  th.-  tabled, iml  n-ar.v 
11  mile  lotlie  inirihw.iid,  with  .1  depression  of  mie  hundred  .iml  |'(.ii>  fiet  b.  hind  it.  w  hen,  .•  it 
a;.Min  lises  to  a  higher  hill  of  ;eveii  hniidreil  icel  elevation  ,it  two  milo  li,.iii  the  Point .  The  S.ii, 
Mateo  \  .iliey  lies  be!  were  I  he  Ciirh  1 1 1  i  Med  lo  a  lid  I  he  rid  ^e  of  Pol  lit  S.m  Maleo.  ||  i*  .ibilllt  half 
a  mill-  wide  ami  has  a  small  stream  of  water  whu-h  opens  i-|o>c  nmlii  the  Pmni.  Theie  aiea 
fi'W  el  II  flips  of  sycamore  tlees  \isil)le  in  the  \  .ilhy. 

The  ;,'eo;;r.lphlral  p,i,ilinii  uf  p.iinl  .S.m  M.ilciilnis  been  ileleriliini-il  b.\  till-  I  .S,  ('m,m  md 
(ieodet  le  ."^lli-\  e\   as  follows  : 


l..il:tieli' 

I L:iniai'. 

'  Il ,  111  iiiiii< 


:i;i     -.':;     i:i  .'.innrfii 

lit  I  .        .'.  I      1 1   »r.st. 

T     ...1  '  ■.'.;■  1 


I'lom  Point  S.in  M.ii m  tliwe-,!  u  ,i|-,|   ihe  eoasl  line  inns  in  ,i  hm--,  re-nlar  sweep,  eiiiviiiLr 

one  and  a  h.ilf  miles  In  the  ii.n  i  ln\  ,ii  d,  with  ims  a  liiids  bm  .ha  in-  Ihe  s.m.  and  lii-her  I  md  behind 
reiiehin-  si\  hiindied   lo  ei-ht    liiiiidi-eil  and    liirl.\    feel   williin  a  mile  and   a  thud  from  the  shore. 

Tins  table  kind  is  fio ne  hllinlreil    to  one    hnnlicd    ,ind    t'o||\    t'eel    ,lt    I  he  ed  j;e  of   I  h-'  eli  It's,  wit  h 

rtMnouth,  re-nlar,   lii^^li  u  .iter  s.md    br-.n-h   at    iis    b.is,-.  rnniiin-    lo   S.m   .In.in   C.ipistr.mo,     Th,. 


i\-2 


I'ACillC    COAST    IMl.DT. 


UMMUhs  of  \\w  ,l.vp.  u  im.w  .,rnnu>  niltin-  lln.mj.  \U<-  MulV  an-  n-sH,..!  in  .smiill  l.n.l^'rs.  Tl,.. 
wl,..I.M.uiiitn  AUn^^  ilM.  ouM  ;s  i,v..l..ss.'  Tlir  liid.  l.iiHl>  -IS..  •rA,UiA\U  to  III.-  tirsl  .•■••si  of  l«o 
tl...ns:.n,lau.ill.ur  th.M,..nHl   f.-i  .it    lli.'  S.n.t..    An..   iMii;:.'  o.   nmiiMliun-.  t vvnty   I..  t«fnl>  In.. 

iiiil..s  ill  flic  int.. nor. 

A  iin.,l..r,iiih  >oli,l  'iihl  ■■!'  Mp  lu.s  otV  11.,.  -liMiv  lu'ii....  to  th..  iiiirl.oiM^'..  of  Siiii  .liiiiii  Capi.^ 
traiio.  r.Na.Mlv  i,ii..:ui.l  on..  Ii:ilf  niil..s  vx..,si  noi  ll.«...sl  i  W  N  V.  .  iioi,,  P.-nit  San  .Mnl...M.n.l  l.Mii^ 
aiiiiosi  lialf  a  liiil..  olV  lli..  Imm.Ii.  w  a  \ovV\  |.at.li  .■n,"  liiii..li...l  >.ifN  ni  ..M.iit  lorall.v  l.iu.wn  a^ 
III..  N.n,  M,i,.>  S.al  /;,>, /.v.  I'll,.  i.M-ks  air  .-ilioiii  four  f.-t  al.ov..  hi;;li  «al.r  aii.l  iisii.illy  .'omt...! 
Willi  s.  a  lions.  T«,.  aii.l  tlnr....|n.rt.i-  ii.il.-s  lo  il...  u.sMioitliw.st  \VNW..fn.in  l'..iiilS,n, 
Mat.'o.  an.l  less  tlian  half  a  mil.'.'lV  tin'  I'.a.  li.  is  aiioili..r  i.wK  v  I'U'li  .il'oni  on..  IiiiimIi...|  .in. I  lifts 
\  anis  in  i.\ii.|it. 

I'l-oin  roini  .--.in  M  it.'o  tin-  .'\tr..iiili\  of  I'oml  S.iii  .In, in  r.iiM..liano  li..s  n.nili  -ivl\  ..iirlr 
,lci:i,.,.s  w.'st  N.  i.s  W  .  .  (Iistaiit  s<>v..ii  aii.l  a  lialf  nii!..s.  in. I  Hon  lli..  s;,iii..  i.onii  III..  .in.lior.i-. 
.if  S.ri  .Tiian  ( \i|iis!i.iii.'  h.  .ii>  noitli  si\i\  .l..-ii...s  ui'si  ,  N.  i.i'     W.  .  .Ir^l.inl  si\  inil.s. 


I'OINT   SAN  Jt.'AN   (.AI'ISTKANO  AND  ANC  IIOK  ACiK. 

Tins  u.ll  ci,.|iii..i|  ...iiH..  1...  i!i.\  Known  .1^  M.ma    I'.. ml.  i>  ili..  s,,ntln\..st..i  n  |no|...tioii  of  a  Ion- 

lii;:li.  transx.TN..  liil-c  ...nnii,;,'  li tli.'   sontli"  fs'i  in   ll.inU   "f  th..  SiiTru  Saiila   Ani.  uhichln 

H.Mii  l<\..iiiy  to  |\V(.nt\  li\i.  inilcs  1. 10,1. 1  in  (loin  th..  .■..ast  au.l  jMialhl  tli..|>.v  i;li.  ami  whi.'h  is  ■ 
-ooil  l.in.liall.  That  r.iii;:.'  of  inoiiiit.inis  is  from  t w..  lininsaml  lo  ihi. ..  I hoii>.(ii.l  l....t  iii<.I..\a 
lion,  ami   ii.  1..  .ii..  s,.\..|,il   ir.ins\..rs..  .-iniis  lik.-  that  of  S.in  .liiaii  ('.i|iisiiai.... 

'I'll..  .s|.iii-  foinnii;:  ih..  .'.111..  I'lnls  is  a  m.>.i,.|at.l\  liohl  s.nnl-'on.'  ■  litV  two  hnmlii.t  ami  l\\cni\ 
I... I  hi;:h.  ^^illl  a  iir....i|iitons  lirok.-n  fa..',  ami  Mun..  low  io<U>  whnh  sti.l.h  1x1;  .1..  I.':...;  'h'.^ 
hlimili.'l  ami  lorl\  \ai.|s  lo  lln-  s..iilhu  ,ir.l  of  ih..  lii-li.  -t  p  11 1  of  th'-  '  lilf.  Tiic  oiil..r  cxli  fiiill  \ 
of  till'  lii'ail  lii.s  no)  th  >i\!\  ..iL'hl  iI.._mi  .s  w.  >i  N.  (Is  U  .)  mmii  ami  .1  li.ilf  iiiil.s  fi.nii  I'o.nl  Sai 
Mateo,  ,111.1  soiiili  s.. v.. iii\  M.\..n  .|r-i.  ..N  ...1^1     -.'7     li.Ihiitx  .nn   inil.s  lioin  Toinl  r..| mm  I,i;iJi! 

.S'v..|i  liiimli...i  N.ii.is  w  II  inn  1 1 Mivinilx  of  tin-  i-.\\w  llit'ii'  is  a  .sli;,'hil.\  il.'iilil..  ii.'.nl.  I  he  inn.  1 

ami  lii;rln'-  h.-iii^  tw..  Iiiimlr...l  an.l  .■i;:lity  h-.  1  ahov..  th.-  wal.T,  aii.l  th..  oiit.i  on.',  ovfrlookiii;;  th. 
.■hll-.  is  two  linmli..(l  ami  -:\iy  !'.•.  1.  Hi.'  lulls  to  iji.-  i.orili  \\\  ...ist.  sii..t..niiis:  llii....  niil..s  o.-liii..; 
till'  .•ape.  r..a.-h  six  liiimli'.'il  I....!  .l.-v  .ilioii  ami  .u..  .l.sliliit.' of  tiiiili.'r.  Itiit  Ih.'  hiu'ht'r  p.irl.s  o 
111.' hca.l  an- at  Ni-n.l  st.iiion.  iliK'i- .iml  a  .pMil.T  inilcs  m«rlliw.'s|  by  mirlli  NW,  li\  N.ilr.nn  lli. 
Point,  an.l  I. .-s  th, 111  ;i  null- li'oiii  lli..  >hoi...  w  In  iv  tin'  fliv  .ilioii  is  niii.'  Iiiimlr...l  .imlfoit\  If.  i 
\  .TV   sh.ii  |i  .11  royos  (III  tlii(m;;h  all  lh|.-  Iilil.v  In  .nlhiini. 

W  hi'ii  I'oitil  ."s.ii  .In.in  < ',i|n>t  iMiio  is  s.-.n   lim.i.l   .ni    lioin  Ihi'  vfinih  li\  ...i-t    S.  h\   |'.>  it  pi- 
s.'iits  a  hiP'  \  ■■!  th  ,il  w  hit  ;-.h  l.ic..  with  ,1  Ino,..!    .Lii  k    h,iml   .-.I  |. .I.. In  11;:  I  icon  Ih..  iippt.i  ..ml  west,  1 
pail  .lowii  t.i  till'  low.  r  .mil  ..asti'iii  put   at    ihf  low  wlntc  i.M'k,  ami  ..oiii  iniun„'  .iionmi  m>iil..  Ih 
w  Int..  i.ick.     Th.'  clilV  to  111.'  .'asl  wai  .1  as  l.n  as  th.'  (.1  pi  si  ratio  Xalli'V  In  Imi.'  ami  In  i;,'lil  with  ilai  • 
siriaks  I  isiii;;  at  .1  .-aiill  .in;:li.  fioin  111..  wi.>t  .low  II  >  imI  to  ilif  ii;;hi.     'Ih.-  point    is   piii|...i.i|  . 
ih.'   low    hills  iiisiil.'  of  .-snii    Ni;;iH'l   liill.ami   the  lii^:h    l.iml   lif.\oii.l   stitl.ln..'>  «vl'   lo  tli..  w.- 
When  Ih.'  point  is  .si...|i   from    'h..   s...itln.asl  li\  east  iSi-;,  liy  I"..)  it  hliow.s  ele.ir  of  all   the  .li>i  1 
lii;;l-  l.iiiil.  ami  S  in  Ni^ml  llill  i^  ^.i-n  jiisl  insi.lc  .in.l  .i\  ..r  it.     'I'lu- .l.irk  I'.m.l  is  plainlv  iii.nl.' on 
at  live  or  -ix  niih. ..  aiiil  ihe  sin. ill  lil.i.-k  .San  .In. in  roek  is  s.'eii  pist  oiil.si.l..  of  ii. 

Thi-  soul  li...isi.i  n  l,ir..  lif  111..  ..ap.'  is  an  irri';;iil.ir  lin..  of  elill.'*  from  I  wo  hiimii.il  1.  .  t  al  I  h..  w  . 
|.l  11  eii.l  lo  on..  Iiiimli...l  ami  Iw.-nlN  fi..l  ,il  I  In' ea.slei  11  eiel       It  l>  ono  .iml  a  ipi.irter  miles  hni;.' .•,. 
ami  w.'sl.  wilh  .1  \.'i\  ..!i;;lit  iml..nt.»lioii  nmh'!   the  >•  ipe.      I  ;     n  the  exliemity  of  the  I'.ipe  I  hi'  sh" 
runs  mnihn..>i  li\  nonh    NW.  \\\   N      one  .m.)  ,1  li.ilf  iiiih-  .  ln^h  ami  wiili  a  liink.n.  s.imly  l».a. 
III. n.'.'  for  till   01    Iw.lv.'   inihs  to  th.'  nollha.'st    l>\    wfsl  ;N\V'.li\    \\    ,      it    is  hi;^h.  .nl    li\  .1. 
airo.vo.-.  .iml  hoiihiiil  i.y  ^.iml  lii..i..li.  with  ii  re;,"i!ar  out  l\  inn  pal.  In  s  of  kelp. 

Ininiei|:ale!y  olV  ill.,  e.ipi.  loi   till....  hiimlii-.l  \  ii.N  stl.-Irh  'Mil   1  01  k  \   p.il.hes;   ami  th..  .S.m  ,1 11 

It.ii.k.  alioiil  lilty  villi, \l.  Ill  ami  >i\  fi...|  ul.iv.-  w.it.'i,  Tn.s  tlir..e   hnmlit.<t  ami  foilN   \.ii.l- 

lli(.soii!hw,iri|  of  th..  Iii.:lies|  pmnl  .>f  Ihe  el  ill'.     Theelill  .il  tin-  e.isi..rii  si.l..  of  tli<'  e.ip.'  is  two  h 
(Ir.il  .iml  UM'iitv  till  hi.:h.  rising' veiv  pri'i'ipit.Misly,  ami  lioiil.rril  hv  a  ii.inoi'    shiii^l.'  I.ea.h.a. 
this  1(,\  oiitl>  in;;  ri..ks.      iJi..  l.liilVeoniinii.'s  hiyli  |ollie..|ir\  iiiu'  slior.-  ea-.tw.ir.|,  where  it  iin'i'l.-  t 
low  ami  saml.  l>..|i'li  at  the  opeiiin^'  of  Ih..  .S.i  1  .In. in  Cipi^i  r.iiio  N'.illey.      Tliiini.^'li  I  hi,  li.ai  h  t 

•Vi/<aiii.i  II...  II  |.,.iijl  ii.ii.ir.l  Arlinli.il.i  ■,11111.. nh.ii'.  r.iiiil  ..^  m  .lu,iirl'.i|  I'liiiim,  |.i.ili.i!iU   hiiiikI  Ir.iiii  1ii>(  ,|.< 
trifs  III  III.!  ( ■..|ii,ir.ih.i  \  illi-\ . 


L 


^lll;lll    III  |l|>,'('S.       Till 

lit'  lirsl  rirsi  of  I  «.■ 
I'lllV    til   t«rlil,\   li\f 

111'  Sail  .liiaii  ('a|iis 
an  Main),  anti  l\  iiii: 
■lit  Ideally  Uiiown  a^ 
iiml  ilMiall\  nnrrrcl 
^".1  Cniin  I'liiiit  S.iii 
II'  liumlicil  anil  lirt\ 

rs  iiiirtli  ^i\t>  ciirli' 
|iiiiii!  till'  aiiiliiiraj^i 
\  miles. 


|i|ii|eelmii  nt'  a  lull;;, 
iita  A  n  I.  \\  liii'li  III'- 
>  i;li,  ami  u  Imli  is  .1 

ill.sailtl  leet  III  ele\  a 
I  >, 

iilliill  I'll  ainl  t  vv  elil > 

nil!  a-.    I.':'  .1.:  '  'I'l  . 

I'l'ie  outer  e\t lemin 

iiili's  tinin  I'll. Ill  S.ti 

I'ullll  ri'lllilli  I.l;^iil 
'llliie  lieail,  the  illlh  : 
nlle,  ii\  erliMikill^'  tli' 
^  llllee  miles  lii'lilli'; 
:  the  lii;;lier  |iarts  1.: 
S' \V.  Ii\  N.l  tliilli  ih. 
liiiil    ami  I'liilN   lei'l 

'.ist  S.  li\  I',. '  It  |ii  ■ 
!•  ii|i|ier  ami  «  e>i' n 
i„'  aiuiiinl  ili-iilr  til' 
iml  III  i;:lil  \N  itli  ilai  > 
ilint  is  |i|ii|iilei|  ir 
les  wel'  III  the  \\i'>' 
r  lit'  all  the  ill-.!  I 
I  i'~  |ilaiiil\  iiiailr  I'll 
I. 

Ileil  li  it  al    the  \M-' 
alter  miles  IiHij;  e.i- 
It'  the  eape  the  sh" 
imkeii,  samly  Immi 

is    lil;;h.  lilt    li,\    ih  ' 

s  ;  ami  the  San  .In 
il  ami  lortN  >  anl- 

the  ea|ie  is  t wn  li> 
I'    shingle  lieaeli,  .1 

I,  where  It  meet--  I 
|nii',,'h  I  Ills  liraeli  ! 

\    ti.l  lliril   trotll   llIN  '>■'< 


_^ 


\, — - 


/  .,■ 


X 


&--i 


/)  ; 


iS 


i  '* 


Aiiproarhiii);  Sun  Juan  (.'apldrann  fmni 


r"^  ^TTlLli^TH*^' 


■.111    Iniiii  Km  k.  Wliiir  KimU  ;  nld  Kmlmrtaili'io. 

I'oiiit  .liiiiii  CnpiittraiiK,  NW    l>>   W   j  W  ,  I  imlrM 


^-. 


V 


X_ 


-^  •  X. 


^  v> 


'^...aJM 


^> 


.1.. ■».*.-• 


San  Juaii  <'»|iii<iianii  Viillcy 

Kane*'  tri'o,  SE.  Ii 


hiiig  Hun  Juaii  Capisirann  from  tli*^  Roiith. 


sy* 


^T^: 


Ssu  Jau  Capistnuio,  V»llejr,  and  Sauge  tne. 


s       vr^- ;  N, 


II  Jllttll  ('l>|llnllHtlll  Vnllt'V 

Kaiit:«  tn<',  SE.  Ity  N.  t  N.,3|  iiiileit. 


i\\(  iric  coAsr  I'li.oT. 


83 


S.lll  .liiail  ("tcrU  lilciik-i   Its  w:i,\    In  wrt  sr;i>(ilis,  lull   is  rlitscd  ill  ill  V  srasdiis.      'I'lli'  upniiliil  i.s  ;,'fii 
cralls  .It  IIm'  wcsti'i  ii  snlr  ami  clnsc  midrr  tin-  cIlH.  wliicli  is  niic  liiiinln'il  ami  I  wciit.s  lict  lii;;li. 

'riic  nwiliarii'cl  ami  iiii|iii>iiMtril  it  in  luiiinir  i>  in  tlir  l)i;;lit  niic  ami  a  hall  iiiilcs  In  I  In-  cast  ward  of 
I'liiiit  San  .liiaii  ('a|)i>Iiami.  Tiiiii'  lias  l>ii-ii  mi  li.vdici;;ia|iliir  siiivi-.v  of  tin'  ain'lmr  i;,'<-,  lint  if  is 
km. nil  iliii  il  lias  a  nrt  >tiilcliin;;  iM~t  soiitlit-ast waidl.v  Inim  flu- simllii'iii  |HHiit  nl  tlif  .vrllnw 
Hamlstdiif  liliilV.  wliiili  IS  iiist  \M-st  ot  tlir  \alli\v,  hall' wav  acmss  the  aiiclii»ia;r<'.  This  iccf  liicaks 
Mic  vM'sti'ily  swell  Miiucuhat,  and  small  ciafl  ina\  amhornn  the  liiir  hctwfcn  its  castiTii  cMiciiiity 

and  tlii'ia>liT luc  nl'  llir  MntV  in   t  wrlvc  Icct  nt'  wain   nvrr  sandy  Imttuiii,  Init  it  is  daii;,'t'rr)iis. 

lii>iili'  lit'  III!'  iri'l'  ilicir  is  a  d«'|illi  III  liiict'latliniiis:  iiiilsidf,  a  d('|ilh  <>(  six  t'athniiis.  'I'hc  ni-l'  in 
one  |ilacc  shuns  hare  at  cvtrcini'  In"  \\alii.  and  Ilir  rastcin  patrh  has  (>nl>  loin  fcrt  .it  \\al<  r  ii|.(.ii 
it.  Il  IS  iiiarkf.l  liy  luiMk.'is  ami  li.\  ktlp  l.i  tin'  cisiwaid.  'riicic  is  aN..  ki'lp  iIum'  iiinlcr  the 
hiiiiIIm'Iii  piiiiil  III  llii'  amdiLia;;)'. 

I-'.ast  of  till'  iiiii'  III  lilillls  at  the  anrhi.iaur  is  the  l..w  upi'liiiiu;  nl'  the  \aili'\  nf  San  .liian  Cajns- 
train',  with  a  lone  alisi.  or  s\  caiiioic  tri'c  t  wo  linmlii'd  \  anU  iiis.ilc  tlir  Ixai'li ;  mil  ^iilc  of  this  is  a 
boat  lioiist'  on  thr  lira.  Ii.  <  )|ip.i^ilf  this  tri'<'  and  lioat  hoiisc  iId'  ii-<iial  kimiiii;^  is  madi'  in  siihmiIIi 
Weal  hri .  and  iiiiiilifr  is  ralii'il  a>iMii.'.  '  >iii'  liiiiiliii  --i  liiiiinti  has  amhoifd  in  tit  I  mi  lirl  ol  watiT, 
o\rr  >.iii.l\  I  lot  t  mil,  aliirasi  this  s\iaiiioir  tin',  w  ii  h  tin'  Mission  opm  to  t  ho  west  w.iid.  In  1  SS|  ihciT 
was  a  iiii'iiiiiiii  hih)ii  III  t.iiir  tatlimns.  tliicf  hiimlnii  and  twiiily  li\c  \ards  liinad  nil  the  Itcacli  to 
the  smithi'ast.  This  Imoy  was  ^'.nii'  iii  I  s.Sii.  p'roin  ilii'  liiio\ ,  tlio  I  mat  lioiisr  in-ido  llio  lioaili,  near 
tilt'  point  ot'  liic  I'l'tl-.  mi  ihi't-asi  side  lit  ihc  valloy,  Itoii'  north  (■i:,'ht('i'ii  dfL;rti's  cast  (>:.  I  ,s  I'..), 
distant  ti\  f  hundred  ,\  aii|>:  and  the  sycaiiioii'  ticc,  to  the  noil  h  west  of  tin-  I  mat  limisc.  bore  iioi  tli 
Ht'vcn  il.'i;ii  !••<  cast  (  N.  7  i'..).  distant  sc\  en  linmln'.l  \  aids.  I'lom  i  In-,  pusitimi,  tli.'  \  i-il.je  rocks 
OlV  the   \Msieiii  part  ot'  tliesaiid   Iteacii  bear  west  (  W.;.  dislani  lliiie  hiimlicil  and  scveniy  yards. 

The  .•litis  (III  the  cast  side  ot  the  open  I II;,' of  the  \all.'\  i"e  t..a  liciulil  ol  one  hniidred  and 
tweiil',  Let.  an.l  .■..iitiiine  ..f  the  same  licijhl  to  the  ca>luard.  I'lmii  tin-,  line  ol'  liill's,  ulii.'h  is 
l)ri.lv.n  li\  ill  I  p.  ii,iri"w  aiio.vos,  the  table  l.iml  liscs  gradually  to  luo  hiin.lie.l  an.l  tueiity  led  jii 
half  a  mile,  an.l  then  r.ipidly  to  ei;.'lit  linndii'd  and  sixty  feel  in  two  miles. 

Aloiij;  the  ba--.'  of  the  western  el  ill's,  half  a  mile  w  ithiii  tin'  c\iieiiiit\  of  I'm  lit  San  . I  nan  <  'apis- 
traiio.  Ihcie  IS  a  iiiirow  breadth  of  sand  beach,  bar.'  at  iiiiliii.<i>  lou  uat.'i;  but  at  cxtit  me  low- 
tides  a  liii.'  of  shingle  sh.ns  s  aloii;,'  tlii'  shore  of  this  aiicliora;^.-  I..  \  ei  \  n.ai  !y  abnast  lli<'  s\  cam  me 
tree  inc.. ll.. lied  ab. .■,(•.  'I'lil'ini^h  this  line  of  shili;;lc  the  Missii.ii  padres  opened  a  boatlaiidint; 
under  the  el;ll>,  a  liille  lcs>  than  hall  a  mile  iiori  heastward  ot  the  cap.-,  where  tlie  shore  is  raili.T 
Hliai  pl.\  lli.lented.  ,llid  .1 1  aw  III;;  I  lie  linles  to  its  cd;,'c  til  III  bid  theiii  ii\  11  to  the  bea.li.  w  li.li.-.'  they 
Were  taken  thr.in;.:li  the  si  lit'.  This  w^is  t  lie  o|il  ciiibaic.ul.i.i.  1 1  is  a  cm  ions  tail,  illiistialiii'.:  how 
liiodeiaie  are  the  soiiihe.ist  ;,'a!es  south  ol  I'oiiii  (■once|icion,  that  this  open  space  lias  never  been 
oblitei  .I'e.l  l.\    I  he  sliil!  in^  ..f  the  sliiM_!.'  .i|i  cither  side. 

I'l  III  nil  /.'."■/.■  lies  c  I.  IS.'  Illi.li  r  t  he  I. ire  .  if  this  line  ..t'  el  ill's,  with  tlllcc  fat  lioilis  i  if  \v,i  I  cf  clos.'  lip 
to  it  on  t  lie  smith. 

'I'lie  _'.'o;;ra  pineal  posr  i.ai  ..f  the  Coast  Siir\ey  station,  mi  the  hi;4hest  p;iri  .if  I 'mill  S.iii  .liiaii 
t'aplst  i.iiio,  two  hnii.li.il  an.l  eiulil\    let  ab.ive  the  sea.  is: 


I. :.!. !;!.!.■ 
l...!.Xil.l.|.' 


:'.:'.      '.'T      t  .    ■.  tii.it h. 
t!T      I J    :;:    I  Wist 


This  is  about  one  and  three  ipiailcis  miles  west  of  the  aiicli'.ra;:c 

The  valley  of  San  .liiaii  <  'apisi  i.iini  is  narrow,  ami  emu.  s  upon  the  se.i  bet  wen  i.illiii;^  lulls  of 

six    lllilidlc.l    t.  .t    cl.'Milimi    mi    llie    West     andci;;lil    linn. III. 1   and   sl\t\    f.  el   .m   the  east.      Two. III. I 

one  hall  miles  up  this  \  alley  is  I  lie  \  ill.ii;c  of  San  .liiaii  Capistraiio.  w  ith  I  he  ruins  .ind  mil  biiililiii;;s 
of  the  iiiissioii  lit  till-  same  nam.',  w  Inch  is  a  rather  p.ioi  mark  ami  on  a  very  liiiiilcd  line  of  si;;lit  for 
Vessels  approaching  the  anchorage  ni  dcii  w  either.  Th.'  \\  liile  biiil.lini^s  ,iic  well  d.  liin-.l  a;rainst 
the  dark,  bol.l  hills,  ;iiid,  as  seen  I'loiii  tin-  ba>  .  the  \  ill  i^i'  looks  soiiiewhal  like  the  olil  villa;;c  of 
Saul. I  I'.iib  II  I  tor  siiii  iii.in.  ji  bears  nmih  li\c  ilc^jrces  cast  i  N.  .'")  !•',.)  Irmii  the  deepest  part  of 
tilt'  lii;;lii  .it  Ilie  aiiilior.i^'c.  I'.cMind  Ihc  Miss], 111,  ihe  \allcs  expands  mtn  ;■  i  uli  nr.i/iii^  .iii.l  a;;ri 
Cilltiii.il  I minlry.  The  \  ;!l.i^'c  is  mi  iji,-  st  i^.'  and  lclci;raph  line  belwc'ii  l.os  An^'des  and  S.iii 
l>ici:ii  I'll.'  old  Missiiiii  was  fminde.l  in  177'!,  and  in  Scptciiiber,  ISIJ.  the  clinrch  w,i>  I  lirow  n  dow  n. 
Soon  alter  its  compleiioii,  by  an  earth. pi. ike.  ami  I'.nty  people  were  killc.l.  The  li\.'  L;rc,it  sh.icks 
of  tills  eartli(|iiake  als.i  destroyed  the  laissmns  uf  San  \  in/,  ami  !,a  I'niisima, 

I'll.'  iniisl  ■'mill  Siiii  ■limit  Ciiiiistiiniii  to  .\i  irjiiirl  lliiii  is  vcr.\  free  Iroiii  know  n  hidden  daii.Ljeis.     It 
Ih  niodei.itelv  emapacl  and  bold,  with  riiek\   dills  liiim  f.ntv    to  one  liiimlred  feet  limit.      Here  and 

i.'-'U  1'  (■  -     .•; 


M 


I'Alll'lf    toAsr    I'll.oT. 


llnMC  .111'   li.llliiw  Mli'X;!  l.llliN,  lull     ;;iMlil.lll\    Ihr    I.IIkI   IIMs    Ml   l.'im    riill^i's    tl.llis\  crsc  to  llli'  rn.isl 

line  ;iii(l  >«ii,ii;iiiil  Imiii  i-.u  li  ntlirr  li\  il(<|i,  ii.iiinw  ;irr<>Mi<..  W  itlnn  i  iiiilr  m  |\mi  ImiK  liom  tin 
shore  llii'  iiilur.N  rc.uli  as  niiirh  is  ilcvni  liiitnliiil  .iml  m\I.\  liil,  iiinl  all  llii'  siiirnrc  is  liirlrss 
Ni;;iii'l  i;i(l;.T  Is  iiiiii'  liiiiiiliiil  .iiiii  loiiN  IitI  lii-li  .ii  ilini'  .iikI  ;i  i|ii.iilrr  miles  irom  I'oiiil  San  .In.ii 

rapistiailo  .mil  one  IhlU  l..ieK  lioni  llie  ^liote.  .ukI  S  hi  .loai|l|ill  l.'lllue  is  ele\  en  lillllilreil  illlil  M\l\ 
leet  lliull  al  tell  liilles  liolii  tile  same  |ioliit  ami  iMo  ami  a  liair  miles  Irom  the  slioie.  Ill  winter  tli< 
lulls  aie  lieaillilllll\  ;:ieen  ;  III  llli'  <ll  >  reason  lliev  are  lilow  II.  I'li'tweeii  tlie  r«ieli\  fioinls  tlieie  ale 
several  low  wafer  saml  lieaelir-.,  Iml  onl\  >i\  slmii  lii<:li  \>  aler  s.inil  lieai-lies. 

Oiilvdiie  linliliii  tliiini'i-  IS  ie|>oitii|.  It  in  s  \,\\  efose  iiisliori-  at  the  inoiitli  of  the  Caiiaila  i|< 
las  I,  luiinas,  si\  iinlis  iioitliui  >l  linm  point  >,iii  .1  iiaii  ( 'a|ii-.liaiio  ami  half  \i.a\  toNcwuon  |;.i\ 
ll  i>  liarels  three  hiimlred  \  aiil>  tioin  ^oiiie  v  isilile  I  oeKs  al  I  he  «(s|  snlc  ot"  the  eo\  e,  am!  tails  in 
side  llie  L;em  lal  liileetioli  ol  tlie  >lhiic  line. 

riiere  In  a  sliulit  iiiiii'iiialrin  in  llii-  eo.ist  line  at  n\o  mile-  iioilli"  est  .  anl  Irom  roiiii  San  . I  nan 
( 'a|iisir.ino,  loeallv  kiiovMi  a^  Mii^^i  I  I'mr.  it  is  oiil\  tlnee  hnmlieii  \  auls  (|ee|).  with  an  en  Ira  lie 
t'oiii  liiimlieil  >a|iN  w  nle  lit  I  Wi'cli  I  he  I  wo  heads.  The  easlcrn  head  is  el;;lil\  li\e  I'eel  lli;;li:  tli. 
west!  Ill  held  I- loi'\  ll  el  hii;li.  ami  i>  an  i-lil  at  hiulilnle.  There  is  a  low  waters. iml  lie.nh  iindei 
the  iioitlieasterii  lilutl.  and  a  small  rm-k  at  the  southeast  |i:irl  ol  the  eo\e. 

.\I  si\  mills  lio'ii  I'm  lit  San  .lii.in  rai'i^iraiio  is  anolln  i  >li:;lii  i  mien  t,it  ion  ai  t  In-  nioiiih  of  tin 
ilee|i.  11.11  low  (  a  in  111  de  I,  is  1  ,,1^1111  I -.  The  ill  lis  I  ilea  k  dow  ll  liom  si\t  V  ft  el  to  a  s. Hid  lie.iih  at  lii;;li 
water,  loiir  hniidred  \  iliN  loii_'.  (In  ihewesi  side  of  this  little  lii;^lit  tlnieis  ,1  Ion;.'  roek.x  jMiinl 
under  tlieloilN  leet  ililV.  Willi  \  l^iMe  I'oeks  st  letelilliu  "III  t"!  two  lilllldl  ed  \  aids,  and  a  sliii  ken 
roek  IviiiL,'  three  In:  ml  led  \  .iids  iVum  !  lie  nearest  sin  re.  (In  lln'  sliipm-  land  a  I  I  he  sou  I  hi'. ist  sid. 
of  til"'  month  of  the  stie.iin  i«  the  »in,ill  -.I'ti  Iniieiil  ol  l,.i;:iiiia.  w  huh  i-.  i|iiiii'  a  ••niiinier  re-<oi  t.  Tie 
lioiises  and  .1  l.ir;:e  ll.i;:  stati  allmd  loeil  iileiititiealn>ii. 

.\li(il")ii  I'm  til  — .Vt  s,.\iii  and  I  hire  I  |i  1. 11  If  IS  miles  Irom  I'oiiii  S.iii  .lii.in  ( 'apisl  lano,  a  sli^jlii  l\ 
project  in  1:  loekv  iioinr  h.is  mo  heads  si\  hnmlred  ,\aids  ap'irt.  The  soiilhe.isti'iii  one  is  the  .sinalh  1 
and  rises  to  one  hiimln  d  .iml  fori\  fei  t,  with  a  di'|ire<sion  of  si\t v  feet  jiehiml  it.  The  iiortliwesti  1 1 
liilliM'k  rises  to  one  Imnclied  and  eii.'hi.\  feet,  and  li.is  a  neik  eij^ihlN  leei  lowii  inside.  To  tin-  east 
ward  of  the  liisi  Ih-.u!.  .1  litll..  eo\i.  h.is  .1  hi;:li  w.itel  sand  lieaeli  .  iml  ,1  (|iiailer  of  a  mile  to  thi 
mnlhwe-t  111  ihe  l.ii;;il  hr.nl,  tlnle  I-  .1  slioil  hl;;ll  w.itel  heaeli  al  llie  west  side  ol  the  llioiitll  ol'  a 
deep  .iiIo.\o. 

NKWI'OKT  HAY. 

This  small  hay  is  twenty  one  milis  irom  I'omt  San  Mateo  and  thirteen  ami  a  lialf  miles  fron 
Point  S.iii  .Iiian  Capistraiio.  I'mm  Pmiil  liiiiiin  it  lie.iis  south  ei-|it>  seven  de;;rees  e.is! 
(S'.  .s7  I-'..),  dist.inl  >!\ieeii  miles.  I.oi.kia;:  tiom  se.iH.nl.  wiih  the  low  pi. mis  III  from,  il  is  «li.s, 
under  the  lulls  loriniiiL'  the  e.ist.m  !>oaiiil.iry  of  ihesi.  pj.iins.  .\  ;:ooi|  l.imlmark  lor  niakiii;;  tin 
lia\  is  toliiin;:  the  doiilile  pe.ikid  S.inll.i-n  Mount. nil,  wlinh  lies  .ilioiil  Iwenls  (i\e  miles  liaek  1" 
the  eo.ist   liii,..  lu  l„.,i|    iiui  111.'  isl  I  N  |;.|  w  hen   tlir  elitraliee  III  tlu'  \t:\\    is  dlleelU    under  it. 

A'.!/...)/  l:iiii  was  known  lo  tin-  Sp.ini.irds  as  the  I'lahia  lie  S.m  .lo.ii{iiiii.  The  liay  is  .1 
loll!,'  and  iiairow  eiii  into  the  in-li  ims.i  Imd  on  the  w.'st  and  the  sli-liil\  hijiln  r  hilN  01, 
the  ea-!.  Its  -eiieial  dilielioii  is  iinilli  loi  thre.-  milts,  ulnn  the  head  turns  .sharplv  l»>  tin 
east  for  h.ill  a  milr.  rin-  ;,'H'itei  p.iil  of  the  lia,\  is  eh.sed  lis  m.iish  l.iiid.  iiiit  a  ehannel  wiml- 
throll;;li  lolhe  lie.id.  lie'  t'nii.iiie.'  Is  ni.isked  li\  a  Ion-  line  of  low  sand  dunes,  w  hnh  e\|ei,.! 
three  ipiailers  of  a  mile  sf.iuaiil  In  mi  the  ^relier.il  em  \e  of  till  l.islj.iml,  .ind  Imm  ,1  I  mi  tier  Iw. 
or  three  mil. 's  Inn:;  aeross  il,r  inmt  ,,1  ihtii.iv.  Hfliind  lliis  n.iii.iw  lin.' .i|  Naml  the  S.iiita  .\iii 
ItlM'l  eoines  I,, I  tw.i  or  llii.'.'  111,1.  s  lioin  tin  w.st«.,rd  iiinhi  the  faee  of  tlit-  mesa.  This  river  ami 
the  w.ilers  iif  the  luv  eni|.!\  thioilKh  III.'  haliie  eliaiiiiel,  whi.h  .  iits  tlilon-h  tli.-  s.iml  dunes  ver' 
near  th.ir  .'.isiiin   iimii.  wl,..ii.  ih.'.v  .,..111   the  liii.>  .,f  l.r.ik.'ii   l.lnll,  w  in.-h   is  al.oni    sixtv    leet    1. 

'''''^'""""-      ■^'   ''"■"" '    the  t.i|.iw|.iphiial    siirvev    '  1  sT.-f,  this  entl.iliee  w  as  w  ithlll  live  hnildl  ■■•, 

.\aids  of  t  he  .'.isii'in  .ml  of  |he  saml  dunes,  iml  the  ehannel  ihimi-li  it  w.is H,  l.yeaM  (N.  I.v  I! 

for  hall  .1  mil.'.  iiiniiin.'ilir.eil.v  l.-r  .1  p.uti.dl.v  l.iok.ii  lilna  to  w  ithiii  t  w..  hiindreii  and  liify  \ai.l 
"H'e.il.  ..ml  tl.ili  l,iriii'.l  aliri.pll.v  t..  Il,i'  Wslwald.  k.'epin..  1  jos..  to  the  saml  ilmies  un  tliesonll. 
with  a  liroail  .stret.h  of  shoal  waier  and  iii.,i>ii  i,.  tl,.-  n.irlh.  .\  luth'  ov.r  one  mile  in.snle  Ih. 
enlraiieetli..r.-is  a  small  isl.'t  one  liiimli.d  v.n.ls  .„.,„.s  .,,,,1  t,.n  ft  ,'t  hi;jli.  When  within  Ihr.. 
l.nmlied  v.inls  of  this  isl,  1  tl,.'  <  li.innel  iiiins  |,,,i,.'  i,o;tlnv..,t  Im  \..vvp.iii  I.andii..'  whiel,  1 
three-., nailers  of  a  mil.'  distant  .,11  ll,.'  siuiih.'.isi  ,„„,„  .,t   n,.'  ...esa  land  ..n.l  maiked  I.v"  Inm.se.s. 


u 


(''N  flsr  (,,  tl,,'  cu.isl 

I     IHO    ll.li   k     ||,,||l    til, 

'  >lll  I'iiri'  IS  tiii'li'S.-. 
rom  I'liliii  S.iii  , III, II 

I  lllllnlli  i|  ;||ii|  M\|\ 
lolf.  Ill  w  IlitiT  (III 
■k\    |M)iMls  (lii'ic  ail 

ii  of  Ihr  Caiiail.i  <|. 
l\  til  New  jiul  t  r,,i\ 
!■  i'('\  c.  Mini  I.iIIn  III 

iiiM  I'liiiii  Sun  .lii.ui 
I'.  »  nil  ;iii  I'litraiici 

lj\<'   I'l'l't    l|l;:li  ;    III. 

I  saiiil  Ixicli  iiihIi'i 

iti  till'  iiiiiiitli  lit'  tli< 
saml  licach  at  lii;;li 

.1   Inli;;  Imkv   j I 

■nils,  mill  a  .siiiikfn 
I  iIh"  Niiiillii>aNt  sill. 

llllMII'f  lisol  t.       'I'll. 

Iiislian.i,  a  sli;;liih 
1i  mil-  Is  till'  Niiiaiic  1 
I  111'  Iimlliwrsti  Ml 
snlc.     To  tlif  fast 
liT  ol  a  null'  til  111. 

Ill      lllf    llllllllll    III      A 


I  a  Iiair  null's  friiii 
I'M'ii  (Icj^rrcs  las! 
Ill  rriini.  It  is  I'll. SI 
il>  liir  iiiakin;:  th.- 
Ii\  I'  liilli'N  liark  .■ 
iiiiiicr  it. 

Ml,      'rill'  lia\    Is  J 
l>    Infill  I'   iiilU  .' 
lis    .sliiil|il\     K)    til. 

It  a  I'liaiiiifl  u  ill.; 

IIIC,'<,   W  jlil'h   CVtl'l; 

riii'iii  a  I. ,11 1  irr  I  v\ 
ml  till'  S.iiita  All  I 
a.     Tills  ri\ cr  ah'' 

r  S.lhll  lIlllH's  \  11 
liiilll     .s|\tS     I'ci't    li 

illiin  live  llllllllll' 
1  i'V  cast  (N.  Ii>  \ . 
I'll  .iinl  li('t\  _\  ai.i 

IIICS  1)11    t  lit'  NIHII  ll 

n<<  mill-  in.siilc  i  h. 
V'lii'ii  \\  illiiii  till. ' 
.aiiiliii;,',  w  liii'h  I 
ll.ril  li\    liiilisi's. 


'Vs. 


-v-r 


r'-vi'Wfc 


I'.ijiil  S.iii  .lintii  '  ni'iNirmii.,  K.  Ii\  N    j  N     17  iimIin. 


:^'»**^ffl'»  -s;^- 


/ 


^(^^  "" -**-*     "^  — r;--*i 


.  «*  ■' 


Nitiitin(r<'  Mniitititiii    ilmihli'  pewk. 


-'^^— ^^:::^'^^^-- 


Mount  San  Oiiol'rr,  \,l'Jf,  I'lN^t,  MMt  '/T  milea. 


I'oiut  San  Juan  Capistrano. 


'"N 


Saiitiiij;o  Mountain, 
NK.'Jy  miliiH,  "i.ti^i  feet. 


*   I 


^'issiili 


^--^^ 


f '~^;*f^:f-"-if  "^  '^'^'■"'^'^Tnr'*"'**^- 


^-•r-'^'^^^*   \r~ 


I'liNt  (iiilrli  wMiili  i>rSaii 
SHiiiiu^ii  Miiiiiitalii    ■•iT  iiiili'c:  fi.rtSi 
tJiilili  N.  \  K.,'.'  liiilfH, 


■-^. 


¥■ 


,\ 


X. 


^\ 


S«iiii..>;<.  M..1111IUU].  .■..i;Kc  |..t.  N   :x    K    .;t-mil.s  from  8 
,<li(tw  ;   iIi'IuiIh  III  liiiKX'iiliti. 


\- 


X 


^v 


\ 


Mituiituin, 

,  ijiNt    •i!'  iiiilcx;  ('<ia«t-linii  ilist.  t'J  inilra. 


"^  r  -.^ 


t'lrxt  tiiilrli  wMilli  tirSitii  .liiiiii  C'ii|>i8tritiio : 
(lull  )i  N.  \  K., '.'  ijiileH. 


<•;  1.1  I,  N   T!*     K    . ;("  iiiilo  Iruiii  Sun  I'l'ilrci). 

lIl'lallM   III    llllKX'lllltl. 


> 


I'AIII'K      COAST    I'll.iir,  .».') 

The  iliaiiiicl  li;is  cliaiijiril  ( 1  ss.!)  cut  iiil\  siiiir  ilic  siiivcy  nt'  \S~'t.  TIiori>  is  ii(i\v  111)  siiiiil  spit 
on  till'  ••asl  siilo  of  till-  I'lilr^iH'f  ;it  lii;:li  uatrr,  lull  at  li>w  \v:itrr  llicri'  is  a  siiml  Itaiik  lliric  wilii 
a  swasli  cliaiiin'l  hi'turcii  it  ami  tin'  |(mU\  |injii'.  in  ciiti'iiii;,',  this  sand  liaiik — wliirji  tlii' steam 
ship  coiii|iaiiv  has  iiiailviil  i>>  a  nd  l)ui)v--is  jrll  on  the  starlioanl  liaiiii,  but  xcrv  rlosc  alioanl. 
Aftrr  passing'  this  ml  I'lmy,  tlir  stfaiiii'i  runs  lor  a  short  ilistaiirr  to  tin-  Irt't  (or  ui'stwaiilj  of  tlir 
r(>t!k\  point  anil  close  to  it,  hi  raiisc  the  point  troiii  tin'  west  spit  iiiaki'S  mit  so  tar  that  a  vessel  is 
(»hli;;eil  to  Hialvi'  a  \civ  sharp  turn,  ami  in  iloin^'  so  her  stern  s\vin;,'s  in  over  the  sunken  rocks  just 
iiisiile  the  iock.\  point.  'I'lieiiee  there  is  a  ^ood  ehannel  to  the  \\hair.  I  n  ;;oinu' on!  it  is  impiaeti- 
cable  to  make  the  >liarp  turn  just  inentioneil  without  leltiii;^'  at*  an  anehor  ami  allowing  the 
stemiiei   to  .stiaiL;lite''  out  to  il  a^;aillst  tin-  llooil  inlc. 

Local  kiio\vlc.|;;e  i>  iei(iiireil  to  enter  ami   liiljow  the  channel,  beeaiise  tl niranee  elia(ij;es 

after  eaeh  Mow.  It  is  claiiueioiis  tor  boats  to  enter  exeept  on  the  llooil.  I'ormellv  iaii;;eswere 
moveil  to  imliiMle  the  position  of  the  bar  to  the  eoa-itili;,'  sleaiiiers,  but  now  a  local  pilo!  comes 
out  in  his  ihwv  to  mei't  the  ineoiiiin;,'  steamer,  ami  vei.\  adroillx  he  manages  to  cross  the  li.ir 
when  It  is  breakin;;  bywatehin;;  tor  a  I'axorable  /iionieiil.  l'"ortiiiiatel\  the  liar  is  very  .short. 
There  IS  lioiii  I'lire  .iiiil  (nich.ill  to  t'oiii  aiiil  one  half  Icet  on  the  bar.  ami  eoastinj,'  steamers 
dnivx  iiiu  ><\  en  iml  one  li.iir  leei  enlei  at  the  spi  iii;,'  tides  to  briii;,'  in  lumber,  etc.  No  seliooners 
iund  here.  Tliei e  is  one  whart,  \\.irelion>es.  a.id  se\en  or  eii;lit  small  slianties  near  tliein.  The 
'     flrOHli  water  IS  bioii;;Iil  rroiii  a  spriii;;  at  the  head  of  the  bay. 

i\(  I  he  exlieme  west  soiittiwest  point  of  the  west  spit,  tun  and  one  hall  miles  uisiward  rroiii 
tlu' en!  r.iiiee  .iiid  one  and  one  ipnii  Icr  miles  southwest  t'lom  I  he  laiidiiiL;'  inside,  the  line  of  sand 
iluiies  makes  a  turn  to  the  v.    st  iiorlhuest.      .\t  this  an;,de  of  the  shoreline  the  waters  of  the  bay 

coiue  uithiii  one  luindred  yards  of  tli eaii  :it  hi;;li  water,      lleie  the  mm  does  not  break  lii'a\ily 

on  the  beai'h.  ,iiid  the  pilot's  bo.ii  is  l.iunchcd  on  the  outside  beai-li  when  lie  cm  not  cross  the  bar. 
At  this  point  the  li\  dro;,'raph>  has  di'\cloped  the  head  o|  a  deep  submarine  \alley,  wheie  the  line 
of  ten  l,il  lioins  eoiiM's  within  time  hundred  and  lll'ty  yards  of  the  beaeh  and  lift\  fathoms  within 
fl?esi\ths  ol  ,1  mile.  West  w  aid  of  I  Ills  suliiiiariiie  vallev .  and  four  to  si\  miles  otf  shore,  there  is  a 
plate, 111  with  slioal  water.  I'rom  ten  to  tlniiv  talhoms,  over  line  ^,'iay  s.iml.  thioiiuhoiit  ."sail  Pedro 
IJhv  ;  eastward  I  lie  depth  drops  otV  into  t  wo  hundred  fathoms  four  miles  nil  shore,  with  brown  and 
jjreeii  mud.  If  is  s;iii|  ih.ii  this  siibm  iriiie  \allcs  can  be  rc,idil\  ni.ide  out  troni  the  hills  ,dio\e  on 
UCCOlint   of   the  discolol'ed   W.lter  oil  either  liailil. 

Tin  le  .lie  no   d.lli;,'els  in  .Ipploaehill;,'  llic  bai    troln  the  westward  if  \on  keep  the  beaeh  tlir 

quarters  ot  .l  mile  disl.ilit   in  about  sl\  oi   se\  en  fathoms,  over  ;^ray  sand.       The  u  aid   deepens  lap 
itlly  after  p.is.siii;_'  I'oinl    hasiieii,  .ind  .1  deplli  of  one  liundred   lathoms,  with   blue  ,ind  ;^ieen  miid, 
i.-i  within  one  ami  a  ■  u.ii  ler  miles  soiithw  ml  of  ihc  .New  port  b.ii .  be  in;;  in  I  he  deep  submarine  val- 
ley aliiad\   dcsciilied.     The  usual   anehora;,'e  Inr  \  es,,.ls  rem. iiniliL,' outside  is  either  to  t  he  e  ist  cu- 
west  of  ihe  b.ii.  Ill  ei;;lil  to  tell  latlioiiis  of  water  .ind  "ne  i|u  iilei  ol'  .1  mile  from  the  bea--!:. 

The  chaiim  I  ai  loss  ihe  b.ir  eiiaii;:e.s  at  e\er\  spi  mu  I  idc  w  liib'  tin  depth  remains  about  three 
and  a  hall'  to  lour  ami  a  li.ilf  liei.  .^  ;;ood  l.imlm.ii  k  loi  this  \  icinity  is  Sanl.i  .\n.i  or  .S.ni  .I.ieiiito 
Mount. till.  \ci\  lii;;h  and  double  peiked. 

TkIi  >. —  I' he  me. Ill  I  ise  ami  fill  of  tubs  niay  be  I.ikeli  .is  thi'  same  ,is  t  hat  ol  A  liaheim  Land 
IIIR,  while  It  IH  lour  .ind  three  tenths  Icil,  .iml  the  ;;rc.itest  iaiii;e  ol  hi^h  .ind  low  w. iters  seven 
and  tlllee  tenths  led. 

W'liin/iil  \iiiinirt.  —  Toavoid  tin- d  iiif,'ei  s  of  crossiii},'  t  he  bar  at  Newpoi  t,  a  \  ei\  siib.staiiti.ll 
wlmrf  has  been  eimslrnded  sc.iwaiil  Iroiii  the  outenilosi  pail  ol'  the  bc.ieli  to  the  westward  of  the 
entrance  to  the  ba.\ .  The  point  w  is  chosen  b. 'cause  it  is  a  I  the  head  of  the  deep  suli  marine  ^  alley 
which  carries  Ine  lalholiis  ol  w.ilci  within  'hiee  hinidicd  and  lhiil_\  \.iids  ot'thc  slmre.  'i'lie 
wharf  IS  iieail\  Iliree  hundred  yards  Ion;:,  si\iy  feel  wide  at  the  outer  jiart,  and  is  iiiiietcen  feet 
•ibove  lii;;li  wald  lis  eciicral  iliieilion  ts  southwest  by  south,  and  at  Ihe  outer  part  weloiiml 
tliirty  led  ot  watei  at  the  end.  and  siMicii  and  sevdiliiii  feel  of  water  about  ei^hiy  yards  on 
eitlier  side  (owards  the  shore  ({•'ebrilii'.  '.'J.  |sSll>.  ('ulsidc  ol  the  wharf  a  kll;;e  moot  in;;  buoy  is 
placed  1;.  Il  II  fathom-  of  w.itei  on  Ihc  mild  eili:i  ol  the  pl.ilcaii  |o  Ihe  westward,  which  cariies 
llv»>  to  six  f.itlioiiis  of  water.  Iletwccn  the  biio\  ami  Ihe  wharf  the  ileplli  is  i'i:;htecn  fathoms. 
The  buoy  lies  two  hundred  and  tweiitv  li*.  c  \  anU  southwest  tVoin  I  he  s.iutheast  aiii^le  of  the  w  liarf. 

This  wliarf  stood  the  sexeie  ;;ales  ot  the  winter  of  1S.S,S-',S'(  w  it  lioiit  d.iina;;c.  .V  railroail  is 
ImbIii;;  eoiistnicted  lioiu  ihe  wharf  to  Sini.i  Ana. 


(■ 


; 


f 


•I     (■ 


I   fi 


•    !; 


i    It 


.'.»; 


I'Acii  ic  (11  \- 1    111  '>r 


\nrl„,lt     l.<l>lllillil.i\\«'li\     IWOMIIJ,-     IIIM.I.'    tlir     .lllialH.     .Mill   (lii    III.'   x.mtlM'.lsl    I.HT   uf    1  ||,.    ||  |  m  1 

iii.'s.i   I, mil.  i^  a  I'l.HT  .(.iil.nimiu  a   l.-u   si,,ii'  Imiixs.  a  wliail.  .in. I  .i  '.u  .-liaiilii'.-^.     'I'li.nr.'  i..,i,| 
inn  I.«    \iialiriin.  ."^.iiil.t  Ana,  ilini  nllici   |M.uit>. 

riic  ;:( ti;;ia|ilii('al  piLsitinii  i>f  Nr\v]iiiil  l.anilin^  i^; 

I.alitml.' • ■"      ■'•      '"""' 

l,,.nu,l„.l.-    'I'        ■•'•     ■•"■'^ 

III  l,-^7."i  liic  bar  111  till' .iilraiic.- Ii.'if  s.iull.  iifty  .l.rni-i  .isl    ■^.  Mi    K.>l'i..ni  N.'uii..rl  {..inilm. 

\'i>\y  I    I  \>i  I.N.* 

Tw.'nn    niil.'^  ii..ilii   sixi\  li\>'  .l.'i;n  .'s  u.'-i     V.  i;.".     W.    I i  I'.Miit   ( '.i|ii-<ii.in.>  .in.j  li.uil.'. 

miles  n.ulli  i'i_'lit\  -i\  .l.'i,'!.'.'^  '■•i-i     N-  ^1'     I'-    tl  "in   I'mnl  I  .  nu.ii,  i>  llic  j.iu  l.liilV.  iirai  l\  I  u ..  unl. 
HI  t'Mfiil.  11,1111.'. I  l.aMi.'ii.      ll  IS  till'  >li"i.'  t<'iiiiin..li"n  .■!    iln-  Inn;;,  i.'ilin-.  ImH'  lull...  U  r.ill.il    I,  , 
li.ilsas.'     Tliis  l.iii;.'.  llai   ii.ly:i'  i.'.ulif*  an  .'l.'x  .ili.'ii  ..T  .'in'   liniMin'il   .in. I   niiicliin   l.-.-t.      T.i  lli. 
tastw.iiil  i.r  i!  liis   llir  S.iiila  Ana    i;i\i'i    .mil   .nljac.  nl    l.m  lali.K.  .m.i  tn  tin- u  rs|\x  ai.l,  Inw    laii.l- 
cut   ii|i  iiv  a   -iiM's  of  iiiai>iii->  aii.l    lai;;.'   l.i;;.i«iiis.  .  iii|.t\  m^:   min   th.'   -,m   iIii,,ii;;|i    \i.|\    >|iallo 
cliaiiiii'ls.     Tiii^  iinini  loniis  Ihf  i'.i>tiiii  limit  (il'tlii'  1  i\  .>l"  San  I'.'.lio. 

Vaiiniiivcr  (ila.  .'.1    I'.nnl    I.asncii  al'.uit    t '.v.'lvi'  aiilcs  i  ast  l'>  ^.nil  li  ( 1!.  li\   S,    timn  I'uint   1.: 

iiiiii.  aiiil  (U'scrili('.'<  it  .i--  a  If"  imiiil  tnnnin;,'  tl asl  pniMt  nl"  a  ^niall  liav .  .n  .  ii\  i'.  in  I  lii'  -.umiIum   ■ 

liurt  of  San  I'cili.i  i;,i\.      II.'  \\.i>si'Mn   iiiili'>  scuuli.  r.iil\  .i.':,Mi'i's  ucsi  i  S.   in     \\  .  i  li..'ii  i|        \\  . 
have  |il.iiti'.l  Ins  |>.isitni!i  a-^  It  i>  ;:im'ii,  Ik^iIi  I'V  lalitinli' iili>ct  \  .iti.tii  .ind  l.\  lii'.irin^'<  mi  I'.ijnt  Vii 
fi'iiti' .iii'i   S.inla  I'alali'i.i.     11.'  i'\i«lintl>  iiiistiHik   tin-  lo« ,  iniir.xliN   I. mils  |.i  tin-  west  of  it  lo  lie  .i 
r»<'i'S>iiin  111' ihr  slmli    III    .'s.lli    !'. i'..i>. 

Kniil  la;'c  l.i;;.>.in'- i'|ii'li  iipi'ii  ll an  tn-I  wci'li  I'.'llit   I.aMici!  ami  r.tiiil  Frritiiii.  williiii  wlm  ' 

li.iuii.N  \M' r.'i'k.in  San    I'.'.li..  r..i.\ .      I'll,   iii-t  ..|.ciis  .ili.nii   time  inilfs  wt'-t  imri  liu.stw  anl  Cr..' 
r.iini    l.aMi.'ii  ami   tw.-hi'  iiiili'>  .'.i^t    l.\    iiiiiii.     \\.  \>\    N.     Iinm    I'.iuit    r.iniin.      ll   .li.iins  n  i!,- 
(•(iiiiilr\  tliiiiiijili  a  siii.ill  vlr.'.im.  |ii.il>alil\  an  .li.l  i  .laiiti.'.iiiDii  ..f  t  lir  .Saiit.i  .\iia  Kiv  n.      It  is  alum' 
tu.i  and  a  lialt'  111  ill's  lull  l:  ami  sr|i,ii.ili  .1  t'niiii  the  •■<  .'an  1>\   .i  naimw  >tti|.  i.t'  l.iw  .s.iihI  lic.nli.  mv  .■; 
\\  liii'li  til.'  ^.',1  «,i'-in'^  in  pl.ii'i'-.  Ill  lii'.iv  \  ■«!.ii  ins  ll  .li.i  I  ll.'  mill  Invent  .m.l  --.mii  li.'asl.      I'li.'  I.in,,.iii  1,    - 
a  In  ra.lt  ll  lit  iiiil\  a  t'cw  liiimiii'il  vaiils  ami  a  iii'nitli  .iiM.iit  til'iv   \  .iiiis  in  w  hIiIi,  w  ii  h  .i  ii.iiidu   1. 
ii{i.iii   uliicli  ilii'i'i'  i<  .1  vi'i\  lit'a\\  lii'cik  at   ,ill   si.ii.'1's  <it  tin'  tnli'.  ri'inlfriii;;  it  il.injxciinis  i.i  it.' 
m  li.i.iN  ui'  .m\   i>iii.|.     'I'lii'ii'   !■-  111.  -alt'  .nirimia-.'  ■  il  ilif  .'iiti.im'c.  .m.l  ii  i-  .aimin.-.I  t.i  tlic  iisn  ; 
\viiiiN. 

Ilciii'.'   t.i   lln    -(•('. 111. I    l.iir.iiiii   III!'   lii'a.  h   1'   l<n\    ,m.l   llii'laml  I'l'liiii.l  it  nuii.-.|i\   Inr  iiiilr-..      I 
winter  llic  .'iillIllIN    l~  u;.l.  ly  r.iViT.'il   wilii   w.ili'l, 

A.NAIII.IM    I  AMUNii. 

Sis   null's  ii.irtli   liitx  -exni   .li';:i'i  i-  \m>;     N,  ."i,'     \\  ,    iinm   I'.imi   l.i-mii  ami  mni' ami  .i  li  . 

miles    liKlIll    S1\I\    M\    .le;^|ee.s  ea-t      N.t.li      l'..,ll.«lil    i'l.inl    lellillli    lli'.s    t  lie  ml  I  ,llii-e  t"  t  he  .seen! 
l.i;;. 11)11.  .It   Alialiei:.'!   I.amiiiiL:.      l'"liiiii  tin-   ilielior.i;;e  al  .'siii  I'e.linil  lie.us  mirth  m\I  \  ei^'lit  de^i.  . 
e.i>t  (N.il.s     I-;.  .  ili>t.ml  .lyhl  .m.l  a  !i. ill   mile.s.      TJic  ii.u  I  h"  estri  n   ••i.le  i-  m.ii  I.e.l  li\   a  l.iw   lilin  . 
risili;:  li.nii  ten  |.>  ;uiiily  leel  ali"i\.'  Ilie  iinitiiini  tiat  ;;riniliil. 

The  i.i:.'.  inn  li.'S  •..111  111  east  .it  111  is  111  I  lit.  .mil  the  eiit  laiii'i'  is  im.l.i  I  lie  ea -lei  11  1 1.1 1 1  ami  i-  kiii. 
as  .\nalii'lin  <  'l.-ek.       I'lie  i.,11  ..1   I  m-  >  Hi  i.ili.e  li.el.  in   I  sl'is.  I  u  n  ni  Ilm  i-  In  |  ,,1'  u  .ili  r  iiimhi  i(   :i|   |., 
NS.iIiT.    lull    \i'-stls  dii    ni.t    .illeili|il    to   I'Lif-     ll,    ami    im.ll-    e.iiimil     enter     ll     li>«     tide.       .\    l.ii 
lieae.iii  1m>  lieeli    I'leeled  lie. 11    I  lie  l.lll.llll;:  .1-  ,1  lii.tlk   I'.il'  lll.lklllx'  ll.  ami   -e\er.ll  liir);e,   white   u.il 
hiiii-i  -  atlunl  easv  imaii-  .if  leeo^iil/.ili;r  tin-  Liiidlii;;. 

'rii.'l.'  ale  ii.i  d  iii-el-  111  .ili|iro.iililli;;  this  |i|.o'i  .  Tile  w  .ilei  -Im.ll-  -railllall>  to  the  .iiieh.i 
a:_'«'  in  r..iir  t'.ithnin-.  .i\er  liin'  -l'a\  sand.  «  heii  .i  liltli-  m.ne  tli.iii  hall  a  mil.-  Iiom  the  liea.li.  \ 
t  U.I  and  .1  ijnarter  mil.'-  11.1111  tin-  l..-.l.  h  the  .h-jilll  1>.  ten  Llllioin-.  .i\  ei  .'o.iiNf  s.111,1.  'I'liele  I- 
l.iw.  ti.'.'le-s  lull  iieailx  .m.'  mile  l..i.k.'l  the  landing,  and  oil  the  ImmcIi  a  "  lute  Ir.niie  I.eae.. 
This   heaeoii  is  an   .i]ien    -.  .itlnl.l  111-    ,ili..iil    lliMt\    |e.  t    lii;.'h.  and  is  ii-.  .1  |..  e.iri  v    .1  li;^hl .  w  lii.h 

shown  when  st.'ainer-  .11  e  e\|ie.'led  at   the  an»iiii|a;:e.      IT  a  -te.iin.i   :i|i| 1.  he-  tin-  .111.  hnl.i".'  ai 

(I.ies  not  see  til.'  h-ht   It   1-  a  -i;,'n    thai    III.'    Il-lilei  s  .He  mil     le.iih    uilh    ll.l-lil.       I,l^;lite|s    |  eee  i 
aiS.l  tliM'h.ll'Je  .'.ilj.'  at   III.-  .iillel    li||..\    .111.1    111'  Ih.'ll  haille.l   I.I  III,-  llimi    limn,  theiiei-  o\er  the  |. 

•  N.mi.-.l    l.>   Van.  ..ii\.  I.  in  IT'.i.;.  .111.  1    l.iii.m    liaii.i 1.-  I.i  Sum.  ||„.   lalli.i  |.i.  ~m|.  i.I  ,.M  li.    iii,-,i,.ii,  .,|    \ 

(.'uliriii'iiiu. 

t  \i.!(;iiii.i  lias  111.-  liyiiiil  r.i^ia  r,.,vii  in  iliis  \  ii  .inly. 


i'>.     'riiriicf  I'nail 


7       111. till. 

I.      ^M  h| 
Nl'\\  imll    I..IM1II11 


I'Miiit  :iiii|  tiiiirtri" 

IV.  IIIMI  l\    t  W  II  lllllr 
Illll.H  k    I'Mllnl     I. 
ItTil     liil,        'I'l.    til. 
■st\\;l|il.  low    l:lllil- 
.ll^ll    \('l\     sliiiU.. 

■>.     III. in    I'lillil    I  I  ; 
c.  Ill  I  III'  sniil  Iif.i~' 
W.I  1 11. Ill  It        W  . 
•ili;;<  nil   I'ciiiil  \'i; 

!■     Wl'st     llf    ll      III    111- 

iiiiin.  «  It  Inn  w  In. 
ii  I  li'.Mst  u  ,tnl  III.' 
Il  ill.iiiis  a  III 
l>'i\  ll .  It  IS  alum 
\\  .saml  111', nil,  u\  r 
I.  'I'lli'  l:i;:iiii||  ll  ' 
\»  11  ll  ,1  li.ininv    III 

ll.lllCl'lllllS    til   I'll. 
■  IMll    til    till'    U'-l'    : 

>li\   |ii|-  unit'-..      I 


.1  iiiiif  aiiil  :i  li.i  ' 
111'  (ll  I  In*  M't'iiii' . 
I\I\   |.|;:lit  il(';,'li  . 
Ii\   a  liiu   lilii!  . 

>.il  t  ami  i>  kill." 

I    U|.llll    It    ,ll    I" 

.^^     lull',      A    1,11 
ar;:i'.  «  liiti-  v\  .11 

1\    111  I  111-  aliiliii 

:   till'  Ix-arli.       \ 

-111. I,     Tlicii'  I- 

111'    ll.lliii'    lirai'i' 

a  ii:;lil ,  w  liii  ll 

II    .llirlinl  ,l^'i'  .11 

l.ii;litt'is  rci'ii' 
■ini'  ii\  IT  till'  I' 

ll:.     111".>1I.||,.  Ill      \ 


r\cii'ic  CDAsi'  I'li.iii'.  .'{7 

hI  hi;:  1 1  NT.ili  1   111  I  hi'  wli.iil.  u  hirli  is  uii  I  hi'  ui'st    siili'    a  in!    lii-ailv  tlil'fc   ll  II  ml  I  I'll  \aiils  m.siili'  thn 
pciiiit. 

'I'lii'  iiiili'i  liiiii\  Is  111  iwi'iilv  iiiif  li'it  111'  u.iliT,  ilistaiil  Hill'  thiiiisaml  ami  lill  \  ,\  aiils  smilli 
HOM'iilv  mil'  ili'Ulrcs  cast  1 S.  71  I'..)  1111111  tin'  lii'.iriui  aiiil  rl;,'hl  liilliil  I  i-il  ami  rl;;litv  .\  ai  ils  ||  mil 
low  walri  111. Ilk  nil  saiiii'  licaiiiiL;.  I'lic  iiiiiit  Ihihn  lii'S  in  Iwi'lvr  ami  a  hall'  Iri'l  ul'  walrr,  ami  is 
Hvc  liiiiiilivil  ,iml  lilt.v  \aii|>  iinrth  t'iL:hl.\  t"ii  i|i';;ii.cs  cast  1  N.  S2  !■;.'  Irmii  the  liraniii  ami  thiii- 
lllliiilii'il  .iml  lilt.v  .\.iii|s  Irniii  liiu  u.iti'i  111,11  k  mi  >ilm'  liciiur^,  Hiiihi  li  ir  t  Iiiti-  is  I'mir  fi'i'l  of 
wairi    .l.iiiuai  \ .  I'"^7.'.  . 

i  he  .i;i'i>'^ia|ihii',ll   luisillii.i  ul   thr  lirainll  Is; 

i.:iiiiiiii.' :t.'      11     li    ■,;  11..11I1. 

I.i.liyillllll'       11-  11'         ......     \M-I 

Or.  Ill  I  Hill' '      ,.■-"     'j:.'.'.' 

'I'lii'  ma'^iii'lir  \ , I!  I, it  lull  w.is    II     ;;s   (';i>|  111  ,I,iniiar\ .  I  S^."l. 

'I'llis  pl.ii'c  IS  ali,imlmiiil  1  '.s^  '.    ainl  1  hi'  li-htfi'-  ami  iiii>>l  iliirs  irimivnl. 

'J"lir  Itiwnut'  .Vn.ihi'iin  ins  Icii  mill's  tu  t  hi'  nuithi'ast  uf  tlir  l.imliiiL.',  ami  i-tln'  ii'iiliT  uf  a 
'  ll'y;i'  ;;l:i|M' I'lillilli'.  In  I-.~mi  il  h.i.l  ,1  |)ii]iiil  it  lull  ul  ■"'S-l,  ami  it  i>  i-.iiim-rli'il  Willi  I. us  An;;i'li's 
ami  San  l"i,iiii'isi'u  liy  i.rl. 

//./.<.  Aidiliiiiii  l.diiiliiiii. — 'l"u  tiinl  till'  liim'-.,iml  ln'ii;lil -^  uf  1iil;Ii  ami  luvs  u  ali-l  >,  .i|'|il,\  ihi'lul- 
lowiii'^  I'liiirrtiuiis  In  I  hi'  liinis  ami   hi  ii;lils  tur  .San    l>ir;:u,  ;,'i\rn  in  ilir  Cua-t  ami   ( ii'iMlftic  Siir 
ve.V  'lull' Tal'li's,  |inlili-hi  il  i-arh  vi-.n-.      i''ui' I  In-  limi.  uT  hi^h  u  alii  -  .hIiI  Iuiii  ti'i-li  iiiiiinto.  ami  inv 
low  waters  .njil   iiii,.'   niiinili- ;    tur   lii'i;:lil  uf  hi;4li    waU'is   Militi.ni     I  uu  ti'iiths    I'uut,  ami   I'm'  luw 
Wllti'is  .siilitrai'l   lliii'f  tenths  I'uul. 

Tliflhil'il  !ai,'uuii  rcri'iM's  I  hi'  \\ali'i>ul'  tin-  Cni/olf  ('cm/.'  ami  llie  iii'u  .^'''«  (iiihtiil  1,'irir.  ll 
lie.s  aliuiil  tlnii'  inilrs  \m'.-,I  nui  thwi'sl  u  .ml  I'luiii  Aliahiini  I.amlin^,  ami  iimlli  tiltv  li\i'  ili';;iri'S 
east  iN.."i'i  1;.;  iiiiii'  anil  a  hall'  iiiili's  I'luin  I'uiiii  I'l'innn.  Tin'  luw,  t  ii'i'less  hill,  thii'i'  hiimlri'd 
iUld  lill.v  ii\  1'  li't't  rli'\  .itiiiii.  1,\  ill;,'  I'liiir  ur  li\  r  inilrs  nm  thui'-i  ul'  tlir  tliinl  laLTuun.  is  l.u^  ( 'ii  litus. 

Till'  SiiK  (riiliriil  L'irir  lluw  s  iiitu  till'  I. lis  AikI'Iix  1,'irir  tni  inili's  fiuin  ihi'i-uast,  in  tlir  luu 
plain-',  ami  finiilns  iniu  S.iii  I'liiiu  lla.N  nurih  tueiilv  si\  iIcliii'I's  east  (  N.  I'l;  V,  ,ili>talit  li\i' 
miles  I'liiin  I'. lint  I'liiiiin,  Ni',ii'  the  westiin  eml  of  the  I'uit  \  tuul  liliitV  lietueeii  the  tliinl  l,i:.,'uun 
ainlllie  inullthut'  tills  1  '  w  r  t  here  IS  a  lilH-kir-e  lillililin^'.  leei'lltls  el  ri'Ii'il  (  1  SS,"!',  wliU'll  rui'ins  a 
j;ouil  l.iiiiliii.ii  k  aluiii;  thi.s  luw  .shme.  I|  In-s  iiuitli  ruitvtwu  ami  a  hall' ili';,'rees  east  (N,  IL'A  Iv), 
Colli' ami  a  h.iir  miles  t'luin  I  ie,iiliii.nrs  l>l,iin|. 

The  .s.n/  /'.  </»•<'  U  mil  iinji  lies  ln'|  u  cin  1  he  S,lll  I'eilru  1 1  ill  ,inil  1  he  Siel'ia  S.tli  .lliail  tu  |  he  east- 
Wanl.amlthe  .siiinnier  w  inil>  ill.iw  ilireellv  u\  n  t  he  eMen-iv  i'  |il,iilis,  e.illsiii'.^-  t  he  westi'l  Iv  .swell 
t»»  lull  Iliiiill  I  he  luW  ,  s.imh  lie.leli  with  '_;le,lt  tuiee.  In  \M  III  e|-  t  he  sunt  lieast  ami  >mit  li\M  >t  .sWeil 
hri'aks  II  pun  I  he  s.lliie  slimes  w  ll  ll  SI  nil    \  iiileme  as  tu  |)li'\  elil    ,|I1\    \  I'SM'I  iliseliaif^llljj  ur  let'fiv  iiiy; 

fn'i;,'ht  at  .\  III  III!  Ill  [..iiiilinu,  ami  e\  en  tu  |iie\  eiii  a  \  esM-l  riiliii;,'  al  aiieliui'  ulV  it,  unless  well  I'uiiinl 
with  niiiiiml  Ml  kle. 

SAN    I'F.IiKO    HAY. 

This  1  ii'seeiit  sli.iji.il  li.i  \  lies  lii'lweeii  I'uiiit  I ,  i-iiiii  am  I  I'uiiit  l"i  run  ii.»  I 'luin  I  he  l.il  ler  tu 
tllf  till  nil  r  1  he  euillse  Is  Iml  1  ll  el^lil  \  si.\  (leL;iee>  e.i-l  (  N.  Mi  I'!.  1.  ami  the  1 1 1st  a  nee  lull  I  teen  miles, 
MtM  ween  tlie.-e  t  wu  ]Kiiiit.s  I  he  liiw ,  .sainlv  shme  leiieats  nearly  Ihe  miles  tu  the  imithwaril  |ii->t 
Oil.st  w  aiil  ul  I  he  munI  ll  ul  1  he  Liis  Aii;;eli'S  ,iml  .S.m  <l,iliiiel  l.'i\ers.  l:iit  In  I'uie  ilesi  riliin,'  1  he 
bay  we  '^\\\'  the  l.imlinarks  tur  inakiii;,'  it. 

Situ  I'liiin  llili. — This  is  (lll(^  ul'  the  iiiu-l  |iimniiii'lil  i.imlm.ii  k>  mi  t  he  111,1^1,  ami  1-  the  ills- 
tilij;iii>hiii;:  le, lime  fur  niakiii;;   S,in  I'eiliu   i;a\  .iml    W  ilminutmi  ILiilmi.      Tin'   >iiiit  he.i-iei  n  I'.ne 

forms  the  v-i'^ti'in  liuiimJaiA    ul'  S.lll    I'eillu   l;.i\.  ami   theliee  it    -.irelehis    111  ,1   hl^ll,  liulil  llilue  west 

hy  iiuiih    '\  .  li>   N.)  lur  nine  miles. 

Till'  smith  .shure  ut'  San  Pi.hu  Mill  t'liiins  pari  .it  Ihe  imi  1  h  sale  ul  iln-  S.iii  I'eilm  <  h.innel, 
MCVellleeli  miles  w  iile,  1  let  Ween  the  ni.iiii  eu,i,>l  line  ami  the  i-l,iml  ut'  ,S.inl.i  »  ,11  .ilin.l.  'I' he  ui-m  r.il 
direetiuiiul  Ihe  lull  I-  |i,ir.illel  wiih  the  Imi^i-r  a\es  ulS.inl.i  (  .ii.iiiii.i,  ,S,iii  ( 'lenieiile,  .iml  S.m 
NiehuLis   l.slaml>.      In   aii|irii.ieliiii.i;   it    t'luni    Ihe    we.-^iwanl  ur  smii  he.isi.  it    i-,   mule   ,i>  a-muuih. 

liimleiali  I;    luiiml  tuppeil  iiiuiiniain,  ami   is   tiisi    mail it  when   a  \e--si-l   isalmasi   rmnt   MiilTii: 

fnini  the  .-until  west  it  i-,  m.nle  um  .i>  a  luii;;,  ll.i'  tup|ieil  inminlaiii  w  hen  iieai  1\   I'm  I  \   miles  il;-.l,int. 

•  \  1/1 .11111.  s  ill. Ill    (Siiiil    i    M.-Mi-mi.i  I  ,-iill,   till-   l.u     "  |-;ii-.-iiiiil.i   ill-  ,s    All. In-,"   iiinl    I'.l    \1 1    I '1  .i.liii:iii'.s 

iRtuiiil.  ■•  1.  ni».i  ll.'  1.111  nil  niiili-."     t'lilinia  liiii-iiii  ii.tim--,  n  s.m  I'l  lU.i  ll.n . 


!J 


l: 


3s 


lACUH'    COAST    ril.oT, 


J 


It  is  a  t'rass.rnv.Tr.l.  Iir.l.'.s.s  II. ly.".  nsitii;  I.,  an  rlrvah..!!  ..f  ..n..  ilio-is.ni.l  l.uii  liiin.hr..  aihl 
iiiMftv:lin'0  Uv{'  in  a  lilfl.-  over  a  mil.    Innn  lln>  .soiill.  sImuv.     The  nvst  ..f  tli.-  ml;;-  lirs  n.arl.v 

lur.ili.l  to  111.'  s.>iitli  la .r  Ihf  dills  al   ils  Las.-,  an.l  t«..  ami  a  half  inil.'s  Iniui  its  snniniit  tli.' 

s..ntli.'aNl.'iii  .•Ntiviiiits  l.'iiiis  l'..ini  r.'niiiii.      I'l can  sli-.i.-  of  tins  mountain  aiv  st.  I'p.  n.cKv 

.litis.  alxMil  sixty  f.rl  al.i.v.'  Ih.'s.a;  ami  ImIw.'.'II  Hi.  m'  mimI  tl..' suinii.it  i-  a  siic.'fssi..n  ..f  tiv.i.i 
six  li.iti/oiital  t.Tiaf.'  lin.vs  cut  in  lli.'  vorl  an.l  w.'ll  cvliil'it.'.I  m  tlii«  toi..v-iaplii.Ml  mai'.  In  tin 
spring'  111.-.'  lin.'s  ..f  t.na.'.'s  ai.'  p.rnli.irl.\  u .  11  iii.iil,..!  !•>  tli.>  l.ii!.'lil.r  lin.-s  ot'  pt.y  \\i>s\vi- 
Tlif  .'asLTii  i\lt.'iiii:>  of  111."  iiil^'.'  IS  ilaiik.-.l  l>,\  an  .'M.-nsiM.  in.'sa,..r  lal.l.'  Ian. I.  rising:  from  si\l\ 
I'ci'l  (in  till' sb.wcs  (il  San  IV.lr.<  i'.a.v  t..  almnt  .iiic  Immli.tl  t'.ct  at  llif  I'.m'I  of  tin- lull  out' mil. 
distant. 

T.>  111.'  norfliw.ii.l  ..r  111.'  nMinnlain  sir.t.li  the  .xtcnsiM'  l.os  An^.'l.s  pl.tiiis  to  tlir  ro.it  lull- 
i.r  iM.'  .^i.Ti.i  M.i.li.  ,  ni  wliiili  III.'  iii-li.'st  p.Mk  is  S.m  .\iil..iiin.  .Iisi.ini  loiiv  lixf  inilcs,  ami  rt-a.-li 
iiiuMiiii.' thoiisaiiil  iiiiii'  liamli.'.l  ami  lliiit>  U\r  I.-.  I  .'{.'n  .iimii.  It  is  ;,'.'mT,illv  snow  .la.l  Iron. 
Nii\  cmli.  r  l<i  I'l'l'iiiai  \ . 

I'i'IM     ir.lIMIN.* 

This  is  tlu'  liol.l.  i.i.'Uy  hliitr.  »ui-  liiimliiii  1.  .•!  tiiuif,  t"i  iiiiii;:  the  s,.iiilif.istfrii  I'Mrcmitv  .ii 
San  i'.'.iro  Hill,  jii>t  .liMTili.'.!.  liclu'id  i!  tli.'  I.tml  lis.'s  in  piatfanx  t.>  tlu*  Nnniniit  of  IIh>  nioiini 
am.  rp.iii  111.'  s.iinli.'.isi.'rmmist  cMr.'iiiity  «(  tlif  ii.iint  is  sitiiat.'.l  tin-  li;;lil  lions.'.  l''roin  tin 
li;;lit  liens.'  til.'  hi  ml  runs  lor  al>.inl  lialt  a  mil.'  wciiinntlivvc-i  \V\\\  .)  (.>  Point  r.<li.>,  wlii.li  i- 
,1  roiimliii;:  ami  not  mtv  w.'llilflim'.l  point;  tlii'ii..'  tli.'  short' lin.'  runs  very  iic.iily  iioitli  I'm 
about  tuo  iinl.s,  Willi  l.olil  .litis  av«'ra;;iii};  sixt\  r.'.l  in  liciulit.  NVIiciu'mt  tli.' 1..m.1i  sli.iws  al.>ll;.' 
lln•  I'.i.it  of  lln-sf  clilV^  it  is  ;:ciii'rally  lionmlc.l  l.y  sliin;;U'.  altlioii;.'li  mm  li  was  i.'moxc.l  in  .'on 
strn. •tin:;  lilt' lir.'akwai.r.  W.-slwanl  of  Point  I'lTmin  tli.'  ...asi  is\.'i\  ImM  ,in.l  rni:^.-.l  loisi\ 
ami  a  half  mil.'-,  to  Point  Vincfntc.  Tin'  Ii;;liMi()iisi'  on  Point  FiTiniii  ami  llu'  dan^jfis  oil  it  an- 
th'.srrilic.l  .■!■.(■«  li.ii'. 

.s.(/i  I'lihii  lliiii. — Til.'  whole  aif.i  of  this  liay  is  a  iil.ilcan,  with  il.'ptlis  ran;,'in;,'  fr.nn  twcntx 
lath. 'ins  at  .SIX  .n'  st'\  .'ii  mil.'s  oil  lIu'  iioi  llicrninosi  p.ii  I  of  111.'  liijjlit  to  loui  .>r  li\  .•  tat  lionis  half  a 
mil.'  I  If  till'  low  shoics.  Til.'  limils  of  III.'  pi. lit'. Ill  ha\t'  nut  htfii  .Iftfiniiiu'il,  Inil  tli.'  imlualion-- 
ai.'  that  III.'  .Iiopolf  IS  \  fry  smhlcn  iiit.i  oiif  IhiihIii'iI  ami  I  vm>  linmli.-il  l.ttlmms.  Tliroii;;lioiil  i  Ik 
•ilalfaii  III.'  soiiiiiliii::s  ;,'ivf  liiii'  ^ia\  sin.l.  \Mlli  ofta-ional  patches  ot  ^i.im'I  an.l  nin.l,  ('x.-.-pt  .ill 
San  P.ilio,  while  it  IS  liliie  niml.  In  on.'  hnmli.'il  I  iihom^,  .iml  .l.ipci.  the  l>oiiiini  is  (.Mcin  miiii. 
Two  ami  a  half  miles  s.m  ih  tif  Point  I'i'iiiiin  I  lie  .Icpi  h  .if  w.it.T  iiniioi  inl\  .It'crca^.s  t.i  ihirl  \  fii  h 
oiiis  tiM'r  saial  ami  mml,  ami  llifa  in  a  few  liiiii.lr.il  \  ar<ls  .imps  Mnhl.'iilv  to  two  linn.lr.-.l  l.illiom^ 
ami  111. ire.  with  saml  ami  inml  b.it  l.nn.  \. in. ■nivir  noii.l  this  jin-at  ilcplli  so  close  iiish.ir.'.  Oil 
the  south  laci- ol  S.iii  Petlro  Hill  th.'il.'plli  I  iii;;fs  fi.nn  one  liiimlre.l  lath. mis.  ..n.'  mil.' milsi.ii 
Point    Nlllcellle,  lo  lilt.'. '11  fathoilis,  one   mile  ontsi.le  Point   I'ellllin. 

On.'  ami  lliii'fipi. triers  mil.'s  noi  ihu  u.l  of  Point  I'Vrmin.  .ihri-ns'  of  llu'  clilfs.  is  a  small  isl.i 
iiaim.l  r.l  Mniro,  l>nt  l.ically  known  as  IiiiuIhhui'm  lxhiiiil.\  It  wan  'loiit  sixi.\  i"fl  in  h.'i;;lit  ami 
.III.'  loimli..!  \ar.ls  m  txt.nt.  Iml  li.is  lieeiicnl  tlown  to  supply  mm'I  lor  lliejetly  lieiice  to  the  l.iw 
lim-  ..f  s.iml  .liii'.s  known  as  Calllesnake  Isl.iml.  I'lic  islet  In-s  .nic  third  of  a  mile  oil  shore,  ami 
between  it  .iinl  the  main  l.iml  is  the  enliance  to  th.'chanm'l  leadiiii,'  to  the  small  hi;;.>on  '»ehiiitl  U.ii 
tlesii.ike  Isl.iml.  kn.iwii  as  \Vilmiii_'!oii  Harbor,  an.l  .Isew  her.' .Ifs.Tibt'.l. 

Irom  I  ».a.lm  m's  Island  the  iiorili  sli.ire  of  S.in  Petlro  l!a\  sweeps  ma  l.nit;  .'iii  \  .•  I. ■  the  mirth 
east,  east,  ami  east  south,  asl  l.i  Point  Lasii.n.  The  fntianccs  t.i  the  I.i^^.khis  in  thi.s  loiij;.  low 
.'.last  lim-  lia\.'  aliea.|\   b.-.'n  .lesci  ib.-.l  nn  |i  .;:.•  .Hi. 

San  P.'.lr.i  i;a,\  is  w.'ll  jii.decteil  in  e\ei\  dm'.'Ii.in,  exi-epi  ai,'ainst  tin'  winter  jiales  Irom  tin 
sonlh.'a-t  roiiinl  l.i  the  s.inthw.'st.  Itiiiin^  the  spun-,  siimnier,  ami  aiitnmn  m.iiiths  it  is  an  .x 
e.'ll.'tit  roatlst.a.l.  It  is  m.uly  ii...  tVoiii  tl,iti-.r-,  ami  Ili.ie  is  noilnn;;  t..  be  leare.l  oiilsi.le  of  tm. 
ipiarier  of  a  mil.'  fiom  the  shore  line  in  ih.'  Ii.i\  .  r  appmai  li.s.     W.-  not.-  th.-  foil. iw  in;: : 

Ihinijos  up-  I'urit  F,rmin.—  V\\vn-  is  a  xuni.n  l,,l,,r  u\\  P.iint  iMrmiii  that  h.is  thi.t',  seven. 
eleven,  ami  l.Hirlecn  b-et  of  watt  r  np.ni  ii.  bin  it  lies  in'.ide  the  limits  of  the  b.it|>  of  k"l|i  .it  Ihi- 
point.     Theshoalest  p.iint  ofiher.i.'k  li.'ssix  hnmli.'.l  var.N  s,.iii|i  >ixt\  siv  .l.'-r.-es.'.i-l.      .\  ./.n.,/, - 

•  l;.-:.!..  r-t.,|.„i|,,,|,ill  to  !„■   ".,l„.,it  in,.  Iuu,in..i  |.  .I  iil...\.-  II..m-;i.' 

•Viin..'.l  l.y  VaiM'.iintT  ill  N.,v..,„Ut,  IT'.r.i.  i,rt,.r  K.T...ni  I'Vbii.  is, .,  ,|,.  U  Sri.i,.  ll.,-  i.aL.'t   |...-s„l.'..l  „f  |l...  i,„, 

Hioi.s.if  AllriC,ihf„rni;i.     On  Lis  .liari.  l>„w.'v..r,  it  is.rr.i. ihK  .•.ijrrav...!    •/•(    /■■,«,„■ 

I  Tliiit  i/ilfl  iH  limt  lai.l  .low  II  l,j  Vu.uino.  aii.t  In.  liu,  il,..  »oi,|  ■■  Hona  "  lu-ar  it. 


Iv 


i 


loin  IiiiiiiIk'ii  mill 
<•  Mil;;f  lii'M  iicailx 
oil)  lis  .siMiiinit  the 
ill  lire  s((  r|i,  riicK\ 
icccs.sjiiii  i)f  |i\  ,■  oi 
llif.il  lii:i!'.      Ill  III. 

I'M  of  ;.MV  llliwclv 
I.  risiliLT  I'i'oiii  .si\t\ 
•r  iIm'  lull  iiii(>  mil, 

IIS  to  the  fodlliJlN 
'  iiiili'.s,  and  ifjicli 
.V   Hiiow chill  firni) 


.Ifiii  t'xtri'iiiilv  (it 

lllit    (if    till-  IIKIIIIlt 

Iniiisc.      rnun  til, 

I  I'fdro,  winch  i-, 

iii'.iiiy   imrtli  f,n 

'iMcIl  .sliiiW  s  alolij; 
I'l'llldV  cil    ill    (>nli 
Mil   lll:,';,'iil   1, 11-  MX 

laii;;fiw  oil   Ji  aif 

^lll;:  riulii  twclilv 
!•  lalliniiis  hall  a 
It  till'  iiiiliialiHii- 

'rillip||;:l|iil||  till 
I  imiil,  <-\ir|it  oil 
'III  !•<  ^'It'ili   liillil. 

'■-  I"  tliiii>  Cull 
!iiiinln'il  latin. Ills 
'Hc  iiislidri'.     { Hi 

"111-    liiilr  iilll.Milr 

>.  IS  a  Miiall  islci 
•■I  III  li<i-|)t  ami 
lirlice-  Id  ti,,.  |,,„ 

li-  "It  ^Inuf,  ami 
'•on  'icliiml  H.ii 

I  \  <•  III  till'  Miirtli 

II  I  lii.s    loMj;.  Iiivv 

■  ;,'ali->  liom  til. 

lltllS    It     j;,    ill,    ,.x 

il  olltMilcof  (lit)' 

»  iiij; : 

IS   llirrc,   NfVch, 

of  K"l|i  at  lhi> 


"III.  Ill    «f  till-    nil. 


■•  t  ^:-l 


-»       r     -«»    T- 


>nil  r.-.lii.  II, II.   l,|7f,  (V,,( 


^.\U'\   •IlITH'l-. 

•■iiiUi  Mniiica  |;;n 


•••Hill  .jlllird 


S;in  P.-.ir.i  Mill,  \X.:.  r.-.i 


K.  i.N  s 


-r'^-'S-*  -"^v  .   V  "s' «»v -»'r-      "»n,\f '■»-•■•*—  -^  •■«("'r;*^  ■•■  ■ 


IT^  (V.i. 


I'oiMi  \  iiii-i'iji( .  i;.  hv  s  iS.ti  iiiiii'4. 


rf  «.-■'-▼•  vi",^?^ 


-«T'',3?t' 


L\.L,i,^, 


^ 


■•■Uitl   illllll.^ 


Saiiliaj;.!  Mniiiilaiii,  .'•  r.-*!  le.-!, 


MM^Mi^o^Jte. 


II,  I.<T:.  li-.-l.   I-  'n.  ihj.iii.l    K.  l.>  ^     /(  ini 


ll 


''I 

p 

j 


I    jii 

H      1 


fl 


Uli 


kBSB^BSBwBS^s 


..r.^>mMi 


Sail  l'''iini  llili.  nx  nil  ipiiitnl    NV\. 


"»--!■■        i    -     »-»■• 


I'nim  i  '  <«       I 


'SPBS^MtnSm«^v!Sl^wSCSMSa^^^»! 


vssammimmmmm 


lili,  H"  nil  if'iitiil   N\V, 


)t;-  it**'i 


iT  .  f.-.-l. 


.s.»i;  I'l-ilm 


I'lliM    h  HI  -• 


I  ! 


I 


Ui 


I'Aciiic  ciiAsr  I'll, or. 


;{!) 


liiiH  b«en  von  it'ccntly  ruiiiiil  in  llir  open  Im.v  <ii'  S:iii  Pcdm  liy  :i  sliip  (Ini^r^iii;.;  <(Vfr  it  in  licavy 
solltllCMt  wt'MtliiT  ill  till'  s|iriii^'  111  |s>7.  It  lies  in  li\  r  liithoiii-*  cif  water  ,\  hi'ic  tin'  Ipollorn  of  siiiid 
si'OiiitMl  qiiil"  mnlorin,  liiii  in  ihr  ix.iniin.ili  >n  tun  |ii)nil  ^  vn  r.'  I'duii'I,  unite  cln^f  |ii;;ci  In'i.  u  ii  li 
t'ii^liUiOU  iiiiii  niiii'leen  I'eet  of  w  .iter  n|Mni  tiiein.iml  ,i  sin.ill  paleli  iil  jxelii  ii\  er  liiein.  Tins  (lani:i'i' 
li.is  never  lieeii  >eeii  to  ln'4>al«,  ami  it  is  no!  eertaiii  wlictiii'r  il  i.s  a  loi'k  in  nitii  m  a  liallast  iuM|> 
ilimiped  fniui  vnine  >lii|i. 

From  lliis  ilani;ii  llie  lieaiinj;  In  Deaiiinan's  Islaml  is  iiiiilli  siNty  eivrht  (Ie^;rfes  west  ( \VN\V.) 
aiitl  tlie  (Ii>iiinee  llirei' ei;,'lillis  III'  a  mile;    ami    I'lMiil    l''eiinni    l.i^hl  liiiii-.e   lieai's  siintli   litly-lwo 

(lt'Kr«0«  West  I  SW.  \  W.I,  lilsl.iiil  lis  ne.il'ly  l  u  n  miles.  rilele  i>  .1  III  r|,.  Imt  Mii.ill,  lie  III  ill  kelp 
llirt't'-eightli^  "T  .1  mile  Imm  tin-*  il.iliLjer  im  Ih;  inn  '.n  I'l'in!  reiniiM  l.i;;lil  li  Hi>e,  miihIi  Mxtysix 
(Ic^^nH'H  Pii--t  ( ~i.  I'lii  I',  )  III  nil  llie  liiili.  Iiiin--e  mi  I'mnt  I  eriiiin.  .iiiil  -.iiiili  llinieeii  iml  uiie  half 
.;it«e«  We^l  I S.  I.P.  \N'.,  Imiii  rnini  I'lili'i,  wlnNi  I  )ia(lman'->  Isl.inl  i^  njien  [)a>l  I'mnl  reiliu 
aliiMlt  two  .iinl  one  h, ill'  llie, nltlls.  lllis  |(iek>  (i.ileli  lie>  .ili  nil  li ve  iinmlie.l  y.inls  liiu.iil  oil'  the 
l>liiR',Jii8t  e.isl  111'  I'liiiit   I'eiiiiiii,  .mil  li.is  si\   I'.itleiiii-i  e,i>i    .iml  \\eNt  of  ii.aml  frnin  three  ami  a 

'|ie»rtortO  liini  ami  .'.  1)11  lllel    r.llllieil-*    liet\M'en   II    ami   llie  >l|ii|e.       Il   .ip|ir,ir^  III  he  the  iilller  illiiil     • 

(if  a  ledgo  t  wii  hnmiieil  li\  nne  Immlieil  \  anU  in  extent,  ih  epeninu  iinv.inl-.  1  lie  shme.  Tjie  smith - 
em  tikil  of  this  ilaiui  I,  willi  ti\e  t.lllloiiiH  iipnii  il,  lie-  .liiKiit  h  iir  .1  mile  smilheast  nf  I'nilil   I'eriiiiii. 

Ill  8t'p'''nilii  1.  1-<S>.  the  liliti-ili  ship  /i'<'.v/<i'/'('/''<'».  with  .i  Ilir  uilel  .iiel  llmiil  ll'le,  tlleil  In 
(laHM  Point   I'eraiin  tii'i  el.iselv    .lIlil  --I  rile  U   ii'l  111'  -.nil  ken   In  'k  iilf  It   .ilnl   li.-e  iiii  ■  .1  lot  il   vvii  rk. 

Twootliei    .sitiil.iii    f'li'l.s    lie  (iir    I'miil     I'eilm;    iini'l-l\Vii    hilinlriil    s  iliN   e:i>l   nl'    I'liinl    reillii, 

ami  has  fh'e  iVi  t  nl  w.iter  npnn  it.  wilh  hn  feet  all  aniiiml  ii.  I  In'  seeninl  sunken  inek  lii's  I'diii' 
liiinilrud  yanl-  maili  tliiilx  seven  ile;rrees  e.isi  i  N.  ."•?  \]  j  liien  I'mnf  I'eilni  and  three  hnndreii 
and  lifty  yards  irniii  tin'  iieirest  lil  ilV.  h  has  ilnee  n- -i  ni'  w  iiei  up  m  it  and  hn  I'eet  ainiiiid  it. 
Tli«He.  two 'lander- .lie  aiiiiin^  the  kelp   iinl  inside  the  t  weU  e  t'oul  eiirve. 

Crapo  /i'"i/.. — This  dan;:eT  has  been  kiiiiwii  lur  s"\eial  .Se.iis,  luil  its  piisitimi  and  Ihediplli 
«»f  \>i.t -r  Upon  11  lia'.eulilv  leeenll\  lieeii  delel  mined.  Il  lies  .iliuiil  IJmi'  i|iiai  ti  is  ol  a  milee.isi. 
80lltlM<!UHt  trnlli    Itejilllian's   Isl.llld. 

'itth    sevellleell    lee!    olw.ilel     llpnll    it ,  aiid   t  III  ee  Ot  III  I    poitil  s   Iir  el,'- ..  j|i>jde  iif  it .      (  >ne  of 
tl  lilt-    h.l-.    Iillieleell    lei't   nl   «  .it  er  OV  IT    If.     illl     the    other-    ii.iM-    ihl'ieailda   lllil'    l.tlhiilllS. 

Ti.fi  ?.••    uCwt  one    Is    lillN    >.lld-  to  the  west  w. lid.       i'lleie  is  iisii.llK    .i  small    p.lleli  of   kelp  alioiit   It. 

with  iwu."  und  a  h.ilt  l.iihoiiis  m  water  eln-e  under  tin-  daiiu'ei  and  aioiind  the  other  points. 

/?  /. — To  111  irk  this  dan  u'ei.  'I  pi  III  «  hieli  the  ('/<'/). i  .md  ol  her  \  es-el.-  Ii.i\e  stinek,  a  lull  Intni/, 
paintod  W'lli  Id/ 'III'/  hlurk  liori:iiH/iil  sliiiii\.U,\-^  heen  inelioied  in  si\  rathoins  of  w. iter  oxer  red 
Niindy  Ui-  .oiii,  and  oiil\  tifty.\aids  -nntli  from  the  lork.  The  li.-ll  ^^ives  from  t  weiily  eiylir  to 
thirty  two  Idows.i  minnie  .i;  irre;inl.ir  intervals,  ||  sometimes  sinp-  for  iwn  or  three  -ecniids, 
ami  Uu'M  follow  s  a  sri  ies  of   li;,'lit    lull    iMpid  simk"-      The  sliikiiii:  app.iiatii-  I- a  li.ill  rollin;;  ill 

radiatill).;  Kriiii\  I  s    iiidh  ,i  ii  hm.iI   -p.n n  a  siu.ill    pLiiinrin   mi   the  pl.iiie  nl    tlieiiinot    tin- liell. 

It  IS  11  vj'i'.v  elear  sonndiny;  liell. 

The  folhiwin;^  liearin^^s  ami  ili-l.mees  hie.ite  tins  d.in;;ei;  fioiii  il  I  iiadm.in'-  Island  lieais 
north  MVtMit.v  ile;:rei's  West  ^N.  To     NV.i.  ilisi.ini  -iven  ninths  of  a  mile;  ,iml  I'mnt  reimin  l.i:,'i|i- 

linllH«<  IhSIIs  -mith  lift,\  two  dealers  west  ^.-i.  ,"i,'  \\'.),  illslailt  .ilinnsl  two  miles.  Ihe  imk  lies  In 
the  uorth^vaid  .ilmiit  ei;,'hl.\  six  .\ards. 


i.i:m:ija!.  .sMi.i.vii  i>ii;i  i  rmNs, 

Vmtelx  •■intii'i  jroin  tin  iris'  ,'ikI  ;  iiroii;,;h  i  he  ."s.inl.i  ll.ii  liar.i  ('li.inml  m.iUe  San  I'edrn  Hill  ^mie 
tlioiuiaild  four  liundred  .md  iimhIn  three  teei  ele\.iiimii,  loriioii;;  the  we-'  s;i|i-  111  Ihe  r>,i\  of  .San 
iVtIro,  M  tin  isI.i»mI;  I  ml  il  .ippro  lehin^  it  I  nun  nlf  sh.nr  in  the  smiihwaid  of  t  he  ( 'h.iniiel  I -lands  it 
will  beaiftMi  (iiniee^.  d  .l;;aili-l  the  iiinnnlain.-  l.ir  di-*.iiil  In  iIh-  smiihw.inl  .lud  e  i-tw.ird.  Appinaeh- 
ing  Point  Vllieeiile  (f>ai{«'  IS  I,  w  liii-h  l-  the  siiiilhui-I  pmnl  of  .S.m  I',  din  Hill,  hi.;!,  .nil  I  I  mid,  ves- 
sels (Uin  keep    Il  elo-e   alio. I  III  on  the  outer  ed,'e  ol    the  kelp.       rin'    ten  f.llhmii  eiirve    keeps  within 

li.klf  Ik  iiillc  of  the  shore  for  SI  V  miles  to  I'mnt  l-'ermiii.  elose  o|V  w'jieh  is  liroken  gioiind  for  six  hun 
died  yanlH,  Imt  williin  the  line  .a  kel|i 

StMiineis  .iiid  .s.iiliii;:  ves.sels  iiMv  s.ifelv  iniind    I'l'iii    i'eriiiiii  within  half  a  inili>  of  theelilV- 

wluMI  HOUtll  nl  the  li;;ill   llOllse,  Iliel  i'.islli;,'  llie  d  1st, I  nee  tinm  ihe  el  ills  In  li  V  e  ei;,'llt  lis  of  a  mile  W  Inn 

I'oiiit  Pwlfo  he.irs  wtwt  and  deere  isin^  the  depth  fioin  iweKitnsix  talhoins.  This  will  cairv 
tliclll  ontMide  llie  mass  of  kelp  olf  the  I'olllt.  W'lieli  the  lljllt  hoilse  lie. lis  mirlh  iiv  west  ,  N.  Iiv  W.  i, 
dmtaiil  hull  .k  nide,  De.idmairs  Isl.iml  will  lie-in  i  ■  n|M.|i   irmn   I'mnt    IVdni,  and  when  tlie  hjflit 


K) 


1)1  MIS   \V| 


■;t  s.xitliwt'sl    \VS\V.>  am 


V\(lllr    (iiA-i    ril/'l, 
I  I'.Miil   I'nlio  .':i>l  ,  l',.i.  ili.Niaiil  five  <'i;.'Iitlis  III' ,1  inilr,  I  •imiImliu 


Isl.iiiil  will  lu'.ir  II. mil  liall  "rsi     N.   '.  ^V.  .  i|i>laiil  .Hif  ami  om-ciuhlli  liiilr 


I'l'i'iii   I  Ins  |iiisiiiiMi  -.ti'iT   iiiiiili  li\   ia>I 


hall   <'a>l  iN.  I'v    I'-  *  I--    li'i  tli<-   vtfaiii-.|ii|i  iumjiaiix  s 
'lilli  •  111  a  mill',  .nil  pi^l  nil  llif  ciilialirc 


iiiiiniiii;:  lniiiv ,  w  hull  Ih'--  in  li\  f  I  il  Imms,  iii^iaui  sr\  m  i  il;i 
111  till'   h  iiliiii. 

II  Ilir  M'>^cl   is  lirllllu'  IkI   "a>    III  .llmm   ll Itil  citL;.    lA   llii-  krlji  111  Ihl.k  wiMllirl.  -lir  Ivln.ws 

li\  it^  chaiuc  111  ilucrliiiii  ainl  il>  mil  i lliiuiiu  lurlhil    thai   -h.-  l^  aliira-l   I  In'  I'm  Ml.  ami  mi  1.  a  \ 

HI-  II    .1   cmilsc  <.r  linillicaNi    liy  li.nlli    half  lnutli  .NK    !i\    N.  \  N.i  «.ll   iaii>   In  i    In   llir   in in- 

liii,i\        I,  ili'l,\  .1  Mimli  lul.l  111'  Uil|i  ha-  Wrmi  hiralii!  .i'.i.hii  urn-  i|1i  ii  Im  hI  a  uiilr  smilh  nl  llir  ii I 

111-  liiiii\ . 

'riii>  iiiiiiinim  1 \   lir-  iiviT  .1  lint!. mi  nl    liiii'  -I  i\  -an  I  ami  lii..l>mi  >li.  IN.  \wlli  I' I    I  .  iiiiiii 

la-hl  h.MI-.'  ■.h.i-.Miiu  iiM  I  i'liiiit  ('.•iji.i  .iiiil  iMMiiim  -mulHM-t  S\V.  .whllr  I  »c.iiiin.iir-  Isl.iinl 
lir.lis  iLUiliu.-t  ,  NW.  ,  iliNlaiil  ii.it  .  I II.  1 1'  h  ill  .1  mill'.  riiim-  iM-lilli'*iir  .1  null'  lli'.llls  fil.sl  Its  III  mil 
ll'i'iii  till-  lii.iiiilMi;  liilii\   1-  I  In-  cluhli'  ■!!  111.  it  ll  tiui'l   .lll'ia.lv   ih  -ll  itii-il. 

V,s.\,l.t  iditiiii'i  irmii  tilt  v.. »;/(<. i.vf'c. ((■'('  Willi  norilr.w'-i  wiml-  li.' it  in  li.iMIs.lini  iinl  iifait-r 
I'm  11  iiin-  null-  rrniii  tin'  hi^v  samly  lir.irh  Irii  ami;,'  I  hi-  iim  th  -lim.'  i  it"  tin'  lia;  ,  nil  w  huh  lis  '•  l.it  Innn- 
iMii  111'  lia.l  ,il  ilia;  ili-I  iii.'i'.  K.  .'[1  th.'  !■•  Ill  ,;.iin;,'  it'  th.'  nr  illirl  is  ll.l/>  in  l.'^->.  1  in'  mil  rmit 
altiii;^  till'  I'li.isi  inii\  1'-  tn  1 1(1'  \M'-i\\  ai.l  in  i  In-  |>art  nl  >  lu  I'lilin  \''.i\ 

Oiii' 111'  ilif  l.in.liiiarUs  when  vv.ii  kiiii,'  .ilmij  this   -hnri'  i-  tin'   in'v  I.n!^    I'.i-.i  h    IJnlr!.  a\ri\ 

|i|nilill|.'lll    whili'    -iril.'tlllf ,   lillli!   nil   till'    thiltv    t'nnl    lilnlt    .il    thr  nl-i'  nl    tlin  wali'l,  imc  ainl    lllH'i- 

lil'lhs  iiiil.s  rasi  waiilh  I'lnin  tlu'  San  ( ialiiii'l  Iv'ivci.  I  hi-  Iniililinj'  lii'-  Inni  an<l  .t  h.ill  iiuh'-  iinitli 
I'nilytun  ili'iin-fs  ami  r.nis  iiiiinitrs  last  (N.  1.'  Id  Iv  ti.mi  I  >i-,uiiiiaii's  Islainl,  ami  it  will  I'rt' 
i|iii'iitl\  ,11'  M'l'ii  III  hi/\  ami  tii_'-\  vM'.itlni.  w  Imii  Ih''  Im.s  -li'iic-  f.i\i  ii'i!  nt lii'i  ivi-i'  li.'  iraililv 
lll.nlr  .Mil. 

I'lii-  lai -1'.  .|i't'|i  lailmi  slii|i<  aii.'h'ir  tn  till' I'a-t  .iml  imrlhia-t  nl  th.'  >l.'aiii-hi|i  iiin'.i  in-  liany  , 
•  It  h.iir  .1  null'  ijlstaiii'''.  III  Irniii  I'mif  In  -in  la  h.iiii-.  w  illi  -nn.l  hnl.jiii-.  -.im|\  1 1.  it  I.  mi  ( '  an-  mil  si 
111'  I.lki'll  tn  a\  imi  till-  I'i-lltfi'll-I'nnt   li.lll-i'l    thli.'  i"_'lllh-  .it  .1  linh'  r.isl  w  .11.11  \    linn   till-  lii|n\  . 

III  ■.Willi  1.    \i--i  1-    inll-t    .llirlinf  riirtlni   ulll   ,lllil  llinli'  tn  thi-     -nlltliwaiil.   in  mill  1    tn  In-  .llilc  III 

.-lip  thill    I'.ilili'-  .iiiil  -n  tn  sia   -hniilil  .1  ln'a\  >  siMthrasiiT  -|iiiit;:   up.  uilh   l.iii,'!-  swi'M    linm  tlir 
sniltluv  i-I  ;    liiiI   ,1   \c--il   Will  Iniiml  in   -inliml  t.lcMi-  is  pi'ifi'.tlv   s.iti'.       III   I  »i'i  t'liilii'l,  |s"rj.  wi-  saw 
tin- clippii  Ini-    I'l'iii'iif   ri'li' mit  .1  M'l\   hi.ivy   -nnlhr.i-t   -  ili- nt    l  hii-i    il  i\ -'  liniat  ma.      liila\ni 
.llih'  w  i.'ili'i-  thiTi'l-i  si.tii'i'lv   ,1  (las    whi'ii    ji  issrii-m  -   .iml   lici-ht  <mi  imt  l-n  ili-cind  n  kc.l  it    the 
\('S-i'l  dncs  I. (it   ;.'n  lll-lili- 

Till'  .Ni/i/.i  I  (M  H //(./,— A  t  >  111  I'.'.lin  lli\  aa.l  -.mil'  ili-la  in-i'  tn  the  la-t  w.n  il  'Inic  i- ncci 
Slntially  cXpcriclici'd  .l  \i'I\  stlnli;;  Wlliil  wilh.uit  >Wcll.  whirh  inlliis  Inmi  nl  thimi-h  till'  \.illc\  III 
the  .Saiit.i  Ana,  l.\iii,-  .ilmiit  twciits  lixc  miles  tn  the  iMiilhea-t  li\  e.i-t  \i  the  \umi  Idnwv  iivai 
the  plains  it.s  ^.'eiieiil  (liieciinn  I-  lie, Illy  e,i-i  iiniiln.i-t.  .iml  it  i-  ,i  warm,  very  ilrs  wiml.  Mnwin- 
liii;iiii-l\  .iinl  I  aJMli;:  ;;lc.it  i  Inml-  nl'  dii-t  It  iii.i\  imt  .niiii  tni  a  w  hnle  \  e,ii.  ami  ii-a.ill\  i  diiio 
in  the  fall  .ll'  the  \eai. 

'Ihi-wind  lilnw  -  vcrv  stiiili-l\  aerns-  San  I'lili"  r.i\  .in. I  m.ikes  the  westei  n  side  ,i  lic-lmie; 
sdine  vi'--.  I-,  whn-e  ;;riiiim|  i.ickle  «.i-  tun  li-lit.  li.ixc  <ira;;-ed  (Ml  shiiie   near  I'niiii  I  iiiniii. 

In  NnMinliei.  I^s^.  \4|„.||  ij,,.  S.iiita  An. I  winil  li.nl  p.issed  il.s  jjreatest  sireliulli,  a  lexj-rsi- 
iiillelit  111  wind  wa-  diawin-  .ilnii;;  llic  -hme  liniii  .Vnaliciiii  l.aiidiii;,'  Inw.irdH  Niwpi.rt  r,.i\.  In 
I'-liin.ii.  .  ls'>:i.  Ill,,  wind  was  lilnwiii;;  iiM'i   thirty  lixc  iir,le>.in  Imiii  m\  ihili-t  in. in  Ali.ilieiin. 

/.''"  ///.  /.n;/irx.— rmlel  laxnralilc  alimisphenc  enlnlltloll-  I '.••  •lerlrir  liuht»n||  die  hijiliel  puli.lH 
nl   I.n-  .\li-eliN  W.ll  he  VIsiliIc  Itl  the   l!  l\    iifS.lli    reilfn.       I" 'ill   nf  I  liese  li^lit  ■.   li.lx .'  lli'l;»lil  ■.  |».J  liHll 

hiiiidi'il  and  niiielx  ei-liMi(ll\e  liiiiidre.j  .ukI  si\t\  I liri'v  t..t  .iIm.v.- 'lie  •.(',»,  ..ml    i  the\  an   l.iijjlii 

ennil;:li  -hnllld   In-  seen   Ml  ,lppl  n.iehl  11;,'  111.'  li.lV         V.l\  l,r.»lit»s  tep.iit  ".eein,:  tllrlu. 

^.\.N   I'liu;.'  .AMi  \xt;.Mj\i  I'  N  nxi;f."i;s. 

The   WalC  -   .ll     Ih.     1  l-nnll    l!l-|i|e  111     llieln.l    -allds    lMlltlI..t     KUIt  lest**Kl'    I -l.lll.l.   ,|   ||n|e  .^    »wre 

mmliwi'-iw  ini  nl  It.  .idin  an"-  l-l,iii.).  timl  tlnir  piiiiei|ial  .>ni|«»i  twtxvtiii  that  •.»Uinl  iiii«t  Hk  "ShiH 
piillit    h.ill   ,1   mile  Ml -I  III    ii.  thi(uj-||  a  rh.iiiiiel   imw  i'i>ittTulli<4  ••>,  ,i  miiy.      Ifci.-,  Iin  .  »  ,- 

ciinstrmle.l   l.x  the  CiUed  St. lie-  In  timilsli  .i  ehaUIH-lfW  lUv  st^AWiTs  I.I  ejury  mtA  .1  .       |ms 

seli;ier- ,iml  Irei-hl  at  Ih-  wh.iil  n|  W  iliiiiliylnii.  This|.tt>  ixme  and  .i  .r.arhn  M.,i.-»  ,11  I,  ii^Mh, 
and  lies  lie. irly  pai.illcl  with  the  in. 111!  -hnr..  insid,-;   Imt  the  .•li.mp.I  ],.i>  I..-,  i.  n»w^s.«..,l  In   the  run 

stllietinli  nl     wli.iixes  .uid   lailln.ld   linclnll    the  west    ..h-.te.        \t   the   entlillli-e  ?;b»,-  nHMi;li  l,.».s  UfU 


'.    I  •I'.llllll. Ill's 

riilll|i.UI\'.-> 
I  III'  lilt  I  Mlll'l' 

I  .  -lir    kllii\V  -• 
,  .llil  .111   li  .l\ 
I  III      lli'Mil  lll;^ 

III  I  III'  iniiiii 

I'l'lht     ri'lMIIM 
llll.lll'^     {--l.lllil 
.I--I    li>    lli'llll 

III      lli'l      lllMllt 
ll\  r   l.ll  lliillis 

I  ill-  fiiiriMil 

lliitfl.  :i  viTy 
I  II-  ami  lliiff 
ill  in:li->  liol  I  li 
1 1 1' I  11  \t  ill   ti'i> 

-I-    111'    iciililv 


TAflKIC    COASI      l'II,<»r. 


M 


riiMli.icti'd  lis  ;l  sliurt  utiwii'  ji'lty  fnnii  tin-  wrsli'iii  in  iiii  ^Imir.  TliiM  iflly  ;i|i|i;(H'lil  ly  llil-o\v;i  tin- 
main  ill. iiiiicl  clii^i'  aloiiu'-iuli'  IIm'  islam!.  In  coiiiiii.;  imt  ai-  milK-cil  that  the  sIimimit  Ii.uI  In  haul 
vers  cliisc  aruiiml  llir  xn!'--!  skIc  of  I  •failinan's  Islaml. 

Till' liiii' ul  till- |ilt,\  is  ililiiiraii-il  li\  iMaiU->  iisi'il  li\  till' I'liLrinccrs  ;  amll'inin  I  >i'a(lniairs  Islaml 
fill  Ilili'c  111  1 1)1 1 1  1 1 11 '111  I  (1 1  y  a  11  Is  III  till'  hi;;  hi 'I  |iait  nl'  the  ji'll  \,  the  liiji  is  two  or  tin  re  tcct  Ik-Idw  I  he 
smlat'i'iir  I  he  hi^'h  uati'is.      I'Ih'  lii-h  walcis  also  (  ovi'i  I  hi-  sliorl  Ji'lly  iviiii-li  is  on  I  he  wi'st  siili'ul 

thr  rill  raiM'i'. 

'I'lii'ii-  is  a  liar  Inriniiii,'  niitsuli'  tin-  cml  id'  this  wi'sl  ittly  ami  well  in  lnuauls  I  he  Mil  11'.  T  In-  swell 
icailil.v  Int'akson  lliis  tli'imsil . 

'['Ill'  ili-|illi  III'  vv;il<''  I'll  III'"  i'>'"l<y  li;ir  at  lln  rnti.im-c  In  Ihi-  rlianni'l  w  as  niily  I  wd  I'l'd  ii|>  to  ;S71, 
w  Inn  I  III'  Inn  III  in;,'  of  the  |i'l  I  \  \n  as  riiMiim'iiriil.  I' his  iiii|iiii\  i-mi-nt  In  tin'  ii.iv  i;;atioii  has  ;;iv4'ii  a 
«l(-|ilh  ol'  ti'ii  l'c<'l  in  a  <-lianin'l  l  hi  rr  liiimlii-il  fiit  wnh- :  ami  the  ilrt'|ir^i  iliaii^ht  siraimi-  a  hicli  has 
clitt'iiil  it  directly  drew  follitt'en  feel,  ^joill;,'  in  lielore  XV  atlei   lii^h  ui'n. 

Inside  of  this  artilii'ial  elianii'-l  the  passau'''  « a  y  lhioii;,'li  the  la;,'noli  In  W  iliiiinmnii  is  very 
naiinu  and  irnnUi  d  an  I  milked  l>y  Iniiiys  and  lieainiis  ;  Inii  smui-  llie  pi  nieciion  nl  the  lailinad 
aerns-  WilminuliHi  l.a;,'ooii,  .mil  iimlei  ilie  m.iiii  slioie  paLilhl  u  itii  the  jeily,  thi'  town  of  .'sail 
I'nlin  lia^  suddenly  s|iiiin;:  II  |i  at  the  imnilli  nl  the  til  s|  ean.id.i,  nne  mile  iiisidi'  the  artilieial  ilian 
Iiel,  and  vmII  eveiilnally  spie.id  n\er  the  im---a  lands  tnuaiils  the  old  site  of  S.in  I'eilln.  \\har\es 
(or  shl|i|iini;  lll'l  I'llll'oi'l  I'lll  I'oses  h.ive  lieell  enlist  nii-led  and  eaillid  towards  the  entiaiK-eto 
the  clLinnel.  and  it  seems  that  \\  il'iiiii;;toii  will  h  sc  miieh  ol  its  iinpoitaii(-t' as  a  sliippiiiLr  point. 
Ainoii'u  I  ln'  laler  ile\  einpiiieiils  in  W'llminulnii  l.,i;,'ooii  '■  ''  liiiildiii;,' of  a  new  liianeli  of  the 
railroad  pai.iihl  Willi  and  east  of  the  pnseiit  nne,  .1:  lai  as  .\lniinnii  isl.iiid.  where  a  Innu'  line  of 
wharf  is  to  he  coiistriieted. 


ninniin:.'  Inioy, 
111       Tail-  must 

tills   llllil\  . 
I    tn  lie  .iMe  In 
ni'M    liiiin   the 
1.1  s"r„'.  We  saw 

I  in:i.  In  l.i\  Ol 
mil  tl  ked   it    the 

d  then-  l-^  oi-ea 
;:h  the  s  .ilh  \  ol 
Hid     Mow  V    ii\  II 

,  w  ind.  Mnw  111^ 
i|  ll>-il.ill>   enlm-s 

-nil'  .1  h  e  -hnle  ; 
lit   I  I  I  mill. 
ii;:lli,  ii   leMTM' 

w  pull    I'l.lV  .        Ill 

II  An.kheim. 

Ill-  hl^lll'l    pDlhl.H 

'  lli|;illl->  ol  tilllt 

tlie\   .III     li|||;lll 


.  .1  null-  »•!  >««»e 
lid  ai :>!  itii   ^»«tl1 

>Me|*ii1ki>««>|'  %.ts 
ll  ♦•>.'■     |MS 

•  ^    ii  li  iinth, 
i»fi|  Hy  tht'  t!«iii 

;.  Ii.ts  hiH'ii 


s.\ii,iNii   iiii;i  riiiiNs  AMI  IH•■l^s  Km:  san   ri-.m.-M    wn  wii -^iim,  idn  ii\ui;i'i;s. 

At'tiT  pas^in;;  I'ninl  reilm  ll  le^lll.u  patehis  nf  kelp  will  lie  p.is^ed  thlnimh  tnl  alinlll  .1  ipiar 
ter  of  a  mile  ntV  that  I'nint.  The  lioiioni  is  d.irk  ;:ia\  sand  and  ;;reen  mud.  If  il  is  low  water, 
and  Ihe  \es.M-l  dr.iws  nioic  water  than  is  oii  the  liar  at  the  entrame  to  S.in  I'edro  Ilarlior,  she  lies 
at  till-  iiiivoiiiii;  liiiov  iiiilil  the  tide  lises  and  then  t;oes  in,  or  lies  llifie  ami  sends  her  |ias>eii;;ers 
and  flei^ht  ashnie  III  the  lilu  and  liaiiXi's. 

If  there  is  siillicieiit  water  on  the  li.ir,  the  Vessel  loiiiids  the  tiiooiiii;;  limiy  oil  its  eastern  side 
and  then  steers  noithwest  li.\  wi-st  (NW.  Iiy  W.  for  the  eiit  ranee  ot  I  he  ehannel,  this  eniirse  l\  in;; 
one  di.imetei  ol  headiiiaii's  Kl.iiid  to  the  weslw.iid  of  the  i>l  ,ml  .ind  ni',irl\  h.df  wa\  tii\»aids  the 
llrst  111. Ilk  liiloy.  I  i'"oi  deseiiption  nf  this  and  all  ihenther  ImoNsaiid  heaeons.  see  pa;,'e  1.'. )  Pass 
lu'tw  cell  the  islaml  .mil  this  outer  M.iek  liimy  ;  lint  as  the  I'hannel  imw  run  <  so  close  iiiider  the 
Hoiitli  and  West  sliorcH  of  the  island  the  helm  iiiii^t  lie  piii  hard  apoit  and  the  shi|i  kept  within  a 
Slllp's  leli;,'lll  of  the  Isl.iml,  passiii;;  close  aiolllnl  the  lid  liuiiy  llllder  the  locks  nl  the  island  oil 
tlu'  staiiioanl  hand.  In  passiii;;  his  rid  linny,  tlie  secnm:  lilack  liims  at  the  miter  end  nt  tln- 
Wl'stein  j'-lty,  ol  tr.lllilli;;  w.ill.  will  he  clo-^e  nn  the  port  h.llid.  When  lii'twct'li  these  tun  liiioys 
Bteer  north wi'st   liy   noilli  ,N'\\',  liy    N.)   three  ii:.'litlis  of  a   mile    to  the   serniid   red  Inmy.  which  is 

placc'l  nil  the  cistern  .side  nf  the  cliaiiiiel  .It  ll lid  nl   .1  w  1  n l;  il.ini  inniiiiiu'  mln  the  channel  linm 

the  main  jelly,  riiem-i  the  course  is  noiihwesi  In  west  (  N  \N  .  li\  N\  . ;  tor  sex  en  ei;.ditlis  of  a  mile 
tu  'he  lailm.id  wh.irf  nn  the  nnrthwer.Ieril  side  of   the  eh.milel. 

Alter  till-  sic. liner  is  In.nled  and  liie  |ias-.eli;;i'l>i  .llinlld  she  L;ne>  ollt  when  tin  tide  serves, 
iH'iliK  warned  li\  i  IIimIiii;;  st.iiV  at  Ihe  sl.ition  liiiildin;;  on  the  wh.irf,  where  the  dejilli  on  the  liar 
18  always  show  11.  If  the  p,isseii;;eis  have  imt  .iirneil  I'lniii  I.os  .\liL;elis,  she  ;,'iies  onl  lotheinoor 
injj  limi.V    and  In-s  lln-le  lllihl  Ihe  p.isselij^i'is  and   llei;;hl   .lie  IiIiiiil:IiI   nnl    in  .l  liu  In  her. 

The  railroad  wh. lives  and  iiii|iiiivemenls  .iie  v  cry  estciisiv  e  and  siilisi.mtial,  ami  all  freiLdilH 
of  iron,  cii.il,  liimlier,  and  iiicichandise  are  iliscli.ir:rcil  here  from  the  ships  and  carried  awav  liy 
mil,  linl  l,li;;i'  in. ll  ships  ■.md  nlhel  diepl.ldill  VesM's  dlsi  h.ll;;e  into  liuhti-lS  at  the  ancliniai;e 
Olllside,  and  these  li;.'lilers  are  lowed  in.  laiinlier  vessels  ^^eiierallv  i|iscliai;;e  p. lit  of  their  cai;:ii 
out.sidc  and  enter  Ihe  hailmr  as  soon  as  their  i|iaii'.;hl  eiiaiiles  them  to  do  so. 

The  i.iilioad  wharf  .it  ."san  I'edm.  inside  tin  jetiies.  Iiiiilt  from  \Viliiiiii;:toii  lliihor,  lies  iiorih 
fcrtv  si\  ile;;rees  west  (N.  HI  \V.)  sev ell  leiil lis  nf  ,i  mile  from  Deadlliall's  Island.  I  n  n-acli  this 
iwijiit  of  sliipinciit  the  ii  llovvint;  ni'l-*  to  tia\  iuatimi  have  l>een  Incited  : 

Fiitntiiif. — The  Oii/f  ■■  Hiiin/  nil  the  i  ntraiice  to  the  channel,  liel  ween  Deadman's  Island  and  tln- 
■aiii  mIiiiic,  lies  three  haiidreil  yards  south   oni' ijiiarter  west  (.S.  \  W.i  froni    neadiiian's  Island. 


42 


I'vclllc    (ii\sT    I'lI.iiT. 


Il    is  :i   s.riiitilf  iii-^s  nini  Inmii  i„iiiili-l  I'hiil:,  niimh.y.l  1,  .iinl    li'''-  in    Irii  lirl  nl    \\;ili'i,      ll  must  lu- 
ll t't  nil  till'  |iiirt    ll.lllii  III   Cliti'l  III;.'. 

/;,,/,-,|,I.V    — TllC    SliKllii    /.'((III/   IH'n   CUllIS     Illlll'     >,l|ci>    -nl|lll»(s|     l'\     x.lllll    ll.lll    NMtllll      S\\.l>\     S. 

A  S.i  iViiai   l>.M.lliMir>  Nl:iii.l.  .111.1  M'l>  liox-  Illlll.  I    Us  s.Hlllmi-l    |ii.iifl        ll   i-^  .t  llnnlilns),  nin  lilliil/ 

puilltlll    )fl.   Il}llll''l  l>.l   ■^.    A\[<\     ll.'s    111     Illlll.   I    ..IWiltll.  It     lllll>i     I..      I.I!    oil    till'    sI.lllM.illll    llilllll     III    I'll 

tniiu. 

Il,l)li<ii-, rill-     I'lnfl    llllnll     .lliri'.ISt    till'    ri'.l    l'llii\     lllnlcl      I  tc.l.llll.(ir->     Ishlll'li    IS  ill    lIlO    N.llltlll'lll 

i.r  iiii!i  I   I  ml  ot'  till'  ll  II>   .111   I  III'  «i'-l   si.i,.  .i|    till'  1  li.llilii'l,  .iml  Ills  III  •.(■vriilii'li   Cril  ul   u.iti'l.  i>\  i  i 
>;iiiil\   li.ill.nii.  I'Aii   iiiimlii'il    .iii'l    lliiil.v    >.iril-    ■Miiitlivvi-t    l>>   v\in'     SW  .  1i\    W  ,     I'liuii    I  )i  .nlnian's 

l.sl.iml.        It     I-    M    \f  ml'l  I  ltt\s   \jnli    hlli'll.  I'llinlfl  '•^■li  !•    '111(1   lllliilht  III!    I..1II1I    must    111'   lilt     I'll    III!'     |Mi|l 

liami  Ml  riiti'i  mU' 

ll.lll<iir.   -~rili'   Full  it  h    /;  mill  is  illsl.ji'  1  lie  ilill  .llici'  tn  lllr   .  1 1.1 11  III' I.  nil   I  111'  |i"l  t    1 1. 1 1  111.  ill    t  III'  Mill  t  ll 

i-asl  iiiiuli'  of  till-  wi'st  ii'tt>  iiliiMil   tliii'i'  liuiuli.il  .111.1  tili\  iiM'  .\.irils  limii  tin-  riili.mri'.     It  i>  n 
sfiiniil  </i(>v  sjiiir  liihiii.  jiiiiiitiil  liliiil.  Illlll  niiiii>')iiil  .!,  .iiiil  Ill's  III  ili'\  I'll  li'it  nf  «  .itri  ii\  I'T  s;in.l\  Iml 

tiimtli'i'i'   Iniiiiliiil   .iml   i'i;;lit>   li\  I'  v  iinls   ikhiIi   si\tv   ili';;iirs   vm-sI  .N.iiI'  W  .    lium    I  li'.iiliii.ni's 
I.sj.iml.      It  IS  111  111'  lilt  nil  till'  iHilI  siili'  III  I'liti'l  III;:. 

ll  lii-;irs  luntli  I  \M'iii_\  I'.iiir  ill';; 'ITS  wi'st  i  N.  J I     W  1.  ilisi.int  tlinr  liiiii.ii.  il  .iml  till  \   ti\  r  \  iU.ls. 

I'lum  till'  lil.i.k  liiiiiv  .11  ill it.'i-  I'liil  111'  till'  Ul  st  |iit\. 

liiDii  It  till'  I. Illlll. ul  uliMil'  Ill's  iiuitli  ImtN   luii.iiiij  it  liiill'  ili';;rr('s  «i'st  N.  IJi     W.  .  ilis'iint 

iMii' tliiMis.iml  Illlll- liiiiiilri'.l  illlll   i'i'_'lit\  Inr  >.itils:   Imt  tli.'  rli.iiiin'l  iiiim's  sli.;||i|\  1,1  tin.  ii.iiili 

Ilill'  lll'.lst.  Inl     «  llh-ll   I'll.lllUl'    till'    111' \  I     l.-ij    lill'iV     Is    I'l.ti  1  ll,    .mil    H  llll'll    lll'.ll  s   lliil  I  ll   i|_;|itli-||   ili'-Ii'l's 

West  ^  N.  1  -^    W  .  I.  ilisi.iii!  till  1  r  Inn  nil  11 1  .mil  s,.\  ml  \  Iim'  \  .inU  iimi,  n, 

lii.siili'  tills  Mil  1    !iiiii\   till'  lii;;li  w.iiir  sliiir.-  Iiih'  st  n'li'lus  wi-l!  t.i  tin-  wist,  .mil  tin-  iimir  li,i\ 
looks  l.ir;;r  ill   lii;:      lliir. 

Iliiihur. — Till'  I'll' 1)1  /.'iK.//  is  111  sjili- 1  111'  I'll  t  I.I  mi'  III  till- 1  liiiiiiil  I'll  t  111-  st.ii  111  i.i  111  II, I  111!,  ,1 1 1011 1  liiili 
\Vii\  lii-t  Ul  I'll  I  ll  .Illlll  Ill's  Isl.mil  ,mil  till-  I  .III  I  Ml  I  u  li.ii  I.       It  |s  .1  lliin'  I  lii.M,  i  mi  liintii.  imiiitnl  i,il  miil 
nuilllirti  ll   I.  ,111.1  lli-i    III  lilli'i'li   li'i't  ot'    w.iti-l    iiM-r    ,silllil>    lii'IIi  III  ill    till'  cMlrmitV    111    till'  Ulii;;  il;||i 
\*  Illlll   slii-lrlli's    111"  .llils  till'    ill.lllll.'l    riiilllllir    loll;;  rill  \  I-  lit    t  III'  f.lst   |i'|  t  \  .       It     Ih.II  s  ii,.|  t  ll   I'ol  t  \ 

ill-;;!)-,   s    Mist       \.     Ill        W       .    lijsl.iul      sc\i||     |l  II  |ii|  I  l-i|     .mil     tUllltV     li  M-    \  ,1 1 1 1 .-.    1 1  i  .11 1      I  ll  .ill  lli;l  jl's      jsJiUlll. 

illlll  tiniii  It  till- siiiitlii-iist  |.,irt  of  till-  r;iiliii,ii|  u  liiiii  iiml  |iiiililiii;;s  In-  mn  th  iii|\  ti\  i- i|i--ii'i'.',  wi-sj 
^N,  .Vi    W,  ,  ilist,mt  i'i^;lit  liiimlii'il  .itul  tifti'i'ii  \.irils. 

l/..«ii  I  ml  l',iiiiii>. — .\ltlioii:.'li  till'  sti  .1111  sill  I  IS  iiiiu  I  III).  (,,  Illlll  iiu  ll  . nil- 111.  Is.  I  111- 1 1-  ail'  I  «o  nil  Mil 

i'l;;  lillo\s  JiLii'i'il  ilisiilr  ill,.  '„    I   liiioy,   wllirli   lllillKs  tin-  si'\  I'litrcli  IitI  (r.l|iii   K'oi  U, 


I'lii   oiiti-r  nil  11  inn,;  Inioy  is  iioii.  ;iiiil  is  |i!,ii'('il  m  r.ini   .irnl  ,i  li,ili  fiitlinins  oi  v*  iitn,  n  n  a  1 


ml 


Illlll  "I    lilii'i:i.i\   .iml  liil  s,ii|i|.      I'liiii,  ;;    I  li-.uliii  Ill's  |s|. 111,1  lii-,ii  s  mil  iliucsl   I  u  11  Iliilils  «  i-s|     >,' \\ 


-;  W.,  ills!. nil  tliiri- tilllis  of  il  null',  itiiij   I'liiiil   li-iiinn    l,i;.lit 
.SW  .  1  \\    ,  ilisi.iiit  oiii'  illlll  li\i'  simIih  iiiiU-s, 


lilllSl-    111  ,ns    siilil  ||VV|.,t    ,,||,.   Ii.ill    v(,..,| 


rill'  j;mii    iiiooiiii;;   liiiiix  IS  ,t  l.irjji'  wiMoicn  liii(i\,  illlll  Is  1. 1, Hill  i:i   inm  iiiiil 


I  l|ll.lltl|    l.itlioiiis 
ir.ils  li.i|lli\Msi 


III  u.iii-i.  iivi-i  .1  liiiliiiiii  111   tliii'  •j.u\\  s.imi  .iiiil  pIicII.s       I'niiii  ii  111  .Illlll. Ill's  jslainl  I 

v\isi    IiM- sixtii,  ui-st     S  W  .      W  ,  ,  liisiaiii   ,i\,i\  hill,.  i„.,H.  n,,iii  li.ilt   il  lull.'.  , iml   |',,iiii    r'nitni 

l.i;;lit  liolls.'  Ill-, lis  Kol|t||^\,■.^|   ohf  sl\tli    West     .-s  \\  \V.,,  ,'i,stii|)t  om'  :iii,|   i\,,,  || 


III  lis  llillf.s. 


Tlii'sr   t\Mt    lillovs    illlll    I||i>    sllliKi'ii    link    < 


iioiili    v.   •  N,,  illlll  vM'si    luotlnnls 


iiiilli  i  W. 


V.llils         rill-  lii'll   |ii|o\    Is  ,-|;;|iI\    -iv    \i||-i|s  soHtti  olllii-  l.ilM'r  of  tl 


ij".  .Ill-   III  ii!\  III  line  on  ,1  ( oiiisi'  I-asl    luiiihinls 
.1  1 '|iinl;stiiiil  ill   t\Mi  Ininilii-il  iiiul  n^liii 


II-  llliioli|i;;s  illlll  till-  |,H  k 


/.'-Hi.    I,      -I'.lslll.s   ||l,-.l-  ImIOV  >    tlll-lt-    is    ,»    Im-.K-OII    pl.U-llj    111    si\t,,.|,     I,.,.)    ,.!'M,,t,.|    ,    1,     |1„.    „,..,(    „j,|, 

of  tlii'i-li.iiiml  miil>  tuo  Inimlii'il  \iii,|s  iioin  ilj,-  niilroiul  u|i,nl.      It  lus  n.-iul^  .  ,,  i),,.  Imrul  ll,- 


«ImM.iiiiI  till   ii-il  liiiov  ill  tin- I'lul  ol  til,' «iii;;  il.iin.      It  I 


\V.).  ilisl.int  IiM-  liiimlii'il  \,iiils.  iViiiii  III.-  ii'.l  I 


-I'll  s  Unit  llWl  si    tllll'i-  i|||;||t   'Is    Wi    ,1    ,  S  \\ 


is  il  lull-  >t.ill  111  s|iiii\   ill,-  i|i-|,i|i  .,1  \(  111  r  I'll  tin-  liiii 

'I  III  1 1-   |s    ;l    ,,,/   lint,  III,    Ill-ill    till-   1-1  111   ul    tin-    Will;:  1 1. nil,    'liMlll'   I  III-   ll 


ilo.\,  illlll  Is  iii.iiki-il  li.\  il  r,i;;i- on  (op.     On  its  I, 


l'"I.M    1  I.I;miN    I  ti.ll  I    III. I  :^i; 


Till-  'iiiiililiii;,'h  iiri-  i-iiTii-.l  I'los,-  I.I  till- ,.,};.,.  ,,|  III,.  ,,,,1111 


uTIilllost  I'Mlclnits   111   roiiit   ll  iJiill 


lli.'soinliui-si  imintof.S.in  |',.,||,,  |;,n.     As  .si'.'i.  Hum  llir  s,i„th„;„,l  tin  \  «ill  I,..  i.io|,-,-t,.||  a;:iiin- 

tlu-  liiK'li   liinl   l.iliiml  tliiin.      I  In-  MrM.-lnii isi-isof  ;,   s.|,nii,-  i,,vi,.|  .,t    « ]   atl.i.-lii-,|  u,  tj 

k.-.-).i-rsi|wi.|lin-,  ulii.'lus,i|s,,.,rvs 1.     Till- iloim- 1,1  ih.-l.nti-iiM,,.,, int.  ll  ii-.|,:,ii,l  il.,- ,,  ni.iiml. 

of  Ilii-  stni(-liir.-  I'l  ii-lii  hiilV  .-Dior.     Tl„-  li-ht  «as  lu-st  i.«ul.lis|„-,l  ,„  |s:i.  ,u,i|  shuMs  1,11,,,  suiis. 


1 1    iniisl   In 


III    S\N  .I'V  S. 

Iiiss  idll  /»l/<>l/ 
il  Ii.UmI    111  t'll 


/ 


/ 


(111'  -.iilllirril 
,i|  w  .ili'l,  ovcl 
III  l)i-.liltllilll'^ 
II     nil    tin-    l"'ll 


f:'3r!:ir.AL^2?:r^ii. 


IMlr..  llnl.   l.i: 


1,  ,ll    llli'  lliMlll 
ll    l>  il 


Il.lIU'^ 


\  if  .s;lii>l>  'i>il 

III!  i»iMiiiiiiiir> 


til'l\  liM-  >ai 


1,  W.  .  .liN!;nit 
\  til  tln'  ';<iltli 
l^litffli  (lr;;H-i- 

il  till'  ililiiT  l':l> 


.nil 


I,  .iliiiiil  liitit 
./  ml  and 


'iiiiii 


ut  ilii'  \Mii):tl.»iii 
11  ,ii>  iii'itli  l'<>it> 

•;llllllilll's     Iftllllnl. 


I  !•  all'  t  \Mi  liu'iil 


«  utii .  t>\  ll  ;» 


\>«\ 


tliinl-  "i-l     N^^ 
,,  ^t  dill'  li.iH  wf,-i 


I  i|n.i!tii  tiiiliiHii- 

I  ii.-.lls  ii.illli«f-i 

mil     I'llilll      I'fllllln 

ml-.  iiiili'>. 

-,    I  I  -I    I  w  11  thinl" 

iimIhiI  ami  finlilv 

II  lln'   HK-k. 

i<r  on  the  wpmI  siil. 
\    n  \\tv  liin'ul  111' 


iiarl-rs  wi  •'I 


ANN 


II  tii|>. 


( ►ll  lis  lai 


""3S-. 


i!    I'nilil    I'l  rililll.    I 

•  |,ii>|iit«il  a;:aiii- 
>i|  att.uli.il  to  til 
ami  tin'  II  iiiaiiiil' 
sliiiw  s  limii  siili^' 


I'lllllt    \  liui  llU-. 


I'liiut  Vermin   It    Hii 

r.. i  N   !'•  iiiii'-' 


-•^j"  f-a^f^-; 


•w-^  \-  "T-     ■     -^    »■•    • 


'    V" 


s.,„  r..!,..  II., I.  It::,  f..  1.  w.i'^  ^  •  '«     ")  " " 


.j^^r-T  ■T'  ' 


I'diiii  rrniiiii  Li>;lil  Im'i 


'1*' 


V" 


•dii,- 


ii.. 


|.,M.hiuiirs  W.:iu<\.  NW.Iiy  \V.,4S  milr 
iiiiici    nil  Imriim',  Smi  I'l'ilro  HiiV. 


•>'   J 


"f  «r,,  ■  „ 


''ts;^^^ 


I'diMl  l-Vniuii  I^iK'liI  li""-'    \\    ''^  ^'     1*  ""''•»• 


-•-^  ■5^';:^; — '  ^t;.  . 


^     ""-^TV 


'.5.EJ!::k-„'^3 


— .,««r-    =      ''k'^'^WX^S^^S^^^P^'-^^'^S-^sSSs^ 


>,,„  I'.ili..  llill.  1.47.1  l.fl. 


I'liiul  VinciiiU'. 


roiut  VVrmiii  Lt.  Ho.. 
K,  jl  N.,ir>  mill's. 


^ 


I 


r 


IM  liic   ((i',^r   I'M. (IT.  };; 

I..    Mlimsr.       Il   JH  A  lin.l  tilnh   h.ihl  ,,\  ll,,.  |,,iiil|,  ,„.|,.,     .\sl,.|,,  ,,|    l'n-.lirl  i.      Thr  l.,i>r  ..llhr  t.nv.  i 
I-'  Illlll.livd  anil  .s|\  Ircl,  ;|||<I  llic  lor.il  |.|.iri.n|  I  lir  li-lil  i>  •  liiilnli  v.|  iiihI   lilt.\    six  Iril   ;il».\,. 

III!'    Mil-. Ill    |C\  fl    111     tllC    MM. 

II  -liciws  llir,>ii;,'li  til,,  ciilii,.   lion/ lull  III,.  Ii^lii   uill  ll,.  ciil  ,>|1    |i\  ih,.  |ii-||,.r  -i,,i|i|,l  i,,  \\„. 

11,  Hill  «<•■.(«  .11  il.  sii  tli.ii  Ml.,  limit  III'  \  I  si  I II  ill  v  is  I'll  Mil  IK  Hill  iwilvi-  ili'^rr, ,.,  wrsi  i  S.  I_'     W. ,  i,,iiiiil 

li>    nnltli,  fasl.  sulllli.  ami  wi.^f  t hHi  |.|^||ty  live  iIi'^'H'cs  \M.st   '  \.  ,S.'>      W, ,. 

I'mlrr  I  iMMalilr  i iliij,iii>  ,>|  th,.  at s|ilii-ic  it  >li,)iil,|  I,,.  viv||,|,.  ||,,||,  ^  hri-ht  ,,f 

111  f....|    .ll.-n..    IIjv    „  ;i   :lt  a  lliMtlUl,.,.  ..f  1-         mih'H. 

i'll  l',.,!  iiliuv ..  ili..  s,-.i  at  a  <l  ill  mil,.  «(  ['.>.  r,  iiiIIi.n. 
:U»  f,.|.|  aliiiv,'  III,.  1,  a  al  a  ili»laiiii'  i,f',"i,>.  iiiil,^ 
I'K  lr,.|  al„,v,.  I  ll..  «,a  at  a  ,lisl.iiiii.  iil'',':!.  -J  iml.^ 

Il.s  ;,'i',i:,'ia|.liiiMl  |„i>iiii)ii,  ,is  ilctfriiiim-il  l»y  the  I'liitctl  Slates  Cn.isl  .imi  (lemletir  Siirvev.  i.s: 

'■•'"""'" • ::::       I-      I. il,, 

'•"»«""•''' II-      i;     :;•..    »,hi. 

<  Ir.  Ill  I  illl,. ;.       -,;,„     ||,.   ,; 

l''liilii  III,.  !i;,'iitliMii>,.  til,,  rullnwiii^  lii.,irili;;s  .iiiil  iiis|.iii|.,  s  are  ;,'i\|.|i  : 

''"'Illl  1 1 11, -II. till.  I.iyht 1 11,11  ml.  IM  Mill,.  I.  ,li-.taiil  .'..l    mil,.,. 

I  •.111, I  Villi  t  lit,. S,  -,;  W   .  ilisiaiil  14  mil,  ^. 

W.-st  l'i,.i,i  .iiCalaliiiaUlaiiil .s,  :i|  W   ,  ili^i.int  .j|     iml,.,. 

InIIiiihis  (  ,ni.,  Catalitia  I.hI.111,1 s  i:  \\'  .  ili^taiit  III    iihIi.h, 

Sontlii.iKit  |i,,iiit Ciilaliiia  IhIjiiuI s  ll  K  ,  ,liHtaiil '.'I    mJli.s. 

I'.iinl  l.a»ii.-ii    \.  -.,  1;.,  ,ii,,,„||  iij  „|||,,, 

I'lMiil  I.eiiia   l.i;;lit  1 Hi< s  ...i  1;.,  ,h>iaiil  -I     miles. 

I'.. illl  (■.ipistiau.,  s  -,.;  1;  ,  ,|i,i;,,i,  :i:i^  1,1,1,.,. 

The  iiiay;iii'tic  van.itinii  was  II  !.">' east  in  l>.s."..ii.  u  nh  a  >eiil>  iiieteasi.  of  one  iniiiiite  aul 
tlilee  li.iilhs, 

The  ;;,.,i-ia|iliieal  |misiIi,,ii  ,,f  tli>.  I'lilteil  Sl.ites  Ci.isl  ami  (i I.'tlr  .Siii\,.y  stall, ill  ,111  llie  l(i|i 

III  Dc.iiliii, Ill's  I  slaiid  is — 

'■""""!"• • :;.:      i;i'    in  .:, 

'•""i:""'!'' 11-      ii;     11  .11 

Or,   111    llllll< -;,       -.,,,     |||,     , 

TIUis  lur  S,u,  l;,l,„  /.'-I//. -riirC  ,iiv,.|..,|  |-Ni,il,|isliim.iit  ,„■  m,.,,ii  iiii,.r\-.i|  l„.|u,.,.ii  the  lini,.  ,i|' 
the  im.iiu's  ti.iiiMi  ami  the  tiiii.-  ,.1  lu-li  u.ii  r  is  l\  .;:i  .  I'h,.  im.,111  use  ,ii„l  lalj  ,.|'  ii,i,.s  is  tlin'e 
itiid  se\,.|i  ti.|iihs  t..et.  (if  .siuiii;,'  liil.vs  l.tir  aiel  s,..,.|i  t..|itlis  f,.,.t,  ,111. 1  ni    m.||.  ii,l,.s  lu.,  ami  two- 

U'litlis  li.  '1.     The  III. .ail  ,liiiali,iii  ,11'  th,.  i|.>  „|  is  (;■  is-,  ,,i    ti hi,  1;    ;,    .  ;,,,,|  ,,(•  ii,,.  siaml  (»''  .'!(»'". 

Tlieiivt.rapMliirerem-,.  I>ei  .\, th,.  ( '..rreete,!  INi.ililishim.nis  ..f  H,,.  a.  in.  ami  p.  in.  tides, if  the  .same 

day  is  r  1(1"  lor  lii^'h  wat.-r,  and  1'  I  '  r,,r  low  \v.it..|.  Tli,- diir,.ivmvv.  when  th,.  m.i.in's  ,|e,.liii,ili,in 
J8^rreatesi..ii,.  I>'  ,-.,V"  ami  r;i.SMes|„.,.tiv..|y.  The  av,.|M,',.  .liH,.ivn.-..  in  liei-hl  ot  th,.,,-  Uno  tide.s 
is  one  and  on,,  halt' feet  f,.r  the  lii;,'li  waters  and  Iwit'or  Ih--  l,iw  wat.'is.  W  hen  th,.  n ir>  declina- 
tion is  ;,'reatesl,  Ihos,.  ilitViTenees  are   two  ami   three  tenths  feel   ami  tlire,.   ami  om.t,.|ilh  l',.,.t,  re- 

H|.eelively.     The  a\  eiu-e  dill'er ,.ltlie  lii-li,.r  lii-h  and  lower  l.i>v  w,it..|s  .,ltli,.  s.ii l,iv   is'|i\e 

and  .six-tenths  I'eel,  and  when  the  mooirs  <l(.elination  i.s  irreatesl,  .six  and  six  tenths  l.-,.t.  Tlieliii;|i,r 
hi},'litide   III   Ih,.  twenty  I'.iiir  hoiii,  ,.e,.|iis  all  lit  !»'•  HI"  alter  the  nioonVs  iipper  transit  (s,niihlii-) 

when  the  nio.iirsde..hii.iiion  is  m.rili,  and  al .;''  IC  '  liel'ore  when  south.     The  lower  of  the  low 

waters  oei'lirs  alioiil  s,.veii  hoiiis  ,ili..|    the  lii;:h|.r  lii-h  tide. 

I'he  ;;re,it...sl  ol,s..r\,.,l   diHereii,...  ii,.|vve,.|i  th..   two  hiw  w,it,.rs  of  ,im.  day  w.is  thie,.  and  nine. 

U'lilh-.  feet,  and  the  ;rreate.st  ,liir,ieiiee  lietw..,.|i   th,.  Iii;,'li,'r  hij:h  ,111, 1  lower  liiw  w.iters  ,,| ,l.,v 

l<i;;ht  and  f<Hir  tenths  feet. 

To  liml  the  tiin,..s  .111,1  |„.|-hls  ,,f  hi^h  ami  low  w,ii,.|  s  apply  the  follou  inj,' eorreetions  to  tue 
times  an.l  h,-i;;lit,s  I  ,r  ;-,.;m  Dm-;;...  >r|\  ,.„  ni  theCoa.sl  Survey  t  i.lal  talile.s.  pul.lishe.l  ea.-h  year :  I'.ir 
liimof  hmh  water  idd  s;v  .iiiniites.  .i,i.|  t,ir  low  water  ad. 1  ..i-lit  iiiiimtes;  for  hei^'ht  of  lii^'li  w.il.'r 
siililrai'I  oil.    t. -11111  o''a  Iih.i,  and  for  l.-u  u.ii,.r  a, 1,1  tw.i  teiitfs  .if  ,1  |,,oi. 

•/•/(,  City,,/  l.„s  A!;/,  I,-.'  li,.s  t.iwar.ls  the  iiort  h  w,.s|,.rn  p.irl  of  the^'ieai  plains  ..xteiiilinn- from 
ihe  sli, ires  .if  Santa  M.iiuea  Hay  as  far  as  S.iii  l!..rnai.lim..  ami  ,inlii,i,.|ii--  aliont  .nie  and  a  h.ilf 
millions  .,f  .(.•ivs,,f  -I  i/.m-.iml  a-ri.'iilt  111  .il  lin.U.  1',.  th,-  mirlhw.ir.l  of  it  lies  the  wihi.  al.rn|it 
moiiiitaiii  r.in;,'e  of  th..  Su.rr.i  .'\Ia.lre,  .itt.iinin-  .111  eh.vali.m  .il  nim.  thoisand  nim- hiimliv.l  ami 
thirty  live  iVi-t  at  .Mount  S.iii  .Vnionio,  and  s.-paialint,'  these  plain.s  ami  niilin^  laiul.s  tnnii  the 
great  Mojas..  de.st.rt  n.irlh  ami  east  (if  til.  111. 


^^^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Thr  i.iaiM  iiarl  of  1  i.'t»«iM-^ -itu.il.'.l  ..11  III.   m;;IiMiiiiIx  «•'  HI.  ,        ,      ,        ,  .  •      ,.   r    , 

'"''";  t"m!:i..r  .1...  .^.>^■n.  an.i  snu^lH.rn  Manks  o,-  .lu.roliM.u  IMIU  « 1.-1.^ 

t 

III 

\rai 


„.,,.„,.      1,  ,s  ,1...  .- r  ..r.l...    u.a,...  ...iMHv  o,   .IMS    nuMu      sa»    ,Man,„...s   .„    „  „„.   a,,. 


,.M..„MV..  ...an,-  un.ws  an.l   ^  ,„.■>  a,.U  a,-  la:,l   -..t  I   .h.  .u^.ia,,.!    ,.•..■n^ .   .  ,, 

„  „,,  .„   „„.  1.,..  An.-l...   l:n.T  IS  ,....,1  .-...    un.anu,..  aH,|   a....>i.m    ■.^.•ll>   l.av  -  !..•.■..  m..-.. Mulls 

l.;..v.l l.l.nnv      II,..  .n.-a.-  ran.  .all  a>    ....   An.,1... l-- •   .^.^.O.,.,,.      -"■•'-■ 

„...  s..v..n..-..n  an.l  nn-  ..n.l.s  ,„..|hw.  «„I.  an  .a.. .•,.,.•  -an,..  .>..„.  lu-  ai.l  .  hr...  ..  n.  I..  m,l...,  ,., 

1,  ,s..,■,.n.•.■..•.ll.^  .a.lvu.lMlMslniM.in;:  l-M  -l  San   .•..l>...a„a   i.  .u,  .1.,-  1........   .hr  >,M,ih 

,,„  ,.,,,„,.  .ta.ln.a.l  i'm-.w....,,  San  rra„.-.s.-...  Kl  I'as,..  .-,.  .      I' U  .■ .-I.-'  -  '^  'I-'.",.  ...m.M 

a„.|  I.al;   s.a. 1.^  ,,,.,.1,   I,  .1.   «,..     N..  W  X  Mu\   U  ,.  .Inr.-.-n   mil..  ..as,ua.,l  s  o.   .1.. 

,„......,  sl,..,v.  ...  Sa...a  M,.MMa  it.N.     Tl...  ...wi.  «  a.  ....mlI.-I  h,    17:7. l-'i   H..'  ti.lr  .....1  nan...  ... 

..  l-l  i..,..|,l,..l..  \,...stia  S..„..ia  .!-■  I..<   An. '■•I....-   ..:,    .Im-   un.t  .all.'.l   ••  I'...- inu.ula. '      .1,. 

u..,ms,n..n  ...  VAUUmiv.i  1.^  \Ur  I  .n.,-.|  Slat.-  ,.  «a.  tl..-  !.».-'.-.   .-vmi  m  .!..•  .•..,ii.lr> .     In  I  >><•  .t 
1,.„|  .,  ,,.,,,„lali..i.  ..r  ll.;5<«'  .in.i  .».  .li.-  |'r.—nt  -lai-  M-V.    ,.  i.,..l.al.lv  Ihiv..  lnn..s  as  ^rra.. 

Th.'  Mi>s...i.  ...■Saiilial.ru'l  li.-s  ah..iH   s.s.i.  a...|  ..n.   I. all    iuil.>  I"  ..•.•.aM  ....iihraM  (KNK 

111   !..•■•   \iij. •!!■>. 

n..-  r..i\  ...   San  r.Mln,  «as  .lis,...v.-v.|    \>\  .S.l.aMian  \  i/.  am.,  in  UHtJ.  an.l.  alil...il-l.  it  l-  n..' 
„„..,l,.„.,..l  ,n  his  naiT.i.iv.  h.'  lus  it   l.iui  .|..«i his  .hail,  an.l   iiaii..-.l   tl..'   i:ns,.,.a.la  .!.•  S.n 

Aiitlr.s.  ,       ■         ,  ,      , 

\V1,..„   Van n.i    «as  -.•.km-  ...r   San    l'...li..    Ii  iv  i,  N..v..Mil..'r.    I.'.'.)    Ii.' -I    mi.Ii    .1....|. 

\v.i..i  ...1    I'.imi  N  in.'.nl..  liiai  h.'  !li..iulii  In'  ."'iM  n  ..  l.-  ii'Mt  .If  |'l  a.-.'.  !•  il   a.f.-r  -.•tlm-  L.  \\t<- 

>..uth  .m.l  .Mst  .-r  l'..m;   h'tiMin  In-  ha.l  a   tali  M.'w  ...   Hm'  Ims    .in.l  ,ni.li..ia;;r.  y.-.  <• Iii.l.-I  i..  I 

I..  I'n.iT  II. 

S\N    I'l.l.i;.'    '  H  \NNK.... 

Til.-  |.,is-ai;.-  I..i\\..h  Ih..  !-l  iii.l  ...   Sa'il.i  (  .il.iliua  :iii<l  llif  mam  xli.ir.- 1<>  tli..  ii.trtli,  iin'linliii;: 

the  s...iw,ii.|  tl.-..  .11.. I   til.-  s| s  ,,i  .San    I'.-.lr.i   llill.  ih  known  t"  ii.ivi;:.iti)rs  .n.  .Iii>  .•  .asi  ik>  il.c 

S.iii  I'lili..  t'li.iiiiifl ;  II  is  .inal..,..iis  |..tlii.  Siti..i  liarliar.*  Cliaiiiii-I  t'lir.ln-i  wist.  I'l.mi  l'..|iit 
\  inc.nl.'  I'.  Ih..  w.si.  TiiMi..-.  1...11II  ...  ('.it  .l;n  a  Isl.iii.i  tin*  ilisl.iiif.- is  ..iylit....|.  aihl  .1  li.ill  miltf 
ami  til.'  I>..,irm,  s..iii|i  si\i....n  .1.  ..•.•»  w.st  S.  in  \\  .  .  This  .l.sl  iii.i-  ik'hU  rf|ii...si.iil.x  .li.' 
wnltli  1)1'  t.K' I'haim.l.  Tin- s.iiiii.1i'i_'h  .il.in;:  .li.  ..i.-.- ..'  S.in  r...li-.i  Mill  .ii.\.'r\  .|....|i.  ln-iii;,'  . « ■. 
Iiuniln-il  I'.itli.iins  wiltiiii  iw.i  iiiilfs.  ,m<l  thf  s.n...  ..tl  tl..'  n.ni.i  nIi..ii-s  ..I  (".it.ilina  Isl m.l  ;  li..t.<iiii. 
(,'iTfn  iiiinl  ill  li.i.li  iMscs.  'I'll..  .|..<'|.i.st  w.-ifi  I.I  I  In-  .h.imii-l  \n  no.  \>'  kii..«ii.  .\|.|>i...i.  Iic.l  fniiii 
Ihf  s.iii.hcasi  ..r  iimtliwfsi.  th.-  -ivat  Ini^hi  an.l  uias-  n.  t'.i..iliii  i  l>laii.|,  .in. I  tl...  iii'i.l.'ia...  Ii.'itjli. 
(»!'  S  III  I'l'.lr.i  llill.  l.iiiiii  ii|i  .1.  Ill  iii\  iiiilfs  ili-i.in.'f  .iinl  ;;ivi.  t''""l  l.iii.llal.s  in  t'lir  wi'a.lii'i .  .\!1 
till'  I'.iasiiii;:  stfanit.|  s  us.,  this  .•h.uini.l,  I  nit  I  In*  sic.n.M.rs  I'm  .M«.mi..ii.  .iikI  i  '.nti.il  \  in..;  i.-.m  |i.irt  s 
};..  iiulsi.l..  th.'  isl.tn.ls.  .|ji|..».,  wl.ci.  .■.iiinii;;  ii|i  I  he  .-...i-t  il(;iilllMt  l.iav  \  l.i.l  I  li  w  rstci  s  ni  licii 
\\  lath.'i. 

In  ih..ir  w.'alh.'i.  u  I1..11  i|>|.ii.,i.'hiii;:  ili..  .haniD-l  ti..in  cillicr  .iiic'i  mn.  tli..  Iiiuli.  iii..iiii..iiniiiis 
l.iii.l  ...  I  in-  r...!-.  I  aii^.'s  iH  .|i-lm.li\  usililc.  Ih..  M.|  s  I  iiL;;;tM|  .mil  j.i  .;.;.•.  I  I  unci  [..-.iks  ..t'  lli.'  .s».inl.i 
MiiniiM  l.iii::!'  tl.  the  iii.i  th»i'.|.  t  h.'  Imhl  llaiik>  .il  tlii.  .Sii.|  r  a  M.i'lii-  t..  t  In-  in.i  1  h.  .i\  .-i  I  lit'  jilailis 
1.)  I...S  .Vngi-lcs,  iin.l  till-  iiiiiiiii.aiii  ...  ili.-  ii..i.lii.ast  with  its  .lark  t'liliiini.ttin;;  .IdiiIiU'  |HMk,  .S.kii 
.lannl.i. 

I  n  ...issiiii;  till.  Ill  i:ii  II...  i-l.aiiiii-l,  tin-  ;:i<-.it  .|i\  i.l..  .it  ( '.italin.i  I  si  an.  I  in-ai'  its  tki'sti-in  I'lnl  is  .1 
\.  r\  III. Ilk. .il  tl. llill. '.  a|i|.ai<'iitl\  i-I.mmiii;  tlic  nii.iiiil.iin.nis  isI.umI  ...tn  iwn  |i.ii!>.. 

ri.i'  si.  1. 1 1. 1. 1  wii.ils  .liaw  s.,i.n.\v  li.it  .i\  CI  III,.  1. 1 1 1. 1  ;  ih>\  .111-  ;ii.|i('iall>  .i:.'lii.  ,ini|  .uih  ...■.•.isi..n 
all,\  111. '.v..  ii|i  li\rl\,  l.iit  <|.i  1I..I  Mis.,  iiiiii-li  M.l  Til..  Mint.'i'  wiinls  lil..v\  ti.ni.  tl...  smitliu  .ml  .111. 1 
cast  war.  I  i|iiili-  s.r.iii;:,  n\  iili  luli.'t'  iii.ii.'  s.>,i  ami  shuiti'i.  as  iC  lilii»  in;.;  ,i;,'.iins.  a  I'lnim.. 

Wf  lia\i-  mi  .'iii'ii-iil  <  ills.. rv, It  mils  m  il...  .si  .u  I',  .li..  Ch  .nni'l.  I.ni  li\  an  ol.sii  s  ,ii  t....  .11.1.  li-  .il.init 

lliirty  null's  siiiitli.'isi  liy  I'.isi  ,.s|-',.  \,\  |.;.    n,,.,.  ij...  >,iiiilii..i.st  iiiti.inci'  ul"  thi' ili,iiiii..l,  il iiin'iii 

was  rmiiiiiit;  mn'  li.ill'  kmii  p.-i  limir  tu  ihc  mniliw.ir.l ;  ami  a.  a  staiimi  in  l.iii'inlr  .1.;  \:i'  N.  ami 
|..ii;;ilii.lf  I  i:t  nl  \N  ..  In-iiiu'  alimil  .liiit.'cii  inih'^  ii.ir.h  of  Sail.. i  It.ii  liir.i  Ulaml  itiul  wi'st -ikk  Mi 
wi'.si  I'liin  111.'  iiiitliwi'stt'iu  I'litiam-f  to  11...  .-Ill .|.  thi'  riiri.'iit  w.i-.  niniiiii,  to  tin-  wi'f.t  In  north 


\  IT.  ,1   lir.iii,  li 

.ni'l  llllirl\    fiTt 

k    I  III    tiiW  II  .Hill 
>    I'l    «  Itir    aiiil 

■it\   ilmiii;:   tir 

■•  illV  lli'hs  ;    till 
I  II    --III  ii~.sfl|||\ 

I  I -in  1.1  iss:,, 

III  ll>  llirlii'-.  t>> 
r  III    I  III'  Siiill  li 

lll--l.ini    I  VM'lll  N 
I  v\  .l|l|l\    ol     llli 

1 1)'  .iii<l  II. mil'  III 
I.I."     I   |>'in  ilii 

IN  .       ill    I  ^stt  It 
1^  ;:ii-.il. 
iiiliciisi  (I'lNK 

lliiiil;;li  It  i>  im: 

WIMM'I  I    ill-    .S.lll 

mill   siii'li   i|i'i'|, 

•  Ci'ttlll;.'  ti.   till' 
riiiiijilili'il   II'  I 


llirlll,    llll'illlllll;; 

lll>  r  i.|,t  Us  I  1,1' 
't.  l''llllll  I'liMll 
M'l  .1  ll.lll  llillir. 
n'lUi'.srllt.-*  till' 
li'i'|<.  Id-Ill:;  I  \\ .. 
-I  iiiil  ;    liiittiiiii. 

|>|>lii.lr||ri|  lYnlli 
I  "liT.lli-  lli'l^lil 
1'  "CiUlii'l.  .Ml 
\  lllr:  ll.lll  |iii|  t  ■- 
I'sll'ls    l!i    I'ii'.ii 

li.    IMlMllll.llllUIIS 

>•>  lit'  till'  .Siiilii 
>v  i-l    I  III'    |>l.lll|S 

iiMc  iM'.ik,  S.tii 
n'stcrii  I'liil  I-.  .1 

I  iiliK  iiri'.ioiMii 

siiiitliw  .ml  .Mill 
I  lint. 

KM  III. nil-  .llillllt 
K'l,    ll Illll'lll 

'I'l  l.i'  N.  .mil 
ml  Nvi'stim,  Ml 
'  ui-.t  In  iiiii'tli 


i'.\ciiic  t'u.xsT  ni.oT.  46 

(\\ .  Ii\  N  1  liitll  :i  knot  |i)'r  liiMii.  rill'  ili'ptli  Wii.s  rniir  liiiti<li'*'<l  uihI  si\ly.*-i;;lil  rulliiiiiiM  aiiil  tlii' 
liiitiiiiii  ^iili  iiiiiil. 

'I'lir  ;:«'ii(Mal  li'tii|irrjtiii'i'  nl'  lln'  m-a  water  i.s  (ivf  il('i.'rt'<-.s  waiiiHT  than  nlV  San  h'taiirLsco. 

D'lvntr  till'  .SI  I  III  II  in  I  111'  rliaiiiii'l  is  ;;i'iii'iall\  iVi'i-  In  nil  In;;  liiiiiii;,'  tin-  ilay.  I>iit  it  cimiii-.s  in  with 
tlii>  wi  .<i|i'i  l\  \Miiil  .illrr  a  I'l'w  il.iys  nl'  w  arm,  raliii  \M-atlii'r. 

I  nrtiiiiiiiM  /;</((/.--'riiri'r  anil  lliiri' i|iiaiU'is  iiiilrs  wt'st w aril  I'limi  I'liiii^  I'lTiiiin  Liylit  ami  two 

anil  otir  liall'  iiiiirH  rastw.ii'il   liuiii    I'o'iil   ViiiriMiii-  i.s  a  sli;,'lit    l.tlliii;;  liark  nl'  tl lilV.s,  with   two 

Hiniill,  iiai  III" .  Jiill  m;;  li>iit.'iir.s  iirail\  t«it  iiiih'.s  rnnii  I'niiit  VmriMiti-.  Clnsi'  iiiiiliT  tlii'  t'a.sfi'rii 
t(>n;;iii'  ami  in  tin-  ili'i'|ii'st  |iai  I  ul'  tlir  rnv  •>  i.s  a  l'iii'tii);iii'Hf  wlialiii;;  .statiun,  ami  tlir  rii\'i>  il.si-lf  is 
kiiii\\iia>  I'm  tii^nrsf  llrml.  In  lliis  ri)M>,  nii  tlii>  imI;;i- of  tliv  ki-l|i  w  liirli  Inllitws  tin- .slnnf  line, 
till'  sti'.iiiii'is  siiiiii-iiiiii'.i  aiirliiir  tn  ilisi-liat';;i-  ri'i-i;,'lit,  rtr.  'I'lii'  am'hiira;;r  i.s  in  li\i-  ami  om-  hall' 
to  Ni\  l.iiliniiis  ami  wi'il  .slirlliTril.  'riirii-  all'  si'vi'ial  passatirs  tliroii;.'li  tlir  l;i'l|>  to  llir  Itraili,  ii|Min 
wliirh  lii'iuhl  is  salrl.v  lamli'il. 

Ill    hri'i'iiilii'i,  1.>^H|.  wi-  am-lniii'il   lirrr  in  siv  lath. mis  nl   wali-f.  nviT  wliiti-  .hhiiiIn   linltniii,  ju.st 

insiili'  I  III'  main  Itml  v  nT  tin*  ki'lp  ami  nnr  tlnnl  Ilir  lirraill  h  nl'  tin \  i>  rrnin  I  lir  wrsli'in  |iniiit.     .\ 

RliDi'i'-llrlii  ol'ki'lp  Ill's  iiisiilr,  with  ,i  s|i.ii'i'  ihi'iiri-  I'li-ar  In  tin'  sliiiri-.  A  lar;;i'  lii'l.i  nf  ki-l|i  lii'^nis 
nt  till' I'.ist  |M>iiit  III'  till'  lii'int  ami  iniiliiim's  iinlii'nkrii  to  I'nint  l''ri'iiiiii.  'I'lii'  lio.it  l.iinlin;:  is  In 
till'  iinitliwrst  .inL,li'  nl  I  hi'  roM'.      I  >Mi  iiiu'  mir  \  isit  till'  w.iti'i'  ill  tin-  ri>\i'  was  ijiiiti'  sinnntli. 

!iii|iiii\  rnniits  ail'  |irn|rrtril  lii'ii',  am!  ll  is  |irii|iiisi'i|  tn  iianii'  tin'  plan'  I'mt  < '.irnlin.i. 

fiil.NT    VIM  r.MK.' 

This  is  a  sli'i'p,  rni'ky  rlilV.  niii'  linmiiiil  ami  iwi-iitv  fi'rl  lii;;h,  ami  iisiiiu'  rapnll,.'  tnvv.inls  tin' 
Iioith  Inihr  wi'siiTii  pait  nl  San  I'l'ilin  Mill,  whi'i'f  till' laltiT  is  lii'i  wiM'ii  Iwi-lvi-aml  Ihiitri'ii  liiiii 
ilri'il  tiT'  aliiiM'  till' si'.i.  Till'  rlills  aii'whiti'  ami  ml.  ii'il  pri'ilniiiiiiatiiii;.  'I'ln'  stiatilii-ation  is 
coiitiiflfl.  ami  I'll  llii'  wi'si  I'.iii',  in  ihr  ln'inl,  it  is  i!'i'i';;iilai  i  v  rlliptiral.  'I'lii' pmiit  lisi's  with  iiTi';;- 
iilar  I'litls  tn  llii'  i'asi«anl.  'I'wn  hiimlri'il  ami  lil'tN  \arils  nil  this  pmiil  lii's  a  Inw  Mark  roik 
twi'iitv  livi'  I'ri't  in  I'slriit,  iii'nnli,  with  ki'lp  sin-ti'liiiiu'  l>!\\.iml  it  to  tlni'i'  hnmlii'il  ami  liftv  >aiil>. 
Alinni  .1  tlin'ilnl  .1  niilr  I'.isi  \t  ai'il  nl  I'niiit  Niiiri'iiti'  I  iirii' is  a  small  lilark  p.vrainiilul  rni'k.rs|i. 
inalril  IwrlilN   livr  tri'l  lili;h.      ll   is  ilnsi-  In  the  slinli'. 

I''iiiiii  I'nii'l  l'"i'iniiii  In  rmnl  Nimilitr  Ihr  rmiisi'  IS  iinrlh  i'U'IiIn  ti\  r  ili'^rn-i's  wi-Mt  'N.S."i  \V.) 
ami  lln   ilisi.iiii'i'  -i\    iihi  .1  i|ii.iili'i    mill's.      Thi-  j^'i'iht.iI   Iti'n.l  nl'  tin-  liliill  is  stiai;,'lit.  Inif   Innkiii 

In    s  ha  I  p  rills  .11 II I    |.l:::.'ri|   pnilils.  li'arlllllu'    I  \*'>  llllllillril    I'l'i'I   I'li'V  at  Inn,  w  lull'    till'  siili'  III    thr  San 

I'l'ilin  1 1  ill  Is  mai  Ivi'il  li\  iinmi'rniis  sh.ii  p  ia\  im-s.  ( )tt  i  his  Iini>  n|'  Imlil  rlitl's  tin-  w.iti'i'  is  ten  I'atli- 
oiiis  1 1  I'l  p  within  two  hill  II 1 1  I'l  I  \  anls  in  hill'  a  niili'. 

Nl'  ilaii;,'ris  .111-  kniivvn  niiisiih'  till'  krip  p.iti'hi's,  w  hirli  aii'  slinwii  in  ili-pths  \  ar>  ini;  ffoin 
tlirrr  In  tin  ralliniiis.      Ki'lp  is  rniiinl  Iniir  mill's  wi'st  it\'  I'nint  l''i'riiiiii,  insi  wi'st  nf  tin'  pniiil,  ami 

it  alsn  sl  Ir^ilii's  Inl    nnr  III  lli'  olV  slnUi'  I  lll'ri'  ipl.llti'l  s  nf  a   llll  Ir  lini  I  lli'.lsj   n|    I'nint    I'l'linilr. 

Vi'ssi'U  I, 111  inniiil  I'nint  \  iiirriili'  nil  llii'  iiiiti'r  i-ilu^r  III'  till'  Ui'i|i.  thill'  lii'iii;,'  ti'ii  tathmiis 
within  lliii'r  hiimlri'ii  mill  til'tv  v.inls  nt'  thr  pmnt.  I>iiri'll\  nil'  thr  pnMit,  as  mriiliniiril  al>o\  i', 
tlli'fr  IS  .1  ini'U  awash,  lyiiij:  Just   within  Ihr   nl'^r  nl'  thr  ki'lp. 

A  ili'pth  III'  tiirt.v  fathnms  nl'  w.itiT  is  Iniiml  nm'  half  a  inili'nH'  tin' rlills.  oiii' hnmlri'il  ritlinm.-* 
williin  li'ss  than  a  iiiili'.  ami  iwn  hiimlii'il  t.itlinnis  at  oiii'  ami  .i  ipi.iitrr  milrs.  Tin'  linlinni  is 
mostly  ;,'iri'ii  mini,  111  III  ml  .iml  s.unl,  m  thr  iliTp  uati'i  :  iiisuli'  tin-  Inrly  latin  nn  liiir  it  is  \  ana  Mr, 
w  illi  a  samlv   li'mli'm'\ . 

I'"in:ii  I'nint   N'lmi  nti-  thr  liraiin;;s  .iml  ilist.iini's  in  promini'iit  olijrrts  air  : 

I'liiiii  l-rniiiii  I.iutii  I S.  "T       v..  li}  niili'H. 

^iitlllli'lt*!  I'llil  I'llt.lllll;!  I-klllll .-s.  '.'i;         l:.  '."lH  mill's 

I'illiiiiMK  t'ii\t',  nil  ri»tiiliii;i  I-hiiiil   S  ','  i;.  l-^iiiili" 

Wfst  I'liil  r:il:iiiii.i  IsliUi.l ,<<.  IT  V-  l-Aiiiilis, 

rniiil  1)111111      N.  Ilt^  U  •Jilniil.w 

I'miil  llm  iii'iiH'  l.i^jhl    N.  T:i  \\  \7    iiiili-., 

I'l^iHl  I'liil  .\ii;li  Hp.'i  IkLiihI      N.  •.■>♦  W  .Ml     iiiili'^. 

T'litil  1,11111.1  I. mill. liiHiH.       .>*.  .'.Tj      I'.  -I'.J  null  s. 

lln- ma'^'ni'tir  varialinii  WIS  ||  |.">' rasi  in  l"<>i."i.anil  iniTi-asi's  om' ami  thii't- ti'iiths  iiiiniiU's 
atinii.illy. 

•  \  iiiM  ll  \>\  \  .III MI  Ml  Sin. Ml  1 11  I.  i:  I :,  :iiii  I   S  nil  I  hii   s.lll  M  M  ll  M,  iiiH'  lit  I  111'  I  liars  .a  ihr  .\1,k- I  Itiii'iia- 

.'tliira.      I  111  lii-.ilinl,  Ii..«..mi,  iI  i«  i.iriiin  .mih  .iiuium'.I  "  |'|     Vimiilr." 


T-rr 


4G 


f        I 


'  ,' 


Jm 


I'.Miiir  ii>\>i    rii.'>r. 


SANIA    MdNH  A   HAY 


I'lHiii  r..iiil   Viii.riiif  to  I'.'itit  Dumi-  ilir  f..niM'  i-  ii.-iil.  mMv  srvni  .li';:rv.'N  wi-st.  iin.I  : 

.lisI.IU.v  t«.-nlN   livr  ..U.I  ..    U  ill    inll.'v      Th..    >|..  .•<•  M|s„|r    tlil^    .'..Ulv.  ..  r..ll..l  S:.l,t:,   MM,ur4   1: 
.111,1  til.'. {...•|..'M  lurt  IS  .ibr.MM    ihr    Aii..>..S.iiil.i   M...,,,  i.  «  lii.l;  i>  l.ii   nnl.-s  iinMl,  ;,|   ih,.  aim 
liiif. 

O,  .,-»;/  lhi.i<".n:iph\lo/  Ihr   /.'(ll/.-I'lOIll   I'.MllI    Vlll.rlll.'  t  ll.' -lllM ..  t  111-  nc.|tll«.->t    ttvihl  llol 

(liiilv  M\.ii  u,\:iv.'^  \v.'>t  ,N.  .17     \\     I'T  ivN,«  .iikI  .1  -I'l'i'''  iii'l""'  '"  •'"■  «<'.'*l<'rnm.ist  inniwi.iti. 

..('  tU.'  ll.Uf.  «lll«ll  HiMlir.l   l;...k\    I'olit     .IrsnilM'.l    .•11    ii.mr   IT!,  ;lll<l    llKMir.'    Iirarlv  tinill r 

I'iisl    SNi:,)  I'm-  tliiT,'  iiiil.-i  til   Ilic  !i.ii.'  s.iuii  I'iM'-li   I'.iiiiiiiu'  till' f,i-.l<M  II    slion-  of  S.iiila  Mom. 
Ha\.     Tlic  iioilliiiii  ■  lioii'  liis.it    tli<-  h.is.'  nf  III.'  li!-li.  iMu^i'il    i.i.>iiiilaiti>  ..|   thr   Siiita    M.mm,  . 
raii-f.     riir  l»a.  Ii  i-«  only  pissaliU'  ;il  low  wall  r.      Tlii-  «lioli-   loi>r  ol  tin-  w.'>t«iii    s«i-ll  lircal. 
liiM\;l\  .iu.iiM>l  lliivM'  ,liil>.      I'll.'  ii.'1'tli  iliioii^hou!   till-  liav  i-<  iiuili-  ii ri-;'iiiar.     Alnrast  nf  |i 
arro.Mi  a    .1  Iihmi  nl   S.uc!.i  M.hiiim.  .1  .1.  i-lii  ol   |..il>  tallmtns  i-i   loiiii'l  lour  ihiIi-h  ntV  .-(lioir,  luii  . 
tin-  Itc.hli.  liiivMi'ii  I.. I  r.  il.'ii.i  .iml  till-  >.»li  |ii)ihl.  a  siiiiiiiantn-  plal.-.m.  Iiiiir  iiiilcs  with-,  .-..ticii  I,. 

on!   to   till-    >oi||ll«i'>l    'ol    il^liI    itllli'>.  vMtll  viT\    llli;|. "Mills     iIitMMhiii;.'    ilfplllS,  to    fiilfN     talliiMi 
with  -ii\  >.iim1.  iiiinl.  atul  ;;i:i\i!.     Wi^iw.ii.l  ol'  tin-  p:  il.au,  .imi  low.inU  I'oiiit  Miiiiii',  tin-  ili|.- 
in«H'a>is  ia|>.ill\    lo  iii'.iily  tlm-i'  limi'lii-il  lailioais,  iiia<lil>    liKllntii,  ami  <-airyiii;:   twn   liiimln 
fatiioMi.-*  w;tlilii  a  mill' .-oiitli  .>!"  Ilii-  |iniiit.     On  tin-  i-ist  nl   tliw  plati-aii.  ami    tow.iiiJH  I'oitil    \'o 

ri-llli',  lluTi-  IS  a  irlli.ll  .»  llili'  mihiiiilliil'   rnllni,  ii|ll>   OIH-  llllli'  Wl.lr.  lu-twct-ll  tllrniir  Inillil  I  i-il  I  itliii 
rill\i-s,   ,iml   rariMil;;   iVoiii    Ino   liiiiiil'i-.l    ami  (•i;:lity    l.illioiis.    iiiiulilv    liiitlniii.  In   niir    liiimlii., 
lallioiiis  witliiii  niic  aiiil  oin-  ami  a  li.ill   iiiilis  •>(  ilic  lifaoli.  m  .ir  tin-  salt  woiUs.     Tlir  fa>l<>i'ii  siil. 
of  llu-^  valli'\  IS  ii'iiiaikaiily  .sti-iii.ilio|.|iiii;;  lioiii  IhiU  to  two  liiiii.lii-il  latlioins  m  tliri-)-  fi;;liili>  . 
a  mill'.     Till'  \M-sii'iii  si.lr  IS  Miiiri-  slupm;.',  hut  tlir  h!o|i.-  Iroiii  oui-  liiimlu'il  ratliniiiH  is  \rr>  ?.liaii 

A I  til.'  III-. 1. 1  c!  I  Ins  sill  una  II  111-  \  .illi\ .  .iml  .nn-  ami  1  liill  iiiili-s  ..ll  slniir,  I  In-  « ,ilrr  is  ium-ii  .: 
with  pi'tridiiliii  wliuli  i'\ich'iill\  ri'iiii's  tinin  a  xm/omuckk  irW/.  suppnsj-il  tu  Itc  liMatnl  in-ai  llii-  jii-.i'l 

of  this  v.illi-y.  ami  tl il  i-anii-il  W|.»t   liy  tin-  C'lllrlit.       I'lu-  r\t«iit  1  if  I  hi-  siir  farr  imlliatliMis  is  nii. 

a  111  I  a  li.iir  III  I  Irs  liy  Ilin-i-  i'i;.'!i<lis  nf  ,1  iiiiii,  ami  I  If  i|i>|iilis  ..mi  \\  liicli  ii  is  ti  111  nil  raii;;i-  In  1:11  (liii  1  \ 
two  III  iiiii- hiiiiillril  lath. mis.  ihi-  mulilli- nl  tin- hiIimI  siii  tare  Im-mij:  nvcr  hi-m-iiI  \   IIm'  lalhniiis.     '|'li. 
Iinttmii  Is  s.tliil  .Hill  ^'!'i>i'li  111  ml.      Tills  (III  Is  linl   S.I  i;  ir.lt   111  •|iiailt  it  \  llnl   sn  I  irli  .ks  that  ■  if  I  In-  .s(aill.i 
I'lIIIiIIM    < 'll.llllirl.   lull    IS  sl||M'I|.iI    Iotli.lt    lillnllnl     p.ll  Is  nl     the  .-nast,         I'. I    ill's|;;||.lt,.     tills    slllllli  I 

riiu"  v.illi-y  I'm  ri'lrn-iii'i-  «i-  li.ivi-  n.iiiu-il  it  llir  \'iui'tiiti-  SuIimi.h  iin-  X'.illrv. 

In  i-Mi-Utiii;:  till'  h>  i|fn;4iaiili>  "f  ,'>iii;i  M.iiiii'.i  lias .  .1  Will  111  II  knil  rillli'tlt  rillilllll::  In  till 
linllli"  .nil  ami  urstua-ii  w.i.s  alw.iv  s  .iliscrvi  tl  111  thr  \  ii  iiiit\  n|M.il.i^;.i  ( 'n\  i-,  .»iii|  .ilm  .i.st  tin-  s.ill 
Wnl  Us. 

/i'ii/..|ii/ii    ir/i,i/'.— .\    wll.llt    h,|s    Ihi  II    iniistnirti'il    iHuii       In'    Iw.ii  h    In. II     till'    salt     linllil.lt    lli. 
Millthi'.isl  pait  lit    .■s.iiita    .Miilili-.i    11. i\.  .llnl  il   sttclrhf.s  mil  t.i\».iii|s   tin-  iliip  w.itii   .11   ilii'  In  .nl  ,  i 
till-    sllli  111,11  nil'  villi  \.       Tlii'liri'    .1  l.lllln.iil   «.i>   rnii  si  |  m|i-i|    tn   i..i    I 'i.il  Inii.i.      Thi'    sfinln;   Wistiil 
wimls   iii.iIm'  .1  hi'.ns   swill    si|ii,iirl>   upon    Ihr    Ix-ach.  ami    111  nlii'  nl    thf    lica\H-.st  MnW.s  the   nilti'i 
p. II I  111' till-  '.v  h.ii  f  w.is  ilaiii.ii;iil  .  I  s,s;i  , 

Ixilp  III  Siiiitii  l/i. ,'•<.. I  /;.(«.  — I'iniii  rmiit  S  iiiiiiiii-  tniiml  tn  thf  tcniiiii.itinn  nf  fln»  iik'U\  liluli 
at  .Mal.i;:.i(o\.'  .h  s,  riiu  i|  mi  p.i-.-  17   tin- si,..., ■  is  l.i,|,|,  n-.i  i,v  ,,  ii,..i\  \  t\v\,\  nl  Urlp,  whirii  Ih-h  frmii 

oiir.iu.irli'l   to    m',i|l.\    llilii- i|il.nii  Is  nt    .1    milr  nil    slimi-;     nnltln'   niitsnl.'  nl;;,'  is  ;;,.|ic|  alh    111    t,  ., 
fatlinllis  nf  «  aliT. 

Nii./inn/M.  h.iw  liii'ii  ,|| M.,..il  II,  this  k.'l|,.  .  Mi'i'l  .,  sind'il  r...  A  i»ni' rinllth  nl  ,1  liilli'  nil    K, 

Mill  I'oilil.  "  hull  Is  mil'  ilnnl  nf  a  ihili' sniitln'.i.st  Iiniii  \li»U\   I'l.nit. 

Cniiiim'miii-.il.nut  tliti'.'ipi.iiiiisnf  a  mil.-  s.isinl  S.nii.i  Mmnr.,  w  half  ,  now  t'oni;;  into  ij.-nn 
Ihi'  ki'lp  Ins  111  .1  .nii,,,.„i  1,1,,.  !i, I  II,,,.,.  iinh'salni.,'  tin-  shm,.  ti„  th.-r  In  Ihr  «.-M  w.inl,  .iml  stivirh 
III-  nut  III  (niii  ami  ti\,'  f.itliniiis  ,ii  M.u.r  at    ,11, ■  tlnnl  nl  .1  mil,   f,  .„,  ilii-  shntf. 

Ki'l|,  is  alsn  tniili.l  miitl„..,.st  nl  I'mnt  Kinu,'.  nil  li.ilh  s|,l,.,  ,.r  I, ,,111,.  CnM..  ami  iv.nhi's  nut  I.. 
t.'li  falhnmsnf  w.ii.r.  ,.M-,.pi  iiinm'.lni.'l\  ,11  Hut  .imlmi., ...,..„  |„.,,.  n  |s  ,,,ul,.  ,  I,,,,.  ii,,hnii'. 

A|niii,.lth,sh,.i,'snr.S.iiiIa  .M,.iii,,i  !:,>  iMiii  Mal.i^.iCu..  In  I  »n  nnh's  w.-m  „f  .Saiil.i  Mi.iiir.i. 
..ml  al.ii'.ist  till'  lii;;h  imiiiiil.niis.  ih.'  In '  fn  fathn.iM  ,s  fmiml  mi..  i.,,h-  nil'  s|,.,r.- ;  thi'ti.r  In  |'.,i:i: 

,      'l-'  ."."  SMrM>  ilu.i-...f  l-.,lll,„l...v  , 1  l;..ln «  I,  ,  1,  ...U,,.,,.  ,.  „  1  ..r,,,, ,   |...  |,. 

.I..-  -lani.'  mv.i,  II.  i|„.  n.,.1  I.I.  I...r.|rri„u  ilii-  1....,  I, ^,„„..  « ,,.  „..,  ,.,  „...  ,.,^.„.,  ,,,^,,,,,       ,,|_^.  ,^,^^.,^,,  ,_, 

M.n,l...  !...>.' ,|,i,v.'. .,,,.'1 1,,„l«|,.|.. .„..„,,|.,  .|,,n.i|  H.ti.'n- Imti.  1.,  II...  ,1,..,.,.  «..,,i.,  U    «i...l. 

\l/.r.ilMi.-  1  li.nl     .s.llll  \    .M..M.:il.l    .I.-,,,;, 111...  \]„„  l,:,j    ,,»  ,,  •    ,,,,,„   1  „«  „.,.|.,  •■ 


^rt'fs  west,  ami  ' 
Siiila  Miuiirii  I: 
iiorlli  ttt  till-  nil" 

tInVfNl  Itl'llll  IKM 
IlllliiHl   (rlllini.lli 

iiarlv  tioiil 

■    <'l'  S.ll;l;i    M.iih.    . 

till'  S.iiiLi  Mum.  I 
strrii  swell  Idr.iK, 
r.     Aliic.ist  of  |i 

■•  nil  sl.Kic,  liiit  ,  ! 
Ii'>  VMilf,  >,tlf|rlH  . 
til  fiilfv  r.itliiMi!  . 
It  nilllll',  till'  i|r|,I 
'111,'  t«(i  lillllillv.l 
iWlliN    I'ullil     Vii; 

Ml'    llUllltll'll    I    Itllll': 

I.  !•>   mil'    liiiiiiln  i[ 
Till'  i',i>.tiiii  siili 

III   lllli'i-  i'i;,'lill|s  . 
"iiiis  IS  \,T\  .s|iai|. 
I'   W.lli  r  Is  I'.ivcir.l 

•  till  III'. II  till-  hi'.i.i 
niilii'.iliiiiis  IS  iiiii 

t.lll;;i'  I'l.C!,   llllIlN 

iM'  l.ulimiis.      I'll, 

th.it  III  Ihi'  S.iiii.. 

.'II. til'  tins  siiliih  I 

lit   riinniii;:  t<i  tin 
il  aliii'.i.sl  till'  s.tli 

'     -"^llt      |Mlllll    ,|l     li,, 

li'i  .It  till-  hi-.iil  I  I 

I'     SIIKII^    «cs|l   I  !• 

i|  liliiws  llif  nilli'i 
III'    tin*  IIX'k.N    hliitl 

||,  »iiii'ii  iii-N  ri'iMii 

■*  KfinTiilly  III  ti'ti 
I  III  :i  mill'  nil  I;. 

:.'i'ili;:  lilt"  ill  r.i\ 
«.iri|,  .mil  sMi'irli 


ml  I'lMi'hcs  Hilt   t.. 

'SI'    lllsllilli-. 

Ill  s.iiii.i  ^lllllil■.l. 
;  tliiiiri-  III  |'ii,':r 

I I  "I    l.;t  II.1II..11.1 

^iiliv       111.'  litiirliii  I- 

.1111;     M.I..I.I  l\      t«  III, I, 


r        ^r-'  ^ 


,^^   '-^?=^^T. 


.^'^^ 


.-^Pr 


« '  '  '* 


-iUE:. —  ..III.  ..  .-.  — — u_.^_„ — — : — .at-  -"  —  -i-  ■--- — 


l.l.M,    s    II,  .,,1,    ■i.'.VU   |,-,-I 

Piiiiit  I  Miiii.  .  S  U    iN     '♦  ii.ilvN. 


piiMii-  Cm-. 
>aMl,i  Mi'iiHU  hav. 


I\.    I'i'.i  Sli.'lltT.  >«i,l.i  NrMiKH  hav.  Shy  K.    In  mill' 


'J|i»»»-. 


^TS^Z^^T^SZ^- 


Idnii-  c.M-. 
.saiil.i  .M..i.Ha  hii>. 


Ciisii,.  I'.ak,  :!.il.llir..t. 


I 


i 

i 


t 


I'ACIIIC    ((lAsr    IMI.nT. 


17 


Diliiif  I  111'  liiHMii"  tliiitv  r.illHiriis  i-4  aliiiril  iwif  in  lie  <iH'  sIuht.  Tin'  <'(iur.sc  nC  iln'  cnasi  sicainvr-'^  lio 
jilHt  oiitsulf  III)'  liMiil  of  S.iiitii  MiiiiiiM  liav,  lii'iti;;  a  strait'lil  liiii>  rroin  rnjni  N'mrnitr  to  ruinr 
llil«*iM'iiU'.  t  >n  ilii>  (I  HUM',  iiiiilfr  r,i\  m.ilili'  a  I  Mii)s|i|ii-rir  nmilitiniis,  tlic  lii;,'ln-s|  fmir  ilcrliir  li|,'lits 
of  Los  Auricles  art-  .-.omi'liiiH't  \  isililc,  ati<l  ot' cuuihi'  art-  iiiiirli  urtciicr  st-cii  win  ii  -i  M'ssi-I  is  well  in 
tliu  lm.\. 

A  Ml"   lanil  rn  Ilk  at  Sinia   Mmiira  \i  llif  "Aicatlr,"  wliicli  is  Iniili  i>n   the  !a< f  tlic  rlilV  mi 

tlio  n<>illiuc>t  Niclf  i<\'  ilir  Aiic>.\i>  S.inta  Miuiica  anil  i  rar  llic  lirail  oC  ilic  |irrNrnl  whatf.  To  tlii' 
wiUiM' II  |ni-.i'iils  a  liKiii  scM'iiiy  list'  I'cct  hi^li  am!  («ii  lirindrol  ami  M\t.\  --ix  ff-t  Imi^.  ami  is 
Hiirinoniiii'il  liv  a  Ini^li  tnwi'i-  ami  lii'lvcilcic.  It  is  la^il.N  sn-ii  liy  tlir  strainrrs  mi  tlii-ii'  usual 
CUnrNi'  iVmii   I'lilnl   \  inrt'iiti'  tn  I'olllt    llll'lii'liM'. 

'Sinilii  M'liiiii  WiHil  ijiiii. —  Till'  vM'sicrl.v  wimls  lilnw  ijiiitc  slnni;;  (i\cr  llii>  bay,  ami  in  Mari-li, 
1872,  We  t\iM'ri('Mi'f(l  a  \i\\  srvcff  nmlli  wcslri'.  wliicli  cut  away  partH  ol'lhi'  licarh  ln'twri-n  Santa 
Monica  ami  I'mnt  Diinic  ten  t'cct  in  <ii'|>tli.  'I'lic  low  lami  lictwccn  San  I'cilro  llill  ami  the  Saiitii 
Monica  Mixintains  atVunU  a  ^'ihhI  w mil  ;;a|)  I'ui  tlic  ccxil  wimls  t<>  ilraw  ii\ cr  the  I, us  Aiiu'clcs  plains 
townnls  the  liniici  re;;imisi>l' San  lieniarilimi  ami  the  MMJaveaml  <  "olm-ailu  ileseils.  In  tin'  seasmi 
of  fo};s  they  iir>t  ciiviT  the  hay  ami  llie  shmes  in  the  afteiiKimi.  ami  are  iniislly  ilissi|iatei|  ilniin;; 
the  lie\t  imiiniii;.-. 

Till  Sliiiiis  (iii'l  \  iicltiiiiii/is  lit  Snitii  Mmiirii  llitii. — I'rmn  I'lniit  \'ineeiile.  w  liieii  is  iht'  smitlr 
t'tiHtcrn  limit  nl'Sant  i  M.iMica  Uin.  tlieclill's  trcml  iimlli  thiity  seven  i|e;;iee>  west  'N.  '•'  \\  .  for 
ii  little  imiic  than  two  inihs,  tn  Uockv    I'mnt. 

Ixoihii  /'••Ki/.— This  Is  a  liij,'h.  Iinlil  |i(iiiii,  risiii;;  raimlly  iVmii  a  lilnlV  cit  mie  liiimlreil  ami  t  went  y 
IVottothe  wesleiii  eMieinily  nf  Sail  I'eiliu  lllll.  'I'lie  iiiil  sealieiielies.  es|ieeiall\  tliii^eiif  three 
lllllHll'eil,  s|\  liiiiiilieii  Kile  t  limisainl.  ami  tW'cKe  lillinll'ecl  led  ele\itimi  al>'>\'-  t  he  sea.  llie  Very 
lliarlicil  mi  ihe  >lii|ie  lit'  the  hill  hark  lit'  this  piilllt.  Kelp  streli'hes  mit  ll.tll  .1  mile  t'rmn  the  piiilit 
fo  Hfteeii  lal  limns  ul  w  iter,  'i'lie  w  Imle  I'mce  iil  t  he  w  estei  n  sv\  ell  hre.iks  li  cavils  a;:ainst  the  el  ills 
from  I'mnt   X'lmenie  in  llmky    I'. mil,  ami  hence  ti>  Mala;:a  ('<>ve. 

Miilii'iii  Ci'ii. —  I'rmn  Kocky  I'liiiil  tliehulil  slime  niiis  twnainl  live  eij;litlis  miles  neatly  nmtli- 
nortlieast.  Ill  M.ilui  < 'unc,  u  In^ie  tin- cli.uaiter  nf  the  in  isi  line  cliaii;:i's  t'r(Mii  lii;;h  liliilfs  tn  rnllin;;, 
Hra.s.sy  ii(|;;es  ami  sani|>  lieadi.  Al  this  liemi  nl  I  he  slmic  the  main  massnfthe  kelp  streti-hcs  out 
more  than  li  ilf  a  iiiile.  with  a  ileciilcil  Ineak  in  the  in  is.s  leailiii;;  to  the  aiiclinrauc  It  is  a  ;;niHl 
Hliultei'  fill  wimls  Irmii  the  iimth.  cast,  ami  sniitli.  lull  it  alfniiis  im  pi-niectimi  Irnin  the  swell  which 
heaves  <llleell\  in  frnni  lliewi".  \'essels  inilsl  he  prcpai'i-ii  tn  tji'  tn  sea  sn  snni  as  the  v.iml 
liikiiis  to  the  wi'siu  .nil.  In  seeking  Ihis  ,iiicliiira;;e,  run  tnr  the  nmth  cml  nl  the  liliit)  ami  |iass 
tliroii;;li  tin-  f.in-w.iv  in  the  kelp  In  six  msesen  t'ahmiis.  ■i\cr  >;r,i\  saini,  wiili  iJneky  i'mnt  two 
inula  h.ilt  miles  i|i>taiit.  Iie.iriiii,'  smith  Ity  wcsi  .  S.  liy  \\.  i.  Sm.ill  vessels  m  ly  i,'n  in  closer  ami 
illlChor  insiili-  the  kelp  III  Imil  t  lllimils,  n\er  ;;iMy  s.iml.  i'liere  is  mi  ;,'nni|  lin  It  1.11111111;^  here,  ami 
no  Wood    nm   w  iter. 

Finn  I  \|al.l^  I  ( 'n\  e  the  Ili^ll  cl  ill's  rliaii:;e  tn  Inlli^,  lull  1 11;^  sailil  i  III  lies  a  I  nil  It  nlle  hlimlreil  feet  III 
height  :"ii|  p  ii.illil  In  the  sliai^lit,  sinnnlh  s.iml  lie.ich.  insiili'  nl  these  iliiiics  are  ;:i.issy  lid-es. 
n'lU'hiii;:  Iwn  hnmlreil  ami  Imtx  Icei  elexatimi,  ami  heynml  .iie  Inn.nl  ilcpioseil  pi. mis.  Six  .iml 
oiie-ipiarlcr  inih-s  nmlli  nf  rmnl  \iiiceiite  ami  ln-himl  the  lil'st  low  ii(!i;e  nf  siiiil  ililiics  lies  ihi- 
siiiiill  Hdlt  !>■  lllll,  w  here  silt  Is  ni.iniif.ictnreil  in  cmisnleralile  ipianlities  ami  I  r.in-.pnrlcil  lit  teen  inilo 
t4)  lios  .\ii.;elcs.  M  ilu'  nine  nl  the  siir\ey  it  was  ei;;llt  feel  helnw  the  Icxel  nf  lii;:li  w.iler.  ami 
the  water  h.is  .i  inmh  ;;re.iler  specilic  ^r,i\  ily  than  llu<  seawater.  It  is  nt  liiinted  extent.  Iii-inu 
four  hiiinli'iMl  y.nds  loiijj  In  one  hiimlred  and  lifly  wide,  and  in  ordiiiiry  yens  the  |irndml  is  iwn 
liiimlied  ami  tiliv  tmis;   in  favor.ihle  seasons  it  li.is  iiseii  to  live  hiimlied  Inns. 

/'/,,  I'm  I  III'  l.ii  IliiUiiiiit. — The  dunes  ami  hills  on  the  «'asl  side  nf  .Saiit.i  Mnnica  it.iy  ••mitinnc 
north  wc^l  v\.lii|  sexiMi  m  ci;;lit  III  lies  In  a  limit  lift  ecu  miles  nmt  h  twenty  Iwn  de;,'rees  west  i  N.  --^  \\ .) 
from  I 'mi  I  N'lmenle.  where  there  is  a  iioticealilc  hiith  sand  diiiie  mi  the  smit  licin  Itnrder  of  a  lar;;e 
IftKiinii  i-.illi  i|  I.I  r.  illmia,  w  hich  lia>  its  oiith'l  near  llierc,  ,ind  niV  wliieli  there  iminei  1\  il.s7I)|ay 
li  lit;htei  lf>  winch  isphaltiini  was  shipped.  'I'lie  "  mesa,"  nr  lahlc  l.iiid,  lies  inside  these  dunes, 
and  when  seen  Irmn  the  westw.nil  shows  very  distinctly,  while  the  iimtlicri  ed:.;i'  ends  \  cry 
alililptly  111- II  the  l.lu'nnii.  Ketwccli  Ihe  la^^nmi  and  the  iiceaii  IS  a  ll.llliiw  sand-pit  twn  miles 
Ion;;,  riiniiiii-  tn  the  iinriliwesi  w.irl,  cmitiniimis  with  tin-  ;:eiici',il  direrimn  of  the  slimc  \\  the 
W)iilliciii  end  nf  this  satid  spit  tin-  waters  nf  the  li.illona  (!reek  formerly  einpticl.  .V  new  port  is 
ImIiii;  cmisirmted  at  this  italloiia  li.t;;ooii,  and  an  artificial  eiitr.ince  li.is  liceii  in  ide  pei  pcndiciilar 
to  the  lie  nil  ill  place  of  the  iiioiithof  the  creek.     Mehiiid  this  samlspit  is  the  harltor  proposed 


48 


I'Ain  If  ii*\-\    ni.oi. 


i 

H  f 


ti.h.'.lr.Ml;.'.'.l  cut.  .111.1  til.' •'Iiips  ;ir.'  |..  ,|i«.  Ii.ii -.•  .in.l  |..  I.m.I  .ilditf^i.! « li.itM'H.  on  \\\,.  ,■ 

r.nliii.nl  i^  I. nil  I'tiicf  in  I.oh  Aii^iiIis. 

Till-  low  nImht  .iliMii;  III.'  iVnh!  ..t  iliis  l.i-.M.ii  .•\|.inl>  iH'aily  two  iiikI  it  luilf  iiiilcs  to  tlic  n.i 
\\.->tw.inl.  "Mil  llif  >:"'iii.'l  iiMii-^.nll\  liiiiii  111.'  l.i«.M.?i.  I.iit   Ciiiiii;;  tin-  oi'.'.iii.  Willi  Nl«'.  I 
lien.'.' Mil.'  aii.l  .1  li.iir  Miil."<  l.>  III.'  aiin\.>  S.iiila   M..iii.'.i.  «  li.'iv  lli.>  iii.'Sii  is  rit'ht\  ll\.<  !.•. 
Till'  .irnnn  li.is  a  ii.iirau  ..|m'Iiui;;  ii|>i'M   Mm'  >'«■.»   l»':>''li.  ami   li.ii'  ">•  t.niiril  im  lis>  lliaii   In.  ., 
Iiiirll\  iiiarlx.'.l  .il.l  s.'a  I.'M'N. 

.s.r»i/.f   l/.iH(..iisa  small  xillaiif  "II   I'l.'  lal-l.    laii.l.  liH.'.ii  niil.'s  li.'iii  i'-iiiil   Nil ill.-,  ainl  : 

U«riiiiiiii-'.>rili.'  l..>-i  AiiL.'i'l.'>ati.l  lii.li'(M'ii.li'i IJnlnia.l   ifii.i'  t.i  i,.i.H  Aii;:.'l.'s.      Tli.'i..  wu.h  a  «!. , 

llv.'  Iiiiii.li.'.l  ami  i*.\.iit\  luf  l'.'.l   l.iMi;  iii.>i.'i'liii»;  .liiiTilv  rn.iii  llu'  la t'  llu-  MulV  iiit.i  |v>.  ' 

liiiii  li.'l  "if  wat.T.  lull  II  IS  ii'|i.irl.'il  as  Im'im;:  now   wlioll_\  iif«I.M'l»'<l.     Tin'  sI.miu.is  ii.>  Ion.-. 
lliJH  as  :i  \\.i\  I  •oil. 

Ti'lrs  lit  S'liilii  \/..ii..ii.  —  rii.'<'..ir.<'li'.l  INl.ililisliiii.'lit.oi  iiif.in  iliI.'M.il  Itflwccii  tin' tnii.' ..i 

miHin's  Iraiisit  ami  tin'  In I'  lii;:li  w.ittT,  is  I  \    !'."»•.    Tin'  iii.'an  rise  aii.l  fall  ol  ili>'  ii.l.'s  is  1..  ,i  . 

lilMf  It'lillis  r.'.l,  I'l    Npliii;;  llii.'s  ('i;;lit  li'd.  ami  ol   in'.t|>  Inl.'s  I  wo  .mil   Iw.i  Ictnhs  Icrt.     Tli.'  i  ■ 
.III  rat  ion  .iillic  iIo.mI  is  .".    IL"  .  ami  of  III.'  .I'l.  7    07  ' .  ami  ol  tin'  stain  I  <•'  .l'.»   .      Tin'  a\.'iai.'i'  .1  ■. 
.'111'.'  ol'  till-  lii>:lii'r  lii-li  ,111. 1  l.uMi  low   wal.'i^  .il  III.'  S.I  111.'  il.i>  w.i"  «!>>  'iml  lour  tfiitlis  ti-.'t,  .in.  I 
;:r.'al.'st  inn.'  t.'.'i. 

'1.1  timi  111.' tiiii.'s  aii.l  ln'i;;iils  ol    limli   .iml   j.iw  w.it.Ts.  .i|i|il>   I  li.'  I.illow  iii^j  I'oi  r.'.'ti.ni'^  1.. ' 
tilin's  ami  li.i;,'lils  tor  .S.iii  |)ii'i;.i  |.iililis|ic.l  .  m.Ii  \.ai  !•>  l  In'  <  'o-i>l  .in.l  ( if'.l.l  ic  •"siii  \  i'\  :    I'.ii  ! 
.if  li  lull  watii,  siil.ii.nl  .It' veil  miinil.-*.   loi  low  vv.it  rr.  nl.l  si\  iiiiiiilt.'^.      l''.'r  lii'iclil  ol  liii;li  »  .•■ 
adil  on.'  ami  t  w.>  t.iitiis  i..i  ;   for  l.iw  w.it.'r,  .nlil  oin'  .iml  l.'Hi  l.'iillis  tVct. 

I'l. nil    III.-   A  I  l.'\  .>  ."^.Ilit.l   Nlolili'.i    111   r.iilll    Illlllli'    III.'  ro.isl    liins    soiitll   -"IXlV    llllii'  ili'^lii  ^  ■'■ 

fS.  (i'.t    NV.;  I'.ir  i.iiiri.'.'ii  iiiilc.-'.     W.^i « .u.l  of  tin' arioso  tlir  i.iM.' I.iml  ii.iriow  s  \,.i  \  r.ipi'l  \ .  . 
Ill  li'.ss  III. Ill  two  iiiiio  til.'  Iii;ili  iiioiiiit.iin*  ol    till'  .sii.'ir.t  Saul. I  Moiiic.i,  wlmli  ii-arli  two  ili.in- 
li\.'  Iiiimli.'d  l.'.'t  .l.v  .iiioii.  i-oiii.'  .III.  I  1  !\  II I  ion  1  In'  oi'.  .in.  so  iliii  a  I  si'vcial  iioiiil-  no  lica.li  i-^  - 
Tin'  w  liol.'  I  loll  I  1 1  oil  t  .  it  1  III-,  str.'l.'li  ol  .nasi  iiiic  IS  111.11 1..  1 1  li,\  lii;;li  Mil  IN  .iinl  ilf.'p  .irid\i>..  » 
.'III  lliioiiuh  111.  111.      \t  on.'  |il.i<'t'  .iloii:;  ilii'  olioii'  wi'  loiiml  a  ro<'k\  |iio|i  .-Iniii  .ni  tin'  low  wat<  i 
III'  llir  lirai'l Ili|i.isi'i|  ,.|   uill  Miaik.'il  I'ollllnll.il    hi^.til. 

IuIIii'k  ,sl„ltii.      riii>  aiiclioi.ii.'.'  Iif>  .III   III!'  I'.isl  siili'  of  M.tia;;.!  i'.iiiit,  tln«  .nilv  low  |>..   r 
(lie  aliovi' (Icscrilii'il   lioM  .'oast  Im.'.  nun"  iiiili-s  wi'siw.ir.l  aloiii;  sliori'  rnnii   S.uila   Moiiiri  « 
iinl  Ni'\.'ii  iiiil.'N  I'.i^iwari'.lv  Iroiii   I'mnl    Oiiin.'.      I'li.' «U'|>lli  .il    w.ii.i  nil    --lioi.'   iin'i.'.isc-,  to  (■ 
lwinl\    i.iilioiii-..  .i\..i'  iimkI  ami  nr.ivi'l.  oin'  inilf  oiilMili'  tin'  iioinl. 

'I  III'  loialilv  .pI   liiis  .iiiflioraui'  is  rr'^ouiii"''!  •'>  lln'  well  in.iikr.l    i.'.l   ol    f.i.'ks  s|  n'l.liiii. 
slioii'  al  .1  point  li.ilt  .1  mill'  l.i  ihi'  wcstwiiril  ol  tin- am-lioiaci'.      Wln'ii  lar  ciioncli  oil  sliorr  l.>   • 
III.' inlciioi  rail;;.' ol  111. iiiiitaiiis  111  virw  ovrr  iliosi-ol  tln'  iiinm'tli.itc  I'oasi  inn'.  In  iii;;  Sa.l.il.-  \i'' 
aiii  lo  li.'ar  norili  li.ilt  i-.i.si    N.  \  i:.    m,!  ,i,.,.|  i,,|  n.      Tin^  .-..insi'  l.-aiL-i  lo  alHiiit  aipi.nln  .il  .  • 
I'a.s.  ol  till'  am-lioia^i  .      I  >iii  iii;;  tlif  picv  .ili-mt'  ol  \\i'sl<'rl\  w  imls  1 1  is  ail\  isaltlc  «  h.'li  appio  .■ 
Ilii.s  a'lclior.i;;.-  i.i  ki'i'p  soMifW  liai  lo  llir  I'.isi  uaril  in  onli'r  to  appioarli  .tml  select  a  I.erlli  » 
.s|iip">    III, 1. 1   t.,   till-  uesiM. nil.      Iliiii   III  until  tin- soiilliwestern  point   ol    tin- amlnn  .i-e  l>.-ii  > 
s.iiiiIiwi-n|  ^  W  .-sW  .    a  I II  lilt  on.' .  I  nailer  ol  a  mili-  ili^l.inl.  ami  aiielmr  in  li\  e  |o  n.-x  .-n    Litliom-.  . 
line  ;:r.i>  saml.     'riiei,.  is  - I  lio.it. I. imlmi;  .iml  uo.m1  .iml  w.uei  at  .ill  se.isi.ns. 

.■^.kMI.-   .Mount. nil  i>  III.- .-ast.  inmost  pe.ik  .ii'  a  l..tl\    .iinl   \m-II  <l.liin-il    .sail. II.'  in    tin-  il  -• 
iiioiinlaiii  tail;;.'. 

Ihniir  I'm;  .  —Tins  imlenl.ll  mii  of   Ilie  sjoire  line  ol  the  Sailla    M'lllle.l   li.is    lies  two  mill  ■>  •     ■ 

east  li\  II. mil  iNI-;.  I,\  N     'i,,,,,  i',,||||  II, I 

Kuiiii;;  a  M'ly  li.'.iN  \   lij.ov  fioiii  ill.-  iioi  1  h  w  .-.t  in  .M.ireli.  Is71.  \m<  were  convineetl   tli.il 
of  iniporl.ime  as  .1  li.iili.ir  ot    relu-i'  lor  \  e.-^i  U  m   liia\\   iioilliw.'st  w.'.iiher.     Tln-rewas   - 

"•"'■''  '"  ''" \''.  Ill''  wiml  I. lew  iiei,-,  |\  oil  >li.,n'  o\.'i  111.'  m-ek  of  I'mnl   lliiine.  .iml  sni.ill  \. 

f.iulil  lie  Willi. ml  .l.iii-er  or  .lis.'omion.     it  i,  -,hmI  |..r  all  wimls  fi.iiu  s,inil,Me>i.  \ve>.t.  mm: 

iiiiillieasi.     h  Ma.s  ire.pieiiiiN  iisi'.l  l.\  III last  siirM'Miii,'  seli. r  Hi,>„h„l,li  111  is.-.c.  ,iml  n; 

iipiiii  Cavoialils.  ami  that  a  ilepilml  in  .' lii  lioni- 1.1  iH-i-.irrie.l  .-l..^.'  iiiv|„,i,..      |t  li.i,  i,....: 

.lany.-rs,  ami  tln're  is  \ei\  liiil,.  kelp  .it   tlu'  ,im  li.ir.i;:.'.  Init  ili.'  k.-lp  slnml.l   l.e  aMinl.-.l   I.-- 
pi'i-ti'.l  links  liia\   .  \ist  anion;,'  it. 

i;.'lw,..ii  tli.-pniiit  ami  tlieain-lnir.ij,'e||n-slioi-e  is  iiiokIIv  while  t'lills  of  oiii>  iiiiinlreil  iiinl  i  '■ 
l.'.'t  .'l.'V.iiioii.  I.ioki'ii  l.\  sh.irp  arro.M.s.     Tin' an.'ln.i.i-e  is  alir.'a.st    Hie  foiiitli   iiinl  wnlesi    . 
lll.-i.le  the  point,  .111,1   II,   till,  an.iNo  ,1   Miiall    In.iis.'  ,unpaiiite.l)  w.us  vi.silile   Iroiii   Ili.'Will.r       I 


\  ll.ll  \  I'M,    DM     W  ll    ' 

,lir  inlirs  to  till'  < 

IT. Ill,    «  ll  ll    nII'I   I' 

.  i'i;:lil  \    ti\  r    !<■' 
III!  Ii'-'N    lti;ill    ll 

lint   \  ilMM'Ulr,  ill 'i  • 
't.      'riiiic  was  .1 
llir  l.liilV  into  l» 
.ti'.iiin  IS  U'>  Ion. 

tM'lwci'ii  itir  tllin 

III    till'   tllil'-  IS   til     ■     • 

flltlis  li't't.      Till'  •   ■ 
".      'I'lii'  ;iv  I'l;!;.'!'  'i 
iiir  li'iillis  tci't,  11  1 

ivitit;  riiiri'i'liiiii--  '> ' 
ii'l  jf  Sill  \  !•>  :   I'm  ' 
ir  ln'ij:lit  ol  liii:li  v  ,• 

M\tV  lllllf  ili';;li  1  ^    "■ 
now  s  \iM  \   I  .i|ii'l  \  . 
iirli  n-arli  I  "II  III'     ■ 

I  iminl-.  111!  Iirai'li  I  \  ~ 
aini  ilii'|i  aiiovi!-  " 
on  on  till-  !<'"  "  1''  I 

It,  till-  oiilv  low  !"■  '1' 
ni  S.uil.i  \liinir  \  ■*  ;  > 
.liiili'    llH'ir.isi'-.  to   I  •• 

lit    riM'k^  stri'iiliiii- 

•  inmuli  oil  >liorr  !'•  '" 
nil',  Uiiii;;  Sailiili'  \!" 
alMiiil  a  i|ii.ii  Iri  I'l    ' 
salili"  \N  lirii  a|i|iiii" 

II  scli'i't  a  lii'itli  \* 
III-  aniliniii^i'  I"  "  ■■ 

•  III  srxrii     l.ltlliilii-. 
isolis. 

ll     s.lilillr    III     till'    ll 

|l.i\   lii-s  I «!'  mill''  ' 


r iixinri  ll   lliil 

III  T.      riiiii'  "i^i    - 
I  iiiiiii-.  ami  ■<iii.ill  \ 

ItllWI'Nt.    VM"*I.   iioi ' 
iililt  III  |S.".ti.  .iinl   II  I 
.linli'.        ll    lias  llliiiil 

iilil  lie  a\  oiili'il   l«'^' 

if  iiiu'  iiiiiiiiii'il  ;iii'l  ' 
loni  III   ami  wnl'-l 
ill-    liolll    till'  watri        I 


-c^^ 


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Ssnia  .Mdiiin  \i mtiu  ii».  h•'lu^ 


Zi,       ,>-.-;> 


P'Mil  Mci^u,  W  N\V     '.•;.  njilr 


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S«nl«  Mdiiia  MiHriu.u>.  h.'ii<hl  ;J,:!iki  fri-l. 


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Sai'ta  Mfiih  :i  MouriiH  !i«,  il.llcii  fert 
I'""'!  1 ••    N  W    J  W  ,  la  1111  l»n. 


Ill 


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r<.iiil  I'liin.'.  S«iitia;;u  M i,,, 

K  j  N  .  i-j  mill's.       .'..nso  iv.pi, ::  ,,h 


San    I'l  .Iru    llill.     .-  ;lll  I -.1:1111 1,    !,  17'.   I,  1-t      !''  Illllr 


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:  rnf^u^^^n-^  ~!^»  v^'  -r  -5^35^. 


•af.l..   Mur.i..i     M  S,     ]:,t  1,1,1,.. 


I...  Hiil,.,„.i  M"  .1,;  ^.in  .M1I..11,,,,  s,,,  ,,.,l»i,l  l(,'».ii;.v   M;   I.\  K    .,.' ,„iI,-,.  ;p,'t;i:,  (,•.•!, 


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riiiiit  Munii.  \vN\v..  I'.i  II  ■.. 


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I'At  im    coani   i'ikh.  49 

O»floii  i<«  iilvi  iiiiirki-il  its  li,i\  III;;  triTH  in  it.  Tin  ii-  an-  no  saiul  iltiiU'S  to  tlio  woHt  ol'  it,  lint  NUiitl 
<liiiii*M  iiihlri  \\  lull-  ill  Us  III-  A  null-  III  till-  iMsi  v\aiil.  II  all'  w.iy  ln'twiTii  ilir  ciim-  ami  tin*  |Miiiit,  tin* 
kt^lp  Ntii'ii'lirs  mil  iH.iil.s  I  III  If  iiHiirtiTM  of  it  mill'  in  tiiK  faKlwariliili  ci'i-iiscs  t<>  tin'  uin-lniia;;!-,  iiitil 
tlitMi  Nlii'li'lirs  a>  a  n.iiiiiM  Ix'll  nnr  ami  a  liall'  tiiili's  in  tlir  imrtln-asi  waul.     Tin' am■llora^l■  is  in 

llv«Mir  M\  ratliiiiii^',  uiKiil  liiiliiiii;:  ;iiiiiiml  III    liiii- pi.iN  saml,  w  iili  tl Iiiiii|i  nl    liii's  in  lln>  imiihii 

lM*nriiit;  iinrlli  mulliwi'si  (NNW.)  ami  I'miit  hniin'  luaiin;;  .sniiilnvist  (S\V.).  I!<>at  lain'.in;;  may 
In)  uliosi'ii  at  ilisi'i'i'tmn  lirtwi'di  tin-  anrlinia:.'!' ami  tlic  |iiiiiit. 

Tlii'ii'  Imh  Iiii'ii  nn  tli'taili'il  li,\i|iii;;ra|>liir  siiivi'S  _\i«l  iniilriif  ii.lmt  tm  ■•iiini' vr.iis  ll  lias  lift-ii 
UMe«l  U\  M'.sHfis  lliat  liavi'  <'\|M'i'ii'm'i-il  its  aiUaiihr.,')  s  ami  tlnis  iili\  ialiil  IIm'  iicri'ssits  of  i  iiiinin;; 
lor  Siiii  I'l'ihii,  alii'iit  lliiitv  tlii'i'v  mill's  in  Irfwanl,  iimli'i  siii's-.nl'  iini'tiiwi'st  wi-atln'r.  ll  is  re- 
poi'tt'il  lliiit  on  till'  iiitii'i- siilc  of  till!  I.i'l|i  tinxai'ils  Point  liiiiiii'  lliric  an*  Miinkt'ii  lorks,  luit  noiii'  in 

tilt*  «'OM'. 

I'liliit  hlliin. — 'i'liis  piillit  llHi's  IliiiM  a  liiilil,  I'lirltS  lilillV  In  a  iluilii'  llUr  liiMit  two  lillllillril  ami 
two  ftH'l  aiioxi'  till-  ><M,  w  lull-  till'  l.ilnl  i  III 'iirill.it  I '!>  Iu'liiinl  1 1  tails  ,{\\,\\  mi  tli.il  in  malvlli;;  il.  iVolil 
tlio  wt'sl  w.inl  ll  ri>i"<  iiilo\ii'\v  as  an  i>laml  rlii>i'  iiinli  r  llir  lii^li  iiiniiiitaii'.s  nf  Saiila  Mniiica. 
{•Voiii  till' Iku   lurk  till' lalilr  laml  iiirii'aM's  III  height  \  riv  u'raihiall.N   l<>i  .ilmiit  I  uo  luijivs,  tjn'ii  i  isi'> 

Nliiir|M,\  til  an  I'li-v  at  lull  i>f  I  (V  >i  IiiiihIii'iI   ami  llll\   li'il.      Tin'  a|>|ii'ai  am I    t  In'  IhmiI  is  \  rr>  iiiiirli 

liko  tliat  iif  till'  liiail  III  I'liiiii  <  iiin  i'|iriiiii.  A  |i|>ioarliril  il.rrrll,\  IVum  siMwanl,  lln'  lirail  ma>  iiul 
ho  I'tskililv  ilisiiii^iiislii'il,  lii'i-aiisi-  il  IS  |ii'ii|i'('ii'il  nil  I  III'  tnoiiiiiaiii  lii'liiiiil  it ;  I  ml  il  jiii'si'iils  a  ilai  k 
ri'tlilUli  liliitV,  Willi  a  sji  III  lull'  alimii  a  iinli' liiii;;,  of  low,  liinki'ii,  w'liilc  rlitl's,  with  saiiii  iliincs 
iiiiiItT  tlii'iii.  lo  I  111' wi'si  wai'il,  ami  I'liri  Iht  wtst  liii-  liliill's  air  ;;ii'"'ii.  To  t!ii'  castwaril  llirii' arr 
hri^lit,  w  liitr  I'll  lis  for  two  mili-s.  i.i  I  in  mi'  Covi-.  ainl  thru  wlilii'  rlilVs,  with  saint  iliiiii's  iimli'r  tlit'iii, 
for  tini  N.iini' ilistami',  I'liiiln'i' io  tin'  rastwaiil  llii' liliitTs  art' ;;n'i'ii.  In  1H7I  it  was  iiiarki'il  hy 
It  liir(;i>  si;;nal-|)iili'  w  iili  a  Inishv  to|i,  ilfiiotiii;;  tin'  position  of  the  <  'oast  Snivi'y  Mtatioii.  wliirli  is  in 

l,;l|itilili' ill        III!       I''      I    11. mil 

1 iiiliiil'' Ii-        I"      •.'!     T   \M>st 

Or.  Ill  Ii T''     .■..'.'"    I:','    I 

Tin'  fomiMiti'il  iii,i:.'iii'lir  x.inalioii  tor  .l.iiiii.ii\ .  Is**."!,  is  II  .i,"i  I'.ist.  ami  it  incii'asi's  I'. .5 
uniiiiitlly. 

Froiii  I'oini   Oiiiiii'  wr  li.iM'  till'  toliowiii;,'  licai'in^'s  .iiiu  .l.stam'rs  to  iinpoitant  points: 

l.il'i.iiil   Niii.'iiif S.  i.T       I,  ■,'..,  iiiilis. 

I II  mil  lioi'.i^'i' iiir  .saiii.i  .Miiiiii  a    N,7.i      1'..  ■'.'>  mill's. 

I'll  rail  |miiil  111'  .Viiar.ip.i  Islaiiil .>>.  T.'i  \V.  •,'-  iiilli-s. 

To  I'l'iiil   Mii;;ii N.-.'i  U  .  II  mill's. 

Til  I'l'lllt    llllilii'lMi'   l.l;;lll  (  lint    IMliTN  Isllil.' 1    N.-':l  W  .  '.'■.'  Illlli'Ji. 

Till.  .sir.i:i;\  sania  momca. 

This  imiiiiii. nil  ill, nil  Ill's  III  I  ;.'i'iii'ral  imsI  nmilii'asi  ami  vm'si  soiiiliwi'st  ilirri'tioii  froiii  a  jioiiit 
h  'itt.le  iioilli  of  I. IIS  .\n^'i'ii's  aihl  ii'i  iiiiii.iti's  on  tin'  oii-.m  at  roiiit  .Mii;;ii,  liui  ri'-appcars  its  the 
IhIhiiiIs  of  Aiiai'.ip  I,  .Saiit.i  ( 'in/,  S  mi  i  Itnsa.  ami  S  m  \liu'iiri.     1 1  forms  tlio  nortli  ami  iiortliwcst 

harriiT  of  till' co.ist  ofSmt.i  M I'.i  ll,i\  ami  liir  iliiiiml.      It  is  .i  Imlil.  r.iu'iri'il  r.iiiu<'.  "  I'h  lorky 

iiitlMHPM  tilli'il  lip  ill  ail  snris  III  sli.ipcs,  ^:i\  in;;  a  w  iM,  ii  ri'iinlar  iTi'stliiii'.  avi'iaLrin;,'  ov  it  two  tlioii- 
sitiiil  fi'i'l  rli'\  aiioii,  ami  \  isilili'  far  to  si'awanl.  'I'lnTi'  is  Imt  oiir  pass  tlirou^'li  it  west  of  tlio 
Ciiliuiiii^a  I'lss.  iirar  I, us  An^i'li's.  Tin-  spurs  from  this  forhiililiiii,'  mass  iiiaki'  nut  at  ii;:lit  aii;;h'.s 
to  the  harklioin'.  Tiii'si'  aif  siiinotli,  at  lir- 1  iii'iijv  li\i'l,  ami  tiirii  slopi'  sliarpK  tow.inls  tin' 
ocenn,  wlii'ir  tlir.\  lui'.ik  oil'  in  pni'ipiious  ililVs.  |',i't  with  iIm'si'  spurs  aro  ili'»'|»,  iiariow,  ilaik 
goi'iri'.s  ami  raiiail.is. 

I'liiiil  l/i/«/».  — I'liitn  Point  l>iimi'  to  Point  Mnuu  tlm  lii'aiiiii,'  is  wrst  scvi'ii  (h'^ri't's  north 
(VV.  7  '  N.|  ,iml  till' ilis,.imi'  loin  hi'ii  mili's.  Point  Muuii  is  iln'  sea  mast  ifiiiiiiiaiion  of  the  wcst- 
orii  |»iirt  of  till'  .'■iii'ii.i  ^  nii.i  Monii'i,  ami  ipiiti'  |iroiiiim'iit,  lifi'.iiisi"  tlir  liroail.  low  valli'v  of  tho 
Saiitii  <'laia  IIimt  lii's  to  tin'  wrst  waul  of  it.  Tlic  hills  alioM' if  rise  to  oin'  thousaml  fri't  in  about 
oia<  mill',  whilst  llii>  loast  from  Point  Hiiiiii'  to  Point  Mu;;u  is  Itohl  ami  hi;;li,  rrachin;.'  ahoiit  two 
tliOllHaml  fi'i't  aliovi'  tin-  .sra  ami  iiit  In  ilaik  rjinailas.  Two  mill's  fast  of  Point  Mil;;!!  is  tin-  hi;;li- 
eat  Mitml  (liiiii'  on  tlic  Iowit  foast  ;   it  is  ahoiit  sixty  fi'i't   ahovi"  tin'  .si'a  ami  at  tlii'  lari'  of  a  vory 

bigli  lilntl.     It  r  III  111'  mail i  in  rli'iir  iiioonliu'lit  ni;rl"ls.     At  tin'  sliori'  line.  I'oiiit  .Mujrii  is  iiii 

irr(>K>iI:>i'  mass  of  im'taimnpliir     nnlstom'  in  sji.ua  imliniii;;  to  tin'  wi'stiiorthwcst,  with  an  osti- 
tnal  ll  <lip  of  iliiify  livi'  ili'^^rct's      Tln-ri'  is  ,i  Ino.nl.  ilark  siiaiiim  jiist  almvc  tin.'  lower  and  wiilor 
17l>.|1  1'  ,' 1 


i 


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",()  I'ACll'K      (  i'\sr    I'll. III'. 

stn.tuMi  ..r  1,M,1  coloivil  nwU.  In  ,.  I..-  a  x.wmI  .K^r  mim.ii  it  im  Jn  r-M'lils  a>.vii;ni.  Imt  i-usit,.,, 
l.Vtlnsi..rilli,iiil\.  Kiom  I'.mit  Mu-il  ^^.•  lii\r  th,'  ImHuuim-  lM■..rMl-^  .ni.l  .li>l.iiir.  >  t..  iinpoi  ;.„it 
iioints: 

loin  I  1  'iMiii-     • 

IN. ,1.1   llu.  I..1H.-  I.:-l.l  :..%,.,  Mhl.ll.'  l'..il.ti ^'^  ■-     ^^  "J  ""I'-"' 

i:.,M.-n.lH    An,,,.,,...  M.n,.l ^-  ''"     ^^  K.'nul-H. 

S,iiil;l  M.uih'i   l',.iv  ^^.ls  ,l|..,v,MT.',|  h>  Cil.i  ill.,  on  t  lip  SllMif  OcIoIht.  L".  IJ.  .lllrl   l.';i\  in;l  S..;,t., 

Ciit.iliiia  M.iii.i.     I'.'iii'l.oMx-:  ••  Tills  l..i>  is  a ......I  p-.it.aii.l  tin- .-..11111  rv  isi: I.  «illi  tiiaii\  \all.  >« 

aii.l  i.l,iiii>  a  1.1  tiv.s."    II..  .-..asif.!  .iloiiu  il  i>atl  ..llu..  .|,i\  s.  ..u.l  11.1111..I  11  ili.'  Hah  1.1  .!.•  I..s  Ki,-,  ,,s. 

•'on  ai'i'i'Mlit  ..f   till'  11 1'llis  slii..i.f-  wlllili    ill.';    s;iu  ■■  ..||  -h r|...||    I.  a\  111-   II    he  IcIiTs   .       • 

as   Pu.'ll..  ill'    I..S    I'll. Tins. 

Oil  111.,  '.till  ..t  •>,■!.. 1". -I .  ]."ilJ,  I'al.iill..  .111.  li..i.-.|  'M  'lie  i.iru.'  I II N't  milI.t  l'..iiil  Mm -11.  acc.i.!  n^- 

to  I-'cinlo's  .u- It.      Ill  Ins  iianaljx.'  In-  ;,'i\.s  lli.'  »oi.|  ••  Mii.'ii"  as  lii.'  Iii-liaii  nam.,  nl  a  mT    :, 

lH'l\v>.fii  San  l!u.'iia\.iitiiiM  and  .S.uita  I'.arl.aia.  Thf  Spanisli  ••  Miij,'ii."  iiowi-vci.  v.i\  ..; 
(l.'s.'i'iln'S  I  li.'  [....III. 

( »ii  III.'  ihai  1  .'I'  Vi/(Miii.)  it  is  the  (Iran    laisciiaila. 

/'/..71  Pi'inl    !/"■'     '.  Sill  /;,'(» (cn-Mi'inif.  ilista.'t  s.'V  .iili'.'ii  null's,  llicciasi  has  a  .'.iii'lal  I;.' 
ii..rlli".'st  !.\  i,,.i  ill     \  \\  .  l.\   N,  .  l.iit  in!.lwa>   il  lias  ,  111  \.'.!  m..  .111. 1  .1  hall  iiuUvs  1..  iji..  s.iiillnv,  -• 
wanl  ..f  this  r,.iiis..  i..u  ir.U  .VnaiMpi   Isl.in.l,  thus  .■.mii  i.iiii-    Ih.'  .Msinii   iiilianc.'  ..1  tlii...i;  ■  ! 
the  S.mta   IVirhara  Cliann.  1  t  .  a  wi.llli  of  tin  an. I  a  hall'  niihs  IvIw.tii    I'.. ml    iln.n.Miic  an. I  IIm 
casi  .  u.l  ..r   Viia.v.|i.i  Islan.l.      This  sli.iM  s||-,-lcli  ..I'r.i.isi   is  ],.«.  il  il.  ami  san.lv .  Ilmii^  I  he  o|.(  i,.'ij 
of  til.-  i-\;i-nsivc  \alli'\  ol   Sinia  I'laia.  ilii-..n„'h  wln.-h  Ih.ws  tin-  S.mt.i  Claia  i,'iM-r.     'I'liis  ii\.  ■    . 
s.iiiK-t  inn's  ni'ailv  ill  \  iliiriii;,'  tin-  sii  nni.-i'.  ami  ti-rniinatt-s  m  I  a;;.  ...lis  ,iii.l  niai  sh.-s ;   l.iii  n.  th.-  1  .--n 
si-.isiin  a  \  ,ilii:n..  ..1   w.iii-i   is  l.iii.i_'li;    .h.uii,  lia\;iu'    siilli.-i.-ii!    li'i.-.-   1..  l.r. -aU    tlii'.M;-li  the   naii-''-. 
s.iii.l  l..'a.-h  ami  iL.u   into  th.'  .m-.-iii.      On  ih.-  li.-a.l  uatcis  ,,t  the  S.'iM  Clara  ami  tin-  .\ir..\..  ■- 
i-\li'nsi\i'  |i('tii.li'iiiii  «i-l!s  lia\.-  1 ;i  ..|.''ni-.i. 

S(iiiiiillii'i\  i-if  I'niiit  fhiiiii  iiii'l  l\'i'it  \lii;iii. — 'I'Im-  watt'i-  is\ci\  It.il.l  aloii;^  tin*  line  nf  .  ....-■ 
tV.nn  I'liint  hnni.-  I.i>v  inls  ih.-  S.ini.i  I'.  11  l.iia  ( 'h  iiiih'1,  Ihc  Iwi'iilv  r.ilh.iin  riirvi-  .i\ .  ia;.'iii^  -i.- 
niil.- oil   sh.ii.-   ami   ill.-   lMit.\  tall t^^.>   inil.-s  ..Il    shnr.-.  i'\.-.-|)l    al    I'. mil    I  >iiim-.  w  In-ir  tli.-\    ij' 

jiro.n-li  ncanT  11.  ill.' (  lilVs.      I-'m  a     listam-f  of  mm-    niil.-s  w.-siuai.l    Iikih  I'oint   1 111111.-  Ilo- i-iin  ■  • 
of  ('.|iial  il.'i'th  ;nii  \.-iv  ii'unlai  ly,  Init  tr.'mlinu  Inilln'r  oil   shoi.'  tcw.n.ls  j'l.ini   \Iii;.'.i       Th.'  I  1. 
.!i.-.l  latlmni  .11! '. .-   is   r.-a.-lii-.l  \«  ilhin   .m.-   ami    ..ii.   .{ii.iii.-r   ii.il.-s  ..i)    l'..!iii  hnnit'.  ami  iiini-  in   .- 
West  ol'  liiinic  il  is  iiiin  iiuh  s  ..l'   slioi.'.      Tin-   I'.nir   hiimlii'.l  lalli.'in  I'lr    r.  Ii.hm'MI-,  inns  |i.ii  .    , 
v\  i(li  the  sli.iii-  «  ilhiii   these  limits  unilal    a  ilislani-e  of  ti\  e    inil.-s  l'i..in  il .  slmwin.:  th.-  In.tl..'     ; 
lia\  e  a  iii'.ii-  u!  a.lii.il  sl.)|.e  oiV  I'.. ml    Dunn'  .unit..   I.i-i-.inn-  sI.-.|m>i  a>r..iiil   ^Ill;;ll  is  .i|i|ii.>a.  i.  ■' 
w  111!  si  a  .l.-|.!li  .it   livi'  liii!i.|r.-.|  i.itli.inis  |,  h.ii  .li.taiin-.l  iiniil  a  .iisi.iii.-.-  ol    lil'l.-.n  miles  ni)   sh...'.    • 
rea<-li(  .1. 

H. -v. .11.1  iln-se  liniiis,  m-   lieiiinniii^'  .11  a  p.. nil  I.. 111    inih-s  i..  ih.'  .-a^lu.ii.l   ot'  I'mnl   Mn_n   1 

iliem-i'  to  ill.'  .'asii  rii  Imiil  ol'  tin'  Sania  r..iil..iia  t'haniiel,  ih  -  l.nii'-  i.  In ni.-s  \eiv  irn';;iilai    . 

Ne\  rial  siil.iil.ll  llie  \  allev  s  of  ^re.it  .lc|itl|s  li.i\-.«  lii'i'ii   tl  ,li-"'.l  >  1 il|>  1. 1  tin"  .slime  line.       |-'i\  e  n     •  ■ 

(ioiltlieast  fi..-ii   I'oint  Mn^n  I  li.  i.-  is  .1  .|.lai-li'-il  I. .ink  «ilh    |..il>  se\  en  f.illi.Miis  .il    «alei  o\.i  ■  '  0 
ami  lir>.K.-n  s!,,||s.  h  i\  m^f  .m    n.  .1  ..!'  1  u..  si|ii.iie   miles  vMihrn  tin-   lilt.\  latlnnii  i-iii  \ .-.      I'lo  .1.  ,  • 
III.  I'-asi  s  i,i|,|,i|\  III  t.. Ill    uiiii.l;.-.l   I.iih..ais   uiiliiiinm-   in  le  t.>  the  s.nitln*  .iril,  ami  liel  ween  I!    . 
til.-  sjii.ii.  ihi-i,.  Is  .1  ,|e|ih  li.iin  s|v,i-,   ii.  line  hnn.in-il  t.iil is. 

l.iiiiiiiiii  I'niiit  ,111,1  Ml, I, II     /'"iiii.  —  Inline. Ii.iii-lv   "i's|  nf  r.iiiii    Mn;:i!  a   Inw.  iiain.u- saml  -■ 
I  nils  till  a  nil..-  ami  a  i|n.u  1.  1  el.ise  iiml.-i  th.  Ims.-  ..f  i  h.   i...  k  \  .-.ii  s  e,  .in.l  onl\  t\\  <■  lni'i.lieil  \  . 
ft. nil    1.  1.1  III.-  niiii.u   i,i..ii!li  ..I    III.'  nioili-iat.-lv  lar;;e,  11  i.'ijiil.ii  sli.ial  .Mii;.:ii  l.i^'iiiia.  wlinh  . 
mill's  Imiu  .in. 1  li.-s  jiisi  insi.l,- ih.- sun.l    l.e.ii-li.     W'.-i    ..|   ih.'  n.iriow  eiili an.  i-,  ,1-"  sami  s|.i; 
I  iniii's  aiii.thei    mile  aiiil   a  .|iLiii.-r  .in. I   ili.-n   w  i.l.'iis.  wiih   s.m.l  .Inni-.s   ..n    lli.- se,i«  anl   .siil. 
inaish  ..n  the  inm-i  snl...     'I'l,,.  eastei  i:  beml   of  th's    wi.it-niir^    is   i-alle.l    Lmiiinn    I'miit.  Iwn  u      - 
\\i'>l  li.iin  I 'ill  III   Mil,' II.      A I  tills  widen  in-.;,  the  ln-.i.-h  |.iish.-s  milw  anl  ..v  e|-  half  ,1  mile  lot   I  vs.. 
•>  Il  ill    liill.s.   r.ii  iiilliL,'    a    |..-.\.  |..lll|i|in;:    elll\e    e.iH.-.l      Mul'lli     /'..Id/,  I  11  I  .-i'    .ill. I, ill. lit    miles  Wis     ,.; 
l'..inl    Mil;.'ll.      Sleainels  |..iss  i|mte   close    .iloiiu'    this    s|i..i.-    .is    lli.v    liml    live    f  it  In.ln  s  h.ilf  a  r     • 
from  the  lieaeli  ami  len  falhoins  al  a  mile. 

1  loin  .Ml.  1.11 1-  I'm II I  til.-  I '.II 111  I  In. 'Ill- nil-  la-.; hi  lieai  s  imith  seSentN  mn-  ilej^iecs  \>e.s|  i  N.  71  V,  . 
(li.stant  loin  ami  lliiee  i|ii,iiiirs  nih-s. 

•  >naiieeiit  nia|i  of  ( 'alit'oinia  tln-ie  is  loealeil  a   town  ealleil    I'mt   Wanlell  at  this  point.  '1! 

Ho  SlU-li  Jimt   e\|.sls. 


'^' 


;ci'rt;iiii  ln'i'  j)()sii  .„, 
si;iiuT.s  ti>  iiinioriiui 

it     inll.". 

-t,.Hl.-. 

I     1.1,1.- 

.  aliri   l.-.i\  in;;  >.    t.i 

,i|.  Willi  iii.iin  v.il  i    « 

iSulil.i  lit'  I"-*  I'l       -. 

,  in;:  It   llf  li'li'l-         ' 

nil!  Mn^rii.  uccori!   ^: 

i.in  ii.inic  lit'  :i  \  il'    .. 

liii\M'\  el .   vcl  \       • ;', 


1  li.is  .1  _'i'lifl'.il  1 ; '  '-n\ 
lies  to  till'  soiltli  ^^ '  •' 
iiiti  .mil'  iir  ttiiii.i'  "t 
III  1 1  iniii'iiir  .mil  til. 
ly.  Iti'in^  till-  oiiii.  ij 
l.'ivcr.     Tlii'*  ii\' 

lli'>  ;    lull    III   till'   I 

,    I  liliil.^ll    till-    nil     '  ■ 
.111. I   till'  .\lln\M  > 

loMj;  till'   liiii'  i»r  1  ..1-' 
rni\  I-  .i\  I  i.i;.'iiiu     ''■•■ 

I  (iiliii-.   \\  IliTl'  lIli'V     i;' 
'mill    I  »iiin.-  till'  I'll  i  ■  > 
iiillt    Mll;.'M         1  li  '  1 
I  iiiiiii',  anil  liinr  n:   '  ■ 
li.mi'V  I  r.  nin-  p.ii  >    ■ 
-li.iu  :n^  ill.'  11. i; I ..      ■ 
Mii;;ii  !■•  .t|i|irii.n  i.    ' 
I'tri'll  inilt'.-i  (ilV  sliii: .     - 

il  lit'  I'. lint  Mii;jii   I 

iii<  \  II  s    irii';:iil.n    ■ 
>ll..|i'  lilir,       l'|\i-  II     •  • 
nils  III    «  .itrl    ii\  rl    ■     I 
nun  ini  \  r.       Tin   .1. 
111.  .itnl  liil  '<N  ri-n  il 

|ii«  .  ii.il  in«   saml 
nl\   Ij^  r  liinnli  >•<[  ■ 
1  l.i^iina.  w  lilili  I  - 
iln  I',  il"  >«.mil  s|iit  ' 

till'  >iM\v  .nil    .siili 
ininiiii    I'liinl.  tWii  n 
li.ill   ,1  null'  t'nr  {»•< 
ml  .1  li.ilt    null's  «!•>:  ni 
\i'  I'ltliiiin^  h.ilt   a  !'   !'■ 


'>;li'fs  \M'>t  (  N.  71     \' 
.iiili'il  lit  tins  luniil,  lull 


^^ 


NW.JN.,  li  mil.'-      N\V    l>v  N    .N     :tiuil.-H. 
Siiiul  li.  ;lil 


>   ■ 


J 


^^MM 


} 


irJ^lL 


I  .1  ,I..v;l   l'.-»;     \.:,lVi  fiTt 


\ 


Bri^'l.t  Ch 


/'■''     , 


I'liilil   lllnliiMm-  lijil'tliHiiw. 
N\V    In  \S   i  W    111,  inil.M. 


IowiikIh  I  'ti\  i>'t;t  MimiiiIhiii.  ti'i  iiiili'N. 


-,'^afK— ««?i- 


C.llliju    I'lMk, 
:l.'!ll    l.rt    llli:ll 


S.lllll  llllllr^  III   Mlllllli'   I'. 


"V-^-.-., 


•/ 


f^-^ -,i»*- *T!^  S  .  ^4.*7Ei 


^'"■"'Y,.  ->":' 


yT 


Bri^'lit  ('lids.  Syciiliioic  CiiiiiiTi. 


High  Nanil  (liini'>. 


,.'-'     --^- 


l'i>iiit  l-jmnnii. 


tililHiii.  (I'l  iiiilrH. 


Smila  Hiirliiir.i,  W.  li,  \.  ;  N  .  in  mlli's 


\ 


X 


ml  diiiir.,  ,it  MiiMli'  V- 


Piiiiil  Mii^iii.  K.  JS..  .1  iiiilc,') 


<r 


friff   ,*""•  ^  ^^^ 


J 


i    -g) 


I'Aciric  COAST  I'li.or. 


•  1 


Till-  MiKjv  SiihiiKinnr  Vnlliii.—'l'wn  iiiilr  ;  to  ilrr  wistw.inl  ol'  Point  Mii«ii,  in  (lie  small  san(l> 
tti^Iit  iiorlli    iiiil  .M-t  ..I'  I'oiiil   L.i-iMi.i.  :iii<l  oiH'   anil  a    i|n.iilri'   miles  w.'M   of  tin' .■ntiancc  to  tli.' 

Mii"-ii  l.a-ima,  is  tin-  liiMil  of  a  i\>'v\).  nuriow  siihinfninr  idlliii.  willi  a  ilt'|>tli  of  twenty  tour  tail i-i 

oiio'tlilr<l'^>r  a  milr  Ir.mi  lli.'  ImmcIi.  A  .l.'|iili  of  two  Inimlrr.l  lallioms  is  founil  within  oiii-  ami  a 
•  inartcr  mil.'s  of  the  lnMrli,  an.l  tin"  wnllli  liclw.'cn  tin'  t  wo  linnilii'.i  latliotn  fiir\  cs  is  Ifss  than 
onf<|iiait.'r  of  a  nulf.  I'his  snlimaiini'  valley  inns  east  southeast  nearly  paialh'l  with  the  shoiv 
for  one  mile,  then  tnins  sli;ir|ily  to  the  sonthwanl.  ami  lliewiilih  ^cinlnally  increases  to  ma' ami  a 
half  miles  three  mil-s  tVom  shore,  .lirectly  sonlh  of  I'oint  Mn-n.  Tin'  other  enives  <onfoiin  m-n- 
enilly  to  the  shape  ot  the  two  hnndiedlathom  eni\e.  'I'he  litly  f.ithom  eiiiv.'  is  distant  bat  two 
thiiiis  of  A  mile  from  the  hi^aeh  at  the  liea<l  of  Ihi-  snlanarine  valley,  ami  on  either  si.le  of  it  rnns 
i)ntonea!nl  a  half  lo  t  uo  nnles  fnrlher.  The  sides  of  the  valley  are  very  steep.  No  .litl'erenee  in 
tlii>  eharaeter  ot  theliotlom  fiom  the  snrronndin--  plate, in  Ins  lieeii  de\  eloped,  all  the  speeimens 
I'Olisistinir  of  mild  .ind  s.iml. 

I.iujmui  .l((r//.oi«//.— The  he. id  of  the  snlmi.inne  valley  lietueeii  I'oint  Mii;,oi  and  I,a;;iiiia 
Point  swiiifjs  III  l.ehiiid,  or  to  the  iioilli  ol.  .1  niodeial.  1>  shoal  p.iicli  of  limiled  exieiil  makin<,'  out 

perhaps  till pi, liters  of  a   mile  e.istsontlieast  ^  MSi:. )  from    !,a;iiiiia    Point.     On  this  jiatcli  the 

const  steamers  report  excellent  shelter  in  lie,i\  y  noitliwesi  winds  wiien  the>  cannot  lie  at  line- 
nciiic.  rhe>  ,imhor  III  fioiii  si\  lo 'liirtreii  t.ii homs.  Inii  it  is  not  eass  to  pick  np  the  anchoraj;e, 
iHJCtUl.se  there  is  deeper  water  between  It  and  the  lieach  to  the  west  northwesl  (WNW.)  of  it. 

'I'll,,  leas if  this  ipiicl   spot    is  that   a   second  submarine    valle,\   heads   in    towards    .Middle 

Point,  \^  hicli  is  line  and  one  half  miles  to  the  we>i. 

Till  Miililli  I'liiiil  Siilniiiiriin  \', 1(1,1/  One  mile  south  of  Middle  Point  is  the  head  ipf  another 
submarine  valley,  where  the  t  weiily,  tifl>  .  one  hiindii'd.  and  I  w  o  hundred  f.itlioiii  curves  run  in 
.si|Uiuely  tow, lid-   llir  slmie  about  one  ,iiid   ,i  half  miles    further  than  the  ;;eneral  depths,  with  iiti 

avcriiK''  \^  "1th  ol   tl pi.iiieis  ol  ;i   mile  between   the  one   hundred  fathom  curves.     Thefort\- 

fathoin  I'lirv.'  is  oiil.v  a  mil.'  Iiom  the  beach.  This  siib'uarine  v.ilh'y  irives  smooth  water  to  the 
lagiiiia  amhoia.:!'  iiiidci  Point  l.aunna. 

roiN  r   iiikni;mi-..» 

This  point  lies  north  .seveiil.x  t'oiir  deuiees  west  (X.  71  W'.i  forty  seven  miles  fnun  Point  Vill- 
cento  ami  ei',dit  and  a  ipiai  t«'r  miles  west  b\  north  i  \\  .  by  N.|  tnmi  Point  Mii-ii.  With  .\nacapa 
Island  it  Icnnis  tie-  cMsiern  entr.ince  to  tJie  Smita  I'.arbara  Ch.inml,  dcs.  ribed  p,i;:c  ."i.;.  It  is  Ion;;, 
rouudili;;,  low.  and  .s,ind,\.  ,iiid  Is  the  most  pio|eilii,--  point  in  tin'  sweep  of  the  low  lamis  of  the 
Saiilii  t'l.ir.i  \  ,ill'\.  ll,i\inu  no  Inuli  b,ick^roiiiid  ol'  lulls  it  is  in  striking'  contrast  «ii!i  the  other 
parts  of  the  ch, mil.  I.  so  th, II  lu  h.i,'.>  .a  lliiik  wealliir  \-esseis  must  b.- car.'fiil  not  to  appioach  it 
very  <;losel>  iiiilil  a  steam  "histle  is  a.lded  to  Ilii'  li-lit  h.-nse.  .\t  present  it  is  reco;,'ni/eil  in 
I'aviuable  W(  athei   b\   the  li-lil  hoiis.'   ami  \<\  i\\v   l,ti;:e  wareli.ni,-    s  ami   dwelling's  ailjaceiit  to  the 

wiiaif,  and  als.i  b\   lai;;c    iilisscs  ol    tie.'s    p!,inteii    ,il i;;    Ih.'   dw.llin;;s.      There   .tie   (December, 

IHHl)  tlllee  hilui'  \NarehoUsis  on  the  beach   abreast  tin'  "li.irl'. 

Tiu'  best  l.iii.lin^'  on  the  beach  is  diicell.v  ini  the  |Miinl  :  in  the  biulit  I.'  the  eastwar.l  and  lee- 
ward it  is  impi.i.iicil.lc,  bill  the  wliait,  n.iw  siamhii;;  ,se\eii  Inimlicd  ami  sixty  li\i'  yanls  to  the 
e.istwaiil  of  the  point ,  atVoiils  o,„„|  landing  tacililns.  This  uhait  is  two  liiimlii'd  and  ei;;hty 
\ards  hni;:.  toiiri.'cn  leet  abo\.'  hi;;h  w.iier.  ami  is  built  out  from  a  phcof  fast  l.iiid  betueen  two 
inarHlifs.  portwo  hnnon'.l  ,iml  lllly  \  ants  it  .•M.n.ls  s,piaie  oiii  tromthe  slnat'.  then  fnun  an 
elliow  it  runs  I  hill  \  ,\  arils  I'm  I  her,  tremliii;;  t.i  the  sunt  h  w  .'st  \n  ar.l.  ami  lia\  iiiu  I  «ent,\  I  lirc(«  Let 
ol  wat(  1  at  lis  e\treni  ly.  This  elbow  was  biiili  to  enable  vessels  to  li.'  more  i'oml'.iilabl.\  at  the 
wharf,  a.^  a  l.n-.ii  e.M>  cniiei.t  was  tniin.l  luiiiiinu  to  the  .'.istwai.l  from  Point  llueiieme,  but  im.re 
('spi'ciallv  bi'.'.iuse  t 'le  sw  1  II  w  .iiihl  sliiki'  l  h.'  u  li.i  i  I'  till  1  \  on.  nil.  N'essels  lie  .m  the  southeast 
side  so  as  II  ol  lo  .hate  on  I  li.'  w  hai  I.  and  «  hen  a  lic,i\  \  >\\  ell  c.uues  up  i  Iic_\  haul  out  t.i  .me  or 
other  ol   the  I. air  hea\.\   in. mi  in;;  buo\s. 

Tin-  sand  .liiiii'sw.st  ol'  the  point  lorin  a  \er>  ilicary  slnui- line  that  is  white  and  iiicon- 
Ml»i(rlll>Us  III  ,1   I'ou.       We   have   eNpelieli.'.'il    a  1. 11.;.'    swell    tlom    the    southwest    .Ul    t  his  beai'll  when 

•Siiiin'liii.fi  'p.'  i.-.|  ■•  liiiiiH'iin-,"  Hi. I  s.ii.l  I,,  I.,-  1  ill'  iiiiiii'  ol'  :i  ;;i.- 11  IihIiuii  .  Iiii'I'  I'eiiii.i  i\  III  lliis  r.';;i.iii.  In  l-l:t 
ln>  is  r.'lMMii.l  I.'  \ui\f  i  11  till. Ill .'il  111.'  111. 11. 'Ills  us  l.ir  j,  lli.'  IliI  i  |..  j.im  liiiii  in  n  siir.'i'S'<riil  ;ill:k.li  niimi  ill.'  Mi.ssi.in  .1" 
Sun  Itiii'inivi'iitin!!,  "  Inn  iill  111!'  |iri.'il<  wi'O'  iiiTixs^e  !•  .1       Ii    i^  .Liiliilrns  un    Imlian   iiiiiin'.      I'.'ir.'l.i  i  l,M".'>  mivs  lliat 

tin.  iiiilivi'..  .Mil  111.'  rliiisliaiis    l'ii.|iiniiiiii'.  »  tirii..'   Itii^'i rii.n   |iis^il.l>  1..' d.'i  iv.'il  ;   I'lil  il  I'luy  ii.H  Ikivc  ri'l'.'rr.'il 

t«  the  iliwiiv.  1. 1's      ('■i'>n'ri»  Hiii'ii."  1 17,11 1  iiiiiiii's  il   I'nntu  ilf  In  (  hhitiiu/h. 


} 


i 

J 


K't 


52 


|\(11IC    niA-l     I'll.iT. 


tl.nv  w.is  v.-rv  litllr  suif  ..l  Il.r  \n1,:uI.     a   h;;!.!  mnlluMM  :...  m Iini.s  .Iimws  ..i,i  ,,i   i|,.  ^ 

DVIT  llir  >-«':l  iinil  Kfl'|is  till'  loi;  . •III.  ,  ,       ,  ,      . ,         .■ 

Nr.Mhr    hr.i.l   nf  ll.o  «ImiI    llu'tv   IS   ,111    illt-'SMli  «rll    on..   IiiiimIi-.m!    .iimI    IiIIn    l.rt  ,lf.|, 
tlimwsa.Mi.Mii.  ..^s.^-•>l;ln.l..  lii.ll  inclirs  umIummI.-m  wrnlN  r..iir  IV.t  ;.l...v..  Ilir  mm  !,..■...     M 
I,,,,,,,,,  ,„„,    „.;„,„i-,,..,,:i,..l    p.o.l>   ...•    I.n.l.a    li.rr.  .UMl    a    ;;iv;,l    -l.-a!    -I    pi...!,,...,.    ^1„,.|.. 
lMM.n..rs,.u.lr...,,s|in-MiM,n.Ts.     In  l-ml,.    ,..,|,>,lali.M.  «,.s   ISC,  «,!l,   ..ImmU  |,.,tv   ho,,.. 


8( 

it  is  •:;i<i\viiiLr  iijiiiilv. 


I  11,111  11'  1    r    \  r  I'i'iN  1   in  r.M.MK. 


TIm.  l.uil,iini:-..in'  .Mri,-,1  on   ,  -li^lil  .•l<-vaiioii.  onl\  v^■U  or  t.i,  ir.-i    iI.omIIi-  ^.■■i  lr\..l. 
iioar  llir  .MiviMiiN  of  !l'.'   lou    san.l   1".imi.  uiili   iiiar>li.-N  l>.'liui.i    il,      rin-  lu^.r  iisrs  fiuM, 

xvootirll    i.ollM.,  \\ln,•iM^|^UIII.•.i  ;.    Imllt   Ul.ll.  ail.l    lloMl    s.-awi.,!    s|,ovvs    x.T>    «.ll   « lim     |..o„ 

on  tlM-l.a/.v  lu.-k-ion.Ml  of  fl,..   ,l>ian!  liilN.     Tlir   lijit    «.is    liiM    .  xIuI.ii.mI    in  I^TI.an.l 

lYoin  >nn-H  losnnii--'.     Ii  i-  a  s.-a  roast   li-lil  of  tli.'  loiirili  oi.lri  ol   tli.>  svsiri I'lvMn  : 

shows  a  n.ir.1  n.l  li;iht.     li  illimiiiiali's  tl iiiiiv  li.>ii/..ii.  ami  th.'  to.al  i^lai..'  is  .•!c\alr,|  tin 

f.rl  al>o\f  the  nu'aii  li'\<'l  of  tli.'  s.m.  so  that  in  favoralih-  <'onili;ioii>  ..I   th.    al  ino>i,li.tv  il  - 
he  \ i.-iiilc  fiuni  a  hci,L:ht  of — 

ll'    111    I    .tl..)W'    til.      "i'M    ."l    il    lll.«lillll  !•    l>f     l-.l     llllU-". 
•.'II  f.  .1    .lll.-M>   llfi'    "ll  Ul   a  lll'lllll'-'   of    11.''  Mill'"'. 

■.Ill  t..-i  .il...\f  ,li.'  w.i  III  il  .li-.tiii.' .'  lit  1 1  -  mil.  - 

Till'  tri'0}:i'!M'hicai  iio-itioii.  as  .li'tcriiiKird  l«y  thf  CiKist  and  ("n'mlrlii;  Siirvt  \,  is— 


:'.!      II"     lu;    1  11. Till 
11.1      1-.'     :!!    I  "".I. 


l.alllli.l. •• 

I,i>in;iliuli- ,...•• 

'il.intliil.     ""  ■         • 

The  foiiiitutc'l   nia-ii.'lif  \ariati.iii   is    It     .V.    f.isl    toi    .laniiai> .  l.sv".,  \Mt  li  .i    ,\fail\   inm 

of  I  .:'.. 

Fniiii  this  li;;hl  wr  iiavc  tin-  i.illowiii;;  Iciirili};''  ainl  ili>taiiii'>  of  |.ioiiiiiiriit  oliiiris: 

I'.iii.I  Mil  M.    .n.l  Ml.l.li.-  l'ii:l.t  .lll.i  I'.MIil  l.ciyilliii        ^     ■"         '  -,-  MllliH 

l'..ii.i  \  iiMfiii.' -    :i  1  i;    iiult-.. 

K.iM  .  i,.l  ..fAiniaiii  l-liiii't .-    ■-•'  \\  II     "111"". 

l',.iiil  I    iv.-iii.  Ni.illiwiT.1  r.'iiit.  >iii.l.i Cm/  lililli'l •"    •''•'  \^  1-.  iMiU's. 

r.'ii.l  |liiii.aMiitiii:i,  iii'iiilli '<!' rn<r .  N.  I"  \^  '■'     iiiili-«. 

S.iiUii  Uiiiliiira  l.!i;lit.|i.>ii..    ,-•  N"'  ^^  ■'"    ■I'll'"'. 

|'..int  r,,i,.  .  !•.  ,M.    |.i^tit-li..iis.- .  N.  -T.  \\  ....  M,,'.. 

Titlfs. W  I'oini  llui'in-iiii- till' avra::!' lime  "I  hi-ii  \\.iti-i- aft.  i  ili.'  moon's  nnii.li.iii  p. 

is  ft''  '-'7'"  :   I  111'  av  iia^i'  I  !•-'■  .  it'  I  111'  li.h'-'  aiio\  ■■  lln-  nn'.ii,  of  th'-  lown   !..«  \i,iti'r»  ol  iMili  il.iv 
aii'l  oni'  h.ilf  fi'il  ;  I  In'  ;^ii  ,ili>i  i  .iii:ji'  ol'^.'i  \  nl  in  om-  .|a\  liom  .lun.'  to  I  »itciiilii  i   *\  .i^  im.:!!' 

(ilir  ilillt'  li-fl. 

\'.iiH'oii\  1  r  N.ix  V  this  ]ioi'ii  u  .IS  .mII.iI  I'odi!  i  "nv  i'I  ^loii  on  ol.l  .•>|'.iiiish  i  li.u  I--,  lli-  i>l " 
ill  lalitil'lf  .'I  "''■  ill  I' I  nt.uii'-il  'h'-  n.iiiic.  On  .i  i.'iimiI  iiiai.  .it  <  '.iliLii  iii.i  tiii>  iiiiinc  i>  .i|ii'l.. 
what  wf  have  ili-.>eril)i'il  as  Mi.lilh'  P.nii!. 


SI  i:M.\i;iM,    \  M.l.l.'i,    111  KNK.Mi:. 

DiitcIIn  olf  I'll  111  I   I  lii.'iicui''  I-  loll  ml  till'  iii'isi  ii'iii.ii  l.alili'  of  tlii'sc  ■.iihni.iiinr  s  .illiv  s,  tin'  ' 
iif  w  lii''li  IS  so  iii'.ii  ihi'  ^li.iii'  I  h.il  a  ili'plli  ol   lilt   lathiiiiis  In  toniiil  »  ithiii   Iu<>   liiiinllril  ainl 
_\,iliU  of  III'-  lii'.ich.      lln-  |.l.ili-,iu  to  iht    w  i'.nI  Wiinl  has  a  \  i  I  >  i''.;ill.ir  sl.i|ii',  lM';;miiili;;  .it  lln'  '!' 
of  tin  f.illioin-i  oiir  iunl  a  i|ii,illi'i    inih's   Iroiii   tin'  shoir,  ami   t«inl\   lallioliis  at  tdli'i'  ami  .. 
null's,   thill    imui-   i.iinillv    to   lill\   f.iltioiiis  at    thiic   .iinl    thicr  i|ii.ii  ti-i  •   iiiih's,  ami   mif   li  :' 
falhiiiiis  at    fi'iii   ami  .i  liiilf  mill's,     'I'hr  two  hnmlii'il  lalhoin  I'liivi*  passcM  uilhiii  om-  ami  .i 

miles  SI  111  I  In. 1^1  lit   .\  nicii'i  Is  I, mil  ami  inns  sirai;;ht  i!;i  into  tlus  siilMinirine  \  .ille\ ,  iippi 

til  \Mlliiii  tliii'i'  ail  1  ,1  h.iif  mill  s  111   l'..!iil   llm  neme.     TIm'  one  liiiinlreii  fa  I  huiii  em  \  e  iii  the  \  i. 
ilislaiit  iilii'  iiii'l  a  Ihinl  miles  fmiu  ilie  shme.     The  hules  :ire  very  slei'|i.  tin   lieptli  iin  Teasiii:;  ' 
lilteeli  111  one    llilliili'il    fathoms  in    less    ih.iii   one  i|ii.U  II"   iif  a  mile.       The    a^ ''I  il;^e  M  nltli    lii'l 
the  oiiehlimlleil  f.ithoin  eill  \  is  is  two  t  InliU  of  a  mile.      To  tlii'  eiislw  .ml  the     'ir\  t's  of  I  he  |.l  i 

are  more  ii  re^^'nlai.     The  ten  i.iihoni   eiii\i'  \^  ilisi.mi  one  ami  a  i|ii,iilei    niile.s  I'lom  shm.  . 

t  Welitv    lilt  horn  em  \i'  is  I  Uo  .iinl  two  Ihilils,  I  he  lit'l\    l.ithoin  i  in  Ve  is  I'oiu  .  the  one  hllmlleil  ti' 
ClU'M'  is  toll  I  .Iinl  a  h.ill.  .iml  the  two  hnmlle.l  lathoiii  I'liive  is  \\\r  .iml  ,i  li.tlf  miles  lio;ii  the  s: 


MM 


I-ACIIK     COAST    IMhOT. 


53 


«  >  mil  III    tlif  V 

lill>     li't't  ilt'i'p 
till-  ^111  lact'.     '' 

iiliiri'  is    slil|i|M 
lit     l<ill\      llMll^l 


I    111"  •.,';|  l(.\,.l. 

iv\i-r  iiM'.s  rimii 
w  ill  vN  hni  |iiiii. 
I  III  1^7  1,  aiitl  -' 
lilli  111  I'lcsiicl. 
IS  i-!r\  .liiil  till  , 
I  lllii'|ilnlf  It    s! 


1  \  I  \ .  m — 

:ii',     I    imrtli 

:n  .1  «.,!. 


It  ll  .1     \  f.ll  l\    llir! 

Hill  <ili|ict.s  : 

- ;  riitU'H, 
17  iiiili-^. 
I  I     imIIkii. 

I">    llllll'S. 

'.'     Ilillin. 

:iii    hull's. 

I.'.«    nulls 

nil's  llill  nil. HI  |..i 
I'l  s  III  IMI  |p  il,l,\  ■ 
(Tlubi  T  «  .Is  el;:!!' 

I   ll.ll  Is.         Ill-     |,|   I. 

Ills  liatiif  Is  .l|i|>i  ' 


.irilH'  \  .klliV  s.  I  lir 

I  WD   tiiiiulii'il  all.: 
if;.;lllliili;,'  .it   I  III'  '! 
IS  at   tlilri'  aliil  .1 
li-s.   ami   iilir    ll  : 
w  itliin  dill'  aiiil 
If  V  .illr\  ,  .i|i|i|ii." 

II  CHIN  r  111  t  III'  \  .1. 
i|i'|itll  illrl'r.l.slli.: 
\i'l.l;;r  u  iillh  lii'i 
I'  '11  \  t'S  III'  I  lie  ji' 
miles  I'ltilil  sliHl' 
II'  mil'  liiiiiilii'il  I  i 
r  mill's  liii.ii  t  III' 


THK  SANTA  HAKIiARA  CIIANNF.I,. 

This  strait  is  sixty  mill's  Iimil;  \>\  U'li  and  a  liall'  |iil\vi'iit\  mill's  wiilr,  anil  lies  Iti'twcfii  \\u' 
Iiiaiii  slim  !■  I  mm  rum:  l  'mii'i'|iriiin  tu  rmiil  lliii'iiiim'  ami  I  hi'  Santa  I!, ill  mi  a  Islainls,  u  Imli  lie  to 
the  soiiilivs.inl  liinail  nlV  I  hi'  mam  l.iiiil.  I'lic  islam  Is  aii'  i'\triisi\  i  ,  Imlil.  ,iml  lii.uli.  u  itli  ilii'|>  chaii- 
licl.s  I'mir  111  liM'  nulls  u  nil'  lntwri'ii  tiicni.  'i'lir  I'I'.iiii  lii'.suisi  In  suiil  h  ;  \\  .  Ii\  S.  ami  ra-'il  i»\ 
mirth  '  I'..  I>>  -^ .  IK  a  stiai^lii  line  Im  liri.\  li\  <'  niili's,  ami  ifallv  tin  ins  a  jiiulmi^'at  imi  ot'  thi'  Santa 
Monica  r.iii^i' lit  iiiiiiintaiiis  that  stnirli  tilix  mili's  east  w.ml  rnim  I'limt  M  ii^ii  Id  a  iitllt- iiiiitliw  anl 
of  Lds  \iil;i  lis,  ,ilri',iil\  (irsri  ilnil  .pa;;!'  I'.ti.  ( 'mil  iiir  mill  l;  .il  i  In-  ui'si  I  lii'  islainls  aii'  naiiifil  San 
Mi^iii'l,  .S.iiii.i  l;osa,  Santa  Ciii/.  ami  Auar.iji.i.  latui'i'ii  tin-  liisi  ami  INiint  < 'mn'i'iiiimi  is  the 
west  fi  11  I'liiiiiii'i'  to  till'  chaniirl.  I  went, \  tliM't'  niili's  «  hIi'  :  ami  lirl  with  tin-  castcin  I'lnl  d|'  .Vnarapii 
jiiiil  I'miit  II  miii'iiif,  rm'iiiiii'.:  tlif  castirn  cnti.iiirt'  nr  tliinal  of  ilir  rliaiiinl.  tin'  wnlih  is  niily 
eleven  iiiiles,      I'liiiii  east  Id  wisi  till'  iiii'iease  in  wiillli  is  ^lailii.il  .iml  ri';^iilar. 

Till'  isl.iiiis  break  the  Ciiiee  iit  llie  lame  westeilv  .sweli  iiT  the  I'acilic  almr.:  the  eiiast  line,  ami 
ill  winter  .ilVmil  l;dii'1  he  tiiiin  the  lull  rmee  dI  the  smitheasl  ;.;ales. 

The  <!(>/. //I  I  ihiiiiii  I"  III!  SiDilft  lUiihitiii  Chuniiil  is  maikeil  li\  the  eieal  silliiiiariiie  \  allev  dIV 
Pdillt  1 1  lleni'iiie,  alle.»il.\  ilesel  ilieil.  Tliis\alle\  inns  sulil  li  w  ,ii  il  .limilt  sixeli  miles  In  |  he  I  liree- 
liiiiiilieil  lathmii  em  \e.  si\  mill's  east  nl  .Vnaeapa.  W  eslwahl  nt  this  valie\  the  eliai  I  imliiMtes  a 
lino  (if  ileeji  siiiiiniiii^s  IhinMuh  theasisDl'  Iheehanml.  imt  ne.iiei  in  the  islainls.  .'smiiliuest  (if 
I'l  lint  lliieiirme  I  111'  t  u  eiily  tat  limn  iiin'  is  less  tli.in  tmii  miles  iilV  .siniic.  with  .i  lint  I  mil  i  if  line  •{I'ay 
Niiml ;  iliem-e  t  he  s(iiuiilin.L;s  increase  mure  ra|iiill,\  Id  nm  h  inn  I  nil  la  tin  mis  in  mie  mile,  with  mmhiy 
liottdin.  The  ilei'jiest  put  (if  the  e.islern  eiiii.iine  li>  the  clianiiel.  mie  hiimlreil  ami  t  liii  tv  i'i;,'lit 
t'alhuins,  nvei  mini,  s.unl.  ::i,i\el,  ell'..  Is  ti\e  ami  ,i  hall  m  six  mih'  Irmii  I'ihiii  lliiein  iiie.  There 
is  IhiM  wati'i  rmiml  .Vn.icapa — tweiit\  I'.ithmiis  uiiliin  hall  a  mil  Westuaril  nf  I'miil  lliieiieine 
till"  tweiit\  lathiiiii  cnive  IS  si\  miles  siiiiihwest  iif  ."sail  Umiiav  eiiiiiia  ;  the  mie  liiiinlieilt'allimn 
•rnrve  at  miie  ni.ies,  .iml  ilie  ;,'re,itest  depth  is  mie  hiiinlliil  and  thiitvlwu  I'.ulnims.  .it  .si\  miles 
fl'iim  the  West  .  ml  ut  .\  ii.ic.ipa.  I'lie  mie  liiliidii'd  t.il  Imm  ciiim-  keeps  vm'II  d\  ei  iiii  the  sunt  h  siil(> 
(if  the  clianml  .mil  lies  w  ithiii  se\eii  miles  nl  the  e.isl  end  nf  Santa  ('ill/.  Island,  ami  the  sunt  hern 
oiitvliumlred  fatlniin  ciir\  e  is  mily  tun  mih  s  frmii  t  he  ii'iith  shine  nl  .^aii!.i  <  'in/.  'I'll  is  siiiith  line 
of  oni'  hiuidieil  I'.ilhnim;  ('luitinms  we.siwaid  iiimiIn  p.ii.illel  with  the  innih  slmre  nf  Santa  <'i'ii/. 
I.sland.  .iml  is  three  and  a  half  miles  frmii  it  at  the  western  e\trciiiit\  :  Inn  the  nmihein  line  nf 
one  hninlred  I'.ilhmiis  retreats  tnwards  the  .Santa  Itaili.iia  slnire,  ami  at  I'eliciii  I'nitit  ismily  three 
inile.s  trnm  il.  whilst  the  depth  in  mid  ehaiinel  has  increased  tn  three  hiiiidred  and  si\  f.ithmiis, 
uver  d.lik  ;;iei  II  iiiiid.  In  this  lunad.  deep  chaiiiii'l  lliiie  is  a  li.ilik  with  less  th.iii  niie  hlllidred 
l'atli(iiiis  tell  iiiilis  smith  li\  cast  t.S.  lis    l!.i  I'lnin  .Saiila  I'l.irliara. 

Fdlhiw  lli;^  the  .Saill.t   r>.irli.iia  shmc  westw.iid  fl I'ellraii   rnilll     inw   called  (inlet, 1   I'liillt  mi 

tlit«  reci'iil  I  hart  ni   ."^aiii.i    ri.iili.ir.i   Channel'  tn   I'mnt  ( 'mn-epiinn,  the  mie  hiimlred  t'.ithmn  cm  ve 
keeps  .It  a  mnilii.itelv   ninlnrm  dist.ince  n\'  fmir  miles.  ii\er  mmld.s  linltmii.     .Sniith  nf  I'niiit  t'mi 
cepcidii,  the  depth  iiicre.ises  in  ele\  en  miles  tn  i  "n  liii ml reil  and  si\l  \  tat  limiis  n\  er  i,'ieei<  mild  .11  id 
saiiil,  then  1  .ipi  .i.\  ilicieases  !n  n-ie   hiiiidn'd    lathnais   in  .i  mile,  h,i\  ini;  a   mnderateiy  decreasing' 
line  (if  siiiimlin^js  in  .S.ui  Mi;:iie!  Isl.ind  and  the  rucks  nlV  it. 

in  the  middle  III'  the  clniiinel,  tliirieeii  miles  iinilli  df  .Santa  Unsa  Isl.iiid,  tlieie  is  a  deep  li.isin 
when'  the  sniiiiiliii;.'s  icicli  three  hiiiidied  and  si\t\  >i\  tathmns,  with  a  Imttmii  nl'  ureeii  iiiml. 

("Idse  undci  the  nDilhein  slmre  frmn  rmni  lliieiieiiie  ti  San  lineii.iv  i  iiliii  .i  t  lure  is  a  \  er> 
nnifonii  and  ;4i.ii|ii.d  iiici'ea.s(>  nf  the  depth  nt'  w.iii'i  frmn  the  lieacli  tn  ten  lathmiis.  at  mie  .iiid  a 
half  td  I  WD  miles  diV  shmc.  I'liim  .San  l'uen,i\eiitiii-.i  in  .S.int.i  l;.iili.ir,i.  a  depth  (if  i  welse  t'.iihmiis 
i.s  found  line  mile  nil  the  j.'eiier.il  Ireiid  dI'  the  shmc.  Willi  rem.ii  k.ili|\  uiiitmiii  Imi  tmn,  ,iml  cmi 
tiniM>.s  si«  mnsi  i\(  ihe  w.iy  Inwards  I'niiit  (  mnipcinii,  i  Mipl  in  a  tew  insLinees,  which  will  he 
menlimied  m  Ihe  deseriptinii  ,if  the  kelp  ahm-  the  nmtii  shme  nt   Ihe  channel. 

Kiijini  thr  Siiiil<(  IUiili<iyit  rlniinirl. — Tlii'le  is  mi  kelp  almi;;  the  Inw,  saiid,\  hcich  nil'  the 
open  in;;- 111  the  .S.mia  Clara  \'.ille>.  at  the  cistern  eiiii.iiici'  nf  the  .Saiii.i  I'.ailiara  Channel.  .\ 
mall  pal.  h  lies  m  Sm  lliicnaxcntni.i  aiicliiiray:e.  in  live  and  a  li.ill  fatlimns.  Twn  miles  west 
norlliwesl  nf  San  I'.iienaveiitiira  liixer  the  shme  lu".:ilis  in  he  liDi'deied  wilh  lunkeii  lields  nf  kelp, 
running  mil  in  tmii  ami  si\  fatlimns  tnr  thn  e  nnles,  in  I'.n  t  1,  is  I'itas.  .\limit  a  mile  west  nmth- 
wt'st  frmn  I'miil  l.as  I'lt.is  a  ninre  cmnpail  liiids .  nearly  li. ill  . I  mile  w  ide.  s|  letehes  fnr  fmir  miles 
acrus.s  I'dini  (inrda  inwards  Kincmi  I'mnt.     'I'lience  for  three  miles  the  cmnpar.itively  low  slmre- 


I 


• 


r)4 


I'M  IKIC    tdV'l     I'll. III'. 


line  li.is  no  honlirnf  k(l|.  iiMil  S.iiul  I'oiii'  ;iih1  ii>Min,il  :i]i:M.ii.'liff<  atr  if.i.lif.l,  v\  In  rc  il  ^ii 
mil  to  livi-  iiiiil  t'i;;lil  lalli-'iiis. 

Kr.im  S.I1I.1  I'll  111.  Mill.' iMili'.>  «'.iM   \'\  iiMilh  .1;.  I'\   N.    t'li.iii  S.nit.i  r..iil..ii.i  I'Mint.  III.   ' 

kfl|.  l...iiliiiii;,'  tlif  -lioii'  iii.i>  1m'  ci.iiMiliiiil  .iliii.>-I  nmti ii-  Im  tliiil\  s,\iii  inilis  |.>  I',,  ,     . 

f«'|>cii>ii.  ill  xiiiic  |il.HT.»  il>  (iiilt  I  cili;!'  Imih-  tullx  a  inili'  InMn  -lioif  in  Imni  m\  In  iiiin-  lallh 
uatfl.  Oil  Ihc  Saiila  r.,iil'ai,i  I.l;;lil  li"ii-i',  linwrvil.  tlif  ip.il»'lii'«  <>(  Im'I|i  >lntili  niit  n:, 
lllllliin'.l   x.llils,  \Mlll  ,1  1 1,  pill  Ml    nilir  ;.iI|im;ii^    iI    |||."|   iillIiT  iij-l'S.  a  In  I   lliilli'i-  I  he  ill  |>|||  III. 

lapiiilN  In  i«rnl>  l.iiliKiiiN  \Mlliiii  l«i'  iliiii|>  i>l  a  mili'.  'HhH'  1-  a  >;n'ai  lit  lil  nl  ktlj.  in  iIm 
lifiirc  !(•  <ii'!i'Ia    rmiit,  lt^  oiiii  1  lini:l   I'lir  iiiiit' oil   ojion  .  in    iiiin'   laliii'ins,  Imt    nil   (loli'l.i 

it.M'il    It   Ii.nllt'^  olll   III  llir    'aiiic     ilr|illi  .ll     -ix     llliniiliil  >.llil>    lloln   llir  -.||i>lr,  .iikI   IIic  ill  !■; 

(alls  Mii|iliiil\.  .11  n-lit  liiiniliiil    iinl  lillv  _\  ,iuU  lioiii  tiic  |iiiinl,  lo  lu<-nl_s  (allioiii- ci\  ci  ;;ii, 
and  saml.      riuiii-c  tlir  ki  l|i  in'^  111  lioin  siv  i  n  to  niin'  I'allioins  a.s  lar  .i.s  llio  n  el    l\  in;;  fli-Xi 
a   lialC  null'-    \m-I«,iiiI    oI   S.inia    r..iili.ii.i    l.i;;!ii.  m    liviaml    ,1  li.ilf  iiiili-  wi'-l  nl   <  ioN  i.i    I 
Tlll.s  left'  I-  a  rnrk\    lr'l;.'c  nl    Uwi    liiiilillril    \aliN    fXli'hl.  «illi    nnl\    litll'tll     li'i'l  nl    \\  .{\vi   up 

It  lir.x  live  iM-litlis  of  a  niilf  nil  slioif.  ami   llii  ir  1-  a  iinirnrni  ilcplli  nl  ci;;!!!    tallnnns  IiimiIi 
tor  one  lliml  nl  a  inili'.  «  Inin  r  i  In-  ».itii  il.i  ira-i>  ii';;iilail.\  Inw  aiiN  tlic  Mnll   .>ilinio.     'Iji 
roiiMsl.-  ol'  |\\i>  III-. h I.s    u  11  ll  .1  lliirt'  lallioiii  |i,is>,i^i'  iiiunin;.'  imrlli  aiiil  -niith  lirl  wi't'ii  tlii'iii.     I 
i.s  nonil   water  I  Iiii   t'.illioiii-    mil'   lininlli'il    v.mls   soiilli  of  llirm.     T!;r    kilp,  wlmli    i-.  qiiili    ■ 
alnli;.'  lli'If,  sllrlrlio  lii\nli  I  its    il-U.ll  lc;^l|!.l!     line  tn  cniliiarr    tills  liili;c,  alnl  rxtcinU  |n  .1  . 
Ot"  eifillt   r.lihnllls  lif\nliil  II. 

!nillH'ill.lIrl\    \\r--l  nl    llil>  It'll    till'  illHTllon  nt    till'  nllti  r   til).'f  nf   lllf  kflp,   «  liirli   l>  ntln 

Hi'iU'iall.v  pai.illfl  In  till'  -linif.  I  lian^:!'-  in  nnilliMisi,  iiiniiiii;;  in    lowaitls  ilif  >lnin',  aiitl  iK. 
a  lircak  ol   .1  liitlf  mon    tliaii  .1  iiiili'  .iiul  .t  li.ilt'  in  tlit-  rmititiiiniis   I'iiiil,'i'  nt'  ki-lp  aloii;;  >lin|i 
till' iniililli   ol   tills  Inr.ik,  Imwivrr.  In-  tlnn    -.in. ill   p.i'i  hf- of  kflji.      I'liiif    is   .iimiliti    Imi 
ncarli  iwn  inilfs  at   Ilif  1 'aiiaila  tifl   i;ilii;;io.  I  wt'iit  >  inilf.s  cast   from    I'niiit  ( 'niiff|ii'ion.  Inn 
arc  pall  Ins  nf  kelp  in  tlic  ;.'.ip.      I'niir  .hhI  a  li.ilf  niilcs  ost  frmn  I'oiiit  1  'nnccprioii  the  ticM  ' 

a  Ml  I  If  ill   «  III  111  ami   li.ls  tin  f  it  linin-.  <<(   water  «  I'llin  it.        11  le  kelp  cease.s  hel  wet  n    \'le|n  (  'n^ 
tilc  <'n\n  ,llii|lnr.l;;i  ,   wlnie  tin  le  l-  linllc  ;    linr  l-  tliere  an\  nl1     I'nilll   < 'nlieepelon. 

'["lie  kelp  nil  the  i.-lamls  on  tin-  .sniilli  Mile  nf  Saiila  IJaibara  CIuiuirI  will  lie  iU'.stjiil>ul 

the  lieail  III    e.li'li  M'p.iiale  Isl.iliil, 

.\  tislieiiii.in  nt   S.inta  liai  liara  repnitcil  in  I  >eeciiilM-r.  \'<f>'.K  the  c\istci;cc  of  a  niiielccii  I  r 

liailk.   with  lnrt>    live  l.ltholii-,  all    : ml  it.       Ills    lieann^s    W.y    timlin^    it   «cle    in  liIlli^'    till    . 

end  of  the  wharf   in   l,lli;;e  witji   tin-  imilh    tnWel    of   the     ^Ils■.|nl|    .md   the    pninl   nt    S.ili     Ion  li  • 
I  lira  heal  III;:  cast,  w  Inch  wniild  In-  .il  mil  I  Iniii   liiili  >  nil  >hi.|e,  I  ill  I   the  ||\  il|n-ia|iliie  sill  \  1  \   till  1 
lin  imlleatimi  nf  the  c\is|eliee  nl    sueh  .1  li.lllk.  .Hid  a  depth  ot    tort\    li\e  lalhonis  is  Hot  attalli 
the.llio\e    I.III;,'!'     until    .-i.ili     I'.Ui  ■l.lMlltlii  I     I'miil    lle.tlse,),!     li\    nnlth    ,  I'!.    ll\     N.    ,    whnh    won 
alinllt  NCVeli  null  s  oil    shore.      lie  .lU.i  repnited  llie  lialik  In    he  .iliniil    Iniii    lilimllcil  ami   till'. 
Inn;;  li.\  line  liiimlretl  wnlt     iml    iiiuiiin;;   par.dhd  w  itii   the   slmre,  ;;■   1    tli.tt   it  Las  ••  ;;rcal  ai , 
cnral  iipnii  II  :   -nun-  hhn  k,  smiie  led." 

I  Itv  rtirii  Ills  iliioiiiil,  III,  ^.nitii  I'.iiil^irii  rA/in/iW  arc  soiiicu  li.it  \':irialde,  iktnl  cspecialls  to 
the  c.l>teril  elilraiiee.       ThiN    li.ive    ii..t   |„-,i,  p.irtlenlarl\   e\aiiiinei|.       .Mmi;;  ihc  slnuc  wc.stw   , 
lllleiielnc  the  -el  of  the  --liore    euiieiil    1  •,  to    the  westw.ml.  .uid    il>    .nlliltliee   e\'i  inU  lloni  i 
four  miles  oil   -hme.      Ii  mus   it   i  m.iMiiiiiin  \eloeii\  ot  a   mile  ami   a  h.tlt   per  Iiihii.  Iml  pm' 

lines  not  a\era;;e  iliole    Ih.ill    emhl    luil,-    |.el    i|a\.       .Mon;*  the    slinrc  I at   S.lli    r.lleliasclltli: 

fniiml  the  eiirrent  under  the  slmre  i  iininii;;  In  the  westward    \<i>  .      I'm 'her  nil    the  iinitliern  - 
it  is  \,iiialih'.  lull    -eiiciallN    I  iiiiiiiiil'  In  I  he   e.istw.ird    ilid  -niithw.iid.      .\  limn-  I  he  islamN 

.1   nmle  >niilh,.|l\    ,1,1V,  Imii.       \V  Ion   I  lie    m  -linr Id.\    elirienl     rciiehe-     I'., ml     i'lilncpclnn   It 

lleeled  tn  the  .sniil  I,  w.ii  d.  I'llli,'  diMililli  ss  ili  lluiln  id  li\  the  lii.tlll  nlVslmre  eilllflit  Irnili  the  I 
wcstwaiil. 

Wiihin  the  S.inta    l',.iiliaia   t'haiiiiel    the   • /(iH.i/t  is  iinieli    nnldei  th.in  tn   the   iim  I  h  w  :ii  .i 

section  Item-  prnleeled   l,\    Ii,,.  ImiIiI   lail-e  nf   the  Sierra  (■olieepeloli  or  Santa   \  lie/    .Mnlllit.in 

The  l,t,<.lm,nl.s.,f  th<    Sant<i    i;>uh„ni    ri,„„.    I  „,,.   ,,iii.ti  kal.lv   l.nl.l.     'Ihc   ii.irlli   slimi 
l'.ilcna\  cut  lira  w.>|u.ii,|  ,,  fniitnd  l.\   the    l,.i.,  ■,  of  ihe  Sierr.i  rnmepemn,  whnh  .ilt.iiiis  .ui  . 

'' >!'  tl'>''«'  Ihnim.ind  el:;hl    humlltd  ,ui  I    twelilv    three  feel    immedl.iteK    liehinil    Sllit.l    |;.ii 

•he  smith  shnrc.s  aif  Inrinetl  lis  the  i-l,uii|s,  wliieh  are  .is  hold  ami  well  marked.  Inn  whit  I,  i! 
attain  sn  -rc,,t  .n,  ile\  ,,ti,,|,.  ,,-11,^  tn  Iweiils  tw,,  Immlred  feet,  and  MsiI.Ic  liltv  miles  fim: 
ward. 


I'ACnif    COAST    riLoT. 


f>5 


11(1,  wlicrc  it  si  I 
II. I  point,  till  ' 

II    llllll'H    III    I'll!! 

M\  III  mill'  t.illi 
tli'trli    mil  i<: 
('  till'  ill  |illi  III. 

I  III    ki'lji  III   Mm 
I'lll     nil    (iiilt't.i 

'.  .nil!  till'  ilr|>; 

lii'lli^  ii\  ri    ;^ii  I 

I I  i-l    1_\  III;;  ili'\ . 

«l"-t    lit'    <  lull    1.1 

III  I   111    \\  .ili'i    I 

I     t.il  liiilii>>  iii-i!' 

Ill      sllllll'.  I'll 

Ml  w  tell   tliilli.       I 
I',  «  li;i  li    1^  1)111 1.    • 
Mil  r\lt'l|iU  to  .1 

rl|i,  "  In  li  l>  nllii 

I  III'    sJiiiM',    .llilj    1 1|. 

ki'lp  aliili;;  .si|..|. 

1'     l^     .IIIOiln'l      I'l' 

t  t  oiii  i'|M'iiiii,  liir 
i<  |iiioii  till'  tiiM 

it  «  I  Til    Vlrjii  <  1. 

'IICIOII. 

«  ill  111'  lirsi'Illn  il 

I'l'  lit'   .1  lillirli'i'li  1  1 
.M'lr    til  III  llij;   till    . 

lolllt    lit     S.lll      lilll   II 

i.i|iliii'  -III  \  1  \   till  n 
liii||i'<  IS  iiol  atl.iiii' 
U\    N.  ,  «  lilili  Will 
llMlnill'il    .tllil    till. 
it    il  li.i>  ••  f^li'.it  .11  . 

,  ;l!lll  l'>lirll,lll\   I" 

i  liu'  >liorc  wi'si  u  , 
ire   fV'iliiN  tliilii  1' 

|ll'l'    lllllll  .    lull    I'l  I    ' 

1  S.lll  r>iii'ii,i\«-iit  Hi 

I  nil'  till-  liultlirlli  ■ 
liiiili;;  tlif  iNlaiiil" 

lllt      <  'olllf|U'll:ll    I' 

I'lirrciit  I'niiii  tlir  ii 

til   ilii'   iim  ilivN  :n '! 
ta  \  III'/  Miiiiiit.i!! 
Till'   iimlli   .slum 
\\  liii'li  .It  I. mil  .III  < 
IM-Iiiiiil   S  iiil.i  r.ii ' 

II  l>t'il,  lull  «  liiili  i! 
ill'  tiltv   iiiilfs  t'roii 


Tlic  pt'.iK  "f  S.lll  I.'alarl.  twriitx  mii'  iiiili's  noi'tli  twciitv-niiii'  ilftrrt'OM  west  (N.  L'H  W.)  fntu\ 
Hiiiilii  l^iili.ii.i  l.i'.;lit  liiiiix-,  attains  an  rlr\aiioii  of  .vi\t\  live  liiiiiiliiil  Ircl,  ami  slimilil  hr  visilili^ 
at  It  «listik!i<'r  III'  iiiiii'tyllM'  mill's.  Ill  lii'.Miml  tin-  S.mia  l'>ailiai.i  Islamis,  ami  as  far  mil  tli  as  llii^ 
I'ii'iiras  r.lamas. 

SMI.INii    IHtM'.rilnNS. 

Till'  S.lll  1.1  I!. 1 1  liara  ( 'liaiiml  Is  ii-iil  li\  all  iii.i>t  iiiu  stiaini'is  .iml  ncsscN  niiiiiiii;,'  lirtwri'ii  .S.tn 
Fraiii!isi'o  ami  .'>an  I  Mi'^in :  llir  I'.iiiani.i  hhI  Mi'\iraii  >Ii  .iim  r^  hum  ii>ii.iII\  Ki'i'p  iiul>ii|i'  I  lir  isl.imis, 
f.slifciallv  III  llllllllli;;   soHlli. 

lioilliil  lliloimli  till'  rliaiillt'l.  Vrssil.>  t'lillilii;:  llolii  tin-  sniitli  A  ai  il  l.ilir  I  heir  ili'p.ii  tllli'  riiilii 
riiiiit  I'lriiiiii  l.i^lii.  I'l 'III  I  \  iiH'i'iili'.  Ill  III  nil  I 'oiii  I  hiiiiii'.  till' II  inn  In  i-li-ar  lliiriifiiii',  .i>  it  is  cnii- 
siilt'l'i'il  il.iii;;i'loils  111  appliiai  II  Aii.ir.ijia  jsj.iml  on  lln-  luilln  r  sii||.  nj'  ilir  I'liaiilii'l. 

t'liiiiin;.'  tiiiiii  tin-  iin:  t  liwrsi  u  .ml.  \<'>>('|s  makr  I'l'iiil  *  niiiipriiin.  ami  litlu  r  in  pirasant  or  in 
rllit'k  Wtatln  r  i-.lll  Ui  rp  rliis|>  nmli  r  it.  S.ulin;^-  \  osi'l.s,  Iihwcmt.  slmlllil  nnl  keep  il  rinse  almaiil, 
lest.  tlii'V  losr  llic  wiml  nmlii  iis  lee  in  llmk,  l'nL:;;.\  wi'allii'r,  willmnt  «imi,  iia\i,:alnrs,  in  iiiak- 
iii^  titc  San  1.1  11.11 1 1: 1 1. 1  <  'li.inml  rmni  1  lir  imri  liu  rsi,  air  >i>ini'tinii's  aMr  In  i  >(  jmalr  tlii-ii  appinai-li 
to  it  li.\  tin-  pri'ii  liar  mini'  nl  till'  II I  III  lit'  pr  1 1  nil  11  III  »  liii'li  .^pii.iils  nvi'i'  a  lar;:r  part  III'  till-  I'li.iniii'l 
ill  warm,  ijiiii'i  xM'atlirr.  'I'liis  ml  ri-cs  linin  lunnr  ninii'  siilim.iiini' nil  spiin'.^s,  oiii-  l,\in,i;  tliiili'rn 
iiiiii'H  siinili  III' .Sani.i  i!arliar.i,  nr  ri:;lii  mili'>  In  ilii'  mu  iliw  r-i  ol  i'l  iMinii'-.  I  lai  Inn.  .s.mta  Crn/ 
l.slaiiil,  inai  l,\  :ii  ilii'  iniililli' of  tin'  ili.iiiinl.  'I'lii'  l.ii-i'--l  ml  spi  in;.' is  luratrii  alioiil  rmii'  inili-s 
west  III  (lull i.i  l.aiiilln;;  ami  .ilimil  mii'  iiiili'  Iroiii  tlir  -limi',  in  IucIm'  r.iilinins  ol  u.iicr.  At  tills 
piiMir  till'  sill  r.ni'  ol  till'  w  at  IT  is  (ON  I'l  I'll  with  a  slnil  i  I'  ml  .i  I  unit  1  un  imlii's  ilmk  ami  i'o\i'rin;; 
ail  I'Xirii!  of  almnt  liM' airrs.  All  alnii;^  I  In- i'o.i>l  1  Iniiii' In  i'oint  ( 'mirrpi  ion.  .iml  almnt  tlirsaiiii' 
ili.stumi'  IVmii  lln-  slimt',  ilii'n>  arc  si-si'ial  sprin;,'s,  Imt  miii'li  snialliT  in  t-xti'iit  llian  tiic  inn- 
(leHcrilu'ii. 

Viinrnini'i  IS  ihc  tirst  who  rails  atti'iitimi  tn  tin'  liiliiiiii'n  ami  in'lroli'iiiii.  in  tin'  I'ollnw  in;."-  iaii- 
tJllttjic  (\nl.  II.  pa;,'!'  I  111  I  ; 

Till'  siirfilii'  111  I  III'  "ii.  M  liiili  »  us  iii'ili  rl  ly  Nil  II  mill  anil  lr:iiH|inl,  "as  rii\  "ii'il  «  itli  :i  tliicU,  slimy  siilistlim't', 
wliuli,  « lu'ii  M'|iai.ili  il  111  ilistiiiliril  liy  aii>  Inilr  amialmii.  In  i  .nni'  \  iiy  I  un  humus,  wliilsl  i  ln'  li;;lii  Im'i  vi-  llial  rami- 
|>riiU'l|iully  trolii  tin'  slmri'  liriiii){lit  »  illi  ii  a  sinni^  Kiiirl!  mI'  l.ir  >>i  "I  sninr  mh  li  H'simhiis  milistaiii'i'.      I  In'  m-M  ini'in 

iiiH  lln' si'a  hail  lln-  a|i|iiar.iMi  r  nl'  ilissnh  I'll   Mr  llualilii;  ii|iiili  lis  siiil'ar.'.  wlin'li  rnvi'r.  il  ll •  ran  in  all  ilMrrlmiis 

williiii  tin-  liiiiiis  i.f  .nir  \  I.  «  ,  anil  iiiiliiaii  'I  I  Ii.ii  .n  lln-  i.   iulilim  linn'l  it  "as  iml  siilij.i  t  tn  nun  li  .litilaliuii. 

Till'  rnllduinj  11  marks  of. Sir  i'Muanl  ilililici ,  in  i  >rtn!ii  i .  |s  I'.i.  .iii'  raki'ii  linin  llii'  \'o\a;;i'  of 
tlie  Siiliildir  ;  \  ol.  I.  p.l;;i'  .'iL'tl;  : 

I  111'  this  I'.ii  I  of  I  In'  rnasi  In  tin-  "csi  "anl  1  "T  Sail  la  ll.ii  li.n  a  |  ur  r\|iiiii'iii'i'i|  a  \  I'ly  r\tr.n'I'l  in.ii\  srii-.i!  imi, 
as  if  the  sliiji  "as  .111  lirr,  ami  aftrr  a  mtv  ilnsr  invrs|i;ialliili  alliililitril  il  1"  a  -.riiil  iVutn  tin-  slinlr,  il  liriii;;  iimro 
si'mkIIiIii  on  t'.i'rl.  lliaii  hrlnw  :  ami  lln'  laml  lirrr/r  riniliniiin^'  thi'<,  il  m  riiriril  tn  iin'  ilial  it  ini;;lil  arise  I'mm  iia|ilitlia 
nil  till'  HiirtaiT. 

Till'  simll  111'  tills  asphaltiiiii  .ipjicars  tn  lie  iii'i'asinn.ills  I'Npi'i  iriii'i'ii  ipiiii'  lar  iioin  tin'  I, mil. 
(8ee('oai'(>il  i'mnt.) 

In  'vinikiii;;  In  till'  wi'stwani  in  till-  rliaiimi.  «itli  snminrr  wt'sii'ily  wimls.  it  is  aiivisalili'  to 
ki'cp  I'ar  i'nnii;:li  nit  in  ;rit  tin-  I'nrt'r  of  tlu'Wiiiil  uilljoiil  liic  lar.;:i'  swell.  It'  I'ninpclleil  to  wot  k 
t'io.SO  limli'l  I  lie  mil  ill  slinii'.  aii\  aillai;!'  Ilia.N  lie  l.lkell  nl  t  lie  ei|il\  I'linenl  1 11 II II  in;,'  111  llie  V.  I'sl  u  .ii'il, 
in  winter  till'  iiarlioisnn  tlieiiotlli  .sjiles  nl  llie  islamls  allnlil  nnoil  sliellei-  illllinn;  liea\  \  sniitli- 
lasti'l'.s,  of  a  \issel  liiav  lie  In  M'f.\  coil'InrtalilN  liniler  the  lee  of  these  lli:;ll  isl.imU.  |n  .ippi'nai'h- 
ili;;  llU'  liollh  shore  vessels  will  Hni|  Imhl  w.ilei,  i'sperl.ill\  oil'  Ilie  pmnls,  Iml  il  is  li,l/.,ililnl|s  to  ;;o 
ilisliie  tile  line  ol'  tini  kelp,  wlijrh  exists  in  l.niji'  inasse.-,  in  lil.inx    plaees, 

Kill  in;:  tin  siiinmi'r  seasnns  llie  hnvij  i\,ijh  ate  almost  emistaiit  in  the  Santa  Ilai  liai.i  Cliaiiiiel, 
anil  (•inehip  the  main  shoi-e,  elianml.  ami  isl.inils,  lull  nnl  iiiitiri|iii'nll\  the  islamls  alone  are  Iml- 
ilt'ii,  wliilst  the  iii.iin  latiil  ami  (•lianml  are  ileii  or  nnn'eiaiily  i  hai.  I'or  the  spaee  nt'  six  weeks 
at  Point  ('oiicepi'inii  in  Is.Vt,  witii  cleat'  ilays  ami  ni;^lils.  the  islaiuls  were  imisilile,  Imi  upon  lis 
in;;  to  an  I'll  \  aliiiii  oldne  I  Iniiisami  or  lil'ieen  lnimirnl  I'l'ei  mi  the  imiiintains  tlie  oli>ei'\  ei  plainly 
saw  the  sitiiiMiits  III'  liie  islamls  aliove  the  sea  ol'  in^  einelopiiiL;  llioin.  .Sotneliim's  the  islamls 
will  lie  eleai  all  li.iy,  Inil  wtappeil  in  a  ileiise.  wrl  lou  all  liiulit.  I'he  tn^s  iiinstly  exist  iluiiiin- 
caliii  Weal  lii'i  .mil  lin|il  wimls,  ami  are  neiieially  ilissipaleil  li\  the  stormy  nniihwesl  wimls.  Shoiihl 
tliey  U'liniin  with  a  lii;;h  wimi  the  wealher  lieeonies  ■ rmiaMy  eolil. 

Till'  I'Mi'/v  /'(  th<  Sunt, I  lliiilniid  Cliiiiiiiil  arewlinll\  ilillereiil  iliiriiiL.' t In'  siiiiiinef  t'l'oin  tlinse 
OUtsiili'  till'  isl.imls  ami  oil'  Ihe  eoasi    tn  ihe   lint  I  Invest  w  .ml.      I   iiih  r  tin'  iimtli  shnii'  the  westetiv 


r)(5 


I'M  irif  rc>\»i    I'll  in. 


I 


wiiiils  (l.Miol   ri'iK'li  r.ir  .'af^twanl  iif  \''>n\[   Coiu't  iici.ni  wiili   iini.  h   >lrciiKlli.  I'Hl  an-  Irli  i.     ,: 
til.'  i.sl.iii.l>.  iiiid  «.'  havr  h.'.Mi  Ini..',!  to  Uaw  ilicaiii'horaK'fiii  I'riHoniT's  llailM.r  l..\  a.siinn 
and  licavN  -«ill  "'iiiii'-'    in  iK'm   t  li.' .  Ii.innrl.      W  <•    liavi-    rrn|l|.'lill\    kith  >csscN  r..inlli;;  n    i. 
tlii>i'a>l«ai.l  \Mili  all  -ail  m'I    iml   liu'l''   aii>  Ifin  llif  iioilh.iii  it  wry  lillli-  liiru'  I'f.liir.d  |. 
i'an\aH  on  aiipniai  liMi;.'  tin' <•  i|i.',  ami  vcsm-U  Imin  llii-  ii.iii1i\M',sI  .'(imiiik'  iM'furi'  .1  -iniikin. 

lose  11  vMlliin  a  l.'W  inJcM  all.  1  |M>^in;.'  Ilir  I'.iin'  iiil.i  ilif  clia 1.     ■riic>r  LinI  unnM  lir  I.. I 

ill  ri',11  liui;.'  Simla  I'.ailiaia  in  a  ■!  i,\.      W  .•  Iiavf  Ktiowii  :i  m  s.^i  In  In-  lliiri-dav  s  wiukui:.'  li 
r>ii(  ii.iM'iiima  li'  San  I  a  r..ii!>ii  1  uliilr  .1  l<ii  kn>>i    (■m/i'  was  liUtwiitc  wfsl  nl    I'dini  1  .m, , 

OiiiNiili   ihi' i-laiiil-i  llnir  In  111   Miiiiiii.i   ,1  |tH'\ali'ni'i' "f  >ti«tiij;   imrlliwrHi  wimlswiili 
swell.  ii>iiall\  nintiiiij;  vmiIi  llii'cill  -lioi.'  1  iiiniil.  ImiI  al  liim-*  tlirir  a|i|n'ais  i«i  Im-  a  imiiiiiI   i 
tlic  wiiitl,  as  ilcii  iiiiiniil  .'11  liii'  ('mil-.  Slin.il.  ami    llim  III.'  ,s«rll  is  >lii  ilci  and  iiicf>-..ii ,! 

"  t'lii>p|'>" 

111  wiiih'i  till'  ,-(Uiilii' i>i  -alr^  111-  iHii  si>  licn'c  a>  fuilliri  noitli.  Tlii'V  ;;tini.ill\  l.ivi  ■ 
tlin'f  da\s.  \Mili  iiHiilcrair  i.iiii  ;  .iml  .1  iiii>s  x-a  and  lii'.»\>  >w(ll  iii''  i.uM'd,  Immmu-.  tin- " 
iijjainst  the  ■111  rent.  Wlnii  ijic  ;;,ilc  is  almiil  t"  bri'ak.  tln'  haiiMiuiiT.  wtm  li  M-ldi-in  l.ilU  m..'. 
iialf  an  imti.  ('11111111. nn'-  In  iim'.  iIi.'  wind  M'fi  •«  I"  iIm'  .siiiiili«f>t  ami  w  'st,  iiml  mhui  ilin| 
tiu'  llullliwi'st.  with  dial   wi'illi.i  and  a  ia|.ldlN   railili;;  sra. 

Till'  rain,\  ■..'asnii  .  .piiiiiu'iu'.'-  in  lli.'iai!>  jiail  ul  N.iM'Iii'h'i  willi  >1il.'IiI  .■•ImiwiTs  aii.l  I'lmi 
iinlil  ill.' iiii.lillf  .if  Mai.li.  Tlic  licav  H'>l  i.iMi-.  Tail  in  piii'inln  r  li>  .laiiiiais.  'Ilif  i|ii,ii:! 
rain  that  l.ilU  i1.m«.  n.it  ;iMTai;i'  umi  IiIitii  imln  >.  'ml  s.inic  mi'imhi-  aii-  iiiaiU.il  K\  i\i. 
dliin;:lil.  hill  III;:  till'  wintir  Miiitliiast  nairs  jiii'V.iil,  :uiil  soimi  iiiii'>  .liiriii;^  I  lir  Miiiiiiiri  n 
Niiiitlii'ilv  NMadii'i  will  luiii;;  ii|i  Iiim\>  lain.  At  I'ltini  ('(.iiiriirinii  we  li.nl  a  licax.v  lain  and  - 
fast  u  jiid  ill  .\  ii;:ii>t. 

Till'  Cliaiiii.  1  .d'  S.iiita  llarhara  wa>  .liM'UM'nd  li>  (".ilnillo  in  1.M-.  and  iiaiiird   "  I'.l  (  .11 
Santa    l!,ii  hai.i "'  \<\   \'i/i'.iiiiii   in    llrrriiilicr.  |iit>L'.      A    |iii'1miiiii.ii,\  rli.iit    nl'  tlii'  I'.i^lci  n  i  ii 
w;i->  |iiilili>liiil  iii.iiiN  \(',u^  Mill.'  Iiy  tin    1.  ,>.  <  (i.i^i  Siii\c\ .  Ill  1 1    III  l'^"'-'  a  lai-;,'<'  sr.dc  rli.u  1  1  '  ' 
wliiilf  rlialili.'l   w.is    |.lllili>li.(l. 

s\\  1:1  K.NAvr.M  I  i;a  ASi'ii"!!  \.;i;. 

Tliis  is  a  sli;:lit  iiidiiitatinii  in  tin'  ^iciu'i-.tl  iii'ii.l  nf  Ih.'  riM-l.  and  alVunis  a  '•inall,  {•ihm!  - 
niiT  amliiir.i;.'!',  Init   ii|i.n  tn   tin'   ^hhiIhtIv    j^airs  ui   winti-r.      It    is  jii^i  nitliiii   tlii'  IIuimI    >  ' 
iSatita  r>ai  liaia  ( 'li.iniii'l  at    il><M>ti'iii   rut  1  iii<  •'.  and    in   .'i;;lit  iniji-x  tiuitli   ti>it\  li\ .'  ilr;:ii'.^ 
(N.    t.'i      W.lliiin     I'.KIil    ilil.'liiiiii'    l,l[,'lil.    Ill.l    MXtr.ll    lllll.s    liiiltli    cl^jlit    drj^lt't'S  Wfsl    ,N.v       .'. 

tViiiii  till' casii'i  n   I'Mii'iiiii  \  o|    Aiiai.ijia   Ivl.ind.      It    lii.s   iiiidii  tli.- s|iiii  nl    tlic   iii.iiintaiii'-. 
attain  .111  I'li'V  .11  i'lii  III   im'.iiI\   tliiri'   tliiiii^.ind    l.'i-I.  and   iniiii-  ii|iiin    tlicrua^t    lntwi'cii  tin-  :< 
valli'V  <d'  till'  San  lliirii.i\  i-iiliii.i  l;i\  ci  un  ;  In-  west  ,ii,il  li,.'  imi  nj  \  .illrs  nl    t  In'  Saiil.i  ri.na  I, 
.III  till'  cast. 

(If  >,iii  I'liniiaMiiiiii  a  ( '.iliiiTa    I'.ui  im    17.11    -avs:   ••  Tli.' l.in.l  makes  a  lia.\  \miIi  .1  .  Ic.ii    •.  . 
Id  till-  end  uf  llic  MiilV  l.iiid." 

I'll.'  >|iiii    .if  ilies.'   iiiipiiiii.iiiis   .ind    111.'   t.isvn   .It   tluii   I. 'it  I'.liiiid  till-  aii.li.na;;.-  atlm.l 
marks  tor  inakiiiLr  it-     Wli.n  alii.'.i>i  S.in  Un.  nav.'iiiin.i  tin-  \.ille\  ul   tlic  river  i.|    ilie  .-am. 
is  well  o|i.'iiei|,  .111.1  111.'  wliart  oil    the  liliiil  jii-t  east  of  the  town  i,>,  ili>l  in.llv  ina.le  .ml.  .-im 
ill  tiic  iiioiniii;;,  with  th..  -.li.idoNs  i>:i  the  noiili  side.     Tli.'  w .■•.lemiiiost  point  toiiiiin^  the  am  Im 
i8  low    .iiid   >.i;id>.  liiit  the    -Imie    imiml    t.i    llie    .  a-I « ,ii.l  i.i    lMi|.|.riil    1>>   a    sle.ji  \  ell.iw  |si. 
risiii;;  Iroiii   Ihiit.x    to   >.\(iil\  live    le.  I    in    h.'i^^hl.  .It  Iw.i    inilo  e.ist  w.iid.  ami    l.u  miii^'  tin    • 
tcriiniialioii  of  the  hioad  |il..iiiM.t   th--  S.mta  Thiia  \alle\.      Tlieic  aie   no   oiii  l\  in-  .I..11-.  1 
kel|),  ami  th.'   three  I, il  Loin    .iii\..   is   al.oiil    on.- thud  of  ;i   iiiilo  oft'  mIioic.      Vessels   ..urn-    \u 
am-lior  III  four  or  live  f,iilioiii>  w  ith   .s.d.is    m   -iiinim  r   we.itlicr;   in   winter   tln'\    am  lim    H: 
fathoms,  null  ex.iljint    holdiii;;  ;;ronnil,  but    must    he  rea.ly  to  >;i)  to  sea  upon  the  appeal  n 

approaill  nf  .sollthe.lst    Weather. 

I'll.'  wharf  siii'tilies  oiii  iliice   hiimlied  and  1.  11  \aids  fioiii  hicl,  «.iter  mark    from  iimh 
MntV  in  the  deepoi  part  ol  the  l.i-lii    lormmc   the  amlior.i;:.-.  .md  e.i.st  of  the  t..\>  n.     Th.  i 
three  l.ir;;e  w.nehoiiscs  on  the  liJiuV.  al  and  iie.u  I  h..  inn.-i  eii.l  of  tic  wli.iif.      Tli.'  dc|>th  ..|    •■ 
al  the  outer  .lid  of  the  wharf  is    ruieen  fe.'l.  .md  heie  the  whail    Is  UNents    feet  above  lilnh  vv 
Muoriiius  lie  oil  th.-  1  lid  ol  ilie  wli.irl  and  aUo  on  th.-  .-.ist  side.     All  vessels  load  and  disli 

at  til.'  wharf.     We  h.-ad   inailv  iiorlh  w  In  11   l,\  Hi;;  .ih.ii;;  side,  and    haul  out  to  in iM;;buo.\s.     .V 

four  ituh  oil  (lipc  has  b.'cii  laid  111. Ill  .Saiila  I'auhi.  twelve  miles  from  tins  phiec,  to  a  lat-;e  tan-   .: 


lAciric  cuAsr  iii.nr. 


:.7 


I'lll    ;i|i'  tell    I, 

II  l»ir  li_\  II  .si  lull 
i>-'fN  ridimi;;  1 

I     III!'    II  lllll'l'll    I. 

'I'   .1  >ll.lllklll. 

-I     "IMlM    llv    li.l 
1\  •<    Wlilkillx'    ll 

I'l  ruiiii  ( iiiji , 

>l    W  Hills    Willi 
"  Im-  ,1   I  III  iriil    , 
.lllcl    lll(C>-..(|  ,1: 

;,'"  Ml  i.ilJx   List 
ll.   lircMlM-  till    • 
•M'!cli>IM   tills  I , 

;iiii|   Miuii  clii.j 

>liu«i|-  .iiiil  riiii; 
■  ll>  ■      I  lit'   llll,ll  • 
tll.ll  Iti  ll    li\    r\,  , 
■^    llic  Slllllllll'l    I, 

liiMv.N  tain  aiiil 

ll.iniril    ■■  r.l  I   .11 
tllr   i-.islii  11  II, 

ir^c  simI,.  1  h.iii  . 


iiU  a  sill, ,11,  M,„„| 
lliiii  till'  lliiii.ii  ' 
li'i l.\  ll\ I-  ilfuii  I  - 

•;;liTs  w  ol  N  .  - 
till'    111011111:1111-.. 

■I     lll'UVl'lMt    llic    ll 

Ilii-  S.ilitil  CI, II, I   I 
I'a.V   »  nil  .1  rli-.ii 
nil  liiii.i-i-  .illm.i 

V<T  111  I  III-  sillii, 
l\  lllillll'  lilll,  |'..{M 
tolllllllj,-  tllr  ,1111  1 

•sin  I"  VilliiW  Isli 
lllii    till  llilli;;    llli'  ^ 

nil!  I_\  111^  ii.i|i;;i  I 

\   CSSfls      I  llllll'      II, 

(lir\     aiK  liiir    i; 
Hill  llii'  ,i|i|>i'ai.it 

liiaik    limii  llllll. 

I  III-    tlH>   II.         'I'lll    I  . 

I'Im  i|i'|itli  III 
lit  aliii\  (•  hi;:li  (' 
l>   IdhI  ami  iliM\ 
•  '  lllillll  III;;  liiiiiN  - 
it«',  to  a  laij^f  tai. 


the  liiMil  111"  tlif  vliail,  fiiuii  wliirli  it  is  li'iiii;,'iit  ilnwn  to  tin-  visscis  tu  luaii  in  liiilU.  'Ilir  lainlinu 
oil  Ilii-  lirarli  i^  liail  ami  in  w iiiliT  \i'i.\  liii|iiriiil,\  ilanKiTotis.  'I'ln'  >>U'.\  riirri-iit  tIum'  aimi-  ilii' 
i<luin'  Hi'ts  111  till'  wcstwiirii, 

Lai^r  i|ii.iiitilii's  i)f  t'laiii,  iniuliirf,  ami  wuul,  lulruliiiiii.  anil  a  uiral  nmnlirf  tif  rattlr  an- 
.sliipiH'd  riiiiii  lliis  plan',  mill  a  laiyi-  rMi-iil  nl  Ilir  ailjaniit  iiiiiiiii,\  is  siiiiiilinl  i  Inrilniiii.  Tin' 
town  hail  a  i>ii|iiil.iiinii  of  llmtiin  liiiiiilinl  ami  .srvi'iit.N   in  l>Mi,  ami  i<  ia|iiill.\  iiitira>iii;,'. 

TIh'  Iivit  S.iii  Hiii'naM'nlilia  nines  tliriiii;;li  a  liai  iii\n  ,  iml  l  iili,  a.;!  irilltiiial  \  .illi-,\  nil  1  lir  wrst 
silU>  of  tiir  low  11.  lull  in  ill>  siasiills  it  l>  juw  anil  tliirs  lint  inrak  tlirmii^ll  tlir  liracli.  (Ill  tlir\M>l 
HJtlp  of  till'  I  i\  IT  ail'  siiliii'  lilll'  i'Xani|ili'S  nf  rna.sl  platranx. 

Till"  low  |iiiint  al  till'  niuiilli  nl   tin-  ri\t'f  is  iiannd  l''iiil  Urn  iinrt  iiiiirn. 

From  r.iii'n.iMiitiiia  tlir  islainl  ul'  Sania  I'.ai  liara,  ilisLint  lill,\   inili'-,  li,i>  In  in  .scrii  almv  r  llii' 

Intrizon  llpmi  scMTiI  nria-»inl|N  lilllin;;  llir  I  l-<t  lilti  rll  .\rais,  altlii>ll;:ll  it  is  miT>sai>  tn  a>rrliil  in 
nil  I'li'Valinil  nl'  Iniir  liniiilri'il   I'ci't   In  .sit  it   lllnlrr  nniinai  \   romlitinlis  III'   li'I'iai'tinli, 

The  Missiiiii  ii/'  S'ln  I'.ik  tun  i  iilmii,  iinw  .sininiiniliil  li\  ilu-  |n\.  n,  wlmh  lia>  inipiuv  iil  lapiills 
witliiii  a  Irw  \i'ai-.  \\a>  tniiinlril  Mairli  .'11,  17.SL',  ami  is  in  a  t'air  slati- nl'  pri-ii  \  alimi.  Itsuin- 
gritj[>hi('a  1  pn.sitinn.  as  ili'li-riniiii'il  li.v  tlii'  Coast  ami  (Irmli'tii-  Siiivr.v,  is— 


Lnlilml.'     

iinniliiili'    

dr,  III  lilll.' 


::i       ir.     .'.n  ..'■  imrtli. 
1 1'.i       IT       I-    11  ».  -1. 
T       .■■:      1 1    ■-• 


The  coinpnti'il   ina'^'ni'lic  \  .iiiatimi   is   |."i    .!.'.   iii\i  I'nr  .laniiai\,  I  >.>."i,  .iml    iniTi'ast's  1  ..;  aiinii 
ally. 

On     till      lOlll    nl    (lllillll  r,    l."i  r.',  ( '.lln  illn,  ari'niillll;:    In    tlir     liaiiatl\r    nf    I'i'l  Mill,  ani'linliil    ill 

front  of  a  \riv  larui'  \allr\  iii  tin'  riia.-.t  wi --I  (if  Miiuii  ll  i'^  lii;;lil,\  iinli.ilili' tins  w  ,is  al  S.m 
llilcliav  riitiiia.  w  111  ir  llllll'  was  all  I  mli.iii  \  ill.i;;r  "  illi  lar',;r  liniiNi's.  In  tin'  sliip>  rami'  iiiaii> 
raiKH'N,  rarli  linlilin^  Ml  i'l\i'  In  lliiili'i'ii  India  US,  «  lii'iin' Calinlln  naini'il  it  I'.l  I'lii'liln  ilr  las  C, mi  i, is. 
Tlu*  iliilian  naiin'  w  .i-<  \  urn. 

The  si  j^!  Ill  pun  1 1  .It  this  placi'  was  iiamril  •■  Pnnta  ilr  Win  iliili'i-"  li.v  X'i/cainn  (.'^ntil  .\  Mrxir.inii. 

Ill  17ii!>  till'  laliiiiili'  nf  "  till'  Imlian  \  illaui-  al  tlif  rast  rial  nl'  tlii'  clianml  ><\'  ^\\\\\.\  ILirliara  " 
was  (U'tcilniiii'il    \>\    linn    Mirliai'l   Cniistaii/n,  llii'  I'liLiiiii'if  nt   (invi'inm    (i,i-|Mi'    I'ni  lai.i'-- I'vpiili 
tioil,  as  n  I      11.  Ml  \   |ii'niialil,\  at  tin'  iiimitli  nf  I  III'  San  I'.nrli.iM'iitnra  I.'imi  . 

In  li'M.;  \  iiirnin  I'l'Vs  nlist'l'V  atinlls  at  Ills  anrlinl'.liri'.  t  lilii'  Inlli's  Wi'.-^l  li.llf  linltli  ,  W  .  .^  N.)flii||| 
the  laiiilin^;,  nilinril  In  tlir  laltcr  plan'.  ;;avi'  tin'  l.itiliiili'  •".I     l."i'. 

Tin;  .sii;i!i!A  (■■iNcr.i'rinN. 

From  San  I'.iii'iiaM'iiliiia  tlir  moniitaiii  i'an<;i'  fniinlnLC  tlir  rnast  linr  w cstwanl  is  nainril  Ilir 
Sierra  Cnmrprinii.  alilinii;;li  snmrl  inns  rallnl  till-  Sii'i.a  Santa  N  in-/,  trmn  ihr  mi>>ioii  ainl  .■.tiraiii 
of  that  iiaiiir  nil  ils  nnrlliciii  liasr.  It  iisis  alirnptlv  timn  tlir  wain  liriirr  tn  rnints  ( 'iiiiirpci..n 
and  .Vr^iiirllii.  anil  i.s  niM' nf  till'  lir.st  ilrtimil  mountain  r.inrcs  mi  thr  rn.ivi.  It  I'Miiiils  iir.iilv 
c-a.st  ami  wr-.!  inr  a  ilistainr  nf  .■«t'\rnt\  livr  miles,  whilst  its  ;;iralr>t  Ineaillli  is  liaiill,\  iimirtlian 
ten  mill's,  .\  s  Ml' 1 1  from  se.iw  anl  it  forms  a  Int'l  y  lian  irr,  attaining;  an  rlrvatinii  nf  tliiee  lliiiiisainl 
eii^ht  linmliril  ami  twi'iit\  tlnrr  frit  iininnli.ilrly  lirliiml  Santa  liailiai  a.  ami  ilmi-.i^iiiL,'  lotwn 
tlionsainl  tirt  nrii  ilir  San  I'.nena\iiiliiia  Wimt.iI  tlir  ra.>I  ami  .it  I'niiit  ( 'nnri'|Minii  .  n  llirwrsi, 
'riiroil'^linnl  ils  ll  iiL;tli  llirir  is  Imt  niir  p.iss  tliinii;;h  till'  iaii;;e,  tlie  <i.l\iii|.l.  srveii  liilinlieil  frrt 
aliove  I  lie  sra  ami  I  wrnt\  fmii  mi  Irs  \\r>l  of  Santa  I'.ai  liar.i.     Tlirir  is  a  strep  pass  ii\  er  the  laiiur 

ei;;lit  miles  wi'>l  w  aiil  i>\  Saiit.i    llaili.ii  a,  Imt  at  an  ili'\  at  inn  nf  t  w  nil  yti  v  r  liiimlinl  frrt,     ( )i j 

the  siioiiilar.\  a\rs  nf  t  his  .Sin  im  lrriiiiiialr>  at  rnint  Ai  ,u;iirlln.  w  hne  the  sn  pnitiiir  i  m  k  m.i.\  lir 
.seen  in  lar;jr  masses  stirtrliin;,'  inin  thr  .sra. 

Tlir  .Sin  la  is  alinn>l  parallrluiih  Ihr  mniint.ijn  rli.iiii  1111111111^;  tlimn^li  thr  .'^.iiit.i  I'Lirhaia 
Lshiiuls,  San  Mi^iirl.  ."^anla  Itnsa.Sanla  Cm/,  ami  .\  iiai  uia,  ami  theSant.i  Mnnira  r.in;;r,  v\liirli 
Im  a  enntinii.itiiin  on  thr  m.iiii  laml.  It  is  vn-s  .sparsely  enNereil  w  ith  tiinlier.  mn.sl  of  the  riir^r 
lH;in{{  (lest  it  lit  r  n|'  trrrs,  exrept  I'nr  Ini  nr  I  \M'1\  e  miles  nli  earli  slile  nf  S.ilit.i  I'.. 11 1 1.1 1, 1.  'I'hr  .-.mm  11 
stroam.s  eninin^'  fmin  the  mnnii tains  frnm  San  l!iieiiaveiitnra  i;i\  1  r  u  e>l  w  anl  Inr  almiit  t  w  rl\  r  m 
flftet'ii  mill's  air  m>  impir;^iiatril  with  alk.ili  that  thry  ate  tmi  liittir  tn  hr  iisn!  Ii>  m  111  nr  animal. 
and  no  Mi'tilris  wne  Inratnl  aliin;,' thai  .stirtrli  of  slime  for  iiian,\  M'ars.hnt  ii  is  lieiiii:' .uiailiially 
ocvnpied. 


I 


1, 


;      f 


;,4  I'Afinc  (ciA^r  rii.oi 

I'lll.iii  null  1  wr-tw.inl  i<(  S.iii  Mm  iiiix"  nliM.i  lliric  is  i.  poiiol  t<>  Im'  ,i  ikIi  .lf|...Mi  ,.• 
nil  111.'  >li.>ic,  Miit.tcf  >|Mi  iiiitii-  .Mrliliii;;  MXtv  l'<i  •■.•111.  Aioiiii.i  llif  I...  .ilit.N  .ii.-  tuinul  . 
M'l.ii.r;  111!'  ;;niiiiiil  i>  U>l.  Mini  llii'  >;.ih  iiiiilli-il  u  aUui'^i  miIIimmIiiiu'. 

|'.i'l\Miii  Nan   IJinii.iMiiiiii;»  jiiiil  Saiil.i   li.iiliiir.i  an- I'l'iii   |.i»iiiIj>.  Imh1\  I'IimKim,-  il.. 

Ill  llcl  "f   I  111'  <'i.i,>l   lllir  ,lli.l  llif  HM'  rlllli.lH.lil.  I>'s  1,1'    r.l    l.'llK  iMI  .IIkI  I  III'  « '.ll|illlt«-|  I.I,  «  li.  : 
111!'   IS  slillipiil   ti'  S.III    I'l.llU  Isiti. 

fiilll    l.'lx    /'l/.O.        Tills  is  tl,c    til«l    1...I.I    |...|lll    «fs|   of  .S..1I1     r.ll.  IM\flltlll.l    1,'lM'l.  Im'III,'    t 

iiitrlli  s,  Miiiv  dfuri'i'."*  wi'sl    N-  •'■    ^^  ■    ''"•"<  l'"iiil  S.m  r.inii.ivriiiiii.i.  ai  llir  montli  <<{  • 
It  ini'iti'ls  a  hltt.'  iiH'if  Ihaii  li.illa  inili-.  ami  IIm'  t\ti.Miiil\  is  l.iw.  I<iii  ii«s  \,t\  >[u\k-U] . 
iniiiiiilaiiiiiii.s  riilyr.-*  williiii  ;i  iiiilf.     Tin-  s||,.rr  .'H  ilu-  lastriii   si.j.'   iijl,  \,.\.  I   ii..iili..i~ 
IliH'.'  t|iiaili'ri  of  a  iiiili'.  with  tin-  tliH'r  lallioin   jiiii'  lialf  a  iiulf  <>IV  tin-  Im  .i>  Ii  hi  iliis  s.,, 
ami  .some  patrlivs  of  kflp  as  l.ir  mil  .is  .m\  LiiImhiis;   Imt  tlii-ff  is  im  krl|>  I'lV  tin-  iimiiril,  , 
aiiil  ;;o.m|  u.ilir  tuns  i  l.isc  to  ii.      I\il|i  |i.ih  In  s  r.piiuinnr.'   tliii'i' ipni  tiTs  nf  a    iiiili' !•.  ' 
w.inl.     (Ill  ihr  \Mst  .siilr  iif  till'  |i<iint  IS  a  vir\  sio'ii  aini.Vo. 
Tin- Coast  Siir\i'\  stalniii  on  I'oiiit  I.;i.h  I'lta.s  is  in  — 

i..iiiiuiir :ii      I'.'    :t:  .:  iiuiiii. 

I...iiKilii<l<' ••   ■    "'       ■■'••      •-'•J   .<•  "I'l    111. 

Mr.  Ml  liiTM- .:.'.:•    ;!;•.•.«.•.» 

I'li'lll    I '.'I  II I    1. .is   I'll, IS  III  till'  .•>. Ill  1.1    I'lIiIliI  I   »>  Il  111'  tin    roill  ~r  Is  liiil  til  rl_'llt\    lix  r  ilr:,;  i .  . 

(N.V'    \\  .i  ami  till' ilisiaiiri' ruiii'ii  .iml  Ii. ill  null's;  io  S.nii.i  l'..iilMr.i  l.i;;lit.  «rsi    W 

li-i'ii  ami  one  lliiiil   iiiilis;  ami  to  I  liii'iii'iiii'   l.i-^'lil,  smnli  tlllv  si'\rii  id'iiii'i's  cist    ■•;.  ;,;     | 
tci'ii  ami  lliii  r  <|ii.il  ti  Is  iiiili'.s. 

/'i.i/(^   (iiiiilii. —  ilino  ami  olii' halt    tiillrs  liollli  >i\I\  six   ili';:ii-«'s  wt-st  iN.tlii     W  .  i  tro: 
l..i>   I'lta.s  is  aioiliir  iiii|ioi  t.int   ]iniiil.      Il  |s  low  at  its  i-\iirniit\ .  I'lit    I'arkril  l>\   .i  \<t\   \. 
trail,  wliali   risi  s  in  a  lilili'  ovi'i  "iir  ami  om-  li.ill  'm.li's  to  a  <  nhiiiiial  iii;,'   |ir,ik  in  llir  <'i< 
ilii'  iiiiiiintaiiis  cilKil   Mount    llo.u,  vsjncli  i>  |\M'nt\  tv^ll  liuinlii'il   Ini  in  I'lrv  .ilion.     t>ii 

sii',.'  o|    till-    |>oliit  a  .slli.ill    si  ri'aill   rullii'S   ilo\\  li  to  tllc   oi'imIi.      Tin'    kilji  lim<  lirs  rlosr  to  t!) 
uilli  ili(|i  u.ilii,     S.iiil.i  r.ll  11, 11. 1  wli.iif  lies  t«)'l\r  .iiiil  ii|n'li,ill  null's  woi  t'luni  lliis  |iii. 
ilrM;:ii,itiiin  III    llit'|ioiiit  is  a  >li!|>liiMtiiiii  III    iIm-   ii.iiih'    I'iuiI.i  liniila.  iiailir  <'.i;>i'    ^ll'm|ll> 
oll^lit  to  I li.lll;:ril. 

liiiiriiti  I'l'iiil. — .\ii  iiiiiiii|Mirlaiit  |iiiiiii  lyiii;:  imrtli  i'i;.'lil.\  si\  ili';;nH'«  fiist    N.  si;    i:.  .  •., 
Irmii  till'  Saiii.i  Uaili.if.i  w  li.iil.  ami  imrili  ii;;lit\  t"o  ili'jjrrr.s  i';«sf  i  N.  S'.'    !•;.  ,  twrUi'  .r 
ijiiai'li-r  mill's  tVoiii  tli.'  Saiila   ll.tili.iia   l.i;:li(.      It    :>  ,i  low.sainlx   jioiiil,  tliioii^li   llir   m 
wliii'li  riii|ilii's  ifiiiroii  Ci'i'ik.     'I'iu-  low  l.tml  lisrs  to  a  liliill'  uitliin  two  liiimlri'il  \aiiN.   i: 
liliiiV  is  till'  s.iiiiinM'si   ti'iiiiiii.iliiia  ot"  a  li'ii;;  iiil;;i'  tli.it  inns  imsI  noitlii'asl  il'.NI"..    im  iKii 
olii' li.ill'  liiilrs  Id  .Moii:i.   Ili'.ir,  aln'ai|\   ilrsrriU'il 

I'lolll    l".l    liilli'oli    tin'    low  .shiiji'   iill    llir   rastrrn    slilr    llllls   liortlli'.ISl  u  aiillv   I'm    our  lii 

null',  ami  tlnir  is  ^oo.l  amlioraL,'r.  rlr.ii  oT  ki«l|i.  in  m\  t'allioiiiit,  in  this  Icr  nmlii  tin-  ii"i!  ' 
it  liiais  iii'itli  sixty  ilr-ir.s  wist  S'.iin  \V.  .  ili.siaiii  si-xcn  li'mlifil  v.mls.  Iliio  tin 
I'all'oiii  liiir  IS  inly  thrri'  ii'imlir  I  s.mls  lio'r  'In-  lu-acli.  I'atihrs  of  kilp  In- oil  tlic  [u- 
tin  II-  is  liolir  iii^^iilr  tin'  tliirr  ami  oiicli.il  f  lal  i  n  '  illir,  W  liiili  is  lnt««Tll  two  liiilnll'iil  i 
alil  tlilrr  liumliii!  \aiils  iiV  tin'  lu'.nli.  Tliilr  ,.s  a  ilr|illi  ol  ilrxcii  latiloiiis  mir  milr 
liraili. 

Wistuaiil  111'  i;i  li'iiiiiin  llir  imiiint.iil:-  ■>  '.n-.i!  ami  tlir  lii«   l.iinl   ^tirtrhr-   nioir  lli.in 
till'  liollliu.llil  I..I     tlilrr  111    liilir    null'-,  .ilnl  I  hr    slnirr  linr  Is  low,  Willi   no  krlp     alollj,'  llir  si 
a  i'iiil|ilr  III'  inilrs. 

C.iliiillo  aiii'lion  i|  innli'i  !liis  pipim  m  Orinlir,.  I.M'J. 

Siiii'l   /'ol')l^— This   Is  .1  loA   .lail    uiiiiiiiM.il. ml    loiimlin-  of  lli..   lo.i.st  lilir,  l.Mli;,'   Imllli    • 

•Ii';,'i<'i's  wr.st  (N..-1     W  .,  iroiii  UiMion  I'oini.     Iiiss.-m'h  .unl  oiir  half  iiiilrs  i-a.st  l»i 

imrtli  (i:.  :;  N.)  from  .Sini.i   i;.irl..ii.i  w  ii.u  f.  ami  nun'  iiiilrs  r.isi  liy  mutli   (Ii.  I.y  N.i  ft"!- 
llaili.ii.i  I.i-ht.     It  i>  liiu  .iml  stnil\,aml  iiisi.lr  ,.t  it  .m-  thr  l,o\  saml  tl.itsiiit  ii|>  l.\  ihr  I 

('.i!|iiiili-ri.i.  whirli  lirsat  i|,i-  inoiitli  i,f  t  lir  ai  l'o.\  oi.f  tiir  sain.'  ii.i Tin- isti-n.  niiptii's  1^ 

row  nioiiili  iiiiniiir.'  to  Hn-  i'..st«ai.l  .'losr  nmlrr  tin-  p^iinl.     O.f  t|„.  |.,>iiit  a  ro.kv  irrf  si 

out  ,1  liltir  ov.r  h.,lf  ;i,llilr  south  lil'lv    Ihrr,'  ilr-ivr,  wrsi   ,  S.  .Vl     W  .   ,  whilst    to  till mil'    • 

of  Ihr  I'oinl  Ihr  slio.,1  w.Mrf  rvt.  i„|s  olir  ihinl  .,f  a  „„!,.  |.,  |1„.  lluvr  falhoill  Illir.      Till'  

is  foiiinl  a,  t.u  out  as  si\  ami  .i  half  f.itln.'iis,  ami  llir  l.ottoni  is  i.Mk\  ami   l.iokni.     Tin-  ' 
vrry  I.K.ail    ami    .shrhlli-.   I'M  rpl    |...lf   ^^,u    l.rlUMi,    Ihr    puiut    anil    Olin.stor,  onr    nulr   r.i- 


mil  ilt'i>i>«iii  ..' 
it)  an*  t'liuiiil  .1 

\   KiraUiii;:  llir 
I  |iliilrl  l.l,  «  lul' 

I   IJlM'l.  liflll::  I' 
tilt'    MMMllll   •>!     I 

■-.  \  i\\  (|inrl»l\ 

li.ll  Ix     llill  tl|l'.l'<l    > 

iii'li  III  llii-i  >iii.i 

itV    till'   IIIIMIfill.l' 

>  111'  a   null-  t>>  I 


r:  .7  ii.iiti). 

W   .0  wi^i  .  Ii  I 

ri;:lity  livf  iIi-i.m 
l.i;ilil.  writ     \V 

iM'S  IM'if   1  ^'.  •"'"       1 

:  ,N.  ».'•    \\  .    If.' 

cknl  1>.\   a  \'l>    I 

|MMk     111    tllf    I'll- 

flrv  .ilii'li.      (>M 

111    llC^    iId.HC    tcl    111' 

•St   I'lolii  lliis  |ii>n 
•r  J'aiM'  Mi'iiiliM 

,.i,Ht  (N'.sfi'K.  .'• 
s'j    H.\  t«i'I\<-  .1 

',     tlll'lll^ll     llic     111 

lioinlinl  vaiil-*.  .1' 
■asl  ii:Nl"..j  for  tl.:' 

waiill.v  I'm-  >itii-  lii 
Iff  iiiiilfi    tllf  iii'i    ■ 

yar.U.      Il'i'-  il" 
V.  I|.  hf  .'IV  tllf  1' 
•II  \\\it  liiiiiilrtil    1 
latlioiii"*   <"!'■   'ii'l' 

iflif-  m«iif  iliaii  .1 
I  Ivfip    ali'ii^;  III'-  -!i 


[  IJuf,  Iviiij,'  iH'illi  ■ 
lair  iiiilf-*  ••.">t  t"' 
•th   (!■:.  l>N   N-/  I'l'"" 

itsfiit  u|i  i>>  tllf  r 

i«  fSlflx  I'llll'tif-*    1' 

lint  II  iiirU,\  Iff  1'  -' 
hilsl   tu  tllf  ■Miiltli'   • 
mill  lilif.      TIm"  Iiii' 
mil   Ipn.Ufii.     'I'll'    ' 

iiihUt,  Ollf    lllllf    'M 


,, A-A.^ 


NW.liy  \\  .  ;  \V  .  I  iml.'s 


-.as- 


'-  V    -  - . 


/ 


y- 


Ciimjii  \'\'»V. 


'T'^,-,'-  -^  -<'Y  •""• 


ililo  l!.lM>;il:i   l.i.'lil   liuii'-i' 


«WBP^^ 


^^^^%>' 


•^fk. 


'■#^^ 


****%a^'-n-jji'uJiii 


('iilH'lii  I'rak, 


I'mnl  >lip'intii>-  I. milt  hi'iih 


y,  J  s     li.  milfi. 


. ' 


•/^' 


.*>■*!>. 


rv  .  '■  ^v 


...  .-  -^Y 


&j|f<T  '  -w"   "•»*>  J^*  •.">(.      ■»■     •    ■»_    -   ->;_'   ,CE;3!.'.' 


"••i 


.r. 


•  -  "^ » ? 


-.*i. 


•-..•  -y 


lllr     Mi...si..r, 


lift  lliilmri   Vmlii'inktc.  NW     l  N     ■li--l.inii'  I..  I'miil  S»iil«  Hiirliarii, 


Suiilii  \ii'f  Miiiiiiliiiii,  :r:I.V-  liM't 


iifinly  III  r  in;;'".  "  i"il' 


i 


I 


I 


*Mj 


I'ACIIIC    COAST    I'll.Ol'. 


r.i) 


where  tli(>  (lire*' la! Iiniri  ciiim'  i-  two  Iminliiil  and  lil'l.v  ,vai(I>  tVoiti  llic  licacli.  '\|i)rt'ci\cr,  in  this 
\iiini!y  tli(<  k«'l|>  is  not  so  llnrlv  ami  the  Imttuin  is  mure  ici;iilar.  Il  is  sanl  llial  \is,>cl>  imriin;,' 
I'loiii  S;iii  Itiieiiast'niiiia  in  thick  In;;  can  ;;ii  insiile  the  uiitei  lii-M  nl  k('l|i  nil  this  poinl  ami  Ibliow 
it  to  the  (!ur|)interia  Lamliiit;  of  Santa  I'.aiKara,  lait  ihe.\  mn>t  liii;;  it  (IhscIn  Id  aMiiil  the  danficr 
nIV  Sanil  Point;  ImU  this  seems  a  \ei.v  (laii;j;ei()iis  iliiedinn  when  it  is  just  as  cleai  'o  lollow  the 
Uel))  on  the  outside  ami  in  lietter  watei-. 

Oii(\  hik!  il  halt' iinies  castwaiil  ul'Saml  Point  is  a  laijje  dejiosit  nt'  as|iiialliiin. 

The  Carpintnid  Liiinlinii  is  in  tiu'  1m;:IiI  east  ot'tlie  Anoyo  del  Toio,  wliieh  opens  tl.ioiij;h  the 
lilidV  point  two  iniles  westwaidly  of  Sand  Pciint.  Il  lies  cast  sixteen  de^'iees  mnth  (!•'.  ItP  N.) 
live  Hiid  a  hiilf  miles  IVoin  S.mta  Mailiara  uliarf.  aid  east  tweiit\  one  de^'iees  north  {]].  'Jl  ^  N.) 
Nev(Mi  iiiul  II  half  miles  liiuii  Santa  IJailiiia  l,i;:ht.  The  hiiilV  on  each  side  of  the  ileep  aiiDVo  is 
nearly  Olio  hundred  teet  hi.i;li  and  i|iiite  sterp,  with  a  Hit  eniintrv  I'm  halla  mile  to  In'  iioiih  and 
northeast.  Tho  lti<,dil  l.\iiij:  lielweeii  this  |iiiiiit  and  SamI  Point  is  said  lualViiid  ihetiest  lieaeli 
iaiidiiin  on  tliis  line  of  euist,  and  is  clear  ol'  kelji  for  ihiee  i|iiarters  of  a  mile  oil  siiore,  with  very 
re^iiiliir  Iwtroni  from  the  lieacli  to  tl\e  (atlioins  at  the  kelp. 

The  wharf  is  nearly  two  thirds  of  a  mile  east  northeast  (F,NI';.i  from  tlie|ioint.  near  the  deep- 
est part  of  tlio  l)ii;hl,  rtheie  a  ileptli  of  fourteen  feel  ol'  water  is  found  within  two  Inindied  \ards 
of  tlie  hoach.  It  is  about  ei;:ht  hiiinlred  feet  Ion;:  and  eii^hi  f,  et  above  hi-li  uater.  A  depth  of 
alioiit  twelve  feet  of  water  is  found  at  ordin  ir\  low  title  at  its  outer  I'lid,  Init  the  captains  of  the 
coasliii};  steamers  say  this  depth  varies  con>ideiali!.\  witii  the  season,  as  the  sand  washes  ntf  the 
lieaeh  In  winter  and  shoals  the  w.iter  at  the  wharf.  They  npnii  that  this  is  eiiaractt  risiie  of  all 
till   wi'UVes  pnjjei'tiii;^  fro  m  ,1  sand  lieaeh  on  the  southern  coast. 

■■ieliiiitj  this  landing,'  I'loni  Santa  I'.aihar.i  in  thick,  Iii'jl:\   ViiMlher,  coasiiii:;-  steamers   m.i\ 
';.')'  ■  under  the  shore  .siile  of  the  kelp,  in  three  and  a  hail  to  loin  ,iiid  a  half  t'.it  hoins  of  tvaici . 

until  tlieir  distanet' is  np,  ami  Ihi'nhanl  into  theliiLrht:  Imt  they  can  not  t'ollow  inside  the  kelp 
near  Sand  Point  on  accDiini  ot   the  rock\  palclii's  theic. 

Cabrillu  anchored  near  Sand  I'oint  in  (»ciolici.  l.'il'J. 


.'^A.N  I   \     llAi;i!AI!A. 

l'''roiii  Point  Sail  I'.iieii.ixcnti.ra  to  the  wli.ii  f  al  Santa  llarliara,  the  clistance  is  t  weiit\  and  I  u  o. 
Iliiids  miles,  and  the  lieariiii:  north  ei;;lit.\  I  wo  and  one  half  ile;;rees  west  (  N.-'s.'.l    W  .<      In  approach 
Mi^  .Santa   Itarlp.ira   fimn   ilie  eastw.ud  ui   uesiu.ird   the  cli'\atii>n    calli'il    I, a  \'iL;i.i.  m  ••  l.ookniit 

Hill,'' on    the  west    side  of    tlie    anchorite,  stainls    out    well   on    aecoiml  ol'  the   low    I  iiid    lietuecn   il 

and  the  nlountaln^'  to  tlie  north,  and  h  a  •:iuh\  mark   liefore  llie  Imlit  house  oi  the    Mi-sion  i>  di>- 
tin;;iiished. 

N'es.sels  oomiii:;  from  the  westward  first  si;:lit  this  round,  smooihtopped  lull  uliicli  is  fom 
liiimlr<>)l  and  si\;  i  i  hree  feet  hi;.;li  ,i,  and  upon  appr  paelunL,'  I  lie  aiiehorai;e  keep  out  >ide  ot'  t  'le  line 
ol  kelp  Held  (h  '.ai|\  half  a  Hide  wide  I  .iiiil  ;;railuail\  roan  I  ih<'  pom:,  iijion  which  is>itiiaiiil 
the  liiihlitou!'  '\'<(  •■  'ics  soiiihwest.'ilx  lroi,i  [',„■  wharf.  Keip  .ilon^  the  kelp  inii.l  al>r.  asl  ofihe 
town,  and  •  n  ■  ,  !  '  ev  en  lathoms,  or  pa.^s  tlirouirh  the  Lelp  and  anchor  on  ihc  inside  of  ihe  kelp 
lieh',  i'l  Hir».'  ',1.  '  '■  .1:'  fathoms,  hiid  hottoin;  lint  the  ste.imers  now  run  directl,\  to  the  new.  or 
cistern,  whan,  .' t  M  iifti^  dcsciiliid.  In  anchoriit;;  lar  enoii;,di  oil' to  ;^ei  nine  or  ten  liiliom-.  ihe 
lio:toniwi  «■  foil!  I  .iky.  .\  hsdio^'raphie  sk'lili  of  the  viciiiit\  was  published  l>\  iheCoasi 
Survey  in  l.-^a."),  .  :   '  ihe  Santa  Itabira  ('haniiel  sheet  in  l"<-<>>. 

No  daii;;crs  I  ,.\e  liei  u  discovered  in  Ihe  kelp  oil'  this  be.icl,. 

In  winter,  vcsseU  nuisl  .(iiclior  outside   of  the    kelp,  as    the  irales  di  lach  it  ,ind  drive  il   shoie 
W.lld    in    such    vast    ipu'llies    I  h.il,  I'oininu    arioss    a    \i'>sei's    haWse.   il     helps    to     blill;.;    lioihe  Inr 

aiiehor.s.     lint  it  is  noi     n.;.  'iiaiv   to  ride  out  a  ;,'.ile,  and  upon  il,  ■   'ppioatdi  of  a  storm  small  M's 

scls  seek    .«helter    hi    .         aCrnz    Island,  l  winlv   mdes   dlslanl  to  Ihe   soiilhwanl.  in  I  he   l.ir;;e 

lii;;ht  known  as  I'l  is..ii,  i"-  Harbor,  on  the  noiih  s|,|r  ,,f  tjir  island. 

The.;,  .theasiciiiiiiiei  point  ,<(  the  \'i;;ia  Mill  forms  I'diit  CiixlHln,*  which  is  a  iicailv   pcipeii 
dicidai  >  :i*t  -Loiit  lills   let   above   the  .sea,  and   iMviin;   a  level  strip  oi    laiol    behind  it.      Tin'  low 

*ll  wiv  .   ■■■  .   I    I  Mil.:    Iilipi.   In    \  .iiiiDiiviT  HI    NiiM'iiilii'r,  IT:'.!,  afl.i  tin-  i  .mumkiihI.iiiI   el    I  In-    \'\r>\.\ I   Sin  la 

llaiiiiiiu,  Hi>ft('  I  'Oil  r.  Ii|ir  liii\(.inlici(       Il  iH  iia (I    I'liiiil  Caslill  1  en  ilir  ...asi   s;u\i\  i  !i  ol   el'  l-..;i,  I  nun  a  small 

.Vlionlii  earth   iiilmilil    fnnni'ils   ,  msIiiik  iipiiii  ir      riir  niilliiif  el'  ili.-   «..il,    ,,hi!.1  iMii.e.l    in    l-TD.      Il    is  lallc^.l 
I'l  mIimIi)  Nevn  III  111.'  |il.in  ..I    Itoii  ,l.,„|    t'eliar  \    lannin/.  ITsil.  u^t  linlihsli.a  li>   I  i.iIi.miiitI.    m  IT-'.I. 


/ 


I 


fio 


i'A(  iric  I  t'Asr  ni.or. 


I  f 


i 


I  i' 


•  I 


.samlv  liciicli  coiMiiKMU'cs  at  tliis  puiiit  ami   stirlcliis  alonj:  alioiit  two  miles  Id  tlif  imrilifasi 

ami  !l Id  wli.iit   >l.iil-.  (lilt   Iniiii  the   I'lMili  aliuiii  hall   a   iiiilr  lunllirasiw  aid  uf  tin-  |iiiiiii.      | 

wli.nf  i>  lui'  liiiiiilinl  ,iimI  lit^hls  iiiiii-  >ai(l>  Inn:,'  t'n>in  tlir  w  anliniM'  nn  llir  Ixmi  h,  ami  liail  i 
fci't  nt   wall!  at  tlic  cMniiiitx .      A   Ti'dml    uli.iit   lia-  hi'iMi   Imil:    |.i   I  lie  (•a>t  \n  anl  nf  this,. 
|in>liiM;;aIioii  iif  Ihi'  main  stici'l  i>l'  llir  tuw  ii,  iih!  i>  toiii  Immlird  ami  iiiml\  .\  aids  hm^  IVnii, 
watiTiiiaiK.      It  makrs  a  tm  II    iliiMii    ■m-  Inimlnd   ami  l\Miit>    \  aids  Imm  1  lir  cMri'iiilSN .  »  r 
flliow  to  ihi'  iiiMtlica-'.      i'his   |>ait   mI   :ln'   whM    is  mm  h  ^Mdt■l    than    llir   shurc  end.      I  Ihi 
lart;t' waii'lidu-c   al    the   i'\tri'init\    aiiil   amitlni    iii    l!n'    liiid.      Tin'   uiiiii    iiid  id'  Ilir  uli.iii 
l«(iil\   tri'i   .iT  wall  1    and   mir   hiiiidrcd  and    iiHv    .\aii|s   tVnmthi'    iiiini  t  d;:i' nl   ihr  liidd  nl 
whiih  lias  1,1111  III  lour  ami  a  i|iiaitci-  rathmi's  almiu'  il.      It    hrais    N.  .I'.i     I',,  .miith  tliiitv   ir 
;;ifts  casi   .  di-laiil    i.ni'   mill'  tVoiii    l.i;;ht  Imusi-    I'miil.      In    |ssi;tlii>    wliail    was   ivtinilid 
liniiilrcd  lirt  t'liilluM.  and  tills  latter  additimi  w  i^  bent  still  !'i.ithi  r  tu  the  westuanl.  lua^  m  < 
twii  ellitiws  in  ilie  \vliaif.      lis  total  leiiy;th  is  imw   twent.v  t  vvi>  liiimlnil  hit. 

Tlie   lamliii;;    was   iniim.ily   mi    the    heaeli   at    the    |iiisiiiiiii   ul'tlie    u  liai  I,  Inil    willi    iIh 
westellv   swell    the  siul'  is  \>,n\,  mil  talliiiL'  si|iiare  mi  the  lieaili.  Imt  eiillini;    it    al  a    s'iai|i 
Close  inshore  the  eddv  eiirn  lit    iiinsloihe   westward   a;,Miiis|    the  ]iie\  ailinu.  Imt  li^lit,  wi- 
winds  of  siimimi.      I'assen-ers  and   riei;,'hl    are   now    lamhd   at    eit'iei    ol    llie   two   whai.e- 
steaiiu'is  and  sailing;  xesseU,     Smill  v<'sseN  load    and    unload  .it    the  whaiM-s.  Imt  are  iilili_' 
liaiil  olV  to  mom  in;r  Imovs  .'   'ieav\  swell    eoiiii's  in.      Iaiiiil»er  laden  vi-s.s,  is    l'oriiieil\   i 

then  iMr;:ii  111  the  !uatli  at  hi:  r. 

Siiiiln  liitrlnifi;  Point. — 'I'lie  aasterii  |ioiiit  of  the  I kmit  Hill  lias  no  name,  and  \e! 

tlie  most  maiked   in  the  iiiimediaie  a|i|iroaehes  to  the  anelimaue       It    i- a   lii;;h  elitV  at  llie   ■ 

eiiue  111'  a  naiii.w  mesa  iindii   Ilie  Miiithein  slope  ol    llie  lull,  ami  is  m  tact  11 a^lerii  limil    >•' 

llle,>a  ll|io|i  W  hit  ll  till-  ll;.'ht  lioll-r  IS  siliialed.  The  I.eld  of  kel|i  elowdselose  under  It.  W  III", 
inner  eil:;e  is  ill  less  than  three  f.lllioms  .iml  the  outer  ed;^e  in  live  I'.lthmiis  one  I  lillil  of  .1 
tlolii   -.jioir.        The    tell  l.llliOlii    line    lies   onl\    half  .1    mile.  .Hid     the   IweiltV    lall.om    Ir-.^    III. Ml   ;i 

liom  I  lie  shore.  Initimn  sand  and  soit   ;;ieen   mud.      Ill    roli.ir  >     Tamaii/    ma|i  of  ITsil   ii  i,  , 
I'liiit.i  de  Martinez,  but  we  lia\  e  desiijiiated  it    S.mla  I'.arh.iia  I'oiiil. 

Siiiilii  llinliiirn  l.iijht  h(iu>.i  — Wisiwiud  limii  S.ml.i  I'.alliaia  rmiil  llie  naiiow  mes.i  i; 
Loiikoiil  Ihll  lUlls  for  nearly  two  miles,  with.l  model. tte  swelling  out  towaids  till-  south.  '' 
liiih'  west  southwest  I  NV.'sW  . '  tiom  the  |ioiiit.  and  neai  the  -Miuthei  iiimist  |Hiint  of  the  In  i 
Ineated  the  li;:lit  house,  a  lltlle  li  i.k  liom  the  eil;.'e  of  the  elilVs.  Alue.isl  ot'  it  the  Inld  ol 
lie;.Mlls  III  lue.ik  .Hid  lies  elose  undil  tile  lillfs.  with  si\  f.llhollis  ..n  Its  outer  iil;,'e  oul\  one  i|i| 
of  .1  mile  olf  shore  and  ten  fathoms  ,tt  mielliiid  of  a  mile,  h.iid  lioltom.  ()iitside  of  I  < 
I'atlioms.  at  a  little  over  lull'  a  mile,  the  liiitloiii  is  soil  and  stnkv  ;.;reen  mud.  TIh'  tmlsl.i 
line  is  three  miles  oil'  shme  to  the  soinliv     /d  and  westward. 

riiele  is  u  sh.il  |i  ill  |ilessioll  lUst  W  est  of  I  he  1 1  _-||  1  hollsi':  .1  lid  I  he  hlllll  w  li  lih  rillls  a  I'ou  : 
miles  lllilhir  to  the  westward  |s  uol  so  liiL;h.  lelri.its  to  the  liortiiwest.  and  is  iiil  li\  two  or 
sharji  uuMies. 

The   liiililliniiM    sirmi'lie   eoiisists  ot'  a    |il.isierei|   il  w  elliii^;  i  if  mie  ,ind  a  half  stories,  ]i.i 
stiiiie  eolor.  with   jiieeii  sliiiiteis  |o  the  wim'.ows;  a  low,  ;;ra.\,  loiiiid   tower,  also   |ilaslered. 
ill  roll  ;:h   the  eelltel   of  the  roof  of  tli.'  Iiiilldlli;^.  w  ith  a  rilelilai    li.llilsli  ade.  and   I  he  dmiie  of  t  le 
tern  IS  |i.iiniii|  nd.      The   liii;;hl  ot   tin- eeiiii  r  of  th..   l.ini.rn   ali.ne   the   li.ise  of  the   siiini 
lllllls    liiill    leel.       It   is.-illuated  oil  tile  phitiMll  olle    lliimlled  .Hid  el;;lll\    ihl-e    yards  from  tin 

of  the  liliitl  .imi  under  ilie  soiithein   s|o| f  l..i  \ima,  m   Lookout    Hill,  two  miles  sonth  li(I,\ 

decrees  wi  si     .S,  ,",(      W.iIidih    I  In-  einl  ot    the  New    wliaif.  lull   not   lliterx  isilile,  and  one  iii  lie 
seventy    I  wo  de;;lees  west  ".S.  ;■_'     \\  .     hoin  .SmiM   Haili.lia  roilit.       The  lillihlili;;s,  as  seen   flol' 
w.iiil,  will   he  luojei'ted   a;;aiiist    the  hill   liehiml  i!.     The  illiiininat  in^  a|i|i.ii  .il  iis  is  of  the   '• 
iinlir  ol    the  system      f  I'resiii  1.  .iml  show  s  a  Jin  I  irhitr  Uijht.  ilium  111, it  ill;;  the  seaw.iid  h.ill'  i  ' 
llori/.iitl.       The   , lie  of   Vlsiliilily  of  the    ll;:lit,  as  eilt  olV  li\    ti,.     imilels  of  the    hlMlelli,  Is  lioiil 
ei;;hl\   si\  di  „'l.i  s  \us!    loiiml  liy   south  In  south   ei;.'hl>   si\  il('._'rees   eilMl,  or  a  little  le.ss  III  ii. 

the  limi/on.     'llie   li;.'lil  was  fns|   .shiluled   I  »ei liei    I,  I  s'd'i,  as  a  r»'(l  li;:lit,  hut   has  sim  i 

elianyed  to  a  while  one.  The  |i,i;:ht  ol  the  eentei  of  till  lanleiii  aliiive  the  Itase  of  the  slim 
is  Ihirt.v  lour  teel  :  Ihefoial  |i|.iiii  is  one  hundred  , iml  ei;;lit>  three  feel  libovi' the  mean  lev. 
the  sea,  ,ilid  111  r|..Ml    we.illici    ihi'  ll-lll  e.ili  lie  seen  tlolli  a  hel;;hl  of— 

111  l"..il  III   ;i  iliKt.'inir  ill'   Ut     liiilr.1. 
'iU  t'ciit   111   II  lIlKlulHl'  III    '.'llj   IllillM. 


Te.\ . 


,«M 


orthfiisl 
ic  pnitil        I 
ml  liMil  i 
1)1"  llu>.  . 
Ill;:  IViiii 

lllilN,    W  !• 

<].    rih'i 

III'  u  li.i:  ' 

'    li.'M    .p! 

tlint\  iih 
Vti'iiilnl 
.  I  iiil-<  III  • 

Mill  till 
I  ,sl|,ll|, 
l-lll,    U.   , 

"  liai  .  f- 

Mil'  lll'll_' 
111  IIH'I  l\     I    i' 

r,  ami  \  !■: 

\\   III  ll 

I'll  liiiiil  ": 
r  ll .  «  111', 
iliii.l  III'  .1 

-s       I  ll.lll     .1 

7.sii  111-  . 
\\    ljii'-<.l    i: 

IC   Mllllll.        '  ' 

>('  till-  I'i'l 
I'      lll'lil    I'l 

ii\  mil'  i|ii 

illjl'     III'     I     ' 

!■  forty  1.1 
mis  It  ciiii; 

_V  tWil  III    ■ 

imii's,  p.! 
i^li'ii'il. 
iiiii'  lit  I  li. 

If    stl'llrh 

Irmii  I  III 

MlM.lll    lill\ 

iiic  mill'   - 

M'l'll  linr 

111'  till'  /. 

Ill  hall'  I'l 

,   IS  iKllll    - 
less  lli;i)i 

lilH     Milll'f 

I    llic  sllll. 
liii-ail  li'\. 


'.'wa 
'  m. 

I'Afiric  (iivvT  ni.'ir.  HI 

Tlic  ),'('o;;ra|>lii(">l   |ni>itiiiii  nl'  tlic  lii;hl  Ikhi.si'.  as  lii'li'iiniin'il  liv  llii'  Cua.-t    aii'l  (li'uiii'lic  Siir 

T<'>  .  i>  : 

l.iiiiiii.lo    :il  ■.';;  r.i    T  ni.iili. 

l.iiiiKiiiiili. Il'.i  |:'.  II    r.  «i".i. 

,  ,;                   1  )r,  111  1 1  111.' '  '  .'.-  .'.;;•  .i; 

J^        'I'lii'  I'liiiiiniifil   iiia;,'ii('tic  vari.ilKiii  is  II     .'iT' cast    I'm    .laiiiiaiv  I.  I  >>>''''i.  "illi   a   \<'arl,\   iiiiTfasi' 
'V  \'  :!. 

I'luiii  till'  Saiil;i  Marliara  l.i'^lil  \w  liavi'  llii'  Inlliiwiii;;  lii'.iriii;<s  ami  illstaiicrs  In  iiii|i()rtaiit. 
objects  : 

«l'iiiiil  IliH'iii'iiio  l.i;;!il  liiiii'..' S.  T."i  I..,  ilJMlaiil  :iii    null's. 

Kual  I'liil  AiKii  .111:1  I -1. 11:  I S.  .'ll  1...  lii-taiil  '^.I'i  null's. 

I'li'.iiiii'i'.s  llitrliiu S. '.'I  I    ,  ilisl. lilt  '.".M  mill's. 

Nurllinisl  iim'liiir;!.^.',  HitIhi-  li:i\,  S:ini;i  K'u-mi  l-Liml .s.  I'.i  \V.,  iliiliinl  ■>(  iiiili'S. 

I'l  11.11'  Isl.'iiiil.  Cnjlcr's  jl.irli.ir,  San  Mi-iii  1  Nl.iii.l    S.   lU  W  .  ilisluiit  :!ii,  niilis. 

,    .                           I'..iiil  ('.iiiir|iriiiii   l.i::lil'liiiii'.i' S.  -11  W..  ili-liiiil  ;!T  J  iiiilrs. 

^^1"  'I'lic  sci'iiiHJai  \  as!iiiiiiiiiiii'.il  slalliHi  nl'  tlic  Cnast  ami  ( icinli'tic  .'~^iii'\i'>  was  mi  tlic  slii;lii  \\^\- 
jlisl  up  I  run  I  till'  ?ii;:li  walci-  I  i  in-  at  'lie  .Santa  Mai  lui'.i  licaili.  ami  lliii  l\  mic  \arils  smitli  smiiliucsl 
jy.sSN'.)  I'ldiii  the  inner  ciiil  III' ll'     ..ist  w  liai  I' 1  l^iTI  .     ll";  uiuuiapliical  |iii>ilimi  is: 

l.iiiniil.'    .;i       -Jl      ".'I   .1    iinrlli. 

I."i.i;!l".l.' ll'.i        II      ■-'•.'   .1    «.-.sl. 

dr.  Ill  I  mil' 7       .'.-  '      1.'  ■  ..'. 

/■.'/»<//■/'  I.irilits. — 'I'lie  estalilishiiienl  111' lhi.  eli'i'tnr  li-hl  svsli'iiial  .'s.iiila  ll.irli.ua  iiiakcs  il  \  is 
11)1"  I'ai  111  the  castw.ini,  .iinl  «|ieii  a  vcss(.|  is  appni.icliiiiL;  the  \\  hail'  the  clVecl  is  mill  .nil  Iml 
rather  licvN  ililcrin^'.  <  'umiii'.:'  rmin  the  west  waul  .1  vcs-a'l  sees  the  illiiiiiiiiateil  atimisphcic  almv  e  t  lie 
t(i"  II  pi  "ii'i 'till  111!  the  I  lark  lianiiilailis,  the  llulil  ■■  theiiiseh  es  l>'-i|i;;  ili\  isilil(. ;  a  In  I  «  Inn  11 11 11  nil  11;; 
Santa   ILiiliara  ruini  I  he  iileet  is  da/./liii;;.  as  ihe  li'.:lits  luirsi  iipmi  the  eve  with  sinlileii  iiess. 

I'iili  \  (If  Siiiitii  Hiirhiini. —  The  avcra;;e  tiine  ul'  liiuh  water  alter  the  111111111'^  nn'rnliaii  passage 
in  \  L'l  .  ,iinl  llic  lis.'  Ill'  lilies  almxc  the  a\eia;;e  liiNM'i  \i)\\  w.iti'i  111  each  il.i.v  i-  rmir  ami  mic- 
hall  h'i't.  'I'll  liiiil  1  In  I  inns  .iml  hi'i;:liis  nt' t  he  liij;li  ami  luw  u  ateis  nl' e  n'li  ila\ .  lii-^l  (ilitiin  tVmii 
the  I, lilies  111  prcilii'l  lull  I  he  1  lines  ami  he l;; Ills  I'lir  .San  I  )ie^ii.  ,iinl  then  ailil  thills  Imil  iiiiniiti  s  I'm 
tlie  liliic  111' lil;,'ll  water  ami  sllll  ract  three  telllhs  ul' .i  liiiil  I'm'  lis  heiirht  :  till  liiw  \»  ,ili  T,  athl  seM'li 
niiniltcs,  ami   I'm    the  hel;:ht  .nhl  1  'le  telilh  111    a  Inn!. 

.s.iiitii  liinlKiiii  IS  ,1  liiu  11  111  cuii-'iili'ialile  »i/.i'  ami  is  -I'uw  mil;  r,i|ilill>  .  ll  lies  111  the  iniilille  nl' 
ail  auiniiitiiral  tract  nl  liiiiiici!  Iinaillh,  riiniiinu  cisl  ami  west,  at  the  sniillierii  li.ise  ul  the  Sieira 
rnncepcimi.  riic  cliinate  is  (lelii;litl'iil.  The  cnlil,  Westell  ■  wiinls  laiclv  leach  t  his  I'.ir  with  aii> 
folic,  ami.  as  the  tnwn  lies  in  a  Inu  \,illcy  iietweiii  the  I'diiiitaiii''  ami  I  .a  N'mia,  it  is  ninileiali'l> 
Well  plntectcil  llnlil  Ihecniil  l'n;,'s  o|  >imnncl.  'llic  average  leiiip 'l  at  lire  nl'  I  in-  Near  is  almiit  lid 
Fiilii. ;  the  averaire  ram  tall  is  alimit  lilieeii  inclns.  'riie  ^rmiinl  I'miii  the  wliar\es  In  the  mwii. 
H»'ail.\  mic  inilr  ili--l.ini,  is  Inu  ami  ll.il,  Imt  j.;i  ailii  i!l\  ri-is  in  the  \li.ssinii,  which  is  a  \  er.v  pinin- 
lliciit  uli|ecl,  alimil  twn  nnhs  tinlii  the  shnie.  ami  three  liilinlreil  ami  si\  t'cet,  ,lt  its  steps,  alnivc 
the  sea.  'I'lils  lar;,'e  I  WD  tdweleil  liiillillli;:  show  s  w  hllc  a;.'ailisl  thcilaiK  lilcKm  nllliil.  'l  is  nlic  nl' 
the  hll';L;csl  ami  liesi  pic-ei '.  eil  est.ililisliiiieiils  nl'  I  he  Mini  111  I  'alit'nriiiii.  ami  in  I  he  ;;aii|eiis  at  I  ached 
to  it  the  ;;iape  ami  nllVc  Wcle  cllllivateil  with  siicicss.       ll    was  rniimleil    I)ei'elir«er    I,   ITMi. 

Hcuiil.ir  ami  Ireipiciit  cmiiiiiiiiiicalinn  liy  •.leaiiicis,  sailiii^j  \csscls.  ami  l>,\  sia;:e  is  maintained 
with  San  I'laiic-^cn  ami  nth  1  pmls.  and  it  is  in  Iclcuraphic  cnmniiiiiic.itMii  with  San  l'"iaiicisc(i 
Hiid  San  hii'un.      Ill  |ssi(  the  pn]iiil.it  imi  nl  S.inta  Ilaihara  'rnwiiship  wis  .;,  IMt. 

(In  the  lieai'h  at  Suit  I  r>,ii  liara  the  ;;ri'at  Kii-tlnjiiid,  ir/n'i  v.  pmp.i^ial  e.l  limn  the  cnast  nf  Chili, 
hiiM'  l.i'i'ii  iiliserM'd  icccilin;,'  and  leaving  the  hcich  liniad  -r  than  usual  at  Inw  water  and  llieii 
Cniiilli;;  in  ipille  hea\ll\.  Ill  .Seplenilicr.  |s|l:.  the  li'.c  ureal  shucks  and  waves  which  dcstln\cil 
the  .\li-siiin  chiirchrs  nl'  San  . 1 11,111  ( 'api-<lr,inn,  .S.inl.i  ^  nc/.  and  I. a  I'm  i  si  ma  were  t'cll  at  S.int.i  I'.ar 
biir.i.  w  hen  the  witer  receded  I  ruin  the  slime  and  then  let  11  rued  in  live  nr  six  lica\y  ml  Ids.  w  liich 
overlhiwed  the  plain,  and  is  .said  to  h.ive  rciclicil  inl.iml  111  ire  thin  li.ill'  .1  niilo,  to  the  lower  inirt 

Of   tlic  Inw  II. 

•llli;    .siMiniM. 

The  mil\  instance  nl'  the  siiiiiioiii  mi  this  cnast,  mcntimied  cither  in  its  history  or  traditions,  wa.s 
thai  occiirriiit;  at  Santa  Itarhara  on  fridiiy,  the  17tli  of  .liiiie.  |s.",!i.  The  teinperatiire  diirliif;  the 
tlioiiiinu;  was  lictwcen  sc\eiit\  live  and  ei;;hl\  decrees. and  j;i'.idiiall\  and  reuiilarl,\  iiicicascd  iiiilil 
About  one  o'clock  p.  in.,  when  11  lilast  of  hot  an  lioin  the  northwest  swe|it  sui|deiil\  user  tin    tnwn 


62 


I'M  P  ir    i(i.\>l     I'll.m. 


and  struck  tlic  iiili;tliil.nits  wuli  \rr\nv.     ll  wis  i|iii(l.l>  r.illKWfd  In  otlitTs.     At  two  o'cIcm'!.      , 
tliiTiiKHiictfr.  «'\|iii>ril  I"  till'   111,  ruse  to  ciiii'  IhiikIiiiI   .mil    lliiit\  iIiht  «lc-ir.s,  iiinl  (•.nilimn  .i  !■ 
(!!■  IK  ,ir  Mill    iH.iul  lor  ncirl.v   llii"i'   Imiii  >,  « liil>I    tlir  liimiiiu  "  iml    r.iisril  ilnisc   rlninls  nt' J(|i|m, 
Ititlilc  <Iii.nI.     N"  liiiiii  I"  liriii;;  c.mltl  « iili>t,iiiil  ili.    immI.     All  Im'Icmi!,  ilii'Mi-flvo  to  III. Mr  dwil'    _ 
anil  iMicliill.x  cliiMil   (\«i.\  tloui  and  wiiiclnw.      I'lu'  tliicU  <i  Uiln  wills  wuiilil  liaxc  ri'i|iiin'(l  il.i 
JMVc  li.iiiini'  uaiiiK  «1.  .111(1  writ'  .  mi^i  <|iiiiit  l\  ,iii  ailiini  .iulf  inoii  i  1 1..11.     Cahrs,  i.il>liils.  liiiil>. 
Wcro    klllid;    lli'f.-  well'    liliullti-.l  :    Imit    \v.l>    hl.lsl.Ml    and    li'll  t"    lln'    ;.'lnllllil.  Iillllli'il    iilil.\   iMi 
siiic,  .iiiil  ^aidiii-i  Were  niiiuii.      Al  livr   (I'l-lnck  tlir  tlirl  iiiuiarlfl   It'll  In  uiic  liiiiiiin'il    aliil  In. 
t"i)  ilc';:n'i's,  ami  at  m'\iii  it   >iciiiil  ai    scv.in\   ^cmii  ilcuifi's.      A  lisliii  man   111   tlic  1  liaiiiirl 
iilK'ii  lioat  came  liai'K  unli  lii^  .\\\i\-  liailK   lilisificil. 

At  till'  ciitr.iiit'i'  111  ilic  valli'S  ul  I'll  Ti'Mi.  near  roinl  ('niicciici.in.  wliiNt  (•ii;,'a;,'i'il  in  111:1 
asticiiKPiiiiral  uli>i'r\aiioii».  dm  111-  .liil\.  Anvils',  and  Sf|iti'inl>i  r.  Is.'iM,  «,•  |ic(|Ufiitl\  i'\|irii( 
at  ni;;lit  In  it  l>ia>ts  ('.niiniy;  dnw  11  iVxin  Mic  Sicna  ('.ini'<'|M'n>n  al'ti'i  t  wo  m  Iliicc  ita\  s  ul  I'lcai .  • 
Imt  «catlii'i.  111!'  nnitli  wimh  aiiiian-iillv  liriiifXiiiu  llif  licalfd  an  1111111  tin-  \alli'\s  lu'lniid  the  - 
Till'  records  >ihiw  inaiiv  casr.-.  wlnii'  ^-i  irs  Middciih  ln'cainc  >ii  \i\\  dill'ii.scd,  lar^r,  and  niis: 
li\  I  lii'sc  >Im>i  t  hot  blasts  a>  lo  lir  until  I'oi  hIiscm  ation,  I'li'vond  tlic  .iiiiidn  aiicc  and  dc!a\ 
sioju'd  li\  I  Ills  ci  I  III  111  stance  nil  oil  ~i  1  \  al  lon^  \m  ir  inadi'  to  di  Iri  iniin  t  lie  telli|iel'at  lire  <i|'  t  lie  In 
air.      It  hail,  ol   coin  >e.  iio(  iie.ir  >o  eli  \  atcd  a  lein|'ei  at  me    i--  1  h.it    sw  ,  i|iin;,' ov  ci  ."^aiita    |!,u!   i 

.llld   w.ls  i|lllle   tit  till. 

Mil  II II I  'i,    \  iiiiitiiKii.—  Ill  .I.iniiai  \ .  1  N^.'i,  I  lie  III t  I  1 1 11  a  I  in.ii;netn'  d''cliiial  ion  o|  lilti'eii  di 

C.lst     ]i.l>.>ed    ille;:lll,irl>    tllloll;;li    IlieS.lllta     Itai  liaia  (   ll.llinil.       Its  ^iclier.il   lilleitlon   js  e.ist   !!■■ 

east,  |.,i>>iii.:  iii--f  ijortli  of  ."^in  Miirn.-l  Island  1  >  S.mia  I'.ailtai.i.  and  is  then  di'lli'cied  ainii:.  • 
coast  to  .S.iii  r.iuiiavelit  ill'.l.  "  lieii  II  lakes  ,1  iioitliilsl  lis  e.isl  cineetloii.  The  line  inoveH  n  ' 
ward  I  .1    anniiall.v . 

Ill  l.'il'-'  Caluillo  parsed  tills  pl.iie  tietuitn  Ills  aiiclM)ia;:es  at  Sand  roinl  and  near  t  ■ 
I'oilil.  lie  toil  lid  ;;ri  at  lillinlM  i  ^  ol  I  in  I  mm  s  alon^  these  shore-.,  who  e.  line  oil  to  Ills  ships  in  i 
Cillloes,  and  Were  ijiiite  liieiidl.\   .linl  lios|i||ahle. 

S.iiita  r..ii  liai.i  w  .!>  Known   to  some  ol   the  •■.iil\    iiavi;;ato!s   as  the   iload  del  I'riiicipe.  .1 

skeleli  ol    II.  emlil.irlliL:   loiir  liilli'S  of  tin tsl   line,  w  ,is    made    ti\    Don    .losel    'I'oli  ,r  \     Tam.i, 

I7>i(>.*  'I'lie  line  ol  soiiiidinus  oiit>ide  the  Uel|>  l;iie  or  ••  Vei  lia  li.il"  is  se\cii  iaIhoiiiN.  \  I 
r.ilicheria  existed  three  miles  e.i.-l  of  .Santa  I'.ailiaia  and  another  near  the  |iieseiil  site  of  the  ! 
The  jiolllts  to  'lie   w  e>I  WMI  d    Well-    1*11111.1    de     Ne\e      I'olllt    lasllllo    ol    l'l|l|ie,    I'lllit.l    de     M.il 

i.Saiita  I'laili.ira  roiiit'.  and  I'linl.i  ■.     .S.m  l^n.ilio.  near  the  li;:lii  house. 

In  17!'.!  Vancouver  visited  ihe  place  .llld  oliser\ed  the  latitude  a.s  .11  '  '_' I    noiih. 

Till     ('iiii.\t  I. nil   /nun    .s.oiM    lUiihmit     l.iiiht   tn  I'mnt    Ciiiirepriiiii     I  ii/lil. —  This  iieailv    s|i 
line  ot   III. 1st  iiiiis  west  li\   south  to!  thitlvsrveii  and  I  hree  ipiartei's  miles. 

liehind  .s^.ilil.l  r.,lll»ar.l  liie  Snirn  ('miii  fi.  nm  atl.lins  it-,  greatest  elex.ltlon  of  llil'ee  llioi 
ei;;lit  hiiiidied  and  tweiii\  three  leei  wiihiii  loiir  and  one  li.ilf  miles  iif  the  se,i.  The  llank  i>: 
I  aiit,'e  IS  hell'  dee]ils  scaiied  li\  '  I',  iiies  aiid  tiullii's.  a  lid  sparsidy  coveiid  wiih  ti.iilier,  Im' 
lolliii;;  |o;il  hills  ale  Will  I'oveii  d.  I'loiii  somi.  i.f  I  he  i.;\  Hies  .lui)  i;iir;ies  Issue  inaii\  small  si|. 
roiiiierlv  aliomidiii^  with  trout,  from  others  issue  w.iiin  spiiii;;s  h.i\in;;a  lemperaliiie  ol  .i 
117  l''alir.  and  lil;.'hl.\  impre;.'liated  with  sulphilletted  IimIio^iIi.  The  lieij.'ht  ol  the  spiiii, 
liaiiimellie    Illi'.lsuii  liieiit    is  .iliolll   one  thousand    two  hlllidled   leet.        Ihev    lie   tiehind   the   \lll  i. 

Monteeiio,  three  iiiilcs  to  the  eastward  ol   .Sjiiia   Hailiaia. 

I'lie  old  eo.isl   load  to  .s^.m   l''ranilseo  passes  aloli;^  the  shoie  tor  a  dlst.inee  ol'   lil'leeli  or  t  \\ . 
miles  III  I  he    (  i  i\  lola     r.lss  ;    t  heiiee    111  1.1  lid    to  the    .'^.llll.l     N  III  .'    \  .ll  le\  ,   W  h  leli   I'llli  s  ne.l  1  1  \    pi 
with   the  coast   oil   the  ninth   li.ise  III    the    .Sleir.i  ('oU'Cpclon.        the    new    eua't     111. id   le.l\es  lln    . 

aliiiKt  ei;:ht  miles  west  ii|'  .Saiita  t'l.iiliar.t  and  pa.s.scs  over  Ihe  iiioiinlaiiis  at  an  ideviktion  oi 
llioils.iii.l   ti\  e  hillnll  I'd  tcet . 

Snlidiur  iii  l,ii;;e  beds,  and  of  siipeiior  ipl.dity.  tAJst.s  alolitt  Ihe  se.ilioaid  and  m.inilcsls 
ill  all  the  warm  spring's. 

The  1  ll;.'lJed  hills  weslw.ild  III    the  (ia\  lota   I'.iss   come   close  to  the    shiire.  roleiii;,'    lliell.l- 
to  leave  Ihe  lieacli  (or  llieir  .se.t  slope,  the  ii'.ul  passiii;:  over  steep  ridges  and  iK'ioss  sharp  v.il 

'i'lie  s.llidsttilie  terraces  (if  the  immediate  Viellillv  ale  altoiit  ei;;hl\  feet  hl;4ll.il  Iheli.i 
I'iis.s  and  dip  at    an   an^ile  of  foils  de;;i s    int. ■  the   se  a.  Im  luin;,' ,i   hiilw.iikol   n.iliii.il    m.is 

a;,Minst   fill  Iher  eliei'oael Ilts.       Tills  ele\  .Ited   lell.lie  ciintiiiili-s  lliim  S  lUl.l  li.ll  ll  ir.l   !o   I'ollil  I 

•rillillsllnl   hj     |l;ih\llil.lr  III    i;-'.l. 


i'Acii-i('  coAsr  iii.or. 


.;;{ 


fcoiH'iiiii,  iiltliiMi,'li  it  is  t'ori'cil  ImrK   from  the  iiniin'iliMic  -Ihui' line   in  niii' iir  t wn  pLiccs,     In  tliis 
'«lj>lan(t' il  IS  (III  li\  iiuiin'ri'iis  airovos  ninnin;;  cluu  II  Irmii  iIm' iii(iiiiil.nii>.     'I'lii'ic  is  only  one  pass 

lirtwtTii  tlir    liivcr    riin'n.ivrntiii'ii   and    I'liint    ( 'ciiiicpi'iiin.  ainl   llial    i>   tin-  ( ia\  iota,  wliirli  ,tt  its 
-    Miiiiiui!  at  Santa  ('in/  is  scmii  lininliril  feci  alio\c  ihr  ncian. 
*'  'I'd  the    wi'stw.iiil   of  Santa    ISarliaia    art'   scMial   ••  laniliii;:s,"  whcir    |iiiiilin'r  is   sliippcil   liy 

nKMiis  of  liulitiTs  aiii'lii'itil  lint  >iil('  llii'   sint'.     Soinr  of  llitiii   lia\f  siibstiiiti.il  uliaiAcs,  at  wliiili 

till'  coastllit.'  siraiiii'is  ri ciiNc  ami  drltv    '■  fli'i;;lit. 

(liilitit  I'liint.' — Till'  liist  III   tlii'sc  iainliii;rs  is  ilif  (I'.lcla.  soimtinirs  lorallv  known  as  Moir's 

J.aiicliii;:.     it  is  niiili'i-  (ioii'la  I'oint.  wliicii  forms  tin'  ucstctn  snli'  of  a  lnjilit  near  the  mtraiict'  to 

(Jolcia   {''.sti'io.     'I'lii'  poinl    is  .sondi  ti;;lil\    ili';;nis  wot  i  S.  so     W  ,5.  ilisiant   mx  milis  froin  tin' 
'  tSaiila  Hail'aia  l,ii:lit  house,  on  the  same   lie.iiinu  as  the    I'oinl  ( 'oiiee|M'iciii  i.i^lit.      I'.etweeli  thest' 

/two  li;;hts  il ast  is  lii;:li.  exei'pt    for  three  or  loin    miles  east    .mil  west  ol  ( iolet.i  I'oint.  wliere 

•n  series  ot'  l.i^oons  ami  low    laihls  stieteli   liaek   over  two  miles.     From   the  extii'inily   of  I'oint 

(loleia,  w  hii'h  is  a   iiu'sa  tliirl\    feet    liiuh.  the  low  elilV  slime  :ins   noitliw.inl   three  i|uarteis  of  a 

,    mile  to  I  he  low   sain  I  spit,  whnh  stielehes  Ihelne  to  I  he  east  w  .nil  lor  .ilioilt  one  mile  to  a;,Mlll  meet 

■  the  low  liliitV  riimiin;:  towanls  Santa  I'.arliara  with  inere.isin;;  lii'i;,'lit.     Tiie  cut  ranee  to  theestero 

.isalionl  twothinlsof  a  mile  ainii;;  the  saml  spit  after  leaving;  I'elieaii  liliilV.    iiiil  the  lanilin;;  was 

fiU'nierl>  at  this  point.     Uiit  <loleta  l,.niilin.u  is  now  further  to  the  east  waul,  two  niJli  s  north  six  ty- 

'■'OIH'  ilejiree.s  east  (N.  I'l      I!.    Iiom   the  point,  and   iieail>    four  and    one  hall    miles  west   from  the 

iHaiila  ilarliar.i  I.i^ht  iioiise.     lleie  a  wharf  six  hundred  feet  loii;^  lias  heeii  hiiilt  out  to  ten  feet  at 

-*'low  water,  and  .it  whnh  the  steamers  l.nid  to  neeive  and  delivtr  theii  fiei;,'lii.     This  is  tlii'  ship- 

''liiiij;  plaeo  for  the  \ast  ipi.inlilies  of  asph.dtiim   foiiiid  in  the  \  ;einiiy. 

Iliillleili.itely  under  the  east   side  III' ( loleta  I'oint   tlieie  is  ,i  sl:;.;hl  lileaUili  t  he  shore  Kelplield. 

yTlieiiee  to  the  eastward  to  w  it  hi  ii  two  miles  ot'  Santa  r.aihara  l.i;,'ht  the  lield  is  hiciad  and  eompaet, 

.,  with  ti\  e  to  six  tal  lioiiis  thionL;lioiii  it  and    no  Know  i;  danL:ei  s.     (>iitsideo|   ji  i  he  dejiih  ineri-ase.s 

Vti)  t  Willi  \    latiioihs  at  one  and  a  hall'  miles  oil    the  shore  of  the   lil;;hl,  w  itii  a  liottoiii  of  soft  ;;ieeli 

55linid.     (HVCmlcta  i'liint  the  depth  o|  water  i-*  eiulit  fathonis  ilose  in  anion;;  the  kelp :   to  the  west- 

jwaid  the  kelp  lield  is  nnlitoken    p. 1st  Coal  Oil   I'oint  and  :iM'  miles  liexoiid.      it  is  ilose  inshore  at 

.^fj'tlie  I'liint.  with  ei;;lil  to  tell   latlioiiis  on  its  outer  eil;:e,  and   iiiereases  in  linadlh   to  neaiiy  a  mile, 

'SVheie  there  is  a  leil;;e  i  desei  died  iimler  the  head  of  the  Stni'ii  IliDhiim  ('/hiiiinli. 

S         I'roiii  I'oint  (lolet.i  to  rmiit  ( 'oiieeiieion    i.iuhl  the    list.iiae  is  tliirtv  oiie  and  two  thirds  miles 
J  ■'t  I  . 

#»aiiil  the  lu'arin;:  south  i  iL;h!\   iie;;iees  west   (S.  ,stl     \\  .  . 

^|.         (iidl  Oil   I'liint.      Two  miles  w iM    li\   suiilh    W.  Ii\  S. )  t'lom  (ioleta    I'liiiii  is  anolliei    low  mesa 

&"''"'•  '^i'"Wli  to  the  sailin;,'  masters   Ky  thealiove   nine,      lietweeii  il  and  ( inlela  I'liint  the  short'- 

J^ille  Is  iieai  l>    sti.ii^lit:    to  the  w  est  W  aid  il   letle.its    toiioitjiwesl    li\    west     N\\'.li\    W.     lor    two  or 

i^liree  miie.s.  w  hell-  I  he  low    hlnlt    lieeomes  hl;;liel .      I  nilin  d  i.iti  l,\   luliind   the  point   is  a  l.ir;:e  la;;oon 

Hill  loiiiided   li\   nii'sa  land,  w  liieli  is  iVitiii  one  and  a  h. df  to  I  wo  miles  luo.id.      Iniinedialel.N  oil  the 

,^Hiiiit  the  kelp  IS  a  narrow,  eompaet  Held,  w  illi  ei;^ht  l.ithonis  on  its  outer  edue  and  Iwents  f.ilholiis 

Snithin  a   mi'e   fioin   shoie,  o\ei    a   lioiiomof  line   i^ia\  s.ind   and    L^ieeii    nnid.      The  oiieliiindied 

'  Tallioiii  line  ,ipp  roar  lies  1  'o,d  Oil  roiiil  eloser  than  at  any  uhiee  liet  ween  I'niiil   1  Iiuneiiie  and  I'liint 

<'()iu  e|ieion  :  it  isonl\  ihne  miles  troiii  shore,  w  iih  a  liotlmn  ot' sot'l  ;,'reen  mud.     'I'he  t  w  o  hnndied- 

fatlmin    hue  IS  onl\   t  liiee  ami  a  li.ill'  miles  ,ilV  shore,  o\  er   \\\r  same  eh.ii.ietei  of  liotlom;   and,  in 

fa-       the  three  liillidied  l.lthoiii  liasin  of  the  ehaniiel  heads  low.irds  this  low    l.ind. 

ill  the  ihannel  alneast  of  ( 'oal  Oil   I'oinl  I  he  smell  of  jiet  1  oleum  is  almost   o\  ei  powei  1111:  for  a 

tlile  or  two  oil'  shore,  .ilid  It   pelie'iales  e\  eiy  li.il  t  of  a  vessel.      It  eo\  el  s  the  w  ,iler  with  all  1  rides- 
I'lit    pelUele,  and  Is  |p|.iinly  visjlde  e\en  in   niooiili;:lii.     A  sieamerwill    iiiii    iliioii.:li   this  eo.doil 
v|lliiiosp|ii>re  ill  ahoiit  ten  miiiiites. 

in  Oetolier.  l.'ilL'.  Calirilio  aiielioreil  in  tlie  lii;;lit  alioiit  two  and  a  h.ilf  m  three  miles  wes|\\aid 
lipf  <  I'.d  '  )il  I'oint,  wliere  Coopei's   Laiidiii;;  now   is. 

*^        Next  ill  order  are  several  small   laiiiiiuy;s  without  w  hai  \  es.  w  In  re   piodme  has  lieeii  siiip|ied 

-\ty  means  of  lirhlers  and   hoats.      ('iiiiji,r\    l,iiii<liiiii  1- ai  the  mouth  of  the  Canada  de  las  .Vriii.is, 

two  and   oiielifih    miles  west-norl  liwe.st  1  W  N  W  .  1  from  Coal   Oil    i'oinl    and   ten   miles  from  Saul. i 

•v^uiliaia    I.i^lit.      /><>.s  ritililtis  l.iiiiilniii  is  twelxf  .iiid  one  hall  nulls  iiom  S.nila  I'.ailiaia  l.i;,dit  and 

two  .-ind  one  half  miles  west  waul  ot'  Cooper's  l.andiiiL;.  at  I  lie  eastern  limil  ot  the  Ion:.;  lield  of  kelp 


si 


*  I  Ills  liii.s  limi  |iiT\  iiiii-<l>  Uiiiirt  II  111  I  lie  I  •.i.i>i  Sill  \  I'j-  \MiiU  a^  I'f  nil  I'l  11.  an.  I  'ii  an  ullii  i.il  iiia|i  nl  tin-  Ivan.  Ii"» 
f  Caliliinna  il  isralliil  I'liiiit  S.iIIikis.  Ii  !■.  n.iiunl  rrniii  llii'  I  k  1  el  ,1  »<  Ihkhut  liaMiij;  been  tmill  in  llie  I.i^hmm 
•"ill  II,  >.  ii-f  I II' I'm  I-  I  111-  I  iiiiiiti)   wa-.  traiisri-in-il  In  tin    I  niii-il  Siali's. 


■i  -Il 
f    ■ 


H     1 


!^ 


tU 


r\c  iric  i  iiA'^ I    I'll  111'. 


Ih'IM  !■  Ill  S.illl.l   I'.. nil, DM.      Till'    Tdliiniiix   /,(»i/i;i</  i-i  MMIitcill  miles  «i'sl«;ircl  tV'illl  S.llil;l    |;.i       n 

liiplii  iiiiil  iirar  till' t', 111. til. I  ili'l  li'cliiL'i". 

("alillllit  ailflliilnl  fltlnM   illilf.lsl   III    Illf  r  111.11 1.1  ill!    ItiUmin  111    .1  mill'  In  I  III'  \»r.-<I«,ilil. 
Haiiotil*    l.iinilinij. — 'rilc    rmi.-O   lllir.it   lllr   o|irlilli;;  hI    t  lir  » i.l\  ml  .1    l'.l>>    li.is    ,illiMil\    In. 

.sciiln'il.      Till'  >.iiiiNliiiii'  rliir>  ,111'  iiliiiiil   t'i;.'liu  li'fl   aliiiM'  llic  M'.i,  .iiiii  iliji  al  an  aii;:lr  111 
»lf;;iri>  'iiw.inU  llir  w.iti  r.    'Ilir  rlil)>  lui'siiil  a  li'ir.iri-  liUr  Miilai  T  limn  mmu  .ml,  willi  a  pfrnl 

III  I ;;  lit  .iliij  >i Ill  I  liiiiil.  iiw  iii^  111  I  III'  I  lllr  111  si  I  all  111  .11 11  111  liriiiu'  |iii".iilil  w  ll  li  I  la'  ni.isl  line. 

liiihxaiU  III  ii.ilnial  iimsnnn  is  rut  IIiiiiiil;Ii  Ii.\  at  ion  ii'».  tin-  l.iii;i'sl  nl  « liicli  i>  al  llir  '  i.i\  Ini.i  i 

Tills  )jas>  is  till'  liinlltli  111    a  raiinll  rilllllli;    llil'iill^'ll  llir  ."s|rl  la    ( 'nlli  rlirinll    In  llli-  S. lilt, I    \  In 
li'\ ,  u  lilili  lies  .1  111  11  It  I  I'll  null's  til  I  111'  liiiilli«.iiil  .11  111  1 1,1 1. 1  III' I  \v  illi  till'  i.iiil;!'. 

Tlic  laiiillii;;  Is  at  t  lir  iih'iiIIi  ul   llir  ti.ivnita    I'a.ss,  t  \mmiI  \  si\  niiirs  In  the  west  w  an!  i»f  .'<   ; 
Marl  I.I  I  a  l.i;:lit  ami  twilx  r  ami  mn'  lliinl  in  i  Irs  nr.ii  l\  iim  iliia--i  i  M!,  i  nl    I'niiiM  nnrriirnin  I 

It   lias   ;i     Mlli>taii:i,ll    \nIi,III    nnr    Illnil-ainl   Irrl     lull;;.  Iiaill   mil    In    >l\Irill     li'il   .It     |ll^^    W.lli'l. 
nlllrl   mil  nl    I  lir  \\  li.ii  I    l>  ilisiilr  I  lie  Itilirl   nl-i-  nl    lllr  l^rl|l  iM'lil.       \  rssrl>  riiinill;;  In  tins  W  li.ii  ' 
infill   alraiiliil   li\     1  llLlliI   slni«li    iVnin  llir    w  .ilrlmiisr   nil  llir   nllirr  mil.      'I'lirv   |i.|ss    lliioil:; 
ki'lp  mill    ,iml    int.i    ill. II    u.itti     iii>|ilr.       \\  lull    a|'li|n,lrlilliu    at   iiil;1iI    I  lir  l\rl|i  r.ili  lir  Irailll 
I  in;:ilislli  i|       li\      llrC    Sllinnllirr     ^llll,lir,     «iilill     1-.     1 1 1  i|  lim  I  1  \      mil  llltlnl     ,|Mil     liri',:lll      III     nillnli' 
Slrailirls  Mill  ,llnll;:   the  West    >liir  nl    lllr   s\  li,ll  I    .lllil    lirail  llnllll   li\    \M"«t      N.   Ii\    W    i   wlirll   \\  \     . 
II.        Tlirlr  IS  ;."rlii  I  ,lll\    a  >lri>li;.'   VVIIhI  llnin  slimr,  .l|i|iai  r  n!  1\    ill, lU  III-  IIiUHIuIi   llir  jia^s,  rVrli 
tlh'I'r  is  nil  Wiml  rUrwIirlf.       In  .l|i|ilnai  llill.;.'    tin'  l.imlinj;,  vrs^rls  Invr  jjir   I'mlll   ( 'nlli'r|icinli    I     . 
wlu'li  niir  inilr  nilt^iilr,  lull  ,il   llial  ili-laiiro  llir    lir,;:lil   lililiVs  r.iii  lir  in,iilr  mil. 

Mmiiil  •  i.iv  i.it.i  Is  thr  limitall  Illf  inaUiii^tlir   lamliii;;.      Ii    is   tlit>  l;i;;lir»l  peak  rast  nl    I 
< 'ii|irr|H'lii|i,  ami  tlir    ll>r    i-.\rr.\    ili,ilkiil    riniii    llir|i,i.>N.      .Miuiil    lliirr  nillrs  \M  -.f  nl'  the  pa- • 
llirir  praUs    in    ;llr    InVMT    r,in;;r    111    llir    liliill!it,llll>,  "lilill  .lie  il-i'ij  a>    appi  n.lrliiii;;    liiaik^  1' 

,s|i-aincr  raptiin^. 

da  villi  a   1-  nnr  nl    llir  sliippili;.'  piillils  nl    tlir  ."saill.t   \  lir,'    \  .lllr\   a  III)   lllr  Slliallrl    \  ,tllr\  s.       I 
t  tall  1 1    l>  1 1  nnr  li\    --trainrrs.  ami   lin  S.llllli;;  \  rssil-  mnir  linr  r\<r  pi  U  Itll  r.ll  i;ncs  nl    lllinlirr  : 
tun  ailllllall>  .       It    Is  nr\  rl    Inn  Iiill,:li   Im    siraimi  ^  In  ill,-.i||,il;4r  .iml  In.nl.       .\  l.ll  ^r  aninlllit  III 
iillil  nthrr  plnilllrr  i>  slilppril  tViilll   tills  lailillll^'. 

\  rs«r|s  sjliilllil  nut  .111.  Iml  lirai  tlir  (l.ivinl.l  I'a-s  iinarinlllit  nl  tlir  pri\  I  llllli:  lll^ll  \> 
t'inlii  lllr  liiiltll«aii|  ami  wrstwilii  wlinli  surrp  lliriill;.'li  it.  'I'lirlr  is  -..C.;!  aili'linlaur  tlirrr  ' 
In  llir  r.lstWiilil  nf  tlir  ]ias>  limlri  llir  lil^t  sli;:lil  piillll.  |ll»t  Ilisiilr  llir  mitrl  ril;;r  nf  tin 
\v  Inir  SI  \  m  t.ll  linliis  iii,i\  lir  ||,ii|  oMI  l.iir  :^Ia.\  s,iml.  \\  I  liis  plarr  t  lir  Urlp  l'^  sninrw  li,lt  In. 
Tlir  appln,irll  In  tlir  sli,,|r  li\  Irail  Is  lc;,'lll.ir.  Tlir  llillt\  tltlmlll  lllir  Is  tlnlii  .1  lilllr  In  a  llllli 
.1  Illll  nil  slmlr  nVrl  a  linttiiin  nl'  liin  ;.'|.iy  saml.  iml  llir  tnrl.\  l.lllinln  lilir  Irnlii  twn  |i>  tWn  i 
ll.lll    nillrs  iiM'l    linr  ;:!  ,|\    s;iiiil.ini|    iiHiil. 

iidis  (it  Ii, III, ,1,1  l.iuiiliii'i. —  Tlir  (  niiritril  I'.st.ililisli  airiil ,  nr  a\fra;;r  tiiiii'  of  Iiiuli  wain  . 
I  lir  limnn's  Iiirl  iiliaii  passu;;  r.  Is  I  \  I'll  ,  Mill  I  till-  .i\  t'l.l^;r  I  isr  nl  tlir  tlili'  aliii\  f  I  lir  Inr.iii  Inw  i' 
Watl'ls  nf  r.lill  i|a\    Is  Iniir  ,111,1   iijiir  tilitlls  Int. 

Tn  liinl  ilir  tiiiirs  ami  iiri;:lils  nf  ra.'li  lii;;li  ami  Inw  wattT  I hrmi;:linin  tlir  vrai',  takr  llir  I 
ami  ltri;,'lils  I'nr  the  ;.'i\i'ii  liilrs  I'lir  Sin  I  »ii.;.'n  rinin  t  In-  iinniial  tnlr  t.iMrs  nf  the  Cn, isi  .siii\  .-v 

tnr  tlir  Illlir  III'  lll;:ll  «.ltrr  aiM  s|\t|,|.||  niiniltrs,  ami  Inr  tlir  lirl;;lit  snlircnt  I'niir  truths  nt  ,1 
In!    liiu    w.llrl    aiM  tlllltrrll   Inilllltrs,  ,inil   |n|    |||r  liri;;lil    sulilf.lrt    IVVii  trIllliH  nl    a   Innt. 

Tlir  aili'liiil.i;;r  nil    tlir  (Javinl.i  is  ,rll,iilil\  tlir   rnritiiilr  las  .Sartlinasdl'  r.iliillln.  I,'ilJ. 
fills  Inrality  \'i/i'aiiiii,  ItliiL'.  Inrairs  "a  l,ii  ui'  I  ml  I. in  tnu  n,"     ( l,i\  mla  ,iiiilmr,i;;r  w.is  n.iinnl  I' 

I'nllnla  I'Xprilll  lull.   III    i  Tli','.  1..1  (i.llilnl.l. 

<,,li-,,,'ii    I', Ilk. —  i'liis  pr.ik.  Ill    llir    rirst   linr    nf     llirrli.lili    ii|    tlir    ,'-i|rll.l    ( 'niii'rpi'lnll  n|    ,-- 

^  lit'/  Mniinlains.  is  Iwn  ami  nnr  lialf  miles  iimtli  iiiiirti'm  ilenrrrs  east  (  N.  I'.t  |',.i  I'lniii  llir  i 
till-  ^\  liai  f  a  I  llir  n  mil  III  nf  tlir  <  i,i\  int.i  Pass,  ami  alt. 1 1  lis  an  ele\  at  mil  nf  twn  1 1  im  ism  ml  Inn: 
illril  ami  tifl,\  sevrli  fret.  It  Is  in  lallll|ile  ,;i  .'ill'  00". 7  linltll.  ainl  |n|i;;ill"lr  IL'H  II  .">,S '.II 
It  is  the  lamllall  Im  inaUinu  tlir  lia\'iiit,i  l.amlin^'. 


m 


KL   rii\ii    AM  imiiAi.K. 


f)iie  ami  a  half  miles  rasi  unit  lira  st  l'",NI';,l  llnlil  I'mnt  l  'nnrrprinn  l.l;4llt  linilse  is  the  ail' 
aye  of  I':M 'n\ii.  ntV  thr  \allr\  nl  thr  s.iiiir  name.  It  IS  lliiil\  si\  ,iiii|  a  ipi.il  lei  iniirs  ll'nii 
S.lllla    I'.irlial,!    1,1;:  lit,       I  >lir  mile  siiiilh  r|;;|il  \    tun  i|r,.;rrrs   r.ls|   (,s».  .S'_'  ■•    \'..)  t'liilii    I'm  III   (  'nlirr; 


', Sill  llllli,     .\li"lll.|   lui-.iliili^;  li;i,<  111!  II  :ls.,l^Niil  111  H  -    :i  lot  i,i'il  I  .r,    ;    mill  iu'liri,  u  iinl.li  .il   lipl  k  111  !  lir  luiilllil  , 


^^JMJ 


-/_  . 


p. Hill  (  i'liii')iti.>ii  l.iylil-luiiiHiv  \\  ,  J  .-i  ,  |','<  iimIhii. 


■  irl. 


'-•ra 


T  ~        '      I  illMWilll  I  ■      I  -         •         KTT  -- 


t Dim  I'tJiiii.  I  mi)  Aiiehoragt. 

I'M  lit  ('lilirt|llMlll.  W.  J  S,  (>  lluIlN". 


'"'->C*r^ 


j^pp,':.-—' 


-.-y;--X..?f"SiftT-t- 


(■.111.  I'.inil 
I'oilit  Com-fpti""  l.i){lit  liiHi«', 
W.tiy  N.  i  N.,lii  iiiilnii. 


Coxii  Am  horiigi 


Uichorajff. 


-Z'^Ju^  '  '' '  '••>  "^  TJ*'  J  ~T  ■•'    -  If 


S3'I3I!5t"' 


S'^T-'ynTrw- 


'^-'*-^.  ■-<°.■ 


Coin  All! hnnigiv 


"'i^'s^i'^'' 


< "  rfyr?:T.rtrr  f  * . .  - ,  ^    ^^^  i  ^ir^-xr^ 


Triii!(|inll(u.  Momiiaiii,  ■-M;i(i  fert. 


T 


I 


i         I.' 


^i^^"^''' 


''"li 


Point  Coaeeption  Llght-boo«e,  Q<:venineDt  I'uint, 
NW.byW.|W..5ailM. 


WtfJ^..^"  'gy'-'?lt.rJLsyj?!5J*''.*ii?T 


^^^iiw^jpii^iiiwi|;iiy^ 


hHi.tn  Kcsii  UhimI.  >r..  I  K  .  ;C  iihIc 


->*. 


^fffo- 


^^^-r" A 


^ 


\nt, 


(   lilii  .\ln'lii>l»ni' 


.;tfK 


i.  '•*■ 


I'l'  lit  C'li.  t  I'll 


1   i^llt   iioiMr 


f*ar"- 


^all   Ml)-!..  I   Idlllli.l,  >■►.    Iij   X     Vl'linlr 


i? 


'!■ 


H 


I 

I 


4 


I'Aciiic  covsr  I'lLoT.  '!5 

LijJtlit  is  II  low  rofky  imiiit  known  as  (iovcriirniMi  ruiiit,  only  twc^nty  ft-ct  iiliovc  tin;  sea,  iilllioii;,'li 
riwiii;,'  slowly  inland,  and  llirci'  qnailiTs  of  a  mile  noiihiMst  liy  inntli  i  NK.  l>y  N.)  from  tlii.s  jioint 
IS  tlu'  aiu'lioiiim'  of  111  ('o\o. 

Tin'  ;:ii'al  licll  of  kclji  wliicli  hast'ontinncd  almost  unintfi'riiplcdlN'  from  Santa  liarhnra  (leases 
iit  Kl('o\o,  and  the  smlden  elianj^e  of  tin'  sliore  line  towards  the  sontli  \'i<v  I  liiee  (iiiarleis  of  a 
mile,  with  modeiali'l,\  liij;li  (^litVs,  form  i  an  anrliniaLre  that  is  lielter  tiian  Sania  liail>aia.  wilii  the 
k»  Ij)  iinnii  less  compaet.  We  tiisl  latided  upon  the  beach  of  this  cove  in  l.S."i(>,  and  for  inuic  th.iii 
tliivti  months  ui'ie  eneamped  in  the  vaile\  ol'  tin'  same  mum'  opening  npon  tlie  aiieho!a;,'e.  \'es- 
sel.s  (roiuin^t  fiom  the  nm  I  liwest  ward  pass  I'oiiit,  ( 'oneepcioM  at  a  distam-e  of  aliont  three  ipiailefs 
of  a  mile,  tioMi  ran  i-ast  by  north,  and  ^.'ladnally  lonnd  the  hiw  lilnlV  {<  iovernment  I'oin!  i  one  mile 
distant,  fioi.i  tiu'eajie,  niviiii;  it  a  lieitli  of  halt'  a  mile;  then  run  on  a  inn-tli  iioi  I  lieast  eonise  for 
tlirce<(liarteis  iif  a  mile,  when  tin'  v.illey  will  open,  with  a  sand  heaeh  olV  it.  On  the  west  will  he 
nn>(leiatel>  iii^;ii  lilniVs,  ent  !>>  tuo  small  aifoyos,  ^\nehoi  cmiside  or  inside  the  kilp.  aeeordin;;  to 
the  choiee  (if  depth,  live  falhmns  liein;;  ulitaiin'd  wit  liin  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  of  the  shore,  with  hard, 
Siiiuly  liotlmn.     'i'en  tathotns  wati'f  will  lie  found  half  a  mile  iV'Mii  shore. 

About  one  and  a  thinl  miles  eastwardly  of  the  Coxo  is  the  anehora;,'!'  of  the  old  Coxo,*  otf 
till)  nmnth  of  a  small  stream,  w'n-re  there  was  (KS.STi  ii  whalin;,'  station.  The  ain'liora;^!'  is  open, 
but  it  is  represented  thai  the  sit  1 1'  does  not  break  so  heavily  on  tin'  beach,  because  a  reef  stictehes 
outward  from  euh  point  of  the  eo\e  and  towards  the  middle  liin'  of  the  entrance.  'I'liese  snnill 
ret'fs  break  the  fall  Con,   "•'  the  \\estiin  swell. 

Tiio  iiriinaiy  astKniomical  station  of  the  Coa.st  and  (ieodetic  Survey  (I.s,")()j  was  at  I'.M'oxo, 
on  tli«  top  of  the  bliitf,  one  hiiinlred  and  li^i  feet  above  the  sea,  and  between  two  hnmlred  and 
fifty  and  thii'c  hundred  yanls  west  half  .south  (W.  .US,)  from  the  month  of  the  cicidi.  lbs  i;eo- 
t;riii)liiciil  position  is  as  follows: 

l.aiiuuii' :ii      -'    I'-  .:  Moiiii. 

l.OllKillHll' I'J"  -I'        •'"     .'■     Wisl. 

Or.  intiriio -'     "1       I''   1 

Th«  niat,'nctit!  variation  was  l.">''  tl.s'  east  in  .January,  1^S,">,  with   a  yeiily  increase  of  I'.ii. 

A  liydroLjrMphic  sketch  of  the  aiiehora^ce  was  lirst  issued  from  the  Coast  Survey  < )lliec  in  l>!."il.'. 
SiiK'o  then  tlie  location  is  sii  licienily  shown  on  the  .Santa  liarbara  Channel  .Sheet  (d'  !"<Sl'. 

There  is  a  laiue  raiicho  at  I'.l  Co\o.  and  it  is  one  of  the  \eiy  best  t!a<'ts  for  LTra/in;.'.  .\t  the 
head  of  the  \al!e\s  ami  in  the  mount. iins  is  a  .-.pecies  of  lai;,'e  li\eoak,  \ery  brash  \\licn  newl\ 
cut,  but  ^'lowiiii;  haid  by  seasoniii;,'. 

The  water  of  all  the  streams  in  thi>  \iciiiit\  i^  i|nite  bitter,  but  in  the  mountains,  when-  the 
HtrOiim.s  pass  over  the  j;ianitc,  the  water  's  ^ood. 

Forrelo  s,i>s  "thes  called   this   harbor  of  ( ialeia  t  de  Todos  Santos,"  and  C.ibrillo 

iinchoreil  here  Nov  ember  J.l.'i  IL.'.     There  w.i^^  a  vei  \   lar;;i  i'     it     '  ■    nine  called  \i\  ' 

In  pas.siiiu  th'valleyof  I'A  Coxo,  in  17'.'.'!,  N'ain'onvrr  --.iw  ii  Im'  \  ;  la-c,  the  inlnior  iu.s 
of  wiiich  made  si;;ns  fiu-  hiin  to  land.  J'lie  last  canoe  of  the  Indian-  .  lus  \  iciiiity  was  m  'ideiil- 
iiU}'  (lostroyed  by  onr  I'.iily  in  1S.">II, 

I'oiNT   coNi'l'.l'cittN. 

Tills  characteristic  and  remarkaiilc  headl.md,  about  two  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in  In  .„'lit, 
lii'M  on  the  north  side  uf  the  western  entrance  to  the  ."<aiita  I'.arbara  Channel,  wlueli  is  twenty 
inile.s  wide  bet  ween  daiit^crs.  ( >iice  seen,  it  will  ne\  cr  be  toiuotteii.  When  mad-  uom  the  north- 
ward (U"  from  the  eist  w,i  id  it  rises  as  a  small  island,  but  upon  approach  it  is  found  to  be  a  hiuh 
priMiioiitory,  stretch  in;,'  boldly  into  the  ocean  and  tciniinalini;  abrupt  ly.  The  land  bilijnd  it  sinks 
eoin|mriitively  low  and  then  uradnally,  but  soon  lapidls,  rises  to  the  inonnlains,  v\ !.  ■  h  tin  an 
elevatiiMi  of  about  two  thousand  tlvc  hnndrcd  Icct.  within   tliiee  and  a  half  miles  ,'oint, 

Ihiith  of  tlir  S<nitii    Hdilidid   (luiiiHil. — The  distance  from   I'oint  Concepcion  i^icliardsoii 

liock,  oil'  8an  Mi;;iiel  Islaml,  is  twenty  one  miles  in  a  south  liilt  east  (S.  K  V..)  din'ction  nearly. 
and  on  this  course  the  distances  of  the  curves  ol  eipial  <leptlis  of  waterolV  I'oint  Ci«iicepcioii  are, 
tifty  futhoniN  at  two  miles,  one  hundred  fitlioms  at  three  and  three  tpiarters  milos,  one  hundred 
and  lllty  fathoms  at  live  miles,  two  hundred  fathoms  ,it  seven  miles,  and  two  hundred  and  titty 
fiitU(»«is  al  ten  miles.  l''roiii  forty  (athoms  on  the  innth  side  to  sixty  or  seventy  fatluMiis  on  the 
.south  Bide  the  bottom  is  ;;ray  mud. 

'hi  I  <iii)  I  i(.;.)      On  till'  CcKlHt  Siiivty  clliirl  it  i''  ri'u;umcl  l.itlli'  t'lixii. 
17'.»il  1-  .' ,-. 


i? 


GG 


I'M   II  IC     (OAM      ril.i>T. 


/)(lM(/cr«.— Thr  w.il.T  KlV  tins   lic;lill.lliii  >'f  r>>inl  ('(>M<-.'|irioii  is  Imld.      'I'lic  iiiil\  liii|<l<  n 

known  iMiiiirili;iIil>   ii':i|.'i    111.'   iM,.c  ,iM'   .1   l'n;i,    ro.  A.  iiiMilv  ilwaNli.  I>«I  with    li .111.1    I 

tln'd  .Minis  stmt  li  «>r  iIh'LiituI   tin' r.i|ir.  mi  « Inrli  s<)iiu>  of  the  Calitin  ma  Htraiinis  li.i\r  • 
vt-ry  I'l'^try  wcailnT.  ImI..!,-  tln'   iilacnii;  ui  a  !'ii;i  si;;nni    licn'.  and  a    >"'l.  "itli   ilurc  lii  i  .  ' 
iilMin  it  li'iir  truths  ol'  a    imli'  \m'>I  nintliwfst  i  \\  N  \V.  i  rimn    tlif  lii;lil  Ii.him'  ami  mih' .|iiii; 
mill'  iilV  tlii»  wcstcin  slmif.     A  |'at<li  dl'  Ui'l|>  is  laid  dxwii  alxml   it.     It   is  niic  IuiikIk.I 
>arils  diy  a  \isiliU'  nn-k.  wliii'h  is  I'lj^lily  1>,\   twi-iv   yards  in  <  \liMif. 

Sniniiliiiiis  nniuii'l  l'-<inl  l''>)ii,  ini.iii.  —  iiir  tlmr  latlinm  i  iiivr  lcill(iu>  llic  -.Ihiir  Iihim:. 
alMMil  iiiu'  lil'lli  i>r  a  iiiilf  di>laiit  ;   llii-   tfii  tatliinn   vwvw  is  li.ilf  a  inili-  oil.  alnr  ist    ihr  lii  ■ 

siiiiki'ii  riH'k  aliiiNf  iMfiitidin'd.  and  Ki'f|)s  tins  disiaiuT  '|iiiti'  rcunl.irl.v  I'm  smiir  srxci U-. 

rmiit    .\r;:il»'llii.  w  111  M    tin'  distaiiri'  isiuMiK   t  Ini'i- >|ii  illfl^  <i|   a    iinlr;   llir   |uiiil\  latino 
iilM'  mill'  (ilV  tin'  shciic  west  III    iIh'  lij^lil.  and  iin  leased  l.i  mie  and   lliice  n^lillis  nnlrs  ,il  '.>.■ 
|)mnl. 

N  rsst  Is  tVi'Mi  r  lit'   nnriliwi'st  waiii,   illi  T  iiMindiii:;  rmiit   .\i  ^'uilln  and   a|i|iiii.ii  inn;;  !'.■     • 
«'i'p<iini.  ill   lavmaldo  wealliir   ma';i'  ."saiita  (rii/    U  and    )ii>t    i.ini:riit    tn  Ilic  Cain',  iir.ii! 
saiin- sliape.  and  li.i\  inv' tlie  >aiiit' liii;;lil  almv  r  tin-  Intii/mi.     Santa  l.'ioa  and  San  Mi;;iiii  - 
luiij;,  liiw  Islands  rurllitr  to  tlir  smith  and  «isi. 

'11  If  ki  If)  IS  iiiiiderati'ly  tlmk  all  aloii;:  Ihf  sh  mr  I<i  tin'  iiiprtli«aid.  tnit  ail  inside  the  tin 
line,  e\ee|it    ill  mie    spot    two   and    tine  li. lit    miles    trnlli    tile    ll;:llt  limise,  v.  here  it    reaelie-<  ;■■ 
f.itlituiis  seM'li  ti  iiilis  til'  a  mile  ulV  >liiiii'. 

Till'  imltiiiii  iii>iile  the  tell  tallit>iii  eiir\«'  is  vaiieil  111  elia.  aetti .  sandy,  rt>fky.  uiavell\,i  ;. 
twei  II   ten  and  Ilnit\   l.illimiis,  niii-ll\   line  ;;r,iy  sand,  wiili   mek  in  a  lew   spets;  miiside  !.| 

lathmii^.  Inie  ;;ra\  saiiil,  iieiasimiall\  iiii\etl  u  it  h  nnnl  ;   .iiitsnlr  ut'  I  w  n  liiindieil  l.il  I is  it  i^, 

im  aria  111  \  ;:ra_\  innd.  althmi;,'!!  In  tiie  iiuri  hw.iid  nl  I'm  lit  <  iiiiii  iiiimi  it  is  iMiasiun.ill\  hum 
lilaek  sand  and  It  >s  lieijueiilly  witii  -ia\t  1. 

htipsin   Siiiniilin<i.t. — SeNer.il   diepsi-.i   Miunilin;;-'   lia^e   lieeii    in.ide   limn    li'i't\  to   liit> 
west  li\  siiiilh  t'rmii  I'nint  CiMicepcimi.     'rinse  .iic  talnilatetl  mi  pa;;e  le  I. 

A  tiipii;:l.l|diical  sketell  tif  the  piillit  afemnpallles  the  Sllpel  inteliilelit's  lipiilt  nl'  tin 
and  <  Miidi  tie  SniNcy  ftir  IS.'iI,  and  a  detailed  ^iii\e\  nl'  it  w  .i-  maile  in  Isii'.'.  The  Santa  I. 
(Iiaitiiil  sheet  nf  I  Ss;,'  exliihits  the  pmnt  .md  the  iiimintain-.   Iielninl 


I  '^ 


I  Iiill  I    ll(il':-K     Al     IM.IN  I     I  (iMll'i   Ii't. 

The  l>lllldin;.'s   and   the  ll;:hl    «  ele  Inr    III  an  \    \  ears  npnll   I  he  lil;;liest    pa)  t  111'   the    I  Mpe,   \»  ■ 
twii  hiiiidii'il  anil  tvM-nts   teel   almve  the  sea,  and  iii\ered  with  ^'i.iss  and  liiislie>,  like  the  I 
llinil  :    lint  the  ■siliainK  til    the  i  ape  liejp;,'  riciilli  litis    t  tiviiitl   u  ith   fn;:.   w  hlle  tin-  Iiivser  pal  I   . 
HI-  part  la  11  \  eleai,  the  li^'liI  hmi^i-.  w  nh  ulhei   Iniiiilin^s,  has  In  .  n  h.e.iled  mi  iln-  piii  h  ut  tl,. 
W  liile  the  nltl  liilildin;,'s  mi  I  III*  sil  illlllll   I  final  II  I  here  as  ;:iiiiil  tla\    liiai  ks. 

The   ll;.'lit  iiiiiive  i<  liiid!    mi  the   smtllieast    |>ait  nt    the    pmnt   \tlllilii    tliillN   tliM-e    \aiil 
slliilf,  till  ,1  s|i;,'|it  liiiii  li  III   the  I'M  k.  and  as  sfin  Irmn  the  -n  itli  will  appear  pinieeted  a;;aii 
shiplll;.'  laee  tif  the  eape.       It    is  tnie  llllllilri  <l  .tnd   llni  t  \    \aids  flM'ii  the  smi|||Wf.>  I    late  III'  tin 
The  Inilldin^'s  fur  the  steam    liiL'  whistle  ale  mi  the  Stinlliv<e>t     S\V      pitt  h  ul'  the  cape. 

The  lii^li;  mnisf   ^;  I  III  in  If  tniisi^i  -  ni  a  hiw  .  Inm*  n  '  •■.\  er  uf  ;,'ii  it  inassix  eiiess.  i  imii;;   i 
aiiil  aliiive  a  liiw  ,  lirnw  n    I  111  lid  in;;.      The  ill  line  III    the  laiili  i  ii  is  painted  I  til. 

I  »iii  iii„'  the  reiiiiiv  al  tif  the  li;;lil  In  lis  iif  w  piisif  itai,  ,1  liiiipmiiy  li.lit  til  tin-  rmiitli  mil' 
sliiiw  ;i  1 1  mil  I  he  I  lid  Inw  ei  linin  \\,i\  'J.'i  In  .Iiine  'jn,  1  ss'J,  and  t  he  li  j  lit  in  t  he  ne\»  pn^itimi  w 
exliiliiltd  mi  .liiiie  L'n.  It  is  a /"  i^nicy  sm  <  n.isf  /i'i;/i^  emisistiii;;  ii|  an  illnnnnat  iii_'  apjiai.i 
the  Hist  mder  nl'the  ss>lein  nl'  I'lesiiel,  and  e\liiliits  Irmu  siiiisfi  In  >niiiise  a  c  ti./i/h./  irtnt. 
nhiiiriini  II  Ifii.ilt  ri'iri/  Ihirtji  »>n/(//s.  The  rate  nl  levnlntimi  iii.i\  \.ii\  sli;^lill\  nn  aiemiiit 
etilitlltlnii  111  the  liiai'hiliery.  •  >ii  the  •JCplh  nl  M.iii  h,  |S7.'i,  we  iiliM-iVed  the  liaie  In  he  twii  ' 
ami  a  i|  II. II  III  si'eiiiii!>,  nf  \\  Imh  the  leli;,'th  nl  the  tntal  eellp.se  was  elexeii  .sfi'iii  i|s,  the  pal  ti.i 
t  wii  seeiinds,  t  In-  In  |._'hi   (|a>h  si-v  m  Nfcniid-.,  and  Ihf  p.ii  I  lal  li^lit  I  wn  -lemiiN, 

In    Mffeinliii,  Issl,  we   Iniiinl   the  tliir.iMnn  nl    the   ll  ish    siMm   s,      ,nd>  ami    the  iliii.n 
(•(•lipsf,  III  nliseiiratimi,  nineteen  seenmls.      Will  1 1  w  II  Inn  si\  nr  >i'M'Ii  nnles  itf  the  li^rht  it  'I'" 
whiillx  disappear.     The  an-  nl  \i^iliilit\  extends  limn  iinrtli  twentv  ei    iil  di';^rees  \\e>t     N     ' 
armiml  li\   west,  smith,  and  east,  in  nm  I  h  fnrl.N  ile;,'rees  east  ,  S.   in     I .  i.  Item;;  limited  mi l> 
niikr);ill  nf  till-  lillllt    III  either  dlti't'timi.       Tliti   li.i.se  nl    the  Inwer  IH  l.ilietVHiX   feet  alxtM'  tin 


w 


•'  iinlv  liiililiii 

I    tllli'c  ;lli.l    I 
iMIiirl  •*  li.n  !•  ■■ 
111    lllli'i'  lict   .  ' 
'  aiiil  mil'  cjiia; 

I'lIC    lllllllllr.l 

■^ll'ilT  lllir  ri.i   . 
lll|.^^^t     till'    tj   :■  . 

I'  si'\  I'll  null  N 
Iwiiity  t:illM^ 

Mi>  miles  ,ii  :  I,. 

|iril.lclll!l;;     i '...;    • 

I'   <  '.11"'.  II''. H  I  >  -: 

I  >MII    \|l;,'l|ii 
IIIHlllr    III,'   Irii    : 

'f  it  iiiiclii'-,  ;.. 

I»\.  ^IM\('I1\  .  .  t,  . 

't--  ;   uiii  ^|(||.  i,| 

II  l.ll  llCIIIIS    ll     l-N      I 

iM>H>ll.ll!\    lliix, 

n   I'Tlv  III  rnt\  ■ 

■     ?'I-|K)|I    111'     Il|(       I 

TIk'  S.iiii.i  I;  , 


111'     I  III'     IM)1C,     M  ', 
Im'-.    Ill,,'   lllr    I- 
111'    llMMT   p.llt    ; 
till'    plllll    III    ll,. 

'y  thii'i'  \imN 

|>|iiH'Cli'i|   ;i;;.i|i 

ii-.>'t  r.ici'  ()(■  III. 

till'    CUIH'. 
flH'SH,    lisltl;; 

till'  roiiilli  urij. 

IM\      |IU^ltlclll     \\ 

iiiiiliii;;  a|i|).ii.t 
rrrtilrimi  irhii- 
\\  o'l  ai'i'iMiiii  ■ 

III'  III  111'  t  U  I!:' 
l.ll.S,   till'    jl.ll  III 

ami    llii-  ilin.ii 
till-  li^'lil  it  ll". 
I'l'i  « |.>i  i  \    ' 
:  liiiiiN'ij  iiiil\ 

ll'l't    allllVI-   lllr 


PACII'K,'    COAST    riKOT.  67 

level  of  lilt'  st'a,  and  tin'  lni.L;lit  of  tin-  IimmI  [ihiiu'  of  tin'  li;ilit  is  uiii'  liiiiulrcil  ailil  t  liilty  li\  r  IV-ct 
abovo  tlu'  .-H'a.     It  .slioiilil  In-  s  isihli'  in  a  r.uiir.ilili'  .si.iic  nl'  thi'  Mliiiusfilicrr  I'lniii  a  lieinlit  of — 

10  f>r(  aliovr  111!'  wa,  .'It  a  iliiliiliir  iil"  It'i.-'i  miles. 

'.'II  I'll  I  iilioM' till' Ni'ii,  at  a  ilislani'o  III'  I'-.il  inili's. 

:'.0  fr"t  aliiix  I'  llin  si*a,  at  a  ili><taii('n  nf  I'.!..'!  Tiiilri. 

00  t'l .  (  aliiivi' till' Kia,  at  a  ili'.lanri' nl' '.'"•'. 1  iiiili's. 

Its  gcojiiaiiliical  |Misitioii,  aM  (irti'i'iiiiiu'd  by  tlic  ('oa.sl  ami  <  Irodi'tic  Siit'xcy,  Is: 

Latitiiili' , :!l       '-'•''     v.!".!  niiilli. 

I,iiii^;itMili' I'.'o       'J-'      1T".7  writ. 

Or,  ill  liiMi' M''     01"   .'.;t«.'2 

Tlio  coiiiiititi'tl  iiia>;iii'tii'  vaiialioii  was  l."»  10'  rast  in  Jaiiiiaiy,  l."<>r),  ami  tin-  yi'arly  iiicrrasc 
is  I'.U. 

Till'  lillil(lili;i's  of  till'  liL;lil  lioiiM'.  I'oj,' sitCliitls,  i'ii;i|  lioii'^i',  I'tc,  ;;i\i>  tin'  f'aci' of  tin'  rajii'  tin' 
iip{M'iiraiii'i'  of  a  small  \  illa;;i'. 

It  sliiitilil  111'  iioti'il  thai  in  till'  "  l,i;;lils  ami  'I'ulcs  of  tlii'  \\  oilil  "  (liy  .lames  Itiiia\  i!v:  .Sons. 
riOiidon,  l'>>i-'),  till' olil  li-lii  is  ili'sct  iliril  on  i>.il;i'  I'.'S.  In  t  lir  ••  l.iuliilloiisi's  of  ihr  WorM"  (  Fiinl- 
iuy,  London,  l.ssij,  tin'  oM  lij,'lit  is  ili'sciilu'd,  iia^,'i'  I'.'s. 

I'oiiwiii.sTi.i',  Ai'  roiN'T  roM  r.pcioN. 

The  fo;;l)i'll  al  Point  Cotici'iicion  was  disi-oiitiiiiicd  on  the  I'tiili  of  Si'iiti'mhi-r,  ISTl!,*  and  since 
ttUMl  a  t  wi'lvi' iticli  sti'ani  lo^;  wliistli' lias  lu'i'ii  in  o|n'i'alion  diii'iii;;  tJiirk  ami  I'o;^';,'^  w  ratlni',  da.\ 
Sllld  llJKlit.  It  is  sontnli'd  t'\  i'l',\  tiiiniiti' ;  tlir  diliation  of  I  hi'  lila,-.t  is  , /(//i/ .so  i./d/.v,  and  tin- iniri'x  al 
lu'twct'ii  tlm  blasts  Is  /i7V//  /to  sirdinls.  'I'ln'rc  ai'i' dii|ilirali'  wliisth's  and  i'ii;;iiit's,  whii'li  arc  placed 
ill  two  small  uhilc  iiaintcd  wooden  l)tiildiii;,'s  on  a  sliirht  lil.iteaii  at  the  siintliwest  (litcli  of  the 
Ciipc,  where  the  y;roiitid  is  iilioiit  si\iy  feet  above  the  sea  level.  'I'hev  lie  nitietyti\  c  yaids  west  b\' 
HOUtli  (\\'.li.\  S.l  ti'oni  the  lie;lit,ainl  only  sixty-one  yai'ils  t'loiii  the  evtietne  poitit  of  the  capi'.  The 
♦wo  black  iion  smoke  stacks  of  these  en!_''iin'-hoiises  are  .-.ecu  aliov  the  buildings  in  which  they 
are  placed. 

It  is  l'e|ioiteil  that  the  fo;;'\\  lii>tle  at  this  elation  i-^  oiil\  n--id  a^  niinh  as  t  \mi  linmlied  and 
ibrty  homs  in  the  _\  ear,  iml  iealin^'  thai  the  cape  itself  :-.  nor  pat  I  ienlail.\  en  \  eloped  in  foix. 

Frotn  roint  ('oiiee|icioii  I.i;4lit  we  ha\e  the  lollow  in;;  beai'iius  and  distances  tu  piotninciit 
objects : 

San  til  llarli.iia  Light  Iiiiumi' N.  -<i  i;..  ili-^laiil  :1T}  laili'H. 

I'liiiit   lliii'iH'liii' I.i^jtil-liiiilsK S.    ~;  .  K.,  lllslalll  I'll'.^  llull'M. 

llast  iiMiiit  III"  Aiianipii  Uiaiiil S,   "O  I"..,  ilistant  (>'.'  lulli'i. 

NiirlliNM'MtiTii  iiiiini  111' Saiit.i  Crn/  I'.Iaiiil S.  Cit'.  I'..,  ilistaiil  :'li  null's. 

Kii-it  piiiiit . ''aula  Cruz  Islanil S.  ".T  I...  ilistanl 'J'.f  inili.s. 

I'riiirc  Isluiiil,  ill  Cii^li'r's  llarlmr,  S.iii  Mi^jui'l  I-.l.iiul ,S.  ".1  K  ,  ilisianl  -'!}  iiiili's. 

Wrst  pi'iiit  111' S.iii  Sbj;ii-I  Islaiiil    S.    ITj  i;.,  ilislaut  "J.'i  inili'H. 

/I'ic/iiiri/miM  /.'i.ri.t  oil' wi'.'st  [mint  111"  San  Migiirl  I>lanil  S.     '.i  I ...  ilistaiil  'Jl  mill's. 

Uiirkv   Point,  iiin'  mill' siiiilli.'ast  iif  ruiiil  ArKMillii N.  i '..".]  W.  ilistaiil  lOJ  mill's. 

Climalic  I'liu'litinns  e/r  I'liint  ('oni'iprinii. —  Next  to  the  islands  of  the  .'Santa  I'.ail  aia  Chaniiel, 
Point  < 'omepeion  is  the  inii>t   proininenl   and  intciestiti^'  featntc  beluccn.San   l''rai.eisco  and  the 

JHMlilisill.t  of  Lower  Ciilifornia,     It  has  \  cry  jiistl.\  and   lpoi'.ipiiaIel\' been  termed  tl ('ape  Morn"' 

and  llic  ••  llattci'.is"  ot'  ihe  I'acilic,  on  aceoimi  ol'  the  hci  tiort  li\\  esters  that  ale  lirie  met  with 
on  eoliiiii^'  ihioii^^h  llic  channel,  with  a  ;jreat  cliaiii;e  ol  climatic  and  mcteoroloeieuj  cotnlitions, 
thu  ti'.iiisition  beiiiij  ieiiiaikabl\  sudden  ami  well  delined.  \\\  itiM'stiu'ation  of  the  tetiipei'ainre 
of  the  ore, 111  northwest  and  e.ist  of  the  cape  would  be  lii;;hl\  iiistiiici  i\e,  as  sonic  ehaiaeleristics 
wonid  natnt.ills  be  cNpected  from  the  abrupt  chaii),'!'  in  the  direction  of  the  inonntains  and  coast- 
line. 

OtV  I'liint  ( 'oncciiciiiii  the  coastciirreiit  inns  well  to  the  southward  and  east  ward,  strikin;.; 
throii;j:li  the  p.issa^res  between  the  islands.  Close  ntiilei'  the  north  shore  of  the  Santa  I'larbank 
Otiantiel  the  eiirienl  runs  to  the  v  i  si  ward  as  an   iiisiioie  i'ilil\  si  ream. 

I'oial  ( 'once  pell  in  w  as  discovered  li\  ( "aln  illo  in  No\  I'lnbcr,  l."i  til.  and  c.illed  Cape  (laleia.  I  le 
placed  t  in  laiiiii'lc  .'ii'ii  north,  but  his  detailed  description  leaves  no  duiibt  of  the  cape  iiitendcil. 
It 'WaH  afteiu  . tills  named  rnnta  de  l.i  l.impia  4 'onecpeinn. 

•  I l\.   Ill    ■■    ilu     I  {•)llll  iliul    I'illiK  ../'  Iil,     n„lhl  '       |MM'.i),  .sir.  I  ll,  si-riliis  till-   111  11   .mil  limits  lllr   '\  III -.III-. 

t  I'ullril  ritiiilloii  ll:  Ins  l.iihoH  1111  111,.  Span  <li  ili.iils.     first  lallril  li.\   lln'  jur-riil  iiaiiir  nn  l!ii^;l   -h  i-liarls. 


li 


R 


m 


U 

I  ! 


f.| 


!    * 


!  f 


G« 


I'M  II  U'  roA-i    rii.ur. 


Viz«iiiionanu'.lil  riiiii.i  d.' la  C-'ii.ri.noi,.  K.oj  l"lo.<. 

Ill   17r.ll  ilif  l.iliui.i.-  of  til.'  iMMiit  «.is  .IririinimV.  l..\    l»..n   Mi.lui.'l   ("onstaii/...  n,,    ,,, 
r.ov.Tiuir  (;a>i>;ir  l'.>il;il;i'-* . ai'.mIiI :l^  :!l    •»»  • 

Tin-  f\lcnt  111' ".lioivhiif  IrniM  iIm'  m.iuIi.iu   l-.mi.l.iiv  ..f  (';iliruriM.i  to   I' I    •'..ii,. 

lilmut  1">i  liiiiiiln'.i  :um1  lU'ty  inili's. 

Till'.  ISLANDS  (.)!■    TIIK  SANTA   HAHHAKA  CIIANNKI.. 

TlllMlMllU'    Fl  Cvi.thl'    .S-i'/M   /.'M'.wr.l  \\;l-  v'l^'ll    l'\   Vl/<-;illlii.  ill    1  •.■.•(•IIiImT.   Hldl',  f  ' 
rowfst  iMil  "I'  till'  I'luiiinil.  l\iii;:  v.\.-\  aiul  wr^l    ami  al.iMit   srviiitv  t  \n  ..  iiiilrs  in  lrii;.'tl,. 
tho  main  land  an.l  tlif  iMiiuls  San  Mit;iirl,  Santa   Kosa.  aa.l   Santa  Ciu/..  ^^^ils|   tl...  i,  , 
IVtlio  ('liaiiiH'l  1.- aiii'luil  to  i!m'   iia-^.,;;,.  lu'twi-cn    tlifofran    fact'  of  San    I'f.ln.   llill    n 
Catalina  1-Iaii.l,  Imt  «<•  >liall  >ii..ik  «(  all  tin- i>l  iiiiI.h  ^:^'Iu•Ia^v  a'*  Im'Ichiciiik'  to  tin-  SanI  i  l- 
<'liainul,i>ip>tially  as  tliat  nam.- IS  H't.iiiK'.l  in  tin-  fji'iuTal  fliait  of  tlif  Spaiiisli   tlisr..\. 
twi'i'ii  IfinJaiiil  I7^M,..t'  ulii.li  w.'ha..  :    •r.ic'.l  .•.•j.y  Ofrlilii'"!  I'\  Navarii-lt<  in  1S|1. 

rmil  tli«' <'i'a>t  Sur\.  y  lirsl  cvaituni  .   in  .l.i.nl  tin-  i-LumIs   1\  in;;  nlV  tin- inaiii,  IhM  w  .  •      - 
Dii'-K  and  I'diiit  Coiirciicinn.  ii>itliiii;j  arciii.iti-  ua-c  Know  n  of  ihi'ir  iiuiiiIht.  |n'(iiliarilii>.  <    ■ 
oriiositioii.    I'lion  all  inaiis,  of  as  n-ct-iit  date  as  18.M1.  an  island  callid  San  .Inan  w.isI.il! 

and  ujion  a  map  of  llii>  lopnlij f  Mr\n<.,  lominlcd  in  llio  I'liitid  Slate-,  and  dated  l■^l;. 

111)  less  III. Ill  l«i!\e  l.iiL'e   i-l.ind-,  Ihc   poMlidns  and  i  \tent  of  wlmli  aie   nio-t  ;.'rotrsiiu. 
iieoiis.    Tiie  i-laiid  of  San  .Miv'uel.  tlif  iiio-t  \ve>teni  of  the  Santa  r.ailiaii  efoiip.  is  plaeed    ■ 
miles  noiitlie  i>t  of  I'oint  Coiiceiiejiui,  instead  of  tweiitv  time  miles  soiitliea-t  l«y  «t)iitli  li.il; 
Tin' same  ;:eiieial  ii'iiiarl>>  will  .ijip':'  '"  tliefoa-t  liie  as  tlieieoii  rt'iin-seiiteil.     Tliiee  lar_' 
are  iiiaile  to  llow  into  the  se.i  lietvNfeii  S.iiita  I'.ailiaia  and  San  !»ii';:it   Max.vNliieli   is  iis  m  .1 
si/e  fi>  twenty  miles  liy  lilieeii.aiid  ninnins;  noiili,  «liiNi  |«.i  otiieis  ii\al  it  in  extent.      !' 
(jrapliieal  [lositioiis  };iveii  jirevioii-  to  tin-  Coa-i  Siii\e\  operaiion--  aie  leinurkalilv  eironeon- 
reeolliet  well,  wlieii  eoiniii;;  upon  tills  loasl,  of  lindiii;,'   in  ^:>>od   naiilieal   .intlioiity  I'oini   (' 
ciiiii  OUT  siv  miles  disi.mt  from  iiie  lale-t  diteiini nation  in  1  itilnde. 

In   I'iihILix's  Direeloiy  |..i   the  r.ieilir   Oei.in.  pnlilished    in  l-^.M.  there  is    u  deseriptioli 

already  iiieiii lolled  San  .luaii  l>l.ind,  l>iit  no  \.t\  detiiiile  ligation  i- as>i;,'iied  to  it.     in  'I'elx     • 
lar^re  Alias  of  t  liaits  it  li.is  a  ipn  ly  to  it.     It  in.iy  no'  lie  iin  in  lei  est  in;;  to  st.it  e  liou   the  ei  i. 

Iieell  perpetual  id.       1  ln'  lir>l   liotn  e  We  e.m  tilld  of  this  islliid  is  its  disrov  el  \    1>\    M.ll't  i  lie/,  ili  I  > 

(111  his  p.iss.i;.'!'  t'loiii  .Monterey  to  S.iii   I'll. IS.     It   .i;.'ain  .ippi.us    m    \'.ineoii\  ti.  \  ol.  11,  pau'    '" 
where  the  follow  ill;;  aeeolllit  is  ;:iveii: 

At  tlH'clist.iiifi'  (if  alicmt  ciglit  li-:i(;tic.i,  (nimi'wtxTi'  iilxiiil  mirtli  TC    »■  si,  m|  imrth  !'■•»    wml  frnni  I'niiit  il<"  !  ■ 
tiy  »  Very  iiiiicilaiii  estunatniii.  it  sil<iiili>i|  ati  islitml  imIIihI  St.  Jolin'ii,  In  l«is>ii  wliirli  ami  tin-  ruiutl  wc  \i:imh  ■ 
oiit  BtsiiiK  it  ('alllitiiij;!!  li"  ]in'\iiiiiKt_v  Hlalo-fchaviii^  Hi«eii  S.iii  ('Icmi-iil..  ami   Saiil;»  Cai.iliiiai.  m.nlicl  we  .a.^ 
wliilr  we  riMiiaiiiiil  at  aiidiiir.  eKreplinniiii  .1111.  \i't\  rli-ar  i'mihiiiI,  wlnii  it  «.i»s....ii  frmu  I  !»•  |ir«»iiliii  ml^  .s^ii  ' 
At  a  tiii.e  wlii'ii  I  w.is  iiuiir.ivicliil  wnli  a  i<i»i|un«  nr  any  mlicr  nieaninl'  awirtaliilni'  ilmliri-rliini.  nml  Wiw  1' 
only  alile  til  j;iirsH  it  its  niliiatinii. 

It  aiiii.anil  to  1»'  'uw  a:>il  lint  .  U  lull  si-lil..ni   ■«•»•,  frniii  t!  ..  Pi.  si.li,.  ,,f  San    lii.j;n,  aii,l  n  iv>  iimli!«iiv.'|. .; 
well  I 'V  .\I:irliiii/    %  I",  w  xraiH  lii-fiiri  .  ill  nin' uf  li;s  v  Miirm.iiin  «liiii){  lUv  1 ,!««{. 

As  \'aiKouver  his  iilmted  this  islaiiil  oil  the  line  from  I'oint  I.oiiiii  to  San  Cleineiite,  un  ' 
is  p'lieiallv  so  iil.ieed,  We  li.i\.   iio  lieMtatioii  III  a.vsmiun;;  that,  iliinii;;  peeiihar  and  e\tiaoi.. 
cond. lions  of  the  leliaeli.in  of  ilie  aliinispliere,  the  i.slaiul  of  .S.ui  Cleiiient.',  invisil.le  iindei 
naiy  eondiiions  „\  n  fiaetion,  Ii,i>  1 n  seen  and  mistaken  for  aiioilier  and  intei  inedi.ite  isl.ii 

Ilavili;;  visiie.l   and  e\.iiiiiii(  d  S.iii    I 'leiiieiile,  Santa   ( '.it.iliii.i,  S.in    Nieol.is,  S.iiila  Tni 
San  Mi-iiel.  we  'onnd  lliem  .iileiin;;  n.i  indiieeiiieiits  lor  a;;rieiiliiire  and  very  few  (or  raisin- 
In  a  few  woids,  we  in.iv  eh.ii.ieteri/e  their  disadv.intaue.sa,s  want  of  wat.-r.  and  want  of  I'liel. 
lii-h.   liold..iiid    111--.. I   si.les.  wl,j.  h    in    ni.in\    plaecM  lieeoiu<>    pneipitoii.s.     The   Kiirfaee   o: 
Mi-iiel  ai„l  .,f  Suit  a  Uos;,  i^  i,i!liM-ai„l  eo\  end  with  ;rra,s.s  and  Imshes.     The  iiioiintains  of  . 

Catalmaaie  liifeli  an.l  .'overed  with  eh.ip.iir.il.     S.in    Ni.-.ilas  and    S.ui   Cleineiit..  are  i po 

wiar.se  handstoiii.  pies,  iiiiii^  a  .|i\,  sands,  and   .nterile   asp,..M.      Aii.icap.*    is   a  I011-.  Iii-li.  n.. 

ridp;eof  roek.aii.l   Ih,'   ishi   ..f  Sml.i    l;.,i!.,,,.,   his   , i,„t,,ns   walU   ri.sin,;  to  iive'hiindn.l 

ahove  tlie  se.i. 

«)n  the  chart  of  the,„asl   liolii  San   Ide.;..  I..    Sm    l-raiieiseo,  pnlilished    li\    the  Inited  > 

Coa.sl  .Survey,  a  lemark.il.le  ai.l   l.,Miiiilnl  ,v'Mi,iii, f  ,|„.   ,,ar  aHelisin  lieiwe.-ii  the  island 

the  adjacent  coast  is  piesei j,      fhe   f.,„r  islamic,  AiMeapa,  Saiiti  Cm/.,  Santa  Kosa,  ami 


'  'f>--i 


%Vk 


rAciiic  ('i)Asr  I'li.oT. 


C9 


iistaiiAii,  fii_    , , 

I'kIIiI     (illii. 


cr,  Itiiij.  to  ' 

S   III   lcll;,'lll 
llll.st     till'     1: 

•  In>    lllll    a: 

<  llii'  S^iiil.i  I. 

llsll     (ll-tlll\l 

II  Hll. 

'  III. nil,  III'!  w,  ,  ' 
lifcllllillillr-.  • 
111. Ill  Was  l.i.' 
i.latfd  I'Nt;.     . 
•>t  ;,'riitf><|iii 
p.  IS  ipI.h'ciI  -•  . 
I'V  soulli  li.il: 
Tlifff  lai-. 
mil   is  ii!i  ii'.i 
II  «'\t<'iit.     'I!  . 
Iilv  «>rr<tiM'«iii-. 
inity  Point  ( '. 

t  (li'S(ri[it ion 

It.       In  'I'riii  :    . 
>•  IlllU    till'  111 

\  MartiiM'/.  :■ 
r,  \'<il.  II.  |M 

fli'ln  I'ulllt  it.-  ' . 
•  I  ita«l    Wi*  |i;l?»j»t 
■.  tii.r  lllll  »!•  I.I.- 
tft  •luhii  ( iif  Sim 
linn,  llilil  witn  <! 

^  .ii  tindi v-iurr 

<  Ifllirllli',  :iti' 
ami  I'xliaiMil 

\  llllllc    lllllll'l 

iiii'iliutr  i.slai 
s.  Sail  I  a  Crii 

\    I'll    IMlsill-  - 

want  111'  lllll. 
11'  .sail'aci'  111 
mllMl.lilis  III'  .'^ 
I'  air  riiiii|Hi  • 
liM);,',  lll,;ll,  11,1 
ll\i'  liUliill'i  'I 

till'   I    iilli'il   .-^ 

•II    till'   111, lllll 

iit.t  h'liia,  ami 


MIguot  (with  tlic  locUs  scvi'ii  miifs  wi'si  hv  imilli  fiiHii  llii'  last  iiaini'il),  lyiii},' ImoimI  oil'  tlio  coast 
betV<*<'M  San  r>ii('iiavi'iitiira  ami  I'oint,  ('tMici'pcion,  liavt-  llicir  lo  ;;t'r  axes  ]>anillel  to  tin'  tit'iid  of 
the  hIioic  line,  wliii'li  is  tlir  ^'I'lirral  (liii'i'timi  nl'  llic  SiiTia  < 'niirrpcion  iiiiint;iliiiti>!.v  l)i>liin<l  it. 
TheH<*  islamls  an-  a  cDiiliiiiiatioii  nl  tin  Sii'iia  Santa  Mmiira.  wliiili  lias  liccn  I'lit  lliroii;,'li  at  for- 
tain  points.  'I'lii' In  r.ii'i'  iiarkin^^'s  mi  tlicii  r.islci  ii  amiwrslriii  I'xtrciiiitics  aiu  wi'll  inarki'd  in. 
BOin»  plari's. 

Ill  Vi/.caimrs  \i)\,i;,f  this  parallrlisiii  nas  nutcil  west  uf  Santa  Catalina, 

where  It  ii'};>il:ii  ii'u  lit'  islamls  |.\l.st.  i'imim  m\  li'.ii:ni  <«  ili-.titiit  riinii  rarli  iillirr,  ^11  |iii|iiiliiii'.i,  iiiiil  tin'  iiiliultit.iiitM 
ttMliliK  Willi  I  lllll  nlliiT  anil  lui'  niiiin.  mimI  IIh'  i^hiinls  l'iil|ii»  in^'  i'ih  li  n'liir  in  llii'  Naiiii'  ilin  rlinii  a.s  tlir  iiiikiii-laiiil 

Corli's  Slioal.  Ilir  islamls  of  Santa  Citalina.  San  (Jliiiicntt',  San  Nicolas,  witli  the  John  lU'HH 
Rock,  .st'M'ii  mill's  t'l-oin  its  mnihcrn  cxtirmitv ,  have  thrir  Imi^^i'i-  axt's  noi  Ihwrsl  liy  wi'st  ami  paralli'l 
to  <^acli  otliiT,  whilst  llio  island  of  Santa  llailiara  is  on  tlir  pi'oloii;.'alion  of  the  l(iii;^'t'i'  a.xi.sof  Sail 
(Ucmoiiti'.  In  thr  lliiid  parallt'lisni,  mai- tin'  I'xtirim'  soiithi'i  ii  pai  t  of  (California,  tli»Mliri'»;tion 
Inicomt's  pi'iprmliciilar  to  tlii>  iiist  ili'srrilii'il.  Un  Irom  l.iiiiinli'  .;.;  o't'  noith  Ihctrci  d  of  tli«'t'iiast 
and  hills  .soiithwanl,  lliioii;;li  thr  loii;;ir  axis  of  I'oini  l.oiiia,  will  puss  Ihroiigli  Los  (JoronadoH, 
althou^di  till'  islamls  lii'  noilliwcsl  with  rrspi-i'l  lo  each  ollni. 

Ainoii;^  the  islamls  as  far  as  .Sun  Nicolas  the  ocean  (;;:'iiit  inns  to  tlit^  south  ward,  witli  vari- 
ableilcsts  Ihron^'h  lln-  dilfcrciil  passages  and  over  the  (oiics  IJ.Mik. 

I.S|,.\N1)S.    SlIiiAI.S,    ANIt    ItnCK.S. 
idlJIf.S    DANK. 

ConiiinMiciii'.:  at  tlic  soiiiliw.inl,  the  lirst  oh|cct  lli,it  claims  our  aitontion  is  flic  daiifjcM'ons  bank 
and  rock  callcil  the  Cortes  liaiik,  I.eailii;;-  southwest  iiiiaitcr  west  iSW.  \  A.)  froin  the  sontiicast 
end  of  the  i>laiiil  of  S.in  rieiiieiitc.  ami  ilist.iiit  forl>  six  Miles.  The  extent  ol  this  liaiik  lias  lieeii 
Hounded  out  carefully  ami  foiiml  iniirli  Ljieatcr  than  the  early  exaiiiinatioiis  led  lis  to  snpjtose, 
VVitliin  Ilic  limits  of  the  lil'ty  I'alhoin  curve  the  nt.||,.iMl  trend  is  para'lel  with  the  islamls  of  Saiit.i 
(Jatalina,  San   <'leiiieiilc,  ami   San    Nicolas,  ,iiiil  it   stretches  ahont    se\eiiteen    iiiiles,  from  latitude 

32°  24'  north,  lon-iimle  lis    .V.iV   west,  to  l.ititiide  .".•.'    .IJ'  tli.  Iiniriii.de   ll!i     17.3'  west,  but 

curves  slij.;litl\  to  the  sonthuot.  It  has  an  avera;;i'  .i..:'  nearly  iiniforni  width  ol  three  and  a  lialf 
UliltiB.  'I'lie  nature  oC  the  liolioni  is  hard,  composed  of  white  sand,  hrokeii  shells,  and  line  <'oral  at 
the  Hoiitheast  portion,  and  sand,  with  Inokeii  shells,  at  the  norlliwi'st.  The  slioalest  and  most 
danjreroiis  part  is  that  known  .is  the  i:i\hnji  Ixnch-,  lyiii;j  live  miles  from  the  soiillieaU  tail  of  tlio 
bank,  and  liaviii;j:  Imi  two  md  a  h.ilf  I'.ilhouisof  water  n])oii  it.  .\roiiiid  this  daii;.'er  the  depth 
Increases  ;,'railiial!y.  ami  in  .in  extent  of  two  ami  a  half  n'iles  in  the  j;eiieial  direclio'i  of  the  hank 
roaches  Imt  liftecn  I'.ulioms.     'I'lie  ;,'eo;;iapliic,il  position  of  this  rock  is,  very  ('losely : 

l„ililii.li-  ;i-^       .'..J    imrtli. 

I,iili;;lllliln I  |;l        m;        VM'Mt. 

From  the  ivesterninost  point  of  (he  island  ol  A,u\  Nicolas  the  .  ..'k  hears  south  forty  degrees 
east  (H.  I"  !•'  ).  distant  lifly  six  and  three  ipiarters  miles,  mid  Irom  the  eastern  point  of  the  island 
HOntii  Ihirly  fo'ir  de;;ri'es  e.ist  i.S,  .!|  ll.l,  disi.int  lil'ty  one  and  one  h.ill  miles.  l''roiii  the  eastern 
point  of  the  island  of  San  ( 'Icmeiite  the  rock  lieais  soiilli  lort.\  three  and  one  h.llf  dcj^rees  west 
(8. -l.'i.J!  N\'. I,  distant  fiiit\  four  ind  I liree  c|iiaiiers  iiii'es,  and  lioiii  the  western  point  of  the  islaini 
■oath  tweiilN  de^rrees  west  (S.  Jd  '  W'.),  disiaiit   foi  t\  I'mir  and  one  ipiarter  miles. 

I'roiii  the  r.ishop  {{ock  to  the  west  end  of  San  .Miyiiel  Island  the  coiirsi-  is  iiortli  forty  iiino 
and  two  thirds  di-rces  west  (N.  Pl-j  '  NV.)  ami  the  dist.ince  one  hiindred  and  eii;li     .  ,i  miles. 

Tlie  next  >hoal  spot  i ;  oiii'  of  len  I'.ithinns,  mIioiii  the  iiiiildle  of  the  hank,  and  of  limited  extent, 
bein(;oiii>  li.ilt  .1  mile  sipi.ile  w  itliili  I  he  lilteeii  fallioiii  cllive  lis  ;;eo;;ia[)liical  position  is,  ajiprox- 
imately : 

l.aliluili'  :f.'      -jr.j    nnrtli. 

I -iiiiiii' nil     iii^  w.Ht. 

From  the  norlhwest  end  of  H, in  Nicolas  the  spot  last  me  ihoiied  hears  sontiicast  hy  south  (SK. 
by  H.),  distant  lifts  lour  miles,  and  from  iIik  siiiiiheast  end  of  S. in  Clemente  it  hears  southwest 
quarter  west  (S\V.  \  W.),  dislanl  titty  iiiiles.  From  the  Uishop  Kock  il  hears  west  ipiartcr  iiortli 
(W.  1  N.;,  distant  live  miles. 


It 


I    ; 


i   Mi 


70 


lAt  II  IC    COAST    riLDi, 


To  tin'  iiiirtliwcstw.inl  ot'tlii^  lattir  slmal  sput.  Hit'  ilfptli  \i  iirurlv  iitiiriiiiii  at  fnilv  in 
Oin«  tor  M'Viii  mill  a  lialf  inilcs.  ami  hii«i'cii  ii  :iiiil  ilic  i;i.-<liii|i  j.'ix  K  llii-  ilr|illi  is  iiiiit'ni  m  ., 
fort\  •tliii'i'  l.illiiiiiis.     All  iMilalcl  xMiiiiliii;.'  oi  tiiii\  iliccc  fallumis  uax  iii.uli'  l'\  tin-  Mii\r\ 

Kt'i  ill    ]>'>>'!  t«r!\('    llllli'^  lioltll    tlllrc  i|liart(  T-  wol   til'    l!l>lin|i   Kink.   Willi    (iii|i(l    W.llfl    In 
slioic. 

Ciii-y,  ,it.—  \'yi\]\  till--  liaiik  liii'  1  I  III  I'll  t  1^  van  a  I  ill',  lri'i|iiiiiil\  -rtiiii;;  a^.tinst  tin'  strmi. 
west  Willi  Is  w  nil  a  \i  luritv  ut  iicailx   two  iiiilfs  prr  limir.  ainl  piniliii  in;;  at  ail  linn's  ;i  lii.n 

iUIlt  I'M'll  ill   llliiiiriair   wrallirl     lil.aKlllC    lli'a\ll\    ll|iiill   till'     Itl^ll'ip    Knrk.       At   iitllil    llllii, 

n'lit  lias  111  III  I' Ml  ml  !••  I II  n  111  ail  ii|i|ii)sit<'  ilin'i'tion  ihmi  l\  a>  siimi;,'.      In  passin;,'  ci\  rr  t  In    i 
Ilij^lit  wi'  liavi'  Ih'i'II  si'iisilili'  III'  uiir  |iro°\ltiilt>   tn  ll  \>\  the   liirica.st'il  swrll.      In  tlir  ilrlaiii 
illation  III'  |s."iiiii  w.is  fniiinl  lliat   flir  ;:i'iii'ral  set  nl'  llic  riiiniit  was  tn  tin'  snuiliw  ml  .i 
Wiird  ami  tin-  L;iriti'>l  \iliiiit\  a  niilr  and  a  li  ill'  |>it  li'iiii.liit  im  st  iti  nnni  i>  iii.nlr  i 

lllf  |iri'\  aililli:  W  iml.      ' 'll   tlli'  CVrlllli;.'  nf  August   .1.  I'^.''••!,  ilinill;;   till'  rVltllillialliill  lit   llii'li.i: 

was  a  stiinii  III'  liu'lilniii:.'   ami   llimnlrr  .tinl  a   heavy  sIihwit  nl    ram.     'I"lit«-r  tuiiilitiiins  ,ii, 
uiiiiMiai.  aUlii'iiuli  V.I   liail  .i  sniitlir.i^i  sfuini  .ii  I'miit  (  nm f|iriiiii  in  .\ii;;iist.  l->."i(i. 

/'(())  >(((  .s'(i///ii/i(i;;.«   I'ff  tilt  t'iiil'\    /I'liiiA.  — in  IST.l  till'  r.  S.  .slfanin    Tum  mn)  n  tan  nuii,' 
hca  s((iiinliii;:>  til  UN  S.I  II  I  Hf;:o  tow  arils  till'  soiitlirrn  filler  i  it  i  he  ('m  ics  I '..ink  anil  tlimri'  wi 
to  till'  <'.islrrii  liliiil  111'  '111-  I'aritii'  plitiMii.      Tlii'  I'lillnw  iii;:  laliji-  rxliilnls  Ilio  |^riit;i.i|>liii  .il  j  ■ 
ot'  I'ai'li  .siiilliiliii^'  ami  )t<  lir.ill!!;.'  ami  ili^taiu  r  t'lniii  tin-  r.isliii|i  i.'ork  : 


(Ir«»i;rrt[tlii»al  (lo^itiim.  Ti'him 'aiiirw. 

ll'l.ll. 
Lalllu.!.-      t..ili(!tt>l>l»  Scildir       Ihitloin. 


Il<illiiiii 


I    K   .III  r.l.l...|,  !:<.<  L 


j     ll..«tllii;  |ll«l.i 


Inih,;,,!  )/,;„ 

.T.'    IV          II»    ri                m!>  '•on         <;ri>  «nd  Muck  •anil S    m  K  i: 

IC    U            UK    i>:                 T'-T  !».»  '      «.!         Uglil  ir.Thl.h  nni.l  ll..!  Ktiil  ..    S.   II  K  U 

yy  ■::>■          lin    -l                V'V  »»           mi         Yi'llumiih  mntl  amlauul SM  \V  i.i 

.1.'    >          119     .              Ton  .'.0  0          »;.»       >;t*<  .ni.'l   s  tn  w  ii 


'i'lii'  i\i-.|<'mi' III   tlii^  li.iiii»   h.iiiliii-n   ir|>iiili'il   m'mt.iI   Iiiih'^   .iinl  tin'  Inllnvv  m^    pus- 
m;:Iici|  111  It  : 

Sunt'-  I-!, mil;   i.atitinii' .I'i    (•.^  .  Iiiii;;!tiiili'  ll'.t    (»i .  as  set  n  li>  <  .ipi.nn  .\iilnl,.  I..-^.  \ 

li'iik  :   i„iiiliii|i- .;■_'    .(O ,  li»n;:iimlf   ll'.i    oi.  ;   mi  aiiiiiontv. 

naiili :   i.atilii.lr  .'ll'    Js  ,  liiii;;iiiiil.-  lis     I.';  mi  ant  Imrity. 

It  lii'S  ill  till'  iliH'i't  riiiilr   li.llowcil  liy  tlu'   .McMraii,  i'aiiaina,  ainl   Sail    i'raiii'i.sco  si, 
ami  was  iliscuviii'd   li\  t  aiitaiii   < 'mppcr,  ul   tin-   sti'.iin.slnp    l\>,lix.  iii  Mairli,  l>."i.i.      ili- 

vas  ili'ti'iiiii I  li\  jii'.iim-.,  npiiii  S.iii  Nii-nl,!-.  .iihI  S.m  (  l.iniiili',  ami  w.i>  M'I  \  r|ii>r.  In  i:i 

aiiiili'oi  till'  iati'sl  ami  lirsi  .i.ssi;,'iit'il  placi-.      lii'  sa\s  ili.ii  iIk-  w.itii  aiunnii  it  w.is  in  \iil. 
niotioii.  ami  tliinwn  up  siiililcnlv  m  (•(iluinns  :it  ic-iilat  mit  t\als  ot  tnni  m  li\<'  inmiiti  s.      \ 
III'  tliiili;;lit  111-  ^a^^   lucakiT-,  .mil   oc.-.iMniiaHy   llir  w.il.'i    Ini.ki-  a-  nii  a  mtI,  Imt    lir   Im-.,' 
tli'Ilt  tiiat  till'  ilistuiliaiti'i'  was  ii«iii„'  tn  siiliinaillii'  Mih  aliir  .i;;rm  \  .       I'lu-  spcrinn-lis  iil  Ihi 

lU';:ativi'  tliis  iiji-.i.      Ill'  liiiiinl  111,  il.ptli  1)1    walii  n-ilin  iiMh  in   Imtv  Iwu  l.uliuii.s  tn  i 

(•<.li\lm-i-s  lis  thai  hi'  wa.-nii  th.'  sji.i.il  ..,pn(,  iilinin  till  mil  hill'  ul  1 1,,'  I  Milk,  ainl  -,iw  tin-  w.i!. 
ill^'  up.in  tin-  lii-liiip  lIiM  k.  the  s.mii'  ap|ii-ai.ili(-i'  lli.it  In-  «ilii.'s>nl  h.i\in>;  lit-cii  si-i  li  in.i 
Hiiu'c.  ami   till- iiatiiii' lit  tin-   rmky  liiittniii  ami  di-ptli  nl    walrr    stipptiitiiii;    tin'   a-snmpM. 

jMisitioii  i.f  the  li.ink  wa«  afliTwai-ils  iiimH'  iIhsiIn  ili'ln  iiimi>i|  li>   tl iiiiiia  inli'i  nl  lli.    - 

I'li'itif.  Imt   III  the   ('ii.ist    .-^iir\iy  iipi'iatnuis   tin-   ti'ii  latlmin   spot   was    luiiiiil,  ami   tin 
w-lioiuiii  wa.s  aiirhiiiiil  uii  ii  livcdavs. 

Att.'iitiiiii  was  .siilistipn-nlly  I'alli-d  to  a  innri' PXti'iidt'd  and  di'taih-d  .•vaniiiial  nm  nf  tin 

liy  till'  i-li|.piT  ship  ,V.  ,V.  /;,,;,„,,  ultcrwards  (Ir.iii  Kngh  ,  ol'  I'liilaiirlphia.  htiikiii;;  ii| 

sincf  i-,ill.'d  li.\  hi'i  n.ii Is.mi;  ami,  imdiT    iinfavur.ililc    I'innmsiaiii-i's,  t  wi>   pmnts  nf  ,. 

hiippii-^id  toi'\i>t.  to  whi.'h  apiuoviiiiat.'   positions  w.-n-  assi^'md.      In   1  s.-.H  th,-  li.mk  vv.i^ 
out  til  thi'.'xt.'iit  of  iini' liimdii'd  ami  tliiily   .sipiaiv  luihs  ;  ami  tmin  a  (-misid.  laimii  nt  i 
favoi-alih'  cin-iiii.si.m.'.'s  inidi-i  wlii.-h  this    la^t   KiirM-y  wa.s  mad.-,  n.niid.  nr.'  m  .'\pr.-.-i  .i 
point  ot  link  ah.ivi' ni.-iiti.iiii'd  isih<'oi,|\  nmi-MMin-;   hut  an  it  is  \  n  \  iliHi.nll  to  lliid 
siii-li.  pi.iiits  „|'  ,,,rk  III  liiw  i|„.  ..nrrai'i.  m  ,i  s.a  was    w.'  «liall  not  1m'  Hiirpiis.'d  it   i.iIm'I-s  h.     ■ 
lUly  finiml.     At  all  i-\,-iits.  fn-  pindi'ni  iiavi;,'ator  will  «iv.'  this  liink  a  tjiMMi  li.'itli.     lis  .n.^l 
forc'il.h  .siigt;..'sts  th.'  pi ibiliiv  that  oihiT  sni.niaiiu.-  ii.i-.'.s  la-  pa.all.'l  to  ih.'  .-oa.st. 


II  ,ll    t'iirl\    111:  ■    I 

I  IS  imit'iinn  r  r. 
i\   tlir  M11VI'\ 

l>»  r  watrr  ium 
isi  the  stroll^' 

tli;u'>4  ;i  liiMV 
iitlii  I    llliii   <  :    ' 
III;,'  ( I \  I •  I'  till'  I'll 

II  ilic  ih'tail.  .1  . 
-.iHilliu.tnl    1 

IS    lllilllc     I'IMM   ■ 

iiiii  III  lln'  I'aii 

CHllllitlOlls     .U>      ' 

iirm  II  I  nil  ""!'  '  ' 
ami  iIm'IU'c  \m  -■ 
-.•..^r:i|ilii<Ml  jMi. 


r.i.i,..).  i;™!. 


'.4MIIU 

|l|«l.ll..  . 

Mil'i 

f.\      K 

!• 

11      K 

n 

M    W 

1  ■ 

Kl      \V 

lUii^v  mu    1"'- 


AuluU.  I  ..-^   ^ 


I'r.iiii'ix'i'  nI.m- 
•li,  IV..I.     Hi-  i 
,  fi  \  liusr.  III  111 
il  it  w.is  ill  \  H'l' 

li\  r  lullillti  >. 
I,  luiI    lir    lui.. 
pcrlliirll'"  "I  '  1" 

l.illiiiins  ti«  u::  ' 

III    ?..IW   tin'  V^.ll' 

4    lll-fll    SiMll    111  1 

III.'     ,l>-llllll'"' 

:i  iiilrl    III  I'll'  ' 

mil,  ami  tlif  ~ 


iiiiiii.ili""  I'l'  I'" 
hliikiii;;  111 ' 

I  \M,     points   (i|     I' 

,1)  till-  li.iiiK  ".I- 
isitliialH'ii  I'l  ' 
ICC  IX  fxim^si  '■ 
ililJiiiill  lit  liii'l 

iscil  it    ntllil-   '' 

,mI  IhmIIi.      ll-  • 
t.(  ilu;  cuiiHl. 


f'liii  t'l"' I'  Miiiul,  S,  ,  W  .  1.1  iiulc^.  1,'.h;4  tvft. 


.""iilli  I'liil  111 


mmammt^immm^i: 


SD  l.\  K.  ,i:..  Ij  ni.ifi. 


'"■'•'f*.'    '      I    li»i»niii 


AiirhnrHKi' 


K.,.| 


l.aiiiliii;;.  .'•SK.  I  y. 


^^l^^S^'f 


ak««Hi 


U>\V.,1}  Miller 


All.  til. la^;,-  „,„|,  ,  ii„.  s,„,,|„       ,  ,, 

•I  .1.  .1.-1    ll.-.Ul    I.I    .--ull    I    Ic  III.  11 


^■'iiy^^i^TTlf  T!-' 


.•*'>iilli  n\i|  iif  1   ,         H  l.iiriil.  SSK  .ilisiaiii  I*  iiiili^ 


**^-*«p>.'  ■  .  Ill  fmm 


r'^.gaBg.'^ 


'ii'fl  l.iihillii);.  SSK.  J  K. 

.N.'iili»f,t  All.  hoiiiK.'.    >.,:,!  |,rn.-iil.'  I»:.iri,l 


SSW    t  ^^   ,  1  milr 


»-'W!l!».W|*<U  >•*!««- 


\^-   J    N    .   IJ    llMlf- 

"'111'  -i.-i  K.-.i.l  ui  >uii  (  Iciiiiii;.    :•   ,11,1 


lviai.;r,l  l|.  ul.  \\V    liN  W.  J  v\ 


1}  inilfH,  ',^.'11  ffct. 


i- 


liMWaBi^ 


<'  <{ 


Ml- 


SllU  I'lrlinlilf  I 


SI.    (s  K.  .  r.  ,  1;  in 


S<U     t  \^    .  1  ""il'" 


-*gt%a«Ji-"W'^4jg — 1.^  JM  «  *  »wW  U-t 


\V!rW  ,  1}  nuicf 


.<^  ^i 


^\' 


I'At'ii'ic  fiiAsr  ni.or. 


71 


A  cliinl  i>f  till- (uiii's  I',. ink  was  iMiltlislicil   l>.\  Ilii'Cdast  Hiirvrv  in  IS.Vi,  iuid  the  iiamo  hiw 
been  <'rn>ni'iiii>lv  riuiliniu'il  a.s  ('oiitv. 


j;_'j. 'WmmssKK.  .  --» 


,  1  iiiiIp 


IHI,\Mi    (i|     S\N    I  l.r.Mr.NTK. 

Tins  islaiiil  lh'>  I'oitN  l\Mi  inilio  Iihi.kI  oil'  llirnia^l  al  Sin  I'lilro  Hill.  Liki' all  tin'  i^iaiiih  til 
till!  Haiita  r>,ii  liaia  <  'ImiiiimI  it  i^  In^'li  ami  Imlil,  tin'  .suiillicaslrni  ciiil  ln-iii^'  tlir  lii;:liri.  Tiii-  ci-tifral 
tn-nd  I'l  till'  i^laml  i>  ii.>iIIi\m-.s|  liaJC  vm-mI  (  N  W  .  ,3  W.i,  its  lciit;ili  i'i;;liircn  ami  onr  halt'  miles, 
witli  lui  a\i'ia;:i'  liiiMillli  lit  itrarlN  Ivmi  ami  nm- lialf  iiilirs,  'I'lii' cumIit  ImimiIiIi  i-*  tnwaiil^  tlio 
Kiiiitin'iisti'rii  mil.  'I'lir  a  Ira  I'l  I  In-  islaml  i^  litt\  iiiir  ami  a  hill'  -ii|ii,iii'  slaliitr  miles.  The  smith- 
oriiliiost  |iiiiiit  III  ihi'  i^laml  lieais  \M's|  iiiieliall  smiili  ,  W  .  ',  S.  trniii  rmiit  Loiiia  ia;:lit,  ili>taiir 
sixty  miles. 

Till'  |iiilili>lii'il  I'll  III  III  the  San  I'eiliii  Chaiiiiel  nImiws  llie  I'eatiiie^  iil'  the  islaiiil  remarkalil.v 
w<>ll.  The  mil  I  he. i>i  el  II  siile  i>.  >ti  aiulit  .iml  \  er\  Imlil,  1  imiil:  s'lai  |il>  In  a  \  ei'\  iiiiit'lirm  1  iil;^e  inn- 
IlillK  tlie  u  hull'  li'iij^lh  III  I  he  i-<l.iml  ami  tei  iiiiiial  iiiu  |ileei|iiliiii'<l>  a  I  the  eastern  |Miiii|.  Tlii->  eiesf- 
lllll*  JH  less  than  mie  mili'  li'mn  I  he  slime,  e\i'e|il  at  I  he  iiihlille  nl  I  he  isl.iinl.  I  )ii  t  he  son t hern  si<li> 
till' Hliiire  IS  miii'h  iimii'  lirnkeii,  has  Inwer  elitis,  ami  i^  hiiiileieil  l>\  roeks,  lint  iiinie  exienilin;;  iiv.'t- 
oili<-i|iiarter  mile  liMiM  shme.  The  sliipes  tiiiin  the  li.ii'kliiine  aie  ;;iai|iial,  lint  eill  ll|)  li\  a  ;.'reivt 
iniiMV  tiails\  el  >e  ai|i|  ili'e|i  .irrnsns.  'I'his  smilliein  slii|ie  i->  Well  lliaikeil  li\  M'Veii  or  eiuht  Jilo- 
tiiiiini'i'd  tenaees  111'  |ilateaii\. 

The  crest  line  nl'  the  islam  I  allain>  an  i'li'\  ,il  ion  nl'  iiim  lien  hnnilieil  .iml  -"ixtv  I'liiir  feet  a  limit 
onc-tliiril  r  the  w'a>  rrmn  the  smitheast  emi,  lint  (he  L'l'iiil''  IVmn  the  niirihwe>.t  emi  is  so  iiiiilmin 
iUiil  I'lisy  that  a  w  ,1:^1111  eiinhl  he  taken  mfiil.  .Mmi^  this  iiil;^'e  al  intervals  are  the  remains  nl' 
miineriMis  Imliaii  i.im'liei  la^.  Near  the  eeiiter  nl  the  islaml.  ^miii.'  timii  ilie  mirihuest,  is  the  lirst 
natiinil  tank  i<\   watei',  ami  t'imn  here  ii|iw,iri|s  i^reat  lihieks  ul'  simie  i-ii\er  the  ;;riiiiml. 

The  sunt  hea>t  jiail  nl'  the  islaiiil  Is  iniiili  less  liai  nil  than  llie  nmtliwi'si  jiart,  ami  tnwanls 
tliat  iMItl  the  >hi'e|«,  with  u  hit  h  the  l-lailil  is  sliieUiil.  lmi^ll.\  ;;ia/.e.  The  i'-lainl  is  |e|Hirleil  In  lie 
illiiioNt  enlireU  .1  lil.iek  pinttiiiie  link  with  a  shallnw  suil  n|imi  it.  In  the  ileeji  unlt'lies  ami  in  a 
ttiW  iHiilati  il  .'lilts  sni, ill  rlum|is  iiT  siriilt  ti.ik  amimaha  are  I'niiml.  liimaii\  plaees  mi  the  snnth 
mill  HOII  til  west  f.ifes  iit'  I  he  i-laliil  the  eaetlis  is  \  ery  tliitk.  The  mily  s]ii:im  (if  water  tni  I  lit'  islaiiil 
JM  at  tlie  lieaii  iif  a  small  i^iileh  mi  the  Mmtheasteiii  t'aee,  a  I II  lilt  mill  w  ay  hit  ween  I  lie  nm  t  h  west  anil 
Hiiiitlu'ast  1  I  .is  ami  just  al  the  ft  ml  tif  the  sunt  hern  emi  nt  the  hi;;he-t  |ilateaii.  Tanks  or  ••  water- 
IioIi'h"  ;  e  ii  iii|  mi  the  SI  ml  hern  ami  south  west  erii  s|ii|ie^  nf  the  i.>lanil  at  the  eil^xeof  the  plateiiiiH 
wliiTi'  the  ;;  ili'iies  Itej^iii.  They  are  worn  out  l>\  rocks  whirletl  armiml  in  a  hole  in  the  heavy  rain- 
fallH.  .Many  of  them  are  inaccessihle.  ami  now  hnltl  the  carca.sses  of  sheep  that  h.ivetiic',1  to 
ri'iU'li  them.     The  water  holes  near  Sill  11;;;; let's  ( "ove  are  shii\Mi  mi  the  chart. 

At  Ihe  iiiiithvM'stern  t'\tremil\  nl  the  islaml  it  has  lieeii  nliscrveil  lis  the  ("nast  Siirsey  paity 
that  rainarcas  w  ill  fifiimnilv  aihance  I  n\  inlsihe  islaml  linn'  the  smitliwaiil.  hut  when  within 
a  mile  nf  the  slmre  t  lic>  lii't'.ik  np.  ami  I  he  cistern  part  of  t  he  raiiiarea  ctnil  iniics  Its  ailv.ince  ami 
HCttles  o\cr  the  lii;,'her  |i,iil>  of  the  islaml,  wliilsl  lite  western  part  eliaii;;es  its  cniiise  ami  swili;,'s 
arouinl  the  nm  Ihwcst  emi  nf  the  i>laml  until  il  rcai  lit'>  1  he  nppnvile  siilc  frnin  «  iili'li  it  apprnaclieil. 
Ill  this  way  the  mhii  llea.^t  emi  recci\es  much  imire  r.iin  than  the  nnrthucsl  iinl. 

Hi/ilrciiniiiliii.  -'ll\f  sonmlin:4;s  arniiinl  thi'  i>l.iml  -.Imw  a  tlcpth  nf  frmii  thiil\  to  one  linmlreil 
ami  thirty  fathmn-- clo>c  inshnrc.  except  nlV  the  iini  |hue-.ii'riiiiins|  pninl,  I'rmn  which  a  reef  makes 
out  npiirly  one  mile,  liesiilc  this  ami  Ihe  incks  on  the  west  sitle  of  the  iinrtliwe>l  anehora^;e,  the 
Hhnreotthe  i>.l.iml  li.is  tin  nllllyin;:  incks  lieyoml  nlie  ipl. liter  or  niielhirtl  nf  a  mile,  riie  line 
hiliulri'il  t'allioin  line  lies  \\  ilhin  one  h.llf  In  Iwnlhiiils  of  a  mile  nlV  the  nnitheast  sh'ire.  Iillt  two 
to  three  ami  a  half  miles  oil'  the  sonihwcst  shore,  with  a  lintlmn  of  line  t,'i'ay  sami,  Inokeii  shells, 
ami  ;;ravcl  ;  licymiil  that  ilepth  the  liottmii  is  ;;ciier,illy  ^iceii  inml  ami  saml.  Oil'  the  northeast 
sboro  the  si\  hnmlrcil  I'lllinai  line  of  -<niniilin;:s  is  within  twn  miles  at  its  iicaresl  appro.ieli 
towards  the  we-iein  emi. 

The  pnlili^liitl  ch  irl  tines  mil  ;;i\'e  an\   kelp  litliU  armiml  llie  islaml. 

Tlif  \orikirfst  I'liliil  cii  the  isl.iml  is  the  \ciy  low  ami  sharp  cxtrcinily  n\'  a  sini;le  terraced 
beail  that  rises  to  a  hrii,'ht  ol  one  linmlred  ami  ninety  twn  feet  alinxc  the  sea  in  a  i|iiaiter  of  a 
mile  from  the  iiearoi  shore.  The  lanil  is  only  I  wen!  v  feet  liii;li  mie  sivth  ot'  a  mile  t'rnin  I  he  point. 
A  Hin^xle  line  111  snnken  rucks  runs  mil  wfsl  hy  nm  i  h  \S  .  Iiy  N.'  iie.irl.N  hall  a  mile  to  a  incky  islet 
seventy  yai'ls  in  extent.  The  lieati  is  ne.irls  one  and  a  halt'  miles  ImiLT,  iinrlli  iimtlieast  ainl  south- 
southwest.     I'lasi  ward  nf  ii  s  1101 1  hern  Ici  iniii  iMmi  lies  ( 'Icineiite  .\mhniaj;i',  ami  east  of  its  south- 


m 


§ 


liftSUBiBSECkSSiB33S8SStlI''3SMMBMKiiMM 


^ 


72  rA(  MH     t'lA.sI     I'll.itl. 

oni  point  is  l>n;;RV  fovc.  |!<tmiil  tlir  iii'.ul  i.^  a  siiiiiil  v;tllfy  nmnottintr  tl"-  Iwim'(>v(>< 
"list  ami  imriliiM^l  ol'  llu>  \.i!li-,\  ilic  iaii'l  ii>t>  (jradiuiilj  I"  live  liiiiitln'.l  Ici  i  in  .»  niilr  .i 
to  lilt'  t.il'lf  tiii^'i'  lAcilonkiiii;  \\  il-iiiu's  ruvi'. 

Till' M>ii!i<l!ii;.'-i  I'H  lliis  |u.iiit  aif  iriiiiiilii,  .iihI  if  in  <iiiit('  putlial)!)'  tliat    llu    line  ni 
cainnl  hcvoiiil  the  ).hU>  is'i.'I,  Immmum>  a   .lipili  -il  liiiir  r.illi.iiiis  is  ;ri\cii  at    loin  liitli- 
W(  .-I  .if  till'  ]i(iiiit.     OiUsulr  this  slio.il  s|...|  III.'  .li'ptlis  iiKirasf  I.I  lill.N   latlnniis  'I  I  \\..  ii, 
till'  iioiiil. 

Tlif  ;:t'();,'iaiiliiial  iHKsition  of  tlii>  iiortliucstorii  imhiiI  is: 

I.aiuu.l •'^'      '"      •■"     •"'rll' 

I^.i.ti'l'i.l'' "'      ■^'     ■'"•     """' 

Or,  ii.  till..' "'     M"' -iV  I 

PuiiTmiii  lliivl.—'VU.>  i>  111.'  .'.i'-!.  Ill    p.. lilt    ■<(  ill.     island,      ll  is  .|inl<'  -iiaip,  lii;;li. 
iac;;t'<l.     'I'lif  clilVs  ii'a'li  in-ailv  iw"  liiiiuln'.l  ti'ft  clfx.'li.tn  on  ilif  ii..illi«isl  si.li',  aii.l  i!  ■ 
part  ol   111.' p..inl   is  t  uo  IhiimIu'iI  aii.i   liftN  ti\i'   tut    i»l>oM' tln' sia  aii.l  vvitlmi   uni'   liur 
s.'V.tiiy  >.iiiN  lr"lM  ll.      To  'lie  li.'.lir.isl  and  l»'ii;ii.l  this  p.ak  tlirr.'  i-.  a  .l.pii'.>"i.iii  ol   v 
wliii'li  liiiiiis  a  iii'ik,  will  ii.i' till'  naiiow  lid::.'  ot   ilns  fiivt  Inn-  nf  tlu'  isl.iiid   tisi'stn-.. 
dn-il  am!  t\\<iit\  Ifcl  in  half  a  mil.',  with  amilhcr.  hut  ^l.^jhti'i .  .h  pirssun  !.t'\oii<l.     I'l.  ■ 
pnssi.iii  III.   ii.lm*  rises  suiiih'til>  t.i  iiiiif  iiiini!  '••I  tcci  in  a  .piailrint   a  niilr,  vvhcii   i  ilm 
simi  .>f  on.' hiin.irvd  ami   til'iN  I.tI  .mtiii-:  .     This  last    jumIi,  «  huh  is  .mly  i.ni' tilth  ..f  a  n 
ill.'  iimth  shoi.'.  r.iiiiis  .|iiU<'  a   p\  .aiind.d  oli|t'ft  wtnii    si'i  ii  limii  ct'itain  dii.  iti.iii^  I'niiii  - 
'I'lif  l.i\\i-i  jii'.ik  I'll  til.'  cvtriiiH'  iM.iii!   Ii.i>  a  soiiifwliat  Miiiilar  ap|ii  aiaiuc.      Ih.')  ..m.' 
iiiarka!.].' I'l'aliiM'S  i'.ii  iiiakiiu' III!'  i.-laml.      I'tinii   lln- d',  pir.s.'.ioii   lii'\  <.ii.|  i  he  hi;jh.  i    |i>ij 
cii'st  liiH-  cuiitiiim's  >l..ul\  ii-.iii-  In  the  n.iithwt'sl. 

Tlu'  iMTllnTM  dioii'  "f  P\iam;(!  Ilrad  is  wry  ro  i>;hlv  hrok.  n  ar.l  pri-cipitoii".  l.n  ihi. 
The   Miiltlu'iil    sh.iTf,  imiuil  to    I'vraiiiai    oi    Siiiilt.'^;h'r>- ( 'o\  .•  .Xiiiln.i.ij;.',  is   l.ivd.fli,  l.til 
liitrh  as  ill.' north  shm.' :  tln'  lainl  iisc*  |L;iailtiall\    to  lli.'  nrsi  lini'.  ami   i.s  inaikt'.l    li\  : 
di'tiiu'.l  i.'iia.'.'s.     'I'lii'ii'  air  ii..  ti.'cs  .<ii  ilir  nd;.'.'  and  poiiii.and  lliwcx  rruiitv  ha    a  mi 
an.I  fiiihuiiiii'.;  api.i'ariiii  I'.     .\  \  ii-v    of  l';.rarai.l   ll.a.l  and  i'ov.'  is  ;,"\i'ii   :ii  the  ('...isi 

III  poll   liil     1  <>'>. 

.\  liiii'.il  iiM'ks  il.i.s .'  wal.i,  ami  siiiikvii  riM'ks  I'Vl.  ii.ls  tu.i  hiin.lri.l  \  ar.i>  t..  ilu' .  a- 
fast    l'!N  E.    limii  th.'  pmiit. 

Till'  soiii.iiiiij^s  rl.isi  aii'iiinl  'sill'  |ioiiit  air  m  r>  ili-i'i>,  .tiid  ..11  f  li.'  iu..liiii;:atii>ii  .'I  ilo'  • 
shore  to  tht' south,  a-^tw. II. 1  a  inarkt'il  line  id  ililleiri' ■>•  iiiniplh  |..  n.vti.i.l  ;  !..lhi  •.  r 
tins  line  the  il.'|.ih  1- alMint  lilt\  (allmins  iit  one  inih  distant  timii  the  p.. int  ,  t.iihe  ii..i 
tlieliiie  till'  ii.'p!l.  i^  thn'e  hlllnlred  rallioiii>  at  .llie  liide.  Tins,  as  well  iW  the  si.llli.lll.^ 
the  i-laii.I.  .leail^  iii.la'ales  the  suhniariiu'  iirojertioii  of  the  island  form. 

The  i;eot;iajihieal  p.i.sitioii  of  theextnnnil;.  of  J'sranud  Mead  is: 

L-'>ii<'>'l'' :      ».     I-.'    tii.rii' 

'•""Kltinli II-       ■:„      ...      wtiit 

"r    ,1,  liiiic _ 7        ,1        . ;,  7 

The  ediiipui.d  ;iia;:m'ii.' \aiiati.iii  foi  .l.iiiiiiM  1,  Is8,'i,  w.u.  Ii  I",  e.i^t.  wi[h:i\eaih 
of   1  .1. 

Th<  S<-)ithriii  /'./i«f.__Tliis  point  of  the  island  is  ai'   irrejrului   rm-kv  elilV  live  hiimln 
l>rii:i.t,  iLsiii;;  ..ui'  !iiiiiilr''d  and  eijilit  IVei  .ihove  rlu-M'a.     Ii  lies  m.uIIi  Hi\t\  ,le;.'iees  '\est  ,  :>  • 
three  ami  tuo  iIiikN  null-*  from  ilie  nearest  part  of  I'vraiind  Jlea.l,     !m  the  mod.iatejs  ih. 

lietweei,   i.v  i'v  ,  ,,,i,„l  ,,1   !s|iill;.vl''r'H  Cn  e.      Tw .»  Iu|.-ll  nx  ky  l.slets  ll.- .'l.i'.e  nilde!   either  an. 

p.. ml,  I'll!  tiieie  isii<.pa^,sa;:e  way  Uitw.-eii  ||„'ii,  and  the  in.kin  l.lntl.      liehind  tlie  p-mi; 
liM's  III  Ion;;  ri.i;.'es   for  thic'  iiiih".  |..  rii,' erest  line.     The  shore  hio-   to  I  h;'  u.-.st  w.iid    lu; 
iiorihwe.-.i  liir  ll  III  or  live  inil.^  i.i  Mi.hli,.  |',nat. 

Aroiiml  ih.  |...iii!  .1,1.1  l..'f\v.eii  the  r.>ek\  ish'ts  Ih.'  .ji'lith  ol  wiiter  is  siv  fiitho-ii-'  111.11 
close  iii.>liore,  .111.1  .I..i»|||.,  of  m.-h,.  ,,, '.iMeeii  lathoiiii.  ar.-  Imiti,)  wuiim  li.ilf  :i  mileol  ih. 
over  tine  ^ray  s;,nd  uii.l  hi.ik.'h  sli.-IU.  .\i  i  .li.staiiee  of  ..ne  mile  the  u»'tieral  .hpih  i-  th.i 
onis,  Willi  a  le^'iilai  iii.re,i'>e  i.iw.ir.ls  the  s.nitlnwst. 

Till!  >.'eo).'rai>li;.',tl  p.t.M.ioii  of  Hi.  "...ii'lieast  ,ui;;l.'  oj  Jh"  poiio  is: 

'•■''''•''''    r^      4>*'    tX','     iK.rtli 

'^"'«"'"'" II-       •£,      Xr      «vr,t. 

*^f.Oj   tlllll' , -,.      _.,3,„      ,.m;, 


<  t    III   .1   Jlllli    .1 

It     till     hiir  ut 
It    r.niilittli- 

dlllS  ;>l    I  «  II   Id 


1      .Ml     I. ..rill 
;i.     '.HI     uist 

•  liiiip,  liicli. 
>t  >|ilt\  .illil  I :  ■ 
tlilll    iMir    liuiv' 

1  |ilr>.'.iiili  ul    >. 

ml  I  IMS  ti'  --i  ' 
lii'U)lnl.  I  ii.ri 
If,  "  lifli  a  llill'. 

>li<-  tillll  lit'  ;t  II 
inrlmii-  Innii  - 
•«•.     Tlii'>  full--' 
!if  lii;;lifr  |v\  i;i 

f i|iit<>ii?<  till  Ilip 

l-.     ilfllvfll,  lull 

iii.iikfil   li>  I 
f  mil  \   !i.i    ,«  \  II 

I'll    '.II   tlif    ( 'u  !>' 

\  :ir.l>  to  I  lif  1  .1- 

liKiltiiili  •'■  I  li'  ' 
■fti  ;  I."  I  III-  -nii: 
111!  ;  In  I  lif  ll"l 
I-    Uif  Miiimlili^- 


I  '      I.'     tmrtli. 
•^1      .V.      v«>«l 

t,t.   «ilil  :i  \iMll> 


filtl    ll\f    liUII<ll> 
,|,.^.j,.,.>  >\,>t  ,  > 

lif  liiuilf  l.ilf  l.\  ill  ■ 
llllili'l   fltlliT  .11'. 

fliiiiil  tlif  |Mimi  ' 

U'-.'  Wf.tt Willi!    I  ir 

*  SIX  fiillinilf'  til'" 

h. lit' It  iiiilf  ol  111' 

unil  tifptli  i'«  tli'i 


4-      (>•,        ii'illli 
:.3'»    4T.  l 


I'Arll  IC    CiiA.M'    I'll-dl.  (,. 

T«(  Miililli  rmnl. — 'I'lif  1. ■;!:•>  II"  ;;;;i!ii;iliui.v  in.irUfil  imijfflioii.s  t'liiiii  the  loii^  ciiiviii;,'  mit- 
lilieof  tlif  .suiilliwf.- 1  sliiiic  orSiiii  <"lfiiK'iitf  Isliiiiil;  Iml  wlifii  a  Vfssfl  is  clusc  iiislioif  ,i  Ion;;-  nar- 
row |i(iiiit  is  iiiailf  (Mil  iifailv  liail' wa.v  liflnw  Sial  llailior  amlilif  Sdiiilifin  I'uiiit.  'I'lif  fxlifiiiit.v 
iiflliis  imint  is  ciiiiiiiaial  i\  fl\  liiw,  till'  iliiVs  li'in;;  iimI  umt  lit'ly  I'ci'l  alinvf  t  In-  water,  and  uiily 
roaf  hill;;  oiif  liiiiiili  III  Itrl  in  lialT  a  iiiilf.  It  has  rucks  clusi  iiinlfr  llif  clill's.  Tin-  |Miiiit  lif.s  live 
iiiilfs  niirlli  hi\t.vli\f  ilc  Lficfs  Wfst  (N.  ti"i  W.)  rimii  tlif  Sum  In- m  Tuint,  and  li\f  inili'SMiiitli  lilt> 
livf  df;;rffH  cast  \S.  ,">."i  I-",.)  I'roiii  Seal  llarlmr  I'uint,  wlinli  is  jiinI  uiilsidf  .ao  liiii'  to  lliu  point 
Corininp:  Dri'^^'.s  t'livf. 

This  |Hiint  ruiins  tin'  luuailfst  puint  uf  llif  island,  and  lifs  iifarly  iiiidf r  tlif  lii^lifst  part,  heiii;; 
tliro«aiid  line  ci^lith  nnlfs  suiitli  tliiil,\  tlircf  df^iifs  wfst  (S.  .'i.'l     W.)  llniftruin. 

Tlif  puiiii  marls  uiif  inilf  tu  thf  f.istwaid  uf  Middlf  I'liiiit  is  miicli  liuldfi'  and  liixln'r,  rising; 
l'it)iu  tiif  si'ity  I'i'ct  il  ill's  111  tlif  liiiii  •Iiniidifd  and  I  wfiily  t'fft  tf  ii.n'f  in  une  iinarlfiuf  a  milf.  .Miuve 
llii.'^  ri.sf  six  utlicr  ucll  dfliiifd  Ifiraifs,  ilif  hiL'lifsl  hfin^  at  luiiitcfii  lininlifd  and  I'mty  livf  t'fft 
aIiOV«>  thf  sfa.  At  luii;;  dislamis  this  Hiiih  TnUh  I'ait.l  will  \h-  sffii  lifl'nif  tin-  luui-r  land  ul'  llif 
Middle  roint  is  raised  almve  tlif  liuri'uii. 

Tlic  sunndiii^'s  utl'  tlifse  puiiils  are  nn.J.i'r-i.f ly  ifLTiil.ir,  ;.;i\  in:,'  si\  I'alliuins  ul'  water  about  t'uiir 
Iiiindl'iMl  yards  t'luni  sin, if,  and  tliiitv  tatlniiis  at  mio  mile.  '1  nc  uiif  liiindifd  lalliuin  eiirve  is 
nearly  tliico  imlfs  uil  slmre. 

The  {.'I'ujiiaiiiiieal  position  ul   the  f\treiiiil\  ut   Middle  I'uiiit  is: 

Latituil" ;'.-.'      .'1      I'-       iiurlli. 

I,iiiiL;iliiili'  II-      '■'>!>     n,'.       \M'si. 

Or.  in  liiiH'     7''    .'il'"   iMi«.  ;! 

i'U-mcnlf  .l/ii/c'cdi/!'.  — On  liif  mntli  sidf  of  thf  nmiliwesi  c  ml  ul  tlif  island  iheif  is  a  small  indfii- 
tation  of  the  sliiire  liiif,  t'uriiiin'r  an  aiieliura.i;f.  having:  a  width  of  three  ipiarteis  ul'a  mile  li_\  hall' 
il  iiiilo  ill  depth,  will'  sunndiii;,'s  deiifasin;.'  Iium  twfhe  t'atliums  ,1111  thf  liiif  ofa  hirtjf  rocky  islet 
at  the  iiorthnest  sidf  !u  .1  puin;  fast  li>  suniln  to  tinii  and  i'iM'  I'.iihoins  clusf  inshuif.  Kflp  will 
111'  totiiid  ill  ten  la  I  hums;  lint  tin'  Imttum  s  tulfrahly  le  i;iilar  and  hard.  It  is  aiiyliiiii;,'  Iml  a  pleas- 
iuit  or  sut'e  aiicliuia;;f  in  had  iioitliwfst  weatlifr,  and  fVfii  in  hf.ivy  suiitherly  weathfr  thf  sw  f  II 
iimst  roll  in  disa^i  ff  ably.  Its  1  el.it  lun  to  I  lie  f  nd  of  I  lif  isl.ind  is  sin uv  11  In  t  he  l.ilf  st  ^f  neral  chart, 
\  hydro^raphic  sketch  of  it  was  issued  fiuni  the  Cu.i.st  .SniMy  ()!i;ffiii  |s.")j. 

Wihi'n't  Con- — ( >n  tlif  in 'it  hern  sii'.f  ol  the  island,  and  t  wu  and  uiif  half  milfs  abuiit  fast  s'.nitli- 
east  from  the  ("li'inenlf  Vncliura;;! ,  there  is  a  seeuinl  anchuia;.;!-  open  tu  nuri  h  and  e,i^t.  'riieie  is 
a  {^reiit  piuiectiun  uf  Ihe  ^Imre  l.ne  betwffii  llieiii  marly  one  1111  if  luni,';  and  t'loin  thf  east  f  in  jiuint 
of  tlii.'^  piu|eciiuii  the sh'ire-line  is  nearly  straight  fur  une  mile  in  a  Miiiiinast  diiiction  to  the  ('u\e. 
The  fiwo  of  this  sirai;;lil  sliuif  is  \i  ry  precipitous,  lisiiiir  to  four  linmlKd  I'let  in  ijl'ty  yards.  To 
tho  etiHt  wan!  if  the  Cio  e.  the  hind  bfliiml  the  roii  tiding'  point  rises  lo  sexen  liiimlied  and  fort;,  feet 
ia  II  loll^',  ref^iliar  slo|ie  toi  one  mile.  iJetweeii  this  luii^  iiielilie  and  thf  fsc  rpliient  to  the  west- 
wiird  there  is  -i  small  valley.  olV  the  inoiith  of  which  is  the  cov(>  and  aiifliora;,'f.  N'essels  may  aneliur 
ilbout  twi)  Inindred  \aids  ulV  shure  In  se\eii  tu  eiL,'ht  I'athunis:   but  there  is  deep  wale.'  uiitside. 

TliC  ainliorajie  m.iy  o;'  reeoH:iiized  li,\  a  Imi;;,  luw  lainli  hunse  mi  the  wfstern  snl,'  t\\'  the  \alley 
faeiiijt  thf  wati-r,  and  a  I'fW  yards  from  lii;,di  w.itfr  niaik.  To  thf  eastward  ol'  .his  raiifli  Innisf 
about  one  hiindifd  yaids  i.if  thf  furrals  and  shfarin;.;-  sheds  uf  the  eumpans  which  uwii  the  sheep 
on  tlie  island.  .\  wuuden  w.iiei  tank  adiuiniii;;  the  huii-e  his  filhn  inlu  disii-c,  uini  w  atf  1 ,  as  wfll 
as  w<mh1,  is  bruiii;hl  lium  thf  mam  land  iliiriiij,'  tlif  shfarlny  sfasuii. 

K.\<M'pt  in  ver\  he^uy  iiuithwest  bluus  the  aiieliorai;e  is  L;oid  in  sninmer,  when  the  uiieris 
ipiite  .^inouili  and  ihf  wiii'l  ili.iws  uif  the  shme  in  .stion,'  piilfs.  The  Lilii  mows  laihei  close  in- 
shoie,  iviid  dillieiili\  is  soinei  inns  e\pi  1  ieiieed  u  hen  ;,'!•  1 1  iii',M  ,idf  r  u  .ly.  as  the  ainhor  luiils  in  it. 
'I'he  bfiuli  is  com  posed  of  liea\>  shin^de,  and  bet'ore  beach  ill;:  a  boat  the  lar;,'erand  sharper  stones 
iDUal  be  eli-ared  away. 

I'timmiil  or  Siiiv<iiilii\  rncc.*  — ruder  tlie  .suiitheast  end  of  the  island,  iiiifhora'.'e  may  l»e  had 
III  the  dee  pe.^tl  liart  III   (he  iiideiitalion   e.illed   SninLr;,'if  I's  < 'ove,  bill  the  bultoin  is  luekv  and  iiif;: 
iilar.     The  bill tfs  at  this  place  are  cut  ii|>  ii\  deep  -iilihes   III  which    the  water  Ills  wiiiii  Its  way 
down  to  the  rmk,  which  contains  many  lissnres.  .some  ver.v  deep  and  lilled  with  fresh  u.iter  alter 
tli«  ruins.     The  sunt he.isternmost   point  is  a\ast   sandstone   pyramid,  and  when  the  easterninust 

•Then!  in  ul»"  .1  .Vwi(i;i//rr'»  f"!-.  iimli'i  lli.-  1  .i-Iriii  ru.l  nT  .s,iii|:>  I 'ni/  Ii-laliil,  aiiil  pri'  ilalliif;  tin,-..      Tins  uiir  iHif,'lil 
venf  welt  lio  il'^iunili  il  /'i/uniinf  '  ■11,   r.ir  vi  :i'..ins  ini'iitiniM'.l  in  llii'  li'xi. 


l\ 


l'\tll  ic    (  HAM     111  oT. 


l\ 


;n: 


';■; 


'     i 


.'Xtrnnity  of  tlic  l>«iiit  is  himmlit  to  l>far  ihmIIi.  miuI  (lif  iicaicsl   ...liori'  is  tlnt'i'-.|iiiiit.Ts  .  • 
ili>laiit.  111.'  ah.  !:•■:. iiii-  "ill  li<'  "<s|  l.\   nnilli    W  .  I'\  N.'  two  iiiilo.s  <lis»iiii(  iiiiil  jiisi  ,it  tin 
Inn  It  ol   tlif  l>fl|i.  Ill  It'll  li>  iilliTii  lalli.'iu-  >'\i\  a  U:>I!miii  ,.1   liinMlatlr  t:ra\  >.iiiil    ami  cmr  : 
mil.'  Iroiii  llii'  nariou  saml-lMarii  al  llic  li>..l  («!'  liif  clitVs.     O'llsi.ic  ..f  (lit'  l,t!|.  lUf  .|f|,i: 
liiMii  It'll  tt.  •Iiirl>  lallitiiii.s.     TliiN  aiifhtna-f  \mI1  allitnl   liit.lfilH.n   ri    lua-.  >  ii'.riliw,--! 
A  siiiiKfii  lot  U,  I'aii'  at  iiit-  Iium  -I  li<lf>.  has  lufii  liiM-t.M'icii  iii  ilif  «f>i.iii  ji.a!  t.T  I  In-  t  - 
It'll  raliiiiiii  iiiit'.      lihtsS,  ::     W.iln.f   imlfs   iMnti  llif   >..iitlii'a'.ii'i!iiii"-l    jhhhI    ..tilu   . 
N.  .!!•     !•;.  tloin  llif  wi-Nl'Tii  I'liiiil  itf  II"   tn\f.      Il  i>   a  i|iiailii    "1   a    unit'    Imai  llif  n.  .:rf.; 
tlif  iimlli.  ami  tin  n-  i>  no  i.fi|i   iSoiit  ii. 

A I  llif  Wf-lti  li  ci.il  oi'  ilif  oiif  Mil  if  >a  111  I  tifacti,  aiai  ii.  ai  l>  a)iifas|  of  !ii.    aiii  lioi  a^f.  • 
"illflifs.  Iia!l   a  ni'i.   ai'ai  i.  ■•I'fii  ii|.oi.   I  In-  ofai'ii.       ["iif  ta>lti!ionf   lias  a  pomi  nl    l.iaii, 
at  il>  iiioiilli  iifar  l!if  t'tacii.      Ttit-  ••  watf  r  liolo."  oi  lank-,  t.f  Irt'sli  v<  aid.  ii|>  I  lus  -iijt  li  ,, 
;i  ,|ii,iiii  1  ol  a   inilf    loiii  till'  lifaili  and  I'oni  iin  liom  (die  tti  iliitf  llit.iisaiitl  ;^alloiis  ot  |i. 
wati'i'.      r.ai!fl>  iii.i     1"   foii\fiiiiiil!\   lilifil  lifif  aiitl  iDlini  |i.  tlif  ln'aili. 

A  \if"  of  I'vi,  'i.iil    lliail    aii'I   a|r]iioaflif-  In    ihf  coM'  i^   ;;iM'ri   in    tlif  *.  Ha.^I  Smv. 
I'm    l■^.^(!. 

Ihiiiaa   ('ore. — t  >ii    llif   ■^iMiili    --alf    of  [!if    iioi !  liwi'Nt    ln-.ul    ol   S.in   '  li-int  iilf   l.-find. 
•ti  To.'--  Irmti  llif  l"lf  llii'lilf  AliilioI.i::f,  lliclf  i-  ,i  Miiall  llitlf  Ilia  1  loll  ti|i<|i  tt)  Mil'  M'lllll.  Init  .11 
parti. il    Iff  Iroiii   llif  «f>tfil\    .>\m1I.     llif   >iiir.ii\M'>li'i ii   |itimi  of  tlii>t(i\f  is  iiist  oiif  n 
M  \lff  11  tif  un'f>  f,i.»;    S.  Ill     !!>  fioiH  ilif   iio!  iliwt  ^ii  I II  I'Mrciiiii  \  of  liif  I'.I.iihI,  ami  llif  .n 
lies  ma  1 1>   hall  a  Miilf  iii-itlc  llii>  [loliil  to  llif  iiiiillu'.(>.t  li\  fn-t.  « lif  if  M'>.st'K  aia  litii  ,  u .. 
val'ils  till  llif  iiioulli  of  a  Nin.ill.  lallnr  lilii.lti  \.ilii  \ .      A  lilif  of  -aatl  sMi-tii-.  t.\  fi  I  lie  |„  ;i, 
lifat'li  al  ilif  fo\  f.      I  !if  -lioif  !o  I  111   fa-"! «  ;'ttl  foii-isls  .if  motif  laiil.v  lo'->   t  iiil-.  Imuli  h  i| 
.^iiiiUfti  rocks  t'\tf Mil  two  liiiinlii'il  \  .iiiU  Miiiili  soiiiliwf  ^t    from  tlif  s<iiitliwf.,|    imiiit  o;   ■ 
w  itli  tiff  p  wati-r  on  I  Ml  If.     .-^f  \  cu  f.iilioiii-  ol   «  .itfr  w  foil  ml  hioatl  iii    tin-  ftivc,  ami  lilit  i  ,i 
at  half  .1  iiiilf  III  ihf  appro, If hfs. 

Si.il  ll<iil'iir.—t)n  Ihf  Miiitli\\f.>.tfrii  slmrf  of  ihf  i>.laml,  .iIhuiI  iiiitl"a\  lift«ffii  thf  •;^. 
ilifif  IS  a  Mil. ill  null  lit. itioii  of  ihf  >|ioii   liiif  opfii    to    tin-   s(iiii|if.i>t.      It    In   ,1  -mill  Unit!   ■ 
lor  Vf>sfN  iif  till  ol  liiit  111  iiiiiN.      Tlif  wfNtfrii  viiii- ol  this  ititlfiitatiini  iiihn  in,;  i  h  i.onln.i 
for  tiiif  iliiiti  ol   .1  iiiilf  jiul  ihfii  Ihf    iiitifr  ."iioif  iini^  m  ailv  halt  a  milt-   •■oiiilif  a'-l » :,iil  : 
lo«  liliilV  « liifh    stiftfhf-iiiit\x.ini    -oiitli  li,\   Wf^t    toi  |«o  Ittimtici)   \atils.      I'hf  if  aif  h" 
toi'k".  i^li  I  1\  ill'.' tiiif  hiimlrfd  aiitj  lilt.v  \aiiKoll  iliis  List  ptijnt. 

Thf  \%:stfiii  shor.i  1  if  thf  fo'.f  iisf>  ilioiii  thtff  hiimlii'il  Iff  t  a!>ti\  f  the  •*<';i  illid  is  \  ti  \  . 
and  thf  iioilli  slmrf  i->  a  flirt  liortiiiid  I'.v  .i  loi  k\ ,  low.w  ad'l  liiif,  HiitMitlf  iin-  iiinldlf  ..| 
Ihfif  I-  a  rofk\  jslft  .ilioiit  tfii  lift  III  lM'i;,;h!  ami  (i>rl>  \.inls  in  fxttni  :  iml  in  Hit-  tii/ 
fo\  I'  Ihf  ri' IS  iiiinthfr  roiKy  islf  I  alioiil  si\t\  ft  I't  in  lifiuhl  .mil  mn  t- nt  \  Iim-  \  .ii  iN  in  i  \ri 
is  tofallv  kiio«ii  as  .sm./  luirl;.  'i'lifsf  incUs  M'lVf  to  in. ilk  tin-  ctiM'  imd  ihf  .ipprii.n  I,. 
ffU  small  rofks  he  ol)  thf  fxtrfiintv  'd  'hf  poiiit  o|  Ihf  wi'sl  sliort-.  Tlif  lii;;ht  s|  p 
frcNl  liiif  of  ihf  isl.ind  luars  f.isi  lulf  south    I'..  3  •'s-'  lioin  this  am- liiii.i;;i' . 

Thf  < 'o.isi    ;ini|  tifiiilftii'    .s^iitM'N    sffiiiiilarv    a^troiioiiiii'al  st.itii>ii  iKii'i    «a.s   .ii    i 
.\lifhoia;.'i'.  on  thf  i^iassv  risf  pist  iiisidf  tif  thf  hiyli  waltr  lim.  ami  Imii-  smuii  fmiilfii 
hill   dt  jifi'M-ast  ,S.  Ill     i;.;  fioiii  tlif  iiorlii    point  of  thf  iiK'k\  isU'l  iHloif  iiii  iitioiii'.l. 

J.'I.l|l|lir,|l    pnsltlull    Is: 

'•''•'l"'l<- . -,      Xt       0\       .|.V       iMillli 

I,tiin;itiiilf ..  .:......    II"       .ift      *>       VI. -t 

Or.  Ill  liiiic 7k    M'K   •.•!•  :i 

1  111-  hijhfst   pill  III  .if  thf    IsI.iimI  Is  iilllftft  ii  hlilidit  d  .ilnl  si\i  \   fmn  fi  f  t  al'ov  f  llif  s, 
Ki'i>::iaphii  .il  posiHi,:,  j,; 


l.aliliiili- 

l.iiiii:!tiitli' 


;i-,*        .■'.'       '.'.     full  Hi 
II"       V7      "7     W..I 


S.in  lit  iiifiiif  IsLiml  vv.is  dis.  iiM  III!  ii\  r.iliiillo  mi  ihf  tiih  i,f  < »,  |,,|,i  i .  I ;,  |  .',  ,iii,|.  » 

Alth  .S.iiif.i  Cilaliii,,    trolii  Ihf    lo.isl,  w.|«  i|,  SI  iilinl    ,|s  Ihf  sill. lilfi    isi.iii.l.  .111,1  ii.iiiii  d    I    1 

aftfi  Ihf  '.iiiiilfi  ol  |i|i«  \f...sfl.s. 

'I  Ills    Island  |s  ,|is(j|„.(|v    Msililf    ill   flf.ii    Uf.ilh.i    fimii     |'..iiit    | ,,1    i,i-hl  limisf 

;.'laphii  ,il  siin..\  of  Ihf  isI.iimI  h.is  liffii  Ml  llif  lis  Ihf  1.  S.  Co.isi  ,111,1  (mimIiIii    ,>-;iil\f\.  ,1 
jiiaphif  .skill  hfs  til    Tvi  imnl  or  ,S|iiiijrj.|t.|',,  Com-  uiitl  Cli'iiii'iilc  Aiiiliora^f  li.i\f    ln-fii    | 


I'l'  (jil;n  l"l  <  .  ' 
il     |!!st  ,ll    IIm 

ml .  ;i ml  Kiir  : 
(!|i  llir  "Iclilli 
\   mirtli\Vf-i 

1,41  !  Ill   till-  1  ■  • 

mint   "it   11 

i;ii   tlii'  III  .irrv; 

;iln  lii'i  -s^i',  ' 
Mill   ol    III  .ll'l> 
|l   llu-  jjllji  II 
;^i||lll|l»   III     li  ■ 

■  t  ii.i.>t  >tn  V''     ! 
IM'Iltt'    l.'.t:iml. 

•  Mllllll,  I'llt    .11' 

■  IS   imn|  mil   I 
mil,  ami  llic  .c 
U  alnlml   i  \vii 
(.Ml  till'  I"  ;i.' 

ills    linnliU  il 
icsl     |niilll    II!    ■ 

i\ c,  .iml  tilii '  .1 

In  t  U(  111   till     ' 
>     A    ^iiiiil     lliil  ■ 
liul  til   DIUllliM 
lUlllirastw  :,lil  ! 
I  lull'  all    ii" 

WIl  lltut  IS  \rl  'v    . 

1 1ll    llllllllll   "I   ' 

lllll    III    I  111-   II  !.•• 

•  ^  aiil--  iM  I  \'i 
tlic  ali|Miiai  1  . 

■'  ■■  lll-lll-I   I' 

•ViJ  i    "as    a!     I 
slllllll  liiiil  '■  <  > 
lie  liii'lltliilii'il. 


01      'l.'i       iiiitlli. 
T.      *i       w.-t 

1      :\-  :i 

1  1  aim*  r  t  III'  -I 


.,     i,...ll. 
'.'".       I'"      "'  "I 

,  I .  I.'il..'.  iiml.  V 
.lllll  liaiiii'il   I  .1 


I    l,i'..;lit  liiHisi' 

IllH     Sill  \l'\  .  . 

;^i-  lia\  I'    Ih'i'Ii 


rAciiic  (i).\-.r  ni.oT.  75 

Tlir.    l.'^l..\M)    (i|     .'-AN    MCm.AS. 

or  till'  Cliaiiiit'l  l.slaml.s.  tiiis  i.s  .slii;liil\  the  laithi'.st  liiiiii  lli  '  main  lami,  ami  i.s  llic  iliirst  ami 
iiio.sl  .■^U'i'il^'.  l.iKc  San  <  li'iiiiiiti',  it  Is  ('(i!ii|iaiati\i'lv  ilaMii|i|ii'il.  witli  a  imnlcrali'  .slii|ii'  luwaiils 
tlni  iiiiitliwaiil.  It  IS  fi^'lit  liiimiii'il  ami  iiiiii't\  lirt  lii;:li.  vsitli  \('i>  ImM,  im  ri|)itiiiis  snlrs  nt' 
«Mmr.si'  s.imlstiiiii'  mi  tin*  .smitlu'iii  .iml  rasti'iii  lai'cs  ami  on  p.irl  of  the  nm  llicasti'in  Ian-. 

Its  ;;('iii'ral  iliicfliuii  is  wi'St  t  w  ii  tliinis  iimi  li  anil  ras|  i  wu  ilunls  smitli  ;  W.  v;  N.  anil  !■'..  H  S.) ; 
it.s  It'ii^^lli  is  sfvrn  ami  lliirf  i|iiartris  iiulcs,  witli  an  avi'i'a;;r  and  iifailx  iiiiirnrin  liii'ailtli  nf  l\vi> 
iilid  one  iiall'  mill's,  'iwii  fliinis  nf  I  lie  siiiraci-  ol  tin-  islami  is  citvi-rcd  willi  sand,  and  tlii'  I'tMiiaiii- 
«ler  Willi  I'liaisi-  ;^iass.  Small  |iati'lit's  nt'  sciiili  uak  air  lniind  in  a  li'w  |ilarrs,  Imt  no  I  ires  show 
on  the  island  as  inadi'  troni  scauard.  Il  can  In'  sirii  iVmii  tin'  dii'U  ot'  a  xcssil  at  a  distami' ot" 
thir!>-i'i;.'lil  milrs. 

Till'  ca.sli'in  I'lid  of  ilif  island  is  mic  and  oni'  iiiiaitcr  iiiilfs  lnoail,  liiuli  and  liold.  rxcrjit  at 
tin'  northeast  innnt.  «  hi'if  thru'  is  a  lii«  sand  spit  stri'lrhiii;:  out  oiii'lhird  ot  a  mili'.  and  aniiiml 
which  till'  en  II  ruts  i  iin  at  tnins  w  iili  ;;ii'.il  imri'.  Tin'  wrsti'iii  iminl  i>  i|niti'  iiai  lou  and  point  id, 
and  lutt  so  hi^li  as  tin-  rasinn. 

Kelp. — 'ilii-  island  Is  siiriiiiindrd  li.\  a  lii'ld  ol  l.rl|i,  rxripl  lor  two  ,ind  oiii'  third  inih's  on  its 
noriht'ast  i'.ni-.  I'ln'  liri'aillh  ot  I  lir  Ki'lji  lii  id  mi  ihr  mn  I  li  a\i  ia.:;rs  iirai  ly  a  mill' and  strctrlirs 
oiil  to  .si'M'ii  and  ihiilii'ii  lalhoms  ot  watrr.  <  Ml  tin'  wi'sIitii  fiid  ol  ihi'  island  llir  krlp  lirld  ro\  ■ 
ITS  biull\  Inol.i  11  -loiind.aml  slii'lihi-s  thiri'  iiiiirs  tothi'  wrstwaid  to  liltri'li  and  siMrin  t'atliom.s 
of  water.       I'mlcr  tllr  .>olllll  side  the  kelp  line  IS  I'luse  nmlrf  the  shore,  the  line  nf   lUi'llIV    fathoms 

Wiiij;  within  h.ilf  i  mile  ot'  the  land.     I''ii.in  one  to  two  miles  oil   the  east ei  n  point  of  ihe  island  is 
II  MC'piiiate  lii'ld  III   Ivi  Ip.  one  mile  east  ,(iid  west  liy  half  a  mile  noilh  and  south.      It  has  six  and  a 

iiaif  rutlioiiis  \\  illiiii  It.  siMcin    lal  limns  nil  the  east   end.  and  a  j: 1   eh.iiinel.  tliier  ipiartei  s  of  a 

mile  wide,  liel\M'en  till'  we.Ni  I'lid  of  the  paleh  and  the  east  point  of  the  island. 

In  the  kelp  ,11  ilie  ;:irih  slime  tlieie  is  a  notalile  ^ap  diieetly  in  front  ol'  <'mial  ll.ulior. 

The  liiilili  n  (III  mil  IS  olV  the  island  lie  in  the  kelp  olf  the  westi'in  point,  where  two  leefs,  w  illiili 
ail  ai'oa  of  one  nnle  li\  half  a  mile,  lie  urst  by  smith  h.ilf  smith  (W.I),  ,S.  A  S.)  fnll\  one  and  a  half 
inileH  distant,  i  lie\  Imm  ei;.dit  fathoms  armind  tin  m,  , and  the  kelp  field  extends  h,i|f  a  iiiile  lie- 
yoiid  them  to  toniteeii  lathoiiis.  No  daii;:eis  are  known  heyoiid  Ihe  outer  eil;;e  of  the  kelp  Held. 
Kolk'tt  ellolieoiisly  plaees  Ihesi'  reefs  two  and  a  half  miles  fimii  the  western  i>oilit  ol'  the  i-.laml. 
lie  also  lays  dnu  n  Ineakeis  im-  a  mile  and  t  liiee  ipi.irleis  liuiii  the  east  el  11  point.  1 1  is  prolialde 
that  lie  has  lieen  misled  |i\  liia\\  eiirreiit  tips  emiilni  in;;  with  the  westerly  swell:  or  it  is  possi- 
lili'  there  may  lie  some   hnldeii  dan;.'ers  in  Ihe  kelp  Held  idf  the  easlmi  end  of  the  island. 

The   /■'(;.'/   lllll  I.   Is  de^el  ilii'd  mi  pa;:e  7li. 

lljiihiiifriijihi/.  'Ihe  ^mindiiii^s  oil  the  north  and  norlln-iist  side  raii;;e  from  tifteen  t'atliom.s  at 
tilt'  kelp  to  Ihii  I  \  and  t'olly  at  two  and  tlilee  liiiles;  till  depth  towards  the  la';;;,'  Itoek  ineleasi'S 
^M'adiially  tioin  litleeii  I. illimiis.it  the  kelp  tolillv  it  ihe  ioi'k,and  im  liiokeii  ;;rmiiid  lielwiiii, 
with  hot  loin  eonsi^i  ini:  of  sand,  in  ml.  and  lirokee,  shells.  I  )lf  the  south  laee  ol  the  island  the  hot 
toil)  dro|is  snddeiils  to  mii'  hiimlred  faihmiis  in  iini>  ,iml  a  half  miles,  ami  to  three  hiindred  in  less 
than  three  miles  ;  lioiimn.  h|,.,.||  nind.     'ihe  tiiirt,\  lathmii  line  is  heie  hss  than  a  mile  trmn  I  he  sliou'. 

OlV  the  noli  liea>t  point,  w  liieh  is  low  and  s.inil\ ,  \  essels  may  aiiehor  in  ten  fat  limns  o\  ri'  hard. 
sandy  liottmn.  with  a  em  rent  iiiiinin;;  stead  il,\  to  t  he  sunt  h  ward,  wliieh  makes  landing  1 1, id,  as  the 
surf  eut.s  the  lie.ieh  at  an  aeiite  aiit;le.  Tlie  anehoia;;!'  laid  dow  n  on  the  <  'o.ist  Siii  \  ey  eliai  t  is  one 
lildo  wiiltli  ol    I  hi'  pi.;;!  I.  at  the  eijix"  of  the  kelp,  ill  si\  or  -.ev  ell  fat  limns. 

Corrnl  1 1 II  rim  I . — ( >ii  ihr  nnrth  siih'  of  ilie  iNJ.iiid.  t  liiee  and  a  ipiarter  miles  in  a  siraiuht  line 
IVoin  the  evtreme  wrstein  |ioilit.  is  a  veiy  small  Imal  hailml',  where  a  \*liale  boat  may  be  earned 
ill,  l>i!t  the  passage  is  onl>  twenty  feet  in  width,  so  nariow  that  the  n.iis  must  be  Ir.iiled  tor  a  dis 
tanw  of  I'ortv  leei  to  p;|.s  tlirmiL;li.  Inside  iliis  p.i>-.,iL:e  till'  b.isin  ixp.inds  to  si\i\  fi'i'i  in  di.im- 
eter  at  low  w  .Iter,  has  a  smooth  sand  lieaeli,  and  is  prolieled  lloiii  all  swell,  I  >ni  iiiu  the  li\  dio- 
^M'aphle  survey  of  tie  isl.mcl,  tidal  olisei  \  at  ions  were  inade  here,  .\  shea  nil;;  shed  and  sluep  eoii.il 
on  a  little  iis(.  near  ihe  slini'e  e.iii  be  sit  n  limn  I  he  mil  ^ale  and  niai  k  llir  pl.iei'.  Slrrr  lor  i  hem  iiiilil 
the  openiii;;  is  seen,  and  then  riiii  in.      There  is  a  Inid  of  alioiit  one  thmisaml  sheep  on  the  island. 

The  I ',  S.  (  iiist  and  ( ieodi't  11'  Survey  si'inmlarN  astimiomieal  .station  on  S,in  N  ieolas  Island  w  as 
on  t  hi*  Hand  \  pom  I  a  I  I  lie  iiorthea^l  part,  and  ii"  ;:eii;:i,ipliii',il  posit  imi  vt  as  di'irnniin  d  .is  follow  ^  : 
l.aliiiuli ;.;       11      II    I.  11. mil 

I.iill;(illlilii Il',l        'Jl.       I'.'  U1-.I. 

I'r.iiii ■ 7''     ,iT''     !!•    I 


t 

i 


w 


'rl 


*    ■! 


il 


M 


-,;  rAcirir  ruAsi'  rii.nr 

The  iim,i;ii.'li.'\,.u.ili.m  Im   S^iii    Nmo1;.s  is  coini.m.'.l   II  «•"•  -iist   for  .lamiarv.  is.v,, 

i-rrascs  aiiiiii;ill\   1  .1. 

Imhiii  111."  s,iii<l,\  p-'Hii  ,11  111!'  iiMiilH'.isliiii  .•\lii'iiiil\  tif  \Uv  i.siaiiil  wi>  liilNO  luMiiiigs  ;ii„l , 
laiucs  to  i>iiiiiiiiu'nl  ohii'ils  as  lullows; 

WVst  point  ..r  S,iiH-:-i...iii.'  M.m.I f*    -"        K.  <li»lant  Jl    inil-w 

I'.m.t  IVinuM  I.,«litli.mH,. N    *>       K  , 'liManI  lUi  ni,!.-, 

and  iniKsjiif;  ilii.-<'   'iiili-'  l.i  wMitli  uml  liist  nf  SiiiiLi  HarliaM  NI.iimI 

lli(;li  r-ak,  Saiila  I!aili.iia  M..1..1    N    <!        f.  .  .li-tanl 'Jl    mil.-.. 

I'.unl  lln.ii.i.i.-  I,i;;lit  li.iiiw     N      •'       W  ,  .li»lam  .V*  l.nl.H 

Mi.Ml.'.'l'Ana.apa  r.ixsaur N    '■       W  ,  .liMiint   liU  „,il.■- 
Mi.llll.■  "fi'Mlraii.  .•  I..  Sania  rrnM'liamifl ^    "      \V     .hHtant  I'.'j  niil.-« 

W.-tini  i"i"t  .'f  Sai.  M.un.  I  I-Iai.il N    ''«     \V,.Ustaiit7l     iiiil.'- 


Tlit' ^'<'i';,'raiiliiiMl  iiii-iiMHi  nt'tlic  wrsinn  |.iiiiii  ol"  tlir  l^lanll  !■<: 


I.aninili-  . 
J,<iii;;itiiili' 


.ill       ti;     :u-.     iH.rDi 
I  111      :'.l      li     «>»( 


I'lolll  tills  |iiMliI  !lu'  Wi--'^   l;iH  Iv   Ihmis  Iiollll  siMx   Idlll   (l.';;n'<',s  wrsl      N.lil      \\'.),  ilNl., 

aiiil  tlircf  (jiiartfis  mile-. 

Till' liiirlfst  imiiii  111  the  i>laiiil  i.s  I  i;:lil  humliiil  and  iniiit.\  hvi  alK)\e  the  st-a,  an. 
t;."aiiliiial  po.siii.ni  is: 


l.atiiii.l- 

1,11  i)JlU|il. . 


:t!        II       1.-.     ii,.rll. 

ll'.i     :il     ■.•:.    «.>! 


Tiiln.—  i'o\rA\  ll,irl>iir:  riif  avcrajrc  tiiiu'  of  lii;;li  watJT  allt-r  llic  nuxMi's  innitliari  p  . 
X'  ti;»  ;  ,liil  tlir  .l\i'ia;;i'  l  !.•«■  ol'  tnlf  .il>o\r  the  liicili  of  tin-  lower  low  w.itfrs  of  i-aili  il.i 
antl  iiiii'  ti'iiilis  lift.  To  ohtaiii  tlit>  liiiii'.s  ,iii<l  lii'if:lit>  ol  tlif  )ii;:li  ami  low  watt'iN,  tlisi  i  > 
tlif  'Full'  Tiililfs  for  the  raiilii'  CoaNi  tlsc  iiiin'.sainl  IumcIiI;*  for  Sail  I»if);o;  ami  tlifii  !.• 
tiiut*  of  lii;:li  vvaItT  luTi'.  ati'l  n^ht  niiniiti'.s,  ami  to  j.'i't  tlu'  linn-  of  low  watoi  a<lil  ^i^  iin 
liml  the  lui;:hl  111  lil;:h  u,it(  r.  >illitl,irl  MX  Irlitlis  ol  .1  I.M'I  ;  and  for  lo«  .\,lt«'l  Militlail  llil.  ■ 
ot   a  foot. 

The  isl.iiid  o'  ,>.iii  Nirol.is  was  \i'i\  |iiolial>l\  •Mtii  l.\   I'lirtlo   I'i''hruar\   l^,  l.'.ll,  win: 

Santa  <  l  ll/    Isl.in.l  ;o  -.  ,ilrli  l.ir  ol  In  l    islail.l>  Hl"'!  Icl  1  .  lli;;  olf  tin-  llllliT  ;;ioii). ;    li;it  111-  ,1,  : 

iianii'  til  It. 

\  i/raino  naiiiiil  It  in  ItHi'J:   lnit   In'  I. ml  it  down  Mr>  iiii'inoiislx .  ti>r  it  i>  |il,ii-id   i!.'-. 
til.'  western  side  of  Saiit.i   ll,iili,iia  Isl.iiid.  and  exeii  smaller  than  it. 

It  is  not  liM'ateil  on  tliei'.iit.i  (iein-ral  of  I7'.'l,  .iiid  it  was  not  seen  hv  V.iiiiiiii\er  in  I 

It   w.l.s   e\.ililineil    l>\    llieeail\    llir  tnidil -.    Hid.  mi  ae.  .milt   of  the    ^iU■M    nillliliel   ol      . 

found  there,  wa.s  kno'Mi  liv  tlie  name  ol  Sea  <  liter  Isl.ind,  ,uiil  its  soiitlie,isi  (loint  |.l,ieed  n 
.1.'.  17  ,  lon;.'itiiile  ll'.i  in.  It  j.s  ;»  \vr\  Miiall  sjH-ek  on  .\iitiW!*iiiiiir(i  rliait  of  17'.i>,  a.-*  it  ■ 
w  itii  .S.inta  r.alii.ii.i  l-l.iiid. 

The  Indi.ili  initiie  is  s.inj  to  \u-  (iliilaslial. 

'I'lie  llii;;!  l!"iL  is  situated  on  the  |irnlon;;,ition  of  the  iioitli  xhore  of  S.iii   Nieolas   l-l 


lies   ninth    Sl\t\   toill    ihvHCs  West     N.ili     \\ 


e\fii  and  till |iiarterN  miles  tinm  il 


western  point.       The  io.k  is  almul   l,.|t>    Let  hlj^h.  Imhl  .iiid   w.  11  defined.  ,iml  e.lll 

a  dislaiiee   often    miles.      The    si,||Mdlli;:.s   ,  l,)se   toll   ,ire    liftv    l.ilhi.iiis.   mihI    without    Midi 

any  eonneetiii;.'  .siihriiaiiiie  rnlye  \\a\\  tiie  isl.m.l.  inw.inls  wlmh  the  di 
niar 


lease  of  i|l'|illl  is 

ker  a  liottoin  of  blue  mud  .in  1  sand  to  the  kelp  hue.  w  In  re  the  depth  IS  litj.  ,-n  fi!h 


bottom  Is  ;;ravel  and  broken  shells  nm Imtel.N    aiiiiind  the  imk,  ,kml  no  exi. 

roiiinls  it.     Its  ;:io-i.ipliiiMl  p.isiii.iii  i.« 


kidpi' 


I.Hlllll.l.' 

l.(iniJiiu,|i' 


:ct     ".'I     ;i!i    Ml. nil 
ll'»       II      IT     »,«i 


Telieiikotf  errom.iii.slv  Ia\.sdowii  a  li  e  o|  roek.v  \-u\tK  It 
•  III  point  of  San  Nieolai, 


■IWWIl  Ihe   I'.eL-''   Hock  :'.,ld 


It 


iw  mimed  after  llie  Nliip  ./,.;,,(   li,,,,,.  wlmh  sirmk   upon  the  foul  ;;rounil 


lembel   ■.'(!.   ISJI.  ami  wa.s  ne.irl.X   lost.      She  lep.irled  Ihe  t.ml  I 
tloliol  II  ,■  |,„  k  relatue  to  the  ls|,i|id  t)f  .Sail  NieohlMHsh 

burn  Channel,  pulilished  li_\  the  l.  S.  Co.ist  .tmi  (;.,h|. 


.iroiin.: 


it  loin  I  ii\  eli'd   W  It  h    kelp.        I 


ow  II  on  (he  reeel  t  eliart  of  the  S.ll,'  t  hi 
lie  .Surxe> . 


iiaiv,  I- 


l)(Miinj;s 


It       lIlill'H. 

fi\^  mill  •<, 

I  'J  I  mili'X. 
I  .V.j(  inili-H. 
I  |r>^  iiii1>x 
I  t'l^  iiulfN 
t  71     inili'H. 


:!('.     north. 
I     \V.).  ilist. 


tlir  sea,  aii 


4:.     iicrlli 


s   lllcl  nil. Ill    )■  1 

s  (if  cacli  <l.i> 

ViltflS.  tit  St   I. 

1;  ami  tlu'ii  !■ 
ailil  Nix  III!  ' 
Mililiact  llm 


IS,  l.Mt,  «li 


<ii|i 


\>:il  li 


is  jilantl   ell 


V.Ul.'illV.T   III    I 

t    iiiiiulxr  <'l   "' 
l«iiiil  iil.ii't'tl  11 
1.1   I7'.t>,  xs  il  ' 


.111   Niiiilas   1-! 
i.ili  •»  liiiiii   llii 
III)  i-ai>  t  hmIn  !' 
1  uiiliiuit  mill' 
>.i-  ol  <lii>tli  i-'  ' 

IS  nil.  VII  t'utll" 


vlrliMlN  r 


Ur\V  V 


■;\      Ifti     iiiirlli. 
11       IT      "i-t 


••Hi 


K.H'k   :'.l'l    II 


1  ijititiiiil  aiiiuiH 
■nI  Willi  Ui\\<.  I 
t  .liail  <-r  iIm'S." 


[^■i'jjj.,^.4-i'Sy-v-' " 


'  ^^'^?"f->rnr-W!'» 


.■•**»  ^- 


W.byS.WliuilM. 


Sitiilii  I  klHlin*  Inland 


Z^. 


^r-^^"" 


SK.  I.\  >^.  •  S.'i'i  iiiili'ii 


1,78611.1.  'I  hi" 


tiantii  I  alBlina  Ihlaml,  .sK. 


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Smilft  I  klHliim  l«liin<l,  V,!!'.'  I'l'rt 


WicI  CidalHiH,  SS  ,  4  N  ,;i»;iMi|.M..  l.*H<lfifl 


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1,786  Iii-t.  n..' NilumiB. 

S»i  rit  (atuliM.i   IxIhikI 


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tiantii  I  alBlihtt  Ihlaiiil,  .sK   liy  K     f.l  iiiilii 


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' '-'  'jiU,'''UliiiiM''H-ii"'^H--'       -ii.-.(j.^J)in... 


s,  I  r  ■-•1}  iMiifii. 


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>-\\     ,  V\    .'.'.'l  liill'X 


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t  utaliiik  Muil.i.i,  S,,!ith  Biiir  ..f  i\,r  lir.-m  li.|.i.iwi..i,, 
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rAcnir  COAST  I'li.itr. 


IS|,\Mi    III     S  \M  A    r  \  I M.INA. 


77 


'\'\>\>  i>l.iiiil  111  -^  lilci.iil  i.ll   llii'  iii.i^t  vM^l  III   S.iii  I'liliii  I'l.iv   mill  S.iii    I'iiImi  IIiII,  ;it  .\  ili^t.iiicr 
Of  tlilirli'i'll  lillli'.o.       rill'  p:lN>;i;:r  IiiIMitII  tlir  l<l.ll|i|  ;llii|  tlii'  liMJIi  la  In  I  !>  Iiailii'il  till'  >"/(  I'nlin  i'liiiii- 

inl,  ami  li.is  alirail>  in'i'ii  iJiM-nliril.  |>.i;;i'  1 1      'i'lir  i>!iiiiil  i>  ri;^lili'iii  mill's  luii;;.  wi'st  1(\  null  li  I  liirr 
quart  ri's  iKutli  ( \\    i)\  N.  I  N.I.  « illi  an  cNtii-iin'  liii  iilili  uT  >i  \rii  imli-.  ami  an  aMiii;;i'  lurailtli  nt 
fbur  null's  ti)  III)' siiiillii'aMi'rii   pair  .iinl   t\u>  iiiili'>  In  llir  imrtli^i'.stri  n.     '."'n' li'ust   brraillii  at  tin- 
lalli IIIII ->  IS  half  .1  null';   tlir  .slmii'  liiii'  aiiMHiiits  in  imi  Irs^  than  I'liilN  -siv  tiiili>H,     Tlir  ;;i'm  ral  cli.ir 

■Cli'l  111'  1  ill-  ti»|io;;ra|ili>  nl  llir  isl.iinl  is  r\f Iiii-lv  iiiii:.'li    Mill  imiiinlaiiiiiiis.     Tlir  slmii    liiii'  almi;,' 

till' .SI  III  Ml  sliji-  III'  till-  islallil  IS  \i'|\    lii'lil  ,iml  illllinill  iif  ai'rrss,  i'Si'i'|it    lor  almlll   tiller  lliilrs.       Till' 
Boi'tli  slmi'i'  i>  aisii  \i'i\  Imlij,  Iml  li  is  sini'I.iI  I.iiii|iii:.'s  Ih'shIi'  iIh-  |iiiiH'i|ial  cuM'. 
'I'lir  tirii^l  apliiiMl  |iiiNiliiin  nl    iju'  ra^li'i  n  |iniiit  nl    ih.'  i>!  iinl  i-. 


I..1I1I111I1' 

LiMllIlll'lIf 


.i.l      1-     :iii    11..1II1. 
II-      I-     :;n     ^(,.si 


Mill   lirars  sniilli  Idiiiti'i'ii  ilr^jiri'.s  I'il.sl  ^ri.  11     ll.),  ili.slaiit   I  Wfiity  Imii    links,  tinin    I'miit    i'lTiniii 
Li;,'lit  linii.sr. 

'I'lif  \M'sii'iii  |iiiint  is  ill  ■ 


l,.ititii<li' 
I.Mia'ihi.! 


II- 


III      linrlll. 
■.'■.      wr,t. 


Hl.il  lii'ais  siiiiili  ilmi>  fiiiii  .li'.;ii-i>  wrsi  .-s.  ;i  \\ .  ,  iii>iaiil  IaihIv  ami  iwniliinls  unit's  Irnm 
Pdiiil  I'i'iiiiiii   l.i;;lit  liiiiisi'. 

Till'  lii^^lii'-'l  pi'.iU  nl  I  III'  i-l  mil  i:-!'^  In  111  ilr\  .iiinii  n|  |  w  n  iliiiii>ami  mil'  liiiinlicil  ami  tin  trit 
aiiil  ,is  a  I. Hull. ill  il  IS  \isil>lr   It  ilii'  'li<.i.im-i   nl  \\U\  mill's. 

'I'liwaiils  1  hi'  w  I  sii'iii  I'liii,  I  III'  Islam  I  i-^  1 1'lii.ii  kalilr  I'nr  I  lir  ;.'iial  t  r.insvi'i  >i'  liii'ak  nr  ili'|iii's>inii 

nillllMj.;  llllln-t  llilnlli.'|l  i|.  ami  rnlllillli;  ,111  .IIM'linl.mi'  nl'  l'n\  l>  at  I'.li'll  s|i|i'.  'I'lli-.  Ilntallll-  Icllllli' 
Ol'tllr  l>l.lllil  III', lis  -nlltll  ^I'M'llll'i'll  all'!  nlif  li.ilr  il,_;|,.|.;  \v,.>I  S.  IT'  W.ltlnlll  I'nilll  ri'lllllll 
Li;;lil  linilsr.  ,iliil  isilislailt  nilli'tri'll  llilli~  I  lirl  i-tl  niii.  Wlii'li  inliil|i;,»- iillt  nl'  ."s  in  I'l'ilin  I'.av,  llii' 
low  i^llllllll^  rnlllirrtlllL:  tlir  Ivvn  |i.lltv  nl  lllr  l-.l.ll|i|  r.mmil  lir  mth  rVrli  iVnill  llir  II  MIT  ir.l  Hi'  ilrrk 
of  till'  slraiiiii  s.  -n  that  lln-  isl.iiul  .ipiifai^  is  t  w  n  luilil  ihr  lll^|jli  ,  .ill--  n\iMl,i|i  uhrli  ^I'l'ii  llnm 
'»lHi'.l>l    I'nini    \  imi'lllr, 

Till'  III -III  --t    pi'.lU    nil   I  111'   p.U  t  III'    I  III'   l>l.iml    Ui'st  W.H'I   nl     I  h.-.    ili'pll"-siiill    i  s  nlli'  t  linllN.nii  I    >rM'M 

hllllill'  il  ami   ihi;  I  \    IitI   .llin\  c  I  lu'  Sr.i.        I  lir  li.in  nw    >lripnrin\\    I.iImI    mill I  i  lli;  t  lln  t  wn  p.ill  s  i  it 

till'  l>I.iml   l>  in.  .ills    kiinw  II  a^  I  III'  ••  l-.lliMill--  :  "    ll   !■>  niil\   almiit   I  lill  I  \    Ihl  ri-  Irrt    almsn  tlii-  ^ra.  ,11  ill 

Wii.s   iiiaikfil   li>  .1    I.ll  ur,  u  lull'   liiiili|iii„',  ini  mil  i\   ilm    I'lniiil  .'■ii.iii'v   liinarKs.     Tin' hilN   il^i'iip 

•Iiai  pl>  nil  I'arli  sail  nl  ll  hmt  nlir  lhnil-..nii|  lirt.  ainl  nliill  llli'  Isl.ll  ll  IS  si;:li|i'i|  1111111  llir  li.illli 
OFMiiilh  I  111'  u  llnli'.  ,!•-  Inlnir  >t.ilii|,  appiMis  li  Ivi-  I  w  n  \  il  \  1|Il;1i  i-lainl-.  Till'  \  li'W  .s  rxllllil  I  this 
b»'aiinliill\  ,  .iiiil  .IH'  hi^hls  I'h.u  .n  Iil  l-.lir.  \\  hill  .1  \  t-mI  is  .ilii  imn|  I'miil  I  Ini'lirmi'  l.lL;ht  linll>i', 
till'  l-l.iml  nt'  <    .it.llllia  Is  siMli  a--  .1   MIN    Inu    s.uliUr  mi  Ilm  lini  l/nll  .ll   a  illslaiirr  nl'  n\i'|    (illy   Illlli'S. 

riic  -.linii-^  nf  till'  islainl  ail'  inil,\  .iiiil  |iii'ii|iiinii>.  ()ii  till' sniiiliii  11  snli'  tlii'V  ail'  t'l'ai  liill> 
aliriipl ,  ami  nil  I  111'  Iinl  IhiTii  .>ii|i'|hi'  hL;h  i  hlls  .ni'  i  m  li\  ihrp  .iiiii\n>aiiil  111.11  l»rii  li\  --I'Ni'i.il 
JHlll'lll.illlilis.       |)rip    ami   plirlpllnlls  M,|!ihi's  ai  I'  |n|  Mil  ll  li\    llii'  I  ii|;^i'S  nl    liirU   I'lllllllli;;  il  l.lunn.lljy 

UMiiss  till'   islainl    l:nni    iiniihi.isi    In  sniii  liui-sl,  aiiil  m'l  asMii  ill\  a   small  valh'.N  \  arirs  ilir  sitiii'. 

Alllr.lsl  nl  I  hi'^f  \  .ll|i'\  s  ailil  1  mlill  I  .ll  lnli>  nl  I  hi'  .>lli  il  i-  1  ;ni'  small  rn.lsl  IIIl;  \  i's>i'ls  Jlirlinr  tn  ilis- 
Oll.lli;>' ami  ii'iiiM'  rii'i;,'lit. 

Ihl'li  •'(iiiiliin/  III  Ciilillliiil  hi'titit.  -  Ihl'  tuilily  lllllntn  I'llMn  l-.  nlil\  nm  lil'lll  111  a  Illllr  nil 
BIiiiH',  ,illlinii-|i  siimi'U  li.il  ii  lr..;ill.il ,  appl  n.irhlii,'  nM'li  In  uilliiii  lillv  \aril^  at  llin  llnlllirrii  salr 
of  W  I'^t  I'nilll.  anil  niV  si'Vi-i.il  i.r  ihl'  sill.  1  111' I  p.  nils,  iiniali|\  ihr  i'.i-.|i'ni  imiiil  n^  iNihiiia-.  <  'n\  !■. 
Till'  lill>  fa!  Iiniii  rill  \  1'  i>  .ilmiil  hall  a  mih'  tlnin  1  hr  sjmi  r,  Iml  .ipprn.irJH'-.  In  w  11  hill  niif  lill  h  nl'  .1 
mill'  .11  III.'  i'.i-.lilll  pniiil  nl  I'-l  hmiis  I 'n\  r,  .iiiil  .il  ihrpnMil  I  hi  rr  llllirs  llnl  I  hi. I--I  w  .11  il  nlW  1  -I 
I'nilll:  lillt  Milliln-.islw.llll  nl'  \\  i'-.l  I'nilll  ll  •-!  n-ti'hl---  nil  In  Inlll  IlltllSlir  a  llllll'.  Ill  I'l '1 -1  '  11 ;.' 
Olilll-  till-  |i.lll  nl  lln-  isl.iliil  ll  1.  Ui'll  In  ki'i'p  iiillsi.h'  thr  llllv  1.1 1  hniin'il  |  \  r.  Oil  ihi'  ^nlllhi'lll 
fai'f  nl  Ihl-  i-.|,lliil  lln  lil'tV  t.lllliilil  illlAi'  Lllui^  liniii  t  \\  11  lliinls  III'  a  mill'  In  I  Wn  null's  iilV  slliili'. 
Tin*  niir  liiimlli'il  t.llhnin  i'lll'\'i'  is  l;i1ii'I'.iI1\  .ilmill  iilii'  In  nlli'  lllil  .1  half  mill's  nil'  sllill'i'  I'ast  anil 
Wl'st   lit    lln'rnvi-;    .null  hrlii-i-  .11  nil  ml   llir  isj.iml  ll    \  .irirs  In  I  IniT  mill's  nil    shnin. 

(  >iil>ii|i'  I  his  I'lii'M-  I  lie  Iml  I  mil  IS  mnsi  |\    mi'i-ii    11  iml.  111  rasiniiall.V    111  IN  I'll  w  Itil  sailil,  ;;r.ni'l.  I  If 

rtii'lls.  I'M'i'pi  nil  llic  nniilii'asii'in   l.n-i'  ul   llm  isl.iml ai  \N  I'.si    INiinl.  wlnri'  it   is  sainl,  or  sainl 


t 


\\\ 


vi(| 


Hi 


MMMHI«HUtl»ll(|WM 


7S 


i'Ai  111'     r.i\-c    lil.itr. 


"'ir 


t      i 


n 

I  ; 

;  i 


r-'    i    « 


U 


X 


;„„1  IMM.l.       ;u^,.l.■    li.r     .'Ur  liMll.l...!  T.l    Imlh   il'l.-    ill.'   Ih.lt..  H  IN  \rl>    X.Mi.ll.l.'.   Lilt    in.uillx    I,, 

>aiiii,  bitiLi-ii  nIiiIU,  iimi  ui.i^.l. 

I  „,/■„.,, i;;rv, I. -M,./rA,    /W.UI./. —/..;,,) •,  /.■.|.../.._nil   ;l..'lM.|Iiir..xf    |.„r  i.lllir  |sl  ,,,,1.  ,. 

,1ImI  a  li:llf  Miili'%  ti.illl  Ihf  r,l>!«'lll  .■\U.'llill>.  {li'iv  H  .»  .Hllial!  .-.Uf  till. hi  Ihr  liluli  liilN.  iii.u 
Iu.,Mi.;,il  iMl    I.-.-I.S  lliiil*  .111.1   !.'ll.\   l.'l  h'^it-  l.vHi;;  .'losf   III.      I'liili-    I-    ;; 1    .iii.lu.i  .i... 

,~.lll'  111  -unllfM-t  \MMl!l.'l  I"!  lU'-  \«-.M-i-  ..t  t«.'!lt\  Ml-  Illl!!.\  t..llN.  Imiij;  .!..>.<•  nil. Ill  llic- 
i;i   l-l-ilt     I  l!ll..ll|s  ,.|     ".lltT     l.V.-r     Mil.'     <.lll.l.         Ill.'lcl-.     .^.....1    l.Unilll!.'l.Il    .1    |'.l.!.!\    1m  .1.  h  ;     II, 

laii.lin;:  .DC  a  liiiii>i' .111.1  ...iMK.  .iU.>  .1  ".■■I  1.1  ,;.«i.|  rt.it.i.     Tlii^  i>  kiii.w  a  .i^  .I..Iiiim.ii\  1; 

J,.,  ;,„,vij. . \V!,::i\i,'^   /,(,.('■•.'    II  I  III'  -.nil.'  -'•'If  "I    111'"    l-l.lliil.  .III"!  liiKT  .iliil  .1    li.i, 

I.  III.'    ll.'ltllW.  xl".!!.!  "I     ll"'  r,    l>  .lti..U.  I.    I'llt     -Ill.tlU'l    ..III',    known   .IS    Willi. -ll".' 

Ill;i.  wli.'li'  M  -M'is  .iliili'.r  III  (i-UI   i.iiii.'Ml-'. 

I',,t  r,i.' .(/ i.|.ciis  ..!■.  111!' iitirlii   ^li..i.  al>."ii  i.Mii    null's  I'a-l  ..I  i!..-  i-tlnnii--.     Iliii    li,,    1 
in.i.ii'  .  uilii-uw.iii'  ami  .'"III  .iiii.lii-    iiii'iaic^  . 

.l/i./i..).';/. «  — r.iiw.'t'ii  llif  isiliisuis  ami  ill.'  iMirlliwi  -tvrii  rMniiilN  .'I  III.  i^l.in.l  ,:. 
•■.liuiit  iiMl.'i.i.iii..n' .tl..".t  1  ii.!l"  i|.  iM  I'll.'.-,  iil.tnl  |iriii.'<  "..Mi.tml  .iiii'liiir.ii;.' Ill -.iiiiln',i>i  .\ , 
.iinl  ai.'  kli..«!i  ..s  /•■  '  '    ''•"""'"'"'*••""'   1' '/»"""*  /."'"/'"./v 

itiutliifi  Uiii'"<>        'i    ■    ...1.   ■■■..■;.■■   .   .11  llir  >.>iillii'Ili  si.lf  111    111.'  ^i.   il  <1«|.|.  S-I..II,  li' . 
;ii>Mi  ll't'  lii.i  Mjivol  f.'i.l  ."I    till'  i-v^ili.l.  1^  li..(li\   .lar  III  !i'  IK  li'Ii;'!li.  .ili.l  .'nl>   .'l..    Iliml  i.|     i 
xM.lr  li,     li-   i;i|ii  .;i   iits  air  ImM.  .ill.  I,  ••..  I.n  as  kin.wii.  (n  .■  Iimhi  lii.liiiii  ilaii;;ii  -.      I ..  lii  .1  i 
i'..iiiiTi^  li.'iii  il,.    (wsi\\  ,11.1.  run  .li.iii;^  111!'  Ml. nil  -i.li  nl   ilu'  isl.r.i.l  ami  m  iki-  lln'  .1.  |.ii-';i, 
tin' 1.11;:.'  »  liitv  l>liiitlili'_     l-<r.>    1.1!  tilt'  l^Mitiin-"  sliott  ,n^'  pist  as  it  i>  mi.1.|i'IiI>  ii|.i-ii..|  l.\   lln 
wi>I  111'. nl,  .111.1  I'l'.imi^  ti..i!li   l-\  I  .I'.I    l..iil~t,isi     N    !.)   r.  .+  K    ..iiiil  till' small  in.iw.' mi  tii.   . 
till'  li>\\  s.iial  f|.;t.  iit'ai  till' hia.!  Ill   tin- liarl'cr.  )ii.-i   I'i'fii  to  tin- t-.i-i  w.iul.     'I'lni.'   ii.'  in  .i 
..il   III.' .siiiiilnvi'si  Ik  , 111.  .111.1  It  I  .i!i  1.1'  |iiis.«t'it  choc  .ili.'.tnl.      rin-  two  lull-.  .>n  I  he  i'\!  t.  n.  • 
lii'.ni  .111'  r.'iii  luimli.'"!  .III. I  .'ii,!i'>  .in.l  '•i\  liiimlii'il  Uv'.  .iln.vi'  Iln'  .si.i  «iih  \i'i.\  |in<'i|ii:i' 
.\tlrr  |..ISM||;;  il.  sl.ilitl  lil  l..i   !li.      !■■  ^.li;;,  k.'.').i'm  a  liUli'  In  tlif  p.. It  (it  llinl  cli.ininl  nut   I 
.>!  a  null' iii>nli   till' la'.iils,  \* '•  niic!  i  i.iilr.ictn.;."  i.i|'i'll>  liiti  «'.iri>  in;:  h  ii  I.il  h..'i.   . 

■ 'ti  r  r.i'lli.lii  !mi.  liialkt'ii  Hi  ['  .;.  .  -  ' ',\  ki  I)..  \  «lli,lil  link.  .ll>i>\  i'  «  .lli'l ,  rl..-..-  ili^i.j.'  lii.'. 
In.nl,   lia-.   .Ii'i-p    Walt'l'   ali    iii"i:iii|  ■'.        Il    t-  .  .ill.  .1    I'in    U'xl-      Th.-lu.'    kfi'|i   in  iiii.l-i  h.in  i  ■ 

alui-.i-l  ">l   till'  l'.!.;:  \o\\  piiiiii  1 1 i  .i  hi  ml  hav  .ii;;  ili.  smiH  Iioiim'  .m  it  mintiin..  .i 

.iial  .nil  liiij'  Ml  ii.'ir  i.r  li\ .'  f,i;'  ,  -  n  h..ii(»m.  I  h.  ir  i'«  a  .ii'|i!li  of  iliifi'  l.iiliinns  a  ~li 
taiifi-  111!  111.  I  111  tli.Hi  I  la-  l.i«  |"..''.i .  "  .:  Il  h.iiil  li..;f..!i..  I>ii!  l!n  ir  i..  iiiil  i.  II  111  I  I'll.  Ill  ^h  im  .1  ^ . 
>ui,i;;.  It  tin'  '.X  .i|i|  I'lilsnlc  i>  UIun'.  ii.^  'i.iiit  tliv  Itnl  llini  st.  vi'sscis  vutl  I...-..'  il  .il  Ih.  hi-.n 
|i'iiia|i-<  I. 'Miiic  ti.  !i.   ii'V  .'il  III  hv  ;.<iiis.     'I'lii-  ti'M'iiiii'  I'litli'i'  ii'|iniis  aiiihiinn.4  III  till. .' ' 

r.lllaliis  .i|    \^  lt"l  .  .ili.i   till  11  MIMCII^-.    1  .Mil    l.i  >h.iH-  1."  pri'W  lit   sH  111;;!!!;.;  1 1  III  1 1. 1   I  hi'  .in.-linl 
fa  ('..imiu  li.'ii'  II"'  r.t-l.<.iul   iial  -"iiifi  w  .ml  tin-  ilt'|iii'ssi..n   ih  nul  -o  ^iiiM.'iil\  ..|.i'ii.'.l 

Istl  mis  '...,. —  rill.  In  tlif  aiirh.il,i;i» lln-  m>l  III  -nli'  <.l    t  li.'  istliiau^  .il   I  lir  m  ••  it  il.'i't 

III'  Salil.i  J'.tt.ilili.t  l-;.i'..l.      1 1  Talis  I.,.,  k  .il.t.iii  llin-.-  i|i|  titiis  i.|   ,i   mih    (i..iii  i  lie  h.-h,  |.,|  ,1  i. 
1.1   tin-  n.'lMu'iii  »hi.n'.  .111.1  :ii  .1  il.ii'i  I  lint     l    i-mv  miles  from  tin    li.irlliwi -In  n  .  n.i  nl    tin 
Il  I-  i.-.i'li!\  iii.i.lc  III  ^'iiiHJ  V  calln'i  l>>  iiiniiinj;  ..hiii;;  lln-  mulli  >li.in'  iiniil  tin    ^ir  ii  .Irpi. 
..p.'ii'  .1. 

Till'  .i|ipr...n'ln  s  ,,1',.  ln-h  .unl  l».i!,!  ..u  (iih.  r  •i-lf,  Init  l« ..  .,iitl\  m;;  imk- m'  iii.mI.i.i'. 
ami  I  .'...  siii)l>.  11  I'M  k-.  li.'  al  till    i'IiIi.Uh'c  ami  iii-aj.'   thr  hcnl-.      it    i- iliti'i'lh  ..p.-n  tn  ih, 
ami  iiii'  I' i-;.'iii  .ii..l  vm  stnii  (.i'mI-  .nr  .i  mil.-  ap.irl.      Iln-  .vlsIi-ih   I.,  a, I  i-  ,i  ii.l^.'  -hap.  ,| 
hilmlr.'.l    tn.l  ,i-iii',  ;:v,.   f.  ■•;    |,i-h.   >Mlh  .»  '.i.l-lh'  i.t   'inict.\    I.  .  l  ..n  ih,- ,,i,iithi'aM.      I  In-  h. 
pt'.ii-  i..iiml  li.nii  ..'it.iiii  i!ii«..'li..ii-..      |  hi-  ,\.'.tii  i.     '.-.nl    i,  t  i|.  imtcr  mn-  <.|   tin-  .1.11   (nm  : 
..r  lliii'.'  yii  .It  p.ii  ilh  I  ml'.',  s  Imii-  .,i,i  )i.>iih.'.i-i     ilNi:     ami  ui--t  -.niitliwr.*!    W  '-IW  .   .iml  ■ 
on  Ih'i'i'.i'.       111.    .'.i-l   aa.l   '.Usl^ln.   i-s  c.nMi -,.  i,,w  ,„',| ,  |1„.  j,,.,,,.),  ,,,   th.-M.iilli  -h..ii-..|    tl 
Tills  1-  ,1  'i.iiii.w  liiM   >4  itt'i  Im.i.'Ii.  i.m'  tliinl  i.f  .1  mil,,  luii:;  i-.i-i  .,ii.l  .»i'«i.  i,  ■!...    n-  tin'  -|i, 
riir  I  a-li',  Il  -111, II'  liiii'  !«.  iinli'iiii  il  With  ,rs|.|,ill,.ri'..\c  f.ilh  i|  j  i^in-i  ui.ui'^  11  u  '  .il 
Tin'  l'.||.>v  iii_' .111'  '  .,'  (Ill /,,.  .iiiil  itiiii'iiiit  lu'.ii   1st  hm.is  <  II.  I- 

/.•/»■-/    A"  /..llll.'.'lpl.lltl'lsi.t     .1     mil.     I'll     ill.'     h.'.lU.  r,|v,t>M\    |.,t     liii;ll.»||llW-     hkl'.l    I',. I. 

Ma.'k  tiiiin  I'.H'  ilMiiml  .iml  hrs  m.iili  .i  .pi  iin-i  -.s.'-t  ,N  \  U.,  ,„,.  ,iii,|  .m,.  ,.,^lith  iiiil.  s  ii 
amh.iia.'.'.  il  k  ,,I.,miI  l,rt>  ^aMl..  in  .  Nt.nt.  I'lnu.  i,  ih  ,  |.  «.,:,.,  ,  I.mi'  Id  i!  ..ii  ih.'  m.; 
w.'st.hiit  i\M>p..t,'ln's,  r  tuiil  ;;ti.aml  Willi  i.iil.v  ti.iiri.'.ii  ami  III,  |,  .-I  -.1  wali'i  lir.  i.  sp.itn  . 
hamlii'il  s.inl- .lisi.ini  nil  ti,,.  ,.;,,t  i.i.tih.  a.-t  ami  M.iitli  Kniilh.-ast  nnh  s  ,,C  ||,.'  imk.  Ii.. 
Whit.    l:...  I,  |,.,,,<  s,,„i|„.ast  h\  MHitl.    >l     I"    >,,i|, slant  tht.'.  .Miarli'is  i,|  a  inih'. 


out 

(N 
lit  I 

ail.  I 
tuai 

to  II 

HII.  I 

dill, 

Rttfl 
llgh 

IM'IM 

aiit'h 
mini 

or  "I 

'.HMI 

yai.i 


rAciric  cuAsi'  I'u.nr. 


T'.l 


Wh'ii,    /I'dc/,.  ii||(    lillliillril    iimI    -,\'\     \;iliN  III  (  Nli'lil    ihil    I  Wility  Mint'   Ifcl    lil;,'li,  cm  crril  with 

.;  Haii'l    Mill  ;^i 'i^^.  '"'^  ""''"'"■■'■''''''"   I''"  '    '"    'I"'    i'"\i'.iii'i    |ii>I   mil  >iilr    llii'iiiMiU.      I'ldiii  I  111' fast 

'lit'Mciii    Ipcii-.  \M'  1  I  W.I,  ili>i,iiii    li.ii''  a    null',   ,iii<l    Ipiiii    i  lir  \M>iri  n    IhmiI    im^i  I  wo  I  liinU  hoi  tli 

'  (K.  ■■;  N.  .  <li->i.iiii  I  liii't' n"'" ''■'■'"'•'  "ii'''-      I'    '^   'i^''   liiii'ilii'il   NariJN  lilt   till'  ncaioi    .--jiiiii' In  llic 

Mlllllli  .1>I    .11  111    .1 1  Ml' I --I    III 'I. Ill   iilf    I'l^ilil  1IMII-.   (  'm\  r,   W  llli'li    liiMI  ^   -.11111  h   -.11111  III, i>|    (.SSl:.)  (ijll'-tllilil  (iC 
■  11  Iliilr  llMlli   ll .       I'lUMi   I  ill'  ImmiIi  ,1      1 1,1-  liiMil    111    I  III'    iii\  r    It    lir.il^  imi  I  lic.i  -.1    li\    liul  I  li  (  N  I!.  I  IS    N.), 

di>i.iiil  tiiii'i  i|ii.iitri.>  111  .1  null'.  i  111-  iiiiilli,  1 .1-1. , III!  Miiii  lir,i-i  -iili>  111  Ijii-  luck  have  mts  (ii'c|i 
water  1  !iiM'   .iliiii':-.lili'.  iiiil    rniiinl    lluiiillic   imi  I  ii"  r-t.  Ii\    \\i'-l   In    mhiI  lic,i>l,  |  line  i--  I'mil   ;iiiiiiiiil 

fii 1,11'  liiiiiihi'il  111  iiiir  limiiiiril  ami  -.cm  iiI\   \.imN  il:.la:il.  \villi  •-iiini'  l>rl|i.      ()iii'  .-.i\  Iccl   |ialiii 

lie-,  niic  lailiiliiil  variU  --iiilliii'a^l   ,  SI!,    ni    I  In-  --.iii!  he  i--l  pai  I  ul    liic  im  k. 

,'liiilhtr  l,'>>i'   lies  ilii'ci'  liiiiiilri'il  \,iiiU  111 1  iill    I'lNJiii  man-  Cum-  ami  ilin  ril\  uii  ilic  line  lie- 

twi'i-  I  Willie  lull  n  .mil  I  he  aiieiinl  ,ii;e.  It  l-  .in  ll  1 1  .:  ill.il  1  s  eill  \  eil  l  eel'  inie  hilliill  ei|  \  alils  lilnail 
niiil  I'liir  liiimlieil  >  il'l--  Inirj  uilliiii  llie  Ihn-e  lathnai  line.  >Aith  the  eiiiveil  -ule  luwaiils  \\  lute 
Ji'in-^.  Irrcjiul  II  pall  he-  of  Ui  l|i  iiiai  U  ll  -  h  .-u  U'l  |i  u  !  -.  iilll  -.iile  lit  u  lihh  I-  iji  ep  \\  .itej-  fl  mil  tell 
t"l**en'.\  rallinliis.  lull  llieeinl  liiu.ml-.  ihe  ■■.  i -t  aiel  iiiiltlmi-l  i-iin'  niaiLiil  li\  Kelp  .mil  lias 
ten  latlimii--  cii  M"  III  :  hi  I  111  ee  lal  hiilli  line.  i  lie  i  \I  l  elne  w  i  -lel  n  pulll!  Ill  -  e.i-l  li\  -I  III  I  h  )■].  li\  S.^, 
tllslaill  hair  .1  tlllle  llnlll  the  nlllel  We-hlli  piiilM  nl  the  eoM'  .iIhI  >i  HI  I  ii  V,  e.-|  ,.S\\  .  ^|\  h  1 1  llil  I'd  I 
yaiiN  riiilll   till-  w  e-tern   pninl    il     \\  Irle    i.'iiih.       lis  liili'_;i  I   ,1  \l>  lie-,  Ue>t    li\  >iiilt  h  a  ml  ea-t   li\   m  i|  t  ll 

(W     lis  S.  ami  1,.  Ii\    N.  .      ll  :-  lepmlei!  ;l   it  iln-  leel   line-  iiui  'iie.iK, 

/I'l'i/,  (linish.  —  Ill  I  he  I  a- 1  CI  11  |i.irt  nt  the  1 1  ,u  'ml  li'eii  alms  e  r  •  I  ilieil  lie-  a  I  ml.  a\Ml-h  Ilea  fill;:' 
giililii  li\  Wi'..!  iS.  1)'.  W  .  i|i-.laiil  Imii  hlililieil  .ilni  e,;iit\  \,iiil-  I'liHii  the  ue.-I  eliil  ul'  White 
Jim  !..  il  nia,\  lie  11  III -nil  I  I'll  as  p.irl  111  I  lie  lui  imr  1 1  i  l.  ,ilt  hini'^ll  tllile  i-  a  ileptli  ul  thiei-  ami  a 
billt  l.it!|i'!ii-  |i|>t  Ue-I  111  It.  Kilt  111  Ihe  -ullth  li\  i  .l-l  S.  Ii\  I!,  fl.ilii  Ihl-  iLlluer  -tietelles  .1 
Ulcal  pati'il.  iilH'  liumileil  _\.l|ils  111  e\feiit.  uim  h  h.l-  ,l-  little  ,l-  el-iil  leet  nl  W.ili  i'  llpnli  il. 
Aliiiimi  thiN  sIhmI  aie  irii  ;:lll.ll  p.Uelies  nT  help. 
7^  I'he    W  f  \ti  III   Sllllli  II     It'll'  \~-    I  hi    n.lliie  l;!\  ell   til    .1  -Ini.il    I.\  III:;  halt   .1     mile     "  e-l   ul    t  he   Ue-lel  ll 

Ileal  1  111  the  iiai  lull.  'I'll  -  il,m;.;el  h.l^iinl.\  ivMilielnl  Walel  n  pu'i  ll  -  el  iiU  n.  «  h  nil  I-  \  el  \  limiliil 
ill  iMilil  :  lull  I  liel  e  .lie  I  \M  i  patelies  nt  tell  .llnl  Ini  III  cell  leel  \M'-I  .Hill  miIIIIi  U  e-l  nt  t  lie  >hiiale>| 
BJinl.  ill-I.inl  nlie  hlliiijliii  .ilai  tills  alei  I'>mi  hlllailiil  \  Uil-.  I>eplli.-  nl  li  \  e.  I  eli,  a  ml  IWi'Ue 
f>llhnlll>  ail'  lull  111  I  .11  111  1 1 11 1  tlnse  (l.lll;:e|s,  ami  m-I  .\  ili  ep  w  alel .  I  ill  I  II  leL;ill.il  hnt  Inlii,  hel  u  i  i  11  I  he  111 
aiiil  I  he  linlil  shme  live  il  illlill  eii  illlii  I  Weill  \  tu  e  \  a  !  i|-  I  n  I  ill'  siill  I  ll.  I'lie  -lin  i  !>-l  pnl  111  nl  I  nek 
-  Ill's  ll'il  I  ll  el^^llt  \  mil  ill';.lees  Ue-t  ■N.->l  W  n||e,l|ii|.|  ipi.lliel  III  I  le  -  11  nlll  While  L'liek;  ,-nlllh 
»i\l>  liilll  iie.;H't  >  W  e-l  S.  Ill  \\  .  el.;lit  lillil  l|-  111  .1  mile  limii  I'lllil  Km  k  ;  aililllnllh  tills  .  i\ 
df;;|eei>  SSf.Sl  |.N.."lti  \\  |nin  lUhlh-nl  a  mile  tiiilll  the  v.i'nIiIII  he  111  nl  iheenSe.  'I'llC  leel  1-. 
gl'lleialls  SVeli  lli.ilki'li  li.S  a  p  Iti  ll  III  kelp  nil  I  lie  -nllllie.i-l  .>iile,  lillt  ri-llelllleli  lepnlt  that  tlll^  is 
toniass.is  111  lie. IS  S  ss  e.il  hel .  ,ill  linil.h  it  lieSel  !i|  e.l  l>-  ll|inli  t  he  I  nek.  'I'n  Se-.-el-  limn  thessi-t 
Waiil  It  ll  a  S  el  S  ilali  Ul  li'a>  >piit  liee.iil-e  I  lies  .lie  apl  In  keep  eln-i  llliilel  I  lie  -linre  ss  hell  appin.leh 
int;   the  I'llS  r.   e-pl'i'l, ills     1 1     I  he    SS  e.i  I  hel    I-.   Ill'.l  S  y  nl     tlllik    llnm    1  lie   -nil  I  i  l  \S  .11  1 1 . 

I'he  .V.  r.  „  l',,t  /I'lii  Aw.  iill  the  \M-ti'lli  lie.nl  nt  the  harlim .  an-  -liii|i.  i-n'alei|  pe.ik-  aii-lii^' 
OHf  nl  .!..'p  ».ilel.  Ihe  lil-l  line  lie-  mils  niie  liillii||ii|  s  a  1 1 1 -.  linilh  I\SilllS-^l\  ile-lees  i.i-l 
(M.  ■-'••  \..  llnm  the  c\tU'llilt_S  III  the  pnii't  .llhl  aillin.il  nil  ihe  lilie  In  I'.llil  Inuk.  ssith  ileep  SS.iti  i 
b*'I  »Sii  n  I  hi  -  ilaii:;i  I  .iliil  I  he  ~|nii  e  .  I  here  \s  .l-  Im  kelp  Ilia  I  kill.;  ll.  Ihe  -ei'nliil  lie-  I  sv  n  In  mil  lei  I 
•till  t^eiils  s.iiil-  imilh  llnm  the  esllemils  nt  Ihe  pninl  ali.l  h.l-  Inul  -imiliil  mi  |1-  linilhssesl  -iile 
Uttil  keil  ll'.  kelp,  I  III  le  |s  ,1  ilepi  h  nt  i  v\  elll  V  t  »s  ■•  tat  llnlll-  'nl  (M'cli  '  lie-e  il.lli -i  I  ^,  ami  I  went  S  live 
to  Iilll    S    l.lllinin-  lllillleill.ltels    lillt-nle  the  M'lnml. 

Ihl  iliii  liiiiinii  in  /\Hiiiiii.i  (nil,  N  lit  ^^  ll  h-l  111  ilm  u  thi-e  il  l  .i  u  h.n  k  -  l-lhmii-  ('use  is  a  U'H'il 
miclinlaue  Im  small  Vcs>e!s  illHlll;;;  Mil|llie,i-I  ;;.lli'-  .llnl  the  nnpii.iis  -iiliiinel  wiliil-.  Im;  \i|\ 
(inii;,i  lull-  Ini  N.illin;;  Se--eU  ilniill^  linllhiM-l  L;ah',>.  ,i-  tlieS  .Hi  ilss.is-  piiieileil  lis  .1  lii\n  > 
BWcll,  Manny  I  he  -nillllier  I  here  I-  .llss  .IS  s  .1  emi-nler  a  Me  ->'  i  11  -el  1 111^  111  In  I  hi-  .lllehnl  ,IL;e  sv  ith 
llglll.  '•  illl  M;;  u  imis  ss  hii'h  mak''  il  ili'liclilt  tn|  -  iiliii.;  s  e--i'l-  Inssmk  niii.  Ii  i-  ,i  milewnle 
Bet  ss  cell  I  hi'  e.lvl  .Hill  \\  1  -t  111  11 1 -,  .llnl  I  lllei  ipl.il  lei  ^  111  a  III  I  le  i  lei  p.  \  i  --el-,  111  -eekliiL;  h'l  I  he 
•Bcllnla  je,  sill  HI  hi  keep  loss  .mi-  tin  \\  e-li  l  u  iie.ui  s\  ilhlll  nlie  el;;lil  h  nl  .1  111  lie  tii  i  li  H  tile  sseslel  ii 
failkell  reel  .liie.lils  i|e  .el  llieii  ;  nl  keep  i  ln-,e  ,ii  mi  ini  t  he  e.l-il  el  ll  iii'.lii  .HIiiriHI  Ini  \S  cell  I  he  I  nek 
•Wilsh  .llnl  I  he  ss  Inti'  Illlill  .s  linh  I'm  in-  i  he  -mil  hei  n  lieail  nl  I'l-ln  1 111,111'-.  ( 'ns  c.  .\  nihm  111  m  sen 
or  "11:111  l.illiiilli- 111  s' .Hel' iisel  il.ll  k  .,'ias  v.Hlii,  ss  II  ll  till'  l.ll::e  ss  lute  hiill>e  nil  llie  i>t  hlillls  ;  1  s7.;  1 
lM*ariii.;  -Illlill  lis  svr-il  (.S.  lis  \\  .  1  ami  Ihe  loss  s.iml  lieaeli  ili-.lalil  .iliniit  Issii  liiiiniteil  .Hiii  litis 
yanl-.      in  tin-  pn-ilmn  the  tssn  niilei   sve-Iein  pmiit-.   ale  111    laiue.  ami    I  lie    mini   niie    |ii-|   -niilh 


\Li' 


ib".i 


13 


t 


ll' 


nBngjWm 


i 


I  t 


it     } 


Ik 


i         t 


so 


I'AciKii'  I'i'Asr  ni.'M 


IKIIlll      lillN    S.\cll 


:lUflliM  .1:^1' 


1-,  lull  til    iliulN  ciuiil    <li'.:ri'cs 


wcs'    iN. 


\v.:.    n 


ic    laslrlli    li 


(M';;l  l'('> 


I    ,N. 


•  l.sl      I 


!■:.    .         I'lir    \\f>l 


il     III      II.iiImii     Ki'i'I'    ill. IIS    li 


lli'llll    |\M'llt\      ilrUli'l'S    r.\ 


.1        N.     J" 


:inil    tl.i'     I'. I 


.1     iliil     liultil      l"iilt\ 


i-.i,in!    'Mil'  I Imi il  111  .1   mil 


W'liili'    IJoik     W    ^1  til    iiMi     llir    iniilill 


Till' l.iij,'!'.  \\liiti'  builiiiiii'- lliii'i'   lniiiiliiil  \.inl>  I'.ii  1,    Iruiii  Ilii-    bi'.uli  ".i- 


Ihc    I   iiiii'ii    S' 


lniili    ill   isti;!,  and  \*.is   \  i-il 


r,tr 

Mill  tllr.l^i      N  I'.*. 
I  \^  ii  .iiiil  Hill'  'Hiai 


rniiii  all   iHiiiils  licHvi'iii   IKIIlll    liair  wol    ( 


(  (N.  ^  \' 


Ctt.ihihi   lyiiiiKl.      Tins  small  aiuliiuav.''  i-*  ""  tlit-  imitli  slion-  i.f  Ihc  i- 
Irr  mill's  tViMii  tlif  iMiicfii  i'\!rrniil\.      Il  i-.  lialta  iir.li' lunail    it  llu'fiiti 


lalN  li.irk  aiiiiiit  iMU'iiuaili'i  "1.1  mili' 


tlirl-i'  l>  a  ilr'.ilil  ol   JO  latlliUil''  Ill>t    iilllsiili'  till'   |i 


4'ii,lil  fa  ilium-;  M  tlii'  i'-iirlnna^'i'.     'I'lir  -mniiil  at  I  he  in-  ul  nt  I  In'  ruvc  is  ii<m|iai,ii  i\  i'l.\  I 
;>iiiall  \.illi',\   riiiiinii'.,'  a  mili-  In  (li«'  miuIIi wanl.     'riu-  .-.ln-aiii   Iliruii-li  tin'  \alli>   i-  ilrv  in 
Tlio  i'a-.t(iii  |iiiini  i>r  till'  ciivo  is  lii^fli  ami  ruc-kv  ;  flu-  wtssHTH   |MHiit   1m>  >i  Inuli  >nuai 
Ivilij,'  cliwi-  at  till'  l«:\.st'  (if  tilt'  r<trk>  sH'i-p  sinpi'  rif  llic  Imillt. 

Tliis  a ''oml   am'iiiira_'<'  in    .smitlicasi   .iml   siiiitliwi'>l    ^vcatiii'i,  .iml    i   ii.issaMi'   iim: 


Hurt  liVM'-t   ^^^aIll^^. 


I'll!-    holti'li: 


iaiulv  .iiiii  tliiTi"  is  III 


I'll 


II'   lainlinu   !■<  nii  a  <•<• 


M'I\    lirl\ll\. 


in'.iiii  ami  M  rv  siiii«>lli  .it  all  limi">.  fNcviii  wiini  tlif  .swi'i.       ! 
TluTi'  arc  I«o  Wills  of  {.'uml  \^att'f  cIom'  tn  tin"  ImmiIi. 

Fi>.hir»ntn»  Ctn-c. — Siiia'i  cralt  "ii!  (iml  in  Istliiiiii!*  (■|i\  r  |iiui»^'tiiiM  rnnii  tin-  pri'vaili 
liiit  w  ill  <'xi)rricii'i' ilillii'iiltv  HI  ^.'I'ttni;:  mil.  as  (Ih-u' is  ahvi>s  a  swili   .si'iini;,' i^i   am! 
II  llaws  •.iml  iihlii's  riiniiil  lin-  lulls.     Mn-f  i»t'  tln-m  mi«  ant'lmr  in    i'i>lii  rniaii>  <'.. 


blows  I 


is  tuo  liniuln'il  ami  ncvohIx  tivo  _\aiils  wnlc   .uitl  lli«>  saini'  ili-Mn-i-  ili'i'|i ;  am!  mi  acioii 
M'llaml  roi'lv  o(!  its  iiiir.imi-  is  aiM'\f«'llinl  slu-ltcr  lorllii'iii  in  ail  wi'.niici.s.     It  issi|naii'l 

till'    Wc-I 

llii'  I 


li.i>  ,ui  loi  k^  oi  liiiliiiii  li.iii^itTs ;  ami  till'  ki'lp  oir  lln'  NtMitlnv«»st    imiiii    M-ai'lii'- 

\M-lvf  I'.itiioiii  liiir.     Iah'iiI  at  l!ii'  liraiNiln-  tlin'i'  tall line  rcarlns  wiilun   si\l.\   i 

lioit'.     Tlic  .siiUlliwi'St  point  ot  tilt"   ro\i'  is  a  wliii.-   hliill  ;   tin'   noitlir.i-'l    |>iiint  is   i!,. 
Iiiinination  of  a   narrow  hill,  one  Immliiil  ami  <'i;:lit\  fivi'  IVi'i    hiuli.  « iili  .i  s.hIiI!. 


l'"ii«in  till'  iiiiiitlif  of  till'  riiti.inii-  t'l  till'  111'. 

Willi.'    Ituik. 


r.inl  i; 


IS  open   l«o  \\  1 


tlhs    to    till-  Wi 


Til 


.uv'f.  maisliy  putnl  nii    tin-   islli!ini->    ni'.ir   tin     -I'litli    rovr,  lial   tin'    waii  i 


liracki.-li.     Scinb  oak  IS  iilitaiiiiil  tui  tlr*' woml. 

'liii' si'i'iiml.irv  a^li'omiinii'al    siilioiiut    tin-   <'n;(st    aid    1  irmli'tii'    Siii\i'\  of  1  v'i'J  \\  a  > 
111;.'!'  ol'  llii'    li.iiik.  l«riit>  liM-    vanls    troiii    tin'  uati'i  liiii',  ami    wi'nI  ul   Ilii'  w.ilii  loiii--.' 
into  I^tliiniis  Com'.     l-"roin  it  tin-  lii-ariiii,'  to  ilu-  \m-.>I  poini  of  Wliiii'  i;.ii '..  «.is   noitli   \\\< 
lii'L'iri's  last    N. 'J.'i     \'..  .ami   to  tin-    lii-t    ni'sti-rn    iii'.nl  of  tho    Ii.iiImiI'   iioitli    .sfM'iiii'cii 


>t     N. 


W 


u:i'ii.;i.i|i 


hii.il 


position  \»  : 


i..iiiiuiii' ,.., ;t:t     ■j<;    ;it  .7  imrih 


l.nllgillllli'  . 

•  >r,  in  litiH- 


11'      •£*      IT 


VVI*l. 


ill  .l.iiiiinry,  IS.**.",  tin-  iiia;riu'tic  variation  was  1  \     in  (•.t.-.i  wiili  an  annual  incrfasi'  of  1 

.\  ;.'towtli  of  ilioin.v   'iii^lirs  I'ovcis  tin-  wln-li-    i.".!.!!!!!,  ri-mli-iin;;  tnivriiii;;  mtv  ililluiii 
i-<l,iiiil  iS  jiarti.illv  stiK-i.i-il  ^\illi  I'aiili'  .tml   sint'ii,  ami  at   one  tiim'\.i>t    nnmlii'i^of  wiM 
alionmii'i!.  inil  iln-\  lia\i' lirlpiil  to  siipplv  tlic  ('alifuiiiia  inaiki-t  with  lif^li  mnlton.     hi  l<Si> 
olil  h'.iil  iniiifswi'ii'  n-iiisi'iivi-riil  ;   lin-ort'  ih  ih'.>ri  ilii'il  as  ai).'i'iiHfi-ions  j.Mli'n.i.      No  vtnn  o: 
of  till'  oil-  li.is  Im'i-ii  foiiml  .imi  ininini;  opfiatioiiM  havi' Ih'cii  isiistt«<n<lftl. 

Tiic  i.->l.iml  !'•  ilLslinctly  \i-iltir,  in  cirar  wiallur,  fioiii  I'oint  Loin.i  I.i{{lit  lionsr. 

A  topii;;i.ip!iiral  snr\i'\  of  till-  i>l.inil  lia.-*  Iiitii  mailr  lis  llir  I  .  S.  I 'oast  ami  (iioili-iu  ■- 
ami  topo^rapiiii'.ii  aii'i  liMiio;:r.ipliiral  Mki'li'ln-s  of  iIm-  .ini'lioi'a:.:i's  li.ivi-  ln'cn  pnlitisliril 
w  I'olr  i-laml  am!  its  rtl.iiion  to  I  In-  in, i  in  lain!  aiil  iln  ui  Inr  i-Nl.iml-ari-  wi'll  I'xliiiiiti'tl  in  tli' 
tsiir\ry  I'liaii  from  San  l>ii';;o  to  S.inl.i  Mnnn'i 

S.iiita  Cataliiia  i^laml  \va.s  illsroN i-ri'd  li.\  Cilnilli'  mi  liio  'ith  of  OrtoluT,  I."»r_',  ami  'ir 
on  It  iii'M  ilay.  It  was  wi-ll  inlialnti-il  wiili  tininllv  iinliaiis.  l'"i'i-ii-lo  sa\M  il  was  ilii' 
of  till'  two  (SantaiJataliiia  and  S.ui  Cli'ini'iiti'i  si-in  mi  tin'  tilli,.inil  wa-  n.iini'd  Han  Salv.nl 
tin-  l.irutT  vi'Nsi'i. 

It  ri'iiMM'd  lis  |iii'M-nt  nanii-  from  \  i/iMino,  Niivi'inlii'i  'J>,  Inn.',  wlnii  it  wiUHtliirkl>  ml. 
I>y  a  pi'.iplc  ifpoiii'tl  to  he  I  t-ry  iii;;i'nioiis,  pailn'iil.n'ls  in  piifi-riii;;  ami  com-t'aliii;;,  .Hoinc  I'v.i 
of  w!i"i|i   ,11'i'miipiislimi'iii  •!  ilii'\   ;.;.i\i'   ilu'   ."-ip  on  aid-       i'.iilri- di'  li    A-n'iiiimi.  w  iio  a<'roiii| 


SJ 


!■-   ^.i 


"m 


^}7:.'^^- 


I 


\   ■ 


:  ::s~-^_  -•■••■;-iVt^#; 


li«kiu\  (    ,M..  ,,i,  III.    .N,,ril,  -.i,ir,,f  tl„-  KaMrin  .id  ol  Su 


r:.:^^y 


.'^■' 


Siijjriiliijl",  vno  (ret. 
•  rifi  -iilr  .if  III,-  KaMrin  .id  ol' Sa?ita  Ciitiihiui  I>laiid,  s>\V,,  1^  lEiili'g 


w  Jk 


M.iL. 


rffcjMjwWiWTyrj'i-i..  .»afar~ 


8«nUBarb»ni  IsUnd,  S.i  W.,l»  ^lile^  617  ftrt,  8»nlii  Harbara  IkIiiimI,  S.  1:1    W  ..lisiani  ;w,  m 


^'- 


,r*^^i4«; 


<sc 


^..\   1 


8.  by  E..Hinile8. 


Sniitit  linrl  ii.i  UIhih!. 


S:int;4  Cni/  Nliiml,  W.  J  S,  jd  iii:l<'!i 


.^.-Jta-KJ 


^fgmgmgmm ■jni%.i_  a<sa 


I   W  .<li»lniit  :Ui  I 


hiitliiirii  1,-lniiil,  S    III    W     ;^.'  iinl.' 


Ili>il>nr.i  UIhi  il,  -\S     f*  .:iiiMiili' 


}  W   4  W     I  iin:.-.;ii:  '.-.t 

Sniitit  linrl  irn  I«IhiiiI 


>\S    ,  I  ll.llr.  I'JIi  fll't 


SW     K_\   S      I  4   III  ill- 


*.lt;a,4M,_-«t.rf..iitiu.  ^.ji,&Jl&l**i.4?iv(Bt)afc.:siifci^  *. 


-imlu  '  riii  Nhiii'l  Amiiii|iii  |-;,,Mt,  W    J  S  ,  .1,', 


li 


tbia  txi 
itt  llM « i 


'^4 


I'Arii  ic    roASP    lll,OT. 


81 


thWlAI'i'ililliili.  ;,'IVi>.  M'lS  |i;ll  Ijrill.ir  ilix'i  i|i|  khis  of  ;i  l«ii|:|iir  h'lil|il('  In  till'  Mill,  Ullli  ilii;l;;i-.s 
liml  W"'  .  I' HI  111  I  liiMl  I  lir  I  vMi  rii\  cs.  \l/c.lllii>'-.  cli.il  I  h  mm  I  ivs  I  lif  (  1 1  rlc  ilc.-.rril  Mil  ill  I  lirji  \Mir>lli|i 
»t  tiM  ' 'i'''i  1  •i|iii>-'i"ii-  "r  ;iUii  11,11111  ^  till'  uic.il  iii^ht  riiiil.iiiiiii.;  t  hi'  i>liiiiil  iil  ( '.il.iliii.i,  t  In- 
Uttblft'l'   S.inUi  Ciliiliii.t.     'I'liiH  wiiiilil  :i|)|i,uriilly  i'iiiIiimio  S.iii  rrilm  ami  Saiil.i  Mi>iii<:u  l>ii,N>. 


.  i, 


SAN  I  A    It\i;il  \i;  \    ISLAND. 


Til,  ii  DIM'  III'  till-  iHilv  twi)  small  i^laiiiN  nf  lln-  Saiil.i  llailiaia  ;,'inii|i.  It  licH  on  tlic  line, ami 
very  II'  i'l\  li'll  «.i.\.  Ih'Inmim  iIh'  iimtli  niil  III  San  ( 'iriniiili'  l>iaiiil  ami  lliri'a.>l  cml  uT  Sania 
Cmi  I  ~   I '"I       I'  i"  \  1^1  I'll'  at  ,1  ili>laiiri'  111   t  unit  \  vf\  m  imli's. 

XIm  ;:i'maal  iliiritiiiii  ul  the  i^laml  is  luiitliaml  ^mitli,  ami  il.t  I'^tri'iiir  lrnj;tliis  iim- ami  a 
half  III  i'^.  'i'lii- "  nit  li  iMsi  ami  \vr>l  i>  niii'  iiiilr.  \\  lirii  MTii  riuiii  tlii'iasi  tir  wi'st  tin' jslaml 
risCi  II  '  ^*|' i^'li''"'.  I'll'  --lint  lii'i  II  mir  a|i|iiMi  in;;  t  hr  iii^lifi.  StiMiin-is  iiiiv.ini:  llir  Santa  Mmiira 
Uny  III  I  ki'  It  mil  in  ;4iiim1  weal  III' I  as  t  VMi  small  tial  l^lrt  >  mi  t  In*  Inn  l/ull,  tlli'  a|i|i.Urnt  r.l>t)'l  n  lu'lli;: 
tlielBi  'I-  riiiv  a|i|ii'ar  Ji'iliril  tor  a  ^Imit  tmir.  Tliciraii'  t\Mi|Miiiits  hall'  a  liiilr  wrst  waul  iii 
the  Cli~^  I  n  lair  III'  t  lir  islami,  \\  linli  in  t  wu  liiii  il--  ul  ,i  nnlr  li  mii  r.iiii  ntiiiT  on  a  imi  t  li  t  w  o  tliiii|>. 
CMtfiii'  sou  ill  t\Mi  I  Inn  Is  wrsi  I  N.  -;  V..  ami  S.  -;  \\  .  ^  ruiii  ^r.  i'lu'  sunt  in  in  oiir  is  li\f  linmliril  ami 
forty  >'^  111  ti'it  .lliuM'  till'  si'a,  ami  tllr  Iiortlirl  n  inU'  Iim'  lllllnllril  ami  sixrlltrt'll  liit,  tlir  l.lttil 
riMlokii  u  that  i'lr\ation  in  ir-<s  lii.in  nni'  linmlri'ii  IitI  timntiir  si-a.  'I'lu- iIi'|iri'sMon  iul  \M'rn  I  ln'in 
IhArii  liiiiiiiirij  ami  t\M'nt,\   lirt  alioM-  tlic  sea. 

Tl  '•  isiaml  is  \('i_\  liolil  ami  liij^'li  mi  r\i  rv  >iilr,  ami  |in~riils  |inii|iitoiis  riii)>  lo  tiir  lull  fmcc 
of  tfcr  ■MT  III  suriN.  'I'lic  liintVs  aro  lioiir.\rmnliril  Willi  ;,'HMt  immtiis  into  ulijili  tin-. mm  Inral^s 
with  a  loiiil  iiiiisi'.  'i'lir  hasi'  of  till'  i^lainl  is  a  \ain'tv  ot  iiasait.  uliilr  aliovr  liis  a  .\  rllou  i,-.ii 
COtkni      iinlslmii' ('o\  I'li'il  v\itli  aiiil\  iiiiii. 

J\  II  sill  inniiils  thi'  Isiaml  out  to  fin  ratlioins  of  uatrr.  Init  at  iiii';;iilar  ili^t  inns  I'lmn  liir 
tiliore.  It  iirs  t\Mi  tliii'ils  of  a  null'  oiV  I  III'  soiiilii' i^t  |iiiint  oT  t  lir  i^iainl.aml  Iii'Im  <'  lo  tin-  nm  I  li 
|)Oint  '■  i\  rra;;i's  mil'  i|iiMrti  r  to  mii'  t  liinl  ol'  a  inili'  oil  slioi  r,  w  iiii  ||\  i-  m  >i\  latlioiiis  mihoii;,'  it 
itnd  (li  '  :>  uali'i  mitsiili'. 

Ji  ■  niiiitfiliii.  —  rill'  u  ati'l'  aioilliil  it  IS  liolil,  i'\ri'|it  u  hi'ii'  ki'l|i  inilli'Mti'^  a  Inul.  imlv  \  Iml  imn, 
Thsir  '.  t'a'limn  iiiii'  iirs  an  a\  ri,i;,;i'  ot  mn-  Mini  tiiiii'  i|iiMrli'i  >  iiiiir>  li  oin  tin'  --lioic.  o\  rr  a  lioltmn 
of  All       iM\  saml  anil  IniiUiii  slu-IU. 

J>  ■)iis.—\.)\)  liif  MiiitlivM'si  |ioint  of  ilii'  i-.!an.|.  mil' tliinl  lit  a  null'  ilistant.  is  a  ioi'l>\  i^lit 
two  III.  li  I II I  anil  tilt\  si'\  III  frit  iii;;ii,  u  itii  ivi'i|i  ai  oiiml  anil  iii'\  oinl  it.  'i'lii'  siii  l.iri'  slii|n'>  to  tin- 
(NMlttiv^  Mill  an' I  li.i.s  ,t  nr.ii  l,\  |iri  |H'iiilirnl.ii  pitiii  to  till'  nmt  li.  (Ml  tin'  wrslm  n  imiiit  ol  tin-  isiaml 
the  ki  'i<  iiimIvi  s  mil  ii\  t-r  unt'  in  i  if,  .i  ml  mi  tin'  on  I  it  .iml  sunt  Ihtii  t'il;;i'  of  I  Ins  iai;:i'  lirlil  is  a  ruck 
itWUli  !  r.ii  iiij;  nm  I  li  m'\  rnl\  si\  tli';;u  is  u  r^i  N.  T'l  W  .  I,  ilistani  mir  .Hill  mn'  i  i-ln  li  nil  Irs  frmn 
thub^  list  part  of  tlir  isiaml. ami  smitli  si'\iiit\  four  tli'^^nis  wrsi  S.  ;  i  \\ .,.  distant  mir  ami 
oueM|i,  iMcr  mill's  frmn  llir  nmllirin  liiu'i  |imiil  of  tin'  isi.iml.  It  i>  rr|imti'il  tliat  llnii'  is  .iiiutiii'r 
rook   I      isii  III  tins  lvi'I|i  iml  Its  |iosition  is   iml  Ml  ili'triiininil. 

].  I'iniiis  iiH-l  .1  ;i(7(..r(i'/( .  — l..inilin;;  n*  at  ail  linn's  liitliiiilt.  ami  ran  in' I'lli'i'tcil  at  mil.\  two 
|)olnt>  Tlif  Id'lti'r  lanilin;;  jilaci'  is  on  tlii'  c.ist  fair  ii.iil  .i  iinii-  limii  tin'  soiitii  |imiit,anil  was 
inar|i'<l  liy  a  .soali-r'.s  Inii  mi  tin'  loi  l>s  pisi  mI  tin-  ImiiiIiiii;.  'rin'  aiirlima::!'  oil  liiis  l.imlini;  is  in 
I'igllt  I  iilinins  III  wain.  cli'Mii  saiiii\  liottmii,  not  uoml  lioiiiniL;  ^i  oiiini.  in  a  ricar  s|imi-i'  jiist  iiisnlf 
the  Oil'  !  i'il;;i'  of  lln-  i>i'l|i.  with  thr  -i'mIi'I's  lint  lira  1 1 11;:  >milh  si\t\  ili';;!i'i'S  wot  ,S.  I  III  W.'i.ilis. 
t.iiit  1  :■  tliinl  of  a  iiiilc.llir  Miiullii'.isl  |ioinl  of  the  isl.iml  iii'.irin;;  smiiii  |wi'iii\  two  (Ii'-iits 
weet  ■  '..'J  W'.i,  ilislant  two  tlnnls  of  ,i  mili',  ami  thr  mniln'.ot  |ioiiit  mnlli  I Wi'nt\  i'i;;lit  ili';:ri  rs 
'*eet  (  ^'  '_'s  W., ilistani  liM'sixtiis  of  a  iiiiir.  'lln'  l.imliii;,'  i-^xi'iv  roiiuii  .imi  riiik> ,  ami  I  iir 
propi'i  loiiisris  lii'lwicn  lilt'  two  mitirinosl  lorks  awash  ami  tinn  tut  w  nn  olinis  of  tlii'  saiiii' 
i:har)i<  '■  I  into  a  small  o|ii'nin;,'  mi  tlif  uurtli  .sidt'  of  tin-  rocky  lcil;;i'  iipmi  whicii  the  scaler's  hut  is 
situr.t'.i. 

'I  '  othi'i  l.imliiij;  Is  on  till'  iiortti  si,l»i  of  tlic  western  (loinl  of  the  isiaml,  alioiii  six  liiimlreil 
yards  iiom  the  I'siicmc  wcsiern  piiiit..ni'.  is  mar'  >  1>.\  a  small  shanty  on  the  west  siilc  of  a  small 
break     i  llie  lilntl.      lln-,  Lmiliii;;  i  .   I'n'      i    tunes,  Imi  m    Api  li.  1  si  I,  w  as  as  j^ooil   as  i  hat  on  I  lie 

eaitMiir. 

■Tlnie  i>  iHii  .1  ilr  111  of  water  I. II  111.   i.-.l.iml;   no  ;;rass,  liul   plenty  of  [uickly  pear  {i>iiuntia  rul 
t)  Mini  sliiiilis. 

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Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MASN  STRUT 

WIBSTIR.N.V.  '«*8r 

(716)872-4503 


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^^.)  rAiii  It    i(i\>i    I'li.i'r. 

Thr  :....m.ll.lih';ll  IM.siIli.M  ul   ll.r  l.l>;llr>t   Im.iiiI  of  tlir  1>1.1ImI.  as  <l.'t.TmilU«ll  h\  tin-  I.  <    i 
;Mli!  (iioili!  r  S.ll  \  r\  ,  1>  : 

.     I  ,,    ,  X!       •.'-      •.'0     -  lie- ill 

K;!„uumi..;;''"''^^;i*''''^^^-..'^-..- "•'  "-  ^'  •  »"•<= 

..,   :„ni,M  •'     •■"■"•  "l-'l 

.iiiil  liKiii  II  till'  lollovNiiii;  IxMiiii^.-.  .111.1  .listaii.-.'s  t<>  proiMiiinit  ..l.jr.ls  an-  ;;iv.mi: 

r.iM.rM ..I  .•.aMMln...  N       I  \^  .l.-ia.,!  I'.'    i.„l..s. 

i;.iM.iM  .I..I..I    \ii.i.:iiu  Man.l N  «'  ^^  .li-l..nl  .U.|  inilrs. 

I'.MnI   II...1I.1.,.-  l.i-lil  I....IM-    N  ■-'■  \^  .li«laMl   II,  iinl.fi. 

l'..inl  r.im.ii  l..>:lil  li.MiM. N  -It  !■■  .Ii-I:inl  .RH  i.iiI.'h. 

WiNlirn  l«iiiil  I'f  SjiiilJi  t':il;iliii;i  Ulatiil      N  ^''  i  ili-taul  JlJ  mil.  « 

\\i>l  |..iiiil  .■!  S;in  fl.  111.  III.- Mail. 1 "  ■•■•  '    •  .li->i  "III    il.  i.iil.- 
K.i-f  i...M.t  ..I  S.iu  Ni.  ..la- M.iii.l. ^  ■^■>  \V  .li..l,.iil  'JIJ  inil.-^ 

I'lUcrli  llillis  liKIlli  liKri'l!  il.--lr.>  w.'St  i  N.  l".  \\  i  Imiii  III.-  l-laiid  .il  S.iiit.l  ILiiImm. 
x.itiMii-  ^li.iw..!  .1  .1111.  PI  to  !'<•  rmiiiiiiu  '"  «>-'  >'>  H'.illi  U  .  \>\  N.l  al  tin'  lalc  ..|  liall'  a  n 
li.iiir.     I'.pilM'l  uain  i..iir  liiiinlnMl  aii.I  m\I\  .i;;!!!  t  lilicm^  <>\<'i  -.ilt.  iiiii.l.l>  li.ili.piii. 

Ti  l.iiilv.'ll  ~.i\N  thai  •Mil  Sl.ilia.Ilnrliik.iir-  ri'|i<iil  t..  Kaiaii.ill  lif  in.'iiti.iii>  I  lie  cM^tciic.  . 
!.  inl>>  M  \.  M  Mil. -i  >..iitlii'asl  tntiii  Saiila  I'.ailiara  Nlaiiil;  luit,  alllic.ii;;li  tlii>  i.Iimi  \  atimi  i- 
|.|\  ii.fi.iti'i't.  all  ili'iil't  IS  ii.>Miiin)\i'.l."  Tlii-i  piisitiini  1^  111  III.'  iim-  l.i'Iwii'ii  Santa  |!arl>ai.i 
ami  .San  (  Icinriitc  Islainl.  an.l  iliis.-  «  al.'i  -  liav  .•  ii.it  Ixrii  tliciiiin^,'lii.\   mhiimIimI. 

S  i/iMiMii  ii,i>  lai.l  il.iw  II  llii>  i^laiiil  an.l  naiiiiMl  il ;  lniI  lif  lias  lai.l  il..«  ii  San  Niiolas  cl..^. 
^)lll■  III   II  ti>  till'  wf-tw.inl,  an.l  .(iiitt-  a-  ■>inall  in  .•\tciil  n^  Santa  j'.ail'aia. 

In  Tfli.iilM.lfs  All  1- III   (  liail-  111' Ili>  Santa   I'.arliaia    1-lainl   lai.l  .liuMi  as  tw.i  small 
I'.Mili  litix  the  I\M>  liill>  lia.l  lir.n  >cin  llcnii  a  ioli;:  .listaini-. 

ISI.\Mi    III     ANA.    \1'  \. 

Tins  isl.iiiil  IS  at  till'  ca^ti'iii  cntiaiici'  .■!  tlic  Santa  I'.ail.aia  riiaiincl,  wlicicit  is  c.iii' 
III  I'li'Vcn  liii!i'>  III  \Miltli.  1 1  i>  lliii^  a  .laii;ji  I  t.i  t  lu-  lia\  l;.Mt  i.m  .>!  tin-  I'liiiniiil  in  I  liii'K  w  t-atli. 
oili.'.  tlir  I'liililili;;  .'t  ill.'  Ii;:lit  li.iilM  aiJ.I  )<■;:  \\liistl.'  .Ill  llic  iKillll  slitirf  of  tlif  cliailllt'l  .il 
llii.'ii.  III.    V('>^il>  .ii.l.  .i\  m  III  Ui'i'li  al'ili;:  iimlcr  that  ^linif. 

riif  iNlaii.l  !>•.  Ill  lad.  a  .11  p.  Ill -In  Ii'Iiih  .1  n.ii  inw  liai'Ul.mif  .M'  i  hrir  r.'.'K.v  i>l.in.ls,  cxt.i.' 
.1  li.'.illv  I'.lsl  linl  tli.'.ist    ijiiiM  I  i.ili.  tlit'ii     litllr    lili:;tll    ImiIi^;  li»c  liiilr-..       Tlii'  «fsi  I'n.l  ii|   .\  ' 
I-,  a  peak  nine  lniii.lii.l  :iii.l  i'i;:lit\  tcct  in  li«'ij;lit,  «.lli  .i  l>a>t'  i>l   hM'I  Iw."  nulis  li\   ilin-.'  n- 
.il  a  mil.'.      I  Ins  IS  M  |i.iiat.'il  li.iiii  till'  nii.l.lli'  i-laiiil   l>,\   .i  ;.a|i  ten  ti'i-t  \«  nic,  tin  ^ui^li  w  In.  ^ 
I'aii  |ias>.     The  III  nil  11.'  i.kI.iiiiI.  i  ismt;  in  t  lircr  In  null.-.  I  an.l  twiiitv  lc«l  tlr\  .ili.Hi,  is  iii.ii  1\  t  \> 
lull;;  li>  liv  I' liiiiiili.-.t  \  aiil->  « III.',  w  hiUt  I  111' ca-i.  1 II  1-1,111.1,  rising'  ti)  I  W.I  linii.li.'.l   .iml   -i^ 
I'l.  v.ituiii,  IS  litiii- .i\i'I  a  mill'   liiii^    li\  li\t'   liii'iilicd  _\ai.l>  nwiI.'.     TIi.'   ;;.i|>  -I'li.il.itlii;;  tin 
.111.1  ta.-i.'rii  islan.ls  l'^  .iM'i   t^^.l  liiiinlii'.l  N.ii'il-  \M.I.'.  I.iii  >.i  .'.im|ili'ti'l\  tillcl  »itli  i.h'U- 
liii|ia.ssali|i'  liir  linat-.  uhu  h  cii:,  h.iwi-v.i,  Ian. I  .m  th.'  li.>ith  siilc  ..I'  th.'  i-l.inil.      Tlir  liiain 
IS  \i»ili|c  iliiri>  ti\f  iiiilcs  ilist.ihi:   Iml    th.'  tw.i  i-l.t.s  Inihi-  .-.i.-tw  ,ii.|   arc  \  isililc  al  t". 
I  lylitfill  mills,  when  tlie\   rise  as  a  le^lil.ll   w.lll  nf  Iieail.V    111111.11111  li.l;;ht  anil  three  mile-. 
Meue.l    Ii1.iiii1m.Ii'   i>Ii;    Iml    w  Inn    -|...n    ,i;    an    an^le    the\    .i|>|ieal    ,is  ,|  lilnkell    wall   Willi    I  \t ' 
-ll;;lltl\    in.'lnii'.l    Iii|i-       'I  hl>  l-  lit.'.iu-f    Ih.-    Iil;;lie-t    |i,illii|    la.  Ii    l>le!   I-  rli»-e  t.i  I  he  s.illt  li 
with  th.-  -Ill  face  !<lii|iiii;;  tiiwaiil-  the  III  lit  II.      The  SI  lilt  II  I'aees  ill),  thil.s  liiiuli  in.H'e  |tl'eei|i|t.i 
the  li.illh. 

rii.'i''   ii'-  I lit  I  \  111^  n>.  k-.  lull  s.'\  .'lal  .'l.ise  miller  the  slnir.'s  nt  the  eastern  isl.i.'i.l.-,  .n 

lar;.'e.  III.  k>  i-li'I  nn.lei  tlir  -.nith  slmi.-  >>(  Ih.'  iiiaiii  i!«laiiil. 

I  h.'   i-l.iii.|s  all-  i'(itii|Mi-.(.<|  III  e.iat.M',  il.ii  k't^i.iN  s.in.lsl.iiie,  \  ei>  rolleii  aii.l  eriiii>l>liii>; 

-1.1.  -  .lie  |i.'l|i.  h.lii  iilai I  It. nil  tw.i  liiiii.lie.l  ,111.1  lillv    In  lliiee  IiiiimIi  .'<!  Ie«'t   lll«ll.  ami  1 1' 

lint  .1  till'  liilji  |,.i  f.Mi  thilil-  <>l  ll'.'  1.  until.  ieek..iu-<l  linm  the  eaj>teili  exireliilt.v,  haH  Ueeli 
|il.in.'.l.  .ui.l  the  line  lit  tills  ai'M. Ill  is  III. like. I  ,1111111  i|  the  ll.ilik-  .il  llie  western  p.llttil  Ih' 
l-l.lli.l.  Ii.>Um!|i-I,Ui.|iii^  11  1^  elil  .in  the  nmlh  -i.l.'  li\  -ev.'l.il  (|.'i-|.  yill.lr— ,  w  illi  alllinsl  V' 
M.les,  I II 11  mil;:  It  mil  in.,  -inininl  t..  the  liliiH.  The  wlmle  Im  m.iti.m  l-  lill.'il  with  iiii.iimei  ,il' 
ties.  ;;iviim  it  the  .i|i|ie,n  .in.  •■  .if  ,ili  ennllmiil-  lil.n  keli.  .1  li.iiieN  I'linili.  I'lie  h.iiI  is  I.Mlse  ,li.. 
lir.n|ii('iiiu'  .iiilv  il  few  ilw.nteil  -iiecjes  ii|  ea.'tils  .iml  ,i  thi.  k  le.ive.l,  -ii.'.'iileiit  |il.int  e.iinmiiii 
seac.i.isl  Ml  i\\\,  Kiii.U   |...',ililies,      .s,-,ii.-,.l\   ,i  .||.i|i  ii|    wider  m  to  lie  t.nili.l  .Ml  the  Islaiiil. 


f. 


ii 


r.s. , 


iiii'i  .1 

r\lfl,. 
•I    A 

w  liii  !i 
II  l\  lu 
ikI    -, 

llllllll 

I  Wfl 

liilrH    , 

III    tvi. 

olltli 

'll>lll>' 


>llllll^ 
iimI  iIk 

h.'.'II 
•  >l  tl» 

iin«.|    V  I 

'i,ii.:' 

St'    ,11, 'I 

iiiiiinii 
ml. 


'4 

I 


.1^ 


w 


i  1*1 


iiy 


■  't 

^> 

!      i    ! 

1    .1  t    1  ltd 

1 

t 

n  y 

m 


1  ■"   i  ■ 


^^fss:'*!:!^^'^'^'^'^^'  ■'V'"-^?^*.  r»i?jr^:^? 


mms^^^^^^^^MMuj^ .  d^:^.-c^ 


r--- 


Anil  K.'ik.  S.  i  K.  .■'niilHN 


Anacapa  IhUikI,  height,  'J;Ui  (mt 


:^"^ 


The  r.aj.t.rii  fxlrpiiuty  cf  Aiiarui)B  Nlmiil,  iiHsmi  fr..ni  tln>  .^oiilhward.   jl*:!) 


I*s- 


'\     *  I 


\ 


\  I.;  * 


H 


I 


: 


I 


i''! 


k  s!  Ill 


H'l,' 


^1 

11 


N 


V  :« 


■*ln^  i 


H'l 


^^ 


■;iiit;i  (  ru/  lul.'iliil.  Aii:ic:ip:i   NV    tS    ■,><'■  tin lf«. 


.-.^r,**  -.-J^.' 

^'^^^r^^','^-' 


r..iiil  Mn;;ii 
NW.  li\  W  i  W     '  '.|  iiiil.-». 


»»■}*»»«*»,  :m;sV-«*SK''^      »»«»•— 


>.uil.>  Mi'iiii  :i  Mi'iuil.ilii''. 
I'lim  lirl  lrt;li 


i/'  ■    \\fLl  L 


/' 


-% 

X-v 


"^-W-C^-'-A : 7'   i 


r..i;,i  Muun, 
NW   l.v  \V    i  W     7  null- 


Wlillr  Cllll 

l.a.1      \  IVak, 
!,:.«    I.I 


f 


)  Ti 


i 


1^ 


t  i-  I 


I'At   IIIC    CciA".!      I'll. 111'.  y,', 

Till'  ciiMtcrii  fiiii  lit'  IIm'  •luiiii  is  kiiowti  as  tln'  .1  ><  h  /i'<>,  /..  Ii  i>  a  Imlil,  im  k\  |Mijiit,  luit,  \>  Inn 
'  I'Wi'il  ri'Diii  iiiit'tli  or  Moiilli,  a|i|i<'.irs  |o  |ia\i-  a  ;;<'iilli'  >lii|ir  riuiii  tlir  tii|i  ni  Ihi.s  pail  ol  llit-  i>laiiil 
:<ii  liiiiiiliril  ami  >i\t.\  tt'i't  .iliiixc  llir  M'a  I  lo  llic  watt'i.  A  III  lli'  laii  lialT  w  a\  ilnw  n  tlii>  .>|ii|ii- 
:!  I'll'  is  a  III  1 1. II I  rli'll  in  tlir  Wall,  iiiaKlii;:  Aiili  li'mk  .in  islrl.  w  illi  ;i  lii::li,  liiu.iil,  .iiiii  m-|'\  ri';:iilai' 
.11  li  tliiiiiiuli  il  iK'in  iM'illi  III  Miiilli,  and  \  i^ililc  al  ,i  ll.^talll  r  nl  i  ij^lil  m  nini'  iiiili'>.  .Iii.>t  soiilli  nl' 
\   I'  la.sli'iti  I'liii  <>t   tilt'  III!  k  i.»  an  i.'-Klali'il.  Iii^li,  I  iM  a  III  II  1. 1 1  loiK,  \s  ilh  .si'Mmi  .iihI  a  lialT  I'alliiiiiis  iil' 

vi.ili llMilr  ol  i(  (»t'C  .sk'Iclll.       .\   ilrplli  III  Irli  lallinlhs  j>  rnilliil  ilii^r  i,\\  tin-  cast  ami  Morlll  slilfs 

<  '  .\l>  Il  liiii'k,  Jlirlt'aMIl;:  III  I  VM'lit.V   11 M'  1. 1 1  III  III  IS,  w  nil  liirk\   ImiIIhIii,  SMI  Inn  lialt  a  liiilr  t<    tlir  III  Hill 

.liiil  Ih  till'  sixitli,  \\|ill>t    ini'^^lllai,   |nrk>    liiilt Is  Inllliil  In  llii'    rasluaiil,  WJlll  l\M-|ll>    ratliiiiiis  at 

j  .lit    .1  null'  ill-<t.lllt.       'I'lirll'  Is  III)  ki  !|>  nit    tills  |.ii||lt. 

llniiii'tlii'i'liii. — 'I'lir  ili'|>lli  111    walil   aiiiilliil    llir  i>-l.il.i|  i>  ninilrl  alil\    ;^:iat.      Tlir  t'iill\   latlinlii 
I  III  M'  l.i'.s  ,1 1 II II 1 1   a  li.ilr  I'll    I  III'  r.isti'i  II  |mi  t  nl    llir  iiiii  I  II  >iili'  iif   t  III'   I  >l. 1 1  ill.  ,i|i|i|  iiai'lilli;;  I  In-  wis! 
I  III    |iail  111    llir  linltll    slili':    ainl    |i!'nlMli|\    lilt'    s. IIIII'    ;:i'lii'ial    illsl. IIIII'   ami    'lijilll   is  Inlinil    nit    llir 

-' III  til  sill  ire.      In  tlir  .\nara|ia  r,is>,i;.:i'  ,it  tlir  ui'>|  iml  nl  thr  islam  I  t  lir  ilrjitli  \  ariis  Imni  t  wini  \ 


it  l.illiiiiii'^  iiiiini'iii.iti  l\ 


.11   II 


|inllil    In  tlilltv    l.ill|nMi-<  III 


mill  I'liaiiiii'l.     Uil   ilii- lasti'i  II   |iiiint 

I  III'   I II  lit  nil  I   i|lii|is   III  nlii'   1 1 II  ml  1 11 1    l.ltlinllis  III  I  Wli   null's.        I  ill'   ||\  il|n^la|i|i\    lias  Mill    lii'i'll  l'ulll|i|t'll'll 
I  !l  till-  SI  III  III  slim  I'  ;    I  lilt  I  III'  I  III  III, it  lulls  all'  lll.lt   till'  t  lili  r  lillliilltil  ainl  Inlll'  lililiillt'<l  l.ltlinln  liiii.s 

,i|i|iiiiat'li  \t  It  lull  I  \Mi  iir  iliii'i'  null's. 

Kil}>.~\  riilli|iart  lillt  liailnu  lirlil  111'  ki'lp  rMrlnls  iiiiilii  tin-  sniitlnrii  siili'  iit'  tlir  islailil  tti 
litliin  hall  a  null'  nl  I'ai'li  i'Xtlrliiit,\ .  >Mtli  nlii'  liirak  ablrasi  llir  uisti'iii  Imat  |ias.sa;:i'.  On  tlic 
I  niili  siili'  nl'  till'  isl.iiiii  lilt'  kflp  I'XtriiiU  liiiiii  llir  XM'sti  in  i.xi.  iiiit\  In  hall  a  null-  laslwaiil  nl' 
;lii'  ursli'iii  liii.it  passil;;t'.  tliilt'li>  ;.'l\lliu  suinr  pmlri  I  inn  til  II.  Oil  till'  niulhwi'st  lari'  nl  llii' 
iiiiijillt' i.hU'I  lit- tliit'i' t'Xti'ii.sivt'  pati'lii'.s  nt'  kflp,  wlinli  ;.'i\r  pinti'ftinii  111  till'  aiirliniaj:!'  iimlir 
I  lll'lll. 

.  I  III /ill)  III/)'. —  jiiilil  » .itiT  IS  t'liliml  ainliml  tlir  Isl.linl  up  tn  tin'  i'il;:i'  nt'  tlir  ki'lp.  Till'  lii'st 
.ilirliiila;ji'  IS  mil' i|Uarli'r  III'  ,1  lllllf  Imlth  nl  tin'  IIihIiIIi'  nl  till-  liuililli'  rsl.iml  in  iIi'MII  nl  turhn 
l.itlinllis  nl    «ati'l,  lii'twirli  t«ii  l.il;;r    p.itilns  nl    krip.  Willi  tlir   I'asliin  p,l.ssa;;i'  Jlisl  npi'li.      l'"liilii 


Ills  all!  Iinla^i'  t  lull'  l> 


liiial  lamiiii;;  '\iii''  In  thr  sniilli-MMilliwrst  (.-s.SW 


Tlirlr  air  ^rii  iill('/iii»(((/(.||  nil  thr  snlllli  snli'.  (.m.  Ins  lirl  unli  Ihr  ni.llll  linils  111'  ki'lp  ami  I 
{i.iti  II  a  lltilr  n\t'l  a  i|nalli'l'  nt'  a  Ilillr  sniil  li  siiiitlivw  si  .n.SW  .)  Iinin  ilii-  linat  p,is,s,i;^i'  lirlvsi'i'ii  I  lir 
hlilillr  ami   Wrstl'Ml   isli'ts,  in    rlrMII    l.ltlinlii.s  III    W.ili'l'.      'Ihr    iithi'l'    Is    III   I  Wi'h  I'  l.il  linliis,  alinllt   a 

|ii.ii  In  nf  a   nil 

lirt 


r    snlll  lir.l.sl     li\     .<nlltli    nlii    i|Uaili|     snil 


ill     >i;.  I'S    .^.  I     S.,  Iinlii  Ihr  llilihllr  nl    thr 


|.,ls.s,i;;i'  lirlwri'li  thr  nuilijlr  ,linl  rastrin  Islrt.s.  Thrlr  air  linat  hlllilillLis  nil  thr  Iinllll  siilr  nt  the 
Wistrin  ami  raNinn   rxtlrliutlrs  nl'  llir  Isl.iml. 

I.iniil/iill, — W  lirii  M'.sM'l.s  art- rin.ssin;;  Santa  .Mmura  l'>a>  trmn  llir  rasiward  tln-.v  ran  not  .tro 
A  II. II  a  pa  lirt'ori'  Santa  <  IIU  risrs  aliii\  r  thr  hni  i/n|i,  ,i>  t  wn  la  in  I  islrl.s  air  .sirli  w  lirli  thr  \  rs.srl  is 
liiiitrrn  mill's  \vi'st»aiill.\  linin  I'nini  Niiirriitr.  At  luiirtii  ii  iiiilis  liniii  i'liiiit  Viiii'i'iitr,  Anarapii 
IS  .M'i'ii  aN  a  Mark  sprrk  jiist  iiiil.snlf  thr  app.iii  nl  nnithri  ii  rxlitniilN  ot  Santa  (in/  anil  lira  i  in;; 
"I'st.  ilistaiii  lliiits  two  inilt's.  At  twriil.\  niiir  iiiiirs  timii  I'nini  \  inrriitr  ami  twriit\tW()  tiiiiis 
Aiiarapa  Isl.iinl,  tin-  hitler  is  |iiiijri'tt'ti  on  Saiil.i  <  in/  lulnw  thr  niithnr  ami  lui  wrr  n  thr  iippairiit 

iKirth  piiint   III   S,iiita   t'lii/   ami    tin-    lii^hr.st    pr.tk,  wliilr  thr   taint  until il'  Santa  Itnsa   Islaiiil 

)iiiiiiis  lip  on  thr  appaii'iit  sniilli  pinnl  of  '"s.iiil.i  ( 'i  ii/,  ami  u  hrii  nll.Mnlillr  I'niiit  ami  Aiiarapa 
l-l.llnl   Is  ilislaiit   IWi'hr  nulls,  it   shows  rlrar  nl    thr  laslrlli  pnilll  nl   .s^aiila  Cm/. 

Thr  ^'t'o;;iaphii'al  posilimi  nt   .Vnli  Itork,  .il  ihr  i',islriii  nnl  nl   An.irapa  islami,  is: 


l.atitiiili'. 
I.iiii)!itiiilr 
1 1| .  ih  t  mil 


:>l       i<l       nl     r.  iiiirlli 
ll'.i       -.'1      ','1     n  \M'i<l. 


I 


I'lniii  .\n'|i  Itork  wr  lia\r  thr  Inllowiii;;  liraiiii.Lis  ami  ilisianrrs  In  pinniinriit  points: 


iMinil  111  Sal 
iiinii  l.ii;lil  II' 


ll,>;l,.sl 
I'l.iiit  II 
t'liiiil  Diiiiii' 

I'oillt    lllll'lll'llll'    l.l^lll     lllll 

San  lliii'iiavi'iiiiiia  Wharl' 
Siiiitii  llitrliara  LIkIiiIiiiii 
I'lihit  Ciiin  riuinii  Liiilt  In 


la  I'i.iil'ara  Mainl. 


.s.   11        i;  .  ilistaiil  :>!'•'  Miilr 


i;..  ili~taiil 


"(  mill's 


l»l- 

N    •.". 

'       1".  . 

N.    : 

W.. 

.sr 

N   ,. 

w.. 

1)  .  ili>laiil  '.'-     iiiili'.s. 
ilistaiil  11     Iiillrs. 
ilisiaiit  t.'ii  iiiili'H. 
ilislaiit  '.".ij  iiiili'.s. 
N    -11       \V..  il,-ilaiil  11-.'    mill's. 


Thr  I'haiiiir!  lirtwrt'ii  Aiiat'iii-a  ami  Santa  Cm/.  Islamls,  known  a.s  tlio  Aiiat'iipa   ras.sapo,  is 

ilr.siriliril  nil  pJI^Jf  !I.S. 


!l 


i  I  J(  ' 


n 


'ii5i 


^1 


I  \i  im    I  insi    rii.di 


I 


I 


Till'  Sii|>rllliltli«lt  III  ..I    llir  I      S   <  .i.isi  .111.1  «;(  11.1. Ill    Siii\r_\   liii>  K'l'iiliiliii'liilnl  llii    m, 
a  IikIiI  lii'iiM'  .tiiil  >l(Min  1.1-  wliiNjIr  ..II  III.   imnI.  Ill  cMriiiiils  i>l   llic  i>l.iiiil. 

Ali.li   IIM  x«.i->  .1  ;:!■ 'II   ir^i'lt   III!   till'  mmI.  ^r.l  lloli. 'till!  »' I  i'li'|ili.ilil,  .lliil  till ll\    I'll   III. 

lull    lllMll.\    .ill  ll  IM'  III  I  II  Ullli'il  I'll,    liiil   llii'  »•   I  I  li'j'liilil   "  I  \liiirt. 

Il  «,!>  .Ill  !lll>  InI.iiiiI  lli.ll  111!'  >lr.illiNlil|i  lliiirt././  .N. ..(/  l.ill  U.xlltiH'  lilll  IIIK  .1  ill  liM'  In;;  i 
m;;lil,  niiiliiliil  '.'.  IVi'i,  III  t.iliii  \M  illii'l.  riif  \r>Mi  W.I-  •.tr.illiinu  .il  lull  N|it'ii|,,tiii|  tiiii  I.. 
anil  il|i"ll  till'  liirk'"  «llli  »iii  11  l"li''  lli.ll  »ll«'  li-llKlllHil  l.fl  1'.^  till'  I'liw  lllilll  lira\>  wimIIhi 
lirl  ii|i.  riii-  nililM'  III  llii'  >li.illirl  ll.iil  ImtIi  l.ikril  Unlii  I'l-llll  «  nlln  |m  Inn.  ImiI  WiiIiiiIII  .i 
rij-i-  III  Ilir  rinii  III-.  Twn  IiiiiiIU'iI  .tlni  lill>  |M<i|ili'  \M  ir  nil  llir  l>l.unl  i  l>:lll  tl.lVN,  .llnl  «. 
cili'.l  li>   llir  .-Ir.lin^.lilp  I'liliti'tiiiil. 

'I'lif   l'>lanil   w.i>  (liHiiiMli'il    ii\  r.ilnillii   in    IMJ.  Imt    In'  -Inl    iml    iiatiir   il.      In    It.nj  \ 
|i|.iici|  It  nil  Ins  cliait.  Imt  rnin|i.ii.itiM'l\  ton  l.ir;;<'.      Ilr  ii  aiiinl  it   l>la  lir  «Mnlr  li.ii  li.nl.i. 

l»oii  .liiaii   I'l'ii'/.  in  1 77  I.  nainiil   tlii>  tlir   iiH'k\   i-Irt  nl  S.inin    rnin.i.s,  Imt  it  l'^  nnl  |i|.i 
tlir  *  .iita  lii'in  i.il  III    I7'.M. 

\  .iin'.iiiM-i.  Ill  III-  n. III. liar,  i  ail-  'In-  i-l anil    1'. -imimIi.  .mil   ir|i(  ..lci|l>   nirnlinii".  it  |. 

ii.iiiif;  lull    ii|>.iii   llic  iliaii  nl    111-   -iii\i'>  .mil   r\|.lni.il  inn-  Il    I-  in^:i.iMil    I  an  i.iimIi.  win. 

;;i\ili    IIM'   til  i'\i'l\    \.ilirl>   III   i.|ii'lll|i;;.      Olii    hull. Hi-   |il  nnnlllii  r  It    \'.\ «■  all  jia^li  ,  w  it  |i    , 

.-I  inn;:  ynltiii.il  inlnii.iiinii    !>»  iii 

A  I  li.iit  nl  .\n.ira|ia  ami  llif  iM.-tiin  iihI  oI  S.iiita  i'lw/  wa-  |mlili-liril  li>   tin'  <'na-I  .Sin 
Kti't,  aiiil  .1  |>ii'liiiiinal  \   niaji.  -ImwiM;:   il-  irl.itii'ii  In  tlir  iii.iiii  l.linl.  m  IVii.      ^liirr  llicii  III.   ' 
lililr  I  h.ilt  nl    llii'  S. Ill  1. 1  1 1.1 1 1 1.1 1  a  t  1 1.1  n  In!  Ii.i-  In  in  |mlili-liril     I  ■^■•»-  . 

I  III     I-l  \M'   "I     -  \N  1  \    I  lit  /. 

'I'lll-    I-I.1ImI   I-  llli'    l.ll;:r-l   nl    tlir    S.lllt.i     r.tlli.U.I    (    li.illlirl    ;:tiill|'.    llnl    III'-  liln.lil  nl)    lli' 

aliDM-i    llir  tnwiint   S.mt.i    11,11  li.iia.  .It  ,1  ili-t.inii  lit   twi'litv  mii'   inilrs.      Its   ^inii.il  iliii.  ' 
I'a.Ht   ami  west,  wiili  a  Irii^tli  nt'  iwi-ntv  niii'  null--  ai'il   an   aM'ia;:i-  wiilih  nl   Iniii    nnlrs.  wl,   ' 

fStilll.'l    It-  -linli'  lllir  l>  mil     lr--lli.in    MM\    llllli--.       Il-i.l-lilli    |..ll  I    I-  i'\  1 1  rllirix    II  I  i-;:ill.il 

ifii.  ami  ill  -1 1 1  nil'  nt  walri .  ami  I  In-  -ni  lai  r  nt   t  In-  I  mi  tin  .isin  n  |i.it  t  is  tliirkl.v  stii-w  ii  w  iili     < 
aii;:nial    |ilri'<-s  n|    stnlii',  lilnUi'll  a.-  It'  Ultii  a  liliiilncl.      .SiM-ial    s|ii'rii's  nl'  r.li'llls  ami  Millii'  ' 
I'oaiNf  );i,i--r.-  tlniii  i-li. 

'I'lll'  -linli- nl    till    i.-iainl  .Mr  I'll   till-  liiii-T    |i.ilt   ^^l.^    linM  .llnl    |.l);;:i'il,  rxlillilllll;:  rnai-i.  '    < 
^ra>    -,iliii-Inlir.  Il  lllnliiili;;  ami    mltiii.  like  lli.il  ,il    \ii.ir.i|i.i        I  In-   -iliiiliilt  ut    t  In- i.lnli'l  n    ii.'.nl 
a  rln.ss    llii;'i'    inimiii;;    nnltliwi-«t    li\    wi-l      NW'.nv    \\  .      .iml    l\lli;:    tlllC''    lllllr-    llnlll    tin-   I 
|iii||lt.      Till'   I'll  \   ilmli  nt    till'  lii^iii'-l    |i,ill  III    tills  iii'.nl   I-  lllti'i'li    inilnllril    .iml    twilltv    liil. 
\isllili'    trnlii    ,1    ill-l.im  r  nf    I'lIlN    null'-.       Tin'    i-.l-Ii-lli   I'Mli'liulV   nt    tlii'i-iiml   Is  II. lllilll  .N./, 
y'"Mir,  ami   111'-  Imil    liiilrswi-sl    tinin  .\n,n.i|i.i.      Ii  i-  .i  rnliiii,ilati\  iIn   Inw   lalilc,  »  it  li  iln  |. 


Il  II  anil    I'la-I    I  .ml  mi  t  li 


l-lnsf    limli'l    It.  .llnl    till'  ani-||iil.l'_'r-  nt    .S||ill;;;:li'l  -    ('.i\.    .ili  tin-  -nil 

It  1-  111  l.ililiiili'    W    I'l    "i".     nnl  III  .imllnn;;itiii|i'  1  I'l     ;i    I'.  \m -t.      Tin'  I  »i\  il'-  I'l-.ik  i-  lii  I 

:{(    III     ;'•     iimtii  .imi  lnn;:itiiiii'  1 1'.)     I7   »i     ur-i 

'I'wn  ami  t  wn  liiiril-  in  i  Irs  wi'-i  li\   iiiii'ili  ii.iit  iini  I  II    W  I'N   N.  A  N.  I  tinin  .San  I'lilin  I'.,  i 
lii;;ll,  I'li'Uv    |..iiiit   li.iimil  ('■H'ln   I'fnil. 

I  imii  tin    trails*  i-i -I'  i-astiiii  inlyr  aimtln-r  inn-  iicailx  r.ist  .mil  wrst  tliii>ii;:li  tin-  a\i- 

ii.innw   p.iit  111'  tin-  i-lainl,  \i-i\   iii-a.l\  In  llir  iiinlilli':   .mil  ilirn   tin-  iwn  ;:n'.it    rnl^i'.s,  niii' 

linltll    -jlll'  .111.1   nlli'  nil    till'    -..lllll    -Jill',    mil    l.l   till-    Wi'-ll  Ml   I'll. I   nl     llll-   l-l.imi. 

/»iii///ii  /'•.(»/— lllilll    I'lisnni'i-    II, lllilll    In  tin-  wrst  llnl  111    I  In-   isl.iiiii    I  In'  slinic  iilK'  1^  i 
a  lar^i-  niiiiilii-i'  nt  I'.iii.nla-.  wmii  ilnwn  tliinii;:li  tin-  lii;:li  iiinniii.iin  it, inks.     Im  twci'ii  till'  ' 
an-  till-  Iran-M'i'M-  ri.i;;rs,  wlm  li  luiin  ,i-  iii.iii\   Imiil,  In^li   |iniiii-,  Imt  imiir   |iiiiiiiiiiriill\   Imi 

the  m-ln-l.ll  I'lll  \  I'  .if  I  ill'  si  ml  I'  l'\.'.  |it    I  »l,tli|.i    rnint.  "  illril   rnlllrs  llnW  li   .is  t  W  n  lll^ll   l'li|;;t's  a  I 

nut  lii'ail.N  li.ilt  .1  null'  lirvnini  tlir  nllni-.  Il  i-  -ilii.iliii  nun-  .m  I  tiiiri'  i|ii,illrls  iiiiics  mui! 
i-lilv  ,st-\  I'll  ,iliil  a  li.iir  i|i';;ii-rs  wt-sl  S.  7iA  \N  .  i  limn  <  ^iv  n  ii  I '..int.  .llnl  rl;;lil  Inili.s  iini  I  li  ■ 
Iniir  ilt';;li'i's  i',i-l     N.Sl     1 !.    riniii  W  I'sl   I'. nut.      I  In  i .•  i-  \  i  i  i 


II  Watrl   rinst-  llliili'l    It. 


11  (v'  /'".;./, iml    I'l'i-.n    I'i'int. —  Till'  imi  I  liwrsti-i  II  I  \1  n  mil  \   nl    I  In-  Isl.iinl  |s  I  lir   .iln  iipl    tiimi 
II, it  inn  III    till-  |ilr\  inll-l,\   imiil  miiiil  lll;:ii  I  nUi'  I II 11  111  11^  lii'.il .  .mil  j.ai.lllrl  w  ll  h.  tin-  mn  i  ini  li 
,1111 1  ;:l,iilii,i!l>  llll  iia-iii;:  li  niii  t  w  .lit  \   t.nii  II  II  mil  I'll  ,mi|  nmi'  trit,  w  Ini-li  i-  tin-  i>li'\  ,itinii  nl    < 
/''((/,.  till-   iil;;iir-l    linlul    mi    lln-   i-laiiil.  In  s.  \  in    iiiimlii-.l    ,imi    t\M'iit\    li'it.       Tin-   iil;;lii'sl    \" 
J  list  \  1-1 1  ill-  ,il)ii\  !•  till'  Iml  I /111  I  till  \   tl\  r  mill's  III  III  I  si',iw  ,iiii.       Tills  imi't  II  wi'Sti'i  II  r,i|ii'  incsclil-     ''"' 
tint  iinitliMi-st  till-  aiiiM-araiifi-  nl   Iwn  tt-irar«-s,     'I'ln'  Inwi-r  mn-  is  Init^  |ci-|  aliii\«'  tin'  sea,  ami  "••'' 


i 


I 


i 


f 


\,  [vH 


it 


1] 


'»H 


Mm- 
111   I 


iilii' 


U      i: 


I      j 


irf^' 


a  ,.:?^- 


Smits  Koita  Isliniil.         SsiiU  t'ruz  Inlanil.         Anacapa  Island.  W.  by  8., '.46  mileii. 


.    I-—-- 


Santa  Kdhii  if<liiii(1. 
W.hy  .<  ».S  ,57  inilrg. 


Aiiacapa  Ulaixt.  Sauta  Cruz  iHlaml. 

W.  l)j  S.  i  S..'i-i  miltv..  'Xit  f,et. 


ii^9l^!":m 


££!!*¥^ 


''■I'll. r, ft*    , 

,:.!i!!;i!!i!jiiii|flll':tfc'^<i). 


ffc.J^  -■-■U!  I huklM     i.-t^l/    'lif' 


Aiiiic'ii)ia  iNlitiid, 
SW.  liy  \V.  }  W  .  17  niil.M.  '.»;10  fwt. 


Suiita  Cruz  Island  (East  end).         West  end,  VV.  Uy  S.  i  S.,  40  mil.- 
'iei({ht,  '.',407  tV«t. 


w 


I'ACIKIC    'iiAsr    i'll.nr. 


85 


.  .'lUiil  i-^  llircc  liiiiidrtMl  and  twciitv  (('cf.  Ainu;;  tlir  iinitlii'rii  fact'  lor  tlirt'c  or  lour  mill's  Iroiii  tlui 
ui'nIciii  iMunt  till'  slmii'  is  a  vciv  pn'ripitoiis  hliilV.  \\\n  liiiinlrnl  ami  t\M'iit\  I'cct  lii^^ii,  with  a  liar- 
iinv  Icrract'  ln'twci'ii  it  ainl  the  lii;,'li  rid;;!'  iimiit'iliahly  IhIiiihI. 

Tins  iinitliwt'.stcrii  ('xtrcmit.v  of  ilic  island  is  nnr  and   nnc  i|Mai  Icr  miles  liniad.  mutli  by  I'a.nt 
■iinl  -..iitli  li,\  west,  and   its  noillicrn  aii;:l('  is  named    Wist  l'<>int.      Its  •..mtliern  aiiule  lies  almiit  a 


am)   I  lialt  southward  of  West    roini.  and  is 
astward  ami   soiithwaid  of  the   latter  is  a  sni; 


lirojrci inu  |i  .1 


||t  ealled   l-'inur  I'niiit.      To    q> 


tlie  ( 
Aiiclioia^re,  t 


It   fiirmiii''   l'oiiie\'s  ('o\e  or  Northwest 


lse«  liei>>  deserilied. 


I'm  111  I'raziT  I'imiiI  the  faithest  part  of  the  lnnai!  sou  III  west  shore  of  t  lie  island  hears  southeast 
,1  distant  tl\e  Tiiid  a  half  miles,  with  a  deep  lii;:lit  of  mailv  two  miles  lietweeii,  upon  which 
lis  the  Canada  ("er\  ada. 

W  I'st  I'uiiit  is  in  l.itilnde  .'A     Oi    L',">     north,  and  loii;,'itiide  1 1'.i    .-|.">'  (Ml  '  west. 

rill'  soiitheiii  slioie  dl'  the  l>land   has  much  the  same  ;.'eiieial  chai.n'Ierislics  as  the  nortlierii, 

"West  siiiithuest  and  east  northeast 


i\i  I  pi  that  II  IS  mil  so  ininli  indented,      lis  pnmipal  direrli 


•-ixlcen  miles.  'I'lie  main  rid;:e  recedes  iVciiii  llie  ciia-.!  touinls  the  soul  li  u  t'slerii  |)ait  of  the 
ml,  and  thus  the  arroN  o>  comiii;,'  iipnii  the  coast  linr  are  Inn^^cr  and  peili.ips  deeper.  This  sonth- 
iid;:e  has  two  hiuh  jioints  III  ils  leiiylh:  l>'ai;;^ed  Moiiiitaiii.  t  liirleeii  hiiiidred  ami  tliiilviiiu^ 
!''  1">'  mil  111,  and  hm-ilmle    111'     !'•'   17"  west;   ,iml  «  eiitei-   .Mountain, 

."I'.f  .;il"  mirlli.and  loii<'itiide  llir  J.V 


I.. I    hi;;li,  in   latitude  .'l 

ihiitieii   hundred  and   se\enlysi\  I'eel    lii^li,  in   laiiimli 

II     uesl. 

'I'lie  sontliein  shoreline  has  niaii\  hi;;h,  jneeipitniis  heads.  Init  mnie  picijectin;;  very  pnuni- 
iieiitl\  nnt>ide  the  general  trend.  I'lieic  ;iie  ,i  feu  >mill  imleiiiat  ions  iliai  allord  a!ieliora;;es  for 
siii.ill  ciatl.  (til  the  uisteiii  pai  t  of  llii^  sniilh  >liii|e  lie^  (iilll  1  s|;iiid,  I  he  old  \  leal  (lankier  aroUIld 
llie  island,  elseu  here  de>ci  llied. 

When  a  vessel   i>  niV  roiiil    I. a:;  ilia  on   the  mainland   llie  eastern  end  ol  Santa  ("in/   Island 


iHS  w  liile  111  I  he  Iliiiinili;;   li;;lil. 
I'he  lliiili-iiiinijilni — The  island   is  a  ureal    lamli 


nai  U    111  com 


ill;;  trom  the  southward,  and  has 


held  water  close  under  its  shores.     'I'lieie  are   no  (iiill\iiiL;  dan],'ers  exci'pt  llie  (lull  Island  patch 
iisidcr  the  soul  hern  slioic  Ileal   the  S.inia  Cm,'  t  ha  unci.      The  lu  n  hundred  fal  liom  line  is  oiil\  two 


d  a  hall   miles  tiniii  the  south   sale  uf  the   island  uilli  a   liottom  of 


rreeli  s.iml.  'Meeli  in 


ml.  and 


u  >e  ;;ia\el.      The  tiH\    tatlinlil  line  a\era;.'es  iine  .Hid  a  half  miles  Irom  shore  o\  el'  line  ;;ra\  sand 


I  lid  lirokeii  shells.      I'liil  cl(i>e  under  (lull  i>l.ind.  u  it  Inn  los  t 


lan  a  mili'.  is  ,i  deep  .s 


iiliiiiiiriiii  rii 


llrji 


c.iir.Mii;^  four  hiindreil  ,»ml  thirty  lath s.nid  icichiiiu  into  the  Santa  (  rii/ ('liannel  parallel  witii 

llie  southwest  shore  uf  the   isiaml.with   over  one   hnmlied    fathoms.      In  this  deep  vallcv  appeals 
a  lili\  f.illiom  liiliK  one  .ind  .1  half  mlle^  s.n 


nil  liiim  (lull   Ulaiid. 


( In  the  noitli  side  oi    ihe   i^l; 


iml    the    lilt\   I  illiom    111 


i\e  axer.im's  two  and  a  hall    miles  fioe 


le,  and  Ihe  one  hundred  f.iiliiin 


1  cm  \  c  ,1 


liiiiii  il 


1 1 1'f  IN  lie 


A' //(.-Tliere  is  less  kelp  aioiiii  1  litis  l.ii_'c  inland  ih  iii   imiiml  aii\  of  the  others.     Tlie  recent 
cliail  of  Santa    liailiara   t 'haniiel.  piilili>lied    li\   llieCii-l   .iml  ( leodetic  Siiiv  ev.  ;;ives  its  details, 


"liii  II  arc  not  ea>il\  loc;ili/cd  in  descnptiiin.  e\ccpi  il 
lends  iitl    Ihe  sonthwest    part  of  Ihe    islan,!    tnr  one    1 


i.;er  lields.      .\  iiinilci ,i|(l\  lary:e  (ield  ex- 
Ill  le.  Ill  include  (lull    I  si. I  ml.  w  illi  deep  water, 


III  I  cell  to  twenty  tl\e  la  I  hums,  eh  ise  around  it.  I'lnv  iiiU  ilie  mn  ihuesi  ihis  field  narrows  to  a  eloso 
in^liiiic  line  III  Kelp  .iioiiml  the  sninhwest  ;ind  uesl  >ii|e-;  of  the  island  lor  nine  miles  to  I'oriiey.s 
('i'\e  nmlei  I'raser  I'mnl.  At  the  na  unwell  p.nt  hI  the  S. ml  a  Cm/  Channel  a  line  li'oin  this  kelp 
slielches  out  t  «ii  Mill  lis  I  if  a  mile,  em  In  aci  11;;  lunkeii  I  ml  loin  In  six  .1111 1  a  li.ilf  falhoms.      I'"iir  seven 


lis  c.isluard  of  Ihe   (iiill    Island    palcli    II 


no   kelp  Ian 


lull  at   Willcv  .\iieliiirai:e  a 


II. mow  liiirder  lie^iiis  and   eonlinues   tu  the  suiillieasl    point   ol   the    island,  iiicieasin;;  in  width  to 


lliiee  ipiailers  111   a  mile  oil    iheSli.iw    Audi 


ti'liiiins.      Ii  ends  ,i|   1 


le  siiiilhei  II    pill    111    .SmnjL;l 


Hid  lioidi  led  li\  depllis  ol    from  twenty  to  nine 
eis   ( 'ii\c.  sc\  ell    miles  frniii  X'allcv  .\  iicliiirai'e  ; 


I'lii  al  the  norlhi'iii  eiii  i.ince  iit   thai    cii\e.  and   thence  one  mile  to  and  amnnd  the  eastei  n  end  of 
liie  isl.iml  |,,r  two  miles,  a  narrow   line  of  kelp  skirls  the   shore,  with  lilleeii  to  twenty  live  fallnans 


Ip  111  il.      .Vlon^  the  w  lii.le  nm  lliei 


II    sllilll 


llie   ki'lp  line  Is  linikeii  up  in  short  strelches  very 


use  iiishoie,  ,tlid  lioidered  hy  depths  uf  In  Mil  ten  to  I  went, \   falhoms  of  walel 


/>. 


mills.  -  No  hidden  daii;.'eis  have  lieen  de\eliipcd  umlei  I  hi'  north  shore,  .mil  only  one  iinde 


the  .soiiili  shiiie,  known  as  Cull  Island. 


<»'((//  /v/<(H(/._'|'|||s  d.ni^er  IS  a  sin  ill  clii-tei  ul   .niih 


iiiu  islets,  line  ipiarter  of  a  mile  in  extent, 


.Mil;;  Ileal  l\   I  hiee  ipiaiters  of  a  mile   Irniii   sleu  e.  smii  h   of  llie  soul  hcnimost    part    of  Ihe   island, 


i  f%  n 


\'V 


>t^lJkt 


MG  rACIKIC    ('(lAM     Pll.oT. 

f<)urf«>oti  iiiilos  west  soiitlnvcst  (\VS\V.)  tViun  Sliaw  Aiitli(ir:i),'t' niitl  tliri'o  mill's  from  tin  soiii' 
imiiit.     Tlir  l.ir.:,'i>t  ami  diitri iiii'>i  dl'  tlii'M'  Kiikv  i>li'ls  i.s  kimwii  .i>(iiil|  iNlaiiil  ami  ilsoii 
lii'ifjlit  aiioM'  till'  SCI  IS  (iiu-  liiiiulrcil  ami  lil'l\    Ict't. 

The  };('(i;;raiilii('al  pusitioii  nf  tlir  siuitlnvcst  smiimit  ol'  (iiill  Iniaml  i.s: 

l,;iiiiii,l,' Xt       :>!•     :,l     north. 

l.m-itM.lr II'.'        r.t       .11,      »,.»(. 

A  lii'lii  "f  Utlii  foiiiinj.'  armimi  tin-  .soiitliwt-st  |ii;iiit  of  tlir  islaml  ^.Tatliiallv  stn  trlirs  olV 
until  it  siiirixiiiils  (iiill  Ulaiul,  riidiii;:  unr  inilc  t>i  tlu>  •'a>t\« anl  of  it.  l-'oiil  Itnitom  is  Imi; 
lut'tlialfly  siirromidiii;;  iln'  visihU'  lurUs,  ami  lu'lwnn  tlifin  ami  tiu'slioic  fnnii  »'i;.'ht  to  llii' 
a  (|iiaitt'r  t.iilioms  an- laiil  tlowii.  «>iii.-iili'  oldnl!  I.^iaml  the  wali-r  iit'i'|M'ii.s  ia|i)ill\  lot 
<'i;.'lit  I'atlioiiis  in  less  than  half  a  niih'.  ami  in  tine  mile  In  licivMrii  two  hiimlifil  ami  thtfr  Im 
l.illicms.  lu'iii;.'  pait  of  the  nariow  siiiimi.iinr  valley  lU'sciiiird  alioxc,  which  makes  in  ii. 
sniillieastwaril  alnii^'  the  siiiilli«est  slidfe  of  Santa  ('in/  Island. 

Ihuhdis  iiinl  AiK  hindfiis. — The  shores  of  the  island  ali'  imleiited  li.v  sevelal  small  Im- 
nniiieiniis  litiie  coves,  w  hicli  .illoid  aiichora^'e  to  sm.dl  ciatt  Ii.idiii;;  oi  seekiii;.'  slieltei-  from  - 
winds. 

I'risi'iiiis  lliirlhii, — On  the  iioitheiii  shore  of  the  isl.md.  and  lie;;innin;.'  just  east  of  lln' 
of  it.  the  nIiuic  makes  a  niodi"atcl,\  dee|i  curve   to  the  soiitliv\aid  and  eastward,  and  then  -  ' 
iciiiml  to  the  iioitlnNard   for  Ivo  mih's  under  the  oaslein  IichI,  foimiii;.'  .1  Inoad,  o|ien  hlhI 
The  leiifrlh  of  this  lii^iit  i>  ,il  ,iiit  loin  and  .1  h.ilf  miles  and  its  depili  i  \\  o  miles.     l-'oimeiK    ■ 
all  called  riisoiieis  llarlioi.  Imt  this  name  is  now  restricted  to  one  anchora;ie  only,  as  theif  .in 
other  .iiiciioia;;es  in  it.     The  li|;;hl   is  hioad  o|ven  to   the  noilli.  and  the  ea-terii  and  \ves\.  '"   ;   , 
inj;  sides  ale  \  er\   hif;li  ,iiid  rii;^;:cil  a--  well  .is  t  he  ;,Me.it  1  id;.'e  on  the  south.      'I'he  son  ml  in  u- 
a|i|<roaclies  ail'  bold. and  a  de|ith  ot   lil'tv   litlioms  is  t'oiiml  two.iml  a  half  to  three  miles  oil    - 
Imt  a|i|iroachiiii:  within  one  and  a   half  indes  olV  the  noiihea>t   shore  over  a  liottom  of  tin.   : 
sand.  mud.  and  luoken  -liclN.     The   loitv  fathom  curve  lie   fiom   one-half  to  one   mile  oil 
ami  ten  latlioms  can   Iw  ciiried   close   in   shore,      I  he    kelp   ev'emis   to   the  de|itli  of  tweii' 
fathoms  immediatelv  otV  I*risoner-<  Ilaihoi  .nid  no  Indden  dan.ers  have  Iteeii  dcvelojied  in  1; 

The  v.iiid  lieach  has  small  trees  or  shrill's  1  Ma  l\  a  ,  with  pine  trees  on  t  he  vNcstern  side  . 
harbor,  and  iion--  to  the  eastv\ard. 

The  anchora;.'e  I  it's  in  the  south  west  em  an;;le  of  this  luo.id    bi;;ht  ami  has  a    liehl  ot'  kc  ' 
ami  a  half  miles  Ion;.' diiectlv  in  front  of  it,  ami  reachiii;;  half  a  mile  outside  the  deepest  p 
the  cove.      It  is  ei;;lit  miles  fiom  the  e.isterii  point  of  the  island,  and  in   apploacliin;;   the   .n 
a;.'i'  lioiii  a  disi.iiice  it   cm   be    maile   bv  steeiiii;,'   for    the    lowest    point  in  the  rid)   "  of  liilN 
tiavcises  the  i^l.iiid  lioiii  iMst  to  west.      .Viiclior  on   the   i.in^e  o(   the  wliail   and    ,  lie  cotta-' 
abre.ist  of  the   lar;.:e  \vhl!e    lock  on  the    West  side  of  the    bi;:ht    in    ten    to    lifteeli    fatlioilis; 
boltniii.      .\    biiov     lie-,  nil    I  lii'    end    ot    the    wliaif   Willi    moo|in;.'s    suitable    lor    sclnxMicrs   01 
ste.iimis.      Ihe  ancli(ua;,'e  i>  .111  evcelleiit  lelii'.'e  in  southeast  weather,  .ind    lor   inodi'iate  w- 
weathei,  Imt  there  IS  no  pioie4'tioii  litmi   thehcivv  swell   setting  in  « it  h    a  stroii;;  iioilhwe-' 
is  (lan;;erou^  in  a   noithca-t  w  md  w  Inch,  howev  ei,  is  i.iie.      The  depth  of  w.iler  at  the  end 
wharf  is  between  lllleen  and  siMecii   leef. 

I'loiii  I'risomis  Harbor  the  Santa  It.iibara  Li^'lit  bears  mnlh  twenty  one  de;,'rees  west 
W.I.  distant  tweiiiv  one  miles. 

The  Point  llneiieine  Lixht  bears  north  fifty  nine  de;.Mees  east  I  N.  ,">!»  ]■].),  distant  fweni 
ami  three  <piarters  miles,  but  not  open  until  von  are  hall  a  mile  outside  tin-  k«'l|>,  as  the 
one  ami  one  <piarter  miles  inside  <  '.ivti  n  roini  iiits  it  olV. 

I  he  <  o;|st  amMieodet'c  Sin  \ey  second. ir.v  asiionomic.il  station  was  on  the  eastern  snl. 
fresh  w.itei  st ream  einptyin;;  into  I'ri.soneis  Harbor.     Its  j,'eo;,'r.ipliical  i»osition  is: 

'"itilinli- ;,4       ,,|       ||<|    -iii.rtl,. 

'""■tJltll.ll' 11;,  |(,        (Ml  ,v,.„|. 

Or,    I'l    tlllli' -  I.       !-,^ni     ||)| 

riiiiiiKr  l[iiil,oy.—\i\  the  Prisoners  II. irborbi-hl,  in  the  deepest  part  of  its  sontheaslei  n 
and  two  ami  a   half  miles  ea>»  of  Piisofieis    Ilaiboi,  i^,  a  lamlm;;  known  as  t'hine.se  lliiil-oi 

three  fathom  line  i,  1 lei.iielv   well  out  and  there  are  ro.'ks  within  that  depth.      It  is   ivp. 

Iw  a  kihmI  southeast  lee,  and  has  (resh  water  three  i|uarters  of  a  mile  to  tlie  eastward.  A 
ill  the  ma.ss  of  kelp  in  live  or  live  and  a  half  fathoms,  Cochie  Point  will  bear  north  tttem 
degrees  east  iN.  2'.»    W...  distant  two  mi'cs. 


■soli      1     ..       . 

M 

s  IdiiikI  .;,!      1 

Q 

It  tlilir  .ilhl 

III  l\\rllt\ 

Cf  IiuihIimI 

III    rioMl   llir 

ill    lMX.,,r.| 

tVdIll  »'lii|i„' 

•th.'; 

i 

liu'ii  - 

^■ 

1  lo.iii     . 

IH'llv    It  ",l» 

inr  ;llc  ttt" 

,S\,    ■•!      M.lll- 

(lin:;- 

•s  (ill           ■ 

(if  till.    J- 

loot! 

tVMMl' 

'il  III  i: 

.'i 

1    Slllc   r!     ":• 

m 

% 

of  kril 

ff^ 

•|)rst  |i.l!t  1  ! 

till'   ail'  li"i 

r  lulls  uii.i' 

I'll!  I:l;;i-.  .ili'l 
lOllls  ;    ^  i!;' 

'     V 

ITS    ul 

■ 

■atr  U"     ' 

J;.-'ii 

■tliwi-' 

('     Clltl   h'     ' 

M 

I 


SoiittiPBHt  ««i  .Ml.!,  sw.in  \v.  I  \V  .:i:tiiiil.-n. 


il  ■  f  1 


M:|,      !tf 


!»  iJ 


1,   (  <',' 


ill 


1 

lit 

.•««i 


S<o..the««t  ,.,,,1,  1,4-Jl  I.....  S\V   ,  S.,  ir  „nU.,.  lT..s,.nH,s  IlnrlMT.  s\V   i,  W  /Jit,,, ,  s.MtaCmi  W»n.l.W,407  1 


'11     -iitfr»«--     liiyMt., 


Pri»ouer'»  lUrbor,  Santa  Cru»  Inland,  SE.  a  miles. 


i'».  Santa Cnu  Inlanil,  2,407  feet. 


Northwest  .micI,  S\V.  by  W.  I  W.,  .'(3  mile 


V>-^  -. 


jL-?r  ,^-'- 


aula  Cruz  Inland,  8E..  2  miles. 


1:1IJ< 


VACiric    r'uAST    I'll.iiT. 


87 


I'lliiiin  /?rti/is  at  llu'  wcstfriiiiiosf  part  »( Ihc  rii^Mnnis  IIhIhh  liit;lil,  ami  oim'  anil  oiif-c>i;;litli 


llllIC-*   llil 


illivM'st  liv  west  (NW.  Ii\  W.)  I'niin    rii^ciiris  HmiIh.i.      V 


M'  wrstciii  tail  of  till-  ki'lp  lii'lil 
nt  iTiiluH  lien'.  Tlif  ••live  IS  a  very  small  imlfiitalioii  ot  tlic  In^li  >Imiii'.  anil  it  is  an  i»lK'n  roail- 
I  III.     Amlior  In  krlp  in  si\  tatlmms. 

7'i//'C  r.irc,  live  anil  a  liall'  mill's  nnrtli  si\|y  ili';;ii'rs  last  iN.  fin     l'..^  fioin  I'lisnmrs  Marl 


>i»r. 


I- .1  >iiii;i  Iittli- aiirlioia;;!' Ii>i  small  rialt  rxri-pt  in  iiiirlh\M'>t  wimN.  ||  hrs  on  tin-  nortliwcst 
^Ihur  of  tliorastiTii  lii-ail,  ami  aliKiit  hall'  way  lii'l  wiin  ('mliif  roim  amlCaMin  i'nint. 

Snrjiiiiii  Hiirhor  t)r  Hunt  Hiiil  Am  liiiiiiijr  \s  ;\u  it\n'\\  luailstrail  twi)  liiili'S  wrsi  of  tin-  iMSti'ltl 
1 1  'I  <>l  till'  islam!  ami  tliti>i>  ipiaiti-rs  of  a  inili>  i-ast  nl  favnn  rmiit. 

Tins  aiic!!ora;.'i'  lii's  nlV  tin-  mmitli  nf  a  sliai;;lit,  dii  p  ciimiii  nprniiiy;  ti>  tin-  noi'llii'ast  on  tlii> 
ii.iilli  tare  .if  tin' fastrrii  lirail  of  tin-  islaml.  Two  lorks.  |ii  I  to  ili,'  cast  wild,  mark  tin'  loralit.v. 
Till- r.iiMin  siTVi's  to  mark  tin'  plan'  from  a  ilistanri',  as  ii  is  t||.'  lii^t  lirrak  in  a  loiiu'  lini'  of  rlilVs 

n  lilill  rvlrml    siiiltllW  rsl  waiil  fur  si'Vrial  miles  low  aids  I'lisciiiris  llallioi.      ( >iir  i|ll,ilii'r   of  a  mill' 


>l»aid  till'  land  Jilts  out  in  a  lioid  piuinniitoiN    wliirli  riiiiii>tlir    iialiii 


d    slifltri  ol   this  a 


lirlior- 


a;.'!' a;,MHist  nortliwi'st  winds.  ( )iii' ipiai  tri  of  a  tiiili- !■!  thr  caslw  aid  and  tu  n  liiiinlird  varilsolV 
simrr  I  lii'ii' is  a  lai';;i' and  »i'll  niiikrd  i>li't.  Uuiiinl  K'nck,  wliiili  is  .-maliii  and  aliont  tlir  sami' 
di-iaiicf  liom  siniri'.  is  in  plain  si;,'li!  in  tin-  aiirlinia^i'.  Kifp  to  tin-  wrsiwaid  of  it  in  rntnin;; 
iiid  li'a\  in;:,  and  aiii'liiM' to  till'  iioi  III  wfst  iif  it  in  li\i'liisi\  latlioms,  oM-r  sands  liottom.  WatiT 
r.iii  III'  had  from  a  widl  nrar  a  house  In  ilir  ranmi. 

Tlii'ii'  is  no  shrlti'r  from  this  ainhuraur  Kiiind  t  he  !■  i^-t  pdiiil  of  t  lie  i>laiid  to  Siiiii;.'L;lrl's  ( 'ovc. 

Tlifi'i'  air  s('\  i-r.il  olhi'i  shrlti'fs,  moii-  or  Irss  iisctiil  tor  sin. ill  la  aft,  on  tin-  iioi  tli  sidi-  of  tin' 
i-laiid  to  till' wi'st  ward  of  I'lisinu'is  llarlior  ainl  rrlii.iii  liax.     'I'lir  pi  iinijial  nf  thi'sr  shrlti'is  an- : 

TiiiLir  lliirlmr,  two  miirs  wrst  of  I'lisomMs  llailidi:  ;;immI  fur  small  rraft,  I'MTjit  in  north 
«iiiils.  \  hi;;li  I  id;;i' I'oinrs  down  nil  its  wrst  sidiwillia  i  mk  nil  i  jjc  jiiulipnint.  A  |iatrli  of 
Inlp  rinse  in  slioti-  intis  hi'iiri'  oni'  inili-  wrst  to  I'l.ills  llailmi, 

I'lilth  llinhnr.  ihri'i'  miles  \\es|  of  I'risoliers  llailmr.  a  rallni  l,ll;:f  iii\e  «illi  rneks  nif  the 
ra-I  head,     'riiete  is  kelp  to  iheeast  and  west.      It  is  a    sniitlie.isl  lee.  and  has  Iresli  water. 

I'<nnt  liiiililii  .  I /i(7(iir(i(/i',  aliont  lonr  miles  wesj  ni'  I'lisniieis  ll.iilini  and  just  east  n('  I'ojnt 
i'   ililn.     It  is  small  l>nl  alloiils  ;,'ooii  aneliniaL;e  lot    small  ei.ilt  in  .ill  winds  exiept  lioni  llie  iiortli- 


,\  hiiiii  liniiliini.  niie  and  a  half  miles  uestu.ud  nt    Ihaldn  I'nint. 

I'liere  are  several   atii'liora;:es  on    the    sniilli    side  nl   the   Island.;; I   fnr   si  all  eralt    diiriiifj 

linl  III  west    weather,  and   the.\    ate  Ineati'il  as  tnllnw  s.  Iieuilililli;:  .It  the  eastel  n  end  : 

.Vv(i/i/(//j /.s  f  Vic/ .  -  This  aiiehnia^e    lies   one  and   one  ipiai  ti  r   miles   sniiihwist  (."sNN'.    from   the 

I'.lsti'l  lilliosi    point  ot    iheisl.ind.       It    is    a     Innad  npeiuii;;  nl    live  el 


letreats  one  ipiarter  of  a  mile,  tniinii 


lar-i 


;liilis  nt  a    mile  \\  heie  the  shore 
.pell    lii-ht  with    sand    lieacli.      The    i»elp  is   heavy 


.iiid  ihii'k  nil  the  northeast  III  the  ln;:hl.and  i'\tini|s  nne  ipiai  tei  of  a  mile  olV  slioie,  whilst  a 
I  ii:,'r  pa  tell  eMsts  at  the  southwest  point.  The  .ippin.nlies  tni  a  mile  are  in  litteeii  fathoms  wati'r. 
deriiasiiiM  \,.|\    i,'|-ailiiall\  to  live  lathoins.      It    is  ,i  p.nli.il  lee  in    iinilhues 


t  u  inds   and    has  fresh 


water. 


Tills  Sinii;,';,'li-rs  t'ove  must  not  he  eonfonnded  wiih  the  I'Maiiiid  nl  Sinii;;;:leis  ('n\eof  San 
<  leiiielile  Island, 

''^liivr  Ah'Iiiihiiii. — One  mile  oil  tin'  soiitheaslei  n  pninl  nf  the  isl.iml  and  I  liiee  mill's  .sonth- 
sniitheast  \SSI';.)  Ironi  the  easternmost  point,  an  aiii  hnia;;e  is  laid  dnw  n  on  leeeiit  Coast    Survey 


ails  in  nine  fathoms  over  a  liollom  of  Inoken  she 


I  n  this  pnsiiinii  the  i 


^t  end  of  the  island 


he.iisnnith   by  east  (N.  Ity    M.),  distant    ihiee  and   ihne  ipi.u  i  is  miles,  and  I  he  vv  est  end  of  Ana- 
lapa  hears  noitheast  liy  east  [SI..  I>,\    I'..),  distant    li\e  ami  a  h.ilt  miles.     Small  eialt   ran  anchor 

III  a  heaxv  Held  lioiii  one  half  to  nearly  one 


■alci   the  point  III  the  kelp,  which  stietehesnll    shon 


ihile  Inr  a  dist; 


nee  ol    lliree  miles  aidlllld   t  he  sunt  he. i  stem   pnili 


I  nf  the  Islaml. 


la//.'/  \  mil,, mill  lies  li\e  and  a  hall  miles  limn  the  sniitheast  pniiit,  on  Shaw  .\nchora;;i'.  It 
is  in  the  deepest  p.irt  of  I  he  Ion;;  elir\  lii^  of  I  he  slmic  tn  I  li.'  nnilliwest  iMtweeii  the  Shaw  .\nelior- 
a;re  and  the  middle  of  the  south  shoieol  the  isl.ind.  Tlie  wesleiii  tall  ol  the  kelii  line  from  Stlill};- 
V'lei's  ('o\e  ends  here. 


.llhirt  .1  >n7iiir(n/e  anil  Coc/i/is  I'li'lim  Aiirlmriijii  are  linlh  small,  t 


he  loiiiier  on  the  cast  ami  tlio 


!-itl'Ton  tilt'  west  siile  of  S,;ih<I(iI  I'oiiil.  which  is  a  siiiall.  sharp,  intlin;;  point  about   midway  on 
the  south  shore  of  (lie  island,  .seven  and  a  half  miles  from  its  sniitlieasi.  and  ei;,'lit  and  a  liiilf  from 


m 


88 


I'At  inc  (  u.\-     I'li.i'i. 


itNSimtlnvi'xl  |i(iiiii.     A  liirpTaiul  Itoltl.r  pDiiit  hfx  oiu-  mili-  minlliwcst  liilf  west  (S\V.  A  \\     n,,., 
St'illiil.ll  I'oilit,  IhiI  It  li.i^  lii>  iMliMi',      UkIIi  iIicsc  iinrlmi. !;:(•<«  ;iic  l>ici.ii|  i>|hmi  to  llir  Miulln'.i>l 

.l/(()(ii'.>  .I'll '('n<i'/(.— On  ilif  ,M>iillic;i>l  lin'c  111'  S,iiii,iriii/.  lol.iiiil,  t  wn  IliinU  ol  tlit>  ili-;  i„, 
from  llif  iisli  Ml  |><'iiil.  iiiil  tliifc  iinl  iMif  li.ilt'  iiiilcs  i.isi  iiiiitlir.i>l  ri.xii  <  lull  l>l,iiiil.  tlitii  i-  i 
Hli):l>t  iiiilriil.ili.iii  111  tli«'  slitiii'  liMi'  at  tlic  iiioiiih  111  ii  ili't'|i  c.iii.iil.t,  wliicli  iii.ilxo  out  In.  -i, 
liorlliwof.  A  lii;.'li,  li'Uiiiliin;  licul  Ioiim--  llir  mhiIIum^I  miIc  hI  iIh  iinUhlatiiPii;  llic  t  ii>l  -  ,\r  . 
liiiirkiMl  l».v  twii  iiiii>liT.ili'l,\  Iii^rli  links,  whicli  mtii  rrmii  llic  hhiii  ii"  inl  lnoU  IiUi-  .i  l.ir;;c  liii\-:.i,, 
Vroiii  till' fiiilxs  111  till-  "ratlin  >liiiii'  Ilic  ili>t,iiii'r  IS  altiiiit  t«ii  liiiinlii'il  .\  :iiiN.     Tlif  liiaili    ■    -i, 

iniuT  *iili'  III  llir  iiivi-  i>  liiii'  s.uul,  ami  iii  ordiniii)  ii(irlliwi"«i  «ralli«r  llu'  wairr  is  wry  si 

tlif  lamliii^:  I'm  IhmIs  i>  ;:iii>i|, 

ll  IS  umImuiimI  a  |ia>-.i!pli'  anclioia;.'!'  I'm  Miiall  iial'l.     It  lirs  t\Mi  ami  .1  i|iiartrr  iiiilr>  \M'-i 
Wt'St  froiii  Ilii'  aiii  li'i|.i;:r  III  Ciiiliiis  riiil.i^.  aiiij  l«i«  ami  t^n  tliiiiJN  mili"'  «  r^l  111   Sramlal   I 

Till' lii;;li  jiiiiiil.  mif  ami    1  liair  iiiili's   In  llir  ia«f  iim  tlif. I'^t,  1^   tin'  mmvn.ihI   ImmuI   Sii.h:    ,1 
I'lMk,  wliu'li  IS  twrhf  liiimli'nl  I'lTi  iiitili  at  mil\  li.ill   .1  iiiilr  inl.iml. 

I'nsn  AiiihnriKjr  lii's  jiisi  fa»i  nl'  ami  iimirr  I  In'  .-milli  wr^l  |iiiiiit  nl  tlir  iNJaml,  a  in  I  at  llu      .11 'ii 
«>as|  I'litiainr  to  tin'  .'^aiila  ('m/  Cliaiiiirl.      1 1  is  tilV  tlii'  iiimitji  <i|  a  Imi;:.  Inu.nl  ari.ixn  rmiiih.  1 
till'  nm 'lii'.i>t.      Tliric  IS  ki||i  lii'ii.  ami   lallicr  Imil   lintiuiii.     It  1^  liri'.nl  ii|irii  In  tin-  snni;   t.. 
Fiuiii  tlii->  imliiir.i;:i'  (lull  InI.iiiiI  luar-"  last  N.iiillii'asi  ,  |',>l'.),  ili-i.ini  |«ii  ami  .1  liall    mili-, 

I'll  null's    (nit    lll'>    llllcil'l     till'   Sillllll    sllllll'   III     till'    \M'^!('rll    I'VllI'MlllS    III     tin-    j."!   lllll,    Willi    till     1     .' 

riil;;i'  (iiic  inilr  in  tlii>  iimlli.  'I'liis  nnl  nl'  tin'  jsjaml,  lirlii;:  almiit  niii'  ami  a  li.ill  iiiilrs  Inn  i.'  I  i. 
I  wo  |iiiiiit-  —  Wist  I'liiiit.  « 111'  ll  is  ilir  iiiirili\M>'i.|ii  1 11 II II I  .11 II I  i|iiiir  1 11  ill  I.  .1111 1  I''i.ivii  I'm  II  I,  i '  , 
is  a  low  |iiiiiit  siiciiliiiij;  III  111  llif  iiiii  ■lir.i^tri  II  |i.irl  nl  tin-  nitiaiiri' to  llif  .""^iMia  i'lu/.  (I.  1;  .' 
Aliiiiil  mil'  null'  ta>l  nl  tins  |ioiiit.  in  a  irii'iliii;;  of  tlii<  >limi.  Iiiir,  is  I'm  iii'\  ">  (  nv  c,  w  ln-ir  \  ■  -^1  ■• 
111'  III  >af('lv  fioiii  all  iioitlicilv  wiiiiN.  TIm-H'  i>  a  lir.iv  \  >iirf  mi  tlic  lifacli.  Inil  at  tin-  am  li.i  1.. 
tlic  swell  IS  lirokiMI  'i\    a  riick\    \*]r\    almost    lill\    Iit!   1iij;Ii,  ami  rolllirrliil   witli    tlirslinli'  li\    .1  in' 

of  siiiallii  links,  .\iirlim  III  IJM'  l.iiliiiiiis.  Willi  till'  Mllltll(•llllno^l  of  iliiii  io(k.\  islci>  I.I  .1  ■: 
Holl|li«r>t  S\\  .  .  ilislaiit  mir  (•i;;lilli  of  ,i  ini||..  I'loni  tills  |in\.  |ii  i  v|irl  III;:  ;io|iit  liii-  liloail  -  ■  .'li 
wi'sii'iii  |i.nr  ill  till,  isjaml  lies  sniitlicast.  .iml  its  laillu'st  |ioiiil.  m-ai  l*ii>a  .\mlim,i;^i-,  i.s  Im.  ii<: 
a  li.iif  mill's  liislaiil. 

l-'rmii   ."sail    I'l-tliii    l'(iii!l.  at  till'  rasinn   i'\t  nMinty  of  Santa   ('iir    'slainl,  tlif  S.int.i    I'.   ■■.1, 

I,i;;lit-liiiiisi'  liens  nmili«r-l  half  imrlli  .  N  W.  A  N. ;,  .lis'aiit  twfiilv  I inilfs,  ami  rmiil   llm      ■■ 

la;;lit  liniisf  III'. lis  mnllifast  \\\n  tlnnls  last  (Nl'",.  .;  l-',,  ,  cjisi.int  si\  ciilfiii  niilis. 

I'loin  Wist  I'miit,  llif  Wf.stfin  f\lifinil.\  nl   tin-  islaml.  I  lif  ."S.nita   l'..iili.ira    l.i^ilit  lioiisi     ■     - 

iimlli  tliiitffii  ili';.'ifi's  I'lst  (N.l.t     I'..',  ilisi.iiit  i«fnl\  ,iml  a  ll  ill' niilfs,  ami   I'oinl  ('mm    • 

Iji;;lit  lioiisc  lie. lis  iinrtli  si\|\  ti\,.  ami  a  li.ilf  i|i  ^iifs  uest     N.  ti.M     W.  .  ilistint  lliiitv   Iim        •- 

Tlif  .\iiai'a|ia  l'.issa;:f  lifs  liftoff n  ilif  fa stf in  I'lnl  of  tlif  islam  1  .iml  A  ii.ii'.i|ia,  ami  is  ili-^.  ■     ..: 
on  payf  ll."*.     '!"!  f  Santa  ( 'm;-  ( 'li.iniifl  lifs  hfi  .mch  tlif  sonlhwfsi  facf  of  ihf  islaml  ami  tlif 
cast  faff  "'!  Santa  llns.i.  .iml  is  di's,  iilifd  mi  p  i;.'is  '.is  .mil  !i!». 

I'lilisdl  rrinniitrs  Iliirliin.—'VUv  (  mrfiifil    l-lstalilishnif  nt.  or  iiifaii  iiitfival  liflwcfii  llu   ■ 
of  tin-  iiKMiii'.s  transit  ami   tin- iinif  ol   Inyh  w.iifi.  is  I  X'  'Ci"  ;   ilif  niciii  1  isf   ami  t.ill  of  il>.        ■• 
i«  llllfi'  ami  SIX  tfiitlis   Iff!,  of  s|iiiii;;  tiilfs  siv  lift,  ami  i.|'  iif.iii  Inlfs  oiif  ami    lliiff  Ifntli-  ''<\ 
fill'  avcta;,'f  iliiralimi  of  tlif   iisf  is  ."i'  .iCi'  .  of  tin-  fill  .",    y,   ,  ami   tin-  slaml  n     HI    ;   tin-  .im    1^' 
ililffifiiff  in  tlif  lifi;:lits  III  llir  mmiiiii^  .iml  aftfiiiomi  tnlfs  m  tji,.  s.nnf  il.i\  is  mif  ami  two  !.•!•- 
ffft  till  llif  lii^li  walfis  ami  iiiif  ami  t'i;;lit  Ifiillis   ffft  |,ii  tlif  Ims   v\atfis;   I  lie  ,i\  f  luyr  ilnl 
of  thf  hi^hfst  hi-h  ami  lowest  low  waters  ol  the  s.inie  ila>   is  iIm   ami  mie  h.ilf  feet  ami  llu 
est  ililffriiiif  IS  sfXfn   Ifit. 

Toolitain  Ihf  liiiifs  ami  lifi^lits  of  eaeli  lii-li  ami  low  water,  tirst  take  Irmii  llie  Tnle  I     "- 
for  the  r.intie   Coast    the   tiliifsaml    Inmlits   fm-   San    I  >if  ;;ii.  .iml  llieii  to  olilaill  the  I  liiif  ■■'   '   - 
walfr    nlitr.ii't    Imir   iniiiiitis.  ami  to  iilii.nii  ih,.  tinif  of  |ou    watii    siilitraet   ei;,'hl   niiiiiites;   .  ■  ••  ■ 
tain  the  lifi;,'lit  nf  lii-li  walfi    >iilitiaft    tliiif  tf litlis  of  a  lout,  ami    ihf   hfi-lil  of  low   watii     •  '  '■ 
same  a.s  at  .s.m  I»ii';;o. 

The  latest  ,ii,,ii  ..f  the  islaml  is  the  Santa   llarli.ira  (Mmiiml  slifrt  of  I  ssj,  |iiili|islifi|     .  lli' 
Coast  ami  (ifoilftif  Snrviy.  in  which  all  ihf  ilit.iils  of  |ii|iii-i,i|iliy  ami  li\ilr.i-ia|i|iv  are;;. 

This  islaml  was  iliseo\  iieil  in  l.M'J  liv  Calirillo.  who  n.inifil  it iimntlv  wilh  Saiila  K--      ' 

Islaml.sof  S.in  I. mas.  Allfr  Ins  .If.nh  I'frifj.i  m..ii,.,|  thf  islaml  ami  ii.'imeil  il  S.m  S.il 
apiiare'itlv  lorL'fttin-  ih.it  S.mta  latalin.i  h.nl  lifii  so  naiiifil  li\  his  pre.leeessor.  The  I 
liaiiit'  WiiN  Mmii,  or  Liiniin,  ami  there  were  ei;;lit  Imliaii  villages  iipoii  it. 


I'Ai'irir  citAsr  ni.nr. 


h'.t 


ll  III    l«! 

till'  ili>:  :„. 
<l.  llll'lt    l>  I 

lilt     li'iiin  III,. 

'     I.I  ■•I    shll'     . 

rye  lii)\  "III  I, 
lir.K  ll  I  'I  , 
\  >liiiif'  '     1    , 

'H  west  -. 
I'iiiiil.il  I 
ot  Sii. 

■  It  till'  -.;;•; 

rnllllll.  I' 

If    MilltlrAi  -i 
I'    llilli'J>, 
rtllli  till'  I,;:'. 
I'H  li|ii;iil,  ll  !.> 

I'l.ilit.  »l,;.'i 
111/  CliiMiil 
«  III  Ir  \  I  -,i ., 
Iir  Jlirlii'l.i.i' 
lull  ll\  .1  In  ' 
lslrl>    liiMl  n: 

iitiiilil  ~<i  I'll 

I',  i.s  tivi    ,iii'; 

lilt. I  r. !■   .:. 

lilt      II.:' 

llUll^l         .         ■ 

(  'mMi  ■   ,  •    ■  ' 

I  \     lUl     ■        '• 

!>.!,-      :...: 

Ill  till'        :■: 

•ell  till  ■  '■  ' 
I.I  til.  ■  'I.- 
t.'Illll-    ■"  '. 

till'    .1 

ij    HM.  •. 

:r  ihtl  ,■    ■■ 
III.        .v 

Till.'  I  ■'" 

I  iiiir  I'l  '.  : 

I  lltr>  ;  '  "  ■ 

w  .ilil  •  I   '■ 

i,>lii'.l  '   .  ll" 

I.I  i;-    li"' 

111  S.il  -l'". 
Tlir    I     iMll 


III  lliti'w'  it  uus  iiiiiiicil  l.shi  (Ir  S.  Aiiiliio.Mii  l>\   \  i/i'iiiiiii. 

Till'  imIiiiiiI  icrt-ivi'il  its  pn-si'iit  iiaiin-  Innn  i»iiii  .lii.tn  I'lic/,  mi  tin-  ilili  nl'  Miinii.  177  I,  wliiii  in 
till- ll  i;;. Ill-  .Vl'i'i".'/",  ami  IS  tif.sriiln'il  !•>  iiiiil  iis  tlic  l.ii;;i's|  ;iiiil  liii;lic>t  uf  I  he  ;;n(ii|i,  ami  ill- 
li.il'itnl  Ity  ImliitiLS. 

I.SI..\Ml    I.I     N\N  I  \     ijos  \. 

I'liis  JK  tiii'lliinl  isliimi  nl'  tlii'  ;,'niii|i  (lir('i'il.\  oil  tl i-i   i.t"  S:iiit;i    I'.ii  !>iira  iiml   |><ii'alli'i 

till  ii'u  iili.  It  I.s  a  ;:i>iiii  i.iiiiir.ill,  lii'iiiu'  N  i-'il'li'  III  III  I  a  ilist.iiirr  lit  I'm  t\  rmir  mi  Irs.  'I'lir  iiiitiiiiiMit' 
llii>  l^l.lllli  is  I II  ill  I,  ;lliii  illtliiiiuil  mil  Nil  lll;;ll  .IS  .'^.ilil.i  (in/  1 1  |.\li|li||s  liiuili'IMliI  \  riiiiiiiliil  liilltiips 
I'vfiliiliiij,'  till'  wliiili'  irii;;lli  itf  ||ii>  i'«l.tiiil  ami  rl'iii;;  (ixi'i  mil'  tlmiis.iiiil  I'i'il.  tin-  ;;ii',iti.sl  cli-valjiiii 
Iiiiiil;  tilti'i'ii  iiiiiiilri'il  ami  Hi\t.v  I'liiir  I'i'i't  ali..\i' tin' m';i.  'I  liirr  an-  im  l,ii;;i'  tni's  mi  the  i.vl.iiiil, 
lull  It  IS  will  watrri'il  ami  i'umti'iI  witii  ;:iass  ami  iirili.i^i'.  Sciiili  i.,il»s  ami  |iiiii's  in  >,iiall  clniiiiis 
ail'  lull  ml  111  till'  j;iil(lirs  ami  mi  (lii-  smith  .s|ii|ii'  ul'  thr  lull'-.     Tin'  >limi'-  air  Imhl,  rnclxV,  ami  liiuli. 


illi  till- <'\i'i>|itii>ii  III'  ( 'liaiiml   nrSkniiK    I'.. int.  vvliir 


tUi. 


.iml  a  li.ilt'  inili's  iii.ith«r>l  .NW, 


liniii  ihi'  I'Xtii'mc  I'astriii  |imiit  ot  tin-  I- 


.Mill. 


'I'lii' ;;i'iiiTal  .^llap^  III'  till'  iil.imi  is  that  ul'  ,i  |iai.ill(lii;,'iam  \n  it  h  tlir  ilnirunn  i.f  thr  Imixri' 
iiM;.'i)iial  I'.ist  ami  wrst,  ami  its  li'ii;,'lli  tuiirtrin  ami  a  li.ilt'  nil  Irs,  'Ihc  >lim'iri' ilia;:iiii.il  is  njiiraml 
iiiii'lliiiil  mill's  imi;.'  ami  Ih's  iimtli  iiim>  (li';;ii'rs  I'.i.st  ami  smith  iiiiic  lh';:l^l■^  \M'>t  iN.'.i'  ILaiiil 
S. !'  \N  . '.  'I'hi'  mn  th\M'-'t  mlf  is  a  sli;;htl,\  imiriiliil  >liiii('  Jiiii'  uf  tmi  ainl  ,i  h.ill'  iiiilo  >mitli  >i\ty- 
livi'  ili';;ri'rs  wi-st  uinl  iimtli  .mxIv  IIm-  (ii';,'ri'i's  i'.i>t  i."^.  ti."i  W.  ami  N.  ll.'.  V..\.  Almi;,'  thissidr 
tlii'ii'  is  a  |iiati'aii  lisin.u'  Ki'ailiiiill>  IVmn  tin*  isIl^i'  nl'  the  liliili'  to  tin-  I'lmt  ul'  till'  niuiiiii.iiiis.  it  is 
tlin  r  liiimiri'il  ami  I'm  f  \  I'li't  aliu\  i'  tin'  si-a  ami  iiit  li\  niimliris  ul'  ili'r|i.  .s||.ir|)  -nlilics  u  hiih  inaki' 
ill. » II  liuin  thr  inmiiitains  ti>  till' M'.i.  .M.iiiy  iif  tlii'sc  rmiiain  mvri  I. iiliii;,' stirain^  uf  rli'.ir  watrr. 
iiitliurstrl  II  .siili-  III'  till'  i-^l.imi  is  iii',iri\  .vli.n^lit,  ami  niiii'  ami  a  li;i!t'  inilrs  Irnii;  nmlli  liltV' 


Til. 

Ii\  I' ili';.'ii'i's  w.'st    ami  smith   tirt\  ti\i'  i|i';;iirs  I'.i-t  (N. 

siMii  inih  .s   lull'',  in 


W 


ami  .s.  ... 


I'.    .     Tl 


II'  smilli  .siih'  i 


ail.N    ■>tiai;.'ht,   \Mth    liuhl,  |ii;.'h    liliitV>  riit    \< 


•\i.  .••Ii.ir|>.  II  ir^nlar  j;iililn' 


Tin-  .>n-.i  lit'  till'  islami  is  aituiit  mn'  hnmliril  M|ii,iir  staliiti'  inilrs. 

Iljlilrniiriiiiliil. — Till'  u.itii  aiiiiiiiil  tins  jsi,iini  i-  nut  mi   Imiil  a>  aiuiiml  tin-  ullnr  i^lamls       i'ln' 
ili'|itli  raii;:rs  from    Imiiti'i'ii   tu   thniv  -iv    lathmiis  \x  iilim   a  ili.-.laiii'i'  uI'Ivmi  iiiilr>,ami  tlii'liliv 
f',iilniiii  iiiii'  is  iii'arl.v  t'mir  inilrs  Irmii  t  In'  iim  I  h  ,«*liurc  ami  ti\  u  iiiih'>  t'rmn  tin-  .smitln'a.>t  I'ai'i'.     <  Ml 
till*  Siiiilli    I'liiiit  it  coiiH's  \\  itiiiii  a   inili' ul'  tin*  slmrr,  ami   tl iir  liiiinlri'il  t'atlimii  riirvr   ismily 


twii  ami  a  iialt'  iiiiii's  nlV.     Tin-  I'l   ii'i.il  I'h.iiailrr  ul'  tin-  liultum    is   linr 


,'i:i\    ••ami 


liiiik 


I'll      Slll'IIS, 


riri'ii  mill 


ami 

111  till"  Santa  Cm/ Chaiiml,  tl)  till' I'a.-t  nl'  thr  i>l,iiiil,  ihi-  ili'|ith   ranurs  I'rmn  t\M'iil,N    tu  tliiiiy 
futliiiins  n\rr  ;>l'av  .sainl  ami  Inukrii  shrlU,   rMijit  at   tin'  smilhi'i  ii  I'liliaiiii',    \\  iirri*   t  in'  iii'ail  ul'  a 
I  Biiliiiiaiiiii'  \  aili'\  |ii'iii'trati's  l  hr  rh.iiinrl.      In  I  In'  ilcjil  Iin  ul'  tins  \  allrv  tin'  liutimn  is  ^'ici'ii  in  ml. 
in  till'  San   Mi;,'llri   l'.l-<sa;;r.  tu  till'  \Vi'>I   ul    till'  l^l.ili'l.  'Ill'  ih'|itli  iaii;,'i's  t'r  nil   lillci'Il  h.        .'Ill\ 
|fatliiiiiis  iiMT  tiiii'  KiaN   sami  ami  Inukii!  slnlU. 

lulp. — 'I'hi- ^.'irali'r  pal  t  nl'  till'  shmi' nf  tins  i>l.iml  is  limimliil  li\  ki!p.  liri'luT  I'.a\ .  I.\  in;; 
Uii'lwi'i'ii  <",iiriii;,'tmi  i'uiiit  ami  riiaiinrl  i'uini,  li.is  a  ruinp.irl  liiii'  itt'  it  twu  mili's  Imi;,'  ami  mii'- 
[tiiini  III'  a  iiiih'  briiaii,  with  a  small  p  tli'li  nil'  tin'  iimtli  |iiiinl  i  it'  tin-  .Smiilnasi  .Vin'liuiai.'i'.  iifanni 
jl{i'rt,  imrtli  111' ("arriii;;tmi  rmnt,  iiis  nmir;  lint  iimli's  K'i'i  I,  t  liii'r  ami  mii'lliii.i  iiiilis  in  urst- 
IBniitliwi'st  i  W.SW.)  nf  <  'an  iiiu'lnii  I'niiit,  Ims  a  small  p.ilrli  miisnlc  ul'  it.  Thii'i'  ipiarh'is  ut'  a  iiiili- 
iwi'^twaiillv  rrmii  liiurkw.iy  I'miit  a  vnv  cuiiipart  tirhl  nf  ki'lp,  mii'  iiiih' in  Inrailt  h,  lir;;iiis  ami 
[runs  tivi' inilrs  to  Sainly  I'niiil,  with  Imir  tu  ri;,'lit  I'.illiuius  tiiruii;,'li  il,r\ri'pt  at  Tali'ott's  .Shual  ; 
latnl  iiiitsiiit?  of  tlii.s  lii'hl,  two  ami   tiiri-r  ipi.ii  tri  s  mil 


•s  iinrtii  Miirllir.ist  (NNI!.)  frmn  Saml>   i'uiiil 
ami  liiiir  iniU-.s  wost  lialf  smith  (  \V.  A  S.)  Ir  mi   lliurkway  I'uiiit,  is  a  lii-tarin'il  tirhl  mn'  ami  mic- 
taitiT  mill's  lowjx  l>y  oiu' tiiinl  nf  a  milt'  Inoail,  parallel  w  iih  tin- slimi'lii'lil.     Nnilain:eris  laid 
Jnwii  ill  tiiis  niitlyiii;;  lii'iil.     Oiitsnli'  Sainly  Tuiiit  the  kelp  slii'ti'lii's  iieai'y  half  a  iiiili'  into  Ilii" 


3uii  Mi;;iu'l  Passu;;!'  to  tliirtei'ii  ami   tifteeii  fatiimns  uf 


w.lter,  s\vee| 


iiii;r  tlieni'i"  arunml  the  .suiitii- 


rest  lariMif  the  islami   fur  nine  ami  niie  tlniil   miles  tu  Smith    I'uini,  where  it  is  i'lii>e  iiinler  tin 


ilime,  anil  tlieiifi'  ••oiitiiiiiiii;'  clnse  iimler  the  sli 


i\  ami  a  half  mil.'s  tuwards  Mas!    I'niiil.     (MV 


Ju>  lowiT  part  of  tlio  soiitliwost  faci'.  from  .Saiid.\  I'uint  sunt  lieas!  ward  ly  fur  m\  miles,  the  outside  uf 
Uie  kel|>  line  lies  a  mile  ntV  sliure  to  ten  ami  lifteeii  lathmns  <A'  water,  with  the  Itee  l.'m  k  and  iJeef 

fitliiii  il.s  limit.s.  Tliciieo  for  tiiree  ami  a  half  miles  tu  .'^unlli  I'miit  tlie  kelp  keeps  elnse  nmler  the 
ihori- Willi  Hix  to  ten  ratlumis  of  water  almi;;  its  niitei   i'il;;i'.     I'loin  Smith   I'uint   tn  within  two 

»il»'«  of  Ka«t  Point  the  kelp  I'oiitiinies  elose  under  thesliore  in  from  live  tnei;,'ht  fathoms  of  watiT. 


:i  yj' 


!tf  I- 


90 


I'M  inf  i"A^r  I'll  "I. 


ri 


\     1 


.liiliM^MiH  l,(i«  IH  iiohlc  llil>  k<  Ii>  lull'  ill  it>  lM.a.li>t  |.Mit  oiii-  mile  r.i^l  of  S.Mlli    I'.. int.     « •'    1 
Point  till-  k.lii  l.H  stl.i;;;;lini:  l'"i   lliiic  .|ii.ilii  i>  of  a  mil.  ,  ;ini|  li.ix  II  MMirh  I.m.i  |r.|;;i.  m  II- 

orii  limit,  inail.N  li.iH' a  null' oH  ^Imn- ami  iw  ilni.!-.  o|  ,i  inili- ttom  r..i-l  I' t. 

SiUflii  /^'IM^— Tin-  \M»l«iii  I" 'I  111  of  ilicishiii.i.  Known  .i*  .S.in.l\   I'lMiit,  I  if.  m>tili  M'vniiv 
t|f;:ii'fH  c.i-t  I  N.  7>     i:,  trolii  lliiMM-tiTii  point  of  Sill   Mi^iirl.  \mIIi  I  lir  S.ili   Miun.l   I'.ist.i-i 
iiiilc«t  Willi ,  IhUmtii  tln-iii.     S.inil\   roinl  i-  iiiiMlci,ilfl\  liol.l  .iml  i"<  Un  .  witli  -li  l.n  In  ij  io.  1,    .     . 
(itV  It. ami  ?«.iml  tlnm-s.  Irarlnn;;  loin    liiimln.l   !■  •  t   cI.  \  ain.ii.  ii>\  n  inn  one  or  l"o  .si|ii,n. 

iiilami.      riu>«'  \>  Inl"'  >ainl  clniifs  in-  a  m.irl.t"!  l«Mtiiii-  of  tlii'<  jioint  «lnii  loi ;j  liom  tli. 

waiil.     l»r<  |i  « .iiri.  iioiii  till  lo  iiliiiii  failiom-*.  ii  loiiml  oil  tin-  i»«iiiit  ontMilf  lln-  krl|i  lin. 
is  williin  .1  i|iiait«i  of  .1  mill'  of  t!ir  rMniniiv  of  llic  I  ami.      In-nli-  tin-  kfl|>  lino   tlirir  i- 
Cloliml.      Till'  ;:i'o;.'ia|illlral  |«os|!io||  of   lliis    |iollit   i-,  l.llllinli'  .(I      "Ml'  (l.i      noitli.  lo|i;;ilinii'    ; 
IMI      Wi-t. 

Till'  Soiiih  I'oini.  »o  nami'il  on  llir  rli.irt.  is  liro.ul  .iml  loiiinlin;.'.  « illi  ,i  Mull  I oin-  1 

iVct  alioM-  I  In'  M'a.  .iml  n«rs  to  lour  liumlicil  ami  m\I>  IitI  i'lt'\alion  williiii  l«i>  liiimlii'il   i 
vaiiU.     On   il-  >oiitli  ami  \vi'>ti'il\  Lin'  il  is  iii.iil.iil   li>   li.ilf  .\  inilr  of  hlnliii^'  Mulls  mm  i  , 
drill  Iri  i  liiuli.      I'lific  IS  a  iriiiu"''  of  ki  Ip  i  lo^r  nmli'r  tin-  I'lilN.  Iml  ilri'|i  w.itir  oiii>nli'  oi 
p'o;;iaiiliH' al  |iositioii  i».  laliliiilc  •'■      ■<  <    in     iioi  lli.  loii;:itinli'  I'-'i    Hi    IJ'\m-I. 

('■iniinih'H  l'"iiil,  till'  iioitli  jioinl  of  till-  InIiiiiI.  i  ■.  tiiri'c  i|iiai  tcis  of  a  iiiilr  liiii.nl  to»  u.i>ii.i- 
iiortli.  liolil  ami  rMii.v.aml  ii«i'>.  to  four  inimln-il  ami  foiiv  fi'ft  cli'vation  witjnn  .t  inili'.  I  ■■ 
siiiiili  »i'\t'iil\  oiir  ilc;:irrs  \M  st   i  S.  7 1     \\'..Ni\  ami   tliii'i' c|iiail('ts  milrs  liiim  \\  i  s|    I'.. 

imrtliwi  striii  I il  of  .S.uit.i  I  1 11/    Ul.iinl.     Il  loiiiii  till- iioitliN\i'>l    I il  III   till-  mil  ill  i'iit| 

till'  S.inta  Cm/  (  hannrl.  « Im  li  lii'>  lift  «r»>ii  tins  ami  ."^ani.i  <  i  ii/.  NIamls.  'I'lii'ii'  is  incl,  \ 
aloil^'  till'  I  Mil  ill  laif  of  t  '.II I  III  ;^  lull  point.  \\  illi  r.iai'oii  Ki  I  r  1\  ill;:  iim  I  li  li\    wi-l  oiii'  ijiiii  i< 

N.  li\   W.  \  \\  .  i  oiii- lliiiil  of  a  III  II'  ili->l.inl.      Till'   ;;i'o;.'ra|iliiral   |iii-iliiiiiof  ilir   |i<iiiil  i>, 
.il     nj    O.l     liollll.  lon;;ilmii'   IJH     II."  ;L'      \\i-.t. 

« >iir  hall'  null'  MHitliwuil  i.f  t  "ai  i  iii),'ton  Pmnt  !■«  a  -nMll.  inilin;:  |ioiiit  r.illi'il  ^,.|/.■^ 
will'!!'  Iirolxi'ii  |ialrlii'>  of  kil|'  Il -^111  ami  run  into  tin-  Kim-  Milr  l!i;:lil  oi  KitImi  |!a>.  1 
;;oih1  watrr  i'Iom'  iimlir  till'  |ioiiiI,  Iml  ioi'l,\   liullom  in  tin- ki-lji. 

(Iinninl  <<v  si  Hill,   I'll  ill  I,  1>  Hi;;  two  Mini  a  lialf  lnili>  not  I  liwrHl  «  al  •!  I  mm  I  lir  o.isli  in  i  \ 
iif  till'  iol.iml.  In  liiw  :inil   loi  inril   li,\  iliillin;;  >  i'hI,  w  ith  a  -In  1 1    s.iml   ln-.irli  to  liii'  wi'-l  \«  i 
lirailv  luo  mill's  of  saml  lii'.irli  to  iJn'  sontlir.istw.iril  tovv.irils  Past  Point.     Tin'  s.ilnl  iliiin 
two   liillnllril  anil  liflN   t'l'i'l  I'li'Nalioii  with  .i  low    iiitU    liiliiml  thrm.      .\   \i\\    loil.s  hr  nil   IL. 
iii»iili'  till'  thri'i'  l.iihoiii  li.ii'.      TlnTi'  i-  no  Url|i  oil    this  |i  nnl,  Iml   inoilrlali'l.N  ilii  |i  wain  ■  ' 
till'  --.iml  lir.icii. 

This  point  i'lintrai-ts  tin-  .Sani.i  I'm/  (  hanm-l  to    u\r   milfs.  ami  thr  In-ail   of  iIm'  m. 
v;illi'\   IS  ill  mill  I'liaiini'l  jii-'  .iliii'a-l  it. 

I'list  I'miit   Is  till'   rasliin    i\tlrinit.\    of  tlii'    i-.lani|.       It     i--    iiioilrl  alil\    lii^li.    -Iiaip,    .i 
W  ilh   \i  I  \   liiTp  w.ili-r   nil    iInimsI     lliil  miiiiIi  lai  t-  \     n|;^IiI     Iiih'    ol'  ki'lp  sllrlrlif-    I..    Il  . 

tioln  ihf  point  fill   iii'arl\  ;»  lnili'.;iml   li.c.  ;i   mMii'Ii  loot    im  k  witlilii    il.s  ixtn-inily   ln'.niii. 
tliri'i-  i|iiaiti'is  wi'si  (N,  I  \\.)  iVnni  tin'  | I. 

.Ni'ail_\  OIII'  mili'sonlh  li>  t-a-l   t  hiri' ipiartrrs  ca-t    S.  tiv    !■;    ;  \'..    from  l'.;ist   Poini  In - 

fat  In  nil  palfli.  with  Imiiom  of  lir.iki'ii  shrlN  ami  roai  si-  s.mil.     Tli iimlin;:s  aroiinil  it  ai< 

I'.lthoms  ii:i  II iitMilr  ;iml  littiiii  tatlmms  towanls  llii'  nIioii', 

K.ist  i'oint  forms  iho  soiiihwcsiii  n  Ih'.hI  of  tin*  soiiilii'rn  i-iilranci'  to  lin-  S;iiiia  Prn/  i 
Till' ;,'i'o;.'rapliii' il  |io,ii of  fill' piiint  is  I  il  itmlo  .! '.    ."I'l    '.'>     noitli.   Iiiii;:iiinli'    IJii    "I    . 

IhiMliirati  y'"i(//.— This  is  tin-  lonmlmi,'  p  nnl  on   tin'    iioii1hm>|  m.||.  i^i  ih,'    i>lainl,  h 
wav  lii'twii'ii  S.iiniy  Point  ami  C  irrin-t,in  Point.     Tin-  shon-  i.  tii'.it-.  alioiit  .i  inili-  in  I  In 
of  I'itlnr  lii;:lit  oil  tin-  ca-.t  iiorllii'ast   ami  wi-t  south  .»i-st.      Thi'   point    Is   lii.:li  .iml  Iml. I, 
fathoms  iif  w.ili-r  within  iiiii'lliinl  of  a    miji'ofi'.aml   Ihr  Krlp   lii M  lii'ini- ;iiiiiiiii!    .■^ain; 
liryiiis  two  thinls  iif  a  null'  to  thi'  wi'st   li\   xmili     \\  .  Ii,\  .<.    of  ii. 

/'i/»</rrs,— Tlii'ii- .111'  a  fiw  ilan^rrrs  .inniml   .-^anta  Kosa    jsl.iml.  Iml    m I\  in;;  l.ir  oi: 

TIu'V  an-  ;is  follows: 

Jiiitton  li'iii.      Till'  oiiti  r  hnaki'r  of  Praron    l.'i-vf  is   ihirr  ii;;hths  of  a  mili'  lo  ihr  

of  Carriii;;toii  Point, iiml  tin'  nif  h.,,  iioni  llii.i'  to  fonr  lilhomsnf  walii  upon  it.  will. 
Ni'Vi'ii  fathoms  insiiji' ami  >i\  to  tliii  li'i'ii  pisl  oiitM.li-,  Iml  lln-ii'  arr  pali'lifs  mi  llio  nil 
oiilv  ton  to  (iltii-n  I'li'l  iif  w  il.i-  with  ;rr.i\i'l  \  ami  lok>  lioll  nn.  Tlti'  i  i-i-f  r.liil>  Im'al.v 
i.s  no  safi-  pass.ijjf  on  lln-  insnli-  of  ii.     Cimiii-  o  it   of  tht-  Saiil;k  Cm/  Cliaiiiiol,  lioiiml    ip 


,%«ii;;i'.) 
lin 

""Wlow  talil 
\i)i 
of  wall' I 


I'ArlKIf    (I'A'I     ril.iil. 


91 


it  U    I 

lIlIlM 

.tV  IL. 
Ill  .  1 


l.>    ti 


not  stnT  t<>  tllt>  Wt'HtWillll    until  tll<<    lll;^ll    l.liul  ;il    tllr    tIDIt  ll\Vi'-.t    l-tlil  iif  Salll.l     l:<l»;l     is    li|HMI    one 


III  III  the  ll;:lil  III'   IliorUw.kN    I'lijlil,      In   .sli'fiin_'    In   i':is|  vv.il'il    .ilmi;,'  llir    imllli    ^linirnr  S.il 


It. I 

I.  i«a  to  •«lit«'r  llir  Sailtil  <'iii/  ClLililirl.  ilii  lint  ^l•■l■l  III  llif  Miiilliw.iiil  until  Mil'  Inni^i-.s  at  llicliii 
l.i\  art' ii|i«'ii  iiiir  |nimt  In  tin'  Irll  III'  <'ii\iiti'  I'liiiit.  «  liiili  iM  iiiir  li.ill  iil  .1  iiiili-  mhiI  li  Miiitliiast 
',i>iii  t'airiiiK'toii  rmiil. 

ril'.M'llll    \ii'>-f   I'  slmWII   DM   it  ell. Ill     ll.llcil    JSIS  ,11   ,1     Mirk     .lIlilM'    U.lIlT    Willi     silllH'   Sl|||kl>l|    loclis 

ii'iillnl  It.lillt   the  wlioli'  Irt't'   l-<  lirlnw    w.ili'l. 

U>'<l<H  Urrf. — Tlti!H  i.s  li  Niii.ill  rm-ks  kelp  |i.iirli  -.rMn  i  iuliih>  ui' ,i  inili- nil  •.jinn-,  .iIhhii  Www 
111 'is  \»i'!*t  muiiliwcst  (\VS\\  .)  riiiiii  till'  «r>liiii  Mill-  iif  (  ,iriiii-t<iii  riMiil.  iiiir  ami  . I  liair  null's 
ii.tilnMHt  l)>  fiiol  ,NI''..  I>.\  Iviriiiin  I'liiirkvv.iv  l'<iiiil ,  ami  .1  t  liii  i|  ul'  a  iiiili'  iiiit>iili'  t  lit*  i.tii;;«>  nf 
:  I  St*  |tiiiiilM.  'riiiff  siinki'ii  iiitks  I'lirin  tin-  ilaiiuti ,  ainl  llii\  lir  in  a  mnlliwfsl  ami  Miiitlii'a.Ht 
ilMi'i'litni  aliiiiil  mil'  Iniiiilit'il  ,\  aiiN  .ipai  I.  'I'Iii'.n  Im  .ik  in  alinusl  all  .vr  itliti  >.  'Ilii'  tli'|illis  insjili- 
t!ii'  Ui'lp  raii;:i'  I'liiin  ttii  In  U\t'  iiiiil  a  i|iiai'lt'i'  latlmnis.  |  lir  i|aii;^i'l  iiia>  lit'  sairlv  iiassnl  un  tlif 
r~iili'  III  It'll  I'atlitinis  and  tin  tlif   iiisHJi   in   mViii  in  i'i;:lil    lalliiins.      i'lir    krlji  li.iiU  lur  iii'ail\  ,\ 

I:  n.'  Ill  lilt'  xvcstiiiil  tliSM'sl  111  till'  li'il.  W'llfll  lilt'  lili'ak  nil  till'  links  IS  lint  \  isliilr  in  lliifk 
wr.llllt'l'  it    will  Ih'   Wt'll   In  ki'l'|i  a  tlt'|>!li  nt'   t»i'lll\    r.illinliis  in  si  I'll  in;,'  alnlli:  tills  >l|n|i'. 


I'll h  of  Shnill. — 'I'll IS  is  It  tlaii;,'i'rni|s  •.jmal,  li.n  lll;;  a-  III  1 1 


f  as  I'll 


\  I'll  fill  nl   "  atii'  ii|inii  It,  ami 


III  s  ii>ii- ami  a  li  air  inilfs  iinrlli   liall' c.isl  i  N.  A  \'.      Imm   SimU    I'lunl.      Tlif   lintlnin  i- 


lilh 


lasiniial  spi'i'iim'hs  nf  nil  ami  wliitf  tiir.il.     It  is  ii'pnitrtl  lli.it   tlii'it'  is  nn  kflp  mi   iliis  slmal, 
<l  mi  lirt-akiTs  I'M'i'pl  in  mts  licavy  Ufallii'i,  luil  llif  rliari  iiiiliialis  that  tin' simil  is  pist  insiilf 


lilt' kt'lp  liiif.     'I'lif  ilcpl  lis  ill  tlif  \  ii'initv  lan^f  rmiu  six  in  In  ti  n  lailinms  ni'  w.itn  nn   \ 


11    siilt 


vv  nil  iiri-;;iilar  rufky  bnltnin.     'I'lif  fliail  ;;i\i's  mn'  sniiinliii;;  nf  iimr  ,iii<l  .i  hall'  latlinins  tiiilsii|i>  iIm' 

klip  line  ami  liall'  a  inili>  iimlli  nmllifasl     N'NI'.     nl   Ilir  slmal.      Tlif   Inllnwin^  Iumi  ini;s  ami  tlis 

l.iiifi's  li'falt'  llif   ct'iitt'i    111'  tlif   slmal;    I'lif    in'itli    pmnl    nf    Sin    Mii^ml    IslamI    Wfsf    ii\    mnili 

\\  ,  liy  N.  I  I  lylit  ami  a  ipiarli  I    milfs;   niiti'iiiinst  ,.iil>   nil   Siinlv    r.niil,  kmnvi      <^   ••  ihi    I'iinl' i" 


Hill   liv  wt'si    hall'  Wfsl  (S.  liv  \V.  \  \V, 


ami    a    liall   inilis:    I'linikwas     rniiil    fast    li\    nmili 


tint',' fi^htlis  nmtli  (i;.  It\   N. 'j  N.    lixf  mihs;  rastiin    pnint  n|   San  Mi^iifl  Islaml  \sfs|  li\  sniilli 
tliiff  ipiaitf  IS  sniilh  (  W.  Ii\  S       S     Iniir  ami  a  i|nai  III  inilfs. 

'I'll  tlif  iinithwanl  nl'  Hi:  -     unal.  aiiil  niif  inilf  illstaiit.  a    limlx  nl'  ktlp  f  xlflitis  niif  ami  a  ijiiar- 
III  iiiilfs  in  an  fast  nnrthrasl  iliiff  linn,  pai.illf  I  with  thf  shmi'  kflp.  v\  illi  I  Wf  l\  f  tn  liilfi- n  lallimns 


III  ».iti'r  III  ami  ainiiii 


<l   It, ami 


in  IN      sflAi' 


a  w  ai  mil. 


Ill     ihli'k    Af.llhi'l    » I 


nil    I  111'    shnit'  Is  nil- 


It 


lias  lii'i-n  flsi'w  111  If  nlfi  It'll  ii 


l''ii   li'tiil,  lies  nil'  tlif  sniiihwist  r.ii I'  S.iiit.i  Kcis.i,  .iliniil   niii'  ihiiil  llif  ilisi.im.'  irmii   Sainl.N 

I'lillit  III  Sniilh  I 'mil  I,  ami  is  si'M'Ii  i-i:.'lil  lis  ul  ,i  iiiili-  tinin  shnii'.      1 1  is  hiw  ,  ,iml  iii  iiii|iii,ir\  Wfathf  r 
Is  lint    \  isllilf  riniii  tli'f  k   at  ii  tlistailif  nl'   I'nill'    inih's.       I'hf    Ihli'k     kflplifhl    si|||uiim|s    tills    il.in^t'l' 

iiiiil   Ill's  \\i'll  niitsiilf  III'  it.     Oiiftpiai't 


I  nl   .1  mill'  Wfsi    li\   iinrtli  ( 


til  I  W.  Ii\   N.    li mil    lift'    llni'k 


(l.iiii;frniis  sunken   ii'i't'.  iipnii  «  liif  h  ii  hi  fakir  is  r,iri'l\  sffii.     N'fssi'js  slmulil    imt    iipprnatli    lit- 
Ifirk  iii'iiifr  than  a  tlfpth  nl'  t«fiil.\   In  I  Willi  \ -liv  f  lailimiis.      ".vffp  niilsiilf  thf  kflp  In  iiMuil  thi 


1 
1 

11  - 

III 

til 
i. 

1 

III 

,s; 

1. 
■  1. 

Ill' 

t.ll   n; 
If  11"' 

Ullll 
H'l  I 

f.lks. 


Imt 


Thf  If  art' x(  (■(((// (/((»(/( »\  iiisnlf   thf  l,ii;;t'   ktlp  lifhl    liclAffii   Saiiil.\    I'niiil  iiiiil  Smith  Pniiil, 


i'i'I.iIIn   whfit'   thf   kflp  111. ikfs  nut  , I  mill'   I'min 


As  thf  If  id  I'  nn  am'lini.i;;t's  iimlfr 


itlils  shnlf  tliiic  IS  III)  lififSsllv    Inl   il   M'Sm'I    ;;nllii;  lliln  llif  ktlp. 

l-^as!  I'nini  (/<(/((/(/•.  — Ill  thf  kflp  whirli  Imiilfrs  thf  slinif  Illif  nnrtllWfst  w  iinl  nl'  I'.ist  I'tiillt  I'nr 
llif.iily  niif  iiiilf  llific  is  a  siMffii  Inni  link  lifiii  iii;^  imi  I  h  iliiff  ipiiirtfis  Wfst  (N.  ,'  W  .  >  t  wo  Ihiitls 
hil  il  iiiilf  IVmii  thf  pmnl. 

Till- I  K/'mir  mi  thf   iim  Ih  sitif  nl'  Siiniit   Knsii    Ishuul  sf  |s  alniiit  niii'  iiiilf  an  Imiir  tn  thf  (Mst- 
[Miiiil  with  Ihf  prt'V.iiliii;,'  iiniihwfst  N\iiii|s,  lull  u  lif  n   tlif.\  tf.isf  nr  liffmiif  liulil  I  In- ciirif  nl  sfts 
|ti)  llif  wi'stwiii'tl  itiiniil  niif  iiml  il  hiill    iiiilfs  iin  liinir.      Nm  ih  nl   S.imlN    rnini    iiml  alinill    tin-  'I'itl 
jCtiti  SliDiil  thf  fiirifiits  ;iii'  iimi'iiaiii,  Imi    irfiiinni  l>  siimi-.     iSrf  ic  iiiiii  ks  mi  Siiii  .Mi^^in-I  I'jis- 

i»"Kf.) 

.\M.iiiii;  \iii;s 

Unhtr  lliiy — Thf  If  lUf  tin  harlinrs  ainiiml  S.ini.i   I.    -ii   Isliiml.     r.itwffn  ("Iniiinfl  nr  Skunk 


nri'  IS  il  sfiiii firiniiii   n 


i\    .iinwn  iis  llif  I'i\f  Milf  r>ii;lit.  nr  Hft'li 


iiilfs  ili'fp,  w  itii  a  lirnail  luMfli  iititlfr  ii 


III 


I   II 


Irnint  iiml  ('arriii;;tmi  I'nint  il 

il)ii>,  I'tiiir  ami  niifthinl   iiiilfs  witif  iiinl  mif  ami  :i  ihinl   i 

|ltiw  tiilili'  liliill  Ihiit  is  aliniit  tliiriN  I'fct  lii;;h  ami  tliiff  linmlnil  \.iitls  wiiU 

S'oiihinst  Aiirhoraiii. — In  this  !)i;;lit  tlifii'  is  it  p.iss.ihlf  ,im'linr.i;^f  in  Irom  si.\  In  tfii  r.ilhniiis 
it  walfr,  ovfr  nitikv  bnttmii,  w  ilhiii  oiif  Ihinl  nl'  ii  inilf  nl  llif  slini-f  iilirt'.isi  nl'  ii  wharl',  at  tin-  fiul 


\lf 


ir 


'  i! 


1 


m 


1 


!  , 


4i.      1 


i   .? 


92  I'.VCIIlr    (MAST    ni'T. 

Ill'  winch  siMicii  Icii  (if  wih-i  i>  rijioili'il.     Tins  uli.irt'.  con^ii  iuIimI  hi   HT.!.  lies  ;il i   ,, 

two  tliiiiis  mill's  iKiiii  ('.miiiclou  rmiit  inni  a  liltli'  i)\  cr  oiii'  inil<'  ln'iii  <'i>\i)tc  I'mnt.      Il  ;- 
li\  the  r.iiitli  liHiiM  N  lii'lniKl  II  on   llir  innlli  Miii' nl' lln-  .iiih.m'.      VosfU   ii.mi:iI1,\   anrlim 
olV  till'  nil. Ill'  111    -i\  cil    M'\cll    I.iiImhii^  w.lti  T.      Tins    ail>ll<>i,i;;i'    llrs   suiitliwr-l    oiii' i|ii,ir;i 
^S\V.  J  S.i  si'vcii  .niil  .1  li.ilf  nil  Irs  tpnn  I  lie  \\  (•■.!  I'miil  uri  S.iiil.i  <'iii/  Islaiiil.  wiili  Cliainn 
lu'ariiiu  i'a>l   t'.v  mmiiIi  d;.  Ii\  S     tliicf  ami   tu.iiliinN  inilfs.     Small   |ialrlii's  ol'  l,i'l|.  Ii..  t' 

tins  lii;;lil.     Thr  .slnirli  dl'  sl Inr  on.'  iinli'   rr<ini    lli.'  w  liai  I'  m>rr  li^vanl   tnwan'     ('i)>ci!i 

\vas<Mllcil  r.cilicr  liav.      It  is  now  Known  as  ilir  Noiili«.>l  A  niliora._'c. 

SiiiithiitsI  .\ii(liiir,iiii.—  \u  tlif  soiillifasttTli   pari  of  lln-   I'lM'  Mill'  r-i;;lil.  anil  alioiii   .h;. 

liair  iinlcN  wrst    |i\  s.inlli    W.  1>>   S.    tMiiitli;il I    r.'inl.  a  t  m' liiinil.i'il  I  •n   Iniu   aiicliiui,. 

fatlioiiis  ami  roilc  onl  a  >.iiii1iiM'.|  >;alr  in  .Iainiai\.  l'^Ti. 

Itiiiiii;,'  siimimr  nioiiilis  .small  \rsscls  aiidior  iiihI'T  llif   soiii  Ihm-.!  -IkpH'  hI    llir  islai;.: 

loin-  aiiM   our  i|iiaili  1    mil' s  si.iiiliwist  u  aull.v  of  I'lasl    I'oinl.anI   Iliiff  ami   tin |iiai!r; 

mntliiM>lwaitll>  Iniiii  Sonili  I'oiiit.  T1m>  run  in  anion;;  tlic  narrow  IiomIit  of  kcl|>  and  ,i. 
ti\c  or  .si\  ratlioiiis.  Tlii'ii'  aic  lliicr  ^.,i  ill  inlliiii,'  jioinls  In-ir.  ami  'lie  amlioia;^o  i>  in  lln 
ias|  i'(  llii'  soiillic  I  n  oiii'. 

■  /•■// /im'h'v  /.«. .—  \  i^st  U  ;i|vii  am-lior  al  llii>  ci|icn  i n  nNlcail.  alioni  oiir  ami  a  i|iiai  1«  r  mili  - 
«'astvvaril  ot'  Suiilli   I'ninl.  in  tii"n  In.'  to  m'MMi  lallionis  ot'  \valrf  m   tin-  krlp.  \s  liicli  i>  In  i. 
Iialf  a  iiiilf  Inoail.      Tlif  lii;;lil  is  onr  ami   a  half  inilrs   lon^'.  foi  imil    1>.\  a  sli;.'lil    iftrcatin- 
lii^li  >lioii'.  ami  i>  open  to  Mnitlnrlv  winds  ami  .swell.  Iml    is  ,iii  I'Mcllrnl    slirlicr  in  wiml 
west  roiiml  li\   innlli  to  m.MlnMsi. 

Tlif  ."'^oii  ill  Point  is  a  lii;.'li.  liold  |M'omonlor\  and   si  im-s  tn  niark  this  amliora;;.' at  a  ili' 
Whi'ii  entiling  llif   hiulit   a    lov- .  Marls    rm  k.  w  ilh  a  i  riilial    piak,  n.iiin'd    .V.///  A'... /,.  is  t.. 
sfiM'd.      riiin.'il   to  lir  ir  lul  u  rcii  wrs]  iioitli»f«l    and    mil  I  li  Inn  I  li »  est     \\NW..md    NN* 
amh.ir  III  ti\«'  to  11  llir  r.ilhoins  over  s.iiid.  clioosin;;  a  lin  tli  w  iihonl  Ira  r  of  tlir  krlp.  in  w  Im 
an- lio  disfoMTcd  daiiirciN.     Tin-  liolicnn    to  tin- 'M'sI  ward   ol   Slay    lonk    is   iink\   in    pin- 

d.lll;:f|cins  III  ;;ii)liliil  I.irkir.  .\lirliil  well  oIlI.  so  .|s  In  .illiiw  t.iilin^  jllsliorc  Willi  rdd.SIl 
w  inn  tilt'  iiMi  ihwc^li'i-  is  stinn;.'.      riicn-  is  I  toll  w  air     hilc. 

Stiiiilji  I'liiiil  Am  liiiiiiiii , — ( 'Iosi>  iindi'r  the  south  sii|,.  ni'  Wot  m  S.nid\  I'mnl  sm.ill  ~> 
ot  twriilx  11 1-  till  t\  tons  amhiir  in  sininmT.  Iml  .i  I  Imi  iin;;li  Imal  kmiu  li'd;^i'  i--  in  rtssai>  ' 
1  he  initlv  111;:  links. 

(ioiid  hi.dl  hiii'limii  lli.l\    lie  lnlind  .lloliml   llii'  isl.md  cV  il  \    liMII    or  lixc  liiilfS. 

Till'  ;:i'o;.'I,lpli|r.i|   |iiis|i|ii|i    ill    .s;.iliil\     !'ii|lil    li.is    lii'i'li    ili'lrl  liiinril     li\    tlir    ( 'o.lst     aiiiM' 

.s^lll  A  l\  .        Il    l>. 

l.iiitiiili'   SI       iMi      II.,      hMiib 

l.iiiinitiiiii- r.ii      i;.     IMC     i\..v 

'•r.iiitiiMi'     __    .  ••       m|       

Thr  '.^I'li-l.ipliii.il  pii-Hiiiii  I'f   Ml    Sill. 'd. id,  llii-  lii:,-ln>t  point  nl    Ihi'  l-l.iml.  tillriii  liilliij 

sixt  \    -I  \(ll    lift    .lllo\  1'   1  hr   sc.l.  Is  : 

'•'"""■!'■ ;ia     :■>''    .'■:    n.'iili 

I,.ili(,'illlili- )..>()        ,H',       .j;i      „,.,! 

ll  Is  visililf  |.,it\  iM,.  nulls  I'lciiii  s,-a\i,iid. 

'1  111  ri'liipilli'd  lii.l;:iii'lir  \aiMliiili  Im  .laliiiai\  I.  |ss.-,,  \m,.s  \:,  n.',  i  ,ist  .iml  dirli'lsi;; 
all>    1  ..'. 

//.(    Inlisiit  /;«! /iM   /.■.II/.— Till- ( 'iiiH'ilfd   l.st.il.li-liimiii  111   m.M i.'iv.il  l.rlwiin  il.. 

'''"■' '- liaiisii  .111,1  till' inn. •  ui    lli-h  W  al.i  is  I  .\    o'.i'  .     'In,,   m,  .m  i  is.'  ami  t.dl  nl   :    ■ 

Uir.'i   and  Iwu  ti-nihs  {,■,  i  ;  ,,|   ii„.  s|,,in-  t  nlis.  in  ,•  ;ii,d  .'11:111  linihs  (..i  ;   ..f  ii.,ip  tidi  >. 
"'  ■'  '""'I'     'I'll!   aM'i.i-i' dniiiiinii  .,|   111.,  iisi' isi;    .;i;    ;  nf  ijn' l.ill.  r  Jii-  :  and  uT  iho  si.in.i 
Tin- a\.ia-i-  dill.  nil.,.  Ill   III,.  l,i;.||,.si    ||i;_di   ;,,i,i    |,,„,.s|    |,,w   «,it..is   ,,i    ih.'    s.iim-  il.i\    i- 
Ihn'.'  li'iili.s  (...I.  .111,1  111,.  j;|-,.at.'si  .lifr.T.'ii.'.'  s,\,.|,  and  a  hall'  tr.  1. 

Th.'  tiiiK's  of  liiyli  ami  l.nx   Mains  an-  t.  n  mmnl.s  .  ailn  i   tli.iii  lli.-  I.il.hs  -i\..  im  S  , 
and  111.'  lii'iL'lits  nearly  the  same. 

.Maiiv   iif  the  p.aks  .111  III,,   smith    s|.|..    ,,|    S.ilila    lois.i    Mand    :ii,'    .■  .\  ei .  d   w  il  h    lo-- 

Indi.in    innnnds  .■,,v |    «iih    m.irl.irs.   p..si|.'s.  .uiom  In, id-,    ind    oth.-r   .im'eiit    .i ■ 

s.'alli'i.'d  oM.|  II,,-  i~l  ii„l.     T'l,.  1  ||_,,.  |,„,|,|„.|  ,,|   III,.  „|,,|,||,U.   1,1111  , 1  pi  i.'.'s,   and  h .in  ■ 

that  ai.'  |.   I...  iiiiiinl  ||..,v  airmil  .■M.h.iic..   ih.u  ih,.  idaml  w.^.n,.-..  ilucklv  inlialnli'il.     Th 


III 
,ii 


I. 111. 

'..  . 


Ill 

em 

.Ml 

lliii 

w  1-. 

Ih.i 

\M  1 

(ill.l 

\Vl 

;lile 

and 

IS  itinl 

riii> 

:  Is  In 

|*'i;li 
;ki'|ii 
'till-  1 

,ll.  :i,. 
MMlh 


-    ♦■'T.'*    ■' 


I'ACII  If    ('((AST    IMI.OI', 


93 


alxml   I' 

I  11  .- 
.nii'lmi    ..     . 
(•  i|ll;UIr 

l>cl|i   111'    I 

i'livi.;.    I' 

itlHllI      OlK 

aliclinp 

tlir  islai;.: 
I'  ijiiaili'i 
l|i  ;niil  :iir     • 

•    i.s    III    till 

II  )ci  null  ■- 
ell  l>  liiM    ■ 
ii'ticaliiic  "    ' 
IT  ill  «  iiiil^  \\o-i 

!->■  at  a  il.-'  •;..■ 
A-i.,/,,i>  t..  ■■■  . 
ami    NN\'- 
||i.  ill  «  iiii  ii    "•  ■ 
ky  ill    |il  ii'i->  :i"ii! 
itli  i'ilil\ 

sIlLlll   Nillimlii'l- 

rc>san  '• 


l-I      .Mill   tn  ' 


r.-; 


n.'llk 
«.  -I 


'I'll  hull 


ii.'iili 


li  I  riMM! 

W  I'Cll    1 1. 

ill  ..r  ;i 

lull  -.  - 

1,1'  si. Ill 

lias    - 

l.ii  '-^ 

nil     I'- 


^* 


is  II  piiilfil  «Miial>l«'  III'  siislaiiiiii;;  li'ii  llioiisainl  liraii  nl'  slocK,  ami  at   lucsfiit  is  wfjl  slocked  witli 
Im  i'|i  ami  liiiisrf*. 

( 'a  III  1 1  Id  ilisi'i  vi'i't'il  tills  islam  I  in  I'M'..'  ^\  lii'ii  ciiastiii^  iimlii'  t  hr  iiiaiiilaml,  ami  iiaiiMMl  tliisiiiiil 
^  iiilii  ('ill/  111*'  Islamls  111  San  laii-as.  Alter  I'ciirln  visiinl  tlii'iii  he  iiaiin-ii  llifiii  iiiiliviiliiiilly  in 
I'l  i,  calling;  llii-'  uiii'  San  Sahailur,  '•  wliicli  is  the  iimlilli'  mic."  Tlii'  Imliaii  iiaiiii'  was  Nirali|iif, 
ami  tlicri'  wi'li'  liner  \  llla;,'es  ii|iiin  it. 

Ill  JiiiiJ  It  is  iiaiiieil  the  Ula  lie  <  'lelii  (111  the  eliait  id  \  i/.eaimi,  I  nit  111-  iliil  III  it  visit  tlie  islaml, 
(  Ml  tlie  litli  lit  Man  li.  I  77  I.  I  >iiii  .liiaii  Teie/.m  the  tii^ate  .Si/i/Zni/i.,  naineil  tliiM  island  Saiitii 
Mil  Client. I,  and  <lesi;,'natei|  it  as  t  lie  in  n  Idle  ( nil- 111'  ilie  ;;!  I  111  1 1,  lea  \  111;,'  tint  .\iiaea|ia,  wliudi  lit;  ciillcd 
till'  ii>ek.\  islet  lit"  San  'I'miias.  (in  the  Carta  (leneial  id'  i7'U  it  is  i|e>i;4nateil  San  .Mi;:iiel,  and  oil 
iiiliir  S|iaiiisli  iliart.s  Santa  Uosa,  wliieli  l.isl  \  aneoiiv  er  adnpted,  in  I7'.l.i,  and  which  has  since  l>i'*"J 
I   Mined. 

ISl.  \M»    111     S  \N    ^lHil  I'.l,. 

I  his  is  the  « I'sleinniiist    iil   the   Santa    Kai  liaia  I  liaiiiiel    Islamls  and   the  most  daii^^enms  to 

a|i|'iiMih.      It  is  se|i;iralei|  Ironi  Siinta    llnsa  li\  a  eliaiiiiel   iiaiiii"!  ilie  San  Miunel  Passage,  which 

'■fjH^    1^  ;  hiee  miles  u  ide  ami  is  il  -sci  ihed  nil  |ia;,'e  ",l'.l.      It  is  the  siilll  hu  estelli  |  mi  lit  of  the  Western  elltiaiiee 

JwB   t'i  ilie  Saiit.i  I'ai'liaia  Chaiiiiel.  which    is  lice  twciitvli\e   miles    in  width   hetweeii    I'niiit  Coneep- 

in'ii  and  the  island,  ur  l\\elit\  nlie  miles  lietuecii    rmiil    < 'iili.'i'|ii'iiili   and   Itiehaiilsoil  Uoek  otV  Sill) 

.Ml;;  lie!.      It  IS  a  ;;uiid  la  ml  tall  and  is  \  isilile  at  .i   distance  nl   l  Im  t  \  li\  e  miles. 

The  cliiiiatic  enmlitiniis  ale  MTV  \  ana  Ilie  a  inn  in  I  this  island.  It  receives  the  lull  force  of  the 
iiiiilliuest  winds  ami  swell,  and  in  siiiiiiiiei.  tn^s  i  iiMlnp  ii  imiie  ih.iii  halt  the  time.  ICvcii  if  the 
wi  illier  eleais  ntV  in  day  I  line  t  he  tn;;s  sett  le  ii\  el  It  at  lli^hl.  When  We  were  encamped  for  more 
tL.iii  three  ninnths  at  i'nilit  <  nlici  |ieiiin  we  did  net  see  this  and  the  other  islands  lor  several 
wi.lxs.iii  .leiniiiit  of  the  I'o^.  We  t'ciiiid  siiiiil.ii  cnmlitmiis  nil  the  island  ill  |s,'iL',  and  dillinn'  the 
lili.il  ^ill\i\    the  same  cniiditlolis  Were  re|tnlteil. 

I'lie  isl.iiid  is  MMiiew  h.it  it  re;;iilar  in  shape.      I  Is  liiii;.'ei  axis  is  -.es  en  miles  si>!;;!i  ei;;lit\  de;,'iees 

wisi,  .iml  iinilli  <  i;;lil.\  i|e;;rees  east  (S   "ii     \\  .  and  N.sitJ  I'],  .and  this  is  the  ;:eneral  directinn  nt 

I  II'  ^niith  shore,  otV  which   tliirtx  to  t'uii\   lallniiis  are   tniiml   einse  in,      The  a\era;;e  width  is  mie 

ii.i'l  a  third  miles,  liiii  ,11  the  miildle  a  ureal    iid;;e,niie    mile  .icioss,  jiiis  nut  tn  t  lie  iinrlliwaid  one 

[  a.i. I    1  half  miles,  lerminaliii;,'   in    I'oinI    Harris  and    Iniiiiiny;  the    westein    put    nt' < 'ii\  ler  llai  hor. 

Tins  I  id;;e  li,i>  liiilil  hc.tds,  al  t. lining  ti\  e  li  11  ml  led  all  I  till  ■.   tee  I  elev.il  ion.      The  aiiM  ot'  the    island 

1  Is  I'lill  tecll    sipiaie    statute    miles, and    the   exlilit    nf  llie    shnlelllie    istweiily  miles.      The    ;,'eiieral 

luppear.incc  nl   the  isl.ind   from  sciwaid  is  ;^i'ntl.\   inlliii^,  and  when  seen  tmin  the  nnrth  or  smith  it 

ifilsl  e\hil)its  Itself  with  I  wo   pe.iKs   aliniit    the   middle,  risiii;.' tn  eij^ht    hiindicd  .ind  sixty  one  and 

|ei;ilil   hlimlled    ,iildtilt\    feet    alin'.etlie    sea.       riie    easlclli    piaU     !;.  Ill;,'  one    and  niie  i|liarter  miles 

Iwiiilh  li.\  east  ^S.  li\    l',.\  I'lnm  the  .isironnmi,  al   si.iiinn  iii  ( 'ii\  !ei   1  !.ii  Imi,  i>  ihe  hi;; her,  .iml  frnin  it 

|tlie  wi'stelii  line  lieais  west,  disl.iiit   oin-  am!  one  tilth  miles. 

I'lie    Inland    is    t  leelcss,  Inn    rnvereil   Willi    i'n,il-<e    ;,'l.lss.       Il    ilill'i'ls    linm   the    other    islands  li.\ 

|btiiiu  nmie  |iiiimiiieiiil>  111. irked  |i\  hi'.i\.\  s.ind  diiins.      I'lie  slimi's  .ue  Imld,  lunken,  and  meky, 
ft'itli  a  tew   slmrt    stletchcs  of  lieacli. 

<\inlinll  I'dinl,  the  e.Meiii  cMieiiiitN  i'\'  the  i>l  iml.  is  ,1  luoad  elltV  t'oitv  feet  liiu:h,  then  risin;; 
Ji'iiliiallv  In  the  wesi  w.iid,  and  ha\  111;,'  a  ilaii;,'i'iiiiis  icei  siretcliiiii,'  mie  half  mile  east  ward  into 
till- S, III  \|]-ii,'l  |'assa;,'c,  with    t'niil  ;;ioiinil   and  rork\   lioitom    nnrth  imi  I  liwest     NNW.;  t'nrthice 

)ll.lllelM  ot    a  mile  and  oliea|U. liter  of   .1   mile    iilf   siiolc.       .\\nld  tills  pnllil. 

I'miii  ('.iidwell    I'niiit   to  S.md.N    I'miit.  ihe  western  eMrciiiit.v  of  S.iiita  liosa,  the   hearing' is 

Jlllli  I  i^hlN    I  Wn  de;.'lee>  t  ,|>I    ,  S.  s_'      I'.,     .iiiil   t  lie  d  |sl  .|  nee  I  lilee  miles. 

/'••i'h'  /;.  (Oil /^  the  western  pnint  nt  Ihe  isl.iml,  IS  .1  Inii^',  nailnw,  Innki  II,  and  Ja;,';:ed  lillllV, 
fiMiiljlnitN  feel  tioni  the  water  to  three  linndied  .imliiulil^  leel  w  itlilii  a  mile.  .\s  seen  finiii  all 
^iliellnns,  this  puini  I'Xhll  Its  Inr  H\n  miles  ml  Hid  liiuli  dunes,  the  s.iml  nf  which  rises  t'inin  the 
luilliwe.sl  shiile  and  is  driven  li\  the  imrthrtesteis  ■icins',  the  island.  'I'heli'  are  t  lllce  rneU,\  islets 
lliilei  the  smith  snore  of  the  pmnt  and  ,1  iiiiinlu'i  >>(  rocks  and  I'niil  yinniid  nil    it.      The  small  lock 


Mill  I'liil  ;;ionniI  .11  e.  .sii    t.ir    as    know  11.  w  It  hill   I  111     limits    nl'llie 


Ip    and    stretch  two  thirds  ot'  a 


le  to  Ihe  west  northwest  (  \\  N  W.I  and  one  and  niic  h.ilf  miles  tn  imrtli  imrthwest  ^NNW'.).    'I'l 

lilt  imist  es| ial|.\   lie  a\oideil. 

"le  ^'eojil'ilphical  position  of  the  e\tr wesleii:  pmnl  nf  the  isl.ind  is: 


l.iilitiiili' 


■|      "1 


.iini;itiiili^ 


l-.'d 


:..".     ii.irtli, 
eo      wi'nI. 


I ' 


I  il 


<l|,    III   tilllK 


HI-    I-. 


i! 


I'v 


I)  I  lAlltH'    fOASl'    iii.iir. 

Kruiii    Poiiil     I'-mii'lt     I'lMiit    ('oii.r|ici(iii    Immi^     noilli    srvfiilt'cn    ami    a    liall'ilr-i, 
(N.  17'.     \\  .  .  ili^Liiil  tw.iiiv  I'lM-  iiiili'>,  and   HinImii.  I.'nck.  un  ilu'  ( 'm  li-s  I'.aiik,  MMillitM>l  1 


(SK.  A  !■: 


ili>l 


ant  line  IiiiihIiimI  and  sivIimmi  muIi' 


I'liiiil  //(()■/  (N.  till'  Mill  tlniN  |ii 


uid  I'll  I  i|iiioiis.  and  till' lull   lulnnd   itnnllir  Mmtli   use- 


inl  111'  San    MiL'iiri    Uland.  !■>   Inn;;,  i|nilc    nai  low  ,  lnuKcn 

to  li\  I'    liiindi  I'll   and  lilt  \   lirl 


niiK'.      riii'ic  i>  a  di'i'tli  I'l   lilliiMi  lallnmiN  .li 
nndt  r  tin'  iM.^ti  in  an.;,'!!' 


■<»■  (ill   lliis   |iiiint,  and  nn  dan;;i'l  >  cMi'iil  a 
il    till'  puiii;.      lAtt'liI    I'liiKC  l.>land  and   ('innk  Tnint  it  i.-  tlic 


|iri>|i'i'iiiiii  ainnn 
I 'null.   I 'ill  III. 


il  till'  i>lanil. 


iiiit  h  sliiHi'  o 


I'  till'  i>land  !•.  1III1H'  iin'ti|iiliiMN  than  Ilii'  imh  i  hw  i^i 


t'a>l  .sliiMcN,  and  ii^is  lo  luiii  liuiidn-d  a 


In-d  and  lilt\  and  ll\f  liiiinln-d    Irti  nii'nn    niii-^iMh  i.i 


Till'  la-niii  I' lit  III   llif  Miiiiii  .sill  III-  Is  ma  I  U  id  U\  a  in  nail  | 


ilatraii.  ti>il\  l< 


1  s|  \|  \     Iril    III 


.mil  nrar  iln'  wfsiiiii  p.iit  i>i  lliis  pliiran  is   (  ii 


ik      I'liMll.       It 


IS   .1    lii« .  II  ri-;;i;l.ir    |iiii|i-i 


and   II Iliiiil    inili-s  Wist  soul  InM'.si  iWSW.    Iinni  (  anhMll  I'luni.anil   .stuiilirs  mil    al 


lliiiijs  oT  a  nidi'  fvinu  \\\r  linrim 


nin;r  ("aidwiU  Pmnt  and  I'liint  laimrlt.     Il  i-  liir  In 


links,  lull  a  ii.iti'li  111   kil|i  las  li. df  a  niilo  I' 
ImIji. — Till'  kidp  .unnnd  llii<  I>1 


III, 111  nlV   It. 
ind   Is    ill  drlai  In  d   I 


II  Ids  as 


(Xlllliitrd    nil    till'    1 


I  I  rut 


S.inta  r..iiliar;i  Clianiifl.  iHililisJitd  li\   tin'  (nast  and  ( iimlitii'  Siii\c.\.      Il  dms  not    iil«.i\      i, 
till'  foul  urmind  about  this  isl.ind.      Ciixli'is   Il.iihiir  li,i.s  a  laiv'''  l"'d>   in  it  uitli  loiil  ;;ioni..; 


wi'siiin   II 


ii.     Siiiiiiiiinn  <  oM'.  I.irin;^  to  I  ni'   H' 


nil  ni'itliwisi      N  N  \^  .  ,  1  ,is  .i   liild 


li\  oiii' lliiid  Willi'.  iMi.dli'l  to  Ilir  slimi.     No   d.iii;;i'is  ail'    known    anion;,'    it.     'I'lii'ii'   an 
ip\ir  1  III  Ion  1  ^;  toll  I  111  nil  I  111'  Wfslii  II  I  MM  III  (it  Si  loon  toll  (  o\  c  and  .it  tlir  liollit  itsiH.     « )n   ! 

Wl'st   1,1(1  ,  llClWl'l'l 

wilh 


Si  moll  ton  '  'ovr  ,iiid  rmnt  riiiiin'!  1,  tin  ir  is  a  l.ir^ii'  lii-ld  o\  n   I  wo  no 


t'.istli'  Kork  111  llii-  midst.      No  kelp  I.-n    I'olllid  at    W  lisoii    IJork.s,  Wiscott    Slinai.  m    I, 
Mill    llock.       Mon^  lilt'    .soiltli    slioic  air  li\r  or  si\   pati  lii'.s  ol'   kelp  strctrlilli;;  out  as  iniii'li 
mill'.      \\\\ikiill    I.ril;;c.  with    lilli  in  lii  I  ol    w  .lU  r  mi    it.  is    in.iikid    li\   kilp.  hii;    i'aidw, 
w  itli  inilcli  till  1 1  ;;  1 1  111  111  I  al  mi  I II I  it.  ii.i.<  no  kelp  l.iid  dow  n  tlii'i)'. 

Ihiihiiiji  iljilni  itxilind  till    Iflmiil.  —  (  ItV  llir  sollllii'in  snji-  of  tlir  islilliil  till'   w.lli'l-    Is    ijii 
aloli;;  tlir  olllil   rd;;i'  ol'  'In'    kelp  p.l'riirs.   \  al  ,\  III;;     llolll    twrUi'    to    twi-nl\    ll\r     t'.itliollis; 
lilts  rallioin  line  Is  mil'   and   twolhiids   mill's   .smilli  nf  I'mnt    lit  ninlt.  iinliasilij;    to    tin.. 
.siMitli  oT  Ciidwcll  Point;  liottiun  tiiii'  i.'ia\  .s.iinl  and   Inokrii   shills.     On   t|it>   noitii   .si.l. 
I.sl.iiid  tlicli' is  d(  I  p  w.iii  1    lip  t^  till'    liiii' iif  krlp.  I'Ul    ill   till'   ati-a    lioillidid    1p\   tl'      Im  I 


illt',    W  ll'.cll    11.   s    llnlh    tun    lo    liV  ( 


llnl  a    liall'  mill  s  .i|)    slmlr.  air    tlilri'    d.in;;iimis    iiits    i, 


.scrilu'd  III  dci.iil  niiili  r  till'  111  .id  lit'   I'linijiis.     » t\  i  i  i  Ins  .nra  i  lie    linliniii  is   ipiitc  \  .u  nil, 

lllolli;li   lull',  ;:ia>    s.niil,  ^I.IVil.  ;:li't'll    mud.   lUokrll  ^lull.s,  and  rot.ll  nil     I'lllli'f   Isl.ind. 
liillidli'ii  iai  liiiin  liiM'  s-  u'lchrs  ini  inilis  low  aids  Pmnt  ( 'oiit'i'prioii.  I  nit  l.s  clos"'  iindi'i    P 
lli'lt.      ( >llt>lili'  ol     Phil, lids. HI     Km  k    till'  olic  linndlcd  l.lt  lioln    pl.lti'ail  rontinili'S  |n|'    srM: 

In  till'  |ia.ss,i-i'  liiiwci'ii  San  Muiitl  ,inil  Santa  I{o>,v  tin-  .si(iiniliii;;s  .in-  (piitr    ir^:iil,ii  .it  - 
tsM'iit.v  l.itlmiii.s  o\i  r  tine,  i;iay  sand,  limki-ii  slirlN,  and  cni.il. 

/''.  <  iiirniit.i,  Inlliiw  t  lie  1  111  11  I  inn  ot  I  lie  w  'lid»t.  lull  III  till'  pi  i\  .11 1  in;:  liol  I  li  w  ist  w  imI  h. 
fdilli  s  inn  III  llir  \V('st«,ilil  lllnKl-  tlir  Ur  nl    I'mlil    Prlilirll.  ,inil  to  till'  r,istu,iid    illidi'l    il 

r.tidiM'll  Pnint  III  till- S,iii  Mi;,'iii|  I'a.-^sa;;!'. 

Uii    H  i//.  — Kni' .Hid  a   li.lir  liilli'.s  nnllli    li\    cast      N.  Ii>    li.J  flntn  ( '.isllr    I!ni  k    llii-siilti 

wati'i  I-"  iii.ii  ki'd    l>\  liliiis  ol   pi'troli'iiin  siipposrd  111  .11  isi'  Il  1)111  ml  spunks  liclnw  tin'  siiili, 
iiic  said  to  III' .(l.sn  iiiiiicatid   li\   sinall   p.iii  Ins  i,|   ,isplialt  iiiii  oi    liitniiiin   .siiiii!,ir  Inili.r 

I'milld    on    lln-    in.l.st    wrsl  111    S,ilil.i     I '.,11  liai  ,1.        Till'    ill, 11  I     ;;i\r.s    ,i    tniil    lat'inln    sniiiidin. 

.spot. 

/'<f/i'/< /\.  — 'I'lnii' .III-  innii' d.iiiK' r>  .iioiind  S.in    Nl  i;,'iU'l  tli.iii   ainiiiid  aiiv  ol   tlit'isl.i 
.'s.iiii  I   P  II liaiit  ;:iiiii|i. 

Koiks  he  olV  C.iidwi'li  Pniiil:  till'  \\>iki.ll  I.I'd;;!'  olV  lilt'  inidillc  of  tin-  soiltli  shm 
i.s  otliiTwisi- (  li  .11  :  ii|V  III,-  iinitli  .ind  Wist  1,  Knli.iid.soii  Iti.ck  ;  oH  llif  iiiirtli  Wilson  1 
lift',  tlif  Wistt'i.it  Slioal.  iiinl  (":i.stU'  Potk. 

/i')i  IiiIiiIkiiH  limi.' — Tlii.'*  l.s  a  lnik\    |s|it  almiit  olit'  litlllilli'd  add  hixly  live  S  .IIiIn  lull;; 
IIM-  \aiiU  widf.  .mil  iiMs  |p\  s||,,ip  I,  I  k\  riills  In  iii.ill.v  lilt\  li'i't  aliiiM'  the  watii.     Tliii 
sill. ill  .iiid  Inwii    links   iiisidi'  111'  II    low.iids   the    isl.iiiil.     'I'licy    an-  m'i-ii  tU'lat'lit'il    rioin 
riM'k  oiil.v  lioiii  tlif  iiiirtlii'ii.si  and  smiili\M..si\\,,|,|.     ||  ln-s  noilli  liii\  |oiirtlcj;rf«'K  wi'si     ^ 


'N;iini'il  ill.    rarii'lnii  il..  1.,.,  |,.,li, 


I Jii.iii  r. 


ITT  I.     I  III  111..  (',iri;i  i..'ii.'r!il  llial  ii. 


it  in  ili-<i;^lial.il  Kirli.inlsd'i  Him  k  iiu  lli.   ('...isI   S|,|  , 


>  .  Ii.iil'<  :iiiil  nil   1. 1 1  111  Liiciinli  1  liarta. 


<lr;;i.. 

<M>1    ll.'    • 

1  .l>' 

llllkcM.   ! 
Ic.l    ■,>    • 

ll  il  , 

ll  .1  iiM  :, 
1  he  mil' 

ilr.r 

\i'^l  (11    ' 

■■•: 

Mil  ..I    . 

:■:,'. 

'1   III  ill  \ 

r  .<>'. 

1  il  1  'H'l'  1 .' 
Ill     .ilmii' 

'  1    '  '\ 

IruMi  I'll 

'  '•  '  . 

Cl'l'llt     I 

ill«.l\- 

in.i: 

1  ;:iiii]h.l 

■  .  :1, 

mil-   Mil 

If    ,llr    ] 

'Il  !:■ 

on  III. 

null".  :■' 

a\.  Ill   I: 

■' 

>  iiiiii'li 

Mill"  1 

1  ' 

1-  i|iii' 

■  :■ ' 

li«ilii>  ; 

to     till'  ' 

rtii  Ni'li' 

1     l'iiii\ 

!,•'. 

t.l>  III 

\  .11  nil. 

■    - 

.lllll.      1 

III   r. 

Ill   1  ■ 

■.r\  (■:  .. 

;il     ll    ~ 

'.  •  : 

UI-, lllll 
lliIlT   II 

-■'. 

•  ~in  r.ii 

-111  l.ll . 

,  ,    ;  ll,,' 

1 

lllll.- 

l>l.i: 


ll    -111 
-nil   I 


nlijj  |i-,  mill : 
Till  I       :■  ■• 

lliiiii       '   "'■■' 


i 


I  Mr  ■ 


It 


>i  ii>x 


':fil 


'    if  1 


t'  I  ■ 


'  t 


i. 


.-v,,.--^--^' 


■r  / 

-  ■  /< 


Alaniim  Anchnrngp.  N   I  y  W.,  I  uii 


X 


s.:ir  K. 


s.',>-  r.. 


I'riiH.-  l.-.laiiil,SSi;  ,;iO:{ffct.  I     .ler'sll:i 


Kli-lriiiNnii  lvo(  ki,  off  \'.r'-t  I'liil  cif  Sati  Mixiiil  Isiiii 


/: 


/*- 


f"  ■■ 


■^^,.-^^•^1^,^ 


1/ 


if 


-gg»g»>^*"^'-«"i\ r  - 


Two  Rorka. 
AlaniiiH  Anchnragf>.  N   Iv  \V.,  I  mile.         8E.  aide  Suuta  Cruz  Islaud,    (1851,) 


Vv 


Vt><alfc>idg'^--»aOr. 


K.Tf  "00  feet.  500  ftiet. 

;sr.  ,:iO:iffct.  I       ler's  Ilarl.i.r.  S.  l.y  K.r.  iMilt-«.  N.irtli  S.ilr,  San  Mi»{iicl  Wnnd.     (lASi!.! 


,«*3i*S3*^ 


<)trv..-.t  i'IhI  cif  Sati  MiKiirl  iNiiiiul.  NW.I>>  N'.,i  iinli'. 


M, 

> 

}-X 

A  ' 

i 

1 

■i^- 

r 

i 

'( 

1  f 

1"  i 
M  _: 

Ilnllh 

I.. :  o| 

ii,    ■  ',M-( 

-.llllil 
.  ■..-I'  I 
M  ill  r 

11 


11 

n  .li'- 

.;■ 

1.  :,.!s 

;iimI   III 

? 

Willill 

^ 

Ci-ll,. 

1 

ll  ■  1.  1 

Vv 

II 

fi;. 

.'It   llir 

.!» 

1 1  ' 

;r 

(-    •  ■ 

I   ■  •i,,i\ 

a       i    Inl 

;. 

\1.   >1     ;, 

l.lllt 

,;;- 

Ii-lllii-; 

fll 

l'I...„l, 

.vV 

lis 

•i'i' 

i 

It 

1^.  I.I  III. 

1 

/•'.. 

i 

!;■  iiiii'l 

yi   ii 


I.I  I 


i 


I'A(  MIC    foAST    I'll.or.  It.") 

i"I   ii\i'  anil  ;i  liair  milfs  tumi  llic  wcstci  n  |Miiiit  of  San  ^l  iuiicl,  ami  .-oiidi  (•i;;li(ys»'V('n  ilt'j,'rct's 

■  >   ^7     ^^  .  ,  ili>ianl  .sc\in  and  a  half  inilo  lioin  tlic  niii  lli  |Miiiit. 
1 1>  ;^nii;iii|i|iiral  |MPMliiiii  IS  : 

l.alituilr :il       If,      (!•,•     inntli, 

l..iii>;iliiilf. 1-jH       ;',|       II      ».>!. 

l!  1 1, IS  ili'iji  w  alrr  all  aiiMiiiil  it,  I  liiii    liiinu  lliii  I  >   ti>  I'ni  i  \  latlmiris  v\  it  liin  mii'  tlilnl  ul'  a  inllr. 

:-  (--let  IS   tlir  ui'slrriiiiiiist    laiiil   ul'  till'   Santa    jlailiaia    i>laiiils   ami    lioiii  it   I'miil  Tnni  r|iriiiii 

i;  liiais  nm  ill    nim'   ili'^'icfs  west  iN.'.'     \\  .  .  i|i>l.int  |\Mnt\  mii'  inili's.      I'nint  .\r;;iiilli)  hears 

lui'lilN   I'lM'   ilr;:M'fs  wi'st      N .  L'.">     \V  .  .ilislalil    tliilt.\   inili'^,  ami    the  lllshnli  K'eiU.  iili  ( 'iirtes 

I  .  licai's  siHil  li  lilts  ile;,'irivs  cast  i  S.  ."ill     il  !,  ili>i  aiil  mil'  liiimlii'il  ami  I  u  inl  v  two  inili's. 

Nil  Uclii  is  ii'|iuilri|  aiiiiiml  this   rmi,. 

iiiniii. —  It  I-.  |iiii|iiisiil  t'l  plaif  a  irldKiliiiii  liiii'i/  \\i^\  iiiilsiiii' 111'  IJii'liaiiUiin    l.'inU. 
II  i/m<h   /i'()(7..  aliiilll   mil'  IiiiiiiIh'iI   \aiils  in  cxlrllt  ami    liltiell   trri   alinvr  Ual'T,  llrs  mntli  liflv- 
I    .lr;;irfs  West  (  N  . .")  I     \\  .    IxMi  ami  niir  i|iiai  Icr  III  I  Irs  rinin  I 'unit  I  laiiis.  the  imi  t  li  |iipi  III  iil'  Sail 
i.rl.  With  a   iri-r  >tlrl<lilli;^   lirailv  I'lir  mill'  linrlli    n- lit  \  -tin  ce    ilr-iris  wol      N.  S;i      W,j  Ihfli'- 
I  lifir  are  t  \mi  |  mints  ul    this  reel    \  isilile  a  I  i  \l  nine  lm\   w  atei  s,  ami  ime  i|iiaitei'  of  a  mile 
"I   iht'sf  ail'  two  shiial   s|iiils,  .me   hem;;   one   liiimlnil   ainl    lillN   \  aids  distant  with  sixteen 
■  l   u, Iter  nil  it.  ami  the  other  three  hnmlieil  >  aids  distant  \n  illi  twelve  teel  of  water.      Midway 
!•  Ill  llie  extreme  i-.ieks   and  \\  ilsiiii    i;i  ik  ale  three   sunken    rneks,  ami   one  i|iiaiter  ul"  ii  imle 
!!.  I'l    Wilson  l\oiU   IS  aiioiher  sunken   imk.      The   ehait    nIimiiIiI  he   emisnltiil      ir  other  rocks 
>^i'  III  the  main  one.     The  \  iiinitv  should  he  a\  mdeil.  liei'aii>e  III  thick  or  I'lij^uv   ..<  athei  the  deep 
.11  iiiiiiiediatel.x  aioiind  the.>e  dan^jeis  ;:iMs   little  or   mi  u  ainiii;,'.      Ihiiinu    liea\,\    northwest 
^  llie  -.ea  lileaks  enlllil\    ii\er  the  In. till  riiik.       No  kel|i  I-.  le|iolteil  aiolllld  this  reel'. 
I  he  ;;eo;;i  qihlCll   jiiiMliiih   "t'    Wilson    l.'iM-Jv   Is; 

l.aliiiiil.- :'.l       "i;      t-.'     iiorlli. 

I.i'iinitiiili' I'-'ii       '.'.1      •"•;!      wisl. 

It  is  loealls  known  as  the  West  li'mk. 

\\ .  ^iiiitl  Shoiil. —  I'liokeii,  ioek.\    nioiiml  iNteiids  IN    ipearl\  a    straight    line   tor  one  ami  ii  halt' 

■  ~  mii'tliuest  three  i|iiaiters  west  i  N  \\  .  ,'  W.  Ii  oiii  I  he  iimi  liwest  point  of  the  island  to  a  small 
■  iiji  lit  sunken  iiM  ks  I  lose  tiiyether  just  outside  the  kelp  tield.  I'tolii  this  j^l'iillp  the  shoal  ex- 
.■!■-  -oiiihvM  >l  S  W  .  .iiie  and  a  hall'  inihs,  and  theme  south  I  hire  ipia  Iters  east  S.  J  K.)  for  one 
•\   iilie  thud  IlillcN    Id    the    exilemit.v    ol    the    \i>ili|e    Ineks    oil    Ihe    uesleni    point    ol    the    Island. 

iliin  lhe.se  limits,  u  liich  aic   toleialilv   well   mat  ked    li,\   kelp.  I  heie  are  iii.iiin  dan>;eis.  iiiclmliii;; 
'If  h'oek.  al  II  III  I   li\  e  ei;;htlis  of  a  mile  hioad  oil    the  iim  I  liu  est  shore. 
iWothiids   of  a    mile   mntlieast    l)\    north   half  muth     Ml.  h\    N.  I  N.ifroin  W'esicott    Shoal 
•  1 1   1>  .1  lour  fit  III  I II I  sou  ml  i  11  j;.  where  it  is  prohalile  a  liieak  oeiius  in  In  ii\  \  ueai  her.     This  sound- 
_' i.s  near  the  ml  \\  ell,  one  and  a  halt    miles  north  ii\  ea^t     N.  Ii>    1'.     liom  Castle  K'nek. 

Ili/<7,i.//'  /.(i/(/(   !.>  a  sunken  mek  with  til'leen  feet  ut   xv.iiei  npmi  it.      It  lies  one  half  mile  broad 

'111   voiith  sjinie.  thiee  aiid  a  half  miles  from  the  western  point  and  tour  iiiihs  from  the  eastern 

'  "I    iheisl.iml.      Its  exact   position    is  oil"   and    a    half  miles   smith    eights   Ililee   ile;;rees  west 

W.    Ii ('look   I'miit.  and   mi  the  i.in;;e  nl'  llii-   pniiil    and  Saiid\     I'niiil.   the  western   ex- 

iii:i.\  III  Saiit.i  l;o-.a  Island.  It  is  marked  li\  ki  'p.  with  ,i  kelp  lield  |o  the  east  and  to  the  west, 
I  liiul.  roik\   hot  loin,  w  It  h  t'l  mil  three  In  ni\  laihom^  of  w  ,i  lei,  ex  I  ends  IVmii  it  to  the  north-iiortli- 

■  iiid  e  iv|  iioitheast  .  N  N  W  .  and  \'.S\'..  touaid>  the  ■-lime  in  Imtli  cases.  It  has  twenty 
^  of  watei  i  milled  1,1  III  \  I  lilt  side  of  it,  and  Irmii  iiulil  to  t  uel\c  tat  In  mis  inside  to  the  iioi't  li- 
in isiw.iiil  (  N  m;.  . 

'■-'/(   /,i<(7., — Tlii.s  roek\   i>lel,lwo  hnmlicil  and  tml>  .\aids  hueu fast  and  west  li\  si\t,\  ,\aiils 
'  III.  Iie>  one  and  a  hall    iiiilo  iimlli  li.\  east    N.  1>>  il.ifioin  I'oiiit   lleniiell. 
Ii  •-  f,'eii;;raph     .il   povition  IS  : 

l,.ilililitr :!l        I'"       I-.'      lii'llli 

I :;|ii|.l,.  t-.'ii        ■.'!        '.' '•      \M  -I . 

I'  IS  ,1  lliiei'  headed  i^lel,  one  li  II  ml  lei  I  and  f.ill.\  IiM'  feet  in  he  i::  hi.  in  the  middle  of  the  kelp- 
||  north  of  Point  llciineit.      .\  depth  of  six  and  se\en  lallimns  nf  water  i-  Imiiid  around  il. 

/•'nil/ ./r.»i(H</ exists  in  the  kelp  one  and  one  ihiid  miles  nmili  li\  west  N.  h.\  \V,i  from  Point 
nmtt  ami  two  thirds  of  a  mile  west  liy  south  ( W  .  h\  S.)  from  Ca.stli'  Kock. 


l^ 


I 


ll  C 


•ifif 
"'  J  .If 


\ 


^y 


l&^-  ,  !] 


rii 


II' 


|. 


M  V- 
I.    > 

'<  ! 


■*  m 


d 


n 


I'Aciiic  citAsr  I'li.nr. 


Ill    lIlC    lu'l|>.    t  Wl>   lllllll>    III      .1    lllllf    I 


.isl  iim  IIm'MnI  1  I',N  l!.i  tVniii  CioipI,  I'miit,  IIhii'  is /• 


I  ;i  li.iir  t.itlnMii'i  ol'  \v.il<'r.  IIk'  l.lttfl   alxiiil  two  lllllis  nl   ;i  liillr  liiiiii  sliiirc. 


ami  (line  am 

'I'lu' ilaiiuri  >  iilV  Canlwfll    roiiit.ami  nlV   I'lOiil   I'.i  niMtl,  ami   at   lln'\\t"<|    of  Siiimni 
arc  ili's<  rilu'il  limit  r  llii>>c  licads,  alitl  I  lie  ilali;;ti  s  in   (  ii\  li  i  s  II  ii  Imi  an-  di-i  i  ilird  lliiif. 

'I'll  I  lie  kmKv    i>U'Is  till  llir  iiniili  ami   iioiiIumsI  .s|iIc>  nl   San   .Mi;:ml    Ulaml  \  a.>l   iiii 


sia  liini>i  ri'»iii 


I,  ami  llii'  Mimmits  <>t  tlinx'  lii-\i>ml  tin-   ii.irli  nt  tlii'-<r  aiiiiiials  iiic  cumii  <| 


;iiami  a 


li'l   \v  itll   ncs|>  111    SIM  Cow  1  illll  lll;^  till'  lilrtilni^  sraMill. 


'rinri-  IS  cm-  lia>  ami  ^cx  i  ral   amliiiia;:i'>  ainiiiiil  llii>  i->laml  as  rnllnws : 


( 'i(i//i  IS  lliirlioi  .- 

I  ill    >1\I\    1  VVll  l\f'-\l 


.'I'Ih'  tliiM^I  larr  nl  tli<'  island,  stri'tclllll;:  xiiitli  Mvt\   I  «  ii  i|c;;i  rts  c 


Wfsl     S 


lij     i:.  ami  N.  "i-l     \N  .'  lot  liHiraml  a  hall 


i»t  .ll:i', 

null's,  i>  null  nlrO  r/  drr 


tile  iinilli  point  liy  Ciivlri's   liailior.      I'liis  IS  till'   lirsi    liaiboi'  aioiiiid  lilt'  island  ami  Is  a  iiiii.!< 
att'h  !aii;t'  lia\.     ll  is  a  littif  iiioi'i'  tliaii  oiif  iiiilf  t'rlwi'iii  tlif  rast  and  VM'st  lit'ads  and  alioii!  i  , 


I  liiiijs  ot   a  null'  I 


ii'i'|..      it 


lias    ||I;;||,   holi 


i    sliuii's  and  a|i|iroai'lii's,  ami  a    iaii;!'    iim'I>\  i-lii. 


I'liim    Isliiii'l.  hair  a  iiiilt'  iioitli  ot   till- t'aslt'iii  lirad.      Tills  isli-t  i-i  i|iiiti'  intimiiifiit.  iisr^  |,, 'i:, 
iiiindiiil  ami  tliiff  litt  fii'valioii,  is  livf  iiumiit'd  vaids  m  cvtciil.  ami  lias  a  iirt'iiiiiloii-.  Ian  t  •!' 

liollh  lioi  liiwi- 


..t    NNW..     Ti 


u'lt-  IS  a  ilf|illi  III  si\  ami  si\  i 


n  rallioins  of  V  atfi  till  its  .stiiiliiiii 


Ai'ioss  till-  inoiitli  111  thi'  iiarlioi  stiililn's  a  ilnisi'  ma-s  ot    l%i'l|i,  lia\  in;;  six  t.itliiiiiis  tiiidn;;liMiii  i|,, 
;:i'i'att'i  jiait,  liiit  iiiai'l%t'd  li,\   I  uo  ii'ils  md   lorks   nrai    tlif  ninldli'  ami  aiiiinst    tii  liiir  lul  un  a  i!i.' 


W 


Till'  M'slclli  of  tiifsr    it'fts,  n.iiiii'd     Mnl'llr    //or/,.  In  ais    soillii    liltx   lillii'    tlt';;ri  i  s 
,  di-t.int  loiir  tilths  ot   a  null'  fioin  till-  \M'st    iiidhi  ot    I'limt'    IsiamI;   ami    tlii-   I'lili 


('(in    A'oi /,.  Ill  tilt'  liilddir  ot    t  ili'  rastn  n   i  irt,    lii-als    sniilh    si'Mlitfi'li  iit';;lt't  . 


VM'st  iS.   IT      W 


taut  oiii-  til  lid  tit'  a  iiiilf  I'm  in  tin'  saiiii-  |iiiiiit,  w  iiiisi  a  u»U  oiir  ijiiai  tiT  ol'  a  mili'  liii  t  lit  r  in  tin  \:u 
'it's  till  tlif  saiiir  iiiif.  Ill  tlif  tMsti-rn  pa  it  ol'  t  li  c  iiailioi  iu'  thii-f  iofU,\  palflns,  all  iion;:li  i;ii'  |u> 
sai^f  \va\  tiiroii;;!i  ihfiii,  ami  lii'lwffii  rrim-f  island  ami  tiif  tast  iitad  of  ilif  iiailioi.  hi'  :;" 
ami  ,1  lia't'  to  m\  am!  a  liall  latlioins  nf  walfi. 

\  issf  Is  foiiiinv;  into  tin-  li.ii  lior  from  t  In-  iioi  t  h  wi'si  j.ass  om  iialf  mi  If  to  t  lif  f  ast  w  aid  I'l  1.  i:; 
ilai  lis,  and  ;:iadiial!>  li.nii  rinsii  m  ii  ii  I  il  aim  ast  lin-  tliiid  IuliIi  iiiail,  uhnii  loiiiis  thf  »f>!rn 
point  III  till' h  II  lioi .  ^v  lif  II  tlif.v  pass  I  ill  oii;4h  t  ill'  Kf  ip  .ilioiit  ihiif  iiiimliid  vaids  tiom  tiif^liri' 
and  liaiii  in  tow, nils  tlif  Wfstfiii  lii;:lit  of  tiif  hav,  wlifn-  tlii\  amiior  in  ti\f  and  oiif  ijn  ii'ir 
'atiuiliis,  ci\  ll  h.ii  d  lioltiiin,  Willi  thf  I  ml  III  ol  I  lif  wistti  n  hfad  hf  .ii  lii;;  imitii  sf  \  i-n  di  .:i '  i  -  ■  .•' 
N.  7  I-'..  ,  and  thf  lirst  lioiisf  s  oil  thf  shoi  f  lifai  iii;;  vsfst  li.\  south  oiifi)nailfi  south  W  ''\  >  . 
S.i.      I'iiis  atiiiinia;^!'  will  l>f  aiircist  tin-  laiitiinj,'  and  sftiiiffioin  all  init  iioitii  wiml- 


W  hli  tl  r.Tr'l 


llilW. 


from  tl astfiii  paitot  thf  cliannfl   slioiild  woi  k  Wf  II  iimlf  i    I'liiiit    llairis  aid 


as  alio\  f  dliii  lid.  It.  iio\si'\fi,  linv  aif  toinpf  lied  to  c  nlti  li\  thf  lastc  rii  passa;;f.  w  lilfh  is  t.lini 
\Mlii  ivt  Ip,  llif\  still  tliioii;.'li  iiiid  ili.iiiini  liflut.ii  riiiiff  Island  and  tin-  ra.st  In-ad  of  tin-  li.it!»'r. 
and,  if  tlifv  f.in  l.i\  .i  comsf  |i;ii,i|l,.i  wjtli  tin- sonthirn  slnuf,  tlif.v  l^ffp  witlii'i  ■■;ii' i  i;;liili  •■(  i 
lllllf  of  II  until  (' m  lI'M-k  Is  \v  I'll  shut  111  oil  thf  Wfsifin  point  ot  I'linif  Island.  'I  hi^  i:  ii-:  l»  j 
diiiif  in  oiilii  to  a\oid  thf  siinlvf  ii  iiif  1;  \s  iiifii  iif.s  uii  tin-  ran;;f  of  <  "an  llock  ami  tlif  wi'Vmi  i/  jii,::; 
of  I'liiiif  Island,  and  oiif  tilt  It  of  a  iiiilf  iiisidf  thf  foiiiifi  :  I  lie  passage  liftwffii  tins  siitiUi  ;>  :i«i. 
and  Mif  shoif '.s  oiilv  oiif  ipi.ii  tf  r  III' a  lllllf  111  w  idlli.  .Mlii  p.issi  n;;  tins  iaii;,'i'.  stici  lot  ilir  in- 
ilioia-f  111  till'  Wfsifin  lii.:lit  of  liif  iiailior.  j 

'I'liis  will  lif  found  to  lie  a  \fr\  ditlifiiit  passayi'  for  sailiii;;  \  isst- Is  tliirinn  iioiIImm-sI         :•   •  | 
ilii'\   \m11  111-  oMi^i  d  to  111. I  ill'  SI  \  r-,i|  t.nlvs  to  if.if  h  t  iif  ,imlioi.i;;f ,  with  .siani  loiuii  lo  u  "t  ■• 

lif.iv  >   l»f  Ip  to  pass  thioii;:h,  ami  it  Is  i  ifominiiidf  d  I'oi   thf  m  to  fiidi  avol  to  wcatiifi   i'l  iin  ■  !•  ii''' 
and  Midi  I  If  l;ofl<.  wliiih  iiia.v  iif  approaflii'd  on  I  hf  iioi  tli  snlis  within  tuo  Inindiid  and  lit!     -  <■-'' 
«  111' n  llif\   .Mil  fftih  thf  amiioi.i^f  witiiin  tai'liin;,'.      \\  il  li  w  inds  tloiii  thf  soiitiiw  aid  ami  > 
iiowfVf  1.  It  pifsfiits  no  tiitlifuitif  s  if  thf  diifi'tioiis  all'  ilo.sfK   I'ollow  fd. 


Tl 


If   tlolillll'. 


iioiiml  III  ( 'ii\  his  llailior  is  not  nood,  noi  is  it 


Itf  It'll  tl  liiii  III 


lull  it  is  Will  pioiiitfd  I  nun  all  winds  f  \ffpt  tioni  tin  mutli  and  i  ast,  wlmli  ;iif  i.iif.  \\ 
lif  tilitaiiifd  .It  thf  siii.iU  hull  Sf  oil  thr  liillsiilf.  lliiiiiiL'  winlft.  tl-  -h  uatfi  diaiiis  tlowii  1 1 
till-  wistfiii  |i.n!  ol  tiif  ion;:  litMfh  sou  tlif  ast  li.ilf  soiilli    SI'",.  *  S.)  tioiii  tiif  amlitila;;f. 

llif  ;;fo;:iapiiir.il    posiiion   of  tiif   sinniint    ol    I'limf    Isl.ind,  w  Inili   istlini'   huiitln 
lifi-lil.  Is: 

•■■''"'"''■ ill    (i:i   -j;!     iiiiiili 

I,iili;;illlili' [.J,,     ,_,,,    n;,      „,.,( 

Or,  ill   iiiiu- s"  up"  •,'ii».:). 


HIH'. 

iiMuiiiiiii  I ,.  . 
Ilii'ii'. 

I>l    lili: 

•  ciix  fli  il  u  ■ 


Iiilrlitril  II     , 

ml   !■<  .1  I :i 

iikI  ,iIm.  :  I  , 

k\  l-l.t 

iiU~   1,11  ■    : 

Miiillii  I  ii  > .;. 
Iiiiiii;;!:'  Il"  ;!. 
If  111  I  u. . .   • 

-r.T-   ■    ■    -  ; 

(•    lurl-,  :,  ,         I 

V  17    u  .,1.  ; 

ilicr  III  iIm     I    i 

|HI|I;;1|    '    Il    j    ,-     : 

ilii'i.  Ii.i-  :.  ;■• 
.I\\:ilil  1  '  1  . 

I>      till'         M    -    ' 

illllll  11'.  -   ■   , 

I  I'lll 

Il    i|l';^l  1  1'  '  .■     i' 

II  W,  ^>  >■  '. 

i,  «  lin  i,  I  •:■ 

■||>  .11  '! 
\N  lilr. 

if  lln    'i  i:  » 
ir  (•l;;lil|i  I't 

I  Ins  iiiii>i  I- 

VM'VU'I  li  [ii'm, 
.   Slllll.'-:'  '■" 

I   l.ll  -1   • 

»  c^I   «  lllll.S.r 
,   ',\  .ifl,  III,  .111' 

I.I  !■: 

mil  I,,-   >  i.'i  ■ 


W 

II  II 

f. 

iilii  il  '•"'■ 

111. 


i'.\('ii'ic  ciiN-r  \'\<  ,,r.  97 

I  nun  I'liiu'i'  I^laml  we  li;i\i'  tlif  rolluw  in;,'  li(';iriii;,'s  iiiiil  iIi.staiiccM: 

I'.iillt    (    i.lll.|i.llMl     l.lnlll N.IIIJ        W.  01 J   IIIIICH. 

Sill. Ill  lliiiliiiiii   l.i«lit \.  Hi     K.  IK'.i  iiiiliH. 

W  .  -t  I'.  11  lit  iif  Sinil.i  (ill/  Nliiiil \  Tj       I'..  'Jl     III  ill's, 

\  ii\ilii>;;i;i|>!iii' ,sk»'lcli  <)('('ii\lrrs  Il.iilinr  h.is  linii  |iiilili.s|iril  liy  t  lit' ( 'iiii.st  iiiiiH  icodctir  Siir- 

mil  ilir  rliarl  (if  llic  S.inia  I'.aili.ii,!  riianiiil  slmw.s  it.s  ri'lalioii  to  tin-  i.sl.nnl,  I'lijnt  Coiu'i'ii- 

I      .:  .  I'll'. 

I  ill'  (^l.l■^l  SiiiM'.v  .-iiT Iar,\  ,i.'<tnnu)iiiiiMl  >l,ilii>ii.  ul  IS.'iJ,  i-;  on  I  lie  .-.i  ml  Invest  part  of  ( 'iiylcr.s 

|i  ■  i'.ii,  aliiiiii  liiii.s  Iril  ii|>  I'll  tilt!  Iiillsjdr,  Men  111!'  |iiiMtiiiii  lit'  liii' lioii.sc  al»it'a,st  llu' aiiclu)ia;;f. 
I      ^  iiuia|iliiral  |iii>ilii'ii  i.s: 

l..iiiiiiili<  Ill';  iKi   ii7  ■  Tiiirtli. 

1,1  Mini  I  mil" I'.'ii    'Jl    IH     wist, 

I  M.  Ill  liino -    I'l  '  'JT*,;!, 

Till'  rniiiimtfd  iiiauiii'tii'  vaii.ilmii  was  1.")  (Ml'  cast  Jaiiiiar\  I,  ls.S."»,  ami  iiicicasiii;^  1',L' 
..     ■u.illv. 

h.'Jhiiini  .\ii(lioi-ii<ii\ — On  llic  .siiuili  .■sliiiic.  almiit  (iiif  mile  west  tVoin  ( 'anlwcll   I'uiiit,  l.s  this 

I  II  iii.iil>it'ail,  wlit'i'i'  .small  ciaft  aiiclinr  I'm'  iimti'i'liuii  linm  tin-  imrtliwfstfrs  ui  sfvt'ii  I'atliums  dI" 
\      If.  niic  i|iiaiti'l'  i>r  a  mill'  nil'  sliuif,      'I'lirn-  ,ui'  -in.ill  |i.ilrln's  111'  |u'l|i  aliili:;  llii'  sliiMc. 

/.'i.iif  hinilitui — On  the  soiitli  slnui',  aluml    tun  ami    l\\ii  linn!.-,  iiiilcs  w  (.■-1  uanl   Ikhii  Cinlwt'U 
jl  111,  ami  (III  flif  wi'st  sii|i>  III'  ("rnnk  I'mnt,  tlnii'  i^  a  .^iii.ill  imlffitatidii  in  tin'  plat  i-aii.  nldm'  iiiiar- 
■    ii  I  "1  .1  iiiilr  III  wiiltli  ami  tlni'i'  liiimlri'il  >  anls  i|i'('|i,  im  inin;;  a  ;,'iiiiil  Imat  l.nulinu  mi  llic  lii-acli  in 
.;  II  .   ii.iitliucst  |i.nt  of  it,  liiil  llicri' is  no  am'liiii.i;;i', 

l./r(i/i.<  I 'nit' — ( )ii  t  III'  si  11 1  til  sale  of  I  111'  «  i'>|i'i  11  I  ml  111,  a  1 11  lilt  tun  th  His  ol  a  iiiili'  ('a.-^l  .\anl  from 

ti  '  rNlniiiity,  >iiii  ill  \  cSM'ls  liiiil  a  s.itt' aiii'lima;;!' .mil  pioicrtion  Iniiii  iioithwcst   wimls,  l)ut  tlm 

:    ;i:'[ini.ii'lii's  aic  fiiibiililui^  niilcss  to  tlio.->i'  ai'i|naiiitt'il  «\  illi  tlicm.     This  atU'lioi'a<;i'  is  nami'il  Ailains 

I  n!i  >■  lUijht. — On  till'  south  short',  oiif  ami  tlnt'i'-iin  n  tcis  miles  fast  w  a rd  of  Point  ncinictt,  tlit'iv 

1-  .1  ~:  11.1 11  i  mil' I  It. 11  ion  III  t  lie  noi  i  liu  I'sti'iii  part  of  ihc  lii^lii  iimli'i  Ilir  lii.:;li  liliiil,  \v  Ihtc  aiiflioi.i^^f  is 

j;  h  ,'i  111  s|\  ;niil  ;i  hall  to  »' I  u  III  f,ii  lionis  of  u  ali'i .  u  ii  ii  tin'  pi  mil  to  ihr  \m'>i  u  anl  ln'armi;  soiithufst 

1'      \w  si  llii pl.irtfis  wt'st   (SW,  l)\    \V.    ,'    W,  ,    illst.ilit    one  II. ill    llllli'.       Tllt'lr    is   ,l    l,n',^i'    tirld    of 

K     |i  111  llic  south  and  cast  of  it,  lint  lu'twciii  it  ,ilid    Vdams  ('o\  f  the  kflp  is  waiiliir,;, 

^iiiiiifihiu  <'iirt:, —  riir  norlhucst  tare  ol  the  isl,iml,  1\  iii;^  noiil.iast  and  sniillnM'st  ( N  I'^.  and 
S  "  .'.  Is  li\c  milt',s  Ion;:,  ami  its  not  th.'asiii  ii  h.ilt  is  a  limail  liiuht,  .si|iiari'  opt'ii  to  tlif  tiortli- 
ii'tiliwi'si  (NXW.),  two  and  one  third  milrs  inwidili  and  two  thirds  ol  a  mili' ilci'p.  Its  south- 
W' ^!l  III  part  is  iiaiiifti  Simon  toll  ( 'o\  I',  u  licic  ,iiu  lini:i;:c  mis  In'  li.id  in  I'lom  four  to  >i\  fathoms 
I'l   A  iih'i .  with  I  lit'  point  to  till'  VM'st  w.iid  luai  iiu  ^  <  >'  ( ^^  '    dist.ml  oiii'  i'i;:litli  of  a  inili'. 

llic  iinitlii'a.stfrn  part  of  this  l)i;,dit  is  tilled  w  ilh  ,i  field  of  Uclp  one  and  a  half  miles  loii;j  ;iiid 
c  third  hroad,  l.\  ill;;  par.illel  «  ith  the  shore,  Siietelnii^  out  one  iliiid  ot' a  mile  iiorthwi'sl  (  N' \V.) 
I:  Ml  llic  southwest  pom  I  of  Simon  ton  (  ov  e  is  \  civ  Ion  I  ;'i(iiiiid  and  rocks.  On  the  s.ime  lieariii;; 
:r  I  iliii'c  ipi.ii  tei  s  of  a  mile  II  om  I  he  pmiil  is  foul  Imi  loiii  w  iili  tince  f.ilhoiiis  u.itcr  in  a  p. it  eh  of 
k'    1.  upon  the  outer  lioider  of  which  is  a  depth  of  fouiiccn  fathoms. 

'I'lic  si  lore  of  this  north  w  est  lii;,'lit  is  marked  li\  dunes,  troiu  u  hicli  the  s.iml  is  driven  over  the 
li  ,  11  •  I  pall  of  till  isl. Mid,  and  over  the  neck  into  ('iivleis  llailmi,  'riicse  sand  dilt'ts  show  the 
;;'    I'l.d  di  lection  of  the  wind,  «  Inch  is  so  stimi::  ih.il  deep  ai  lovos  .ne  cut  across  the  isl.md  b.v  the 

I I  li'ii  ol   the  dri\  111;;  s.ind.      The  lii;^liest   p.ii  I  ot'  the  Isl.iud  is  ch.llinclcd  I'V    tliese  airoyos. 

/(,/',,», —  1  111.  iiilcs  were  oliseivcd  ill  Ciivlcis  1  lai  Iml .  .iiid  ma\  he  assumed  to  he  the  same 
ic  mill   the   isl.ind.      The  Correclctl    I'lstahlishliielit,   or  mean   interval    lietwceii   the   time  of   the 

III  'Ill's  transit  ami  the  lime  of  ln;;li  watei ,  is  I  \ '■  tti".  The  mean  rise  ami  fall  of  tides  is  tlnee 
a-,  !  s,'\,.|i  ii'iiihs  t'eet  ;   of  spriii;;  titles,  livf  and  one  Iclilli  tect  ;   ami  ol   iicap   tides,  two  and  ei;;ht 

t'      Is  tcci.      The   me. Ill   duration  of  the   llood  is  (I     l,'i   .  and  of  tl Mi  i.''  •"•   .     The  avcra^i'  tlif- 

li'iicc  licivveeii  the  Coirecteil  l''.stalilisliinciit  of  the  .i.  iii,  and  p,  m,  tides  ot'  the  same  tlay  is 
I  HI  fill  ln;.di  w. Iter  ami  1''  !t '"  for  low  water,  llic  dilVcicnccs,  when  the  moon's  tleelinatioii  is 
;;■'  .ilcsl,  aie  J''  ."ip"  ami  1"'  1'-""  respeetnflv .      The  aMiaLic  dilVciciice  in  lieiulit  of  these  two  titles 

G  i.s'iiic  ami  six  tciith.s  feet  for  ijic  In-li  waters  and  two  and  a  li.ilf  feet  I'm  the  low  waters.  When 
tl"  moon's  tlecliiiation  is  y;reate.st  llie.se  tlillcieiiccs  arc  two  and  six-teiilhs  feet  anil  three  ami  six- 
tl  ills  feel,  respfctivt'lv.  The  avera;;i'  ditVcicmc  of  the  highest  hiudi  and  lowest  low  waters  of  the 
t*.i:icda\  Is  live  ,iiid  eiuht  tenths  feel,  and  w  hen  the  moon's  dci  linaliou  is  ;;reatcsl,  .si\  and  ciylit- 
17JU   I'  c 7 


%l\ 


\    t"il   t  il 


IJi- 


1^  r 


Its  I'Aciric  COAST  ni.oi. 

flMltlls  lr«'l.      Tlir  IiIl:1u'-I   Im;,'1i  t:il('  111  till'  Hvrlilv    four   lliillls  (MTIIIS  alMHit  A^'  Xt'"  al'ltT  th.'  IlilNiir* 
ll|l|><'l     tlMllsIt     IMHItillll;:    ,    Wlll'll     till'    lllllllll'.S     llrrllll.lllOII     is    lim  tll,   ami     IIImiIII     .">'      't\'"    llllnlr.   h{,,.| 

soiiili.     'I'lii' liiwi  >t  III'  llii'  li)\\  \v,ili'i>  iicnir^  ,il)iiiil  ><'\i-ii  .iiiil  ,1  li.ilf  Imuis  aftt  I  tlit- lii;:li,  .|  i    ' 
litlf.     jScc  Co. 1^1   and  (licdclic  Siiixcv    liilt-  lal>li>   I'm    llir  limes  ami    lui;;|il-  nl   liicli       ,; 
\»ali  In,  wliicli  ail'  Hist  taken  mil   loi  Sail  I  >n  l;ii,  am!  imsenlieil  emislaiits  a|iii|ie(|,     'i'ljc  • 
iieij;lils  an- \er\  iieail\  llie  same  as  lui  San  Mie^n.i 

'Hie  f:eu;:ra|iliic.il  iiii>iii(iii  'if  lln'  lii,uiie>i  |Miint  nl  the  i>laml,  naniel\ ,  the  easiei  n  |ieal 
I..iiiniii.' 'I      I'l     •■•I    iM'iiii 

I.CIII^IIimIi'      I'.'l'  •.'!  .'..'i       WlHl 

I  ir.  Ml  I  mil' '  ■      I'l  ■'  'JT"  i; 

'I'lie  emiipiiteil  ma;,'m'lie  v.iii.itimi  lur  ■laiiiiar.v   1,  1SS'»,  was  l."»    t-ast,  ami  tiu' annual 
is  1  .'J. 

The  islaml  <i|' San  Mi;:iiil  \\  as  ilisedveied  liy  Cal'i illtt  in   I.'IL'.  and  < 'ii\  leis   Ilarlmr  is  !|„  ;,.,, 
in  whii'li  lie  winleied.       lie  I. allied  the  Island  I. a  Is  la  de  la  I'nsesimi  and  I  lie   liai  Ixii   I. a    I';.'  r 
la   I'esesi.in  Uii'lilse   he  went   !  hi  i>ii;^li  1  he   eiii'liimiv   ut  laUliiu;  |i"»es>iiiii  iil    I  he  eciiml  i    . 
Iieie  .laiiuai\   Ti,  I'll'),   ha\  III;:  (III  eeled  Hal  tiilmne  I 'el  lelo,  his  julnl,  to  assiillie  t  he  emnm  1 1 
e\|iediiimi  and  emiliniie  llie  e\|ilc)ialiiin  as  tar  iiuiih  as  imssilile.     I'l  iielo  al'terwards  ii.,    .  , 
island   III   v^liose  hailiiii    Ins  ecin.m.indei    had    vMiileud,  diiaii    Ifiidi  i;:iii /..     The   Indian   i.      ' 
l,li|llillin,\  inn,  and  tllele  Ueli'  three  Xlllajzes  ii|Hiii  It. 

in  liitij  \'i/eaimi  n.iim  d  il  San  r.einanhi.  and  this  desi;,'nalimi  is   retaiiieil  in   the  (  ' 

eral  nf  IT'.*!   piesei  \  ed    in  the  an  ha  <  s  al   Madi  id,  nl    w  hieh  we  ha\  e  the  !  la'  in;,'  <it'  a  eii|<\     . 
1)\  Navailel''       <>ii  iiiseliall  il  is  ealled  Isia  de  liaxos. 

Ill  1771  I  >ciii  .liiaii  I'eie/,,  ciiminandni;;  the  I'li^iate  .Vi/i/i'-ivk.  named   it   Santa  Knsa.     <■ 
Spanisli  ehaits  ii  was  smneiiinrs  ealled  San   .Mi;^uel  ami  Santa   il.irliaia.     The   pieseni 
that  adttpted  \<\   \aiieciii\ ci  in    17'.t.>. 

The  total  eMeiit  ut'  the  slmre  line  ill'  the  islands  IS  alimit  tssD  hiindied  and  lilt\  miles. 

Tin;  I'As.sAiiKs  iii;i\\i;r.N  iiii;  I.si.anhs  i>i-  riii.  Sama  Haiiiiaka  ('ha.n.m;i,. 

Tin;    ANAl  Al'A    I'ASSAiiK. 

Tills  passa;.'i'  lies   li(t\Meii   the  island  nl    Anaeapa  mi   the  east   and   Santa   Cni/mi   ' 
The  iieaiesi  puiiiis  i.|   ilir  islands  ln'  suiiih  ei;,'lii\  scmh  .ind  a  hall  de^^rees  east  and  nmi! 
si'M'ii  and   a    hair  cle;;iees   west  (S.  .s7A     I),  and    N.  .s7;^     \\  ./  110111   each   iitliei.  and   ale   h- 
apart.  «hieh  IS  the  wiillli  nl'  the  eli.lliliel.      .\s  these   points  ale  sliai  p,  tiu'ie   iiia\   lie  .said 
li'li;.'lh  lo  ihe  eliaiiiiel.      ;  Si^e  Aiiae.ipa  and  Salil.i  <  1 11/  jsl.imis.i 

There  aie  lin  millv  ini:   loiKs  oil    either  Isl.md,  and  the  w  .itel    is  Imld  elose  up  tll  llielii 
llieieaiiv   daiit;i'rs  in  the  pass, i;,'e,  and  the  depi  h  ot  water  r,inm-s  I'loni  iweiilv   li\e  to  I'mt 
o\  er  .1  liol  'olii  of  em  .il,  c-oai  se  sand  and   pel  lilies,  SI  ml  ,11  id    shells.       There  Is    Kelp  eliise  ui     ■  ;  ^ 
I'edio  I'oiiil  on  the  wesi  and  .Niiae.ipa  mi  the  east,  lint  lioiie  in  llie  eh.innel. 

Tuo  ami  a  li.ilt'  miles  south   \<\  west   (S.  Ii.\   W'.i   lioni   the  easleriiniosi    pmni  m'  S.r       1 
Isl.iml  tliiie  is  ,1  ilejiih  111   mill'   ralhiiins  one  una'  oil   slime,  .ilVoidin;:   aneln)ra;,'e  umlei    i 

eiimllllolis.       .SMlll;:;:lels  ('ii\e  Is  also  used  as  Mil  aiielima;.'e         I'l  i  the  .siilltlieasi     the    sollli.! 
into  ;;ieal  ileplhs  \ei\   siiddeiily.  willi  liotlmn  ol    ^leeii  iiiiid  and  line  ;.'ia.v  s.iml. 

The  eiiiielil    Ihloii-li    this   ehaiilii'l    Is.  so    l.u    as    kiio«n.   ;;eneiallv    to   the   smitliw.ii 
•leeasiDiiall.v  inns  to  the  ninthwestu.ird. 

I  III:   .-^ANI  A    ri;i  /    rilANM'.l.. 

This  elianml  ties  lietWieli  the  sunt  h«  isti  in  shore  of  .<,ilit.l  ('ill/    Isjiiid  ,'ind  the  not 
shmeorSant.i  l.'osa   Inland.      I'.ei  uein  the   iimihern    points  ol   eiiti,ini'e  il   is   ,si\    mili'- 

I  let  ween  the  soiithelli  | Is  (i\  e  miles.       Its  leli-lh  Is.  i:;hl  miles  and  the  ^.'elieial  dlleelloi 

it  IS  noiihsvi'-f    li\   iioiili   and    smillieasi    li\  s.nuli    N\\.  li\    N.  ,imi    SM.  Ii>  S),     Thiii 
oiill>in-    lo.'l,.  i,il   iiihei    shore,  ami    the  \*. iter    i>  liold   il.isf    up  to  the    isl.imls.     Tlieiv 
Iiieks  elose  to  the  iioitheasl  and  east  points  of  S.inl.i  Uo^.i.  ami  oil    the  \Mst  and  soiilln^ 
of  .San  I  a  ('ill/,  lull  ihe.N  laii  not  In-  leekoiied  as  iiaii;;i'is  in  I  he  iliaiinel.     1  See  ( 'an  in;;  ton.  ' 
and  K.tst  I'oinisiif  .■s.mt.i    lo.s.i.and  (lull  Isl.ind.  Sant.i  (  111/.  i 

The  ;:eni'ial  depth  of    Ihi-  ehanilel   l~  Il sexellleeli  In  llilll,\   fallliims  of    water,  IIM'I 

ol  graj  «aml  and  bmlu'ii  siiells.     The  deep  water  from  smiihward  makes  up  into  llie  e,i- 


(if  Mil 

f.ili 

fjtiiolh 

^  ill  I 

ji       '.11  tell  t 

'■      lit  S.lli- 

|i  spei  ; 

Tl' 

;■      Illiile  S'^ 


■|:    III!    |.:issi 

-f  "II iiiiiy:. 

Sailii 

I  ""'  ' 

J    ll:e  h'l'  of 

-1    II  m|,t  Ciii 

;|    'i  lleoti   S 

llaii;,'enill 

H"lnidlli'': 


r  111. 

Imi.. 

lii-l. 

i-li 

lir  • 

IC.ll, 

llr 

<l 

nil. I 


I'AI'IIIC     (ii\<|      I'll, Ml. 


99 


1     . 

mil  1' 

s    11. i:    .   , 

III    II. 1     ' 

(•  r.i:;  1  1,. 

CO|i\    1  1  IM.i 

s;l,      1  '  . 

si'lil       !;!•    ■ 

llllrs. 

M.l.. 

nil    l!i 

A  I  »■ 

iiirlli 

'►■■') 

.'  f..i. 

:i,  !, 

sai.l  • 

"   ' 

irlii 

'ill  !  ' 

.if 

nl  1 
Sr    IIIp 

r|    >l 

■    S.I!    • 

,    1    ,„ 
,.1   .1. 

n    J  1 

illM'l 

1  •]  .li'. 

(,|  !!,f  ( li.iiiiifl  a.s  a  ilct|i.  iianttw.  Miliiii.imii-  \  allr\  ul  (di,.   Inuiilivil  ami    lil'ty  ralli(iin.>»,  willi  llCty 

1,1  li sctiLsr  Id  it.     In  .siuiH' places  llic  liliN  tail i  liiii'  is  Irss  tliaii  i>ni'  iiiili-  lioni  I  In-  I  wolniiitlii'il- 

t'iillKiin  liiii';   anil  ilinctls  nil  <liill  I>l,iiii|  llic  (lf|il  li  itM'lic-s  ilncf  liiiiiilri-i|  falliuiiis. 

Ill  il'i'  limail  !■  i\i'  Mil>-  r.i;;lil  <>i    I'.ri  lni  r..i\ ijir  ikhiIm'.oi  snjc  ol  Santa  l.'ii.sa,  i.s  anrliiira},'!) 

I,  li  11  lalliiiiii>,  ii\.'r  liiir  ;;ia\  .sand  and  limUiii  -lidU,  .iml  iimli  i  I  lie  west  ami  .sKiillivve.st  points 
M  ol  .■^.iiita  Cm/ air  l'oinc\'.s  t'.ixr  ami  l'ii>a  Amlicpia-r,  ,ill  u|  ulnrli  aic  iIc.m'iiIm'iI  iiikIii  llicjr 
'l'     ii -|Mi  live  111. Ills.     (Sec  Aiulmia;;!-.,  S.iiila  Cm/ ,iiii|  S.iiiia   l.'ns.i  Isl.iniU.) 

rill  riiiii'iil  tliHHii^li  lliis  I'liaiiiii'l  IS  li'tini  ilie  Mill  llnM'.si  u  .ii'il,  aiiil  in  siiiiiiiii'i'  winil.s  IJicic  j.s 
liinii   .swell  liele  ill. ill   lliimi^'li  llie  Aliaeapa  Tassa;;!-. 

I  Tin;  s.\N  Mii.i  r.L  iw.-^.-^Adi;. 

'if. 

I'lii.'*  pilS,s;lj;e  lies  liet^eeii  tlie  Wesleill  pninl  iirs.iiili  K'nsi  islainl  ami  tile  eastern  piiillt  ol" 
Sui  Mi^'iiel  jslaml.     These  points  lie  West  l.y  m>iili  ami  e.isi  li\  .Miiitii  ^\^■.  li\  N.  iiiiil  {■;.  Ii\  S.)  riiiiii 

1,11  ll  ntlliT.  illst. lilt   three    miles.  W  il  h  a  lai  ^e    li.i;;e    (if  ullll.Mli;,'    I  neivS  nil    t  he  e.lstern   piiint  (if  Sail 

.VIiuiK'l  aiiil  lioi'ilennu  ii  Inr  one  mile.     (See  ('aii|\\ell  rmnt.i 

As  tlie  iipposile  piiilits  are  (|iiile  IMlliiw  (he  passa;4e  eaii  liaiill.\   lie  lon.sKJeieil  o\er  tuo  mile.s 

liMi^. 

The  ih'jilh  of  water  tliroii;;h  the  pass,i;,re  is  liuin  sivheii  to  Iweiitv  fallioiiis,  o\  er  line  ;;ia,v 
ttaiiil  ami  liroUeii  slielis.  Slietehiii^  niit  om  r  half  a  mile  lium  the  links  ol)  the  east  point  of  San 
Mi.;iiil  hia\\  eiirieiit  rips  are  fiiiiiiil  in  sinitherlv  ;;.ili's,  where  ihe  ,soiilli\vesteil>  swell  ami  siirl'aee 
I  III  II  III  iiii'i't  the  normal  eiineiit  lioiiitlie  inn  lli  wi^i  w  .mi.  The  soiiiiilin^'s  in  this  liiokeii  w. iter 
l.iii^i' from  ei;,'lil  tal  lioliis,  Ileal  the  loeKs,  to  ei;;ille.il  lallioiiis  lnw  ,iiils  the  fair  pa.>sa;:e  ;  ami  no 
il.lli^'els  h.ive  lieell  ill.seo\  ereil,  .ifler  .s|ieei,il  search,  o\il    this  ;;ioilli(i. 

r.liiKeii  «ater  IS  also  seen  tor  oiieei;;lilli  ol  .1  m.le  oil  .Samls  I'liiiit,  the  West  elnl  ot'  Santa 
i.'iis.i  Isl.iml,  ehiettv  atler  he. ivy  norlliuest  weather,  wUtit  a  siioiij,'  eniient  iiiaUes  tliroii;;li  the 
|Ms.x,i'_'e  lioiii  the  soiithwanl  ami   meets  the  swell. 

riiile  Is  lillle  or  no  kelp  o\  er  the  foul  ^;liililiil  oil  llie  e,|s|  eml  of  .San  Mij;llel,  lillt  tlici  e  is  a 
lli'lil.  Irmii  a  hall   to  one  mile  Ino.iil,  eMemlin^  all  aioiiml  liie  western  eml  ol   S.inia  Inis.i. 

.\11  ve.ssel.s  atlemptin;;  the  .S, in   .Miuiiel    l'.iss.i.:e  are  eaiilioiieil  not  to  allow  the  outer  rock  oil' 


III 


I'  w  est  poll 


It  of  .S.iiiia  Itos.i  to  hear   aiivtii 


11:;   to  tlie   south 


lltliu  aiil    Ol    West  u  aiil    of  south  1 


IV  east 


(.•s.  lis  !■;.)  in  outer  to  avoid  the  i'.ileott  .Sho.il,  t'ur  di  siiiplioii  ol  which  see  p.i;;e  I'l  ;  1)111  .sailinji 
\essels  are  recoininemled  lo  avoid  this  pass,i;,'e  altouel  liei ,  as  the  liulit  airs  and  calms  iimh'r  llui 
lee  . if  .San  .Mii^iiel  Island  and  the  stioii;;  ciirieiils  in  the  \uiiiiiy  lu  i|iieiill>  cnmliine  to  dri\e;i 
M'.smI  lowiiitl  that  dan^ermrs  spot. 

It  vessels  do  ii.se  it,  then  the  course  which  le.ids  I  In  .iiii.'Ii  in  llie  .slimtcst  time  issonlli  three- 
M  i.iiiers  west  i.S.  j  \V.)  iiiid  iiorlli  three  ijuaiteis  e.ist  ,  N.  ;  i;.  ,  III.  in  thick  wc.iiher,  steei-  southeast 
iiiir  ipiailer  east  (.SIv  |  I',.)  diaf,'onall\  tliroii;,'li  Ihe  pas^.iue  IVi.iii  >e\  en  ei^lil  lis  of  a  inileolV  I'lilice 
Isl.iinl  ,1(11  (lis  lers  liailtor)  to  a  posit  inn  one  hall  111  le  n|]  I'll  e  I, 'nek.  I  llie  .Hid  tlllee  1 1 11,1 1 1  CIS  miles 
Siiiilhe.i.sl   (.S|:.inf  the  West   point  of  .S.nil.l    IJns  i.        llils    will  p.ls.-,    I'lilice  I.slalld  ill  llllIlN    lalllolllS 


and   I'.ee  llock  in  twelitS    talhoins.      The  lead 


nf  ;;ic,it  service  on  this  eniii.>e  iii  apprnacliiny; 


tin    piss;i;r,>   II,    iliiek  w  I'.il  her.  ,ind    llie   sniiiid   of  I  he    Incakcis    will   ,ilso    ser\e   as  a   ;4iiide   and 


W.ll  IIIIIL'. 


.S.iiliii;;  \essels  finin  the  soiilhw.ird  should  Iml  atlcmpl   the  p.issai,'!' 


n 


le  iiiiriiils  |j;eiiL'rallv  fnllow    the    dllecliiin  111    1 1 


d.  hill  strniiu'  eddies  run  connlcr  iimli 


tlie  Ice  of  the  isl. mils  and  pro|ecl  iiil;'  points.  In  nniiliwi'st  ucatlicr  a  stroii;,' cui  rent  swi'cps  from 
iimler  Cirdvsell  I'.iiiit,  the  e.isieiii  point  of  Sail  .Mi;,'iicl,  acmss  the  passai;i'  eastward  Inwards  the 
'I  llcoti  Sho.iI,  ,iiid  is  freipiclitly   tell    oiithll    dnuci     .llld    Inthr    e.islw.ir 


I  .if  it.    riiis.  ti 


le   most 


iiaiii,'eroiis  eiinenl  of  the  lncalii\ ,  should  lie  especi.illy  noticed  when  atlcmi>t  iii;i  the  passaf,'e. 

Ihip-nni    Suiin'liiiijs  <>ll'  Ihr   Siliihi    li,iili,n'i    Ishni'l.s.  —  Wr   li;i\c   elsewhere    tjiven    the    ilecp  sea 
K"iiiulint,'s  of  tlie  U.  S.  S.  Tusuiiruia  from  San   l)ic;;o  to  the  soiitliu.ird  and  the  we.itward  of  the 


i^n 


'  f. 


I  '.I 


'     i':ir 


''I'lV: 


ll   ii 


{    ti 


li 


I         i^iL 


Inn. 


\cl 
e.i- 


»       ■'.    I 


I    .»• 


< 

*         1 

1      * 

I* 

1 

i  :''■  |. 

1(H) 


I'ACIKIC    COAsr    IMI.HT. 


(.'ortt'H  r.iuil..     \V.'  now  tiilitilati-  llii>.»>'  t.iki  ii  oiV  llic  Santa  Uarlmra  iHlamls,  rt'iM-atiiij,'  finii  oi  ij... 
Itnim'i  : 


i..itiiiiiif 


i)<.  >  '.".I  11*;  1 


I..'ni!lt.i.li.   I  .f^Vlil'iuM 


TrnijH'r.ittirr 
HiirlAii'      Itolliim. 


i'liitrii>  in  iif  Uitlom 


:ij 

41 

1.1) 

1(1 

M 

M 

!:■" 

I'j 

M 

07 

ll'J 

.> 

:i3 

18 

im 

VI 

Uf  '.(I 

r,  iicn 

3:1 

n 

119 

.'•» 

S.1 

33 

r;o 

u 

33 

:i^ 

ijti 

■:* 

XI 

.11) 

rx 

^» 

.T3 

41 

IM 

M 

Xl 

;* 

1:1 

13 

34 

B.1 

i;;i 

14 

M 

ll'.l 

1:1 

33 

M 

23 

!3I 

32 

:U 

.D 

r.'l 

53 

:i4 

:* 

l;l 

l<I 

I  KII 

V.| 
M'J 
Ih) 

jiai 
n.i« 
r.U 

I.  ow 
1,4«;  I 

!.»•»  ' 
l.Wli  I 

1  liw 


4X0  i 


I 


57  « 
«7  0  I 
17  0 
Ml  ^ 

1 
M  4 
Mi  II 
M  4 
SA  M 
M  II 
MU 

v>. « 

57.11 
87.0  I 
.•AO, 


.13,7  '  Vt'lliiw  ttniw  II  iniitl. 

31)  I  llai'l    I.I.M  k  iUllul 

XJ  1  !>.• 

n.. 


4.1  II  |lli»  k  •uihI. 

3i>  I  II ml 

37  3  linriiKli  iiiikI. 

.'IM  K  I  'ii,(i«i .  ^tti>  AAlnl 

i.'i  I  liiitv  ••ml,  iiitiil.  i:i>i<<l- 

3t    I  I1.1KI.  M.li  ll  Mini. 

,13    ;  litirlllilll  IMIIll. 

3^1    I  lift  »Mll^ll  II  <?!•. 

33  !  I'aiV  grii'ii  iiiuil. 

34.7  I  lltM-lt   Mlllll  Ulltl   NHh>l 

38  3  (ilutlKli  IiIjii  k  •.Hill 


II  \\\]\  III'  III  it  i I  tliiit  till'  iNMi  Null  ml  in  ;:.><,  nni'  ininilii'il  ami  tliiity  ami  twii  linmlifil  ,11   1  •  \ 

ail'.   ii>|»cti\fl.\,    \M'>t  >iiiilliWfNt   anil   \vr>l    (WSW.  ami   W..    m^miiIitii   ami   luciil.v  li.. 

1 1  mil  I  he  Mollliwrst   |Hiiiit  nt  S.iii  N  iilioia.s,  ami  tllilt   tlic  la.st  {'11111   aii'  t'lUlN   til  tills   ll\r  liiiir"    ' 
.soiitli  >\N'.  Ii.\  S.  (  liiini  I'mnt  ( 'iinri|i*iiiii. 

Tlirx'  la>l  iiuh'-ali'  \ir.\  iricyiilar  lintiuiiiun  tin-  iiioliin;:atiiiii  of  llir  a\i.H  uf  tlic  .Sicii.i  (  ■ 
(•Kill  or  S.iMla  Viuv.     'i'lir  ilii|K'.-<t  miiiii<I:ii(;m  hliow  ilial  llir  iniii'i  filj^'r  nl  tin'  i^iiat   r.uirn'  |iI,i1im,: 
cmai  >  vMlliiii  li'>>tliaii  lilts  niiu.-s  ol' tin' I'oa.'^l  tiriiiination  of  iIiom' inonntaiiis, 

III  .siili.s('i|iit'nt  <lrt'|i  si-a  .Miiinilin;.'s  ol)  I'oinl  ( 'oni'<'|n  ion,  lis  I  sso  ilillririit  s  I'v.^clo,  ,1  -nli":  1 
imiiintain  sva,><  loiiiiil   ii.>inj.'  tVoiii   I  lie  iIitji  |ilati'aii  ot   llir  I'.n  ilir.      loiii    .miiiihIiii^'s  air 
liiiri' liiiiiilii'il  ami  t'i;;lits 'fi;;lit,  loui   liiimlifil  ami  lour,  iiim- Itiiiiiliiil   ami   .m'sciiIs  lisr.    1 
icrii  IiiiikIii  ll   ami  .sewn    lallioiii-.   tin-  lii.vt    tliiirsvitli   loiks   liotloin.     TIiim'  ail'  .siiii.     ; 
ili|itli>  ol  issi'iils  tsvn  liilliillril  ami  i'l;;lil>  fijilil,  ts\»'iit  v  t  vso  liiimlri'il  ami  M-sriits  -ax,  I  v. . 
Iiumlicil  ami  >i.\t,s  oni'.ami  Iwciit.s  x'Si'ii  Immlii'tl  and  clrscn  l,itliom>,  ssilli  lnown  (lo/.rai   . 
iiiiiil,     Tlir  ;:i'ii^ra|ilii('al  |io,>iiti(in  ot   tlii^  siiiiiinit  is  latitmli' .tj~' .'ii;'  imiiii.  ami  loii^^ilinlr  > 
West,  lii'iiij;  >i\  liiinilii'il  aijil  lil;ii'ii  niilr.>  .--oiitli  t'i;^lit_s  om'  ami  a  li.tlt  i|i-;4iccs  ssr.-^l  (S.  .sij     \\ 
rriiiii  I'oiiit  <  om-i  |Miiiii  I,ii;lit. 

Tlu^  loiniiji'ii's  till'  i|iMii|iiioii  ol'  till'  Sania  ll.iiliaia  l.-laml.-<  ami  iiiaiiilaml  ;•  liai  1  iii. 

FROM    rOINT  CONCI-.PCION    MO:; T 1 1 V,  ARU. 

I'lilM     .'.Ki.ll.I.I  11  • 

Till'  liist  licaillaml  to  tin'  mntliuanl  of  Point  ('oiu;«'|H'ioii  i>  Point  .\r;;iU'llo,  ili.stani  I'li'Si  n  is'i 
loni  lit'ili-  mill's  ami    li.'aiin-   iiiuili    -imv  Cair  ilcyn'cs  west    (N.  ill     W.i.     This  is  ihr  v  •'• 
t'.Miiiiols  III  oiu'  1)1  ilii'  -1  lumlais  a.Ms  ol  tin'  Surra  t 'oiiccinniii.  wlii'ii-  the  .sciiiciitiin'  loi  K 
.sicii  III  !  ir^i'  ina.sso  siirti'inn^  into  tin'  sra. 

in  till-  lariii'si  ^rii'^c  tlii^  1 01  ins  a  ;^iiat  i'a|ii'.  two  anil  a  hall  niilc.>  Inoail,  proiirlin;;  1  i.i.: 
hair  mill  s  ui'>ts\. nil  111  Pmiil  (  um  i|i(iiiii,  ami  loiniili^  the  lilst  an;;li' of  thf  ililli'ition  ul  lln  <  i"-' 
lino  ill  ciiinin-  tnnn  iln'  miilh.  as  I'mnt    <  oiu  iimioii  loriii.s  thf  .smiml.      Fioin  tin-  loasl  u 
till' siiialli'l   I'liinl^  111    Ilii' r.i|i(    h.isi'    11  It  IS  III  s|n'iirn    naim'-,  Init    Point   .\l;;llrllo  iini|ii  1 

thi"t  small  |iii  |i'i|ioii  lit  liir  ,  .i|„'  til  ihi-  sMsissanI,      I'lmu  tiir ilnatrls  lii;;li  ami  io<U\  ■ 

the  laml  loiiMii;^,'  this  .  ape  iisf.>   :ii    hiii;^,  cons  i'l;;in;;   lal-is   to  the  iiisilim'  at    sixtciii 
t't'ft  aims  I'  the  si'a. 

InroiniliK'  IViiln  .scawanl  Ilio  litnil/nll  for  Ihisiapi'  is  lin-  TnutqutU^oi  ]l,iiiiitiiiii,  a  ti  ipli-  .'■.ni'-'! 
IK-ak  (lint  {ii'iicralis   seen  as  ijmilih'  hiailnl  .  u  hiih  1  i.-i'.s  in  an  tlrs  at  imi  of  twi  Ills  oiii'  Imin' 


•  Naiiiiil  In  \  .11. 


i"ii  .1  1  III  .N.u.iiiliii,  |;;i.;,  ^,11,1  1.1,  lit,  11,1111  .Si;;  111- 1  111,  11  nil  111. I  lull  1  a'  S.iii  I 'ram  is 


\  .■■ 


K  folll  u|   !i,,. 


I  )•»  f  w  •»  ^  T  ' 


l<>  I.iiimIiiik 
li'iMitHHi.  '.'.I.n;  IWl 

K«|mclii  t  hll,  MM  fii't. 


I'oiri 


I  IbUiicI 


^     /.«.''     v.. 


/- 


i'HllIittll   Hi 

TranquilloD  Mount^tin,  'i.l'M'>  tVci 


,  ,    •■  iJtr^  - 


r.r.nt  Argiioll.!,  8K.  by  S /.JJ  iiii'uv*. 


I 


■,v. 


fil  > 


it:' 

■ 

HH 

,   \i  ktoflgnB 

M 

H^^^B^H 

■■■H: 

'^^K 

< 

1 

oMmt 

ri 

1 

'H 

mi 

1  "  I 


-  w 


:i. 


fe 


■  ,-/ 


,  «ct3.      .^■■tV-^r. /^J^T-^W*?.■«?LOM».-.«^f»•<l^^S5r^■:1<'*^'~■''»?^ 


J'oiiil  Ar^ucili..  NW   l.v  \V.  i  \V  ,  11  iiiiUh 


■*- n 


,v-Si 


SV.4A- 


Point  ArKiifll",  KSK  ,  14  inil< 


Ki.ks  loliit. 


Sail 


/    '  ^•' 


■^'^V-.- 


lufilMl*    llnmlll 

TrstKinilloii  Moiititaiii.  «,'.:«'•  (•■••t 


I'll, 111  r.-ili-riKil"ii,  K.  Iiy  S.  i  *•.,  IJ  iinlic 


<«■;  >■ 


"^.. 


r 


Ve^?^A7?''*"»'';'''''r?~«?t!fe*-,,^-=.=«!0*jr'''!!Rj»5Sc;3r3>^^  TJ^.^   'Ji.,    .-t^ 


■i   .- 


Argnel!"  IjiindiiiK. 
Traminillou  W"iiiitaiii,"J|13G  f«et. 

E«pa(ia  Cliff,  300  feet. 


:^#^;l^ 


b.iA- 


l{i.U\  roint. 


Saiils  Ro8«  Inl»nil. 


Sau  Migne!  IhIhih! 


~V"-s~  ««  "T^  ^  , 


Point  ArgiiHll..,  HK.  by  S.,ai  miles. 


i^^SSESa^ 


i-    W' 


1 

.«■»■ 

i 


f|..li'\  mir  I'l' 
ni'  ilii  |pii|lll, 
;ii;i  ll.  >  llllic 
,■ I.i-lll. 

Mir\r\    I'll   ll 
1." 

It  I-  \ isi 
Till'  (11,1- 

t\\i|  mill's  (Iri 
lillllilli'il  Iri'l 
III'  lili-  lliiilllll 
liMilli--  I  well 

mill's  iM^i  1 
Iri't  lii:;li,  :ill 
riLliili'i'll  lillli 
slioli  .  is  M  .-.I 
lli'i.  '  11  tiini 

M  .l.l,ll-(s  ;is 
lliilil  I'lillll  ( ' 
Hiilli  llli'  »  ill 

^llM|■|ll\     111    tl 

111  llli'  r.-|i;li| 
IMl-llllnllrli,    1 

lllll, 

Wi  -t  of 
ll|r\  ilflTIMs 
ii,lli;,'l'lS  :ilii| 

.1  /•(/»(  //i 
lliilll   tills   V  11 
I  ;iill.  mill   !■- 
Iiilt  llir    >\M' 
lllllrs  liol  tla( 

111'  li;i!r  ;i  mil 
Ulii'ini 

\iMi. ;:  ■  \vii 

■:   Ni  I'lr  (•; 
it    IS  |llll 

\- if  V 

I'lillll    \ 

WsW.l      II,.; 

iinliril  ,\;U 
•Ml   Inrtx    ll 

i'l'VirllllU  |l 
'■  1''    ll;il\  1-  I  I 

'    '•  mil  SI. 

li  1   ',    Mck. 

"I  I  lIlilM-  II 
'111'  III  itll  sji 
<  'i''  1  tS('.i  itn 
i'        '.    'Ahl   11 

'1  :•■  limi  uj' 
■I II  III   llli 


I'ACIKIC    COAST    I'M.dT. 


101 


I'l^hiv  iiiir  I'l'd.  iit  fiiiir  ami  ;i  Inill'  in  lies  noi  ili  ,sc\riit\  ilf;:ri'(s  cm  si  (N.  TtP  V..}  iVoui  tlif  cxticiiiily 

III  ilic  p'liiil,  lull  <iil1\  line  a'nl  liiur  lil'ilis  iiilli>  hack  Irnm  ilii'  slinic  In \   tlic  lii^'lil.     'I'lic  iiioiint 

:ii:i  111  >   iiiiic  and  line  iinailtT  niilcs  iioilli    Imlv  live  dr^^ncs  west  (N.  I.'i  '  W'.i  IVdiii  l'i>int  Ciiiiccp- 

(■ I.iLiiil.     TIk^  wcsu'iM  jicak  is  ilic  lii;:licsi  ;  tin- raslci  iiiinisi   jicak  is  a  scant  i|nai  ti'f  of  a   milt* 

ili>!.nil. 

Till'  -cd^'iaiiliical  iMisjtion  of  tiif  priinarN  li  ian^Milalion  stalioii  ol'  tiic  V .  S.  (.'oast  ami  (icoilclic 
MUM'k  I'll  till'  siiiniiiit  ol   tills  iiiiiiintain  is: 

l.iiiiuili' :!i    :;i   .vj    ii; nii. 

l"ii'jii"|l<' IJH    ;i;i    II   .01  Hi.st. 

It  I--  \  isililf  at  a  iliNiaiici-  ol'  lilly  I  luce  iinjt's. 

TliiMoast  lini'  Ikiuccii  I'oiiil  ( 'inircpcion  ami  I'ninl  .Xifriirlln  ciirvrs  in  a  loiij:.  rciiiilar  sweep, 
I\\ii  miles  deep,  to  the  Mil!  lliraslwanl.  It  is  lioideieil  li\  Imld,  roiU  y  I'lilVs  j.'(neially  r.lli.uMn.l,'  one 
liniiilleil  Iri'l   III  lieiuht   liiit   leaelilim  nearly  I'liiii'  liiiiiilrnl   leet  ,it   the   ili-rprsl    p.m.      The  ereslliiMi 

(•r  liie  II iilams  liehiiid  is  hairl.s    I  u  o  mil.  s  distant    troiii    the   slime  and    iiaiallel   ilierewith.     It 

ii  ,h  111  ■- t  weiit.N  one  hiiiiilred  ami  ei;,'lityone  leet  elevation  at  Ti  im|iiilloii.  'i'line  ami  l«o  thirds 
iiiilf*  east  liy  south  {K.  hy  S.)  Iioin  'rr,iiii|iiilloii  is  ( )aU  Mniiiil  i;ii.  two  ilioiismd  and  I'm  t.\ -lour 
li'i't  ImuIi,  and  marked  li.\  lar^'e  oak  trees,  I'.ii  wiiu  it  ami  riampiilloii  is  i'm^peei  MoM.iitaiii, 
I'luiileen  hiindied  ami  ei^;lil\  teet  ele\atioii.  In  limit  nl  t  his  crest. line,  and  halfway  towards  the 
slinii  ,  is  a  sllliordinati'  series  ol  oiiteroppiii^  hiMd>  t;i\  in;:  the  idea  of  a  jiaiallel  and  lower  lid;^e 
Ik II  :aiii  directions. 

;■  'le  I'lc,  )irst  jiart  (d  III. '  cm  A  cd  shmc.  Iiei  wicii  rmni  ( 'miccp'ion  ai:il  rmnl  .\r;;iicllo,  is  u 
1  i''irmeil  li\   the  slnliii-  aua>   ol  I  he  face  ol   a  L;iiMt  Iraiisx  ei  sc  iid;;e.     It  w  k  iiowii  to  I  he 

.>!  .,  ,.i;  IS  as  tin-  /-.'.v/i. (./.(,  and  lies  ||\c  and  a  hall  miles  imrth  foil  \  two  de^ici  s  u  est  ,  N.  I 'J  W.) 
Iieiii  I'liiiit  (  oiicepcion  l.iuhl.  I'lichiuliest  pait  islnnken  aboit  mie  hiiiiilied  and  t\\eiit\  .\anls 
I  mm  the  water,  and  at  its  j;iea  test  *  h--.  .itioii  is  three  Ininiiied  and  si\t\  feel  almxc  I  he  sea.  it  tails 
sliiii'|il\  to  the  soiilheasi  to  si\t\  live  feet  and  to  the  northuesl  to  ninety  feel.  I'.ihind  the  head 
I'l  I  lie  I '.-pa  1 1. 1  is  a  si  i- 111  ilepiession  in  I  he  riiU'e.  which  then  rise-  dii'ectl\  to  (  ».ik  M  mi  main,  aliead.V 
iiii-iitiniicd,  lieaiiiiki  iioith  tueiity  ei^lil  dc;:recs  east  (N.  L'S  K.  .  one  and  two  tliiids  miles  I'loiii  the 
ihll, 

\\  I  st  of  the  Ivsp.nia  the  cl  ill's  colli  i  line  at  an  elexation  of  one  h  mid  red  feet  I'm  four  idles,  w  hen 
tlii.\  ileciease  to  lillv  feet,  and  then  increase  tou.iids  ji'ocky  I'mut.  'I'licre  are  no  knou  ii  oiillviiifX 
il.m;,'i'rs  alonj;  these  clilVs. 

l((/"(//ii  l.iiiiiliii-i — .Mioiit  hall  a  mile  west  of  the  ISpaila  is  the  wharf  for  shipping,'  product- 
'111  iliis  vicinitv.      it  lies  noith  lmt\  si\  deities  west   ^N.  Pi     \\'.:.  si^  miles  from    I'oiiit  Coiicep- 

II.  and  is  readily  reeoj^'iii/.ed  li\   leteici to  the  INpada.      I'lic  1  indiiii,'  is  broad  open  to  the  sea. 

Iiilt  the  sudl  is  so;i,e\.  !iat  mnditied  li\  the  liclds  uf  ]  dp  Ism;:  otf  the  shore.  They  lie;;in  three 
imli-s  iim  I  livNesi  fi...,i  I'oiit  ( 'oncepcnn  ami  i  mi  in  liiokeii  lii'Ids  for  a  hm  it  live  miles,  at  a  distance 
"I  hall  a  mii"  frv  n  nV.si'    ,  and  ^eiierali,\  one  i|iiaiier  of  a  mile  broad. 

U  lii'ii  a  •.  ssc'  i,-,  a  iittle  more  than  half  \\.\\  irom  I'oinl  ( 'mice|)eion  towarils  j'oini  Ar^iiello,  the 
\i-iii',!  ■  wleu-  «  !!  Ill' Micectl.v  nnderOak  .Mountain,  beariii;^  northeast  ( N  Iv).  with  the  ICspada 
M  III  the  easi  wai,' 

it  IS  pi  ob' I  lie  !'•,'  i'  lii;;ht  bet '»  ecu  Point  <  'oiiccpcion  and  I'oint  .\ririiello  is  the  I'nsemida  de 
A'tiio  of  Vi.    ,1111.  ,     hail. 

I'cillll  .\t;;iiel|o  is  tlie\er,\  narrow.  |ai,'i:eil,  rock\  projection  sticlchi  I.U'  out  weslsoiltliwesi 
^\>\\  iie.irl.v  ei;;ht  hnmlied  >  aids  troin  the  eeii,.|;il  ,iii\,.  of  the  c.ipi  .  with  a  width  of  two 
ii'imliid  \ari|s  and  a  hei^'i  if  one  Ini  mired  and  twenty  ha  t  o,er  the  cliH  ;  mi  the  smith  side  ii  ml 
J'l'Mi  lnrt\  losiMv  feet  o.  Hi.'  aoiih.  .\s  seen  P. nil  the  south  aiiil  ...alliit  is  a  low,  loni;,  dark 
pi'Mi  I  iin^  pmni,  iiearl.v  ofi.  ame  heii^hl  I'm  o\  I'r  hall  a  mile  b  ick.  Tin' e\l  remil.\  is  only  forty 
III''   ilinc  the  sea,  with  an  ooilv  iiii;  lo'k  on  the  line  of  I  he  son  I  hem  cliiVs  two  hnmlred  yards  sea- 

'   iml  'I         .\ards  in  evt'iit  :   but  lucre  arc  plciit\  of  smaller  locks  between  the  point  and   tlie 

'      1  lek       r  V     III!  ml  red  >  aids  in  from  the  pmm   the  smith  clill   uses  t c  hundred  and  twenty 

"'    "I'lve  III     .  t;,      .;  Ill  then  a  narrow  enl  Irom  the  smiih   sideneail.v  icichcs  a  similar  cut  from 

•   m  nil  side,  ,1.  imii;,' a  de|)iessioi!  or   s.iddle  ol'si\l\    feet,      llast    of  this   depression    the   soiitll 

'        i  --es  iin;ain  to  om>  hnmlred  ,iml  I  went  \   feel.     On  this  accoiint  the  poiiil  shoas  two  very  sli<;lit 

'-'^heiisecn  fr.'iliie  smith  b\  east  ,.S.  b\  I".  ,  ,iiid  iioi  t  h  b\  west  iN,b\  W.>,andit  is  a  mere 
'  'i"ii  of  tiMie  w  hell  the  oilier  held  sli.ill  be  sep.iratcd  completely  Irom  the  imier  by  the  weariii{( 
■■  '"11  ot   the  sea. 


'  ..,     k'^^     i    -I 


I 


M' 


!!:■ 


1<>2  rAcii'ic  (OAST  rii.oT. 

Till'  iioiiit  lias  0110  luarUcil  |u'fiili,iril.\  iii|H)itaiit  tn  ilic  iiavij^'ator  ciMiiiii;;  iipiin  it  iiii('\|ii 
in  iiiit'aviiralilc  wcailicr — tlif  >iiil.ici'  nt'  llic  t'xtn'iniiy  nC  llic  |mml  imw  prnifcls  liryoml  aii-i 
hand's  tlic  base  at  tlio  watci's  cdj,'!',  as  il'  llic  lower  jiarl  iiail  fallen  a\va\.  We  can  not  ree.i 
noti'.Me  lonii  ill  our  earlier  aei|iiaiiitaiiee  w  illi  it.  a!ul  tlie  shape  will  piolialily  elian;;e  w  I,, 
upper  pidjeetioii  'neaks  awav. 

liinl.ji  I'liint. — One  iniio  sniitlieast    1>\   st.ntli  (SI',,  liy   S.)  i'roiii  '.'oiiil  .\i';.'Uello  is  a  sli;;li; 
jeetiiij;  i(nU\   iioiiil,  inaikeil  t)\  a  ;,'|-eat  many   ijetaelieil    I'ock.s  close  iiihler  ami    aroiiml  it,  an! 
smimlii,  loiiiullll;;   llllliirk>,  tlilfe    iiiimlretl    or    t'oiir    lilllulreil  feet     lil;;li,  close  liellilul  It.       NVIi.  ■ 

]Miiut  i>  seen  from  tlie  northwest. jiist  oiitsiile  of  I'oint  A  r;;uello,  two  houses  cut  >he  onllinc  .i_. 
the  sky. 

From  Kocky  roiiit   the   ni;r;:eil  sliori'  cnr\-'s  to  the  east   southeast  ( I'.SIv  ■  and   nearl\  ■• 
cast  tor  a  couple  of  miles  lietnie  iii.ik  111;,'  its  sweep  towards  the  I'.spada  and  I'oint  ( 'oiieepci.' 

i;ock\    I'liiiit.  with  its   lii;;h   rniiiiilin;,' liilN,  shuts  olV  the  direct  \  iew  from  Point    .\i;.'n> 
Point   <'olicepiiciii,  lull   since   the  pl.iciii;;  nf  the  whislliii;;   hiioy  otV  the   Point,  the   coast  sir  m 
from  the  north  run  lor  the  Inioy  and  then  Ia\  a  straight  cinirse  tn   Point  ("onccixion.  as  tin  ' 
is  I'peiied  out  neatly  hall  a  mile  ili  ai  of  Pinky  Puint. 

Thii'c  ipiartcrs  of  a  mile  niuiii   l>y  cast     N.liyK.i  from    i'oint  .Xr^rnello  is  another   in.:: 
very  sli^ihlly  inojectin;;,  ruckx  point  with  a  c       !'■••  <<f  ro(  ks  close  under  it. 

The  whole  ot'  this  project  in;;  cape  has  a  \-  r  d  shore  line.  Init  has  deep  water  oiiN.  ; 

rocks,  and  no  iiiiiiyiii^r  dan;,'crs  havi-  ever  been    :  ed.     When   the  summer  fo;,'s  lie;;in  :.■ 

they  einelop  the  |>oint,  and  vessels  niiist  j;ive    it  a  ;,.iid   licilli  in  passiii;;.     The  winds  hlo"  . 
stroll!.' over  it.  and  llie  swell    is  lai;;er   than  oil'  Point    «'onec|iciiiii.   liciansethc   full    folii 
norlhwesterl.N    swell  is  dellecteil  li\    I'nint   Ar;:nello. 

on   Point   Ai-nelhi  \cssels  fmin   the  northwanl  first    si;;lil  the  islands  nf  the  Saul. i  1;. 
Channel  Jiisi  altnve  the  hori/nii.     .S5.1II  Mi;,'iiel  and  Santa  Posa  are  seen  in  clear  weather,  tin  1 
just  toiichiii;;  the  rock   olV  Pcick.N   Piiiiit  and  stietehin;;  west  as  a  Ion;:,  liori/ontal  line  with   i 
nil   the   West,  and   the   Inimei    lisiii;.'   as  line  Ion;;,  low    rounding,'  mass,  and  a  smaller  head 
west. 

Aii'mniitn     Wliistliiifi   lliiiiii  I'jy  I'l'iiit  .1  ((/!'< //<>.— .\s  an   aid  to   iia.i;;ation   in   IhicU  aii'l  : 
Wfalhei    the  (tiitdiiuilir  H'Jiislli  iltj  hlU'il  li.ls  Iveeii  lepl.iccd  oil'   Point    Ar;;llell(i  ill  se\enlecn  fallp' 
water  n\er  hard   s.mdv    lintliiiM  on  the   followiii;,'  lieai  iii^' and  iaii;:e:  Coasi  Sni\e.\  si;;iial  ■ 
piiinl    111   ran;,'e   with   sharp   peak  tMstinntheast.     It   is   painted  w  ith /WdcA- d/n/  /r/u'/t  /(/c/k /■ 
stripfn. 

The  ;;i'o;.'raphical  position  nf  ihe  extremity  of  the  cape  is: 

l,.ililiii|i' :il     :!l    'JT   .7  iKirth. 

I,..iii;jtii.l.' IJe    :'.-   .Vl',;!  w.-i. 

Or,  ill  limi' -■    e-.""  li.V   li. 

The  computed  inatjiu'tic  variation  for  .lann.irv  I.iss.'"),  was  lo  PJ'  ea.st,  and  the  annual  i  ■ ; 
is  1  ._'. 

I'lciin  Pciiiit  .\r;.'nello  we  lia\c  the  followiiij;  liearin;;s  and  distances  to  iiii|Kirtant  pour 

I'lMiit  tuiii  1  p.  ;.ii.  I.i^;lit     not  iiinr\  i.HiMi-i s.  I'l.'ij       i;,  IIJiniN'x. 

.MiiUili"  nf  Siiii  Mi  Kin  I  PaHsa)"!'  .s.  1.'.        W.  :17J  mi  Irs, 

Itirlianlwm  li'oi  k.  iill'S:iii  Mi^jinl  iMlaiiil S.  'J-        V,.  •,".)    iimIin. 

rnirit  San  I.unt  (Ol.i»|ni) N.  '.Mi  \V.  :ir.    niilrs. 

Ticilra"  Hl.on  ao  I.i;'lit-lniinM' N  in*  W  T-'    inilis. 

Tniiil  Snr N.  I.'  \\  I J ill- 

When  a  \i's>i|  is  Inoad  oil  Pniiit  .\r;.'iiello  and  well  mil  lo  sea,  the  peak  of  S.iii  \\a\.\< 
Iwip  hnndtid  led  lii;;li,  can  he  in.nli  lit  at  a  distance  k>{  I'nity  or  loily  li\<'  miles  I'tom  lln 
This  l.indf.ill  is  111 

I.atiluilr :it      I'J    :i-     iiMiili. 

I.iinnitnili' Il'.i      1-     M     «i-l 

The  oll'hhore  si)iiiidin;_'s  ineiitioiied  under  the  lu-ad  of  I'oint  Ctiiiwpcion  apply  etpi.dl- 
eape. 

.\s  this  cape  is  more  westei  1_\  I  lian  Point  ( 'uneepeioii,  and  ii  point  of  deparlnti'  for  the  ■  •  ' 
^oili^'  south  inil.^ide  Ihe  i>l,inds,  il  is  iiii|>oi  laiit  tli.it  a  li;;hllioiise  and  l'o;;w  liistle  should  In  ' 
tliiTe ;  and  the  I  iiitiil  States  has  ni.iilc  a  Peseixalion  ol  I'oinl  ArKUellii  lor  this  purpose. 


"I 


.  •' 


hi 


I  uvi: 
ill  Ih  . 
I'll   1:  ' 

1\     plr 

,1  «.:: 
It'll  I' 
l'_'.lii 

to  I 
iull, 

ii.'IIm  ' 
I'lllll'  1  • 

.'  1," 

i.-li.l'i:; 
sia.'ili.' 

to  tiTl.i 
>\\  ilUlli' 
V  ol    III.' 


i      1 


l'..nl'.ii,i 
In  lill.i 
h  ,,  ;;.  i.i 
,1  ;..  Ill" 


Ilimi;^  I'f 

ll  oil  til.' 


■   ;|-  i:'^i 


ri 


m 


rm  'I' 


Trenqiiillon  MonnUin,  SE.  hy  1   ,5,136  fret. 


I'oiiit  IVilcriiBl.i. 


■■_''-%, 


^/, 


^ 


Trani]uilloD  Muu.itaiii,  i,\'.fi  feet. 


Id  hazv  w<<alhi<r. 


->  •-..  ^.  y^-k'*>^?'wg-rj?r.^t.  11.; 


Miiiint  M<(;il!,  '.t.'.'ll  ft-.t.  77  iiiili-N. 
Loiiipoc  l.aiiiliii({,  EMi.,:tl  uiilm. 


8mi  Ritra.'l  ! 
I.*  I'uriN 


'"  f.-*^K 


_-«»    .•AV-v'i=»-«^'ifc.*ir«T'^M»-^  v"'r^«ir5cJEK»'!»N»'3l8rXi:'fr'?^/a   .    • 


Piiiiit  IVderiiB).  -  SK.  I>.v  S.,  7  milrn 


I'oiiit  Arniii-llo,  S8K..  «i  mile 


tv  wnalhiT. 


Black  h»»<)  iif  i>a  (londa 


Point  Arguello,  8E.  by  8.,7  milx* 


J^i-fivrt'  tfrt- 


T'-tyjt-  "" 


lUllt'H. 


Sail  Rafai'l  Mouiitaiti,  fi  1W7  fcff,  411  iiiilfii. 
I.a  I'lirimira  Kivt-r,  ur  Santa  Viii-t. 


ill 


< 


a'T' 


i 

Tri»iii|iiill(in  Mnnntmi),  SK.  liv  h  1." K  .  "J  ill i Im 


'//    ..  ■'  < 


'■.^: 


Tr»iiiiiiilliin  Muuiitaiii,  '^.i;!*"  iVrt. 


Point  Arguello,  8E.  b;  H.,7  miln 


I'AIIIIC    niASr    I'll.ol. 


l(i; 


I  {iivii  till' nilllv  ill;:  lucks  ol' I'diiit  A  I  ;;iirllci  I  lif  sliMlii  slii|i  Vmiliii  /.'/di/i  stlllck  jiikI  was  lost  (in 
■  li,     ,1  of  ( >cl<ilifi ,  IS.'il,  »  hell  lour  liiiiiili't'il  ami  lilliiii  inixms  |mikIiii1. 

Mil- |iiiiiil  IS  jiitlir.ili'il  (III  \'i/i'iiniii's  I'liai  t,  Imt  iio  nainrwas  ;;i\i'ij  In  il;  inir  tliil  Caluillo  (ir 
1,  :     Id  It'll  r  to  it. 

1  In  ilic  Carta  (ii'iH'ial  nl'  I7!H,  I'liiltiarin;;  tlir  S|iaiiisii  (li>ni\(i  irs  tn  tlial  ilalr,  it  is  called 
1  1  rcilcllialcs  ( 1*111111  of  I'lillts),  hut   IVc(|iiciill\  ami  cnoinoilsls   |H  iiilcil  I'cilrn  Sales  ii|miii  ollicl' 

I'oniicil.v  it  was  callcil  San  I'cilio  Nolax'o.     Il  is  known  to  ilicoM  icsidciil  Spanianls  as 
j'l  :.  males,  Inil  Vaneomers  name  is  retaiiieii. 

I'niiit   riilriunhs.'' — This  |i(iint   lies  one  anil  t  wo  I  limls  miles  e\aell>   mulliol    I'oiiit  Ai^jiiello, 

,11.1  may  he  tairlv  eoiisiiieretl  the  iioriheni  limit  of  that  iiolalile  heaillaml  as  l.'oek.v  I'oiiit  is  con>iiI- 

;. '!  ;lie  soul  hern  liiiiil.      It  does  nol  |iri>ieet  tar  IVom  the  ;:eiieral  tiemi  o|'  the  shore  line,  and  is  of 

'      >(|  extent,  I  nit  I  lii>  lower  land  lo  the  iioitli  In  iii^^s  it  out.      It  i  ises  to  one  hiimlicd  and  lift  v  feet 

.  ■.  i' lull,  w  illi  sleep  slopes  to  seaward  aii<l  a  iiioderalel\  low  neek  liehind  il.      W'lirii  seen  lloiiitlie 

iiihuest,  twti  or  ilnei^  miles  distant,  il  shows  twu  Maik  liilloeks  a;;ain>|  (he  hi;;lier  land  fiiither 

■..li aslwanl  across  theCanada  Honda.     Close  iimlci  the  elill>  ni'  ihe  small,   jau';,'ed  points   just 

,  11  .iiid  south  of  it  lie  clusters  of  rocks.     .\  rocks   is|,.|,  litis   \aids  in  extent,  hes  two  hundred 

!.     west  southwest  ( W.SW.)  from  llie  extiemit  \  III  the  pnint.w  hilst  some  recks  alios  e  water  stretch 

.■  iiiiiidied  and  lilt  v  yards  st  ill  fin  I  her  to  Ihe  we>l  w  aid.     'riieie  are  two  sunken   rocks  l.viii;,'  oil' 

'ih   |..iiiit,  llio  farthest,  three  hnndred  ami  tilts  s.inN  wot  mnlhwest  (\\  NW'.i,  and  the  other,  tsvii 

I  imlicil  and  liftv  yards  wi-st  from  the  rocky   i^lit. 

riiis  Mack  point  and  the  hIacU  lork  are  ipiilc  conspiciioiis  nhiecls,  ili,.  more  especially  as  the 

- 1:  .1  .liiiies  OS  cr  the  clilV  coin  men ii  the  north  side  d'  the  An.  is  n  I  lutida. 

\--  at  Point  .\i^iiello,  till'  lii;;li  inoniilaiiis  rise  rapnlls  a  shoit  distance  liehind  Ihe  coast  line. 
I  ..IS  deep  svater  oil'  the  point,  aiiil  no  hidden  dangers  hase  lieeii  re|iorled  other  Ihaii  llio.se 
ni.'l.lioiied. 

The  I'lininlii  Hmnld. — 'i'lirce  ei;;lilhs  of  a  mile  iniithwanl  ol  roini  I'edeinales  the  stream 
111  "i.li  the  deep,  iiariosv;,'oi;;e  of  the  Canada  Honda  eiiliis  the  ocean  at  a  beach  one  hnndred 
iii'l  lilty  sards  loli;;.  'lo  the  iioithwaid  i>l  the  caii.ida,  lli"  sand  appears  to  hase  lieeii  lilow  n  up 
'.  ■  I  the  lii;;h,  sv  hit  e  faced  dill's,  and  cos  ei  s  the  slopes  of  Ihe  hills  apparent  Is  as  lii^di  as  t  luce  liiiii' 
iii'l  iici,  extiMidiii;.'  to  the  moil  III  of  the  riirisinia  IJis  ci.  Tins  is  a  imlalilc  leal  in  c  in  this  sicinily. 
Hi.  mesa  c.irryiii;;  these  s.ind  dunes  rises  ^.'r.idiialls  to  the  noil  lisv  .iid  of  the  Honda  and  then  de- 
1.  i-.s  to  the  I'lirisima.  Southward  of  Ihe  arioso,  the  Mack  dills  ami  locks  I'oiin  a  marked  con- 
■■.:■■;  Ill  ihe  shore  line.      This  caiiada  mas   lie  icckomil  the   miilhein   limit    ol'lhc    ;:reat    headlaml 

r ■   Ar;:ilello. 

I'lciia  Toint  .\rt,'iiello  the  r/(7(i  III/  //•(»(/';/'  /A»  C'KivV  is  ma  ll'.vsesl  to  I'oint  l.'eses.  Isvo  hundred 
111. I  I'.. lis  miles  distant,  passiii;;  t.in^'ciit  to  I'oiiit  .Snr  in  laliiinle  Hi  I'.'V  noilli.  and  inside  the 
>i.  iilieasi  I'aialloii.  Iinmcdialds  iioilli  of  I'ciiiit  Aiu'inllo  are  the  points  I'lirisima,  Sal,  and  San 
l.tiis.  iieaily  ill  line  to  the  north  norlhwest  .  N  NW  .K 

'/'/((■  .x'inif.i  I'm  c  III'  I'lirixliiKi  liiii  r.  —  I'.i^hl  miles  north  of  Point  .\i  jiiiello  a  small  stream  empt  ies 
III. I  'be  ocean.  Il  rises  in  Imi^iitiide  1 11'  '_'"  ,  almiit  liltceii  miles  from  the  coast,  and  runs  parallel 
111  i.  w  nil  liehind  the  Sierra  Coneepcion,  tin  w  in;;  I  hi  on -h  ,i  in  li  i;i  .i/ini;  coiiiili  s . 

t'ahrilloin  \'i\:'.  ss  as  seardiiii;;  for  a  lar;4e  riser  in  this  s  icinils ,  has  in;;  lucn  inforined  of  its 
s-'iiice  hy  the  Indians  of  Santa   l!ailiar,i  (•liannd,      He  ;;aseit    the  iiios|iectist'  name   Niicslra 


'1: 


I  lie  Santa  N'nc/,  ss  as  considered  lis  \',incoiis  er  the  lar;;esl  river  he  had  seen  siuiih  of  tin-  Coliim- 
■  I'liilitless  i  lid;:  III;;  liy  the  appi  aiaiice  of  the  s  alley  .  Inil  il  is  com  p.i  rat  is  els  iiisi;;iii  Ilea  lit  and  nil 
•11. ml.      He  slates  that  on  the  old  Sp.ml-li  cliails  it   is  cill.d  the  l.'io  de  ."s.in  P.alardo.      .Vrrosv- 

II  111  1 7'.i.s  calls  il  Kiser  \eraido.     On  a  I'remh  chart  of  1  si  I  it  is  c.ille.l  the  .Sini  Cieraldo;  and 
i-lieiikott's  collection  of  diarl^,  l.Sfs,  the  i;iser  Hell. lido.     Oil  the  early  Coast    Snrs-cy  charts  il 


'  <.<  "<i^li,iti'd  I. a  Pniisima  linin  the  Ml 


I.I  Piiiisim.i   I 'oiice|iciiin,  situated  a  lew  iniles  inland. 


'li  III.-  Stale  iii.ip  of  C.ilit'oinni  it  is  c.illed  the  S.inla    \'iic/,  after  the  mission  of  the   same   mime 
■'ul  I'lither  inland,     t  >li  Ihe  iillicial  counts   map  il  is  n. lined  the   Siiita  Vlie/  l.'iser. 

ilclweeii  this  stTeain  and  Point  I'lirisima  Iheshore  line  is  hold,  ssith  a  fess  rocks  close  under  it, 
111  1  -liorl  stielelies  of  sand  and  rock  heach  at  losv  svater.  For  tsso  miles  from  the  river,  to  Loin- 
I I. .mil in;,',  there  is  ;i  ship  of  mesa  not   oser  tweiils    ted   liiy;li,  reaehiii;j  hack  oiieipiarter  of  a 


llie  hii;her  mesa.      I.osv   sand   dii 


lies    sihiw    in 


places  nil   Ihe  outer   cd^e  of  thi 


s   losv    mesa. 


nt  /'.liii  iiii/<«.  — 'I'liin  was  iiaiiM  .1  I'j  till'  r.'il.ilii  1  \|" 


<l    ITl'.'.l,  lii..-,lll>..   111.-  -...I.li.  Is  I'.ilMlll  ;;..(i.l    llillt.s  tllCIT. 


^ 


r.ri 


f'm 


101 


i'\nir<'  (OAsr  mi. or. 


r>t't  w  I'Cli  till'  I. <  MM  I  Mir  I,.lMilill;^'  :ili(l   I'iMlit   I'm  isilii.i,  llli'  s:iliil  li;l-<  ill  ll'lnl  jiitii  ;:iimI  iIiiiii'h  nl 
mil'  IllUlilnil  I'rrl   III  rlrVillimi  iiinl  s|i;iim!\     riiMlril    «illi    ill;l|i.l  H  ill  III    |i!.nrs.      'I'lirsi'   1111111-. 

riil;;r.s  aiiil  \allr\-i  riiiiiiiii^  iinitlivM'st  ;uii|  .sninliiiisi,  m  thr  iliii'itiDii  nl   till'  |iir\  ailiii;;  wiinl 
i'i.>(('  lii^liiT  ami  iii;;lii'i'  tn  till'  rliM|iair,ii  I  iiM'iril  iiii'>>a  aliiiiil  ImII'  a  iinlr  I'lmii  tlir  .slimi'  Ijni', 

When  a  vosrl  i>  niiiniiii,'  il(r.\  ti  lii ast  Mnitlnvaiil  of  I'm  11 1    I'm  1  si  111,1  ami  llin 1  rmii 

rriiin  it,  w  illi  tlir  imimilaiiis  nt'  tlii'  iiiii'iim   lijililrn  liy  lia/i-  m  sumKr,  llir  iiiil\  i.iinl  \  ImIiIi-  Is  .1 
Irxil  lii I'  rcHiptiy  a|i|)airiitlv  \\\i>  ur  tlinr  liiiiiiliril  IVi't  in  iliv  .ilimi.     '11 


IIS  lull;;  iiH'sa  run' 


MHilli  111   llii'Saiil.i  Vii'/  i;i\ir,  wliiisf  inniiili   liiraUs   jtt  nintimiitN .     'I'lir   iiii'sa   llirii   iisr^ 
iiall.x   til  liiuli  liills,  wlijrii  au'aiii  tall  aw  a,v  tuwaiiN  tlir  llnmla.      In  tliis  Inii;,'  lliir  tlir  l,iiiii|iiir  I 
ill;:  is  ili'iicili'I  li\  til  111'  nr  liiiir  lai  ;;r  «  liilr  Imllsi's  aliii\  r  llir  walir  liiir. 

/.iii/i/ior    l.iiiiiliiiii. — Till'   wliart'is   Imaliil  iiiiii'  ainl  a    liall"  iinli's   nmlli    ti\i'   iIi'^iit;'!  wi - 
'1    W.I  lidin  Piiiiit  Ar;;Millii.  or  iiiiii-  ainl    tlircr  i|iiai  Iris   mili  s   unrtli  niir   ami  a  liall'  ilf;.'n'i     .  1 
(N.  l\     I"..)   frniii  tilt'  « liistliii;,'  limn    ntV  tliat    iminl.      It  is  din'  ami  llinr  i|iiai'ti'is  inili'.s  .smi';  . 
finlll     I'nilit     I'misima,  liilt   it   is  nut     ililiTV  islMr  Ihiirw  illi,  luili;:    Imlilrll    li>   a    sli;illtl\  Jilii|.  .    , 
piiiiit  hall'  .1  mill'   mutliwist    li\   wrst    iVniii  llir  wliart'.     OIV  tins    pniiit    .stii'trlirs  a  led'  iil"  .snnli 
Milks  ami  a    krlp  tiilil    still    laitliir    tn    tin-  wrst «  anl.  alliuilin;,'   snini'    |iriitrctiiili  In  tlir  \\  li  r  ■ 
mutliwisl  wi'.illnr;   lint  it  is  lunail  ii|ii'ii  tn  tin' mhiI  1i\M'>I. 

In    I'ssi'i   iImii'w.is   riiiniiii'li'il  a    in'w   ami    siilistani  lal  w  li.ii  ('    1  liiir  liiimlnil    ami    iwriii 
xaiilsliin::   ami   stii'irliiii_'   mil  \ri>    nraily    smitliwi'st    li\   wist    tlimiiuli   tin'  srat trriil  Ki  1|. 
('mntrrli  IVit  uf  u  at  it.      Tin'  ap|i!ii,lrlirs  to  tlir  «  liall"  an*  mil   u'nml  I'i'i'aiisi'  a  ilrlaili'il  ixaiin;, 


i.is  .slinw  M  as  hull-  ;is  ili'\  111  tVi't  iif  w  iti'i  iliisc  niiili  T  till'  sniii  hrasl  sill  I'  ami  aim 'ast  tin'  mil. 


Till'  lii'ltiini  is 


rill  k\  ,   Ml  I  ll.ll    ,1    \  I'SSr 


ill 


ill-  nil  tlir  smitlirasi 


siili'  uT  t  In'  w  liai 


ITS  Will    111'  (li.iriil  ami  cut  if  alliiwi'il  tnilia;; 

f  at    tin'  cml  w  liiTi'  it  is  tmty  I'itI  wiilraml  n 

tmii    r.itlimiis  lit'  w  aliT  tw  II  liiimli'i'il   amllliii'l' 


t'l'i'l  nf  w  atrr  si'\ 


I'lit 


t'nm  I llin;:  Iniiiys.     Tin-  mitm  Imihv  lirs  in 

mail\   smiiliwi'st    t'lnm    tin'   nnl  nt'  I  lii'    wliail';   aiinllnr    lirs  in    IuiIm' 
y  aiils  iiiai  1\   wi'st  t'rnni  tin- iimtliw  rst   rnimrnt'  tlir  wliarl':   ami  I  wn  liii'astiiiiinrin;,'s  lie  nni   1: 
till  il  , mil  tliii  ty  \  mis    si.iitli  smitln'.isi,  .iml    mn'    liiiinliril    ami    si'\  iiily  li\  i'    \aiils   sniillir! 
i-ast    tinin   till'  snilllii'.isl   I'niinr  nf  till'   W  liarf.       Hn   tllf  nm  tll   siilr   nl'  thr  \S  liai  I'   llir  ilrplll  ill  <  : .   I 

lajinllN  :  mi  tin-  .sontli  siilr  it  iiirrra.si's  slnulv.  liiit    tln'ii'  .iir   many  incks    )iiii|i'i'tin;,'  twnm 
I'rit  aliiiv  I'  till' ;;rm'ial    li'\rl   nl    till'    linttmii       At    mir    liiilr    mitsiili-    tlif  wliaif  flii'   ili'ptli  , 
Cat  limns   ii\  it  mckx   Imttmn.  ami  it  is  saiil  tlir  lii'a\  >   smitliwrsi  swrlls   in  v  inirr  1ir;;iii  In  I.  . 
tliat  ilistaiiir  Imiii  it. 


lixti'lisixi'  w  airlimisrs  ami   nllicr  lillililili;;s.  all    w  liilrw  aslinl,  arc  sitliatnl  nil  III 


r  liliil! 


iniiri' rml  nf  t  111' w  liai  t'.      .\  railway  is  laiil  tliinii;^li   ami  almii^sulc  these  waiclimisrs  In  1  lif 
thr  wliarl'.  whiih  is  limit  nii  a  siiL'lit  incline,  so  that  the  Inailnl  rais  nm  tn  thr  cml  li\  yi,i\ 


The  tnwil  nl'   l.nmpnc  is  sitliatcil    nil   the  left 


ihr   S.iiila  \  nr/    l;i\  If  alimil  rii'lil 


limn  the  I    ml  in;;.      It  has  sta;;r  rntincitintis  w  ith  ( i.i\  inl.i.  in  the  Saul. i  Ilai  li.iia  <  'liaiincl,  ai.  I 


I, I  IS  Al; 


linns,  the  ini'seiit  tciniimis  nf  a 


lailinail  heme  in  I 'mi  I  laiimil.     There  is  an  c\iiii 


nf  rich  ai;!  ienltiir.il  cnmitry  in  the  iniineilialc  \iiiiiit.\  nf  the  tnwii. 

Aliniit  half  a  mile   iimtliwest    nf  the   imiiitli   nl    the    li\er  ami  mir   ami  a    half  iiiih  s  sm;;'.  i-' 
frnlii   thr   l.niiipiir   \\  hai  f  tlirir    has    hrrll    cniist  rMcleil    the    inner    p. Hi     nf   a    w  ha  I  f  alil  ea-I       ■      I 
Ili'I  ill's  w  aieliniise  :    I  Hit   it   Is  m  it  y  et  lull  It  nut  In  ileep  \\  alii  ,  w  hnli  at  this  pnilit  Is  nl  a  111 1  nil 
ilistaiice  frmii  the  .slini  c,  ami  the  Inealinii    is  nut  t'a\  nralile. 

I'liillt  I'm  is i III II. — This  is  the  til  st  pinlnilielit  pninl  nmihw  nnl  nf  I'nilll  .\l;:Uellii  lllil  \-,  ,'  •  • 
Iwi'Im'  Illlles  finlii  it.       A   icef  in.lUcs   nut    tVmil    tlie    pmilt    alimit  a    i|liaiiir  nf  11    mile  tn  lie 

.sunt hw  est.  The  point  is  ipiiii>  liiw .  luit  lucky,  ami  rises  \er\  t;iailiiall\  tn  a  mesa  a  1  unit  1  Im  •  • 
•Ircil  feet  abnve  the  sea  al  niie  mih'  tn  the  eastwaiil.  The  miili  Mile  nt'  the  pninl  is  1  nlirei^  I'll' 
saml.  ami  fur  tlirie  nr  fniir  miles  further  iiniih  it  is  sainly  In  a  liei;;|it  nf  mie  Inimlieil  tiii.iini 
split  tell  with  lil.irk  tul'ls  or  jiatclies.  Wlieii  this  pninl  hears  Miiitheasl  niie  i|nai  ter  e.i-;  (."si';.  |  I! 
the  ilniilile  ]ieak  of  Tramjilillnii  Mniintaili  is  ,sei  11  .jnst  tn  the  .siiiith w  aiil  nf  il.  Wheiilii.  :i'" 
liolthwest  (NW.  nf  Pniiit  I'lirisiiiia  t  he  Inw  nlltst  ri'tclilli;:  I'nillt  Ar;:ilclln  is  ilist  inctly  niaih  !i.  I' 
ill;:  smith  >miihe,is|  iS.SI''..!  .scNrntccn  miles  ilisiaiit. 

Aliniit  one  null'  nil  I'nilll  I'misiiiia  I  he  smimlili;;s  at  1  i;rliteeii  fathonis  ^ivc  while  sa.'l,  .i;"i 
them  e  oil  a  line  to  Point  Ar;.'iiellii.  alireast  the  Santa  N'lie/  Hiver,  the  .siiiiiiiliii;:s  arc  twenty  litlMHi,- 
over  line  ^ray  saml. 

The  pninl  was  iiaineil  al'lei  the  ramlio  of  which  it  is  the  westernmost  limit. 

Three  miles   miitliwani  of  Poiiil    Piinsima  there  emplics  11  small   htrcaiii  calleil  the  (iii  ivni''" 


J 


«p 


I 


i 


^1  i , 


.  1 

1 

fil 

«s 

Sif 

'■lil    : 

'li 

.1  ■           :    r 

><I 

.■\t            : 

t,'| 

-ll 

*ff' 


■' 

1 

:  1  ^ 

5         ip 

1 

•-•-      , ) 


^r'-^I 


\  • '/  A/i/i-  ■  -  ^  'j-/'  '■.'•»^..vV;  ■ 


rj^- 


■  '^'■^'i^ 


r.iinl  «»!,  N.  l,j-  W  I  W  ,'.4  luilrt. 


.^r^'^^-vvy.^^.  .Ayr X 


Brxaki-re.  Point  8bI,  N.  I>y  W  ,4niilp«.     (\t>b\.) 


*f:Sr 


"jr-^ 


^  ..•:^  '^^■^/y/^^^^.J0y^ 


■  :.  V 


.  ..^w    s,  !.••»  ,.v,  ,,,*»- 


Point  8*1,  E.  iS.,liiiiiIea. 


■  ■.yiiil^ 


tmSmSBm 


M'-'-v  I 


i.lM'P, 

1 1.    ,h:si 
,■-1'  .nil  s| 

!'i:  irlits 

Hal 

i  i'  ilolllS 

rni, 

I  \:  ii-iiit' 

.11.. I  r,... 

■  i'  Mil'  s( 
li.  Jil  f. 
:ii;ilv  sc 
liu  iiilicj 
WIk 

I  !-     I'U'     tl> 

111'  1:111'  II 

i\  1   -.ll'fS. 

-l"illii|. 

III.  (l.irk, 

1-1. •!  IS  SC 
».n.|  the 
•'..■  ii.illli 
''   'i.'i  till 

.  '"i\.'\   .sj 

r.i'fui 

'■.  .itiii'i', 

"Illlll  IS 
.ii  ^^ll'CS  (' 
li\    .1    l.'U 

M.IIlt  I'.. II 

'111.'  t 

■  i!!'l  ;-  111,1 

li  1.    .|i';;H' 

'i-t  -111... 

•l'"l    i'.'tWl 
.■■    U.ltrr. 
>  ll'is  III  »' 

».  'ii'i mill 

'111'  l>l.t  ;i 
It'll  i.j    \\a 

"lllllll  |IIU> 

Tlif  CI 
a<  riK-,  \\\\ 

I«|  K.'  I.itl 

■ill.  I'lT  (Vol 

ll   I-  I. I'M, I 
,l!>.i;it    Ijv,. 


i;'"iv,  uiii 

-■I ..  -  lf,ll 

l'!ii'^  i(i| 

I'll. 'I. 

'  liilN'  ,lli(U 


■Vlilli'.l 


-1 


I'Al  ll'IC    COA-I     I'll.nr. 


lo: 


I'i'cr.  On  tlu>  State  iniiji  of  Ciiliforiii:!  it  is  callcil  the  San  A ntoiiio  ("reck,  liiit  it  is  now  ikhihmI 
;i  .Icsiis  Miirir.  Crcfk  al'tcr  (lie  raiirlm  llirt'ii;;li  wliiili  it  linws.  In  isi;i  tlii'  I'.  S.  «^>iiai!ci  mast.  I's 
si>  iiM  ship  liililh  WiiK  wicckcci  near  licr<',  liiit  tlif  cxaii  IiimUIn  was  I'or^iollcii  iiiilil  l.ssi,  wlicii  tiic 
:     II  Ills  I'nnii  tlic  cit-fk  wasliiil  awav  tin-  sanil  ami  <'\|in>ci|  ilic  nld  wicck. 

Half  wav  iM'twft'M  Point    I'liiisiina  ainl    I'oint  Sal   tlic   souii(linj;s  on  the  cliart  sliow  •■i^litccii 
i   ■  i.iiMS  over  line  t:ray  sand. 

I'uiiil   Sill*   iinil   .l»i</i(i/wy/. -This   capt'    lies    twenty    miles    noilu    i.y    west     two  lliiiils   west 
\   liy  W.  Vj  \\ .)  t'roai  Point  Arj^mllo,  ami  is  ni  ii  ked  liy  streaks  of  mIIow  sandstone,  e\ecpi  at  liie 
(\: ;  I'liie  point.      It  is  a  hold  in  adiand,  limned  l>y  toiii' or  li\  e  dai  N,  peaked,  loekv  lulls  several  liun 
i:ir  Meet  lii^di  and  strelehin;;   inland    tVoni   the  point.     Mehind    this   iiMstiii'   iid;:c  ( v\  liieh  is  om- 

iiie   Siei  i-.i  (  dm'epiion  I  that    .^Ireti'iies  inhiiid   Meal  Iv  east,  inereasini;' in 


the  seeomlai  V  axes 

_ht  lof  ahont  three  miles  to  Mi 

ii\  seven  leet  aliove  the  sea. 


ipe,  w  here  it  attains  an  elesation  ol   siMern  hnndied  and 


It   IS  tleeless,    lull 


d  \Nill 


;i.i-'S  and  .hapanal.     '  )i 


liii  'illieial  eoiiniy  map  this  line  of  moiinlain.s  is  de>i;;nati  d  the  .\/utie  Hi 

When  made  I'mm  the  northwest,  Point  Sal  presents  iiseU'wiili  a  .shaiidy  iiielined  sea  I'.iee 
n>  ii;,' lo  a  inoderate'.v  low,  eonieal  liill,  with  t  «o  iiij,'hei'  conical  hills  liehind.  Ibllowed  li.\  a  loiij,' 
ill.  hue  under  which  is  a  meal  sand  iliit'l  which  lias  Iteeii  blow  n  up  and  over  the  I  dull'  by  the  noith' 
»i--ti'i's.  liet  ween  till -.  lar;,'e  (lime  ami  till'  |ioini  are  ollnidiiiiis  separated  li\  the  dark,  iia'jiial 
^i.'iiiid.  No  rock  show s  olV  the  point  from  the  almve  (liiiclion.  W'i'cii  seen  rrom  the  west waril 
ill.  .lark,  conical  hills  are  projected  a^rainst  the  lii^;li  land  I'lirther  east  and  south,  and  a  larue.  rocky 
i-lri  IS  .seeiioii  the  south  face;  also  a  small  lock  close  to  the  iiomi.  When  seen  from  the  south- 
M  ml  the  conical  hills  are  not  so  maiked.  hut  their  dark  ma^s  is  shown  a;;aiii,-l  the  distant  hills  to 
■'•a-  north  and  east.      Moreover  there  are  iioa    two  marked,  ^'leal.  >  ilhiw  isli,  eicsceiit  shaped  si  leaks 


i!:mIi'|   the  eres 


t  line  of  the  I  id;;i'  wli 


ere  it  icai 


lies  its  t:nalest    height.      'J' 


lesc  cicscclits  lia\  e  tlicir 


'iisev  sides  towards  each  o.iier,  and  the  eastern  i-.  the  lar;;i  i. 

I'.il.ire  lieiii;,'  lip  with    Point   .'>al,  Point    P.iiehon  is  \isilile  Well   III  the  westward,  and  in  clear 
r.itlier,  the  lii;;h  nioiintaiiis  near  Tape  .San  'ilaitin  and  oev  mil. 

TliiAniliindiii. — 'I'he  llaiik  of  the    mniiiitain   spur   formiii;,'    !':'int  Sal    protects  the  aiiehora;;e, 


uliieli    IS    south  ol    the    point,  and    plescnts    therelo   a    ;,;liMt    w.ill    eMcii.iiii 


liol  tl 


1     se\  I'llt  \    I'lljht 


unes  east  (N.  Ts     I!.)  for  one  ami  live  si\iceiitlis  miles  to  the  opci.iii;;- oi   a  sliuhi  \alley  marked 
.  ,1  lew  hushes,  and  near  the   m    ilu-rii  part  of  a  half  mile  stretch  of  sand  heach  enanled  l>v  coii- 


••i.iiit  nillers. 


The  three  fathom  line   stretches  three    hiiiidnd    I'.nd    twenty  yards   southwest    from  the  point 


marked   hv  l> 


r.. :.!,,  !■- 


T 


le  ••mill  r    lnciKc 


lies  ti\e    hii.iilred  and  si\lv  \aids  south  lifl\ 


\e  ile^jices  West   (.S.  ,'>."i     \\'.)froiii   the   point .  w  it  h  tiii   fat  hums  ol'  wali  i  .lose  to  it,  except  on   tin 
mil    lica\  \   lire.ik.'is  lir    s.iutli    f.nir  hnndied    ai   '  thii  l.\  .\  aids    from  the  point  ; 


i«t   >Hle, 


.\  r. 


•i  ietwi'ell  I  hcse    and  t  I.e  on 


Iter  hieaker   1 1 


MIC  IS  .111    oceasiull 


d     I 


ire.ik  III  a  r  m  1>    w  ith  I  w  eh  e  teel 


u.iter.  'I'iie  sontli  end  of  Seal  Uock  (an  islet  l.iri\  live  jeet  hi;;h,  and  iie.iil\  one  hiindied 
lis  111  extent  I  lies  soillll  sixty  de;,n-ees  east  (S.  (10  l'.,i,  .-.eM  II  lilllld  led  ,\  aids  distant  fl.illl  the 
■leiDinii  .1  part  of  Pom!  .'sal;  lull  lie-  innth  side  nl  theislel  is  oiil\  t  w  o  hiiiidred  .\  .ii  ds  olf  the 
iiest  .shore,  vwlli  I  liree    lalhoms    hetween    them.      Two    hlllidie.l    s  aids  olV  the  soul  liw  est   fact' of 


111.  Islet  are  const. lilt    hicakeis  and  a  rock,  liesidc 


es    se\eial    sniiKcli    roi 


ks  h 


i\  iiiu  lint  two  to  four 


■I   w. iter  upon    tliciii.       \liin;;th.'   soulh   f.ice  ol'  th.'    imii,!  a  dept  h  of  three    tathoiiis  is   loiilid 


"iflilii  one  or  two  hillidled  \  ar.ls 


Tl 


le  curse  III  Hie  coast  iimlei   Pi. ml  Sal  is   alioiil    tlin 


i(iiaileis  of  a  mileilec|)  an     two  nii 


W  nil   SOlin  lillLJS   ill  se\e||    fallli 


a  \  el  \   iinil.ii  111  lioiti'iii  I 


f  hard  ciav  sai  d  ; 


a  depth  ol 


1' .  I*e  fat  lioiiis  is  loniiil  from  hall   toone   mile  oil'  shore.     The   roadstead  forms  a    !olerald\    j^ood 


v|. 


•r  I'loiii  the  pievailiii;'  northwest  winds,  Imi 


IS  aiw  a\  s : 


Th 


slllijecl   |oa\el\  lieaxy  swell  W  ith  them. 
•  t  aiirhoia^^e  is  in  sescii  fathoms  water. 


I'  1-  l.ro.id  open  to  tin'  southerly  w mils  ami  swc 
i'"'  It  live  hiimlieil  yaids  south  se\eiity  ci^ht  dcLirees  east  (S.  7s  P.)  Iioiii  the  north  end  of  Seal 
k"l>.  with  the  extleme  end  ol'  Point  Sal  just  open  \i\  the  ii.i  t 'i  end  of  the  rock;  lioltom  li.ird, 
;;i  1 .  sand  w ith  mica. 


his  roadstead  was  siirvesed  in  ls(17.  and  a  ch.irl  of  it 


shed  111  ISlls,  l,v  the  Coast  Siirvcv. 


I  here  were  two  landMl^rs  or   chutes  iimlcr  I'l.int    Sal,   the  old    l.os   .Vlaiiios  aiid  Saiil.i   Maria 
'  lin!.- .ihoin  t  wii  ami  a   lialf  miles  soiitheasi  ward  ol  I  he  point,  and   t  h.'  w  li.iiT  deep   in   the   lii;;lit 


m 


■m\ 


■N';nin-.l   |.\   Vi 


in  .N.imiiiIm  r,  IT'.',',  all.i    \. 


<\    I'.iH    II.  auKx.l.l.i  Sil-  ■.<  I 


I'fi     lai  of  ^.111  rriUiiiHco.     Vol.  II,  p.  ;i. 


111^  e.iiMIii 


iiiiKiiil  III   till' 


-UlMlJlJJIWIiMIJ 


<i 


M 


lOfi 


r.\»  IIIC    (OAM     I'll.ul". 


iiiiilor  the  liij;li  land.  Tli«s(>  air  Imlli  ahaiiiloiinl  (ISS.'l)  ami  tlif  wari'lKUiscs  ninoMil  to  San  I 
Oliispu,  wliciu'i'  l'n'i;;lit  lor  I'oiut  Sal  i.s  lakfii.  It  is,  liowcvii-.  ii|(i|him'(1  to  ii.m'  tin-  clmlc  a),'aii 
then'  is  a  ^\|tNiiiii  i|aair\  in  tlu'  \ifiiiit.v. 

A  .slant  tlisiancc  northwaid  of  Point  ."sal  lln'ir  was  I'tnincil;.  a  .sin  t' l.inilin^rcallcil  Millrta  I 
iii(i.  Si'liooiit'r.s  Wert'  loaili'cl  li\  the  nsc  of  a  (Icckcd  o\it  .snrt' boat  wliali  was  li.inird  lliroii;;! 
snifliy  means  of  an  cinlli'ss  ro|ii'  pasviii;;-  tliion^li  a  Mi  rK  sccnri'il  to  a  lino.\  ont.sidi-. 

OlV  tliis  jiart  (if  tilt' foast  it  is  reported  tliat  tin'  iiideseent  lilms  of  sniMnarine  petidlenn 
seen  on  I'ae  snilaee  of  tin'  sea. 

Ihip  sill  iSiitniiliiiiis  off  I'niiit  Sill. — .\  line  of  deep  sea  sonnilinjjs  was  ran  on  Ueeemlier  '_'i'. 
'21,  is:.",,  from  ei;;lit  miles  iiortliwest    iNW. :  ol'  Point  Sal  ilo«  ii   to  I  lie  si  ail  li  west  1>.\  sontli  iSW 
S.),  a   distanei'  of  sixty  eij;lii    miles   solllliwesf    |S\\'.)  from  the  point.      'I'liese   ]ilaee   tlie  oiieli 
sand  fatlioMi  line  a   little  less  tlian   fo!t>   miles  olV  slioie.  and  tlie  t  wo  ilninsand  fatliom  line  I. ^ 
seven  miles  from  llie  loast.      'I'ln  se  sm  iiilili;;s  ;ne   talnilalid  as  follow^: 


ii 


I...II 

II. 1.          1 

35 

01 

.14 

57 

114 

.V. 

31 

«". 

31 

3fi 

3( 

'jri 

31 

■.'3 

u.-.lii.l.  I>.  i.ll, 


ClNU.ii't.-t  Ml   l>..lt<itn 


.    ...  i;n*t'iiii*li  mini,  liii.-  miiih! 

4^.  1  I  i.i>  anil  iitttit 

l>;itk  iiiihI  HM.l  Hitixl 

41  )i  itir«'iiii(li  liiiii).  M.t.  V  M.tiiil. 

3'i.  .'■  lirAVInh  litai  k  kjiikI. 

.'a  '  Ctti'i'Ti  mini  mill  K^iitil. 

33  2  lUtk  urii'li  inn. I 


liir^hiirr  Iliiihiiiiriii>lii/  Irom  Point  ('oiieepeinii  to  Point  Sal. —  Immediately  oil'  Point  Coini 
f  lie  deplli  li.is  lueii  show  ii  to  lie  Very  j;  le.it  at  a  sliol  t  dislaine,  1 1  aeliin^'  (Mie  Imndl'i  d  fa'lin 
less  tliaii  tliiee  miles.  <  Ml  Point  Ar;:in  llo  tlie  tell  tailiom  eiirve  Is  le.ss  tlian  li.ilf  a  mile  frm 
lirojeitiiiL.'  points  of  the  elitls,  w  illi  lioltom  ot'  line  Innken  shells  and  ;;i.i\  sand:  at  one  iiin 
illl.lIIiT  tinier  t  «elil\     falliolllS  ii\el    line    ;^r.iy    s;iliil.       .\  t    I'lUll     miles    Ihele    isailiptll    iilfull 

fatliom-^  o\  er  d.ii  U  ^'i.iy  sand  nm  th  ot  the  point,  iind  line  ):i  :iy  sand  and  in  ml  smith  of  ii.      l;< 
Point  ( 'oneepcioii  and  Point  Ai  ;:iii  llo,  the   ten  tallnan  line  is  !i-s  than  a  inde  I'mii  the  sln^i  • 
;;elier.in\    |ii>t  outside  the  lilies  of   kilp.       At   three  and  a  h  ill'  miles    tiolii  slime  the    depth  is 
fiiit.v   f.illimns  o\ii  line  ;iia>  sand  and  iiind. 

I'oilow  in;.'  the  eo.ist   liol  t  h  w  ai  d  of   Point     Al;;ilillo   tlit   ten  I'.it  lioiii  eiirv  e  is  cIom-  to    Pmn; 
ri  si  III  a  and  .'>.il.  Inil  in  the  iiitei  \  eniii;,'  l»i;;Vts  it  w  ill  a\  ei.i;;e  three  qiiai  tei  s  of  a  mile  timn 
The  twenty  tat  Iimii  line  is  also  iIomi'  on  the  ]  mints,  aveia;^iii^'  one  and  a  hi  If  miles,  I  ml  i  he  i 
fatlioiii  eiii\c  is  aliont  four  miles  fium  slmre. 


The  dee|i  '^ea  Koiiiiiliii;,'s  mIiow  tli.it  nine  miles  taitside  the  soatliein  shore  of  S.iii    I. 


111^  II 


P.ay  there  is  adepili  of  t'l^rhty  f.itl 


'\  en  miles  oil' I'oint   8.il,  one  liiiiidred  ai 


III    seVeli 


fatlioiis;  and  twenty  three  miles  olV  I'oint   Pniisima,  three  Inindit  d  and  nine  f.ilhmns. 

Till-  gill'  rul  tiriid  <;/'  tin  iiinut  liiii  fioin  I'oint  Sal  is  north  lor  a  I  unit  I  wel\  e  miles,  w  hen  tin 
lM';;iiis  s  wee  pi  11};  to  tlie  w  est  w  aid  to  form  the  liay  iif  S.in  laiis  Olaspo.      From  seaward  the  ;;i    . 
appearanee  (  I' the  streteii  of  coast  soiitii  of  Point  Sa'i  is  similar  to,  luit  mnelilowerlhaiith.it  I" 
Points  Coneipeioii  and  .\r;.'iiello;    liiit  after  passin;:  to  the  iimthward  of  I'mnl  Sal.  the   moiiniu 
f.dl  Iiaek  and  the  shore  is   foiined  of  low   hand  hills  Or  a  distance  of  (oniteen   miles. 

^tletrh  ihedlilii'S  evteiid   almost    thlie   iniles  t'imii    ihecu.ist  and  In  liiml  tl 


.\li 


w  ay  111  III' 

.Santa  .^IaIia  \'alley.  Se\eial  small  slieanis  fiom  the  dillciint  \alle\s  timl  their  w.iy  tn  iln 
tliron;;li  these  s  Hid  ill  I  lies,  w  h  ieh  ciuse  theiii  to  .-.plead  out  and  for  111  c\leiisi\  e  lakes  and  n 
in  Heasons  ot'fieshet.  'I'he  tiist  of  these  sireaiii-.  1^  the  Siinl'i  Mdii'i  /I'irrc,  w  hicli  Imms  pai' 
lMMiiidar\  of  S. I II  laiis  (»iii-<|io  and  S.iiila  Pi.iili.n.i  <  on  titles,  and  on  w  hieli  the  tow  n  of  <  Iim 
i^.  loeaied.  lour  miles  limn  its  delioiichiire  inlo  the  oil  all.  fmii  miles  frmn  Point  S.il.  'Ihe  i 
the  Arnniii  0»/i  I'Iuki,  i\'^\[t  miles  fioiii  I'niiit  Sal;  and  l.isllv.  the  .lirm/u  ^'l(Mll^■  and  the 
t'riik  open  upon  the  ocean  I i,N  one  month,  t  w eh  e  miles  lioin  Pmnt  Sal.  oi  I  wo  and  a  h.ilt  imli 
the  northern  end  of  the  ■.tli'lcli  ot    sand  lieadi. 

I'i\mii    /.iiiiiliiiii.  —  'l\i\H   l.indiii^;   is   silnatid   almiit  two   and  one  i|iiarler  miles  noi  th  nm 
w  aid  limn  the  month  ot    the  Al  loso  (ilaiide  and  one  and  .i  halt   miles  siinl!iea-t  nt    Ihe  si,, 


K 


1    1^  { 


^ 


.,-^v"/:> 


>y» 


%] 


(f  1 'I 


1 

'ifl^l 

If]) 

•  > 

:'ii 

il 

r.iim  H'l.  Ii'iti 


r.iiiit  Sal.  N    I7  W.,7i  m:li'» 


I    ^  :*^ 


■     i       '1 

1  .  , 

1                                                                      1 

■  > 

'  /'                  ; 

1 

11 


^^-•^f,. 


SiUhl   lllllHM. 


I'nint  H.ulinn   N\V   t.v  \V     V.trMilr 


I'.-iiil  S;ni  I. Ill-  N\V.,'j:tJ  mill' 


I'oiut  .Sill,  .SK.  i.S.,r.  miles. 


■     f  ■  -' 


i  .s.-m  l.iii~  N\V.,'j:tj  uiil>' 


l..ii-iil.,.|i..H,iy. 


^~-^i^ 


I'liiiit  Sal,  N.  liy  W.,7i  miles. 


w 


^^  ^ 


i-'feM 


11'  !|';h|?'i1 


,*♦ 


'4'     4; 


^     li 

't    ,IE 


1/ 


▼  *•-'.'   •-r 


k-u  ■  -■••-••■%j 


sssr: 


j.^.i-  b^Srr^^Siu? 


Sadilli-  Miuiiil;iin,  1  -:I4  fi-ol.  I'urt  H»rforil.  San  l.uis  OlMspo  Mity 

Wlial.r  lt.uk. 
Pi>iiit  Snii  l.iiiK,  N\V   liy  N.  \  N.fiJ  imlfn. 


/ 


•,  iJEr->iSKiauJ,"!?sj- 


■  jVl>^j..»^, 


.^.^ 


l.ioii  Rock,         I'liint  llutliMn. 

:\v.  ^  \v..  inti.ii.-s 


I'tM'llK    ||ollM«. 


1.m:i4  fcit 

I'lillit  S»li  1 
NW.by  N.^N  ,.',<  Hi 


ii,i  III  111   r 


't 


1  1 

.l.-ri 

1 

t'.  Ill 

\ 

1  ilii'  .' 

(■,. 

!.  tlir 

w   . 

.   t    llMS 

,u. 

.   .Mill    1 

tin 

'\  .llrll 

In. 

(ll 

J  itl''ll 
:,-r.l. 

,«|i' 

r    tll\M 

II     ' 

-  fiiiin 

In  ;i|. 

ll 

-!'  U.I 

- 

...'     W 

1  • 

■  lis  (';i 

\    lull 

1  ■ 

l,nj:.« 

1  ' 

i.i  ilir 

A  |Mir 

.|i.>(l  (I 

■I       i 


I 


rill-  1 

(M-I  I'V  lilt 
CI    ,1    illl.'Cl 

ill  '  lr\  atiii 
wlu'ii  ;i  \»'i 
wi'li  tin-    1 

.M^l  I  III   Ml 

ilif  -( 


Tu.'lv 
('i_lit  liiiiii 
fill  'liir  mi 
P.iit  .)  mill 

fii^:   km; 

3  I'm-  ill 
i  I'oiiil 
jli'u'Iri'S  \M 
fii!  '11111:;  111 
«r  l>  Ml  s] 
foill  lUcl  II 
•  III     ^llirh 

•«'\.ll  lllllj 

bii\  -nil',  < 

Hiirr  , 

|()i:li   llnl't 

6»ii  i.iiis 

luii'hi'il  y 
■Mn^'.  1 \ 


r-  i 


■4  (* 


rvcii'ic  ( KAsr  I'll, 111 


l<i7 


1  ,  II'  ..(■  San  Luis  ()l»i.s|i(.  1!m>.  I'lom  rmiit  S.iii  l,iii>  ((  Hii-|i..)  il  Ihmi,-,  mcuiIi  (■i;,'lily  m'Vcii  iiiiil  a 
I,  il.';;rfivs  iMhl  (N.  n7A  I'"..),  (li.slaiil  liM'amla  li. ill'  mil.  ~,  ami  i-.  a  lilllr  (i\  i  r  iiiic  (iiiailtT  ul'  a 
P       |..  tilt"  siiiilliwanl  iif  tlic  li'iiilirni  rml  m'  tlir  imi;:  I'immu  >aml  >|p||,      llriiir  In  Hit'  miiiiIi«.>I 

\       I  lln' .slum' liiH'  \h  riM'k.v  Mull'.      Al    tins  | l  mi  ihi'  li.  arli,  ami  jiisi  whcic  Ihr  Inw  rlilV  mii'. 

,,.  N  tilt-  loiij;  litit>  III'  saiiil  iliii  i-.  a  what  I'  Ihiii.  rn  linmlrnl  ii^l  luii;;  ami  twi'lvi-  liil  alinxr  lii-Ii 
»  ,  .  I  lias  liri'li  Imill  nut  to  Imii  Irni  I'lil  nl'  wall  t.  'Iln  ir  aii'  Iwii  lai-r  w  aii'liniiM's  al  llir  .slioir 
( iHJ,  ami  till"  si'uwaiil  I'liil  ix  iiiadi'  ildiililf  ilir  widili  of  tlii>  m.ijn  |Mit,  A  i;iil\\a.\  liark  i  mis  riiiiii 
til.    wari'liniisrs  III  I  III'  I'Ntii'inJIs.     Oiii'  iiiuumi;;  liiiii\  liis  alM>iil  I  wit  liiiiiilriil  vanls  milsiili' iiii  |iiii- 

lu;  jiticii  i>(  till'    ill r  llio  wliail',  ami  l«ii  ntliiis  r.i^i   |,\^  flic   wliail';  Imt    all  an-  liahlr  In   In- 

(I,  i:,:ji>il.     Tlii'ir  "as  rciiiiirrl.v  a  Miiriamlinj;  In  if.     'I  lir  whail    is  -iimcwlml  sliilli'ii  d  liy  iilii-avy 

|,l  '  (if  Kl'lp    wllirll    I'Xtrllils    riliMl   till'    Militiii  III   imltliill  nl'  .Sail    I.llis    (Hijs|ii,    \\;\\    alcitl^'  llll'  lucky 

Mm  ,  ti.wanis  till'  lu'j;iiiiiiiit'  of  llic  .-ami  Im.h  h.  luii  dues  not  icarli  to  the  w  liaif.  <  >thrr  than  this 
i;       liitllrly  cxiiuscil. 

Ill  aiipiiiarliin;,'   tlii'  wliail,  \c.sscW  sliciiild   lie  caii'liil  to  .ivunl  a  miiiUcii  iiicK  with  nid\  IwcUc 

ti  ■ !  .f  walrr  iilinii   il  al   nnliiiars    In"  tide.  «  huh  In  >   >niii|i    m'\ciiI_\m\   ami  a  hall'  ili';;n'is  west 

S.  Tir'.     W.I  a  lit  til'  iiMi-  mil'  ami  mic  thud  inilo  lioin  the  iiid  ul    ristiin  w  hail',  and  sniilh  lil'lv  Iniir 

ilr^'ii'i's  cast  (S.  .M     K.I  two  thirds  III'  a   mile  linni    r.itd  l.'nrk.     (.^ri'   I>aii;.'cis  in  San    Luis  ( Uiispi) 

i;.i\.i 

\  laiiiliiiaik  mil'  and  mir  ijiiailir  miles  In  the  "esi  miithwoi     \\  NW.  i  Ikhh  ihi'  I'isiiin  "hart' 
I  !.iit.'i>  n  d  liarii  and    \illn"   Ihui.-c  nii   the  sln|iiii;;  hilNide   iiiic  hiindreil    I'cet  alin\  »■  the  sea  anil 

t lliri'c  hiinilrni  ,\ards  iiishnrr, 

A  iiiirlion  1)1'  till'  prndiiei'  frmii  the  Saiitii  Maria  and  ntliei  niinm'  valleys  in  tlii'  vicinity  is 
~1  i|.|ifd  Irnni  this  "hart'in  small  i  nasliii;,'  vesseN.  The  neatest  tii"ii  In  the  landiii;;  is  .\riinii 
(iMiide,  aliiilll  live  miles  cast  nl'  the  vv  hail.      It  li.is  almiil  til'l\   Imiiscs. 

HAY   01--   SAN    I.UIS   OIUSPO. 


i     ?l 


The  Mmitr  Ihi  Ilia  hull  Is  a  ;,'niii|  l.imlm.ii  U  Ini  ,~^aii  l.iiis  ( (hispn  lla\  "lien  made  Irmii  tlii'  sniith. 
(M-i  iif  mirlli"est,  and  lia.>  iiinie  nl'  t  lie  ehai.irli  r  nl  a  .slinrt,  .'-ei  rati  d  r.iii.m'  jiaialii  I  with  the  ;;eii- 
II  il  dliectinii  nl'  Iherna.-t.  Ill  ;;nnd  "ealllel  S.idille  I  e.lk.  il;:hteen  lllindled  ami  t  hill  \  I  lllii'  Ici't 
ill  '  l<'\  atinii,  and  I  he  lll;.'hest  pi  lint  nf  the  iaii;:e.  is  \  isihle  liniil  a  d  1st, I  nee  nl'  Inrts  el;;  hi  In  lies,  and 
»  lull  a  \  essel  is  ten  miles  .sniiih  nl'  I'm  lit  S.il.  Hate  1 1  ill  and  I'm  lit  San  l.iiis  an-  \eiy  iie.ii  1;,  in  i.in;;e 
ui'li  the  lii;;)i('si  ]iiiint  it'  tin  niminlain.  u  hile  I'nint  r.iiehnn  and  the  nmiiiitains  nl'  Cape  San 
il.iitin  ari'  in  view.     With  a  lia/\  atmn.-pheie  nvi  i  the  l.iml  inside  it  stamis  nut  very  piiniiini'iitly. 

The  ;,'eii;,'raplii»'al  pn.-itinii  nl' .Saddle  I'e.ik.  as  del  el  iiiimd  liy  the  ( 'nasi  and  t  Icndelir  Siir\  ey,  is  : 


I.Ulllllili' 
l.iiM''illllll' 


;i.'.    i:;   1 1    ii  umiiIi. 
l-jii    IT    .;-  .11  «.-!. 


Twehe  miles  In  the  iinrtliea-t  li.\  east  nl  Saddle  I'eaU  is  Mmiiit  San  l.iiis.  which  istwciily- 
fi_iil  hundred  and  lnil\  li\e  I  eel  in  eli\  .illnii  ,1111 1  \  Is  1 1  lie  I'lmii  a  d  1st  a  me  nf  lilt  \  nine  mile- .  Still 
fill!  Iier  lid, Hill  iiscsMnuiit  Sail  .Inse,  t  liii  t  \  se\  ell  hiiiidled  and  sc\  eiilN  si\  leel  alinvc  I  he  .sea,  and 
B'lii -luaii  111  llmiie  Mmiiil.iin,  almiii  Iniii  tlinusami  leet.tlic  latter,  twenty  three  miles  east  mirili- 
fill     I'.  Nl',,    Irmii  Saddle  I'eak,  is  \  isiMe  mi  I  he  limi/nii  at  .si\,nt\  iiiiii.-;, 

I'nr  ilcseiiptimi  nf  t  he  sc.l  I  an'  nf  .Mmite  del   r.llelinli  .see  \>A\H'   11,'!. 

I '('ill  I  Sun  /.Kl'.v,  "  hich  is  the  w  estelll  head  nl'  San  I.l'.is  (Hil.spn  ]',.\\  ,  lies  linrt  it  t  "  elllyTnlll 
dl'.le.s  West  (N.  L'l  W'.n  hills  li\i'  miles  t'lnlii  I'miit  A  li;ll,lli  •.  It  i>  a  lil.:^!.'  linlil,  !n<U.\  |iiiilll, 
fii!  i.iU'  the  snlltlieastein  spur  nf  the  .Mnlile  del  I'.m  hull,  >A  iillst  "mill  liilehnli  I'm  ins  tin  nml  II- 
*!'  I' 1 II  spur,  anil  is  the  pninl  lir.st  pinmiiieiitly  sn  n  in  in  the  sniithw  .ird.  I'niiit  San  I, ills  He.s 
fill  1  .mil  mi(>  ei^jlitli  inihs  smith  fnrly  ili';;iees  e.ist  s.  iii  I!.  I'lniii  the  lii;:hcsl  part  of  tin-  ii-.'iiini 
»iii  vhieli  is  ci;^lilci'ii  liiiiidted  and  tliirt.\  three  I'l  et  in  elc\  atinii  i.  ami  i  iscs  r.ipidly  to  ii  rid;;!' 
•«'\'  II  liiimlri'il  and  three  leel  alin\e  the  se.i.  h.iic  nil  tnp,  liiit  till'  sides,  especially  the  smitlicast  or 
blU       lie,  densely  coveied   "llll  seiuli. 

/•'-".  //(//.  clfvcn  hiindied  and  ei-lit\  lliice  feet   lii-li,  is  a  -nnd  himlmark,  and  lies  t  ..o  miles 

*«ii   il  imrtliwcst  (NNW,)  frmn  the  iimni.     The  lii;;h,  Imhl,  ami   i.iek>  elills  wesluardly  frmn  I'nint 

fiiiii  I. ins  are  liordi-rcd   li,\   niimermis   rucks,  "liieli.  Iin"e\cr.  dn  mil  extend   fiiiihermil  than  I'mir 

Uihlied  \ards.     The  pninl  is  niaiked   hy  a  laiue  mill.\ili;;   islet  nf  liasallic    rnek,  seventy  li\i'  feet 

t-'li.  kiinwn  as   W'hiiltf  Ixtiiiiil.     It  is  .scvent  \   li\e  \ards  in  exicnl,  and  its  smnew  hat  rmintk'il  anil 


I 


i-'' 


f  fi 


t|': 


r..| 


i-:i 


..m 


108 


I'M  II  h    (i>\si    iii.or. 


A 


y  0 


cli'fl  siiiHiiiil  is  invi'ii'il  villi  ^:ias>*  uml  a  iVw  liii-lirs.  At  iIm- liiiii' nf  llii-lusi  li\(iiti;.M;i|ilii, 
\\s','t  the  siiiniiiil  w.!--  111,11  kill  l'\  .m  ulij,  inoljis-.  woixini  lint.*  Il  liiis  licni  |iim|i4)si'(|  in  I 
liiirlmr  lij:lit  on  tin-.  i>li  i.  Srvn. il  .sin. ill  iiiil>s  Ii..  In  iwrrn  llif  pi'inl  ,inil  lliis  isli  t,  i|jn|h' 
sitiiiulil  111  ••  liKi'  a  Miles  (iC  j;i;;,inli<'   slriiiiiii;:  sliiiics  iiiiil   rmnrnu  :i    iniilrclinn  fiir  iIm>  Im 

ii|i|>ai'atn>     1°  llir  w  li..'i  nit'ii  \n  ho  .in'  lor  ilcil  uii  1 1 \tii'ini'  iiiil  of  tiir  |ioiiit  ami  w  Im  In  < 

run  tlx'ir  Imals  out  ami  in  I>i-Mm  in   tin  -••   im  U^  iiisti  ;i)|    ol   |>iillin;;   iniiiltl  tin-  l^lrl  m   nil. 


Wli.ilii'  l>l.iinl  liii'altrr>  m.ikc  out  to  two  loti 


low,  II  II  low   lorl>->  \«  lilrll  I  if  ,si'\  ili  liiiliillril 


\  aiils  Miiilli  sivtv  ill  ;;iri  >  1  ast    S.tii'     |'.,i   rioin  llii'point  ,ini|  wlinli   an-  allllo^|   roii^taiill 


o\  I  r 


l.\   t' 


Tlii 


loi  ,ill\    I, I'liw  n  .IS  'I h/    /,' 


Th 


lioat  I 


•a.ssa^'is 


licl- 


lies  atiollirr   Iim  k\   JKltt  in-ailv  oiir  liiiiiili 


I'orks  ami  ilii'  isli't.  Ilii'  "  nil  s(  .mil  Kisf  iIom'  to  tin-  nil,  Inii  ,ill  i|.iii;.'i'ioiis  to  sli-,iii;:ii.s.  ( 
till'  in-.iili.  ,.t"  tlir>^«'  ioil,>  till-  rliaii  l.i\  »  ilow  n  tour  to  livt-  tatlioins  ol  walrr.  I'oiii-  lininlii . 
lioitli  of  tin-  point,  ami  rlo^i'   nnilil   llir   sin 

Ion;:  'Hill  liIlN  two  Iri'l  lii;:li.      I'll  I  ^ I  I  III'  liiuliiT  i>li't  otV  till'  point  wi'if  lot  inn  I  \  ra  llnl  II  i    N. 

anil  Soiitli  \\  liali-r  l>'iHk>.      I'lmn  I  lii>  sti.ilii  sliip  wliarl'  tin' oiitri  cliil  of  tin-  iioitli  j-.|i't  \-,  ,, 
till-  illllfl'  rllil  of   tl.i-  s'.lllli   i«li  t. 

Si' II    I. II  is  iHii^jio  I'.iiil  li.lN  roll  H  111  \    till'  I'ol  III  ol  III  r  l.ir;;('t   lialT  ol  all  rllipM'  of  till  ir  lnil> 

ami  .1   li.lil  :    it    |s  luo.nl  npi  n   to  tlir  ^olltll  ami   plotii  liil  on   tin-   Wr<t,  .iml   is  tllrlrtoli'    .1   l: 

tiirr  aiirlioi.i;.'!',      l''iolii  I'oiiit  S.iii  I, ins  tin-  wi'>iiM!i  >lioirol'  llir   !ia\    ii  •(■nipoMcl   cil'  liojil.   i    , 
;;raiiitf  si'i  pciilini' ami  s.iiiilstoiir  I  litis  iiiiiml   !>  ilir   inoiilli  nl   San  l.iiis  Oll|^pcl  t 'km  K.      1 1  . 
of  this  .slioff  i «  lii^i|>i  II  li\  .M'M'i.il  ;;iilrlir~.  lint  1  lu' oi  imip.il  l>;rak  taKis  pi  no  at    tlir  nn  i,    m 


ii'.s  not  I  li  Mill 


tliiMNt   iNNi; 


•  1  a   li.ilf  ti 


•II  \\  hatir   l>laiiil.     'Ilio  liin-  of  rlitl- 


liioililiril    1>\    till-   riit'*   for   loi'.iliii;,'    tin-   railioail    iiniiii'ifi.itilv  on  tlirii  faio    lioiii    tlicl'oil  II      '    <| 
w  hat  I'  to  till'  month  of  I  hi'  III  I  K.      riom  I'liim  S.iii  I  in     t  lir  I  n  ml  i>t  tin-  sin  in-  uf  tlio  I  >.i\    i 


i\  Wist  oiii'  ha 


half  wi'M     N,  l.v  \V.  \  W.I 


III' om>  null-    thru   iiottlirast  ii\  ra 


.1    NK.  I.\   K  )l. 


ipiai'tri  s  of  a  mill'  to  thr  rii'ik.  whinri-  it  a.ssiiiiii  .s  a  ;:iiirial  castrilv  iliii'cliiiii    lot    two  i>i 
iiiili'>,  tii'mlii.^r  liowi'Vii'  to  till'  soiiili  w  ,11(1. 

'I'lii-  l\(ist  /'I'Mir  of  S.iii  I.iiis  <  Muspo    \\a\    lii's  ninth   i'it;hts-two  l!l•^|'l■<■s  fast    ,N.,'s'_'     j 
iiiilfs  lioiii  Whali'i' l-hiiiil.      It   i>  .1  low  lilnll   |  oiiit  of  tliiits  to  I'oitv   fiit   f  lf\  aiioii.  \ulli   i; 
lifi^hf  lirhiml  it  lor  om-  i)iiaiti'i  of  a  imli'.  tlii-ii  i!m  s  i.ipiill\  to  a  sci  iili  rovi'inl  hill  ni'.ii  1\  nr 
ill  I'll  fi'i't  ln;,'li.     <  >tV  this  |ioiiil  jlf  oiii-  or  two  loi-ks  hf  ifaftiT  iiii'lit  loiinl.      l''.isl  of  I  ho  iiioiil  K 
San  laiis  (  Mii.sjMi  ('rcik,  thf  .slioif  liiif  is  low  ami  .sai'il_\    li.nkril  li\   iii.irsli    lor  a  i|ii.iitt'rof  .i  i 
till-  colliriicin  of  l>iiililiii;;s  foi  iiiiii;;  tlir  tow  n  ol'  .1  'i7i(,  liom  w  huh  tlif  "  I'fiiplf's  Wharf"  w  .i- 
iiiil,  lint  h.is  si  111  I'  lii'i'ii  «  a  sill  (1  aw  a.\ .      I'!ast  w  anl  of  .\  \  ila  llio  .shoif  Iim-  is  imk  y  ami   M 
iiiilf  rastwaid  of  S.iii  l.iii.s  ( >liispii  ('iff  k  isa  Nli;;htl>  .jnltint'.  mrkv   point,  lifhiml  whirh  i^ 
on  the  wi'st  .shori'  of  w  Ini  h  is  a  wh.iif  ami  wanlioiisf  known  :is  .1/<i/,'<i(/A.»  l.iiii<liiiii.  luit   no 
alialiiloiii'il  as  siirh.      Tin  liri' to  tin- last  soiithi'ast  tow  aiils  I'.a.st  I'oiiit  thf  roast  line  is  lion 
Miassi-s  of  ki  Ip  t'Ntrmliii;,'  to,  .imi  .n  pali  Ins  1,1- \  uml.  iIh'  II  M'  ami  a  h.ilf  tatliom  liin'.  ami  in 
j:froi|s  liy  SIS  rial  loiks. 

Tlir  //(/'/n'(/r((/i/(i/ of  Js.iii  '  .iii>  <  )tiispn  Hay  ami  th  •  iiiimiili.ili' ap|iioai'lirs  show  s  that  a 
fai'f  of  ihf  Monti'  ili'l   llnihoii  cist  a  ,iiil  ol'  tin'  I'lriio  lonk  tlir  t  w  i'iit\  f,ii  hoiii  lini'  of  soiin 


ill'      I'  tj 


ihoilt  two  iiiiii'S  lloiii  till'  .slioii 


III  ilir  lia\  till'  ilr pill  r,iiiui's  liiiiii  ti'ii  1,1 1 hums  on  tin 


its  I  if  till'  hay  to  tini'f  faihoins  within  Ir-s  than  mii'  ipi.irtir  nt  a  iiuh'  fioiii  tin-  s  hoi  o.  w  illi 
I'l'ptloa  of  Ihi'  il,ili;:irs  in  ihrp  w  .ili  i .  Ali]i|iiaih.  il  tii'iii  till'  Miiithiasl,  thi'  t\M'lil\  lathe; 
lif.'<  tliiri'  mill's  soiithcas'waiii  <rom  \\  hah  i  isl.iiul,  .mil  a.s  tar  lioiii  Ihf  inu  111  fastriii  .sin 
tlif  Wfst  waul  of  I'oiiil  San  I, ins  Iho  Miiimliiij^s  imluatt'  imky  I'ottoin.  w  it  h  maisi' j^i  avi'l. 
sliflls,  Ivaiiiaflfs,  111'  .  I'spfi'l.illy  in  tlif  \  iriiiity  ^<\'  tiio  S.nita  l.'n-.i  I.oil;^!-  ami  tlic  \\  rstij.il 
To  thf  fast  W'.iril  of  till'  mi'tiilian  of  thr  point  thf  .lottoin  rli,in;;is  to  liiif  ;;iaM'l.  s.iml,  aim 
iiiiiil       i:.ist  of  till'  ii'i'f  olf  Whalri   jsl.iml  thf  liottotii  IS  nii'ky  to  tfii  fithoms  ilipth. 

tUiniji  IS. —  Tin-  know  II  il.iii;,'i'is  in  llii'ai  jiioai  Ill's  II.  ill.-  li.i\,  ami  w  iiliiii  thf  has ,  a  if  a>  I 

IN   nil,   \ri'i:n\('iiK.s. 

Till    I'lihti  /.'(>(/,    Is  .111  Is!,  t  ol  fiiiiMiliralili'  si/f.  if.ill\  iiiiiiposiil  ut'  oiif   l.ii;;f  ,iiiil  tw, 
riH'ks.  lisiii'.'  thiity  (till-  fi  •'  alioN  i-  ihf  waif  i.      Il  Ins  ,  Im  i   ami  oiif  ,si\ili  imlfs  to  tin-  wi  sU*  ^ 


I'oiiit  San  I, Ills,  aiii,  j.alf  a   li 


itl    '.hf   III  .iiisl  .shoii  .      Siiiilh  M'\  f  iit\  >ix  ilf  ;;iii'S  f  ,ist 


fi;.'lit    hiimlri'il    \,iiilslioia  it  !iis  .i  mh.iII    imk    just    aw,isli    .it    lii;;h  tulf;   ami    ln'ith    m'M 


TliM  lull  wu...  nlill  s|;iinlii,^  III  !--.'i 


i\\>\\ ;i\H 

<l   til  1.        1.   . 

Il^l"'               \ 

III-    lin 

in  I'll'ii  ;,  ii;]; 

1  l>l>  1'            1  *  t    >n 

lll'cl   .11     

.t.llitU          .;, 

I'l«lr.        ;„   . 

1  >.       t      .     ,    .  t 

llnllril       111; 

llillnl    v.ii.l 

Vl\  III.    \.  ■■ 

ll't     is    ,, 

null  -   ■ 

a  K"<"'- 

liulil.        , 

■  \        1 

U  .          11 

rri'rl,    .'  ; 

rlilN    .      ■     » 

I'lilt  II      '    ' 

li.i\    1-  ■ 

1'     ,   f,u    •      •    . 

1 .   1  r"i        : '  * 
I  \\  1 1  « ■ : 

S'J      1 

\Mlll     11 

iri.\  111;  ■ 

IIIMlllli 

I'llllil'             * 

rl"  «,is  :. 

1      \.\V.\'          M 

it'll     |s 

If      Ill.'l 

•     llMl,!. 

till    Ih  .> 

ha!   .!'■ 

SlllUI 

II , 

VMlh 

t'atliHi 

1.    si,,;.        ! 

1  a  V 1  ' 

sl.Lili      . 

1.  ami 

1              I 

1  :  i 

:;  ^'^^1 

1 

\ 

ll 

i 

wmmmmm 


'>^\--^ 


''^■^■'    ■••■»'■  »-»''inrW;'«-t    -^v-    ., 


'^  jr  , 


3w . .    ■  -  •*• «.«  >  ■"  n-^ '  >r.T    "^'^' 


Moiiti-  ili-l  Hiic-luiii. 


I'oiiit  Ilui'hou. 


Lion  Rock,  IIV!  feet,  SK.  by  E.  \  E,,  distant  8  miles. 


.'-r^* 


\  ^' ""  i 


,>*^' 


■•^.Jr:x-•:i 


i'oiiii  Hniliiiii.  '!ulr.iii   I  null 


4  1        "iT" 


I    ^ 


-^ 


:...-jggr^:''j;-g"''i^-i:-*-v  y  '■.T:r:Ji 


MMtKp  ili-i  liiM  limi 


Lion  Rock,  U2  feet. 
SE.  by  E.  \  E.,  diaUnt  3i  miles. 


ttf 


'^^■■;.. . .     f .(    t-    ->;  <r, 


V 


W^-^Z'J/.f^j^^^"'-  "^^m. 


I.l.'f    Wii.l<.    I  IV  lilt,    .ll!.lili,t   'Ji  llrlli.H. 


M ■•      del  Hcicliciii. 


I'eclio  Koi  k,  ;il  feet, 
E.  Ii.v  8..di8Uiit  (>  miles. 


■"*    '■  « 

»-  1 

1 1^ 

I 

] 

i 

!•    .  nUP 


•'',: 

"lll-l.l 

T!ir  >, 

/■-  .';. 

N- 

■  I'.';;- 

I    Ki,  I,   Inl 

•■'    ''I'.   Ul, 
'     Mil 

■ :u  lioii 

I  <i  .[\  11 
'i»:ils  n. II  111, 
Tl,,.  1,1, 
l""r  iiliiiillr 

n""i  .1  ii.iir 

I'l.llnl    It    1,1 

')» 111-  ^1  111 

I'I'.II  .   S.   Jll 


rAciric  <MAsr  in.or. 


101) 


(l,.^)!!'-;  (■;i'<t  (N.  72''  E.),  (listMiil  sis  Imiitlrt'd  \anN,  lies  MiiHtlicr  small  ruck  a  Tew  feet  aliovc  wattT. 
liii  •(  iniKs,  as  \M'll  as  111!'  I'lclii'  luick.  !ra\c  lioiii  six  In  scvin  Ciilimns  dt'  wali'i'  iiiiiiicdiatcly 
i;niiiii!  tiii'iii ;  liiit  lift  wren,  aiiil  uislimi' of  Iliriii,  arc  siSfiai  mckv  patflics,  iiiarkiMl  hv  scattered 
l.i'!p,  iia\iii^  li'oiii  ten  tn  liriccn  (cet  of  walci  ii|i(iii  llicin. 

\\  licii  a  vessel  is  ii  mile  cast  ward  nf  llic  rccim  ilocU  it  slimv  s  iindci-  ilie  |pyiamid  hillock,  and 
llicM  till    I.inli  li'ucK  slmvs  s  as  the  iiiilei  iiin-.|  of  tlui'e  w  hitisli  lucks  close  iilnicr  t lie  slaire. 

Iliplii  the  I'ecliii  lliick  In  the  \\lii>lliii;,'  UiinN  the  ciiiiisc  is  west  liy  south  half  soul  h  !  W. 
liv  S.  ',  S. ,  loiif  and  a  i|iiaite!  miles  in  IVom  ten  to  sc\en  I'allioms  of  water,  and  pissiii;;  inside 
;!;.■  .->iii!a  l.'osa  l,e(lj.'e. 

/■/.  S'liilti  h'tixii  /.ri/(/c.— This  daii;,'ei-  has  Imt  ei;;litcen  I'eet  upon  it,  and  lies  half  a  n.ile  nortli- 
,\r-l  .  ,c  i|iiaiti'r  iioith  (  NW.  I  N  )  IVom  I  lie  W'cstd.ihl  I  luck,  whcie  the  hiiov  is  placed.  It  is  one 
.iiiil  two  t  hi  ids  miles  soil  ill  si\t.\  ci;;lil  dc;;  recs  w  ol  S.  (IS  \\  .  i  li  oin  \\  lialci  Islaiid,  and  I  wo  miles 
Milllli  litty  nine  tle^ices  east  (S.  .'ill  i'..  Iiom  the  I'ci  ho  l.'ock  ;  it  lies  ncailv  nic  mile  liioail  oil' 
^hiiii.  Theie  is  dan;;eroiis  ^'I'olllid  in  its  \  icinily  lor  om  liii  h  nf  a  inile  u  il  h  oiil\  I'oiii  rathoms. 
It  (.ii.iks  lieie  ill   heavy  weather  and    the  locality  is  mai'ked   liy  a  li  u   stiiii;;^ot'  scattered   kelp. 

!•  - ill  weather  the  lioilini;  of  the  water  will  iinlicate  its  presenci-. 

Wiyiihilil  1,'iitl,  tiiiil  lluni/. — This  is  :i  Mnikcii.  iso' ii  cil .  1  ia_\  oiici  I'ock  lia  \  i  ii;;  liiit  ei,Lilitcen 
ill  I  cl  v^ater  upon  it.  It  lies  one  and  six  tent  lis  miles  south  forty  seven  ile;,'iees  west  iS.  17  "  W'.j 
iiMiii  \\  lialcr  I>l.iiid,  and  south  lift\fonr  deuicis  (a>t  iS..">l  I'.. i  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the 
I'.rli'i  1,'iirk.  It  Is  iic.iilv  one  and  a  ipi.irtci  miles  oiV  the  noitlicin  and  laMicst  shore.  It  has 
I  .'>  {ii  ii  ol'  from  se\  t'li  and  a  h.ilf  to  fonrlceii  f.ithoins  of  water  close  a  roll  in  1  il.  and  is  not  marked 
1  ;ii  ,i; :\  kel|(.  The  sea  --eldom  lireaks  upon  it  e\eii  in  heavy  we.ither,  and  it  must  he  a  shai'ii- 
li  .infill  lock. 

I'liiaik  this  daii;:cr  ilie  I,i.:ht  House   r.oird   has     l.KSli  placeit  .i  lirsldiiss  iiiiii  Inmi/^  iinintnl 

uid  niimliercd  1.  one  hundred   and  seventy  ti\e  \aids  southwest    by  south    iSW.  liy  S  )  Iroin 

In,  k  III  t  w  cl\  c  .Hid  ,1  li.ilt   I.ithoiiis  o|'  w  .ltd  o\  cr  lockv   liottom,      I'l  oiii  \\  li.ihi  l>Liiid  il  hears 

■•■111    torl\   seven    de;^reis  West   (."s.    IT      W.  .i|l>tant    one    and    li\  eel;;l.tlis    miles.       It    liillst   he  left 

■  Mil'  poll    h.indwhcii  a  sessel   is  num^t  south,  and  on   the  st.irlioi'id   hand   when   --lie  is   noini; 

I'loiii  i  hi-,  liiioy   the  W  hi^l  liiiu  lliioN   luaisN.^I      I '..  di>lanl  I  u  o  miles. 

1  1  1  lie  .ilisciiic  111    tciiipoi.iry  deraii^'ciuciit  ot'  this  liiios ,  w  Inch  al.-o  sci  \  is  as  a  mark  to  avoid 

'til.l    Uos.i    l.cil-e,    a    \cssel     comill;:    fl'ilii    the    nol  I  li  w  est  w  aid    liia\    ch.ii    llicse   d,lli_eis    liy 

;      J  the  l.ioii  1,'ock.  whiih  lies  liituci  11   roiiii   lliichoii  .iiid  I'mnt  .'>.iii  l.iiis  and   almiit  .>i\  miles 

11  ;lic  1, lilt  I,  open  one  diameter  liom  the  point  of  l.md   sliowin^'  I'.iilhcsi  loHic  \\cslw.iii|. 

■    1II--I    \>lill|sli,  rocky   lillllV  iMst   ol'    A\ll.l    opens    to    the   cislw.lldd    \\  h.ilcl     Isl.iiid,  \\llcli 

HI-  liiitisc  iii.i\   lie  chau;;etl  to  clear  the  leel' otf  I'oiiit  Sail    I. ins.      In  clear  w catlicr  t he  c.iptains 
i^iir  1  M.I:.!  iiiL'  siMiMcis  "I'lic  la  1 1 V  I  HI' fcr  t  o  run   inside  these  !cd::cs  ^md  almiir  one  ouartcr  of  a 


'iitsiih 


1  hi'  \  I  slide  loi  I,  s,   w  hcle  ,i  niilf.'l  III  ilepi  h  of   I 


loin  seven  to  leli   t'lllioiiis  m.iv    lie  had. 


.southern  ed;^e  ot'  the   I, ion   Hock  on   wilh    !  lie  liol  I  lielli  cil-e  ol    l!i 
iile  r.iiiLic  for  iniinin^  Inside  ol'  these  ilaiiL:cis. 


eclio     Ui 


Ilk     lllllllslle: 


.'.'.!'■  oil    \\  h.iler  Island  h.is  alicidy 
.'■  Ins.) 


dcsci  iliid 


III  ;,'iv  111-  the  ijesci  ip 


I, on  of  ih.it  islet- 


1:^ 


1.  ( 


n  \Ni.i;i;  -;  i\    t  in:   ii  vv    wn  inuv. 


Ili'irill    li'iirk. — This   IS   .1    sunken   lock    with 


liiilllcell    leet    Upon 


II.        Il 


north 


.  ell  ile;jrees  e.l 


•  t  iN. 


ne.illv    one    .ilid    I  lilee  el;;lil  lis    miles    Horn    Wli.ilei     Isl.iinl, 


I'  l"le  st.inds 


w  ell  out    tow  .lids  t  lie   I 


iililille  I 


i|    Hie   li.iv. 


Tills  d.lli^cl    IS    111. irk 


liv   a  Imiii 


Inch,  hoWeV  el .  Iicipielil  U    w  a  slies  .1  w  .|  V    dlllili;;    heavv    winter   sloll 


It    ll.lS  llolll  eiuhl 


illioiiw  iiiimedi.ilelv   aioniid    it,  and    is  cspeci.illy   d.iu;;cious   |i»  vessels   ,i|iproacliinn   the 


liar;  liiim  ilii 


iiilliM  .ml. 


ivoid  this  d.in;;«  r  knp  I'echo   Kock  open  wiili    I'oiiit   .Saii    i.iiis  iiniil   the  town  of  .\vila 


'I  III.  I  hen  steer  for  the  w  harf  or  aiichoi  .iL;e. 


iiiilli  'I    II  il  'iiiil    itiniihi  /■>  il  'J, 
Il    11 


'    I  i.:lil  jjoiise  I'.oaid  li.is  (  |ss  I  ,  pl.o  ill  a  >M<i/ii/ ( /iivv  <  iiii  liimii,  / 

died  vaids  south  southwest  ^S.SW.itiom   the  lock  I aik   this  d.in^ti.  Il    lies  in    nun 

li.ilf  lathoms  of  water  ovir  :t  lioitoin   of   .sand,   luokeii  shells,  and   mud.  i'loin    Whaler 

"  lieais  e  :st  h.ilf  iioilli  I  I",.  A  N.),  disl.int   one  and    t  litcc  si\|i  cut  lis   miles,  li    nnist  he  left 


II  lioaid  h.iiid  w  hen  a  v  i 


is    entering  t  he 


|- 


this   Iniov   the   W  histliii:;  Ihio.v 


■'■'i^>.  Jil    \V,,  di.slaiil 


ml  one  iiiiU', 


>       i 


li  \: 


?■• 


110  rAciiic  roAsi    rii.or. 

.1   Miiihrn  ruck,  willi  m'\  I'litcfii  Icrt  ol' «  .ilii  mi  il.  Its  niic  iiiilr  iimtli  I  "ciityniin' (|cl;ii 

(N.  •_';•   r:.'  ri.im  w 

liiiiiil  li  (il    llic  (  iccU. 


CM,| 


l.llfl 


I- 


Ililrc  iMuhllis  ul'  .1    null'   nil    llir   iniiiit  lotlic   wcstvv.ii 


it    li.i>   llniii    live  III    liM'    .iiiil   .1    liair  r.illiiiiiis   iiiiiiii'iliatt'lv    aiiiiiiiil 


II 


i:n  kill  li\  a  liiliii  li  ft'  Kcl 


Arilii    A'...  A. 


I'- 

■\  c  II  111  I  ali'H  I'  \^ . 


(Ill  aiiil  mil'  ijiia!  Irr  nl'  a  iiiili-  nil   llir  >liiiir.  lies  ii>ii  lli  ii 


(li'j,M('i's  fast  ,N..".l     I',.  ,  »li>laiit   niir  ami    li\  c  ii;:lillr.   iiiilcs   iVom    W'lialrr    Islaml.     'l"x\iiin  li 
patcliis  \\  itli  lit'trtii  li'i  I  111'  wall'!'  Iii'  iii^t  hiiIshIc  this  lock  in  llir  kelp,  l>i'ariii;;  suiitjiwoi  \\\ 
(SW.l 


II  \    t  Hit 


ri'c 

•Klllll 


i\   >.  i.  ih>laiii  iiiir  liiiii 


liiil  aiiil  >;\1  \   \  aiil-.  I'liiiii  il. 


Tliis  link  \sas  Ini  iiii'l  l\   kiio"  11  .IS  I'.laik  ur  Siiiikiii  Slii|)  Uuik  rroiii  its  Ion;;,  low,  iiai  inu  .   .  j,  i^ 
a|iinMiaiii  I-,  uitli  (MH- ciiil  slaiiiliii;,'  liiulnr  uiit  nf  Ilic  wati,'!'  liko  tlu'  how  iit'  a  wn-i'kril  \r.>>i' 

W'liitf  /,'(!( /,.  tliiit.s   \arils  III  (Aleut  ami  mMi'im  Ircl  almxi'  «ati'r.  lii's  imitli  si\l\  iiim- di  .;ti'i» 
cast    N.  till  '  I'..  I.  two  a  I II I  mil'  liflli  nnli's  I'luin  W'li.ilcr  Ulainl.      It  lias  i'im'  ainl  si\  I'al  liiiiii>  ui   v\.,ii  i 
cliiM'  iiiiilcr  its  siHiili  .>iili'.  lull  Mv  II  al  ii.rk  \   pati'liis,  w  iili  aiul  w  itliuiil    krip.  lit-  liuiii  muiiIi  ~..iii| 
fast  til  siiiiiliwrsi  (SSI\.  Ill  SW,    1111111  tliis  lork  anil  « itluii  (uif-liair  iiiilr  ut'  il,  iiaxiii;;  liiiiii  'lii.-i 
:ui<l  a  ipiaitrr  to  tmir  ami  tliirc  ipiailris  t'atliniiis  nt"  waliT  iipiiii  tliciii. 


/;,»./  /,•..,/.. 


•\  rli  II  rl   aliiiv  i'  u  a 


trr,  !ir>  iimili  i'i;,'lilv  sc\cii  ilc^ii'i's  cast  iN.  sT     I!.),  il 


a  liall'  mill's  t'loiii  W'li.ili  i 


aini 


ami  hair  a  mill'  rnim  tlif  sliuii'  ulV  i!ast    ruinl.      il  Im>  Iim    ,i 


ii>i 


tall 


nuns  liiiNi'  aimi 


ml  It. 


On  llu'  lir>l  (iiavi  Siirviv  rliail>  ll  «as   l.innMi  as  Seal  Kmk. 

.1     •.,..'.:      I'll/.,  \Nilli  twflvi-  ii-it  111"  w  alcr  iipiiii  ll,  liisMiiiIli  si\t\  I'liiif  <lcj,'r«'<'S  cast    S.iil     I. 
twii  lliiiiN  nt'  a  iiiilf  tniln  I'aiil   Kmk.  of  sipiilli  t  l;;lit\  scxtn  ilcuK'rs  last  i  S.  S7     ]',.],  fiiiii  .ihl  ni 
tillll  mill-.  I'lrai   \\  li.ilil    I  >1. 1 1 II  I.  . I  ml  IIhit  ipl.irtrls  of  .l   milr  oil'  tlu'  sliolr.      This  il.lli;_'i'r  slioiil.l 
fspci'iallv   ,ii.irilril  a^;.ii!i-i  in  .i)ipiii.irhiii;i  lln'  I'lsiim  l,.imliiiL,'. 

SAII.lNi.    I>li;r.('T|iiNS. 


!   i 


III  makiiiL.' San  l.uis  ( ilii-pn  |',a\  liom  tlic  iioilli west,  with  the  .siiiniin'r  wimis.  M's.>i'1>  -ii. 
i:'\\v  i'oiiit  S.I  1 1  l.iii>  a  I  HI  ill  of  hall' a  niih'.  imssiii;;  ilu-  irrl'  imi  r  loser  than  time  liiimlieil  \  lo! 
the  port  haml  in  --iv  in  mmii  t.illmiiis  nl' w  atil',  as  a  -.iitikeli  lork  \\itli  sixteen  I'eel  nii  I 
one  liiimlteil  ami  thll  t>  \  al  il-^  solilli  >oiil|ie.i>t  (.SSIv)  I'lolli  it.  .\  Iter  ]  I.I -■■-ill;.'  t  he  lee  I',  ll'  Imiii. 
the  I  l.li  loiil  "  hail',  haul  close  (wi  the  w  Jml  ami,  it'  iieccss.ii  \ ,  make  .i  sliorl  lack  so  as  to  aiiili  ' 
enoii;:li  to  the  u  li.irl'  to  I  nil  a  line  tii  it.  In  winter,  am  Imr  t.ir  eiioti^li  out  to  clear  the  !• 
soutlieaslel  sliiillhl  spun;;  lip.  ll  e,iii;:lil.  m't  dose  llliiler  the  laliil  lie.il  tile  Niillh  W  hah  I  I.  . 
v\<f\\  h 

'n 


elc  sn;.'j.'e 


•^teil. 


'a^Iili;;  sle.imii^  IiohihI  soiilliu  ,iiil    iii  ihiik.  lo''.'\   wciilliei 


lr\   to  make  tin-   I  ami   i;  •'  k 


ami  tin  11  the   I'l  iho   Kiiek.  il'  pl.ictlealiie;    ll  thi\   ilo  not  sec  tlielll  tll(\V  nill  tllcir  courses  ainl  '.'■■i' 
to  t'eiih  I  he  I. "11,  IHiu  I,  /,'(../,,  one  tilth  of  a   mile  lioin  t  he  clill,  ;iiiil  a  little  over  Ihice  iiii.ii  ti  i  -  "I 


mile  \»"--t   li\    siiillh     \\  .  Ii\    S   ,  lloiii    Whaler 


i!.     Tills  small  imk   Iii-n  in  si\   I. it 


iiiiii> III  «  ihr. 


ami  I'mm  it   the  \cvsels  Inilmv   the  onllilie  III  the  point   ami  reef  in  seven  ami  ci;:ht  l.ltlioliis  nt  u.lti' 
1 11  tile  Inoaii  lii;;lit  o|  iIun  lia,\ ,  t  oaslcrs  from  the  -oiilhw  anl  ilill  in;,'  siimmei  w  imi-'  cm  »•  ;'■  ^'^ 
III  the  anilioiaL:e  in  compaial  i\  el\  Miioolli  water,  e.ii  i  \  in;:  leti  I  at  hi  mis  of  «  ;ilci  one  ami  .i  h 
oil  .^hoic  ami  three  tal  hoiiis  u  nliiii  a  ipi.ii  ter  ot  a  mile  of  the  lie.ii'h.      It    is  ail\  i.'-.ililc,  Ii.om 
keep  lint  ••11  Ic  of  t|i|.  Iini.  Ill  kelp  ,iml  the  Miinitv  of  the  sllllkcn  loek--  ile>c!ilui|  ;iliii\  e. 

.1  ii(hiiriuji    ill    11  i;l/f  I  .—  III  e  lia\    I-  .111  open  lo.nlste.lll,  evpn.seil   to  the  sontlieril  ;;ale>  of  Wi'llil 

ami  <\  ell  iliii  in;»'  hc.iv  \  mirth  u  c-.t  «  eat  he  i  a  li.nl  l.iiei.i!  swell  roll>  111,  ll  iiileiin;,'  il  an  nm  ■ 

lilc  anchoia.'c.      lint  close  nmlei  I'mnt  ,Saii  laiisti nti\  in;;  rociis  ami  icit  liri;ik  tin- soiilh 

s\mII.  ami  the  lii;.'li  I.iihI  ajipi  ai  ^  to  pic  \  cut  t  In-  «  iiitei  u  i  mis  I  rum  lilou  in;,'  home,  lieean-r  I 
stcanii  I  >  li;i\  c  there  I. ml  out  licaxv  sonthc.i'-t  ;,'alcs.  Fortius  piii|iii..c  a  \cssel  slnnilil  run 
niiiler  the  laml  iioitii  of  the  point  ami  anelioi  in  fiom  three  ami  .>  Ii.ili  to  four  fatli<>iiis  walei  > 
hiick.V  III  ml,  with  the  on  III  loiks  of  the  reel  liiaiin;,'  '•oath  southeast  ,.SSl%.),  I  lie  e.i.--tei  ii  ' 
Wii.iler  Island  iicarin;:  --iiiiili  thrcc-iiiKirtcis  VMst  (S,  ]  W  .i,  ami  the  inidillc  ol  the  inta  i,  <• 
W'iialer,  lock  licaiiii;:  soiiihwot  (.SW.).  distant  three  liiiniliiil  >  anls  ;  this  latt' i  is  the  iicm 
Vi'sseis  have  ilitlicllltv  in  (.'cttili;,' their  ailelioi>.  The  old  hide  droghers  ll.scil  llil.s  ailcliora;4e 
l.sili.  I.aiMliii;;  was  Innnerlv  eneeted  in  tin-  month  of  thecreck,  lint  frei;;lil  .'11111  i>as.seiitrcr.s.i 
transferred  to  the  wliaif  wiieie  \cssel.s  inoor  alont'sidc. 

(Is.sT)  tiieoiil\,  lamliiij,'  ill  San  Litis  Oliispo 


ilm. 

■  ll"'* 


I'inl  Hiiilni  il.—'\']\r  Wc-lel  niiiosl,  and 


lix'iillv  calli'd    II. irloid  Wharf  "1  Port    Harford,  and  ins  I  wo  tiiirds  of  ;i   iiiile  iiciriv  north     'i! 


I'ACll'IC    (i)Asr    I'lhol. 


Ill 


I.  .■! 


NNW.llroin  \N'li;ilt'r  Islnml.      Ft  ]>riijt'cl.s  six  liiiiidn  d  ,v:imIs  in  ii  vontlipiisf  (lircctiiiM  from  the, 
111' >liiii(',  ;iii<l  lias  a  (ir|illi  nt'  Iwriiiy   t'ccl    of  wiitcr  ;it    ils  cxI rcrtiity.      It  is  liiiilt  in  a  Niih- 
niiiiiiicr,  anil  vrsscls  li(<|iiriit  l\  iii'  iiiiMircil  nii  il.s  inner  or  wistt'i  ri  siiio  tliiriny;  NoiilliCiiHt 
Tlicn'  i-i  a  l.ir;,'!'  warclidiiM'  al  llic  diilii  cml  ami  aiini  lnr  aliuiii  lialfway  in  its  lcii;,'tli.     In 
asons  till!  (■  111'  I'lmr  steamers  and  t «<>  (ir  tliice  seliiMiiiiis  mi'  lieie  Inailiiin  and  discliai';;iii}^ 


>ami>  tiiiii 


Tl 


leie  is   a    si  Kill;;    niidei  lnu 


at    the  what  I,  v\  liicli    makes   the  hcrtli  of  Vfssels 


.;    . .  and  at  n  i;;  lit,  or  « lien  luadin;;  ur   di-cliai  ;:in;;  is  not  eai  lied  on,  tliev  t;ene  rally  slack  away 
ill  ilie  wliail'  t\\enl\  or  lliiity  I'eet  and  l;aiil  <iiit    tdwaids  tlie  Ineast  tnooiinj,'s  wliieli  lii;  otV  it. 

l'ii'i;;ht  ami  iiasscnjieis  aie  tiansteiicd  diii(il.\  Irnm   the  stiMiners  to   tin-  cars  ol  ;i  uarrow- 
!_••  railroad  which  winds  alon;;  nnder  the  laces  u\'  the   hi^h  white  ciilTs  to  the  San  I-nis  Creek, 
;  .  r  lhriMi;;h  the  valley  of  the  (leek  to   San    laiis  Oliispo  and  continiiiii;;  for  thiity  miles  to  the 
'.i>I\said  lhion;;h  the  Santa  Maria  N'alley. 


IM'.I.r.    inOV    (>1  I'    IMIIM'   .SAN    l.fis. 


I<>. till  ill   tindiii;,' and  enterin;,'    the  liay  in   thick    and    l'ii;;;;y  weather  tlicie  has  lieeii  pUuietl  a 
'",//  in  loiirteen    tallnims   ol'  water  at    a   distance   ot' one  and   iinelUlli    miles  sdutlieast  from 

••I  Nland  and  diie  and  tiiree  lifili^  miles  .sdiithea>t  liy  s<inth  (Sii.  liy  S.j  neatly  from  tlie  eiul  of 

II  iildrd  NVharf  I ISSO).      It  is  sdimded  In   the  actidti  dl   the  sea. 

I  loin    this   liiidv  \\'lialer     Island,  dif    I'dint    San    laiis.   liears    iiditli    foitvlbnr  dojjrees   west 


W.iiine  and   one  lilih  inlles  ;    llaildid  Wliaif,  ninth   tliii  tv  three  deL:i( 


^t  (N.;i;P  \\.) 


■  i:  I  tliiec  tiflhs  miles,  passiii:.'  lud  Imiidrcd  .mil  lirtecn  yards  in^iilethe  iccf;  and  I'l't'lio  liO»;k 
1m,i:-  ucst  {>\  iiditii  hair  mil  th  (  W.  I)y  N.  A  N.;,  disl.int  lour  and  a  qiiarter  miles.  The  licarin;;  to 
1: 1  Vmiielld  w  lii>llin;;  Imoy  is  sonlh  IweiityoiR'  dc^jii'cs  cast  (S.  Jl  >  V..]  and  the  distance  thirty- 
l"iii  .i:m1  line  i|iiai'lcr  iiiilcs, 

I  lie  We.stdalil  l.'dck  Inioy  hears  sontli  ei;;hty  tour  de^rrees  west  (S.  SI  W'.i,  distant  twn  miles. 
i;  1    111-  lldwcll  lldck  liimy  ninth  tueiity   dc-iees  east    N.U'o     l\.),  distant  (Mii- mile. 

I  iiini  Point  San  I.nis  the  I'dllnwin;;  Inii  iiii:s  and  distances  are  ;;i\cn  to  iiidinincnt  dlijects: 


r.iiiil  Arnnrllii S. 

I 'i  Pill  I  IliK  liiiii  iimt  iiilirs  isjMi) . .  - 

I'irilia.s  Itliiiii  as  l.inlillioii^r,  I  not  Mill  rvistilili)   

I'liiiit  Siir  J  nut  lull  rvisililr  1 


'.Ij    null' 
l<l  lllilr 


'.III  mill' 


I.nis   (Uiisjii)    I'.iiif,   ,\,iii:ii    liiii  I.,  (iiiil    \\'liistlii(;i   I'.Hinj.  —  'I'his   hiililcn    daii^;(  r  i-- a  discdvcry 


in    Nd\eml>cr,  isss.     DniiiiL;    iiie  snr\i'.\  df  1S7J   a    sea 


fell  « ,is  n 


Inr   II    li,\-  llic   parly 


lit  liy  the  tisherinaii  wlm  rcpditcd  it  Imt  \\liii  failed  to  ieco\er  il. 

It  lies  in  w  .Iter  df  t  went  \  f  il  Ikiihs    w  lure  the  Imltdin  of  sand  ami  Innkcii  si 


lells  rs  \r\\  !(  Liniai 


I'lp   is  sm.ill    in   evlcnt    and    the    sides  rise    \  ei\    slee|ply   tn  williiii  sixteen  feel  df  the  surface. 

•  ilaiinci  h.is  t  wo  he. ids,  lict  ween   which  is  a  depth  of  ten  f.ithiinis  ul'  w  atcr.     'J'ln  \  are  coxcred 

1   .leat  liai  nach's. 

Il  IS  located  li.v  the  follow  iii','  l>earin;;s  and  distances:    I'echo  Kock,  mntliwest  liy  west  .seven- 
■iiswist    (N\V.  Ii\   W.      W.idiNlant  tniir   and   lliiee   <pniitcrs    mil.s;   ri;;lil    taiiuciil   ofto|iol' 


l-l.iiiil.  III  ranuc  v\  i 


iii.irler.s  '-o 


rthiNW.  ;  N.    I 


III    r..lleliill,  ile\in    hnildleil  and    cl;;lil\    I  li  I  ce  feel   cleS  at  mn.  Hint  II  West 
wd  miles;    I'di  t    llailiiiil  Whaif,  iidilliucsi  li\   noil  li  diic  (piartcr 


NW'.liyy.  lN.)t«oanila  half  miles,  and   this  I passes  tanucni   to  the  east   side  of  the 

Il    Whaler  Isl.ind  at  nne  aii<l  li\  c  ei;;lillis  miles;    \Vhite    K'ock  (in  line  willi  leiice  from   lic.ich 


h  \  alley)  scant  mn 


Ih  n.iith.'ast    (NNl-:  )  .i  litt 


le  d\  er  two  and  a  hall'  mile: 


WhistVuiij  Hiiiifi. — This  Inioy  is  iiiimicil  siiiiihucsi  li\ 


lis  distant  fidin  the  .Sdii/a    l.'nck    in   tuiiii\..iii     fithomsdt    w.ilci.      N'cs.sels  cnlci  in-   S.in 


u  est  (."sW.  li\    \\  .)  diie  hundred  and  fortx- 


oinspo  l!ay  from  the  noiihwi'st   are  .uUiscd  toeiilir  li.\  kccpii 


this  Iniov  on  the  siai  hdard 


riiiin  llie  lino\  we  have  the   I'.'lldw  in;;  l.c.iriii,i;s   and  dist.inces  to  hidilcn  ilan;;ers:   Soiilhe.ist 


I  111'  Winder   hlaml   leef  mn  tliwcst    !>>    nuilh    ( 


th    (NW'.liN    N.)   one  ami   tiveei;;htlis    niili 


Ih 


I  lid    lldik.  ciyhlccn    •eel,  west    li\    til    (lie   ipiailcr   mnlli   \ 


Ih   iW.   li\    N.    1    N.    tu 


I   ami    din 


the  Santa     Itosa    Hock,  ei-htt  en    tcct,  Nve-t    noi  I  liu  est ,  scant     ,  \V  N  W  .  Mlistaiil    two 


I  I'll  ei;;hlhs  miles. 


IimIi 


I'o^raphie  examinalidii  < 


.1'  this  li.iN    and    the  aiipinaehes  in    ISTJ  w  as  \  I'ly  llidron;;li, 


ilie    icunhiiilx  df   the    lioildm  w.is   nnii.e.ilile  \Ml  h   a    niuriirnil,\  clean   liolloiiidt    nind.  sa 


nil 


t  •• 


^ 


M-'i'l 


H 


I 


iw  a 


\i,i 


ml 


f  r| 


i 


n 


I! 


il 


112 


•Acinc  coAsr  I'li.tir. 


iiiitl  11111(1,  ;uiil  s.iiiil  ;iiiil  liickiii  slulls  cxci'iii   iii  a  ^pot  iil"nit  t>ii(>  liiiiiilrfil  ami  lilly  _\,iiil 

till'  lock,  wliclc  II    IS  liotril   ••  lii(k\." 


r 


ic  link  IS 


ii.iiiii'il  allt'i  llif  kis|  lislii'i  111,111  \\!i<>  I'iMiiiiI  it. 


A  i'iflmiiii.ii\    cli.iit  111   S.iii    I.iiis  (Mii>|iii    r.a\    w.is   iniUli-lird    liy  tin-  <  ciast   Siir\i'>   in 
,Ui'r  iililii'iis  lia%('   ln'i'ii   |iu1i1is1iim1    in  i'IiiNimit   the   icsiills  nC  I  he   llmiiiii^li   .suiiihIiiim  oiii 


h; 


rof 


W'c   li,i\c  Im'111   iiit'iii  iiifd  I  IVil  1  1  \  ulil   111  li  r  liiiiilcrs  (Ml  t  Ins  cii.isi    ili.u    t  licrc  cmnIs  a 


iMiiit  ciuli'  iiiilcs  sipiilli  siiiilir.vc 


s|  i.-'i.SW.,   limii    I'oiiit  ."-^aii  1,111s.  ami   Imil 


lK( 

it'lliioii'    lli.i:    ;{,, 


li.iil  t.'iiml  l.r!|i  ii|ii>n  II  III  liMir  latlmnis  III  w.itn.  On  the  iilil  .S|>,iiii.s|i  cliails  ,iii  i>l,iiiil  ,i|.|ii.i|. 
kiiil  ilitw  11  ill  that  ilircrlinii.  liiit  ilis|,iii|  almiil  ('i;,'lil  lca;,;iH's.  On  'ri'liciikuir's  cliart  is  pliMij.i 
••  ilmilii  I'll!  1^1. iinl  li  Pill  S|iaiiisli  ell, Ills"  IJIIN  mil'  mill's  soiitli  sj\t;  'iiii' tl»';;r('i's  urst  (.">.  il.i  \\ . 
I'ltit  111  tins  imiiiliaii  I  III' niir  iliiiiisaiiil  lalliiMM  liiu' nt'  .sDiiiiiliii^'  IS  fairly  wfU  lixi'il:  ,imi1  iIm  ,  ^.,; 
IiiiihIu'iI  aii'l  si\l>  i  wn  l.ii  Imiii  muiiuIiii;.' is  unly  sixtrt'ii  null's  tn  ll  miilii\M'si  li\  iiiuili  NW  i,, 
N.)  Ill  tills  p.isitiiia.  Oiii'iif  till'  l',iririi'  M.iil  straiiisliips  l,iy  In  in  a  soiitlirast  ^alr  aii'l  llii  i,  tn_ 
oil  I'liliil  Cum  r|iiiiiii.  ,111(1  ilnriiiii;  In  llii'  iKirl  liwanl  r,imc  iliirvpi'('t«'ill\  iipiin  ,i  simki  n  |,„l, 
ii|iiiii  \Nliiili  till'  SI, I  ».is  lirrakiii;.'  lii',i\ily.  Tin'  I'lniimaiKlci  snppnsril  tin-  xr^xl  in  Ih'  iini  ,.■! 
I'liiiit  Sal.  .i:i(l  li.iil  >(>  |>l(itt(-il  till'  iiM'k  upon  liis  cliart.  liiii  np>>n  lirin;;  inrurniril  ul  ilic  ,i,. ',:>.! 
oNisti-m  r  of  ,1  I",  k  I'll   San  l,ii:s  (Miispn,  In'  \\.i>   sati>t'n'(l  that    lio  liad   Im'cii  iir.ii  it,   Iml    iiii:.ii';i 


natch  Ii.kI 


1...  .^p|...i 


iiiiiiiy  •'!  ilcirrmiiiiii);  liis  pnsilinn. 


'I'll  is  liir.ililN  ilciiiamls  a  ilmiunuli  I'xaiiiiiiatinii,  as  it  is  in  I  lit'  ilirrrl  tiark  nt'  tin-  MrMi.m  ,i 
I'.ia.iina  sicnini  s  I  iiiinin;.'  Ill  ,inil  tiiiiii  S,in  I'Liiiriscn.      Tin'  w  lialiii;:  ritmpan\  at   I'miil    S.iii    l.i 


l.ivc  m'\  IT  ili^riiV  I  red  aii\    s|;^|i' 


III    tills  I'i'pui'iiil   iiick,  ami  ,1   liiirnt'  Miiimliii;;s  inn  |u  || 


pii.'>itiiMi  .-lidu  s  iiti\  MX  I.iiIkiiiis  \\  ,11(1  111  till'  \  iiiiiil.N .      Tins  dipili  is,  Ikiwcmt,  minli  lis>  thui  :i,, 
avrlii^f  .il  til, it  distailii'  oil'  sIhph'. 

'11  ir  ^cM^i  iphic.il  p(  IN  I ;  lull  III'  .s;.iii  l,iii>  II  ill,  tliici'  .luailiis  nt'  a  ill  I  If  imiili  sixty  di'::ii  ■  ■   •  •  - 
(N.  I'lll      \\  .)  Ilnlll   \\  lialiT   Isl.tiid.  Is: 


l.,ililiiiii 

1.1. |i;;il  Mile 


;i.'.        1"      (Ml     II. Hill, 
I'.'H        I..      .t'     «csl 


'I'lii't'oast  and  <icndi'iii'  ."siirvt-v  .srfiiiiil,ii'\  asti(im>inii',il  slalinii  \\,is  mi   I' 


lull 


I'ast  Mill'  111'  till'  sin.dl  li'isli  watt'f  stii'.im  wrsi  nt'  I  hi'  rn'ck,  and  Us  ^'i'n;.'i.i  jihii'.il  pnsilinn 


l.aiaiidi 


:(..         In 


i|i;;iliii!i' I'J 


M     ;;:i       ».-i 


!)r,  111  tiilir 


fi      tl'." 


Tlu' Ilia;.'!!!  til'  \  iii.itinn  was  l."p     J7   i.isi,  ,I,iiiii.ii  y    1,  I  ssr.,  u  ii|,   ,i    \i',iil\    imri'.isi' nf  nii  .rri 
Olir  truth  I'i'i'l. 

TiitiS  — Till'  (_'('!  I  I'd  I'd  r.st.ililisliiiii'iil,  111'  nil  aa  inli'ix  al  lirl  with  Ihr  limi'  nt'  the  immir^  ! ;  ris ; 

ainl  till    '' nl   lii;;li  ".ili'i.  !■<    \     s  .     'I'll,.   Ill, ',111    iivi.   and    I. ill  nt'  lidi-s   m    lincc   .iml   si\  iiiri.' 

I'ci't  ;    nt'    ^piin^    tiih^,    fniir  ,iiiil  ii^lil-lriil  li>  Iccl  ;   ,iiid  nf  iiiMp   lidi-s,  lAii  and   Imii  ii'llllis  !ii : 
Till'  nil  .111  dm. i!  Mil  III    t  hi'  ll,,i.,l  I-,  li    J.",   ,  .iiid  III    the  I'lili  .'»    ."is   .     'I'lii'  a\  rr.i;;i' dilli'li  nci'  lu'lvnn 
till'  ( 'nr;i(  till  Msi.dilisliiiii'iiis  t>\'  tin'  a.  in.  and  p.  in.  lull's  nf  tlir  s.iiiii'  day  i.s  1''  :.'l     I'm  lii;;li  »  >'• 
and  r- "    fnr  Inw  wati'i'.     Tlir  ililli'it'in'cs  w  Inii  ihr   iniinii's  diM'linalinii  is  ;;n'ati'sl  an- 1'    " 


j.S  ,  i(-p(  ('ti\  il\ .     Till' a\  ir.iLii'  d.lli'i 


lii'i'  III  lirl.:lil  III    thi'si'  t\Mi  lldrs  isniir  and  nlii'  li.il 


till'  lii;;h  '.vati'l's,  ail<l  l«i>  fii't  Im  tlir  Inw  w.iIiin.  Wlirii  tin'  innnn's  di'rlimil  inn  is  ;,'li',ili 
dilVi'liln  IS  ,in'  |«n  fi'i't  and  Ihii-i'  and  iim-  triilli  fri't,  irspi'i'tixi'lv ,  Tin'  avi'i,i;^r  dilliirip 
hi;^hii'  lii^h  ,iml  liivM'i  ln\v  u.iii  I  >  III  ilii'  s, 11 11 1' day  is  ti\i'  and  fniii  I  ml  lis  fii't.  and  when  li 
di'ilinaiiiiii  IS  -ii'aii'st,  siv  and  mii' li'iuli   fri't.     'I'lic  lii;r|„.|.  hjjri,  ij,],.  ji,   ||„.   twcnis  !■ 


Ill  Tills  annul   .' 


alti  r  till'  immii  .^  upper  i  i.msii 


<nillliili'j  ,  u  Inn  ihi' innnii's  deelilMl  11 


and  .llinilt   _     ."il      lie  I'll!  I',  w  hell   -nlllll.        I'lll'  InUi  I'  ill    the  |n«    W  alel  s  iieelil  s  al  mil  I   si'M'li  In  ill' 


llii"  liij;lii';   hi;;li  lide.      'I'lii'  ^le.iti'sl   nlisiiM'd   ililVi'iemi'   lull 


II    I  III'  t  W  n    InW    W  all'l- 


was  tnill  reel,  and  the  ;;ri'.ites|  dilVi  reni'c  Itelwecn  llie  lii-liiT  lil^li  ami  the  lower  low    w.lli 
il.iy  was  i'i;;lil  and  llin  e  ii  i.ihs  feet, 

'I'll  lilld  the  nines  111    hi-h  .iilil  InW   Waters,  liist  eiinipllte  tin  111  flnili  Sail   l)lej,'n.  ,111(1  ti 
thus  nlitaini'd  aihl  .;."i    l.n  S,in  l.nis  ( )lii>|ii..     The  heights  are  the  f..iiiii' as  S, in  l>iei,'it. 

Till'  InW  n  III    S, ill    Luis  (Hijspo.  w  hleh    t.ikes    i!>  n.iine    floln    I  he  inisslnn  of  I  h.il   lilin 
iScptclllliei    1.  I  77-.  1-  lint  on  the  1 1,1  \  .    lull    i>  si  In  a  led    ,1 1  unit    I  ell   miles    III    the  lllti'llnr  in   I 


ll.l 


'III  llii'  <  iiillM'  .s;iliilsliili'-  Ih'Iw 

n-uiikiiiH  \M'ti'  iiiiiiiii. 


I'lll   .S.IM    l.llM   Clr.  1,    lili.l   III,.  ;tllli'..i    llr.ir   I  111'     il,il  1  lile  UJIlr.ll     sl.lll"M     i;i 


1  A 


1*' . 


'  vl 


I,'    T       I     L '  S 


ll 


m   if 

'■'S  ill 


^  ihU 


( 


I    t 


ill ; 


1t  f 


If^i!' 


'^!f-hV| 


H 


I    i 

; 

1 

;     '    ^% 

SlfBBS 


-fiiK'"'  — ^<»-. 


.^; 


■■<, 


^ 


^  ■ '- '  ■*■  ''■ 


.•>  ^:v 


■'«, 


it .-  .^  •"^:' 


7     y-r    ■* 


■"  •  4 '  '"»> ' 


-;<•       .'>^.> 


-r^t'-.  -tX-^aWwi- 


r*   'C"«r'- 


I'l.illt    IlUltll 


NW.i  y  N  » 


N  ,  ,li«tiinl  If  I"  ••' 


M,.i>l.'  il.'l  HiH  Im 


|.„...  K.Tk,  ll'.M..t 


^.'^ 


,-(/\<.    Jk 


'-^'^' 


i^"  > 


.^,  v^r. 


i>'-<'  V.'  -;■>•-«' 


.  {T  !  '  y  Y'^"* 


1.1. . I.  H^.k 


.■h..K..k.:'.l  f.-l..l,Kt..ui  IJtn.l.'H. 


Mci.ti-  <I>1  li'uhii! 


W    I  \V     .4  ii;il«"<. 


N\V    I  >  \V    P">        t 


.:i;  .^<^,.ft^^^ 


.^^^'^^r^-^ '/J' >.■«?•""    ■■    -«' 


,    fa  -r 


l.,..i.  li...  1-.  HJ  f'-.l, 
N\\.  ).-  \V.  j\S'  ,.;!mil<' 


K..I  lU.ill 


Ml>ll<<-  <t<'l    lllK'llOII 


Takin  «l..-..  ai...aM  IV.Ii..  i:"<:U,  .!.»li>nt  i  i.nle. 


1 


11 


>l  ( 


Ih.' 

Ill  .    .  ;,!!; 
Ur.i    :l„.  ! 

II ist 

Of   -.;.   I.,. 

;fii.  u  ■>, 

;D|...m   -hv 

[In !  i>v!  r.i, 
(•li'i  I.;.,,',. 


r\('iiic  I  u\si    ni.<i 


111' .1.1  ^'X!t•ll^iV(' mill  I'XCcIIrlit    ;.'ia/lliy   roiiiit  i  \  ,      Ii    1^ 
•'      - cs-*  llitii  MKIII\    lit'  llic  .liljiiri'lll  \;ill(\-.. 


cciiiiiriti'il  uiili   the  |,oi'|  iiv  iiiilroad,  wliii'li 


liav  IS  li.liiii'il  till-   r.llscii.ul.l   l;(ii|lii'  nil  \l/(Miiii)'s  rliait. 

r.nisi  hill   <;'   ,1/../(/i  »/(/  /.•'/./.../I.  — I'll  the  iii.illittcst  of  I  lie  |!ay  of  Sail  laii.s  Oliispo  rises  to  ii 


hi'iulit  of  rl;;lil(M'ii  liiiii'lriil  and   lliiil>  ilii.c  iVci    ||i(«  I iiiiaiiiHii 

/;«(/'/i,*  v\lilrli  is  iiM.|il\   illsllli;;ill>liri|  in  id; '^  ||,,|||   il,,.  1 1, 

i;iii< 


s  ina>s  kiiiiwn  a>  tlif  Mmiti   iltl 
.ii'l  ami  siMilliwaril,  iMcaiisi-  lli<« 


1  :.il|s  a^N.iv  lii'l I  It  and  llins  li 


il   .siiiiii'u  ii.ii   i-ii|,iii'ii,     its  feat 


iiri's  as  a  laiidl'all  iiavi' 


aln'.,.is    iifi 


Ihr  V  Ml 


II  di'>ci  ihcd  XI'   .San    laii-i  ( )lll•^|ll)   \\.i\   .      11 


auaid    r.ift'  III'  iui|,\  cJilVs   l.xiks  li 


il  Miiitli\\i'>(  ami  has  .i  li'iidii  oi  t  ililc  Lmij  ^l 


iMiii  tuci  liniidircl  \aids  \\  idi'  .iml  Irmn  loitv 


•\  I'lTt  tdrvall i'MT|ii  II di.itfl.v  i< I  i'uiiii  Sill  l.iiis  and  llif  l!a\  uf  San  Luis  Ohispo. 

sniiir  :da  •!•>  rvti'iid  iiiit  ImIT  a  mill'.      Tin'  lulls  i  i>f  r,i|pid!v 
•III    1p\  di'i'i' unlilii's  iipmiii;;  upon  till- SI'. I.     A  curidiis 

llsin;;     lip    111'    liiiUy     lllll  CI  i  Ippl  II  US,    si\l.\    III 


Till  -hiM'i'  is  iiindi'i'i'd  l)y  imks  'vliidi  m 

Ih'Ii    mI  till-  iioidri    lit'  t.ilili'  l.inl   .iml   an 

I'r  11  i;i- idiisc  aliiii''  tl d;;i-  I't    llii'    l.llilr    liliill    is    llii 


li'ft  aiinSf  I  lie  ;;rnfial  li'\rl.     'I'lii'  lii  ^t  I  un  ni'  ||ic>v  liiMJnsi'  iiii;ii| 


iiT  mil  III  In  iM 


.1  ,N.I.\  K 


1 1  Hill  III.    I'ri  Jiii  I  .'ink.  and  a  If  n-lits  li\r  ,iml  ^jMx  .|.i;;||i  r,.,.|  mIiom'  llir  ;;.  nnal  Icm!  i.C  tlif  liJnlV. 


'11 .i^li'iii  and  Inwii  III'  till'  t«ii  is  kiiiiu  ii  ,1-.  I'lll.u   Ilink.  ,iml  iis  ^nii's  ,irr  a! 


iiiiist  pi-i  pi'iiiiirnlai 


Till    M  iMiid.  risllij;    iiiinl\    liTt,  l>    iiIM'    liiilr   iMslu,irill\    Inmi    llirjanli    linrk.    and  tVMi    mrk\    isii'ts 

il.iM  iiiidn-  tin-  idilVs  |ii»t  wivsi  uC  tins  liijliiik  .iif  i Iinmlii'd  imd  I'i^lily  t'l-ft  ain>\r  tin-  waliT,  m 

iii.ii:\   l\\  iri' as  lii;;li  as  till'  iiiiiiiri|i,iti.  Iijiii).      I'lir  I  liinj  IiiIIimK  is  diiiililr.  rises  si\t\  I'ci't  almvellie 
t  iMi.  aud  lies  nidy  iHii'  I  lill  d  nl'  ,i  iiiile  mu  ill  nl'   jjnn   |;iirk. 

I  111'  nnriliwesieiii   pail   111   Miiiite  del    llm  liiiii   Is   \eiy    jilainly   marked   liy    tliree   Imiizuiital 
;.  1!  .  1  ■-  lia\  ill;;  .se\eral  li  mid  red  leet  di  Here  nee  III'  elevation.     Nl)  oilier  point  111!  tile  coast  IS  more 


ilU  111.11 


kcd. 


I  mill  I'oiiit  .S,iii  I. II  is  tlie  coast  lends  in  i  slr,ii:;lil  line  west  iioiihwest  i  W  N  W.i  Inr  a  distance 
III  ii-lii  miles  under  tlie  ll.iiik  111  Monte  del  Kiiclioii,  and  close  aioiiy;  tlie  slioie  ol  this  streleli  are 
^ivri.il  lar;.'e  rocks  InlciHer  docl  ihed. 

I  »iic  of  llie  m.iiks  aloii;,'  this  shore.  111  clear  weallicr,  is  the  I'eclio  House.  It  is  a  white. 
I Iri.ililv   l.ii  ;,'e.  Iinildiii;;   on  tile  ;,'r,is.sy   iiiesi.  alMilt    twnaiida    liall    miles  wrst  north  west   fium 


!l  S.iii  I, Ills.     The  dills  mull  r  it    .iir  while  ,iiid  alimil   liirt\   tcci  hi 


'I'lie  linUse  lies  diic  and 


Il  llillis  east   noil  lieast   Irom  the  reelin   l.'.icl 
I'-'iiit  li'iiliiin. — This  is  the  lei  minaliiui  nl   tl 


icst  mutliwcsi     WNW.    trend  of  the  I'll, 1st  froin 


1'"  ■!■  S.i::  Luis  and  forms  the  iiorihwesi  .sieir  of  ihc    Muiiie  del  I 


•iii'liiiii. 


Tl 


II  Iv  fortv  feet  lii''h,  sli'ditlv  o 


\  el  Iiaii;;iii:;.  »  i 


le  extreme  piiiiit  is  a 
til  hiA  i.ilile  l.ind  'icliiml  il  Hiadiially  risiiij;to 
nil.  Iiiiiidu-d  feel  in  one  third  of  a  mile,  and  thence  iapidl>  to  iweUe  hiindicd  and  sixty  feet  in  a 
I'l  '  inure  than  one  mile  I'roiii  i  he  |ioiiit.  It  li  is  a  lew  v  isiMe  low  rocks  close  niidci  I  he  el  ill's,  mid 
^1    i     u  locks  and  Ine.lkers  extend  in;,'  out  mie  i|il.ii  ler  of  .t  liille.  «  illi  patches  ol    kelp. 

I  lie  I'lili  riniisi  kiKiw  n  iliiniji  f  is  a  sunken,  sh.u  p  pninled  n'ck  .se\  en  h  mid  led  .mil  se\  cut  \  live 
v.ii'i-  sniilhwcst  Ihiee  ipi. titers  west  .S\\.  \  \\ .  Iiiiiiitlie  pnilil,  uith  tlilce  and  t  hi  ce  ipi.ii  lei  s 
II'      il  s  iipiiii  It.      It  IS  iiiit  maiked  li\   kelp. 

' »  1  tile  iini  ih  side  uf  the  pmiii .  i.:ic  I  liii  d  of  .i  mile  disl. I  lit.  is  the  opeiiin;;  ot  N'alciicia  ( 'reek, 
.1  ■  II  ill  sire. nil  conn 


1  llie   sun 


11;;  tliriiii;:h  a  sharp  ;;ull.s  and  ;;iiii;t 
111  soiiilieast  (SSI',.1.  aliuiil   li.ilf  .1  mile  i 


iiiiii  the  pmiil.   I- 


li'iilf  jioint  tv.ciit\  li\e 


.;li.  t'le.piently  mistaken  Im  roini  r.iiclinii  li\  tin  eiMMiiiH  ^ir.imeis  ulicn  clnscly  follouiiiH- 
hi;.'  in  thick  wcithei,  Iml  it  i,s  in. irked  li\  a  sli;,'lii  hillock  alu'iit  ten  feel  .iliove  the  ulln  rwi.se 
lUacc,      roinl    r.nclniii  does    not    show  double  w  hen    m.lde    I'loiii    the    noilliwes;,    hut    when  a 


1  i^  .1  hull-  to  the  ea.st  \mui1  il  .show  s  if  i 


illilc  ;    illiii  the  c.lslerii  pol 


..'    lii^her,  W  ith  a  slight   dcpressinn  ur  neck   lielillid  il.  .Uid  then  I  uo  sli;;li 
|ri-.^  .:  iiiesa.     It  o\erliaii;.'s  as  well    as  the  western    point.  Imi    mole  so. 

I' 


III  is  a  liltle  farther  out  and  a 
t  liilliieks  on  the  sli"litl\ 


Thcic  ,llc  tewer  rocks  oil' 
'lent  |i|ii|ectiiiii.      The   hi;;li  l.ind   rising  sli.npls    iiiimedi,itcl>   lielmid  I  his  second  point  pro- 


iiiiiii'  ii|i)iiMi.i  111  I  ir  .Miilris.  |i 


:i-l.      •'  Till'  aii<  liiira;;!'  nl'  S.iii  l.iiis  wilist;iiit  lliiii'  l.'^miii's  tiniii  the  Mis 


;  Ini'ii  SIM  >  .111!  II  Mil 


^1^111/ 


il    II,    111.'    Mnllli    :t,t   /.',|.  'i.el,  sil  ll.lMIrl 


1    lll'l'allsl-  llll'llllll'  111'   llie   tlillr    Wllirll  llVlll 


1        III.- Iif;»i  11  I'.irrii'il  ltd  riiiiiiis  ynilre,     I'lii'  nm 

'  .''         liiii  ili"M'ri|iti.iii  III'  .Miiiiiit  lliiiliuii  si'iiu- 


il.iiii  is   '■linn  . I 


lIl.l.N  II    ll|l 


<  loiHpii.     Il  \x  nut  It  SMI);!!'  I'liiiii'.il  miiiiilim.  Iml 


nil.     .1/iiii/r  i/rf /.'(i.'AiiM  I,  ri'l'iTr.-.l  t.i  li\    \' 


III.   .IIIMT.    .X.iM-111 


ill      lIlK      pill 


it.'il  I  !i  I'l  "  III'  1,1  1  1  iliii  c  \'.iiiriiiiMi 


I  milt  111  lliii  I  halt  111'  .Mi;;iii'l  I 'iiiisiitii/H,  piililishril    in   Mi 

II  I'll  11  \My,v  rm  U  nil    llie   IMIillllr  uf    till'  IHI'llll  flllf. 

171' 1 1    i'  t' ,S 


1  iiMil  is  ili'liii  hi'il  ri'iiiii  till'  I'll. nil  wliii'h  I'lilliivvs 
I  1111111  »  lial  III'  s;oN  at  llie  aiirlini.i:;!'  in  Ihr  lla.v 
il'  niiiiiiitaiiisaliiiiil  I.  ii  nillt'S  In  li'ii;;lli  li,\  alimit 
li.  1  -,  IT'.':!,  iis  lirifiu  till'  liilllie  illleailv  liesliiw.  il 
N'.il.ll.li.  111'.  1  I'hi'  iiiiiiii'  Siiira  ih'l  lliii'hiiii 
III  li.li.i  .'.e.  i;7n.     Ill-  Ills  llii-  iiili;i'  hai-liiin-il, 


n 


^' 


Mf't 


^    % 


ic(i.«i  riiithi'i  mil  til. Ill  till-  lii^li  l.iiiil  I'll  1>  "I    I't'iiii   Iti.i'liiMi,  anil  is  tlir  part  »T  rlii>  i'a|n'  His;  ,,, 
iHHii  ,1  ili>l.iiici' to  llic  ■Miiillivvii'l  lit    iiiiilli^aiil.      I'lio  Noiilli  ■»iiiilli\vi'sl    lace  III'  till",   Iii;;|i  1 
till-  ll(l;;lll  of  lllitlr>t  llli.',  1-.  rii|l-.liH'Uiill  •!>    « llllc.  ami  Is  tlliTrln    HMtlll.N  li'tii;;lil/.ii|,       \\  |i,      ,, 
I'liilli    llir    Miiillii'.lNl    li\    iM^t    (SI'!.  li,\     I'.,      tliilii   llilllv    liillr-.  It   ll.TM    ll|i    |il«iliillH'lill_\   ;    ,ilii| 

\MMliiii  till'  hull  iiiiiiiiil.il  IIS  111  till'  S.iut.i  l.iiii.i  1.11  m   .lie  M'lii  Im'muhI  ami  tu  ilir  ui  siw,, 
Hut  wliili  till'  v.\\<f  is  si'fii  I'll  111!  till'  iinllloMsI    this  wliili'  a|i|>raraiiri'  is  1 1  lit  t'\  III  Intnl. 

Till-  ;;i'ii;;r.ililiii'.il   ji'isiliiiii  ut    I'Miiit    I'.iii  h.m,  .i>  ilrl«l  iiiilu-il    li.N   tlir  T.  S.  ("uast   ainM.       i. 
Slir\r\ .  is: 

lilt.lM.I.' •'-■'         I''       I'-'   ■'       ll"llll 

l.oMmiii.l.. I*i    ■'•  <'l.:i    «.-! 

•  n.niiniM' -■'  ii:i'"  ;u;' I 

Thi' iii.iLiiilif  ^.iii.iimti   il   l'"iiit   llii.  hull  I'M   . I. mil. II  \   1 ,  I  ^."^.'i,  «  as  1.")    l's  rasi.  «  n  h  .u,  .i 
ii'cn'asr  III'  I.I. 

I "111111  I'.'  Ill   I'.iicliMii  ihi«  |ii:;ii  S  nil II.'  I'r.ilx  nl  tli>'  iiiiiiinl.iiii  lir>  mhiiIi  ri-hl>   li\i-  ilr--.  . 
iS.  .Vi     !!.•  ihsi.inl  tiM-  .iiiil  ,1  ii.ill    null'-.,  .1111 1  I'miil   II  si  in  is  iu-.n  s  uni  ih  iiiiirti'iii  ili—ni  -. 
i:i    W  .1  ilistaiii  t«ilsi'  ami  hih'  tliinl  iiiilrs. 

I    liilrr  till'  rlltls  /i(/yr(()l   /'.>i(l(    >i//i    l.liis  iiml  I'l'iiii    lliii  lii'ii  mv    lilllm  lulls    I  m  Us  ijiisc    n,  -i 
with  iiiir  111  UMi  l>  111;.'  siiiiii-  ilisi.imi'  mil. 

■/'/(/   ritho  liiii  k.—'\']ir  lilsl  111   thi'sl'  IS  till'  riiliii  l.'m  U,  «  liirli  has  alirails   I II  ills,  nil. . 

Paiiurls.  S.lli  I. UK  (ti'is|i.i  r.,i>. 

/'/((    l.i'iii  /.'"</.. —  rill'  iiii'st  rmis|iiiiiiiiis  is  ihi'  I, ion  KorU,  so  iMtiiicil  I'roni  its  iisiinhl,::!. .  ; 
lion  coiiriniii.     Till'  i.ii'k  slums  tlir  liia.l  H'Iii.h  k..lil.\  tin.'  wlii'ii  it  ln-aiH  altout  cist  smiiji.is: 
lii'lil  lit"  sci  limis  mi'ii|ili's  the  sniitlMM'sl    llallU  of  ll.i-  mrU,  .lIliI   their  r.M'Irta   ;;i\t'N  to  thai  ].ii' 

ihf   I  III  U    lis   U  III  If   .l|i|i.'.ll.ll|l'.'.        I  I    Ills   sl\    lllllllin.l    \    nils    ll  llUI    til \iH'  lit    till     Mull,   I  Un     1     .! 

thiiils  iiiili'.<<  s.iiillii'.isi  vv  ,11.1  tnuii  I'miil    I'lii.  Imti.      It  is  I'mu    Inimlii'il  ami  I'oits  ,\anls  Inn,,  n, 
wi'stami  s.iiiihi'ast,  ami  oiii-  hiimliiil   .iml    l  vvilvi-  tii'l    In^h.  vtilli  .i  si  roml   lii;ili   I'lick   I..:... 
ami  ihr  shoii'.      rill'    iliitV  miitli  ot  it  is  only  til'l>   t'i'i't  lii;:h,  Imt  a  hillork  i  iscs  in  iini'  hiitiilii  .1  ., 
i'ii;lit\  mil'  li'il    lUst  i  isi.li'  thi'  nl;.'!'  of  llii'  lililtV.  «illi  a  ili-|ii  rssiiui  ol   iii;hl\   fi'il    lii'liiiiil  11      n 
.iiiil  mil'  '|ii.iil.'i    Miili->  r.isivianl  ot   lliis  r.irU    ili.ii'  Is  am>lhi'i    liillmK  nt   oiu'  liiimlnil  .tin!      in 
si.\,'n  t.'it  i'li'\.ition  oil  till' \ii^i' I'T  till'  liliill.  « ilh  .1  ilrjiU'ssHiii  111  iimt'tN  tci't   lu'liiml  i:      I 
lu'i'uli.ii  I'm  iii.itiniis  lia\r  aliiail\   liri-ii  nliirril  to. 

■|\\.>  huinllril    _\  .il'.ls  Wi'sl  111    till'  1, lull    K.H'k    Ills  ,1  liiw    i.irUt«rlit>    \   nils  in  i  \tilil,  \\     !     ',. 

watrr  iiiitsiili'  it. 

I'lii'li'  .III'  s.iliii'  liills  in  .1  u'ulill  ,lli|r,lst   t!n'  I.i.iii  l;.i.l>,  u  llli  t;li'i'n  si'l  pi'lil  ilir  i-lllN  «,■-    ,  ; 
;,'Ulfli.        1  In-  llshi'i  ini'li  .IIM  li'ir  llirll    Im.lls  nil   ihis  ^ul.h. 

l''roiii  I. Inn    I;. Ilk    llir  lii;;li  •' S.iijill.-    ri.ik".i|    .M.mti' ihl    r.mhmi    lins   imilli   .scmiiIv    ;■  . 
rast  (N.  "o    I'.. I  ilistant  toiii  null's. 

,Sii'  vii'Us  '.Nhii'h  I'liil'i  .III'  I'miil   r.inli.iii,  l.inii  liock.  I'l.-lin  llmk,  ami   r.iiiit  S.in  1  i 

lliiiliiiijntpliii  nil   tlir  '>iii  idi  !■  ii/Mmiti    ill  I  fill' lion. —  rill'  snumliiij,'s   nil   .■s.m    I.iiis  ii 
ami  I'miit  S.m  I.iiis  navi-  altr.i.l.\   lii't-n  ;:i\i'ii.      .Vlnii;;    tin-  \«linli'  tari'  nl    ihr  i  litis  imn,    i 
I, Ills  In  I 'mill  li  nil.  Ill  I  li.'i .'  |s  .ill.  II 1 1  1 1' 1 1  l.il  hmiis,  hair  a  tuiic  nil  shmi'.      .\  In  i.ist  i  hi-  I'l  cu.,  |i..i|.. 
M  lliill  Is  t  «n  .unl  .nil'  tlill.l    mills  In  till'  \»is|  «  aiil  of    I'olllt   S.m    I.iiis,  llic    |i\  (lin^i.i|ili;     ;• 

trt'ii  ratlimiis  .ll   .incmilr;   t^Miit.v  Imii    .il    t  u  n  iiulr.s  ;   tliiil.N  tmii    al    I  In  ii-  inili-s,  ami  l<  : 
r.iiir  mil.'s.  ihiis  im'ii'.isiii;.'  Irli  l.ilhiiiiis  tni  (.nji  iiiilc  si'a\^anl. 

Alili-.lsl  nl  I. lull  K.iik  llnii'  IS  i||.|.|i  u.ili  I  il.isi'  In  the  ollli'l  rlllls;  lillU'lrill  Lltjii'i: 
till'  soiilli  snulli.-.i>t  S.-sKj,)!  h.ill  .1  null'  ll. nil  s|niir;  tvM'lil>  ll\ral  niii'  milr;  I'mlvi. 
nulls,  .iiiil  llllv   I'l-hl   tallinllis  al    lllll'i-  miles.       'I  hele  Is  kel|i  ami  ntliel    nil  ks  llisnle  ihr   1 

Alili'.ist  nl   I'nmt    I '.in  in  III  ami  the  .lili.ir.'lil    I  mint   to  the  snulhr.lst,  .llnl  si  I  it  eh  ill  l;  In 
".ml.  tliele  is    II  le:.'ul.ir,  |nik\    liottuln  III    I.  11  to  t\M'lit\    talhnms  111     Ii:ill    a  mile,   «llll   I, 
sin  in- ;  I  e;:i||.ir  Iml  tolll  nf  I  rt  elil  \   el  ^  ill   l.il  InUiis  al   niie  mile;  lm  1  \   el;;  lit  I, it  In  nils  at   t  «  n  ih 
lalhiillls  ;it   Ihlee.  .mil  se\ellt\    f.lthnllls  ,i|    tlnee  ami  .1  ll.lll   miles. 

oil   I'miil    r.il.-li..n  t.i  111.'  \M-sl   ~nulliu.s|     W'SW  ,    Ihe  ili'i'lh  Is  t\M'lil.\   li\  e  lathmns  .U       .-    f. 
Kixty  lallnniis  at  llilee  miles,  .mil  ii-lil\   l.ilh  niis  ni  l.nii   miles. 

Ill    nilllUU-    alnli;;    the    s,.,,u,i|il   tai'e  of   Mnllle    ilel    llllelloll   110111    the    si.utlie.isUv.il.! 
Iim  111   li>    \M-st   tlllee  .juaitels   west   (  N.  li\    W .    ^   W.   .  ..|ie  ijll.il  tel    of  a   mile  mil.slil.-  I  In     I'.  -         i-     - 
\*  ill  .-l.-.ii   I  he  I.inii  Inii-k  I  In-  same  ill  ■l.m.e,  .m.l  .lis.)  I  he  small  inte  l  v  eiiint;  links  I  \  in;;  nit  ; 

hiiji  Mil    .MiKiiiliiiijs  nil'  I'liinl    liiiiliiiii, — l-'ldiu    i'olllt    liiiilioll  a  line  ot    ileep  .sea  soiui.:      .-  '  ■ 


iipf  lh»:  III ,.' 

Illull    I,.  .!     • 

I.     W  li.  .,, 

;  .Mill  ii,  „.K 

i\C.sl«,ll.|  nl    , 
■-1. 

I    .IImI  (n  .1.: 


IMltll 


in 


U  ll  ll   .III  ,>l'l 

\  !•  i|(';;ii  I  ^  ■  , 
i';;l  res  w  i  ^i    * 

.  rliiM'   III  -1,1.: 

li'M'lllu.l        >,. 


I'St'liilil.iiK  I   :> 
•  t  >ciiillii  .i>: 

,-.  iu  ili.i;  i    I' 
11,  iw..  .11  .1  ; 

Ills     lllll^.   IM  ! 
MmIv      iill.M. 

ilir  litlliilli  '1  I 
lll'lllMll  II  (• 
ll.M    .||„|    :  :.' 

unci  ll.      l\  ■ 

Nll'lll,    "      '      '.' 

v\\t\-  ■.•< 

M'\  III'    . 


S.iii  1 

.Ills  •  • 

.  Illllli    1 

lir    I'.li. 

i\'    . 

lipllV    - 

iiikI  t' 

t'atlK'i: 

I'llltV   ■' 

,■  III.  1 

iiiii:  1" 
villi  1, 

I  W  II  Ih 

/i 


f 

V 

i 

' 

|:'.|I-P 

i 

'•'t 

-'i 

1 

1 

i 

■A 

1 

li'" 

li 

1 

fii' 


lliMII--  .1! 


•  K< 


,l>U\:ll' 

III.     I'' 

>  in;;  I'l 

iM  Miin 


l;i 


li   i 


l!^ 


!lti';ikir 


I.<iu  i>:ir!  Ill'  liMiit  Hiiclion.  Surtli  li  iiiilt'«. 


Montr  .l.'l  IUirl.,.ii,  l,r(Hlf...!t. 


y/i 


p^.^- 


< 


v.\  M..rr.>,  r.:;i  fivi,  m:.  ii)  r.  ii  imI.n 


III  h:l.'\    wiiitlnir. 


y-^ 


)■■ 


^f^r^^j^mSf^^ 


tiirlmii.  Nnrtii  IJ  niilt'i*. 


"US 


.-;=-•  •>-«>- 


if.'.'t. 


I'oiiit  HufliDii,  SK.  }  S,.  !•;  miliiH. 


/>>' 


,^-~- 


< 


111  h;i.'\   uiatliur. 


<■  J I 


j  ^  '  u  = 

1^4' 

1 

d 


i'.\(  iiic  I  .lAsr  I'll,., I, 


115 


1,.  till'  Wl'StWMlil   (or  Ilini'tN    tun    lllilis    l..    Ihr    i|ri-|i  |i|,ll<'.lll    ul'  Ihc   I'.inlir  oil    Dcciliill.r  'Jl  iiiul 
;^,"'..      Till'    iloi'i'lll     ll"ll    111!'    <'n,l-~l    |pl,lliMil    I-    i|lllli'  -h  ll|i.  .i-i  will    Kr  -rcil      lolii   llir  rulluwill'i 

;,    wliicli  I'xliiliii--  ill'*.'  ivsiill-.:   liir   lirsi    -.iMiiiliii^  is  i.ilo'ii  .ilioiii  ilnvc  .iinl  .i  lialf  iiiik'S  wt-st 
I'liuil   iliiclioii  : 


Liiiitiiili      i..iimiiuii< 


1..  I't!, 


Vi  II  )••  '  il'ii. 


tt.l.l'         r.i.Mtttn 


:i.' 

r. 

1  •.•(! 
I.'l 

11." 

117 

:w 

IT 

IJl 

21 

.i;' 

,1-. 

IH 

IJI 

:il 

tu 

:i.-. 

■>\ 

IJl 

.IS 

f.p-.' 

:i.". 

J4 

l?*i 

M' 

ii:  ■ 

3.1 

■.11 

Vii 

17 

i.iin 

:i.'i 

;,v 

r:'j 

II 

1,  '.u 

I'li.M.M  II  I    .>l'   linlKilll. 


i.r.iMifh  miihI 
I>u. 

I  I.I. 

.  I  •  I'liuh  liriiwii  (Mi;.p. 
M.il.l.  I.l.lik  -^lliil. 
I>n 

'.lifiM-li  iiMiil.    lihi'  uray  •»  iinl 

'  'KI'Ill^Il    l»fl/P, 

'.   •'>-ii!«l)  <Hut<.  IliM   'null' It't*  H.lh  '. 


n\' 


liioi'.  \M|  li   thr  nlliiT  ilri|i  SIM  -.Minillli:.'>  nil    I'm  lit  <  ''iiiic'|iiiii|i.  ii|i|ir:iti-  I  li.il  I  lie  ohr  I  lllMl.-;lllll• 
llll(■  is  nil  I  \    Ini  I  \   iiiilr--,  .iliij  I  III'  lu  II  I  111  111^,1  Mil  l,il  li'Mii  hill'  Till  t\   SIX  III  lies  (ill  >l  ml  c. 

KSTKROS    HAY 

rii'lwccll  I'lillil    r.ilrliiili,  .illi'.nly  ili^rnlMij.  .ii,.}   I'.niil    T.-Ii'I'ik,    wliirli  lii'.s  t  iwh  i' .linl  nlit'  lliml 

I  I  !>'-  iml'lll  lllllrti'i'll  lii'^rccs  Wi"^l      N.    I'l      W  ,     Iriiiu  II,  till'  i-ii.lsl    (alls   li.icU   to  lIlc  r.l.sl  U  .nil   I'lillht' 

:    -1\    llllirs,   lilllllill;'  ,1   Ikii.IiI    lia>.  iijiili   til    jlii'   \\f~t,   uilll     lll^ll      I  ii  HI  Ini. 1 1  lis    nil    lllC    >nl|  1  |ic,l.-~t    Illnl 

I    :  H.  wis!  ,1111 1  iiiw  I.I  ml  ~  nil  ihc  I'liiiu'di.lte  .sin  in  ■  in  I  lie  iinitlii'asi  w.ini.      hi  l!ii.--  I\l\  is  I  lir  lain  I  in.:;' 

■  '    ■    ins  lii'liiiiil  lli<-  \Iiinii,    v\  il  li  (  a>  iii'ns  ,iiiil   I '.Ml  I  .'.iii'liiira.;i's  in  i  lif  nm  i  hcast    |iai  t.      I'ln'ic  i.s 

1^1  t'       '  "liiiiit  Ihr  l),i\,  ami  a  ili'|iili  nl   ii'ii  latlmtn-  i-i  cairicil  witliiii  li.ilt'  a  'iiiK'  nl'  tin- 


i'i'' 


I  l"iii  I'nillt  iiilcll'ill  till'  cn.isl  Cnrilllll;,'  till'  ^i  HI  I  lli'a  ^f  iTIl  slinii' nl'  I'Ntt'liif'  I'.. IV  is  tlic  Iniltll  West 
I'  i-i  III'  .Mnlllll  I'lllrltnii  1 1  t  Ii'llils  .ilii  n|it  !\  In  I  iir  11"!  I  h  Inl  .ilmiit  el::  lit  III  ill"-  In  'In'  lil;;ll,  inilical 
I'"  r. I  III'.  I  r,l  M.il  1  n.  cliisi-  iiinli'l'  till'  low  -.anil'  ';iir.  I'll!  r.'  aillis  l|  >|  I  li  w  .ml  ,,|'  I'nillt  11  lie  In  ill  till' 
I  '  'I  •  ii'.iNc,  .iml   I  s.iuil  liraiii.  I'.H'ki'il  li\  saml  iliinrs,  lii'.^iii^  .iinl  riiii->  to  tin-  Mm  in.      'I'lic  laci'  nf  tin' 

I  I-  li'Mtll  nl'  I'nillt  I'll  li  111  III  Is  llmil  till  \  In  .1  llM  ll'  lllill'l'  t  1 1,1 11  111  1. '  1 1  U  1 II 1 1  1'' I  ll  M  i  il  i '..;  1 1  :  it  Is  ^llls,•iy 
l'  i'l'  II  l|  li>  I'lii'Us,  aini  iii.ii  kt'il  li\  .III  iinti'iilatinii  nni'  tliinl  nt  .1  iiiili'  In  mi  I'ninl  I'liirlinii,  u  Ihtc  ;i 
.s'  .  i!i  s|  Irani,  r.illrti  tlir  |sl,iy  ni  \',ilrl|ii.i  ( 'inl, ,  n|i.'iis  ii|inii  ,1  iniit  r.iclnl  iii\  r  1  l.ill  1  iii.ir  iilV  tin' 
;  r '.I',  anil  Ini  li.ill'  ,1  iii.lr  imi  I  li  .mil  s-iiii  li,  .11  r  lirl  ii'lii'  I  lii-Ms  ni  ivi-lji.  W'll  Inn  lr>-.  than  a  111 'Ir  riniii 
IIm  Imitli  I'lnl  1,1  llir  I'lllVi,  .Mill  .1  i|il.ilirl'  nl  .1  illllr  t'lnlii  llir  m  r  III,  ill's  llir  xilltlirl  II  Irarll  lit  M.irni 
!''  .  ln'llillil  llli'  I  nUr  niii-  liniiilrril  Iri't  lii-li.  1  i.l -1, 1  n  ^  t  !lr  >.lllil  i|illli'>.  'i'lil>  riil;;r  Inl  lll.s  iiliiiVs 
I  '     ^iinlinl     \l'ilin   r,a\    ullli'll    ijiilrl^''    III    r!.\  .1 1 :.  HI    In  till'    imrl  ll  W  .1 1  il    .lini    ills,lli|ir.ir    ill    tun 

1 

/.'.'  Uiiri'i. —  iliis  I.s  .1  lai  _■!■.  Iiuli,  rniiH-al.  L'l.miti''  'siri,  iii',irl>  si\  1 1  inn  I  ml  \,ii'ils  in  ■•Mnit  ami 

li^i'  lllllltlrril  ;im|  sr\  rlit;.    '  in  .■■•  Iri't   rlr  \  ,il  imi.        It    '<    .1   \  iTS     lllllUi'l    Ii'.ltill'r    III    tlir    lll.\     ,111'!    a|>- 

I  '  -.    Hill  is  ll irtn    .iml   Inwrr  oilr  ■  '     i    I'lir  III'  sili^li'  in'l>\    jir.lks,  Iril  nl'  l\\i'l\r  ill   nil  lllill'l  , 

4  III 'I'll  I  I.:  Illy  livr  tW-^'Irrs  Wt-t   ,  N.  s'l     W )  fliilll  tin'  illiiliili'  nl'  I  ill'  \  aili'.s   tnw  aiiN  llir  m  I'.lll. 
I  •'•■.-.llilr  •  li.it   tlii,-  I  llir  .f«'  |ir.iUs  inax    I'r.irii  iillt   nil   llir  ■-.nnr  !  H'.ll  III  u  ll'nlil   I  In'  u  .lliT  nt'  I  Islrins 

I; 

I  I  I  \|  1 1.1  .III'  111)  -.  ■>  I'lal  !a;;iMili*  ami  simiu'l's  Klinwii  i'nl!rrti\  rlv  as  Mm  in  I'.  i\  ,,iiiil  !  lu- 
ll mil  rrllr.ll.s,  Iras  ill;;  llir  slinlr  litw  .H|i|  s.iihIn,  wliilsl  tln'  nnlllal  li  sjinii  is  ni-Lrnl  .llnl  -UImIi'I 
I'.  i»>.       .>'•!•  ilrsrii|itji. II  nl   Mm  in  I'.a    .  fiurs  111!,   llT.i 

I 'mill  I '.I  Mm  11.  Ilir  slinrr  Illir  l:  I  .nlli.i : !  irlnN  In  llir  Iini  tliu  r.sl  u  ilil  I.T  -i  \  liiilr-  tn  t  lir  allrlmr 
■  U;;.  ,lt  Ca.Minis  ,iiii|  tliriirr  li  \ "  Illllr^  urMUs.inl  I"  T'lail  I'l^lrnis.  Tlir  mntlirill  slmlrs  nf  liir  liiy 
;•  ai'   In,  kv   «ii|i  l,i«   lijiiils;   llir  |n«  l.iml  s i;  -i--  ml  n  |ii;j|iri' I  nlliii'.:  ll  ills  li.u'UnMi.s  iiiiiniitanis. 

'       '■■■ll   hflill'iiir-tllhll  ill'   I'.sltfiix   llillj.       I  I'mn'    I'.lilinli    In   I'ninl     r.-Iilns    lli.-lr    is    a    1.11^1' 

''aiiii'il  ll Hill    >  ■'         l.-it'.n.i"  on  till  .ill!  Si'iiiiMli  iii.iil-<.     Vi/r,iaiir»i  li.iit    li!'"-'  li,i'>  Um' Im> 'iml  ll''' M""". 

''  '      Llllll'll. 

' 'ii^Mimlli  kiii>\«  ll   .    1.,,,  Kdtri.i. 


'(  : 


ira 


^"iiiii 


li* 


lltl 


I'ACirii    cuxsi    I'll. (II. 


il(']ifli  of  \v:ut'f,  l>iit  no  ('MiMiiitlinars  dcjillis  li:i\i'  ln'fii  itMclu'd  as  in  tlic  siiliniaiinc  \ 
I'liliil  IllU'iicinc.  C.il  iMcl  l!.i.\.rt<'.  riii'ii'  IS  ;k  ;;o(iil  dfplli  of  \va  In  tlm>ii;4lioul  llicli.i 
know  II  ilaiiui  I  <  (i\  ri  ball'  a  in  lie  troin  ilir  >li(>i('. 

I'lillovv  iiiu  ilic  coast  line  to  I  he  nnrtliwanl  Iroin  r.iiiii   I  iii'lion,  tlic  (l(|illis  ilci-rra-^f  - 
ciulil  ami  liiiif  la(iioMi>  .il  lialCa  liiilr  lloiii  >liori'  ;    iiaili   s  Micii   and   MMiilccn   at   uin'   i 
lliii  1  \   lai  1m  111  I  >  at  t  ui)  1 11 1  If ».      AliriMvt  I  In'  ln'ai  li,  tow  ,iiil>  I  lie  Mono,  I  hr  .|(|ii  li  is  si'\  en  ;,, 
iiall  a  mill'  and  lillcrii  lallioins  at  oin'   niili',  willi    i;iadiial   and    ir-iilar  dci'icasc  iiiil>ii!< 
Mnrro  tlii'ii'  is  a  dcptli  ot  tilircii  tat  lioiiis  at  mii'  nnli'  oiV  the  s;ind  licaili.  t  wcntN  si\  lailn' 
null  s.  and  tliii  !\  ii.:,lit  .it  I  liitr  null  ».      Wiihin   a    indi' ol  ( 'a_\  iii'n-   ilir   il(|iili   mcna^i-- 
I'linn  till' lii-.icli  to  ti'ii  t.il  lioiiiN  at    one  iiiili'   .mi    scNi'nli'cn    latlunn^  .it    twn  nilts,      ,\t<' 
('a\  life  IS  III  till'  «('st  w  .lid  I'm  III  Iff  III  I  If  >  ilifif   IS  .1  df  |ii  II  111    I  in   Id  flf  \  III  III  111  mis  a  I   "i 
slioif.  and  t\Mnl\  luo  .it  uvn  inilfs.      Hiii  almiu  llii''  -tifli  li.  ,ind  all  1 1  if  «...   to  I'mni  I 
slioic  IS  lioidf  ifd  1>.N   iiMiiN   sin. ill  I'lx  ks  .iliii\  f  and  l>i  luw   v.  .ilf  i .  .ind   tlif    llilff  I.'.iIiimii    '.■: 
iiii';;iil.iil\  distant  t'l-oni  tlif  shuif  ;    ii  n  .i.  lif>  iif.iil.v  li.dl'  .i  niilf  in  |il.iff >.  w  illi  rmil  lioii..: 
il.inufi .  I  111'  (  iinsjaiitinf  l!of  U.  f  Uf  w  lie  if  df>fi  difd,  lirs  in  tin-  track  ol  tin-  fn.i-i  m;:  sii  ,i: 

I  iiuti,'!  r.\  .ti    l\t)i'"<    l!'iii. —  A    .•-liiill    iffl'  of  lofk^    i'\lf  lid-- oiif  ijiiai  If  I    nT  a    inilf  nil 
tour  inilfs  Nunilif.isi  ui'  tlif  Nloiio.      I'ln-  nwiII  .doii;^  tlif  licaili  i>  -j.!  iifr.ill.N    in.n  \.  Im:    ; 
lll;;^  .doll;:  sin  11  f  a  If  \  f  i  \  if;;iil,  i .       Tlif  i  f  .ilf  iii,in\    jilaiis  w  lif  if  i|iiii  ks.ind  is  liiniid,  .iini 
111  tlif  flniniif  1  III  Moi  ro  i:.i.\ . 

.1  liitiil.iii  iiiik,  Willi  llilff  r.illiiiins  w.ilfi  nVfi  M.is  if|i('ilid  .iliiiiil  iiiii-lliiiil  ol  .(  ! 
.south  w  fsl  (."s.-sW  . .  1 1-.  ill  I  I  Ilf  Mill  I'll,  u  illi  f  i-hl  In  till  r.i  1 1 11  ill  IS  aioiind  it,  lull  sf  \  f  i  .il  -i  .ii 
laiU  d  111  disfuvfi  It. 

'riit  Coii^riiiitini  /I'f  ( /.  and  tlic  d.iii-'ii'  at  C.imhos  and  itn  a|i|iio.iilifs  arc  dt'.sciilifd 
lif.nl  lit    htimiitsiit  Ciii/innn. 

n'ORRO    PAY 

Hfliiiid  111  NIoiiii*  lifs  ^Illr^o  Ma\ .     It  is  trian;,'iil.ir  in  sliapr.  with  a  base  nC  tlin-c  inili  > 
the  iiifaii.  s.iii!  h  i>i   t  hf  ^lll^l  o,  .ind  11%  .i|if\  two  'iiilf  >  towinU  llif  f.ist.      It  is  till  I  nt   ll.ii 
pi  nil  i|i.il  si  if.iin  f  ai|il.\  111.:    into  il  is   ihf  I'lnii  io  and    lis  ti  ilnitaiifs.      Tlif  i  nliaiiii  '  1" 
on  ilif  imitli  sidf  111    l!l    Miiiiu.  .ind  I. as  mils  nine  lift  ut'  w.ilfi    in  it,  alihoiij^h  stcinn  ) 

elf  \  in  Iff  I   ail'  li  I'Ol  It'll  lo    ll.t\  f  f  lllf  Ifd,    stilTiny    ll|i    tin-  ipiicks.md    liollum.       It    i»vi; 
friiipkfd.  .Hid  flii-f  iiji  111  tlif  w.ill*  lit   lllf    lofk.      'lllf   tidf    iiisln-.    in  .mil  out  with  uh  r 
and  no  \  1  >-i  1  111   Im.ii  >lionld  \f  iitiiif  •!iroii;;h  with  llif  tiill  si  re  n;^i  li  nl   tlicflih.     I'lnli 
f  11  f iinisi.iiifi  •<  vf.>fl>  lit    li;.lit  dian;;hi    ina>  cnti  i    tin  tlif  last  ol   tlif  llootl  wlifii  'htif  i 
swfll  iin|s;df..md  lllf  liiiikfi>  nil    I'lll.ii    l;iM  k  aif  iiisi;,'iiiiifaiit.      I'lllaf  l.'fck  is  .i  li;;:li 
hiindifd   till     -Il  lip  pninliil   ioik.\fi\  small  in  i'\tt'ni,and   l\  iiii:  alunit    tiltv  Iftt  lii'ii 
sidf  1)1'  thf  Mniio.      h    shows   likf  a  whiti'   sail  clo.sc  til   I'.l  Mniin    nndfr  lllf   .iltfinnni 
scin  'inin    I'li.'il    raii'lnni.  and  t  \fn   wlnii    imllli   nl'  tlif  l.itlfl.      As    II    fiiiiif<  un  liln-  " 
ol    I'.l  Mmin   lllf  iiii'U    >liiiw  >  lil.ii'k,  f  \ff |it  a  lip  ot    uhitf   mi  thf  soiilli  sidf  nf  thf    -i 
fliiiniifl  into  t  hf   li.i\   p,i--i  -  1  !.i>f  aliiii;;   thf  north   inli'  of  I'lllar   IJiM-k,  thf  m  i    i  In-i 
iiiitd  alHiiit  halt''»av  almi.;  ii>   iinitliiMst   tai-i',  m  lii-rc  tlifri'  i%  .i   -nnkfn   inil,  Miihmii 
hall'  lilt   III'  watt'i-  upon   il..ind    \\|iali   i%   ^.'fiifi.illv  inaikid  with  .i  sin. ill   Innix   l>\   lln 
lllf  iliamifl     II    1  s^.'i   p.i>%fi|   flii^f  til   ihf   purl   m    notlli   suit- of  iliis   Minkfii   iutk.,ii' 
.sli.ilp    tnins.  Inn    '>   fmis|.iii||\    f li.iiiiilli;;.      Il    i>    li.i,   iidiiii->  ti<  <  iitt-r   wilhoul    lil-l    f\.i 
hilo.viiiL.'  thf  fli.uiiifl,  iiiilf-i  .1  Itif.il  pilni  i»  finplii>iil. 

Diiiiiil:  the  m, II   |ss7  iii,.  nuiili  ili.innil  iiitn  Mi.i  iii  l'..i\  around   tin-  Mori"  «.i- > 
tii'U  I'll. Hint  I  o|ifnfd  aimind  thf  "onth  and  <  a  a  sidf  nf  tin'  riH-k. 

'I'lii%  ih.miifl  i- ipiilf  n. mow.  and   .i  dfjilli  ol   nf.ir'v  tfii   ffl   can   !•••  firini!  i 
filter  till-  flniiiiifl.  inn  Lijnif  ihf    •.will   ,it     i  i|i-.laiiff  ol   til'lci  i.   nt  t»t(it\   \anl>  ■• 
rofk  flif-f  nndi  I  the  -niithwi.sl  pait  ol   tlic  .Vl-nrn  .iinl  fi>iiiiim«  i>intlfi  tin-  Mmro  ..     i 
()\fr  HM-iitv  sards  until  .ilniM-.!  tht-  Minilif.i>i  p. in.  ami  tli»-ii  ♦«llo«  tin- fh.initfi    n    ■ 
Thf  not  111  sidf  III  the  ili.iniiil  1- -.ifi  p  to.  and  II  i>  mil  ti.i!».\  f«i  {j»«t  tin  i'.     Amhoi  .in 
Till'  >i;^l'al  for  lllf  pdul   i-   Ihit-f   lil.isl.-  nt    -tf.iln  w  hi-llv.  »l,iii   rt.i-  wdl    lie    ^Ituw  n    ' 
tiiuii  to  imlii'.ttf  pilot  will  fiiiiM'  oil  so  siMiii  as  tnli-  .iml  wtadni  |M'itiiii. 

•  -.     .!.».  i.,ili,iM  .,{   1.1  M.iir"   |..i;;.    II.'.. 

•.  N.iiiiiil  lif  I  ;i  ill'  Inn  ^;«ll  ri.«  nil  I  lit  ■.•]i\  r»t«iiii-!i  i  liiiil- 


k^ 


'    » mv ,  i 


U 


k: , 


1J 


i  i;. 


^  4: 


1 

'i 

it     i 


i, , 


'  "•  •»«»., 


Kl  M.irro,  riTllf,...!,  SK.  In  K  .niniJ.K 


,_^r 


El  Mr>rr»,  I"  tit  >    i:,  miifs  '.tt  fu«t  i,.  i  . 

uiutH,  .1,.!  ifei.  Ill  lui/y  wciitliir 


Titip  M.M,,.!rt  „       H,,piii  H'ltl 


.iCtOli-nt 


l'i».\  in-.w  I.rtM.lMii;,  N   I'J  W     ■  mil.' 


t'uyiio.th  l.iri i'ui^-    \    In  \V     .j 


lliii)-«. 


•Kw-"^ 


i 


|i 


m  '  n 


i 


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r 


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B 

■ 

■         \ 

I      '        ri 

K 

B 

1 

^E 

f '"■'"" 

H|  III      III 

H|    I'loni  III 

H   Mll.i::.  . 

B  to  till'  III 

H  th.' 

US  u 

B  TIm'Iv 

B      llll'    M.lll 

1        It 

B  ti'(>i  ii  N>. 

B|  nM'-i  III 

W  '"■'-!''• 

W"         ''" 

fM     Klll!..:|ll 

WHy             1  - 

Wx                1    In' 

•^*                  ''■'■ 

0}    IlM,,  nil. 

^j:  run  _  ii   \i , 

'^:-   Wl:,,rl    ,11 

l,,r 

11.,    ■, 

11.1 

','..„ 

Ilh.    ..|    1 
fi'  In        „.,| 

M       . 

1^              l!    Ii 

K  jl      .  ..,,   , 

Hcl  .1         ,.| 

■  tl.... 

^01'    II. 1'     A 

I'ACII  l(      COAM     l'll,i>r.  \  17 

I  I.iimI  aiiflmni;,'!'  fni'  vessels  .iiilsjile  is  diii'  mile  m|V  llir  licinls  opciiiliL:  tlie  Kiwii  to  llie  soiltli  nl' 

,      III.'  tin-  l.i;,'cHiii,  at  the  l.iiiilm;:.  nil   the  \  ill.i;:r  cilhcl  Mm  i ,.  ( 'ii  \ .  I  here  is  a  ch'|il  li  of  eighteen 
ii  ,1   -iiiilxiii  I'lieU.  with   mils   r.iiii  ami  a    hill'  Icii    of  \\aler    u|i(iii    n,  i-,   ii|(ipric(l  inside  tlie 

.  .  -^els    riillie    cult    with   mole  i|iHiil|l|\    IJiail  liie\    enter.       W  ith  ;i  v\e-.|i'ily  swell  it   is  impiaeti 

■  ■>  ih>  ellUer. 
I  Aiiity  \eais  a.;;it  Ihi     |ias,sa;,'e  w  as  im    liiesdiilh    siih>  nf   \'.\    .Mnirii.  lint  i'hali,:,'eil  aliiml   ISd!*. 

ii>le  III  elian^e,  lull  the  iioi  iiial  opening  is  cm  the  iim  I  h  >ii|e. 
>  i.mj;  the  enasl  to  the  inn  I  iiu  e>t  wavij   I'ruin   the    Minio    ilieir  are  mi   unllvint;  (laii;;ei's  inil  il 
I '.iv  Ileus.  I'Neept  a  sin. ill  Jiateh    nl'  links   au.isli    sitn.ileil    alimil    li.tll'  ,i    imli'    >iinlii  scnilhuesi 
■  if  Wiliiiw   CieeU,   wliieh    is  a    sin.iil  vtnam   einplxiiiL,'    thiei'    inih->  miilhuesi  .N\V.)cir  the 

I  '  !.•  mile  sdiii  heaslw  anliv   I'lnni    t  he  milei    enil  uf  ( '.i\  mns  whirl'  lir-.   the    Wnnli    /,'(»  /,-,  >i\|eeii 
.  Ii,  I  vtii  hnmlreil  \  .inN  lioni  t  he  \>i\\    Mm  I)    shme.      It  is  wi  y  near  I  he  imnil  h  nl'  Old  (  in  I., 

<'\\  tens    I.WIiINi,. 

r.is  ,inellii|aj;e  lies   llul  Ih   t  «ellt  V    nlir  ile;_'lee>  c.isl   (  \  .  '_' 1       I!.     I  Ueh  e  miles  llnm   I'm  III    llllehmi, 

'    Mil  tlieastei  ilinosi  p.ii  I  111    i;>Iei.iN    r.,i  \ .  \\  Ini  r  I  hii  r    i>  ,i  >li^ht   imleiil.il  mil  III  I  he  hiw  shiiie. 

:lii>  >liallii\\   lii;:ht  a  whail    has   lieeii    Ini  li    nut    In   allnril  shipping  jaeilities  I'm   the  ihriviii;; 

"iCav  liens.       The  \  illaue  s|i(iv\  s  liy    it  >  eliis|i.|' nl    u  hilf  hniiscs  apparently    lllnlei'  anil  eliise 

■   lii^li  ininini.iins.  lint  really  il    is   Ineateil   at    the  iiiniii  li  nf  ,i  \  alhs    risiiiMm-;i,lii.ill\   tinvai'ils 

I-.      The  wh  III'  slletehes  out   In  the  sniilh.  ami   i>  nine  ii  illnl ;  id  tei  I   InliL.'.  I'mirteeii  Iref  wide, 

Mie.isrd   Willi  h  ,1 1    I  he  end.  .Hid  i--  Imill   i|illte  liii,'li.  ,ls  ,i   prnl  rrt  ii  m    .iM.iiiisI    |  hr  w  in  liv  su  ells. 

-  I'    i>  ;l  depl  h  nl'  Imirteeii    I'eet  III'  w  .Iter   at   lis   e\I  i  riiiit  \  .  .iiid    t  liei'e  are  .unnil  liinnrilli;'  liiiiiy  s  In 

nil  ami  east.     Steameis  lie  on  the  east  side  nl   t he  w  h.irl'.  head  in.  mi  a  imrtli  \>y  west  hear- 

I  I  lie. ir  weather  till' limises  nl'  the  \illay:e   mark   the   u'eneial   Ineitimi   nl'tlie  aiielinrai;e.     In 

i,.  :n;.';,'y  weather  i  I  is  a  d,iii.L:ermis  jneaiitv   to  ^-et  intn.      .Ml    the  ailj  leinl  lulls  are  inlliiiu  and 

'1  1' ~-.  I  Isili;^  ;:iadliall\    as    lhe\    I'.ill    li.nk.      (hie    lull,  .iliniil    .i  liiih'  In  t  hr  \^  rsl  w.i  id  nl'  t  he  Imvii, 

'•'    111  eslimated  height   nl    nai'   I  linils, Hid   leet.       .\l|ntlicr    hill..l    llllle    I  n  t  he  e.|s| ,  ji.is  t  he  same 

'  '  .istinj,' steamers  eariy    rrii;;lil  here   iei:iilail\  and  I. ike   .n\a\   prndiiee,  Init  the  anelim-.i;,'e  is 

' ded  liy    reel's,  and    I   Ine.il  kiinw  led;;.'  nl'  I  he  i  in  mediate  \  lellill  \    Is  iiei 'ded  tn  i  raih  the  w  liai  f 

'  i.i- .iiiehiira;,'!'  w  itli  sal'ety  .      Sehnuiiias  In  iml:  himlier  lint    iinw  i1S-n|    .■.iri>   aua>   im  pi.iilm'-. 

I   I  niii  I  hi'  end  nl'   t  he   W  liai  I    tn  the   Mni  i  n  i  |ir  liraiiliu  is  sunt  ii   Inl  I  \    ll  \  i-  de;;  I  res  iMsl   .  .S,   |.")      ]■;.). 

I   I  iniir  ami  a  hall'  miles 

h'liuinw  (ll  ('iiijiiiii\  iiiiil  (iiijiiniii  III s.  —  I''nr  halt'  a  mile   nil    the  slmre.  ami    jiist  west  nl'  the  prn- 

.  iiinii  III    the  wli.irl    tn  the  smilli,  Wvs  I'diil  iirniinil,  in  ii  ked  lit    part  hy   kelp  and  li>    liie.ikeis  in 

i  '  lallier.      The  e.istein  limit  t\\'  this  fmil  iiimind   is  .ilmii;  tliice   hnndreil  y.iids  sniiih  nt'  the 

l!     illd   is  marked   ll\    w   wliiti    /f</i/,  lie. iiiiil   s,,|||  l,   l,^    West    iS.  li\    W  .     1 1  niii   I  hi-  w  ha  1  I'. 
I  ,"tlii  r  ihiiiijt  I    lias  been  repmled  I  M  i,\ ,  1  sS'i    I II '.ir  the  while  ll.l  ^  lull  iml   y  et  \  eiMied.       It  is  mi 
■"■  nl  the  smitheast  eoiiier  iil'  the  w  li.iif  and  the  Mnrin,  and  twn  shiji's  leii;;llis  Irnin  the  w  liite 

i/'K^r  UiH-k. —  There  is  alsii  a  sunken  rnek    twn  lit'ilis  (\\'  ;\  mile  sniiili  nl'  the  wliail'  and  mi  the 

■I    the  twn  llinorin^,'  Imny  s.       ll    IS  e. died   the   Mnilsr   llmk     tnlllierlv     Mnlsn   Km  k     and   Is  marked 

'■'',''((;;. jilsl    111  thi'  .smith   and   e.ist    nl'il.      Wm'    lliu'  Ihmis    smith    hy    ea-^tiS.  Iiy    I''.,  i  I'lnin  the 

■leaini'is  f. in  enter  lietweeii   Mmisi-  K.ick  i  mai  ked    li\   llie    led  lliu    and    the  western    iueakers 
dliN   the  \\  liile  tl.l'..;     Ill    li\e    I'.it  hniiis.  InH    tin'   rh.iiinel  w  ,i\    |s    mil  ii\  rr  I  In  ee  h  iiiidl  ed  >  aids 

l!    llie  led   ll.l;;   in.llklll^,'   Mnllsi'   Knek    slimild   lie    telll  pm  ,1 1  1 '  \    del  .lliuc'd    the    enil|s|.   I'nr  eleaiill,:;' 

11  the  ran;;!' Ill'  the   nnrthwesi    em  mr  nl'  i  he    uh.iil'mi    with    ilie  sniithe.isi  ed;;e   nl' a    small 

■■  nf  tiiTs  mi  the   Inw  hillside   iLillamile   t'rmii    the    shme.       There  w.is   a    reneearniiiidtlie.se 

lli'eeiiilier,  I.SSli.       \\    |ii-|i|,  when  ste.l  mei  s  .i  i  r  i- \  preled.  a  hllle  1 1  uhl   |s  s1i,.\mi  at   that  enrner 

' '•  "li.irl.  and  a  red  lii,'lit  nii  this  r,iii''e,  almiit  mir  hnmlied  and  tilts   teet  li.irk  riniii  the  wharf. 


r  I  i 


I      I 


I    i 


i 


11>< 


TAt  II  IC    (•ii.\--l     I'll. Ml'. 


i 


i(i-H 


'I'llCM'  l|;:llts  mu>t     l>r    ki'|il   nil    lail'^i"    rli>>il\    u«  in;:    In  llic    •.linlt     (lisl.llici'    licl\ 


rcli  llii'iii    ii;i(l  t'l 


M'.IIlI    lOiMil   III   till'    rll.llllll'l. 

rilr   Moil^r  ItiH'U   IS  riMll\    .1  liily-f  ;    ||     dcic^    liii|    lili'.lk    ;l>    .1    •«lli;;li'    n1i;11  p  I  i«ik,    li|||    ll:,       i, 

lit'.iMs  ii\  1  1  It  .iii'l  l)if.ik^  .1^  riillii>. 

'/./..I.'  /.'.I' /.v._.\llMllui  il.niUVl  l-  tlic  MclCllIt  i;(nk>  (tiiMlicllv  kllo\MI  lis  till'  Skull  I;.. I. 
Iiilll  IiiiiiiIiimI  \  .ikN  Miutlic.isl  Sl',,1  t'liilii  tllf  CIhI  iif  III!'  «  li.nl.  ll  IS  ,1  li;||ll>«  Iii1l;i'  ,.|  ,,.ii, 
Willi  I  Ml  1 11. 1  I'll'  IMJIils,  h.iv  III;:  II I  III'  til  rl^lili'i'ii  I'li'I  n!  w  ,ili  I  i.\  il  I  In  In,  muiI  Iimii  :iiii|  li\  r  |,|| 
iUiMlllil  I  In  11 1.       Till'  lril;;i'  III".  i'i|>l  .1111 1  «rsl.  illlil   is  |)ri'li  ilil\   nin-  lillliiili'il  \   IliN  Inli;:.       1 1   i -.  • 


mm* 


ll\  11  /■/«.  thiti  .It  ll 


I  .11    Mil'  iri 


'ft )'/ 


.lini  ;l     ihili    iliii/  ;{{    till-  (irv/»  )■'(  1  inl.       riolii     I  lie  «  liiii  I'  I  he  u  I; 


Itc.ll'^    •.i.lllll     I'lillS    I\\.i    ilc-I'i'i'S    I'.l-l     ,.>^.    IJ        I'!.'.   .111(1     till'    lill,.'    llil;,'    -Mlllli    |l|l|l\->i\    (Ic-l, 

,s. .;.;    i:,  . 

\'i'>>.cK  (';ill   |i.l--s  licl  W  I'i'li    llir    Nlnll-.)      ilnik    .lllil    lllc     \lil(.il('    llmk-    III    live    ,111(1    si\    |';ti 
(this  is  till-  lisu.il  I'li.iiiiH'l    :    ainl  I'liior  III  the  im^i  1  if  I  111'  Ml  li'.ill   |;iM  k~  III  lull  I   111  li\  I'  rmliiiiiix,  hilt, 


lllllll" 


o«  ill;,' til  till'  l.iti'h  ilisi'iiv  civil  iliiiijir  iiH'iitiiiiH'il  ,il>ii\  I'.  tlii>  l.ilti 


iIlIIIIH  I   Is    iinl    U'i'iilllMii'.'iiliil. 


'I'uiidi   iliii'i'  iiiiiiiiiii^  liiiii\^  111'  liilwi'i'ii  till'  ^Il  ll   ill    ItiM'ks  ainl  llii'  wli.iil. 

f'i'ii.\tiniliti'    /i'<"/,. —  Till-.  Iililili  II  tl,iii;;i'l  lii'.s  III  tlic  tr.dk  III    \i-xK  iimiliil  tii(' 


a\  liens  ii, 


wrstw.iiil.  .1*  ilii'V    :ji'i 


iiM.ill.N   km']'  i|iiili'  clusc  aim  l:  tln'  sim 


ll    |>     .1      il.illhl,    h,  lllllll    II 


tiMi  I'l'i'l    i>l    ■    .ili'l   nil  till'  w  i'-.!i'l  11  In '.111  .unl  i'l„'lil    till  111!  till'  I' a -ll  I  11  In  .ni.       I  In  \   ale   >\-\>  i       ;    , 
,\  ,11'ils  .1]  I.I  1 1  ,1111 1  III-  I'. In!  iiortlii'.isi  aliil  siiiitli  sniiiliui'st  limn  t'.uli  iil  Iht.      W  In  ii  ■  n.iiiiii  i  i|  i,,  |s>| 
a   ili'jitli    lit"    Imir  l.itlnniis  ut"  u.itnw.is    Iniiinl    liitvM'rii   tlniti.  ami    si\    ami    -cmii   lailimu-  c',,,, 
aimiinl  lliriii  mi  all  siilns.       I'lii'ii'  w.i^  ^i  r.(_'_;li:i;;  kilji  amiiinl  tin-  il  iir.:i'i  mi->    |i.itrli  Im   li    . 
illi'il  .\aiiN  ill   till'   lilir  nl'  till'    twi>       rill'  ili'jilli  lit    tlicH.iIi'l    ilisjili'   lln'   :i>i'k'>   rali;:r-    h. 


tlin'f  lailimiis  liu  t'mii   liiiiiiln'il  \. 


ir  \v.i\   i.iwaiils  till'  slmii 


Till'  Inn-  (it  111!'  Iimlli  tclii'r  l.lliui's  :illliii>l  i-\.n  ll>  lirlwcrli  tin-  Km  k>,  aiiil  tin'  Ii 
till'  w.ili'limisr  at  < '.IN  liens  1- ii\  I'l   tin-   I'.l.iek   iiiu'k. 

1 1  lies  I  list  liall  a  mile  nil  till  |Mi  k\  sln.ics  i,|  ( 'a\  iiciis  I'l.jni  tn  llie  imi  I  liu  .U'll, 
tlillil  nt    ,1   Ilille    mr.siile    llie     Inrkv    liil'    sllel 


elilli; 


timaiiU   It    Irmii   llir    innl  liw  est.      |i 


t  lilee  si\lee|ltlis    liille>  snlll  li    llll\    I  111  ee  ili'i;  1  ees  \\  est      ."s. 


W        I 


mill    I  lie    e'lri'i'li  sill  I 


liens 


I  W  II  ,111(1  nlie  si  \t  eel  I  til  ill  lies  sniitli  li  ft  V    ll  w  i|i"^ri'i  s  u  e>l     .■-».  ."i"!  '  W,     ll'nlii  the  lni|  ;  h 


if  I  111'  I.U  ^e  « 


.llelim;si-  al   tlie  slinfe  eini  nit  '  i\  liens  «  li.il  I':    nln<  .iliil   si\  ill  lent  lis  ml  le 


ili-Ulics  West    ■.'s.  Til     W      fmiii   ^!nllse    I.'nek,  wliiili  Is    111,11  kill    li\   ,1  leil   ll.i;:  ;    .llnl  il 


illtll  tlll'ee  .llnl   nlie  liUllll   lll.li  s  ji. 


I'nllll    I'sll 


III  ele.lf  we.tlliel   (he    Ineatinli  nl'  tliis  tlaii;:i'r  eali  lie  Iimie    leadilv    Iniin 


i\    llie    I. 


iaii;,'es:    a  !ille    nf"  t'eliee    Hills  i.nith     mil    siditli     tllle     iVnlll    the    sliiile  n\  el     the   lllsl     i 
.llinllt    I  Wii  miles  tn  I  lie  v\  est  w  .11 1 1  nt'  CaVIl •.  ainl   llie   1  nek    lies  t  W  (lit  \    li  v  e  \  al  (Is  In  (h 


II 


II'    |'rn|n|l;.M 


linii  nt   that    line,      it  Is  also  al 


linist  mi    t  lie    I. nine  i 


r   l:l  K  k    I.'nek  and  tl 


I  In  I   nt    tlie  aliiiM'  llieiit  imied    "  .llelnillse    .it     ( '.t\  lleis  W  liatt'.      I'll.lik     I! 


Is     the  i.ii. 


inek     nt    a    leef  l\  in;.'    Inlll     luilnlled     \;iri|s    ||  oi|l    sluHT    mi.\liviilie    mile    West  smith 
tlnlli  (  '.IN  liens  «  li:il  t. 


This     is  dmltilless   t 


le    link    il|imi   ^^  Ijn 


siini'.  Ill 


|1    lc|iiil  ted    il    t«n   miles   || 


ll    t  he  en;|st  ih:;    stcnnel'    I 'nil  ^titiili  m    sllllek    . 
.  I  h.in  tv\(  111  \    l.lllinllis  nf   u.ili 


He    v\  liele    lull 


A  s  far  as  the    li\(llii;,'l:i|ili:('    slir\e\    ll.ls    lieeli    eailled     In  the    v\  est  «  ;il(l  nl    t '.i\  in 


imilliel  11  shiile  nf   I'lstelns   j'. 


.in\    sunken  meks    with    Imiil  ten  tn  ei;;hteeli  feet  nf  m 


ihelii  li.i\e  iieeli  Imilld  mitside  the    tlllee  f.itl 


1  llie 


Knek.      l!    IS  ad 


\  Is.llile,  tlii'lel'nle.  ti 


in;ii   line,   lilit     linlie    sn  |.i|    limn     dinle 
;i\e  this    sli,,|i'  a    lietlh  nf  ;il    h  Js|    ihn 


mile  in  running;  almi;:  it. 

finixtiliiliiu  li'i'ih  liii.iu. — This  d.inji'i  li.is  Imiii  in. liked  li\  ;i  iiisl  iiiixs  nin  tnmii  /i./i,, 
/</'ii/.  liDli/.iililal  stiipes.  It  i-  |.i.nei|  ,  si\  and  .1  li.ilt  III  limiis  n|  \v  .del  mie  lininli  i 
\;ilds  s.iiith  nf  ;i  |i;trt  nt    tile  dan  Liel,  ha  \  ill;:  ;iliiilll  sixteen    lee  I  nl    w  .ilel    ll|imi   it.       W  I;- 


.Is  I. .1  .lied  til 


'l;:llt    .ind    ,1    h.llf  Innl     jinll 


t    u  .IS  lint    Iniiinl. 


.Mist 


el  s  111    \  cssels  ;i|e  ;iih  ise.l   lint   tn  |i 


t  VM'eli  I  Ilis  I'lM  k  and   llie  shni'i 


t  Vi  I  <ii.s  —  111  ll^  S. 


MiiU."'    /,'.)(•/,.  —  .\  stiiitiil  ililyn  run  liiinii.  |i;iiiileil  /./<«/.  .llnl  numliiii.l  1,  h.i.s 


lieell     limnl' 


f.ltlinilis  ( 


T   uater.  .ilimit    l'n|l\    \:llils    smilhe.lst  nf  llie   Mnllsr  lln 


V  I'lili  L  sjiiii    hihiii  h.is     liceli  |. hired 


III  li\  e  l.il  hmns  (if  u  .ili'i . 


•I  Ueell     I  he  lil.K  k   e.ll 


1    ,llld    Ill-il    i'dllll.  nlf    llie  easlein    I. Ill   nf   .1    Inik.S    led. 


il'  «. 


I'M  IKIc    (.iA>|     MI..1I. 


Ill) 


Imi: 

II  i> 

rc|.i. 

SMill! 

Im'.i: 

lull,. 
Mil.- 

11'  1-  1  • 

ll.      : 

■  11  _. 

\Vi>l 

w  .^w 

■'lit     1 

|r<t> 

tt'  ^\ 

III. 

qi!,, 

Milxtlf  l\iiil,s.—  .\  ml  sjhir  liimii  Ikis  liri'ii  jiliirfil  III  live  r,ithinii>  iif  u:i!iT.  (ill'lln'  wcsti'in  cnil 
,i|   I  II'  Mrlrair   li'iirks,  mi  till'   t';l.sl  siil*'  iil'  llic  nil  I'mmi-i'. 

saii.im;  iuim.i  iiiiNs. 

('(imiiijr  tVitiii  till'  (lirt'ctiim  III'  I'liiiil  Uiiiliuii  ilii'  lu'st  rmirsi'  m  1- nnrtli  liv  west  liiilf  west 
V.  i'\  W.  \  ^^  .  I  Ir.ix  IIi.l;  I  In'  in  I  ll;i','  liiitl  Ulll;^  MiiiIm'  li'nrk  rl(i>i'  In  |iiii  |,  .11 11 1  the  liiiic  lhl;t  linir  till' 
wi>I  I'lnl  III   till'  Mrliill    l.'iirks  III  ^1,11  liiiaiil. 

('nllilll^'  t'liilll  llir  ilin  rlliill  ill  I'lillit  i ',slrl'ii>^,  ill'li'l'  I'li'MI  ill;;  till'  ( 'iin^liinl  jiii'  K'nik,  >tri'l'  lliil'ili- 
,  iM  ll.  I'.ist  t\wi  tliiiils  (•a>t  I  M'..  Ii\    !■;.  -;  I!.    I'lir  the  liliir  ll.i;;.  until  imiiI«m,\  lictui'cn   tlii'  in  I   iLia 

iii,ir..inu  Mmi-i'  ii'iirk  til  si.irliii.ii  i|.  nml   liir  wliiir  ll.i;^    iiiiiiUiiru  tl \iii'iiiii\  ot'  ilic   tmil  uniiimi 

Miiitli  lit   till'  wli.iit   til  jiDi't,  w  lii'ii  till'  wli.iil   lii'iiiN  iMiitli,  iIm'Ii  nIi'i'i  tor  tlii'  \\li;iil, 

A  »rt  <>r  >i;;iiiil>  li.iN  lii'i'ii  ,iHMii;,'i'il,  I'm-  sti'.illii'is  ii|i|irii,irliili;,'  Ci.MU'iis,  Id  iiiilli'iili'  uIm'IIii'I- 
liii\  sli.ill  I'i'iiii'  111  ur  pii-'N  nil.     'i'lii',\  .III' il-'  liilliiu  s : 

111  liiir  \' i;i' till 

M'/ii/i   il'iii.      jiiiii"!  icHiir  III  ;  niilliiii;;  I'lir  Mill. 
Illil  ''ll;/        Si'llil  llii.lt   liil   I'll'  "Hill  li.li'»ill:;i  IS 

llliii  tlifj.     Villi  Hill  ri'i|iiiri'  liiu'  111  iiiiiiiiiii^'.;  m  niiiii-  in  uml  .m  r  fur  MniiMlf. 
\\  lii'ii  llii'  wialliiT  i-  fii;;>;> 

I'liur  /icf/".  — .Siiiir  .'IS  lilt  lla;;. 
Inn  lifllii.--S;\mi'  H.s  «liili'  (I i'^. 
*'inttiiiiitiif^  nn'iinij.      .Mt  ii^lit. 

.\l  iii-lit  - 

,SJH;//i  hliir  /i;)/i/.  -S.iliii'  iiH  wliili'  iIm;;. 

/.'(it  (Mm/  '•/(((  It'ilif'i       Itiiii'^  li^liM  111  r.iii;;.'  :iii(l  rninc  in. 

Till' i';l|it;iilis  1 1  Milill;,'  til  t  lii^  lini  I  -".IN  tli.ll  111  uiiitri-  stliMl:;'  lim  t  lir;ist  wilnl.s  tVri|lli'llt  l\  liliiU' 
iMil  111'  ( ';i,Mii'ii-^   anil  that  \s  lini  tln-v  aii'  lil'iii'ii  null's  iiiit>ii|i'  iIhn  iiii'iiiitiiii'  tlii'  nm  tli  wi'sicrs. 

I'wn  .small  streams  I'littT  l.ii.s  Ivstcins  lias  iir.ir  ('a\  iiciis.  I'ln'  Itin  dt'l  i'..-ti'ii>  I'liiiitii',-*  almiit 
niic  hiiinlii'il  >  aii|s  In  ihi'  \Nfst\v.iiil  nt  llir  uli.iil',  iml  Ihi'  (',i\uriis  ('rri'U  almiil  iiiii'thiiil  nt'  a 
iiiiii' til  till' siiiii  111  Ms]  u  .iiil.      N'l'iihcr  liri'.iks  I  hi  iiii^li  thr   ln'arli   i'\i'i'|ii    ilmiii;;   rii'shi'ls.     'I'lii'lni- 

nirl   IS  liicall.V    1.  Ilii«  •!  .Is  I  he    I'.Jl;  (  '.l\  urns,  ami   tlir    l.ll  Irr  .is  the   I.I  t  111'  ('a>  urns. 

I'.IMIi'iis  is  llir  jmliail  11  lllir  Inr  t'.lllni',  .mil  this  is  niii'  i\\'  tlii'nlil  stn|i|iinL,'  |ilai'i's  111  the  railv 
I'lli'l   Iniiiti'ls. 

I  111'  cttii.st  liiir  htDii  \'illil  ('»•((/.•  /"  Silii/il  li'iisii  f '(((/,■,  ti'ii  milrs.  Is  ('nm|ii".i'il  nt  lillllls  IViim 
l.\iiil\  |iisi\t\  ti'i'i  aliiiM'  tlir.si'a,  «itli  saiiil  ami  imK  In. h  Ins,  li.nkiil  li\  a  sti'('|i  1  iiimnl'  liill.s 
I'li'iii  iIm' hiinilii'il  III  sc\  I'll  liiimliril   fci't   alin\i'   ilir  si'a.      I'lmii    .^r((/^(    //"vi/   Ci-uk  In  Sim  SiDinni 

I'.'iil.  si'.  ;iilli'S,  ihi'  rnasl  lilii'  Is  c.imiHisi.il  nl  Mulls  jiniii  luilils  In  lliiil\  Icrf  aliiiM'  llir  Sra.  Ullll 
Mini  .It'll  lU'lilili'il   licailli's,  li.li'ki'il   ii\    I'nlllli;;  lulls.       .\  M'ssiI  slt.imiiil  nli  llll.s  |inltln||  n\'  the  I'liast. 

ih::  111::  llio  siitutini' iiiniitlis  VMiiilil  imt  lia\  i'  her  1  1 1'W   i'\|insi'i|  In  aii,\    iJaiiu'tT  -"^i'  laf  a-^  cll'i'i'l  iii;^  a 

liliilai;:.       lllltin:;  tin'  wintcf  sliums  iVnlil   tlu'  snllllirasl    .iml    snlllhuist    llir  niasl    is  rximsnl   In  the 

ulii'li' I'.K'ilii' ( (ci'an,  ami  till'  In'.ii'ht's  ati'  M't.\  inii;;li.  .\  Nn,  iliinnu  .1  he. ivy  imiiliwi'si  surll  iti 
s;niiiii-r  till' lifcaki'l-i  ail-  ii>il;,'li  anil  ilati;,'i'iniis  li.i  l.iuiliiii;  111  sin.ill  Imais;  ihc  Im'.h'Iu's  art'  I'lUii- 
I  i.i-i'i|  nt'  haul  s.iinl  .unl  idi'k.  .11 11 1  a  M'ssrl  si  r. 1 1 11  It'll  III  a  lii'.iv>   surll  Will  ill  I  ::n  in  |iii'('i's  ill  a  shntt 

I'lUrl    //(lf/>iiC.— l-'l  mil  < '.|\  iii-ns  In   I'ninl    li-^Iilns  I  lir    ilislai IS  Iiillf  .mil    rnlll    lilllis    mill's,  t'nl 

i"  ' 'ii;,'  llir  j^'clictal  I'llfs  in;:  (ll    the  cimsI.      Iltil  lliilwn  |i|, ins  air  iml  iiitcivi.silih' lirraiisc  the  slinfi' 

■   ist  the  ('(iiisi'aiitimi   Knrk   |i|n|rr|s  \v,'ll  In  thr    -.1111!  Iiw  .ilil.       I'lir   sllfM'N    It. is    frrrlitly    liri'll   till- 

•\    III  .Ills  liir.llit  \  ,  .11  111   slinws  a   Hi  I'ral  lli_'  nt'   llir    Inrk  \    I'n.isl    m   Mir  lilsl    tun  mi  Irs  rast  i\  aiil  nf 

i  lislrtos,  \\  lu'fr  N'illa  ( 'frrk    I'lltrls    at     thr    wrsliiii    iinl    nl'  .1    i|itai  trf  lllilr    sttcti'h    nl'  rlratl 

'  'Mikcil  |i\    s;mi|  (liiiirs,      'This  is  till'  nlil\    sailil  lir.li  ll   liiiUnli    I'njlll    I '.si  r  I  OS  atlil  < 'a  Vlli'ns. 

Ill   1 1.11  ll  If  is  iiiisti.imi'il,   Ini    ll   IS  ,1    \  i'|\    si  i- 111    I  mini  l.ll  mil  III   1  hr    im  k\    rn  1  si    hrlwrni    \'illa 

.   itnl  I'niiil    I'.stnns.      It    lirs   jitsl    liaM     I   milr   tinftlirasl  liy   r.isi     Nl'..  li\    I'.  1  tfniu  thr  rmiit. 

'        1  litis  I'.iriii^r    Ihc  rnVr   afr   sixtV    li'i't    ;:l'ii\.     tlif   sra    ami    air    rut     lis     lun    i!i'r|i    arioyns.      Tim 

'■'    ll  nf  th \r  lirlurrli   thr  r.ist    .lliil    .M'sl    iMl's  Is  ;i  I  mil  I    Iniir    lilllulrril    \  .1  Ills.  aU' I  I  lir  ilr|il  ll 

'         '  uiuliril    \, tills;    Iml    Ihrsr    mr.isiitcs    af U    '  ,i  Inl    li>     paU'lirs  nf   inrks    wliirli    sllrtrli    nut 

livr  \  aiils  IriMii  111 istt'iii  rlili    ami  ti''  \    \  ,ri|s  finm  thr  wrstci  ii.      Tlinr  is  tin  liracli  r\ri'|>t 

■■  '  I  \  liaffnw  stl  .|i  at  ln\s  «  itrr.  rilrlr  ■•.{<■  t  w  n  rlilsln  s  nf  inrl.s  nil  I  his  lirarli  ;  nlir  ill  I  lie  111  ill 
''      "I    lilt' .slioir  lirl  urni  llir  I  \vn  ai  rn\  n- ,  .nil'   I  hr  nl  lirf  niV  I  hr  u  rslriu  an  n\  n.       Alniii;    Ihr    \\rs| 


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120  i'.\tii-ic  iMAsr  iMi.i'T. 

('Ill  .--liiiic  fell  loin  liiiii(ln<l  > ai'il-i  ;irt'  iii.iii.\  sin, ill.  \  i>il)l«'  incUs.  aii<l  a  lim-  nf  siinki'ii  lorks  in 
iiMiilliI  Willi  llii'  ^lii'if.     Till'  liiK'  i^  iiMi    (iiu-  iiiiiiilird   Nanls  in    l('ii','lli   iiiiil   iiciiilv  oiir  Imn.!      i 
y.ini>  <ilV  >liorr  at  ilif  imltr  cinl. 

/;,i,i,;,  ,._.\  silliKcli  nitK  lie-  jilsl  oMisiilc  Ilic  wi'slrin  Mile  "!'  llii'  «'lil  laiirr,  one  liiiliiin'il 
lit'lN  \ariN  tiniii  Ilu'  >li()rf.  Il  lii'>  ^onlli  <i;;til>  two  (l(j;ircs  va.sl  (S.  SL'  l..il'i(tin  llic  jn-l 
(loin  iiiiiiilifd  ami  iliiitv  'oui  Irct  ilc\  at  ion)  iii>i  alncast  ol"  il.  I'ron:  tin- castcni  |miiil  of  the 
il  lie-  soiitlmcsl  ^SW.  ,  il'.siaiil  llircf  iiiiiiilrnl  ami  lliiilv    >aiils. 

I'liiscoM'  i^  it|ioilril  to  lie  a  lair  slii'licr  I'or  small  xcssrls,  lint  licit  III  for  larj;('  sclmo 
Tlic  sicaini'is  rc|iort  a  wliolcsoiiic  iImmiI  oI  Ilic  |il  ici-,  Amliora;;!'  is  liail  one  ci^litli  of  a  m. 
slioic  in  llircf  anil  a  lialf  latlionis  of  watt  r.      Tli.  ic  is  niiicli  Krlp  oiV  tins  cum-. 

I'liiiit  l!stiiiis.' — Tins  j^  till'  liisi  licaillaiKl    nortliwfsi  iVoni  Point  riiii'linii.  I'loni  winch  it  I  .  ,  - 
iiortliwcst  hall   uist  (NW.  \  W .    ami  is  ilislani  roiiiircii   iiiili'^.      it  is  a  imMlrratrlv   lii;;li  ilivr  li  n 
«!if(l  ami  lirici'ii  W'fW  llal  topi'i'il  hill  |ioiiit.  with  loiiiiilin^  tiont  ciill^  lilU  to  iniuls   I'l'd  ilc\  .ii;  m. 
wit  hi  lilt  tal'li'  land  at  the  siawaid  lace.      \\  hen  seen  lioiii  the  west  ward,  the  Moi  ro  is  snn  slai   '    i  - 
liiiU'  iiiilt'>  liiitlii  1  to  ihv  ca^l  «ard  a>  a  ha\  siacK    loik,  with  lii-li.  ja;:.L:id  nioiiiitaiiis  in  tin 
;;r()iiml.  sliowni;;  lictwrrli  llii'    Mono  and  llic  Jionit.      \\  lien  sti'ii  lliilii  thf  soilllioasl,  it   iMilil.v  >'.  > 
tiii;;iii^lii'd  liv  I  111'  (■lii1>  iindtr  il,  liccaiisi'  the  ad;  ircnt  ;;r  is^\  hills  arc  o!'  the  same  he  i;;  lit  :  In    ;. .; 
it  aic  seen  l.'ocU\   i'linte.im)  I'mic    Moiniiam  ol   ihe  Santa  laicia   i'an;;e,  and   laitlnr  to  the   n.r 
wi'st  the  liiuh  slniiilclei  ol   (ape  San    Maitin  and  the   low  |ioinls  towards  I'iedias  I'daneas.     V  i  , 
alireasl  of  I'oint  I'.steros.  mi  a  eonise  to  the  miithweslwaid,  it  eaii  mil  lie  dl>tili;.;inslied  e\ee|' 
the  eoiiiiuali'd  a|i|Mai  aiiee  ot'  tliewesic'in   slope  aii-iiiu   Iroiii  transverse  tTosioiis  on  the  sea        ! 
fai'e.  lint    all    eo\eied   \Mth    ;:i  iss.       1|    ihi'    weather  Is    siiioUn    ill"    Iioilit    will  then  I'onie  out    in  >.  Ill 
reliei'.     When  appioai'heil   Iroiii   llie  soiiihwardil   eaii  not    lie  dist  iiijjiiisheil  in  inodeialelv  sn  .(,' 
weather,  and  the  points  to  Ihe  miiih  west  »v,iid  are  all  low  and  imlis|in;;iiisliaMt' at   .six   mile-, 
the  shore,     ('oiiiiii;.'  t'roin  the  mirihwi'st w.inl  it  show^as  a  hum  t.ilile  land  alioiil  live  Innidii' 
lii^li,  ami   under  eeit.nii  r  mdiMiiiis  oi   li^lit    llie  eorni.Mtioiis  nieiitioiieil    aliovt*  are\ei,\  iii.i     < 
i)u  till'  lioi  ill  >ide  ol    the  see  ilid  I'oi  i  II,'  iteil  rid;.'e.  reckon  in;;  Il  nil  the  point,  there  is  ij'lite  a  >li.ii;. 
valley.      When  the  point  is   seen    rioill    the  castMiiilhe.ist.  eomin;;    out  of  Cavileos,  it  shows, I-  lu, 
lll^'li.  wcslcin   tc:  iiiiiialioii  of  the  eo.i^i   hilN,  wiih   a  \'i.\  steep   slope  to   the  Water,  and   the  ^li.  !■ 
roeUs  al'icast  of  ilie  ( 'iPiisianiiiie  KocI,   ne.iil\  ni  line  w  itli  ii.      There  are  no  trees  upon  t In 

fill'  sevcl.ll  miles  to  the  north  w  ,ild. 

When  loiniihiiu  I'i'iii!    r'.-teio>  in  I'omini:  t'loni  tin-  iionhw  esiwaid  on  a  dear  iiioiinn;.'.  '••     • 

Nliniise.  Ihe  I'llllitrv  lo  the  northeast  wanl.  foninil;:  the  liisI  rid;^e  of  lulls  to  the  lloltliW.n  .' 
Ksteros  I'.av,  |)ieseii!s  .111  exliioidinaiy  lollin;:  .ippearame  :  tail  when  lln>  iid;;e  is  .seen  liioi.l.! 
from  the  soiithw.llil   ll   looks  like  a   ■.eiics  ol    ;;l,|ss\    hilU  m  allied   li\    ;;illehes. 

■fllcle  |>  ,|eep  w.llel   tlose  iiildel     ronil    INlelos,    ,i|id  \es>cN    I  on  nd    It    t'lo.se    altoaiil,    allli      .11 

some  of  Ihe  steam  ship  captains  think  there  .iie  (|,iii-ci>  .noimil  it.  No  \  i>ihh'  rocks  c\i.  ml  ■  >  i 
tliirtv  >aii|siroiii  it.  Inn  kelp  siieielics  out   an  esiinialed  distance  of  tliret' ipiarters  of  a  nnic  .ill 

aloll;;  the  sonlliwcsl  side  of  Ihe  I'ollll  L.slcros  rii|;:e.  The  li\d|o-iaph;»  has  Hot  vet  liecli  lili:-!ii.l 
on   tills  sei-l  mil  of  111,'  eoast. 

'file  ::eo;,'i,i|,|iii  ll  position  ol  the  e\treiint\  of  I'ollll  iisieios,  as  deleriiiiiied  li.v  the  I  .  S.  i     i- 
Itnd  (icodelic  .Sii|\e_\ ,  is: 

'•■"i""''-  X,     '.'T     ;iii    i.oiiii 

'•"'ii;""'l' lv;i.      ;,;•     ;,;;    »,,i 

From  Point  Ksteros  we  have  the  follow  in;;  ln'ariii;;s  ami  distances  to  piotniiieiit  points: 

r..iiii  .\i-ii,.ii„ s    ;i;tj     i;.  ,ii>iani  ..-,   i «. 

''"''''"'"'"'" .^.    I'.i       i;.  iii»i,,i,i  !•.'»  Moi.s, 

r:..li.-.s  lllimi-as  I,i«l.l-li..ili..' N      i,:ij       W   .|iM:iiil   :il  i  imh'x. 

BAY  OK  SAN  SIMKON  AND  Al'PROACHES. 

From  Point    Ivslelos  to  the  '.Vestcni   ponil  ol   ihe  ;lllcl|or.l;,'e  ol  San  SlIlleiHI    the  coast  runs  lie,l|l\ 
""'"'«'''   thwrst   1,\    uesl  ,NW.  lis    W.i  foi   .1  .|ist:inc.   ol   lilleeli   miles.  .im|  thel."  Is    no  lllilel.:  ■"-V- 

to  alfiiid  anchiira;;.'  eMrpi  .it  Ihe  eMreiiie  northern  p;irt.  The  shore-  are  not  .so  iMild  as  llo  .,-; 
farther  to  the  noiihu.ud  oi  lo  the  soinlMv  ml,  ;iml  the  i ni.nns  i.dl  well  luck,  from  li\c  lo     .1: 

miles,  h-avili- a  line  lollinu'coinillA   ofno-iiMl  elev.ilioii  ,,nd   Well  suited   to  aKrjeult lire. 

•rail,., I  j'liMa.li'  l,,s  |;,|,.|,,s,,„   nir  i.lil  S|,;,misIi  , hails      II  HaKiiaiii,.!    I'liiilii  ilcl  IMi on   Uiiailia  .  .  a.iil 

(\iiiiC(mvi.'r  VmI.  II,  [1.  m,.) 


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Tilt"  iiiliijc  (1 

.1.1"  s  ti)  llic  riitri 

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'  I  i(li.'i-  aliiiiil  I 

<>\iT  this  III 

m.irUi'il  lam 

,1       Mil  Idwcr. 

Nil  liiiltlfii  il 

III)'  ImmcIi. 

iliDiit  lliii't 

.  .1  i  iiljio  ix  lowc 

1!    Iidiili'iiii;;  I 

-    ■:■  :ii;'  UMil  tiV.iS 

I'iro   li'iiik  \> 

II.  .:•.  I'.H  twciitv  II 

I :iii(l  one  lia 

I.  ■    I'ici)  \lnvk  I 
i..'li'  .iroiiiiil  it. 
I  -'ml  froii)  it  III 

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I  " '  '   ihliiifil  1)11 

I  III   ('iiinhriii 

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'Ml  1.  I.  'I'llf  \\ 
^  rlii  !i  l\  CXpllSl' 
-.ih!:  .1    tillU'. 

U'jiriinrhiHt] 
^1!"  !i  tin-  I'lills 
'  III'  ■  I  trn's.  T( 
'i''l  I'.uli't!  .Iiiaii,  II 

"ill    :iiiU>8  Siilltlu' 

mil  iiiiiiit  half  a 

«l.':i;l;iT. 

"^   ■(  Simion  I 
lull.-  „,rth  thii't.^ 


I    f' 


I'ACinc    (OAST    \>\\A)\ 


121 


Till' riiiiRf  of  fn'clcss  liills  Citiiiiiii;.'  lln'  I'ttiiii  Ivstcios  riil^'c,  imrnllcl  willi  tlu'  ihuHiwcnI  sIkho, 
«|<<|M'S  Id  llic  iiiii'tliwi'Nt  anil  Im'^mis  Id  he  wiMiilnl  alxnit  live  anil  a  hall'  mi  Irs  to  (lie  iioi  thw  ,iii|,  Willi  a 
|.i'>  iiiiifiit  HiiiKlc  tMM'  on  llii'  riil;.'<-  to  llic  mhhIi  oI  iIii-  wooiIi'iI  |iarl.  Tlu'ii'  is  a  iiolirralilc  sa^  in 
iIk  iiiI;;i-  altoiil  oni-  ami  a  iiall'  niilt'H  iiniiliwi  .st  ol  rmnl  l''.H|i-n>M,  witli  a  sli^'hi  nirvr  in  llii-  sliiiif. 

0\i-i  this  low  lint-  ol  roast  lulls  tlif  hi;;li  ixaks  of  Korky  liiilli-  anil  I'ini-  .Miinntain  siaiiil  out  jm 
\M  I  iiiarkril  laniH.ills.     Tlit-re  art'  tlino  pinf  covi-ii'ii  |ti'aks  to  tiii-  noi'thvv«>Htvvaiil  of  i'iiu'  Mount- 

illll     lull    loWl'I'. 

No  liiilili'ii  ilaii;c<'is  art'  known  alon;;  thisshoii'  iini',  ami  thi'  li'ii  fathoin  cm  vi-  is  li-ss  than  a  iiiilo 
I' Iht'  Iti'arh.     Alxiiil  six  ami  Ihrrc  i|iiait)'i's  niili's  northwi-st wai'il  from  I'oiiil  ilstfios  thi-r*'  is  a 


nil  I.,  alioiit  thirty  fft't  lii;;h,  a|>|i,uriill,N  onr  ipiai  ti  r  ol  a  milr  otV  slioii-,  jti'liiiiil  llii.  rork  Iht*  nrai'- 
t.oi  iiili;i'  in  liiwi-r  tiiaii  to  Ihr  soiilliwarii,  ami  it  is  wrll  wooili-il,  Thi-tr  is  a  low  ini'  ol  ti'ihlish 
rlilN  lioiili'iiii;;  thr  l)rai'li,  anil  mans  honsfs  aii'  sri-ii  on  tin-  lowi-r  lamls.  'I'hi'  laiiil  is  ^I'litly 
»l..|i  iil;- a'lil  ;;rassy,  anil  llir  tii'rs  l)i';,'in  at  alioiit  sixty  or  i'i^;lity  (i-ct  I'Irvatioii. 

/'no  liorl,-  is  tw-'lvr  frrt  aliovi'  lii;:li  water,  iiraily  half  a  iiiilr  olf  slioir,  anil  Iwais  south  sixty 
. i, Jill's  twi'iity  miniiti's  i-asl  |S.  til)  'JO'  I',.)  frotn  thr  soiithwi'st  cml  of  San  Sinn'on  Wliarl.  ilislant, 
liiiii  Mini  oiii' li.ilf  mill's;  om'i-i;;liili  of  a  mill'  soiilhi'ast  by  ca-'l  oni' half  rast  (Sll.  liy  I'',.  .]  i;,) 
ii.iMi  I'iro  IkOi'k  llii'i'i' is  a /ii('i7i  (>/' nx'/i'M  Nhowin;;  aliovi>  lii<;li  watiT  aiiil  awash,  with  a  pati'li  of 
kil|i  Miiiiinil  it.     North  wi'st    liy  wi'st   tlirt'i- i'i;;lillis  west  (WV.  Iiy  W.   ;  W.)  iVoiii   I'iro  Kock,  ami 


i|  >;.iiii  frmi!  it  onr  foMi III  of  a  niih',  arr  .«if/i/>Mi  /'i'i7,'\  thai  liirak  in  lii'avv  k\i'ailii'i'.  Soiilhi'ast  oiii'- 
li;ill  rast  (SI''..  \  K.)  oni'  half  mili'  oil'  shori'  ami  ilislant  from  rii-o  llork  lliri'i'  fourths  of  a  iiiilf  in 
,1  iri  'I  lirjini'd  Inriikcr. 

Till  Citiiihriii  liiiik. —  l>i'twrrn  I'i^'ht  ami  iiiiii'  mill's  from  Point  I'.sti'ros  is  thr  Citmhvio  /I'oc/.-, 
\i'\\.  '•mall,  ami  sliai|i;  it  is  ten  Ifi't  aliovi'  lii-^h  wati'r  ami  1  s  half  a  mill'  troni  short'.  I'loiii  tht> 
MMiiliuisl  t'liil  cif  lilt'  San  Simt'on  wharf  it  Itt'ars  south  lhirl\  Iim'  tlt';rrt't's  forty  mliiiiirs  wrst  (S. 
v:  |o  \V.),  ilistant  li\i' ami  out' foiiith  iiiilis.  To  tin-  .soiithwanl  and  t'astwaitl  of  tlii.s  rock,  ilis- 
i.iKi  >iiii'  sixteenth  of  a  mile,  is  a  small  lircaker. 

Tin;    ViiN    IIKI.M  liiHK,  .'^ANTA  linSA  i  l!K.i;K. 

riiis  rcporteil  tlanuer  lies  liroatl  olV  the  shore  .ilioiil  a  mile  ami  a  half  soiitlieaslwaTil  oftliA 
•  ■III  km;,'  of  the  .Santa  Itos.i  ( 'reek.  I  >iiriiij;  the  last  i  wfiily  years  one  of  the  coasting  ca]  it  a  ins  ha.s 
Mill  II  lireak  only  twice  ami  thin  in  calm  weather  with  a  vers  lai;;i'  wi'sleily  swell,  so  that  the  rock 
iiiiisi  111'  very  .sliar|i  or  have  three  or  lour  falhoiiis  of  water  over  it.  It  was  -.eeii  in  .laniiary.  ISSS. 
I  III'  1 11  isljn;.'  .sleaiiiers  riiniiin;,'  soiithwanl  fioiii  .San  Simeon  steer  a  ioiiim'  smilli  lili  \  ile^rees  east 
>1'  v..)  I'mm  the  wharf  ,iml  pass  the  C.imliria  Kock  half  a  mile  ilislant  mi  tlic  |iiiii  hainl.  This 
I'Miivi  iMsses  a  little  moie  lliaii  one  mile  iiisiile  the  leporteil  ilaii;:i'r.  wliieli  is  esliinaleil  to  lie  one 
I'lil  I  hire  ipiarter.s  mili  s  nlf  the  shore  w  here  the  trees  a)ipareiitly  coiiieilnw  n  liuse  to  I  he  clilf,  w  liich 
IS  iiii  I  \  I'l'i'i  hi;;h.  This  a|ipio\iinate  position  of  the  ilaii;;er  places  it  two  ami  one  thinl  miles  south 
>  \i  V  "III'  anil  a  half  ileyrces  cast  (S.  l!IA^  !•;.)  from  Cainhria  lloek  ;  se\eii  miles  south  forty  ami  one- 
llii:  'liuiecs  east  (S.  I(>\  V.  >  t'rom  San  .Sim,*iii!  w  liarf  ami  st'\  fii  ami  t  wo  lliinls  miles  norlli  seven- 
\\  ..  ,  i|i';;rees  wt'st  (N.  71     NV.)  from  I'oiiit  Msteros. 

I   iiiiiiiin-trs  /,(()i»/i«.i/.—  l''i\t' miles  east  of  Umi  Simeon  wharf  there  is  a  small  cove  known  as 

/■       wW.'.v  l,tiiiiliii<i,  with  a  liaril  saiitl  Iteacli,  ami  a  reef  of  iiH'ks  oil'  the  wesiern  point.     .M  one 

I"    iMTc  waN  a  wharf  at   this  place,  where  the  small  loastiny:  steamers  lamleil  iliiiin^;  favoialile 

'I  ill"  I.     The  wharf  is  not  now  in  existence,  liavin;;  lieen  cairieil  awas  l'>  the  sea.     This  himlini; 

"  I  ii:    1 1\  exposeil  to  the  ocean,  anil  can  only  lie  u.seil  tlnrint;  exceptionally  smooth  weather  in  the 

I  lime. 

I  ■iniiiifliliiii  Sun  Siiinon  .{iiilioniiif. —  I'.etweeii  l,elliii;;weirs  lanilin;;aml  the  anclioraf:e  of  San 

^     •     1  till'  clilfs  are  low,  w  ilh  some  rocks  close  iintler  them  ;  anil  the  nearer  hills  are  a^raiti  ilesti- 

irecs.     To  the  northwest  of  San  Simoon  Creek,  about  one  ami  a  half  miles,  is  the  .Vrroyo 


I  tire  .liiaii,  ami  theiiee  lialfwav  to  San  Si 


lamlin;;  the  I'ico  ('reek.     .Miont   one  ami  a 


lies  snntheasl  (.Sl'l.)  from  .San  Simeon  anclioraj;e  there  is  a  clump  of  trees  near  the  shore 
"III  half  a  mile  in  extent.  They  foiiii  a  mark  in  approaching  fioin  the  soiithwanl  in  thick 
I . 

:i  Siitiinii  /'(iih/.  forming;  the  southwestern  point  of  the  bay  ol  the  same  name,  lies  sixty  nine 
■nil  thirty-nine  tlegiees  west  (N.  .'tit    \\ .)  fnnii  Point  .\rf,'uelU)aiiil  .seventy  three  miles  from 


yr 


li 


m    : 


(     '• 


» 


1i>-2 


I'VClric   (■(i.\<T    nioT. 


I      V 


l',,iiii  I'ini.s.     It  is. I  lini.iiMnn«.ri>rk.v  .■lilV...nl\    Iwi'iilv  I'.-.-t  1ii;.'li  wu\  two  liiiinlri'il  ;iii<l  Iw.i 
v.ii.N^uilr.  l.iil  -r;i.liMll.\  iiin.Miiii- III  lifitilil  to  III.' iii.rtli«.inl  iiiilil  II  iiMrhrN  .mr  IiiiikIi.  .1  .,    ; 
M-\.n(>  !«..  f.rt"rl.\iinoii   m   li;U  :i   imiIc.  «  Ihmi   III.-  hm.l   lill^   hIi-IiIIv  iliHJilf.     Tills    liJlli.rU   > 
|„,IM.llv   na.'lril  vMlll  liil^hr-    lull   1-   n"«  nll  li.llf   HIhI  |.l..|>ullr.|  <.\  n.       i'lir    l'..ilit   i-  lliaiK.'.l   I 

,|ii>l.'i  .>r  li.mv.H  ihr.r  liiiiiilifil  .\;iiiU  rnuii   il-.  .miciiiiIn  :iii«l   "m  Hit- jniiti  si.|...     Oi i  i ,, 

tlicM'  liiMlMh  iliv  \«llll«\V;l>lir.|    .IIkI  : •.lli>|ilcll..M-  vnIh'II    ;||.|M..,|(Iiiii;:    tlir    |Miiiit    li tlirii..i 

wcMwai'l.  I'lil  lioiii  ll iiiiiw.iril  lln>  'I"  iii'i  *li""    Ml  wril.  .mil   llir   l.ii;:i'  waiclio ami  i 

liiiililiiiu--* 'It':"' III'' 11''"  "li^iil.  •I'nl  i'i"i''  |iiiMMiilail.v  a  lar;:i'  wliilf  Imim  mi   tin- hlnpi'  nltli. 
alMiiil   a  null'  (Mill  111''  li.i>.  .11''   III"'  Mi.isi   .•iiii^i'Miiiiiw  laiulni.iik-.   wIh'II   a|i|i|-iiarliiii-   fViiiii   i 
(Inci  lion.     Oiir  mil''  «r>t  «'•'  l'"'  I""!''   ''i'   ''I""   '*  fiwi'''!  ''^  ■'••'i''   'Imif*  i'Slrii<liiii;  liall'  .i 
aloii;;  »liiiir  aiitl  a  i|ii.iilf|- "I  a  iiiiii-  ml. tin!. 

.\tii  Miiimii   linn,  I.Miiy  I"  iIm'  nmili  ami  ••.t-i  ul   S.in  Siiiicim  r.HiiI,  i.s  )|iii|)<  ii   Ninall  itiili  . 

limi  III  till-  •■i'.i>l  I ai.il  lor,ii>  a  i..,iiUira(l  alliinlm;;  a   ItiliiaM*  yuml  >lifllci  t'liiiii  llir  iKUtli'  ■ 

wiiuU,  i.iil  M|iiartl,\  ii|n.|i  til  ilic  .siiiiili.     Ill  -iiiiilii'.isi  wi'ailiii'  it  tliM'.*  iioi  yi\i.  ilir  li'a>l  lunti  i  ; 

liiilil  tlir  lira\.\   >Wi.|U..mil  .1  \i>>tl    iriil-I    lull  In    x'.i  w  lirll    llli'\   niliir  ll|i.       Its  cvtrlll   j<<  IWn  i 

Ill  I  III, II I  ill.  i'a.'<t  anil  \\i'-.|,aiii|  li.ill  .i  inili'  iii  ili'i'ili.  iioilli  ami   smiili.     Tin.  I, mil  lii-liiml  tin-  hi 
niiii|i.iialiM  l.\  liiw  anil   ^'i'iitl\  lolliiiu.  ""Iv  if  h  liitii:   Mm-   liiimlii'il  lii'l    lirvalinii    in  iiiir  aihl    .  . 

ill  ml  iiiilr>.     Till-  ImIIn  .iinl  .-Ihim'n  aii'  cumti'iI  w  nil  ;;r.i>>,  r\ri'|il   til  I  III'  \M'.-'l«.iril .  w  linr  ml  w i 

titT'i  I'livi'i'  .•.oiiii'  (it  I  III'  lull  li>|i«.  anil  .iii-  tniiiiil  in  .ill  I  In'  ai  i'ii>i>>. 

Till'  jiiiiiiiiiiiil  liiiiiliiiiii  I.s  Im  llji>  |iaii  III   ill"    ru.i^i    aii'   llii'  'iiiniiil.iin  |ii  iiU«i  nf  l\i)il.ii  I: 
tlllll.N  lour  llllliillril  .mil  liill.\    Imil   Iri'l.  .mil    I'nn    MoinilUDi.  .\\iii\\\   llilltv   riylil   liilinlli'il  Irrl  i  li  \  , 
tiiili.     .\>  -I'l'ii  1 1  mil  M'iiwanl,  I  In'  Im  imi   w  .i   I  u  nail.  iii.i^>>im'  iiinillil.iili    i  i.mii;:  ,iImi\  c  iIji-  ailj.n  i  i' 
laii^i-.  vMlli  ,1  lniii|ri.ilrl>  ll.il  lii|i.  .mil  iii.ii  krd  w  il  li  |iiin'.s  iiii  I  lir   ;;rnl  U   >lii|im;;  rirvt  Inn-  tnw  i:.:- 

tl nil.  I  III  I  lii'ii'  ami  ha  Mil;;  a  >li,ir|>  tall  tnw.inU  tlir  mhiiIi.     Ii  is  hi  lalilinli'  .t.'i    .!'.)    I'.)  '  iim,  \,, 

liiiiuiimli'   l.'l    M/i'  .iT     «r>l,  aiiil   i>   MsiMi'  msI.n  i'i;;1iI    mil'  >  Irmii    srawaiil.      W'lirii    I'nini    -- ; 
.'siiiii'oi.  Iii'ai-  I  i^t.  I  Ills  nil  Hint. lill  slmw  s  iliii'itlv  hm  i  ilir  >.iliil\  >iili'  ol   tin'  lull  nii  !  Iir  iim  tli  ■  ••.. 
i.r  I  111'  1 11  lint.     I'liii'  ^lllmll.llll.  .>j\  inili'.i  n  irtliwr.i  ;  \\\ .   ol   I;imI,\  r.iitii.  i>  a  lai;:r.  i  mi  in  I  |..     . 
iiiiiuiit.iin  vMlli  .snininii  ainl   ll.iiil\s  cumii'iI  \miIi   piiir    |iiii>i.     Ii    i^   iii  l,ililiii|i>  .'(.'i     11    III     n. 

loliyitllili'  1-1      ll"i     I."'     "rsLailil  IS  Vls|li|(.  .srM'litV    tWii  li|jl|..s  I'liilll  .srawaiil. 

I 'null  ilii'siiiiiliwi'>|i'i  n  ('Xiri'inils  i>l   rniiil  .*san  ."siiiii'nn  tin'  iimi'i  nr  lia\   MiilV  slniii.  rmiv  n 
wi'st  (N  W.I  I'm  iii'ail\  hall  a   iiiili'  ami  thi'in-i'  iiiim's  >hiiiil.\   In  tin'  miitli  ai'il   iiiiiml  In  tin   ■ 

This  sliiiM' is  ni.llUrll   liv   Ivvn  slmit   salnl  lirarlir^.      Thi'   lilsl    is   at    tlli'    liinlllli    iil'  a  sli  all  ai 

Ill II III  h;ilt'  last    N.  \  v..    t«ii  thirds  nf  a  niili'  I'mni  rmnt   ."^.m   Sii ni.  ami  tlir  iiIIiit  imitli  il 

I  Ul.  ij.Liiri'^  I'.i-I  N.^!.  I!.  'hiiT  i|iiaitrl«  111  a  liiilr  IViini  t  In.  |inmi.  'I'wnnr  tlmi'  irnks  In  •  >. 
illiiii'l'  till'  I II II  lit.  I'li;  tlnlni'    In  till'    mnlliu.il  I  ami    rastw  aiil  Ilir    slmli'    :>  ilr.ll   III    till' II I  null!  I   iv' 

till'  lilsl  siiml  lii'aih.  uhriii'i'  tin'  lin\   Mull   shnii.  is  ln'iiliii'il   li\  iiiiiiiniiialili-  mhKs  innl  p.iti  I i 

lii'l|i.     Till'  ^IfiiiiiTs  ilii  lint  a|i|irn.iili  ll  u  II  hill  nin'  m  nin'  ami  a  half  mi  Irs.     T| M  Im.it  l.ii- 

was  at  Ihi' nnithwi'sii  rimiiisi  paii  nf  tlir  li.is    v\  Inii' tlm  slmn.  tin  lis  .>liai  |il\   tn  |  lir  mn  I  lii'.isi.  iinl 

Wlllli'  tin-  s;i|l(l  lii'ai'h.  |.\|inscil  ;i|  \„\y  wall  r.  iliiU. 

Thi'li'  «|'||.|VM.  uli.llM'S  lllnli'l  till'  lillllV  linlllirast  larr  of   llir  pniiil.      Thi'  fli'i-lll  wharf.  "   »  'i 

sti'aimls  lalnhil.  uas  lliii'i'   hmnlinl    vaiiN   iiisn||.  il \tiiiiiil\    nl   tlir    |M.iiit.  ami   ihi'wl  i    -. 

"ll.lll.  liillll   fni    till.    ai'rni!ilMiii|al|i»i    i.l    tin'    Wlialinj:    rnlii|ian>    Im-ati'il    illl     I'nillt     ."sail  Sinii'ini,  I.mii 

Immli.'il  \aii|s.  (ifllnsi.  niil\  tin-  l.itti'i  ri'inain  ( |.ss.!i.  A  liiii-  iii.\v  wharf  lias  Imtii  Inr!'  .m 
llnlii  Ihrliiw  liliilf  a'liiiii  ihi(|.  liiimlinl  \aiiU  In  ihi'  wrstwaiil  nf  tlii'  liist  .sailil  Inai  li.  ilil  'i 
s.'awai.l  ami  |.ar.ir..|  wilh  Hii'  l.in.  nf  ijn'  iini  i1hm.>i  hliill.  ll  isHnii'  hiimlii'il  ami  lliiil>  ■  m 
yaiiN  Inn;;,  with  ,i  Inn;;,  l,i..ai|  I'liil.aml  rcnhi'sa  ili'|itli  nl  siMi'i'ii  li'il  at  Inw  watiT,  so  tli.it  \'  --  - 
I'aii  lii.iliiirt|\  at  it  ill  siiinnth  wi.;iilii.|.     M.inimirhmiy-  lii.  nlV  In,-  Iinl  ami  al.ri'aM  fm  m-.       - 

" '  '" '"  "I'liiian  .W..1I.     1„   hi-av\  si,iiHn...st  wciihri    Ihr  s|,..,iiii.|s   i|n    m.i  alt.'iii|il  ,i  I 

'111  'I   i-.i  iailwa\  ii.ii'U  finiii  IhiTMiiMiiitv  1)1   tin.  wliail   In  thi'  tiiii'.  l.ir-i'  waii'lii.iis..  at  tin      -n 

'■ml.      .\  sl.,11.,  |„,|i|.,,|,.l  vaiinlisntln.r  liliili|m->  ha\i'  n.-i'lilK    IhtIi  ..ir.-ti'il  tn  till.  Ihw.ipi.iliil 

I'aslwar.l  nf  Ihi-  w  half. , mil  tli..\  .ln,«  ,nns|.n.|inii  ,|\  Ii llm  smiilivNai  I  in  rliar  -a.  al  lirr.     I  i..m 

thi' iniUsnn   thi.  ,.M|.,.||,j|y  „f  |'„,i,t   .S;„i  .^,n ,,   tl iti'i  rinl   nf  this  new   w  half  lirais  ,-\.h\1^ 

iinnli.  iliNi.uit  scvi'ii  hiimlriMl  vanls. 

lh,.h-o,,..i,,l,,,  „t   s,l„   S.m,.,„    l!„,,.-    .\|i|.r hil,;;    tin'    lia-,    llnm     till'    .si.llt  ll  Waiil     till-    il.|.;l.  1.1 

wai.'iis.M.n,l.iln'ii'l„.i„,  tl,,....   f  iihiinis  fin,,,    th,|.,.  hnmlnil  tn  f„„,'   1, Iml  ami   liftx   \.,...-..ll 

""•  '"••'-■I''  "I'll  l^'lp  -'•  •ii.|,,llv  li,iii,M  ,|„.  I,,..;,.,,  ,„  ,|,.„  ,|,.|„,,      |,„„„.,i|;„,.|v  „|,  |.„i,„  Sail  Sniir 


'I  '  11  I'f  nl    ,1   iiiih 


Ihii'Ii    of  III.)  : 


\t 


I'Ai  irn'  ni\si   I'li.ui'. 


123 


III.   ilii't't' ratlioii' I 'ii'\<'  rMt'iiiN  Hill   imi  innri'  lliitii   Iwii  liiitiilnil   iiml  til'l.v  viinls  in  :i  tliirU  patrli 
III  k)>l|i.     llroiHl  III)  llii'  tliDii-,  Hiiiitli  1)1'  I'liiiil  Sun  Sinifun,  ilic  ilr|itli>    nt-  ah  IiiIIhum: 
lil  liilliiiiiin.  iiMr  liiir.  uriiv  wiml  iiml  lirokrii  NlirlU,  at  I  iiiilr. 

'.':l  l.llllolll'-,   "Ml   KDI  II   lllllll,   at   '.'  Illlll'l). 

Xt  I'lilliiiiiia,  iiM  I  ^ii'i'ii  lllllll,  al  it  iiiilrN. 
.'>•!  IiiIIhiiii",  iim  I  i;iri'ii  iiiiiil,  al   I  iiiiIi'h. 

\liin;;  llii'  I'JiHli'i'n  sjih'tif  Sin  Sinintn  Ita.x  llii-  .sjimr  is  Imrdiri'il  liy  mrks.as  ln-fdn'  iloiTilx-il, 

,lli<l  k  I'lr^r  lll'lil  <>r  l\i  l|>  lir-4  Mllilri  Mils  siiiili-  lie!  wi-t'li  iilif  .tin!  si\  l.iljiitills  iif  » alrl'.  illsitlif 
III  li'  Ion;;,  t'lniii  Sji.i^  Ii'imK  Imir  li  inn  I  in  I  ami  IIIIn  \aiils  imsI  hI'  iIic  w  jiai  I'i  In  Ihr  mhiiIivn.ihI,  ainl 
.iMiiU*'^  iirailN  tlinr  IiiiihIii'iI  xanis  in  \s:iltli.  TIm-  liav  itsrll'  lias  i|iij|i'  a  111111111111  liitltiiiii, 
i.HUiii^  I'l'iiin  Mix  ralliiiiiis  ti)si\tffn  I'l'i't  iit  llif  wliail',  uilliitiil  an.v  Known  liiiliji'ii  ilaii;:)'iN.  Ilui 
r|ii-i- iiniirr  anil  iiroiinil  I'oinI  San  Siiuriin,  witliin  t wn  liiiniliril  ami  lil'tv  sanIs,  i^  I'mil  liolloiii  wiili 
liiL'i's  liaviii;;  twi'hf.  siNli'i'ii,  ami  t'i;;iili'<'!i  I'l-i't  waliT  ii|miii  tliriii  ami  .slra;:;.'lin;;  l.rll)  aionml  aiul 

nllt^lill'  of   tlll'tll. 

Tin'  ri'«'('  oil'  llii'  |ioiiil  fxtcmis  soiitlicast watillv  in  lliick  Uilp  I'oi  tlinr  liiimlrol  ami  scxfiil.v 
live  \ariiM  III  six  tallioiiis  III' wali'i :  ami  Iwo  Inimlii'i!  and  lll'lv  \aiils  riittlii'r  to  thr  soiitlirast  llii'it' 
III'  'lii'fi'  sniall  ilrlai'ln'il  jiali'lirs  n)'  l.i'lp  in    srM'ii  ami  a  lialf  fallioiiis  hm  1  haul  lioltnin. 

It  is  said  lliat  tlir  lirst  aiicliora;:!'  is  almiit  two  liiimlird  ,iiid  lil'lv  vaids  i-ast  of  Wlialfi's  or 
Cliil.'s  wharf  in  tliiir  ami  a  i|iiartrr  fatlioiiis.  wlini'  llim-  is  ;;i)i'd  in-  I'loin  tin'  mirlliwist  winds. 
ir  I  M'ssi'l  111'  i'oiii|ii'IIi'd  to  aiii'lior  ill  tin-  hay  in  winlrr  this  positiin  <  jiiolialilv  tlii'  l»rsl,  as  tlir 
juiiiil  and  ici'f  soiiii'w  hat  Inrak  thr  soiilhwrst  swi'll. 

I'.M'ii  III  sninini'r  \\\\\\  llii'  usual  iiorthwi-st  winds  a  smithwi'sii'rly  s\m  II  mils  in. 

SAII  INC.    lUlfKrTKtN.s. 

\'i'ssi'ls  I'oinin;;  •'rom  Ihi-  noithwi'st  ward  ina>  run  'Mildlv  round  I'c  iit  San  Simeon,  w  ithin  a 
li'»  liiimlii'd  \.ii<.'  I  tlirslior>'  ontsldi'  ilii>  lim*  of  Ui'lp  in  ri);ht  or  niin-  fathoms,  roiiml  np  to 
iiuiili,  and  anchor  .in\  w  hi'i'c  olV  till' sand  iM'acli  III  livr  fathoins,  h  ud  l>ottoiii,  and  :'.  littlr  o\  rr  ii 
ijiiiilir  oi  a  iiiilr  from  shori'.  In  lliirk  or  to^^y  vtcatlirr  m'ssiIs  wi>ii,in:r  up  from  the  sonthwaril 
iiiii-.t  iiiaKc  short  larks  clnsi' in  sliorr  or  llii'y  will  as>nr(illy  miss  it.  'rhr>  ran  work  close  niider 
ijii'liiid  to  the  eiUe  of  the  kelp,  which  m'lierally  lines  the  slnue  In  the  thri'e  fathuin  line.  The 
iliinip  of  lii'is,  alre.nlN  nnnl  loiied,  alioiit  one  and  a  half  mii"s  soiitlieast  nf  the  aiicliora;.'e,  is  a 
:ihhI  landmark:  and.  comiii'.,'  from  the  northwest  ward,  the  I'ledras  lilaiicas  are  Mire  marks  fm 
lii.ii,'!!^  the  aiicliiira;;e. 

I  111'  secomlaiN  a>tioMoinlcal  station  of  the  ( "oast  and  (ieodi'tic  Siiim'\  was  on  t  he  rise  |iisl  olV 
•I  r ''i.iih  near  the  shore  end  o|'  the  present  new  wharf,  and  lieariiiir  north  ;i\  e  de;.'rees  w  est  i  N. 
"'  ^\  Horn  the  e\tieiiii!\  of  the  pollil.  Iiiit  the  locility  has  heeli  si>  thoroiiylilx  cli allied  tiiat  till! 
."  ..1  iplilcil  pioitiiin  of  tlie  siiniinit  of  the  hill  o\er  the  piiuit  is  ^.'iveii  instead,  as  fiilluws: 


l.alltllilr  . 
I  ."ii^it  rnii' 
III.  in  I  Hill' 


I'.'l        II       I'.'    .1  «i-,l. 

s'  HI"    1:  .:!. 


I'll  coiiipnted  inaLriietie  variation  from  .Faniiary,  ISS.";,  was  |."i '.!(!'  easl,  with  a  yearly  increase 
I 
I  iilis. — The  times  iiinl  heights  of  tju^  tides  are  \ery  irrejiiilar,  Init  may  lie  taken  I'roin  the  printed 

t  il'les  nf  the  Coast   and  (i letic  .Survey  as   ten  or  tilteen   ininiite.s   later  than  those  of  San 

>|io.     The  Correcteil   l''.stalilishment,  or  mean    interval  lietwfcii    the  time  of  the    moon's 

-'  iiid  liiiieof  hi;,'h  water  is  I  \''.  IS".     The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides  is  fniii-  feet  ;  ofspriiii,' 


ve  and  sis  tenths  feet  ;   and  of  nea|i  tides  two  and  three  tenth 


I'll 


e  mean  1 


liiral 


ion  of 


■  !  ij  IS  II'',  II'";  III  the  elili  li'',  I  I'".  The  rise  of  the  lii;rliest  title  oliseiNcd  in  .It  He  and  .lill\, 
■■■"I,  Aas  seven  feet  aliove  the  plane  of  rct'creiice,  and  Ihe  lowest  was  two  and  Iwotcntlis  feel 
II'' "«.  Ill  us  ^;u  in;;  an  extreme  raiiue  of  nine  and  t  wn  tenths  feet. 

I;  was  in  this  liay  that  the  lar;;e  steamship  I'lmnrr  put  in  leaking  badly  in  is.-rj.  and  after 
'■>>':.  'liixeii  ashore  and  ali.imloned  was  ;;ot  oil'  and  earried  to  San  l''rancisi'o. 

\  livdio^rpuphj,.  sketch  of  it  w.is  llrst  piihlislied  liy  the  Toasi  Siirve.\  in  IS."('_'.  Siir\eys  wero 
Mill'  ill  |S7'_'.  and  a  liydro;.'rapliic  exaiiiinalion  was  eompleled  in  (sSI. 

\^\tiniiili'ri)iii  Point  Sun  .S'/k/cidi  the  shore  is  low  liliilV,  liordeicd  with  rocks,  and  forms  the 
'l^'>'  "I  a  Kciilly  .sloping;  plateau  .streti'liin^'  fioiii  the  I'oothill.s. 


ll 


m  in 


m 


I    ^1 


m 


'j'V 


'iW 


I      >; 


!) 


I  i 


^• 


i^ 


I   I  i 


:  ^1 


k 


Sp^^l^^^^^i^jwffwWp^W 


1-21 


I'AciFir  ciiAsr  rii.iiT 


\l.,.nt  (..,.■  .in,l  iw,.  iliinN  mil.'s  wMv^.inl  Inm,  tlir  Toint  lli.'.v  is  a  l.r.'ak  in  tlio  l.liilV  :il    i-  . 

„„„ii ■;,s,„;,llsiiv,iiiM.|H'iiiM-iil.iva,st..r(\isln.-sl.,.iis,.nh.li>n..vv.i  as* -astro  Crn'k.     Tli..  Ikm,  „ 

l„.,v  is,|iiii.'  iMimil  al  li.w  wal.T.  Imi  i.io.lii.v  was  ..(casioiially  sliipi..'.!  tioni  li.-r.'  l.cl..iv  |Im>  ImiiM 
ill"  nt  111''  «liaivrs  in  San  Sinicon  i'.a>. 

When  I'oiiil  San  Smifon  l.cas  cast,  tin mi.I  a  lialt'  inilfs  distant,  tlif  laifio  Castro  lions) 

tin'liliilVi<.Iiiv.-tlv  iMMJ.Tilir  lii-li.  linilHMvd  sni'iniit  of  I'lnr  Monnlain;  an<l  Uo.'ky  Untli"  sii..» -^ 
just  to  tlif  ii'lt  »l  i'oml  San  Snn.'on.     Tii.'s,'  mountain-  lia\r  aliva.l\  l.mi.U'.siirilM'.l  (.mv  j.ap'  IL'    . 

Tin:  rii;i>i;As  iii.\mas.» 

Tliisr  wvll  Known  roils  and  lan.lni.uks  iu'  four  .mil  tliivo  .juarttTs   miles  norlli.  »'i}:lily  |.  i; 
(Ic-iv.'s  ui'-l  (N..SI     W.:  from  Point  S.in  Simoon. 

riii'\  ari"  two  lar;:i'.  wliilo.  siiarp  lopinil  im  l,s  i-|osc  to  the  li»\v.  rocky  shore  of  Point    ric';  i- 
111. nil. I-.  ami  notliin-  else  lii>e  lln'fn  is  Ion  ml  on  I  hi-  pari  o|  Ihecoasi.     'I'lie  eastern  uneisailon     . 
roik.  ei;.dit\  iwo  leil  hi -h.  one  humlreil  ami  sevenly  y.inls  loiu  northwest  anil  southeast,  ami  i  • 
>i\  liumlieil  ami  iwiiity  .\arils  Irom  the  shore  live  >i\;lis  oi  a  inde  east  liy  .south  ( K.  liy  S.    i  • 
I'liiiias  r.l.imas  l,i;,'iit  honse.     It  lies,  liieieloiv.  nmler  lheea>tern  shore.      It  has  from  four  .1        1 
hall  to  six  I'allioins  of  w.iler  a  roll  ml  lis  iiortl;,  ea-i.  and  >onlh  sides  ;  with  foul  liottoiu  streleliiii- 
one  hiimlred  and  Iw.nl.x  yaiil>  soiiihv.oi  h.\  wi  -I  iSW.  liy  W.'  from  its  imrlh  poiut.      In  tlii-  !•■  1' 
•rroinid  the  dipili  1-  iiiiiete.n  leei.aml  possihl\  less.     Nil  kelp  is  laid  down  around  it.  ami  1    ;. 
outside  or  in>ide  ol  it.      llelwcen  il  ami  ihe  shore  the  depth  is  .seven  lo  three  f.lthoms;    and  in-    .'II 
the  ed;:e  of  the  ihiiT  t'alhom   line,  and  t  w ..  hnmlied    and   lilly  yards  from   the  rock,  lies  a  sn;,    n 
roiK.  h  ire  al   eMirme  low    waiei>.     'I'lie  w  e-    n  11  one  of  I  lie    I'ledias   llhiiieas.  one  hnnilnd    1    I 
lliiii\  lilt   liij:li  and  one  hnmlred   and    lit'      \arr.>   in  cMeiii.  Ins  elo-.e  iindei-  the  sonthwi    '.n 
e\lleliil'>  of  Point    Piidias  PLineas,      The   S|iaee   between  the  |ioiiit  and  the  rock  is  only  one    1    .1 
died  ami  lil'lx  \ards  wide  and   i-  li.iiied      y  a   Inoad.  sheixin:.'.  rocky  liottoni,  hare  at    low   w     . 
There  is  deep  water  (nine  f.iihom-    close  iimler  the  ■■nter  f.ice  of  this  rock.     When  it  hears  n.:" 
noriliMsi  distant  two  indes  ii  has  a  \er\  strjl,in;;  icsemhlam-e  toa/i<oi  nofc/otH/.  and  is  t'leipn  •l• 
(•alled  the  ••  l.jnn  li'orlx."     Wlicii  hiarin;:  northwest     NW.    it  is  scpaiated  nearly  its  width  fron  ih. 

Point,  and  the  easiern  im  K  is  siiii  projeeied  on  the  e.isti  in  limit  of  tlu>  s  iml  diiiu's.     Win  1 

liyllt  liouse  hears  wesi  imi  Ihwisl     \\  N  \\  .    il  .ippears  .ilniost  inidw.iy  iietweeii  the  two  roi  K- 

Piil'ore  the  location  of  the  ll^hl  house  at  this  point,  these  locks  wcic  the  marks  li.r  makih^  ■ 
liailmr  of  .San  Simeon  fimn  I  lie  northward  :  and  steanicis  hoiiiid  north  Irom  outside  the  .Sam. 1  1 
liara  Ul  nid    ;:i'nci,illy  haul  in  iiiiilrr  the  land  hcfon-  tin  y  aie  up  with  t  hem. 

I'l'iiit  I'iidiiis  lUiiiird'i,  immedialclv  inside  these  rocks,  js  a  small,  low.  locky  itoiut,  ei;:li", 
feet,  at  its  lii;;hest   |iari.alio\e  the  sea;   with  a  low.  iiariow  neck   liehiiid  it,  whence  sand  ■        - 
sliclcli  iioi  ilieasi  w  aid  aiiil  spnad  out  foi  half  .1  iiide. 

The  country  liehimi  the  point  is  compaiaIi\  dj-  low,  only  risinj:  lo  li\e  Ihindred  feet  in  ;»> 
miles  ;  but  il  then  rises  r.ipidl.\  to  (he  iii^n  monntaiiis  luiiniu-  an  amphilliealer  from  cast  to  a;  1  •- 

iiorlhwest  of  Sail  Simeon  l!,i>  and  il isi  iliciiceto  Picdras  Mlancas.     'iliese  monntains  ai.     .i 

hold,  and  from  .seaward  .ippcii  i|iiiic  riesc  npon  the  sea  iMianl.     (tf  these  the  two  most  f. on     .1 
peaks  aie  l.'niKy  liiiuc.  wliich  rises  |,,,iii  ele\  ation  o|  ihirt\ -foni  linndred  tect  alsi\:.  Im'    il- 

co.isi  line,  nineand  a  li, df  miles  imrili  siviy  di';,'rees  cast     N.  f.ti    M.,  from    Picdras  P.Iancas  I    J' 
lioiise.aml  Pine  Mount. ijn.  which  itliinsaii  elevation  ofihiitv  live  hnmlred  feet  at  six  miles  IV,-     1 
coa.st  line,  ami  lies  seven  ami  a  h.ilf  miles  north   si\!\  ci'.dit   decrees  cast  (  N.  (»S^    K.)fro!uth.'      >- 
point.     Tlicdel.iilcd  dcsciiplmii  nf  ihcs..  mount. nils,  with  then  ;;eo;.'iapliical  positions,  hasali    i.l 
ht'oii  jriven  mi  jia^c  l'.!i'. 

Por  dcMiipiion  III  .inchor.i-esand  dan-eis  in  the  approaches  lu  Picdras  lllaiinis,  .see  pa  •■  .^ 
to  IL'S. 

i.nnir  iiui  <k   \t  I'i.int  firm;  as  ui.ama.si. 

This  IS  a  sca-^oast  li-ht.,fihc  liist  order.  Ii-htin-  the  entire  horizon,  ami  is  situated  ■■:.  di. 
hi),dic  !  p, II  of  11, e  l,ill„cklormiiic  |'„int  Picdras  Plam-as      The  Imddm-is  a  liriek  low,.r,  tic  nih 

"""  "'  •' ' '  ''  '-^  """■'>  •'"•'■'  III  hei;:lit.  painted  w  hite.  w  II 11  the  lantern  frallerv  and  balustrade     „  1, 

■""'""" '•"■''••     •'  '^  >>''"'"''l  lifl.v  fee;  ,„  tronlofihc  k.-cpePs  dwelling',  whieli   is  a  tu,.     ..n 

■S|i.llll>|i    l..|     MJiOc    Ml  l»s. 


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I'lPiiit  I'lidnis  lllani'a!* 
I.i){lil  hoiiw.  N\V  .  14  iinies 


I'iiit-  Mniiiitiiiri, 

iifiniit  .i.iii'.o  iVi-t 


Rook}-  Biittf, 
Nortli,  I;li  miles;   lit>i){lit,  :i.4f>0  foet. 


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I'lim  loji 


I..1  I   1 .1/    lop. 
I'lfiitaH  Hlii!u  n-i  I.iulit  liousf,  N  I     Ijy  K.  j  K  ,  4  iti 


./'^l'i^.^'!#»:'"-^'^r^-«^V^'»**^'_^^ 


ruMlruit  Hl:iii((i.i   l.'ulil  limiHH,       ( lutKI  I'ietlriiH  Bl 
S^;    liy   (■  ,  J   1.       H  llnl.-. 


i^!t^^?"i^^£^,''T:-,-nn- 


Illllt'H. 


Outer  Hiedrai)  Hlaiiraii. 


I'ledrau  Hlani'OM  l.i^lit  hnimi',  K.SK..  4  iiiileH. 


X  ..- 


I..1  L'r../  lop. 
I.iKlit  liniis.',  M     Ijy  K   jf  K  ,  4  mill'* 


hurufti  J'fttk.     Hiiifi  MotiDtaiii. 

DtiiiT  l'ic(lrii?(  Ulaiicad,  frntii  )ili<jtii)(rapli. 


^ESEIs 


l.i«lii  limini!.      (lutKi  I'iedraH  BlaiiciiM. 

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VUe  uHlvT  Pii'ilrii"  HlHiuHit 


I'li'ilriiN  HIiiiii'HH  l.iKlit  Ihhim-,  NK.  |  E.,  |niil«. 
MiIIn  III  clniiil  and  \i»ie. 


luuer  PIvdraH  Ulancao, 

f*"*^-       HilU  in  cloud  and  haie. 


,.-',~>K.^      .- 


?r-v'-<^^^ 


-griS^ 


^tMKarrS^ 


L'apr  San  Martin      Outvr  I'ifdruit  lilancan. 

FiedraH  HIuijcuh  l.i^lii  Ihhiim'. 
NW  liv  \     .'i  iiilli'H 


Inner  Piedraa  Blancan. 


Outer  Pirdras  KlancuN.       Inner  Piedraa  Bloncaa. 
I'uint  I'ledraii  Lixlitluiuitf. 
NW.  by  W.  i  W.,  r'  niilfH. 


Point  San  Simeon. 


White  barn. 
San  Simeun  LaodiDg,  NW.,  S  miles. 


mm 


i,       1 


'^■ 


\'<n 


ir      .  II  stiilrtlllr 

I  III'  illiliiiiiiiil 
■'  ■     '  >imil>r  il/(  I 

'   \C|||\    Ifl'l   i 

,i..r 


i  li>'  iiM'iil  vi; 

■<■'       rl;;|||\    scM'l 

''   Mllllll    tlllll    > 

III.       ()will;il 

I  i      IIV   \liril>  lull 

riif  j;niy;i;i|il 

I.iiitiiili- 

I.MM-IIU.I 

<  ii .  Ill  nil 

Till'  i'iiiM|)utt'i 

'  I    I. 

I    K'lll    till'    Li^rj 

ri'iiii  iNt 
riiiiii  Sill 

I'l'iiil  Ai; 
('a|ii'  San 

I'liiiil  Sill 

I'oiiii  rill 

I  III'  cii.l.slili;,'  ,• 

'-      ii^lli'  at   I'liii 

■  •■  :    1 1  liwaiil   v\  it 

■  "     iliiiiii  iiii.v  a 

I  iiiiM'ilialrlv  I 
ii'.^iil.ii  liliiiVs  wi 

I ''■ill  I   Sill,  II    . 

I      1  iiiirili  (N\\ 

i    •    --Iraill  slllji 

■      -I  (N\V.)I 

■  I    'I  lulls    llll'liai 
'1'.        clinic  fliric 

I     iiIlT  till'  sou 

1-  Kiiiiiili,  (ilV  \\\ 

I   M'l-^l'll    Mt'l'  .-ill 

'      ti\s  1)11  slim 
"1    I'miil  l'i('ilr,i.> 

li'i .  KiiliiT  shiiri 

I  nil'  IS  a   lilii; 

!'  ■'  ■   >ii  M.i  Ncvai 

r      iiiiii  lilt'  (i< 

"i^     'H'  cut     lloWII 

ill  ■  'Ills  ami    Ihc 

'  ii"    I'liiiH'tt  Can 

'  '   'I    this  ciiiii 

'III'  I  III  M'awani 

'I'  'I  ilii-  ''winil-L'; 


I'ACIKIC    CnAMI'    l>ll,tCI 


12: 


f>   *i 


M U  II  Mlllll'llllf   |i,lilltri|    ll^lll   lilltV  Witll  l>lltllim.S(>H    mill    I'lMIO'S    WllilfWIINllCll.       II    \MIS  l-|<rtl'*l    ill 


I  hi' illiiniMMliti;;  iiii|i!ii'iitiiH  is  iil' tin- lirst  luiln  of  tlii' s\  stciii  ol' I'lrsiirl,  iiiiil  .slinw.s  I'nnii  miii 
'  •.illilix'  ii//i(i/  irliilr  liijhl  rnrifil  liii  ii  lliluli  t  fri  i/  lil'lini  mfntiilH.  'I'Ih'  rocill  |iliitii'  is  iiiii>  IiiiiiiIiimI 
-rXiMil.N  li-i'l  ;ilii>\f  till'  liiiMII  li'Vt'l  III' lIliMii'i'ail,  ami  III  cli'.ir  wt'illliii'  jl.  .sliulljil  lir  mtII  riniii  .1 
III  III' 

III  Irt'l  III  Jl  llJHlllllcr  of  I".!'.  liilliM. 
'Jll  t'ri't  III  II  ill^lanii'  III'  ■.'Ml  iiiiUh. 
;lll  Irrt  III  II  iljitliiiiri'  III'  'J\.'i  liiilr'<. 


•  Ill  I'l  I  I  ill  il  ill 


1. 1'  •.';!, • 


ill 


/■ 


1  III'  aicnl  vimIiiIiI.n  limii  .sfauaiil  islwn  liiiiulrrii  ami  ri;;lili'i'ii  il(';;n'rsiir  ilic  liitri/on.  iViiiii 
Miiiili  fiy:lil\  sr\  I'll  ami  a  liall'tlt'i;'''''''*  <'""*'  (^•■'^iA  I')).  I'imiiI  San  Siinroii  li\r  miirs  iJiNiaiit,  niiiml 
liv  ilir  NKiilli  ami  \M"-I  liimiilli  Tiiilv  I'tuii' ami  a  liall  ilt'iiiiTs  wi-sl  (N.  IH  W.t,  a  iiuiiit  litiir  iiiili'.t 
iliM.iiit.  <  IwIiil:  Id  llir  I'liisriii'ss  iif  III  is  11;:  lit  In  llii-  wi-sli'i  ii  I'inlia  I  SI  a  lira,  a  sliailnvv,  nm-  liiimlicil 
.iimI  !iII>  \aiils  Idiil:  ami  lillrni  variN  wiilr,  i.s  rasi  l»\  tlic  rncK  to  llir  sunt  li  wivsl. 

rill'  ^i'ii;,'ia|iliii'.il  |iiisilM)ii  iil'llir  l.i;,Mit  lioilx',  as  ili'tcriiiiiii'il  Iin    llir  Coast   ami  (i Ii'tii:  Hill' 


l,:llitllill'. 
I.MliUllllllr 
I  l|.    Ml    tlllll 


:;■.      ;t'.i     :.m  .t  iiniHi 
I'.'l       i:     ii'i  .:i  H.'si. 
-'    ii:,'"  II-  IJ, 


ni 


Till' roiiipuli'il   iiia;;ii('lir  xaiiatinn  tur  .laiiii,."\ ,  IHS,">,  was  '."i     IT  la.sl,  witli  a  \»'ail,\  iiiniasc 


i.f  I    I, 


I  mill  ilii'  la;;lil  Imiiim',  llir  ltrariii;;s  ami  ilisiaiici's  to  |iriiiiiiiii'iil  |Miiiits  art'  ;;i\rii  as  tnllov 


I'l 


I'.sll 


.SK.  In  i;.  ,  i; 


Hi. ml   I'  III 


I 'ill  III  San  I. II  IS SI..  I  II.,  ili'-tunl 

Till II I  Al;;in  II" Si;.  I  .s  , 


I'liji 


Sun  Mill!  ill 


I'.iiiil  Sii 
I'.iiiil   I'i 


.  .NU     ,  U, 

.  N'V,   I  W 


■•l.llll    .'.'  IMIll'-. 
-I.'liil    I-   liillrs. 


Hl.liil    ..11  lllilr 


p|   iiiti  r\  1.1  Mr) iliHliiiil  i.T  III  ill' 


1  III' (nasi  iii^' sicaiiit'is  iiiaUiii:.;  San  Siiiu'iiii  l!a\  IVitiM  tin-  iini  lliwiinl  in  t'ii;;;;v  wcatlii'i  ncnl  a 
;  «  lii.^lli' at  I'liinl  ritillas  lllaiiras,  liri  ail.sr  lirtitir  lii'iny  n|i  \\  illi  it  tlir.v  h;i\  c  a  Inn;,'  i  iiii  liiun 
'  I  "lllnNaiil  >Mllinllt  any  aiil  tn  liavi;;aliiMl.  \  rsscls  t'min  llir  snlll  Ii\n  .Mil  li,l\  r  llkrwisi'  a  Inn;; 
i      lliniit  aii\  aiil  In  li.i\  ij,'al:iiii. 

iiiiiiii'ilialrl.v   to  llic   mnlliwaiii  of    rnilit    I'li'ilias    Itlancas   ||||.  ..^Iiiii'i' Ijin.  cinit  iiiiirs  ol'    |n\t 
i'^iil.ii  liliitl's  witli  roi'Uy  pi'i>it'rliniis  ami  many  iiicks  clnsi'  iiinli'i'  llit'  .slioics. 

r:'iiil  Sliriii   \i  riiilii  is  a  low ,  liliilV  |>niiit,  cnx  t'lril   with  sami  ilniii's,  ami   lies  nni  liivM'st 


nlir 


i|'i,n  I 


hir 


I  iiiiiili  (NW.  ',  N.)  tliit'c  anil  iMii'-ci^litli  iniU's  li'iiiii  I'liint    I'lnlras  lllancas;  it  was  naim  i| 


llif  .strain  .slii|i  Sdiiii  .\'(''-(((/(i,  wliicli  was  wi'i'ckcil  on  tin'  mck  stn•t^'llin^'  rmii'  liiiiii|ii.i|   \, 


Ills 


mmUiuinI  (NW  .)  tinin  till'  |(nint.  I '.III  iiT  I  In' wirck  is  still  \  isilili' at  low  \\att'r(lS  ().  'I'liisnii' 
I' .1  ■■iiniis  iiiniarf  In  vrssi'ls  llial  liil;;  llii' mast  in  rn;;;;y  utatlni,  i  s|n.('iall\  as  tlic  srl  of  ||ii. 
■  .|i|\     iNlinii'  I'lirii'iit  at  this  |ini  lit  is  low  aids  till'  Mint  II  iioiilirast  (N  N  I';.), 

I  III  III  till'  .son  ill  .sii  If  lit  till'  I  ml  II I  ('iii|iiii's  till'  S.iiita  i'm/A  'irck,  with  a  Inoad  sami  licarli  cast 

.1  i!h  ifiiilUli,  oil' wllirll  lies  till'  l.'l  Cm:  /I'.ir/,,  t.iitx  (.|;;|it  jict  lli;;li,  ailil  lolliiili;;  I  lif  I'M  li'lliity  ol' 
III  i'V|iiisi'i|  iii.r.stii'iiliiii;;  .siintlirast  I'loiii  I  lir  sIiom'.      I  Is  sniit  liwcst  cxt  ii'iniiv  is  loiii  linnilrt'il  ami 

lili>  \  iiils  oil  slini't' ami  lii'stwoami  tiM'si\tlis  milrs  iinrili  l'orlyli\i'  il(';;rri's  wr.st  iN.  I'l  W.) 
iiiiii  I'liiui  I'li'dias  I'llancas  l.i;:lil.     In  Mt'ci'inlicr,  I.S.M.  tld.s  nxk  sliowcd  a  Ion;;iilat!k  liasc,  and  a 


"lull  .  I.ll 


lirr  sliai'|i  pointi'd  top,  wlini  .st'cii   I'loiii  tli«>  sniiiliwi'stwai'd. 


liii  ii.  IS  a  lii'oad  s.ind  In-arii  I'oi'  one  tliinl  of  a  iiiili'  mutliwaid   lioin  tl 


II'  wi'.sioiii  fxircinity  of 

I'liiii!  .>ii  I'M  Nevada,  and  oiii'  .;ml  a  li.ill'  inilis  hurl  liwanl  of  liiis  point  tin'  San  ( 'a'poloio  Tu'i'k 
':ii|'i  •.  iiitn  till'  oci'aii.  This  cicck  and  tlio  Santa  Ciii/  aii'  Imtli  considi'ialili'  streams,  and  tlii'ir 
••Ills  ill' ml  down  dirp  lictwi'i'ii  tin'  lulls.  The  latter  inns  se\eli  miles  I'aslwaid  lietwceii  the 
iii'Miiis.iiiis  ami  tin  II  liinis  aln iiptly  lo  the  iioMliwi'st  lof  as  many  more  miles;  this  part  is  known 
IN  llir  I'Miiiii'tt  Canon. 

I'  'I   this  eoiiiparatively  low  ly  ill},'  'tea  hoard  tlio  stroii;,'  nortliwest   winds,  which  have  been 
"II.  I  iii.viawani  In  the  Santa  laieia  .     uinfaiiis,  sweep  with  j;ieal  violence,  and  constitute  this 


'  i.i  III 


e  "wind  {;ai>s''  of  the  coast. 


life 


Ihiiificrs. — T 
till'  .\ii-(»\()  San  ( 

I'lorii  ilii'cf  I 
ilrcil  .111(1  lirty  y; 
lin.'ilar  lioltoiii 

I  ivc  anil  a  li 
tlic  li'iitli  two  llll 


Thcr 


f   IS  il    /,» 


11    III, ITS    IIDI'tll     M 

iijsiili'  is  lii'okcn  t 
Tlicrc  is  a  //// 
«lirii   Caslro's    II 
iijMiii  II  ami  ili>(>|> 
I'.itliiHii  cili'Vc  lies 


WNW. 


it.     'I 


ilii'if  is  liiiik 
iHiks  .nil'  iiilli>  rasi 
Mii^iN  iViiiii  I'lHir  ; 

I'll'    llu'   Wl'Stf 

:"ii.\  ;. .inls  Iruni  s 

t  i.itir  iiiitsjilt'  tl 

A   rliisllhiii  llll 


It  I 


I's   ill    I'lUIII 


'}  iiiM   Ihlfc  i|IMI 
:lll  llnllsf  tl>«l' 


'M 


Till,  li 


llll\     Is    M 


li'iii'i'.     It  was  |i| 

ILnliih  Ciyilr 

V  I-     W  .),  iirarh 

.      :.!•  :in|||  sllillc, 

■i-'lii|i  waliT  am 


II 


,;lii>  liy  lipii\  \ 
•    I'  ,:;i'iU'rall\   In 
'   'iMrni   faci'. 
"■  liiniijicil  _\aril 
Till'  Hiitisli   . 
-'I  I'l'.!!-  VM  allici. 

'■  'l.iii;;cr.     \\||, 
'  iihIiii.'. 

•">>''/•((/    slltll,,  II 

"I'Inv.'st  (NW.)  |, 
-1''^  Ul'sl    (N.  ,-,1 


ll.v  llilri'  il 


lukcl 


,.M|,.,., 

I  Ki'oiini 


II'  III   .IIIM., 


N..;l| 


i».st\\ai( 


viati'i 


-ll  .11  iinv 

Niil  S|,.|.,.;,  X, 


'I  aiLiivaiir  iiiai 


iiiii  lilt 


.V  vanis  I, 


'"'III  I'miii 
''"'I  \iink 


Hi'iia 


'I'.'H     inrls  II 

■'"'  '"  'llll'  null' 

ili'lll   (lllc. 

"I'  iMu;;.'.!  I'., 
'  l""i  liaiiiin'tl  \i 


'r 


rACII'U;    COAST    I'lLOT. 


127 


iuiiificfs. — Tlio  smvc.v  of  ISSt  lias  ilfvcloiu'd  soini'  Iiiildoii  <laii<jois  lu'tweoii  San  Simoon  and 
;lir  A  novo  San  Carpoforo,  wliicli  arc  Iutc  dcsciiln'd  as  follows: 

I  uiiii  lliri't' i|iiarli'rs  to  one  inih'  Irorn  I'oiiil  San  Sinn'on.  noiii},'  nnrtliwcstuard,  and  six  Iinn- 
,li(il  iiid  lllty  \ai(ls  ,)ll'  nIkhv,  tlu'H'  is  nry  foul  bottom  with  lonrtfcn  to  (•i;;litt'i'n  IVft  of  water. 
Iiic'ilai'  liottoMi  sli'ftclics  ont  to  tlit>  ten  I'atlioin  line  at  tlii'c*'  firilis  of  a  milt-  from  sliorr. 

i  JVC  and  a  half  miles  sonliiwcst  of  the  I'ifdras  lllancas  Li^'lit,  tin-  bottom  is  slimy  nnid  and 
till' il' |itli  two  hnndrt'd  and  liftytwo  fathoms. 

I'Imic  is  a  foinlieii  I'lit  rml:  thicc  lifllis  of  a  mile  olf  the  shore  towards  ("astio's  llonsc,  when 
II  liiMi's  north  nineteen  dejjrees  east  (N.  1!!'  K.).  It  has  six  fathoms  ontside  it,  but  the  ((round 
iiisiilr  is  broken  to  the  thi'ee  fathom  t'nrve  close  to  it. 

Tliere  is  a  tlnrraitd  o  nnnrtif  futhoms  spot,  with  liroken  i)otlom  half  aniilc  broad  olf  the  shore, 
ttlnii  Castro's  House  bears  north  forty  three  dcirrces  cast  (N.  •i:'.^-' H.).  It  has  strafiKl'i'tf  l^^'U* 
ii|K)ii  it  and  deep  water  around  it;  nine  fathoms  outside  and  sc\en  fathoms  inside.  The  tbrec- 
l,itlii>iii  curve  lies  lu-arly  half  way  in  towards  the  shoic.  Stra^rKlinj;  kelp  lies  to  the  west  nortliwest 
(\\N\V.)ol  it.     This  is  the  (Hllermo^t  hidden  dauKt'r  between  San  Simeon  and   I'iedras  i;ianeas. 

I  here  is  broken  bottom  and  iiimtirn  Jht  o/  iratcr  one  hundi'ed  and  tifty  yards  west  of  the  two 
in(k>. 'lie  mile  east  southeast  (HSlv)of  I'oint  I'iedras  Hlancas,  but  tho  water  to  the  scuith  and  east 
i,iii;:i'>  I'lom  lour  ami  a  half  to  six  fathoms. 

tMl'  the  western  side  of  I'oint  I'iedras  Itliincas  there  are /(co  .s»H/,rrt  »»i<7,v,  tour  huiulred  an<l 
l.iil\  ;, ,iids  Irom  shiu'c.  with  loiirteen  feel  of  water  and  less  upou  them,  and  six  and  seven  fathoms 
ii|  u:iii'r  outside  them. 

A  'rlii\tliii;i  liiiiii/  with  /(/(((■/.•  ami  irliitr  iirrpcndloildr  slriins  lias  been  nioored  otf  I'oint   I'iedras 

lll.lll.M^. 

Ii  liiN  ill  fouileen  fathoms  of  water  over  hard,  sandy  bott(Mu,  tliree-ei;;liths  of  a  mile  southwest 
'>\  ur-i  iliiee  ipiarteis  west  (SW  .  by  \\  .  j'  W ,)  fioni  the  (lieat  I. ion  Itock.  It  is  in  ian;re  with  the 
li^lii  limise  towel-  Jii.st  open  to  the  northward  of  !lu'  hi;;hest  part  of  the  rock. 

Tlie  buoy  is  sounded  by  the  action  of  the  sea,  and  Ki^'''"*  from  twent.v  to  thirty  blasts  in  each 
Minute.     It  was  iilaeed  .\u;;u>t.  iSS.S. 

Ihnlirli  ('<iW/,'  /I'or/,-.— This  dan;;er  lies  in  the  thiee  niilo  bijjht  north  forty  two  de;rrees  west 
,N.  I:.'  \\ .),  nearly  oiu'  an-',  a  half  miles  from  I. ion  lioik  (I'iedras  Ulaiic;iM,  and  a  littl  o\er  half 
i  iiiile  iKim  shore.  The  rock  is  one  fool  above  low  water,  •  the  mass  of  kelp  in  this  bi;;lit,  and 
i;,i>  ill!  |i  «aler  aioiiiid  it.  theie  lieiii;;  not  less  than  six  and  a  ipia.ter  fathoms  outside  an  area  of 
'i;lil.\  \f\  loit\  varcls  w  liich  embraces  the  rock.  This  area  has  twelve  tosixteeii  feel  ot  watei' o\  cr 
i'.  It  ;.;iiii'rally  iueaks  on  the  rock,  which  risi's  steeply  (Ui  the  west  side,  and  is  ncaily  vertical  on 
!l»'  i.isii  III  face.  There  js  t'oiil  bottom  in  the  kelp  tield  four  hiiiulred  yards  northeast  (NIC)  and 
iivi'  liiiiiilii'ii  \, I  Ills  north  of  the  Harlech  Castle  I  lock,  w  ith  eij;:]iteen  feet  of  water,  and  peihajis  less. 

Till'  Biilish  ship  lliiihrl,  (iisthw.is  I'un  u|)on  this  rock  in  .\u;;ust.  l.'^fiM.  in  broad  da\li;jlit 
.iii'l  ill  .11  wcatlici,  lid  made  I'alse  reports  of  tiie  eireninstances  of  the  wreck  and  the  position  of 
;iii' il.iii-i  r.  When  the  Co.ist  Surx'ey  jiarty  exaiuin''.i  tlie  locality  the  vessel's  nuists  were  yet 
Maiidiiij. 

S<',,,il  xiniLiii  rochs  witli  fuurleen  feet  of  water  on  them  lie  on  the  outer  edj;c  of  theextreme 
'i'Ullitt.  st  (NNV.i  |ioiul  of  the  Harlech  C.i.stle  liock  kelp  lield.  The  outer  one  bears  noi  tli  lllty  one 
il'^iiis  ui'si  (.N.,")l  W'.),  di.-^taiil  two  and  one  sixth  nnlesfioiii  I'iedras  lilancas  liifjlit ;  and  smith 
liiutjiliiic  ili'^^recs  east  (S.  ;{.;  '  i;.i,  one  and  oiiesixth  miles  from  I'oint  Sierra  Nc\ada.  I'iside 
!!ii»  lii'iLiii  j;rouml  the  botttun  is  very  iircj^ular,  ami  thirteen  feet  is  Ibund  outside  the  thice- 
liiilhiii  .  !ir\e. 

N'Mhui'stward  of  Point  Sierra  Nevada  the  shore  liiu'  is  locky  with  broad,  locky  beaches  ex- 

I'll-"!  .1'  liiw  water.     .\t   one  and  a  half  miles   north   thirty  three  dc;;recs   west  (N.  ,'i.i'  W.)  from 

I'". lit  sii-rra  Nevada,  and  seven  huiulred  \ards  otf  the  shore,  there  are  liiidhrrs  unit  .sinihiii   nnhs 

'I  .III  Ilea  of  nearl\  our  hiindied  .iiid  lit!  \  y.inls  sipiare,  with  deep  watei-  around,  and  ten  fathoms 

111  !iiiy  \arils  in  the  west.     And  at   two  miles  north   twenty-seven  decrees  V';..st    (N.  L'7     W .) 
"Ill  I'l'iiit  Mii'iia  Ne\aila.  and  si\   liiindred  .^ards  fiom  shore,  tlieie  is  another  pitch  ot  tnniLirs 
'""'  voi',,(,  /,,./,.'(  over  an  area  of  one  hundrid  and  lifly  yards.     There  is  deep  water  all  around  il. 
-iiin  '.,  ,,||,.  mil,,  beyond  the  .Vrioyo  .San  ("iirpoforo  tiiere  i.s  no  known  dan;;er  outside  the  three 
I'HIi 1 1  lie. 

"M  l.",i;;;;eil  I'oint.  which  is  half  a  mile  south  of  the  San  Cai'iiofoio,  tlie  visible  rocks  stretch 
""'  I'lii  liaudred  yiirds  to  the  west  ;  but  there  is  deep  water  bejoml. 


'4 } 


\     10  I  m 


t 


\  (I 


^} 


!  'ii' 


i    .r 


Wm^'W9r. 


- 1 


12S 


I'ACiriC    COAST    I'll.OT. 


[ill  lii'i'((iii 


.—On  ;lif  iMiliiT  fdiiiiiiis  I) 


risen  ilii  11'  i>  "11  iiii> 


Inn. II 


r  Ilic  ^t'lii'ial  cuiisi-cliiirt  from  San  Diego  ti>  Han  Tt  i 
(low  11  ill  till'  siiiaii  lii^lit  to  llif  iioitlnvt'stwiird  of  Point  San  .^i 


('(in, 


liiil  the  iciciit  li\(li(i.i;r.ipliif  siiiAcx  lias 


(1  I  lie  Idcalitv  to  1m'  <ian}.'«'nni8. 


I'liiiins    H'liiiiHs   .III 


■Imidi, 


Tlic  sill  V(\  ill;;  stcanicr  ripiiinl  flood  aiicliorap'  niult'i-  tiic  .sdiuj 


liMil   i'oiiii  I'lcdias  lilancas  in  lour  to  tiv.    lallioiiis  nf  water  over  tine,  {jiav  Nand.  will. 


east  si( 

Li^ilil  Ihhisc  liiMiiiia'  «''-l  liallsdiil 


.v;n|i|ili(S  aic  laiiili-il  (ii 

ImikI,  ulieic  tliiie  is  a  lair  Ima 


li  |\V.  .\  S.).     'Die  l,i;:lit  linnse  teiideralso  aneliors  lieic  iiiid  ihc 
I  the  litllc  licacli  easi  of  tlie  low  neck  tliat  eonneets  tlie  )>oint  with  tlic  m nn 


t  laiidiii;;  m  MiMxitli  weatlier. 
— Tl 


Id  Cru:   h'ork  .1  iic/ionii/c— i  lie  sill ve.\  ill;;    steaiiK 


tbiiiid   |>i(iteetioii    and  ninderatel 


aiii'liiiiii;;!'  MiHli'i 

Neva  la.     it  is  iiol  a  vciy  eointor 


llic  Mintlieasl  side  of  I.a  ('mi/  Itoek.  iiall'  a   iniie  sontlieasl  (Slvi  of  Point  Si> 


table  ancliorau'e.  lint  is  safe  in  onlinarx  north  west  weatlie 


r.      All 


i-hor  ill  four  lailioiiis  Willi  imler  poini   of   the  r( 


•k  lie.iiin;:  west    l>.v  south   (W.  li\  S.)  aiiil  I' 


Siena  Nevada  o|ieii  In  llie  inner  end.     Tli.  re  is  a  lucak  in  the  kelp  sonlhward  of  tlie  rock  alV 


in;;  a  '-Icir  |i.issa;;c  iIik 


iiii;li  to  the  anclioiaiic     i  I'or  de.'^criiition  of    I.a  Cm/  Koek  .see  iiauc 


Noiili  w.ird  of  1..I  rrii/  Kim  k  I  he  kcl|i  is  I  hick  and  the  lircakers  eMend  theiiee  aloo;x  ll 
to  I'oiiii  Sierra  Nevada  and  around  it. 

('iiniiil>!  I'll'  tht  tiiii.\t  null-  l'itilr<i.\  /.'/iiiiru.v.— 1  )iii  in;;  the  e\eeiil  ion  of  the  li,vdrot;ia|i 


wesiuaiil  (if  S.iii  Siiiicdii  ill  ihc  siiiiiii  cr  nionlhs,  a  clos( 


inshore  enrreiit    wis   found  sett  in 


norilica.-iw.ird  iNfi.j  aloii.:;  the  e( 

side  of  it  the  enireiif  was  scttiii;;  to  the  soiuheast ward  (Si;.* 


lasi  line.     The  breadth  of  this  sticani  was  about  one  in 


As  \  csscls  "eiiera'lv  keep  »i 


thill . I  iiiile  of  the  shore,  this  eddv  current  must  be  tak( 


eoiisiileiatioii.  especially  when  seekiiiL;-  for  an  an('liora;;e  in  thick  fofr. 


I     ■■! 


CdA.sl   IINK   NdKTlI    nV   I'lf.DKAS   ULANTAS. 

7/i,'  l.iiiiilfiill. — The  iiKiniitaiiis.  which  had  fallen  b.ick  behind  liOs  I'^steros,  ;;radiiall>  app     i^ 
the  cii.i.st   iioiih  of  S.in  Simeon:    .iiid   about   si\    to  ei:;hl    miles   northwe.st ward  of   the   I'l.iii,- 
IJlalicas  I  lie  rolliiii;  hinds  terminate  abrupt  !.\  at  the  b.ise  ot'  t  he  sniil  hern  aii;;le  of  the  .^I'l  n;i  >  n,:  i 
runs  to  JNiinl  t'armcl  and  forms  the  boldest   and  most  eonipaet  .shore  ini   the  <   i' 


lii'ic.     wjiieli 


/. 

loriiia  or  ( >re:;(m  coa>ts.  The  ran;;c  attains  a  ne.u  l\  uniform  e  i'\  ati<ni  of  four  thousand  fee', 
peaks  tow;iiiis  the  iioi  tlicrii  end  of  live  andcxcii  si\  lliinisaiid  t'cet,  I''roni  their  abi'iipt  fa.  i 
have  seen  cixades  falling  from  liei;;litsol'  Ibrlv  or  litty  feet  diicetly  into  the  .sea. 

The  two  lii;;liest  peaks  o|'  the  r.iii;;c  are  ''mi,   Moiiittnin  ( else w  here  referred    to  as  Tw  ii;  1 


and  Miiiiiit  Sontit  I. 


Ill-Ill.  \\  lie,'-  iioi 


ll  ol' <  ape  .'^an  M.iitiii.     The  lot  m      is  a  conical,  t  rce  el 


iboilt  li\i'  tlioiis.ind  !'.io  liiindreil  I'eet  in  clcNalnni,  aii<l  lies  in  l.ititiide  M'>    0.1 


lolI'M 


tilde  1.1 


and  ihice  miles  Ir the  i^  i-i  line.     The  I  ittcr  is  about  six  thousand  feel  in  eleviition,  lies  m  lali 

tilde  .111 '  (ISA  ,  loiiiiitiide  l.'l     _'."i'.  and  .iboiit    iii r  ten  niiles  from  the  coast.     The  latitm'.  ^  ami 

hm.uitmhs  of  linlli    ;iie    ;i|i|)ro\i|iiiile.       .\  deep  \.ilie\.  |i;irallel   Willi    the   coast    raiie:c,  lies  lie'Mril 

tiii'se  two  ;;ic;ii  iiinunlaiiis.     Mount  Siiiii.i  l.iieia  lias  ;;re;it  piiic  trees  (oi  and  about  its  doiil'M  lie.nl 


but  ihev  liiav  Hot  be  readilv   iii.iil 


e  ont  from  seaward:   nor  c:iii  this  doiible   head  be  made  out  thililj 


.sea w  11(1,  the  de|iressi(,ii  between  them  belli;;  Very  sli;;ht  and  .short.  Ill  (dear  weather  the  Iiii'illil- 
aill  should  be  >eeii  .it  ,i  distance  of  ei-lil,\  live  liiilo;  but  ll  is  not  .seen  by  tllC  Coil.slili;,' .sli  .illiii.<, 
as  tlie.\    ll-ll.iHv  keep  .ibolit  three  miles  iVolii  the  coast  line. 

(OAST  t  IM;    NdlMIIWI.SI  W  A1;|i    (iI     .s  A  .\    ( '  A  i;  f('pF(  lUO. 

Iic<':ii]„,|m|,,  is  ,1  dee|i  ca  lion- like  siicimbed  at   the  iioiihein  limit  of  the  hi-li,  rolli'-  ki 


IIOI  Ik  Vald    o|'    I'lrilM-    Id. Ill 


l.iicl.l       (III.'   ,i:id    .1    h.ilf 


I--,  and    Ilie  eoiiiiiieneement  ot'  the    ;^ieat    b.iirici'   of  llie    ^K  1 1  >  >  H'lil' 


miles  III  IVoiii  the  iiionlh  I'f  th 


Ihoiiviiid   lour  liiiiidr.'i   .md   nity   let   ele-alKiii.  ;  i,d    iIhii   tie  ciest  I 
iicarb  p.ir.illel  «ith  ihe  slmiv. 


r.ald   To|i  .Moillit:lin    li 


llie  inns  iiortliwi 


.\ller 


p.ivMlm  Ike  ('.ii|M.|nro  the  t  lijVs  In 


hllll'llcd    I'l  (Veil    Tui     lllllldted    leel    ;||,o\e   || 


(■(Hiie  \ei\   wild,  lilack,  and  Ja^;;<'d,  and  n- 
le  ^e.i  :    tlie\   are  \  e|  \  precipitous  and  do  Iiol 


l«0 

I  illy" 


t «»; 

I     Clll: 


In  ll 


.Sin...,!  l.,,>,.^,M^■,•v..,lu^  n,  lM'.j  I,,  c.l,,,!!,,.  „  |,.  ,,i..,.,.,|  ,1„.„,  n,  kollu.le  li 


ii'inlnr.  Icirj.  V 


ll'llll  I  lllllll 


I'l'i liiiiil  I  III  III  iIm-  S 


iirlv  M'viii  :o 


(I  a 


iirni  Saiii.i  l.ii,  ia,  iiiiil  »a\«  llicv  are  llie  iimiiuI  laiidlall    I 


111!    Ill-  lll.lll    III'   lliis   ll 


•111  iri'.'.i  I  ml,,  ij 
iiiiiii'd  lliu  lalitiiilij  iif  ll 


11'  I' u'l'ii.l  I'T  tin-  |,,,ii  iir  ll,..  ,,.,,M  .  c,,,:,,  ll,.  „,|.riiis  il,il)lai|a.s  de  niiirlia  arlml. 


Illi|,rli>  .-1  111',  |,all,\ 


ic  wHitlicni  loel  ,,r  ilii'  Siirra  .Saiiia  I 


■'" I"'"i  llii»   I'lOiicr.  .'iiiil  ji.  II  .\liyml  Ciiii-iiaii/.n,  llll- 


lll la  I'l     I.", 


a  ^ixiii  a|i]iriiNiiiiati(iii. 


Il£ 


1 

'     t     y*    Hafl 

i  i'  11 

1 

ait 


* 


lir 


.'  -^"^  ^"-v 


K  . 


r 


J-'^M"  -'   ■!     '•*- 


--y^-— 


f     ■- 


1*1111'    MlHllltHlll. 


K.irkv  Until'. 


I'icdras  HIuiuu.h  l.iglit-lluusc,  K..SE..  7  niilfn 


■'ig^mi 


Trt-p 


■^^ 


(IV^ti 


'   : 


^^^ 


\ 

i      ■ 


III    '!ll'  \Mltl 

mI      ii'  shiii' 

In    .  iIji'  Ii; 

riic   III 

III!:  'Ili'd   l('< 

|i>  -.  ;iltclil 
ill.  ,1  ;iic 
Inn.  Ilcic 
lii'M  !•>  .lie 
llii  -'■  lioiisc: 
■'^iiliiiiiii 
I'M  '  iiiiili  til 
111  li>>  tliaii 
:»  Siivfi-  I'l'; 
lliii'ii.i;li  till' 
1 .1 Willi 

till'  liinKcIl 
luii  IiiiiiiIi'imI 

II  I  l^l'S  to   till 
hoHiMT,     pl'll 

ImiUi'  Ilicrc  \\ 

liiillli  tiilt,V-t\ 

!1 ////,'  A', 

llll>  MM'U    Ill's 
Im  Ij til 

;iwii-li  at  low* 
li'ilt'  \\,\\  out  t 
ilivi'i'i-s  west  ( 
W'hitr  /.'.)< 
Iii-l  i,i-li.  It 
li.il:'  miles  iiori 
ii'iii.M'.      It  j,s  V 

III  l^lil  !>  ;;i\  ri 

ll  is  ilall;;i 
l.'"H-  N...  'Jill, 
lin\.-,i  lilies. 

V'irs  Mull 
li.ili'  li>|i|ieil  III 
i'i!>'  lnili'  11(1111  I 

■it  I'liiii-.is  r.ii 

'Hill  .1  liair  mil 
I  lie  p'li;;!- 

I.iitil 

I..M11; 

■'••iiri  r  I'ni 
.iir.il  niveleil, 
iliMili-  the  eiias 
i"li'l\  >i\  lei-t, 
111'-  I    illiwaril. 

I;  lies  elev 
'Ik-  l.i;;litluiii.s 

The  p'li;;!'; 

I.iiiiii 

I.iiIiH 

I'-'H     I'ulk 

'■"11.1  ami  Ih  111 
17211  IM 


rACII'lC   COAST   IMI.OT. 


129 


;it  I  lie  \vat»'r  liiu',  wlicro  tlicrc  is  iio  Itcacli  iiiid  but  fi'w  kidmII  rocks  visible  closd  in  sliorc.  Oiitsidw 
III  I-  slinif  till  rt>  is  a  narrow  line  uf  kelp  that  ri-aclieH  l'ni:ii  '.Urvu  iiniKlri'il  to  tivo  liiiiuli-i>«l  yanls 
ii.      ilic  liasc  of  tiu'  I'iitl's. 

riic  (list  t  ri'st  line  is  b  ss  tliaii  two  niilos  from  the  shoio,  and  avcraKcs  lu-arly  twt'iitylive 
In;  lic'ii  It't't  clcviition.  It  is  iiaiiiiw  atiil  sliarp,  \ci',v  i(>ii;;)i  and  ruck.v,  and  inarkfd  in  a  low  plai-i-s 
\>\  :ilt('i'in;;  pine  ticcs.  hccp  and  rocky  aii'oyos  ate  vut  from  tiit'  ih\hv  to  the  st-a,  and  manv  id' 
ii  III'  aliMiliiti'ly  impassabU-.  Thi"  main  trail  is  lonsiiiuiMdly  fori't'd  to  koc-p  alont;  the  cri'st- 
III  llcri'  and  tlii'ri>  on  tlii>  top  of  tin-  iliDs  arc  small  areas  of  moderate  slope,  and  i^cttleis' 
In  ,  .  >  .lie  seen  ill  ever.v  a\ailable  spot.  The  steamer  ea[>taiiis  learn  to  know  the  peeiiliaiities  of 
ii,i  -   lionses  as  tlie.v  skirt  the  shore  in  thick  or  very  stormy  weather. 

\iliiii>n  Cral;  opens  tliroii;;h  a  deep  j;(ir{;e  at  three  miles  from  the  <'arp()foro.  It  is  the  deep- 
i~t  <  iiiiiii  thus  far,  and  is  notable  as  breaking;  down  the  crest  line  from  twenty-tive  hundred  feet 
i.  I<  .^  than  one  thousand.  On  the  east  side  of'tliis  dcpiession  is  Mount  Mars,  and  on  the  west  side 
i>>u\er  I'eaK.  At  the  west  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  cafioii  is  the  loeky  biitteealled  Salmon  Cime; 
llih'ii;ih  the  depression  of  the  crest  line  is  .seen  Lion  I'eak.  A  lar^;e  body  of  water  tears  down  the 
r.iii'i!  witii  toriential  force,  and  at  several  hundred  feet  above  the  .sea  the  descent  is  so  sharp  that 
ilir  Ipiokcii  water  presents  from  seaward  the  appearance  of  a  hij;li,  narrow  waterfall. 

Sidmon  Veuk. — This  landmark  is  well  known  to  the  navit;atois.  It  isubold,  rocky  biitte,  onl\ 
lun  liiiiiilred  yards  from  the  shore,  and  is  situated  on  the  west  side' of  the  mouth  of  .Salmon  t'reek. 
ii  I  IMS  to  lour  liniidred  and  forty  one  feet  elevation  with  a  low  neck  immediately  behind  it.  It  is, 
liuui  vcr,  projected  bodily  a^jainst   the  hi;;her  mountain  mass  behind  it.     On  the  west  side  of  the 

■  tliere  was  an  old  ChiiuKse  lishiii},'  cam]i  and   landiii;;.     The  biitte  is  nine  and  a  half  miles 

I  fill ty  two  de;;rees  west  (X.  lli  -  W.)  Iroin  the  Lij;lif  house  at  IMidras  lilancas. 

U  //('/('  linck  .Vo.  1. — Nearly  half  a  mile  outside  the  slight  projection  Just  west  of  .  ..iinon  Creek 
Ilk  lies  out  in  comparatively  deep  water.     It  is  thirty  nine  feet  lii;ili  and  liasa  sli;;ht  patch  of 


I'liiii 


ki!| 


II    U.I 


till'  shore  side.     One  hundred  and  ninety  yards  to  the  westward  ot  this  rock  there  is  a  rock 
It  lowest  tides.     There  is  no  kelp  around  it.     The  kelp  alony;  the  clilV  shore  extemls  about 
\  out  to  White  Iiock.     This  rock  lies  nine  and  a  half  miles  noith  forty-four  and  a  quarter 
»est(N.Hi"'  SV.)  from  the  I.i;;lit  hou.se  on  Picdras  lilancas. 


White  Umk  So.  2. — This  rock  lies  close  under  the  cljtl's,  which  are  here  two  hiiiidii'd  and  (il'ty 
iiii  'iii;li.  It  is  two  and  oneei;;hth  miles  northwestwardly  I'rom  Salmon  Creek,  and  eleven  and  a 
ii.il'  iiiiics  north  forty-four  and  a  half  de;;rees  west  (N.  IIP  \V.)  from  I'iedras  lilancas  I,iy:lit- 
ImiiM-.  It  is  well  inside  the  line  of  kelp  which  here  extends  out  about  one  third  of  a  mile.  No 
111  i;;lil  is  ni\cii  tor  this  rock. 

Ii  is  danneioiis  to  yo  inside  the  kelp  alonj;  this  shore.  Uetween  White  Hock  No.  I  and  While 
Kmi  I.  Nil,  '1  tlieie  are  hiddi'ii  daii>;ers  in  the  outer  edne  of  the  kelp,  and  also  one  lock  awash  at  the 
!'n*i  --I  tides. 

l/.ic.i  .l/(iioi/*M».— This  is  one  of  the  peaks  in  the  crest  line  north  of  the  Carpol'oro.  It  is  a 
iMir  iiilipcil  biitte  about  three  ipiaitirs  of  a  mile  ea>t  ward  of  the  Saliiitm  Creek  depussion  and 
mil-  inllrlioiii  t  lie>||,i|'|..  I|  j.-st  \vciit\  li\  r  hundred  and  ci;;lity  ci^rht  feet  lii;;li.  I'loiii  the  I.ij,'ht  house 
i:  riiihas  lUancas  il  bears  north  ihirl.v  three  and  a  hall  det;rees  west  (N.  ;>.'>.l  '  W.),  distant  nine 


111  .1  half  miles. 

I  lie  {jeoniaphical  position  of  this  landmark  is: 

Liilliulc X) 


l.< 


itiiili' 


:!"    iiortli. 
I'.'l      ,11    :W  '  west. 


.iir.ii 


iirir  /'m//..— This  is  another  peak  '.if  the  outer  crestliiie  of  Siena  S.inta  I.iicia.  It  is  eliap- 
Mivcicd,  and  I'es  two  iiiili's  to  the  westward  of  the  Salmon  Creek  depression  and  two  miles 
ii-nii  the  coastline  abreast  of  White  l.'ock  No.  L'.  It  rises  to  a  hei^'lit  of  thirty  four  hiiiidred  and 
'111  i\  >i\  teet,  and  deep  pn^'es  run    from  its  .Miiiiiiiit  down  to  .Salmon  Creek,  to  the  ocean  and  to 


ii-ril 


iwari 


lies  eleven  and  a  half  iiiiles  north  thirty  four  and  a  ipiarter  ilej,M'ees  west  (N'.  '<'A[^  W.)  from 


'111'  l.i;;lit-hoii.se  at  I'iedras  lilancas. 

Tlie  t;eo};ra|iliical  •  .isition,  as  j,nveii  by  the  V.  S.  Coast  ami  Cicodetie  Survey, 
l.aiiiiiiir :t,-,'  ,^o  .|c, 


is: 


,(iii«i 


Hull' 


l-.M 


.'1 


riortli. 


/"'H   I'tiik. — This  is  a  Well  known  landfall   in  the  second   inner  crest  line  of  the  .Sierra  Santa 
1.1    iiid  Ih  more  paitiinlarly  noticeable  when  .seen  through  the  depression  of  the  Salmon  Creek 
17211  !•(• U 


m 


^: 


m 


t. 


%m 


j! 


m 


M 


i 


\i 


k;o 


oil  a  iiiui 


and  list'.-  I"  an  tu 


i',\(  ii'ic  ctiA.-r  I'li.iir. 


li  iioillicasi  hcariiifi.     It  lies  tlircc  iuu\  diic  tliiiil  iiiilfs  rinin  tlic  iiioiitli  of  Salmon  Ciii 


valioii  of  tliirtx  si\  liiiinlrt'il  and  ('ij;lit\  fcrl. 


'I'lic  ;;i(ij;ra|ilii(al  position  of  llir  peak 


■liiiiiinni  li\  llu' Coast  and  licodi'lir  Siirvfx, 


l.,iiltii>l<'. 

l.ol,"ilil,l,. 


;;;.    .Mi   .vj    imiili, 
l-.'l     I'.i    -Ju    west. 


The  Tii-in  /'Mi/,>i.--Tliis  is  till'  iiaino  };iv»'ii  to  ('one  Moiiniaiii  1)\  tlic  iia\  i;;atois  on  this  coii. 
As  scin  IVoni  ccilain  diii'ctions  it  pivsriits  lint  out' peak,  and  tioiii  Mount  Sania  laicia  tlicn'  is  i 
aiipcaiamr  ol  a  si'cond  peak,  lint  li'oin  tlic  sliorc  to  tlii'  inntliwc-l  and  soullii'a.st  and  I'lon^  si , 
wan!  a  si-coiid  peak    is  cicailv  madi'  oiil,anil   tlii'  Tuin   Peaks  lia\i'  liccoinc  a   iioti  d   kindniai 


that    IS   tici|iiili 


llv  visiliic  when   the    h)\vt'f  iiioiintaiiis  and   slioic  arc  hi(hU'ii   li\  thick   ha/.c 


snioUc,  or  luiidciati'lv  hiw  shore  l'o<,'s. 

Ilu'.v  he  ahiiMst  exactly  halfwav  hctwccn  the    I'icdras  I'diineas   and    the  Sin. and  onl\  Ihiii 
niiies   iroiii   the  sea.     The  outer  pi'ak    is  ,s|i;;htl.s  the  lower,  and   is  halt'  a  mile  west  of  tlie   piiii 
ei|i,il  cone.      X'essels    approaching;    llieni    Iroin    the    smitheasl  uaid    on   Ilic   il>iial  course,   pa^siii 
a  iii.K'onisiile  (.1  the  I'ieihas  iUaiic.is  and  two  oi' tiiicc  mile.-,  ollCape  .Smii  .Marl  in,  lirsi  niakethei 
I  Cape  S.in  .Martin  «  hen  lour  or  live  nides  iioilii\>est  of  the  I'icdras  Illanciv 


out  over  the  shoilldel  o 

heaiin.u  nearly  iimili   Ihiitv-ninc  de;:recs  west    iN.  .'!'.*  .  W.)  dist.ml  lueiitvonc  and  a  lialf  mil 

The  two  pe.iliS  are  then  estimaleil   to  he  ahoiit   two  (h'f;ices  a|i,iit,and  tlic  ca.sierii  one  is  app 


iImmiI 


one  (le"i( 


eiills  the  liiuhcr  and  sli;;litly  the  more  pea kt'd.  Tlic  de]iies.vi(in  heiwei'ii  them  isa 
Wlii'ii  tlie.N  aie  lu'arinj;  iioriiicast  three  ipiaiteis  east  (Nil.  ,  ll.  >  (or  alicain  on  the  usual  coni-i 
np  or  down  the  coast  i  thc.\  arc  .slill  well  separated,  Init  the  western  peak  has  ilsdistiiicli\  c  from  \>\ 
a  lower  nmiided  peak  eoiniii^  in  front  of  it.  In  this  position  a  \f>sel  sees  Lopez  I'oint,  a  nUi.i' 
talilc  land  alioiit  ci;;hty  feet  hi;:li.  on  the  coastline  under  the  Twin  I'eaks.  When  riinniiij;  |. 
the  tierlliwesiwaid  of  the  Twin    I'eaks  tlie\  appear  as  one  when    llicy  hear  altont  cast  Its  iiniii 

one  third  iinitli  d!.  liy  N,  },  N.)  with  a  si hler  of  the  raii;;e  eai\injr  tV(iiii  Cone  I'eak  to   i.npi 

Point    almost   jndiiif:  them.     I'roin  the  summits  of  the  pe.iks  iie.iil\  to  the  shore,  the  lace  ol   li^ 
raii;;e  is  eiit   liy  j:ieat  cliasiiis  and   iircscnts  a  w  ild  and   tcirili!y  broken   aspect.     As  the  sle.im.  > 
Oil  SI  hediile  Iniie  alwa\  s  pass  I  he  Tw  in  peaks  in    lheni;;lit  it  has  hi^eii  dilhciilt  to  oliservc  detail- 
I'lrin  I'dil:   ('••n. —  i'liis  is  the  name  of  tlic  cove  imiiicdiatels  under  the  soullnvcst    ilaiik   .1 

the  'f  W  III  l'e;il,s  Miiilllt  aill. 

I'liisl.itt   /,'(!(/,  isei-hty  four  feet  aliovc  lii,i;li  water;    it  is  at  the  southeast  point  of  the  Pae;ii. 
N',ille\  Landing;  ill  Tw  ill  PeakCoxe. 

I'ii'i  i:t(uio>  or  the  M(r  /Vii/,,  tor  description  of  which  .see   Landmarks  at    Point    Siir,  ]ia::i 
l:;."..  I'.tl. 


M"iiiit   ('iiiiii(l.\\\w^  iHiiih   ihiitv  three  ile;:ii 


iViiin   Point   Sill,  rises  to  an  clexalii'ii  nf  four    tlniiisand   Iniir  jiun 

the  sea, and  is  visihle  sexeiny  liNciiiiles  Iri'iii  seaward.     It  lies  in  lalilnde  .'iti    '.M  0!     iioiih 


•^I   iN.  ■<■<     V.  I  .seven  and  a  (piailcr  1111! 
and    fourteen    feet    aim 


tilde  lUl 


1>     we.-t.     III  the  Cii.ist  H 


iiivey  tiian-iilalion  it  was  called  IJoiildcr  .Monnlain  h^ 


the  loiindiii;:,  treeless  siiniiiiii  is  I'livcred  w  itli  yrcat  ii<'iildei> 

hisri-iiilinii  .;/'  Ilir  .slmrr  lliu  .  —  A  detailed  desciipiion  of  the  .shore  li 
ward  (il   pMiiif    Pii'ilia-   I'.l 


lie  imincdialch  •••  ". 


streirli  from  .'sail  Carpotnio  to  C 


iiie.i>.  as  tar  as  .Viiomi  San  Caipolmo,  has  ahead 


y  111  en   yn  en. 


Point,  jiivi  .soiiih  of  Piiiiit  Snr,  has  lieeii  1 


tlieiet'nie  a  rea^oiiahl V  close  desciipiion  ca 


t'Coniloilered, 


II   lie  l;I\  ell. 


•"I'llli    Piiilit     Piiilia>    lllaiiea>  the  eoasl   trends  iiDiiliuest    III 


piaileis  west  (N  \V.  ,'  \\ 


lift\  seven  miles  in  an  almost  sli,ii,-lii  line,  thi.Mimrse  passiii-  I  luce  miles  ollt^ide  Cape  San  M. 
at  sixteen  miles,     {"loiii  Point  I'icdras  p.laiieas  to  Piiim  Sm  the  com 


wot  ,N.  .".r  \V.  ,aiid  the  dislaii 


se  is  noiih  lifi\  lour  di  : 


Suit, 


1  e  ill,  ,y  I  l;:ht  and  I  lilee  ipial  leis  mile 


//,r,,/._I',,||,,u  jii^  Iheeo.ist  nine  and  a  hall   milrs  fioni   Piedr.is  l! 


of  S.ihiion  Ci|.ek  Ciniiii.  wlneh    i.- 


tlie  soillll  >ide  of  .S.ilnioii 


Head.       riie    latt 


very  deep  and  crooked,  and  opens  npun  tl 


aiicas  is  the  1 

le  {'nasi  cliise    lili 


poiiii  ii.-.in;:  (lifeen  Inn 


er  I-.  a    preiipiioii>  he, id   fi 


nniii"   a   simlill 


idled    feel    ali.ive    tin 


pii.ji 


moliiil.uiis   eliiM'   lirhiiid    II.      This   lirad    1 

'P'arier  miles  iroiu  i'oint  Siena  Nevada. 


MM   III  one  <pi. liter  of  a  mile,  with  slill  hiL'her.  1. 


lis  nmlh    ihirlx  live  ile;;re(,s  west  (N.-Ti^  \V 


.sl.\   a  I 


One  mile  to  tl 


feet,  oiil\  ijlic  liall  a  mile  floii,  t||, 


le  llorthlKiltliwest   from   it,  Snd.i   Mniiiit; 


three  tliiiiis.iml  time  hundred  and  seveiitvlive  I 


hole;  Si  her  P.ak,  I  wo  and  one  ihini  miles  I 


111  rises  to  'wenly  live  liiiiidied  an 
o  the  iioilh.  r>' 


Tin,  irlnl,    ,,„/,.,  |j,.  1|,|| 


eel ly  one  and  one  tl 


feet  hi-ii.     'Ilie  soillll 


I  a  mile  iilV  ilie  .slmre  abreast  S.iliiKin  lie, id       I'l 


lird  miles  IVdiii  III 


ii'\  are  each  abmil 


'■ '"•  '"■-  ''l'""^'  I'"' piarters  i,r  a  mile  soiiil,  o|  (I,,.  I,,.;,,!    and 


live  ..mI 


IFT 


y^ 


VUi' 


m 


'1 

i! 

-^M 

^H 

^  1 

(.1 

^     :;)!'' m9 

1 

!i!i 


i 


w 


m     ^^''fl 

n 

f^           7:,!:||lMy 

..y:-' .*']|B| 

fl:    ''|B 

j ''9HB^^^HHrn| 

f\\         •:'    ^^'^'Sjt 

i-^^                :    i  M  i 

iji                                                                                  i  tJC^^RrHlMll- 

1 

■ 

!.       9 

1                           •1.;!; 

i^ 

,.-''^1  _  -  -r'. 


vi.; 


"*^^ 


^-:"'-*^. 


/ 


y   ^ 


h.  /  .'<?• 


'<^  ff! 


■^;-/   \ 


< 


t    -X 


i .-..      X 


Till"  Twiim,  5,lijt)  fe«i.  K  NK.,  II  uiilea. 


■•*M-.Hk . 


rill-  r«  HIS,  III  liiif,  j,  luu  lilt,  K    i  .v.,  14  iiiijp 


■■V>*: 


Tilt'  TwiuH,  opt'iiiii^    K,  t  S. .  I  "^  I 


01 

ill 


k. 


J..  4 


i  Ji^ 


I    i- 


I 


II 


.V 


n 


I'l  V 


' 

; 

i-!' 

'i'i'1 

■ 

,1 

1* 

JL 

W| 

?l| 

^ii 

;!,■  -y 

■  1 

■M 

'  i 

:  li'i 

i;*! 


i,iiM 


'  h\ 


H^A.^ 


•'-"^      \'^»^: 


.,..   n.>'4^. 


^^'^*%.W^       ..<••"  ~^^*^'. 


\ 


T'i 


I,     '"X^- 


Vt.  .J-<S^' 


riif  I'winH  Ci>v6 
Ni;   }  N  ■  '■  n, Ill's  ■   rcirk  :i  mill 


►  ''     '  V  , 


^V.,^-' 


\ 


•<k 


n; 


\  7- 


-'V- 


X 


.4 


I  hr   I'Miii*.  ...pill  fi.-i,  N  SV.     lU  mile 


# 


rE< 


in 


■  '1  '*» 

■  1  ■■      ;■ 
i 

,1 

r*!:^ 


:i       ! 


;Ji 


'^'1^^  i     ';, 


.    i 

't-  ill 

1 

I    ! 


'1' 

1                        .        !    :     i 

II 

r 
II    ' 

1 

i 

1    ul 

1 

1    •'■ 

i 

! 

iJM 


*'*H*^. 


;M4t,M 


5^g;A^a^'^[j-w^;^^^v..jjaiji-a^  i"ik  .,.?"!& 


La  Cruzlui.k.  imrili  .if  I'lr.lr.'is  lilancHH, 
1  null'  off  mouth  »(  Arroy.i  Nmidi  Cm/..  N'K,  }  \  ,  U  iiiJIitK. 


I'it'ilras  Hlaiu'UH  Li^jlil-hiiuei",  K.  liy  H..  7  iiiilt-M. 


Point  PiedruH  BlaiicaN. 
y\v   l,y  \V.  t  W 


^u.iff,'' 


Capti  Sun  Murim. 
NW.i  N.,;14  iiicl..». 


I'oMit  Kileros  Uiilx" ; 

Poiul  Katttrua,  K    by  8.,  S  iiulfn. 


p5j 


ttffi 


fei^ 


f'  ■  M  . 


•1? 


nx"        :'l' 


J 


il 


'V--- 


— ^y 


■  /  ■    • 


/ 


Sau  Martin  Rock,  VM  feet. 

Cape  Sau  Martin,  NW.  J  N.,  ai  n„ies. 


■\,    ■  %* 


,.k-~*-  •  *■ 


.'*>'" 


Rnek,  l:i4  fpct  T,     „, 

""*  l«l'i»,  .1,100  ffpl,  i",  riiiliH 
tapi'  .•Mill  Murtin,  \.  :u  -  W.,  17  miles 


i*- 


wsmM 


11   : 


*     I 


M 


:  f 

'  ..'-1 

i 

i  .,   ■!  . 

1 

!« 

ul^^ 

i 

^;  ^ij 


i 


I!  -f 


i^i-  , 


i  R 


I'icu  blancu  (bitHJuiit  ili'^apptarciJ) 
ti.Wd  IVi-t,  NW..  :W  iMi!.».. 


,«fe,  J^;-«r.«i^5S^:'. 


The  Twins  and  Capo  San  Martin, 
N.  i>y  W.  f  \V.,  I'j  niUtw. 


r 


he  TwiDHand  Capo  San  Martiu, 
N.  l>y  W.  f  \V.,  ID  niUtig. 


■'% 


\^/i" 


.>*■'*•' 


I'laNkett  i{<i('l(.H4  r««'t.         Snii  Martin  Kotk,  |:<-I  f»<  i 
Cjini'  .Sail  Marlin,  N.NW.,  lU  uiilot. 
Tlit<  T«  iim,  r>,l(iu  fet-t,  N.NW.,  Irt  iiiiltm. 


iW^ 


T 


-""•"^   '  • 


.^MA 


i'uij  itIuMi  (I  ,  han  jiiHt  iliKugigk.  >4  fix't.         Sun  Martin  Kmk,  \'M  feit 
•I.  N.NW  ,  Irt  uiIImi. 


:l-f 


i 


H      t 


'  *lyA'  ■^W.'  ■*.,^ 


V. 


V 


Li>|ii7.  Kock,  iliataiit  !  m  ;.■ 
Tlie  Twins,  iiJCO  IVut,  ij  mUis. 


8u>i  Mttrtiii  Kix'k,  i:i4  ri>t<t. 
C.n\u'  Sum  M.irUci.  SK.  by  K  i  K  ,  U  inileB 


r'^---"^ 


■  K  ^  ■'I**      •  t 


riie  Twiurt,  :".,10»i  iVft.  M;   1,^   N,  j  >;.,  <j  uii|,-h. 


'_*il*fcS 


Till-  Twiiin,  „,lni.  t<!.'t,  N    }  1  ..  1.1  iiiileM. 


'i:M 


I  !  lit'  I'lilcs 

«'r  illiT  I'dck 

Is       llllllll       (\\( 
ilMil.        TllC   M 

.iiiil  iiliiiiit  lii 
.1^  'he  sciillit 

III    III    IMII'tllU 

iil--I:lMl  six  ;ll 

lil't  Wl'Cll 

iiiii  -trfMiiis  I 
Cl'i-i'  iiiidi'i' 
hji.  ■I'lu'i-c 
(  i..lx  M.iiinl 
-:;  I  ulil  liiif 
*  iiic  iiiiU 
>i  uii  liiiiiilrci 


I    IlllltcCIl 

'I  ('.ipf  Sun  ' 
III   thii'c  miles 
W      Iiiiiii  Ihc 
S.  III!     I'!.)  iVu; 

-A    li  I'l    llcVill 

■  n.i~i  r  iiiyc  cr 
rmiii   till' 

-"Miill'lll    |MI|llt 

-liiil..      Tii.Tc 

-:ii.ii.  clMn  iij;; 

I'lic  11(11  III 

I  he  ;:i'iij4i 

l.alit 

i;iil  Irniii  the  ( 

I'icill 
I'niMt 

S'lii  Miirlii 

lIlIM'  Alf  Mlllll 
'•|i  .III    oil'    tlic     1 

"iitliiii',  ami  ic; 
'■'■II'  lirtccii  \: 
I  I  t  lie  \  ii'i 
I'l'i^v  Willi  ti-rri 
iiii.U  the  lucky 
'■HI.      IIVC'II   uit 

/''"','/'''    IM'i 
>■    •      lie!  Id'  (■; 

■■UlllClll    |l; 

";is  visilil 

'■iai-l>  Kirk,  iiml 
•"■A  -^li'. Illicit  ki 
tllCIl  lull.  ;l   ijiiii 

<  ■<.n'K  n„lr 

•  ■'iiiii'tl\  I'll 
'  '!■  '        "iialiiiii  III 

"•:  ■  -.11  J'.-iiii  I' 


^ 


rACII'IC    COAsr    IMI.nl.  131 

A  !  ill' miles  iiortli  tliiit.v nine  il' ;.n('i's  west  (N.  .".M  '  W.)  I'lorn  Point  Sicirii  Nt-vailu.  TImti'  aro 
~!i;  ill)  T  locks  strclcliiiit;  mil  Inmi  it  lowauls  liic  iinilliucsi  I'lir  liall'  a  iiiiU';  llic  (iiilcr  oiu'  (if  tlii'st', 
I-,  iliiiiil  Iwflvi'  feel  almxc  wain,  am!  has  a  ixiio'p  (Ui  llic  ln|i, -^ii;^;;!'?,!!!:;;  the  idea  oj' a  ;;i;jaiitic 
;.  I  I.  Till'  sciM  111(1,  or  iinrilii'i  II,  wliiic  roik  lies  a  lilllc  <>\v.  uiic  iiiilr  In  I  lie  iKirtiiwcst  of  till'  i'oiiiier 
i:  <i  .iliiiiit  liall'a  iiiilc  oil  sliorc.  It  is  cstiniati'il  to  lie  alioiil  liliy  liil  liiiili,  liiil  not  ipilli'  so  lai'};(>. 
.1- '  !;!•  s{aillifiii  Kick.  It  lies  olV  tlic  (ace  of  till'  lciiilicali,\  |iicci|iitoii>  iiiomilaiiis  iVoin  Saliiioii 
II.  mI  iiortliwcslwaiil.  I"iiiiii  I'liiiil  r.icira  NcNadail  licars  innili  liirl.s  one  ilc;;ri'»'s  wot  (N.  IP  W.) 
fji^Miii  six  anil  two  iliiids  iiillcs. 

Ilct  wccii  Saliiioii  1 1  cat  I  anil  the  soul  hern  jiarl  of  Cape  San  Mai  tin  I  here  are  lliree  short  iiioiint- 
jiii  ^Ireaiiis  that  eiiiei  through  deep  caiioiis — the  liiickeu' < 'anon,  \'ilhi  Creek,  and  Alder  Creek. 
(  !i'M'  iMKler  the  shore  on  tli.'  south  side  of  Aider  Creek  Canon  there  is  a  w  Idle  rock  about  (il'ty  I'eet 
[,  _'i  'I'liere  is  a  raiwh  lioii^e  on  the  iioilh  side  of  ihc  eahon.  'i'he  Nireain  heads  u|i  under  Alder 
(  i.  rk  Mount  aiii,  w  hieli  rises  t<i  I  luce  ihoii  ami  li\t'  hiindii'd  I'eet  at  two  and  one  lliiid  miles  in  a 
-:!  I  uht  line  I'roni  the  moiiiii  of  the  canon.      The  cafioii  is  lull  of  lai):e  redwood  liees. 

<  iiie  mile  to  the  muihwoi  ,,{'  this  e.iuoii  is  the  soiiihern  pail  of  Cape  Sun  .Martin,  Iweiitv- 
M\i  II  hundred  and  six  feel  above  the  sea, 

CAPE  SAN    MARTIN. 

I'oiirteeii  miles  northwest  fi(tin  the  I'iedras  Illam  as  the  sdullu'rii  part  (d'  the  bold  headland 
'I  I  ipe  .San  .Martin*  makes  oiii  as  a  w  ild,  precipiioiis  spin- of  the  mountains.  It  presents  a  I'loiit 
•  ']  'iiiee  miles  in  extent,  and  the  middle  pari  i>. sixteen  miles  north  l'tu't.\  four  de;rrees  west  iN.  IP 
W  iioiii  liie  I'iedras  I'dancas,  and  lliiit\  three  and  oneipiarter  miles  south  sixt\  dejriees  east 
S.  iiii  i;.)  Iioni  the  Siir.  .\l  its  soulhein  aiii;le  this  lieadlaml  rises  to  tweiits  .se\en  hundred  and 
-,\  Mil  elevation  at  less  than  half  a  mile  from  the  shore.  It  is  a  massive,  broad  slioulder  of  the 
.1,1-1  1  iiij;(' crovNiliiij;  (low  II  upon  the  ocean. 

I'loiii   the  shore,  the  1  linked  and  ab.iost   inaccessible  mountains  .stretch   noillivv  anl    from  the 
~.  iHii'in  point  ol'  tile  he, III,  lisiii;^  |o  llnrlv  (iiie  hiindii'd   feet  III  one  and  t\\o  tlii'ds  miles  from  (he 
l,..ii  .     There  is  said  to  be  an  anchoiaue  under  the  sinitli    side  of  the  cape,  bill    it  is  only  a  lee  for 
-!,ii    er.ift  a;;ainsl  lieavx  iioilhwcst  winds. 

riie  iKUlh  point  of  the  cape  loiiiis  the  soulheiii  limit  of  the  I'acilie  Xallev  Cove. 
I  lie  ^;eoj;i.iphieal  position  of  the  midille  ol   the  Cape  is: 

1.:ihliiil-. ;:i     .'.:!     l.".     mirlh, 

I ^ilu.li' |-.'l     -Ji;    111     wrsi, 

i:iil  Irom  the  Cape  we  have  the  follov.  iiif,'  b('aiiiiy;s  and  distances  to  important  points: 

l'i(ili:i>  lilaiii  ;i-  l.i^'lil-lioMi'i' S     II       i;.  ilisliiiil    ir.    mill's, 

I'liiiil  Siir  I  inniuiM  il   lijjjil) \.   ('.I     \V.  ili-t.iiit   :t:4  mill's, 

Siiii  MiiiHn  lixil. — Oil   the  cape,  and   for  two  or  lliree  miles  aloir,;  the  shore  to  the  northward, 

ill!  H   are  I  iimcrons  i(icl,s  cIiksc  under  the  shore.      Iliii  San  Mailiii  Hock    lies  two  thiids  of  a    mile 

1'  111  niV  the    iini  tliei  11  pall    if  the  cape.      It    is  m  smiiU  rock ,  siia I  p  point eil,  some w  hat    conical    in 

"M;;:iie,  and  reaches  a  liei;;lil  of  one  hiiiidred  and  Ihii  l>  four  feet  ^.bovc  lii;,'h  water,  from  a  base  of 

I'li'ii!  Ilfleen  \ards.      It  istheClcat   White  IJoek. 

Ill  the  \  icinits  (>f  (  ajie  San  .Mailinlhe  inilhwcst  winds.  lbllowiii«,' the  trend  of  tin  shore, 
■'  \wth  terrilie  force,  and  the  sm.illcr  coasiiiii;  stc.imer .,  I'l.and  iiorihu.iid,  ate  coiiipcllcd  to 
I.  Ilie  locky  (ailline  of  I  he  coast  very  elosely,  ^jeiiciall>  keepi  about  lliiee  cpiarters  ot' a  inil(> 
il.     K\ili  with  these  .stron;;  winds  the  swell  is  ii,)l  liea\y,  and  ,.,  •  w.itei    is  very  bold. 

h'iniiir  iicmV  Cape   San    Martin.  —  In    May,  bS.S.'i,  a  rock  was  reported   about    live  miles  north- 

>i-i  iiiil  of  Cape  San  M.irlin.  and  oiie  mile  (but  probubl,\  less)  olV  shore.     This  wdiihl  place  it   at 

"■ -iiiitheiii  part  of  Coxe's    Hole.      It  was  at  the  lime  of  ordinary  low   water,  and   the  top  of  the 

1.  \vas\isiblca  foot  abo\c  the  water  as  the   lar^c  swells  would    roll   in    liom    it.      It    is  a    small 

■  '  I' i>  lock,  and  the  bicik  upon  il  was  at  liisi  mistaken  for  a  whale  ■-pout  iii'.;.     Many  of  the  coast- 

I-  -icaiiieis  keep  close  in  here  to  a\oid  the  force  of  the  wind  and  sea,  and   this  rcparted    rock   is 

Mu'ii  lore  a  daiiKcr  to  them. 

'  'ij'i'x  II„I,<  iir  I'll,  i/ir  \'(ill,ii  r,.r(,— This  is  a  bi^^ht  lyin.14  to  the  norlliwaiil  of  Cape  San  Martin, 

l'irhii'il\  iiil'i'il  I'liiihi  (I, Mil:!,  rill- 1.1', 111  IS  mil  till'  (\i|'i'  S:iii  Mnriiii  ul  I'iiIuiIIh.  t.'il-.'.  alllii)ii^;li  iiaiin'il  111 
'"!'■  miiiluMi  ..r  |,iM  ili-iiiM  i> .  I  ill'  |iiiiiit  111' sii  iiamrilwiis  till'  iioitli.iii  1  Alii'iiiilv  iif  llir  Siii'ia  Santa  l.mi.i 
"'■'■'■  ■  .It  I'wiiil  Caiiiii  I  t'V  T'liiii  I' -, 


!!■ 


Mi 


tfl   ,    ■("  1  ■!.  I 


|M|i,|i 


m 


%■ 


.» 


W'**^'^ 


I  ■  x, 


■M 


l; 


rAcii'U'  coAsr  'MLor. 


,1  liotwoiMi  it  ;iii(l  I,(M>i'Z  Point.     I'lom  ("apt'  S;iii  Miuiiii  ti>  Lojuv.  Point  flio  bt'iuinn  is  iiorlliu, .^t 


aiK 


llV   Wl'Sl    I 


t  ,N\V.  l.v  \V.)  Mil 


il  tjic  ilislaiici'  six  :iiiil  a  IimII'  miles.     Tlu'  siioic  rctii'at.s  twci  miles  t 


|>  Ihi' 


oa.stwartl  oltliis  line  and  tmiiis  an  anc 


liora};!'  in  stioiiL'  nortliwcst  winds.     Tlic  .sliori'  line  i.s  Imi  i,,,  ,| 


liv  llif  liasc  i>t  till'  clilVs  wiiicii 


lioidci  a  naiiow  talilc  land  at   the  l>as<'  ol   tlu-  sici'p   inoniii. 


'I'iiis  iiii's;i  is  tniiii  sixty  tcMinc  liiiiidicil  t'ci't  ;ilii)vc  llic  watfV.     Ncailv  in  tlif  middle  of  this  ln^lii 

is  tlie  iiiiMilli  ol  the  dee])  ••  l.'edwi.od  t'afion,"  wliieli  1 ds  lii;,'li  in  tlie  nnnintains.     ()IV  the  iii.iiili 

iiltlie  (Mi'ioii  there  is  smiiniei  aiichcMa^c  in 


on  a  samiN 


lieai'h.     'I'liiTe  are  a 


MX  Id  eiiilit  (atlioins  of  water,  witli  a  pmd  l)i)at  lai 
lew  lionses  and  .1  seliool  honse  lien'.     The  remains  oC  an  ohl  i 


were  still  stamlinji  in  iss:..     The  (Mfion  i.s  densely  wmitled  with  line  redwood  Iree.s,  ran};in;r  Ii.mi 
six  to  Ibnr  lei't  in  diameter  and  tun  limidied  I'eef  in  height. 

Lane:  I'liiiit.  ~Th\>  is  a  naimw  laMe  laii.l  or  terrace.  fiKhty  or  ninety  feet   liifili,  I'orinin-  Mm 


northwest  point  ol  (oxe's  Mole.     It  jnoji 


•Is  I'rom  the  base  of  the  monntainoiis  iidj;e  which  111 


hence  to  the  northward  and   then   sweeps  east   to  Cone   I'eak  orlheTwin.s.     Tliis  rid;.'e  a! 


tweniN  six  hnndrei'  ,iiid  twenty  li 


'\atioii  \Mthiii  one  and  oiie.i|iiarter  miles  liehii.d  the 


and  reaches  live  .lioii-Miid  one  hiiiicii'   :    cet  at  the  Twins. 


Lojie/  Point  lies  north  forty  seven    .cjirees  west  (N.  170  W.)  twenty  live  miles  from  Point  I' 
dras  lilancas.     Indcr  it  then-  is  ;,'ood  noitli\\i'>t   lee  ami  anchoratje  in  six  fathom.s.  hut  I  hen   :- 
l>oat  landing  nearer  tliaii   l.'edwond  ( 'anon,  tliiee   miles  to  the  east-.soiitlieast.     The  ;;eof,'ra|il  . 


position  of  til 


It  is  latiinde  .ftl    iMi'  I.",  .and  Inii-itiide  iL'l     .il    L"_* ' 


l.iiin:  U»il. — This  is  an  isolatcil  rock  lyiiij;  half  a  mile  oil'  shore,  and  one  ami  a  hall  1: 
northwest  from  Lopez  Point.  It  is  estimated  to  lie  sixty  fei't  lii;:li  with  a  base  alioiit  ten  yai.l 
extent.  This  rock,  lyin;;-  closi'  iiinler  the  shore  abreast  the  Twin  Peaks,  was  noted  as  liaviii:;  > 
caverns  in  its  s'wh-  as  we  (las.sed  within  one  mile  of  it  in  IST.'t. 

Till  l>i  ril's  Cniinii. —  I'ive  miles  aloiijr  shore  to  the  not  111  west  from   Lopez   Point  is  tin'  im 
of  a  dee])  canon,  witli  a  slif;htly  jirojectin;:  itoint  one  mile   to  the   northwest  of  it.     This  |  . 
leaches  an  elevation  of  thirteen  Iinndred  and  ci;:hty  feet  within  one  thirtl  of  a  mile  from  the  sin 
The  1  anon  heads  under  the  ciestline  of  the  ranj;t'  only  tvo  and  a  half  miles  liack  from  the  nI 

Aiiiliixini  in-  lint  Sjiriiiiis  l.inuliiiii. — This  open  and  nnpiotected  anchorage  is  h.ilf  a  mile  1': 
olV  ^hoic.  and  about  one  niiie  to  the  west  iiorthwi'st  of  Hot  Spiiii;;s  ("anon.  It  is  ei;;lit  and  1 
miles  iioithwot'Aaiil  fiiiin  Lope/  I'oinl.  ami  seventi'cn  ami  a  cpiaiter  miles  southeastward  ;; 
I'uiiit  Sill,  flic  iisii.il  anchorage  is  jii^l  outside  the  kelp,  ill  se\cn  fathoms  of  water  o\ei  1 
bottom.  The  lioai  landing  is  on  a  rock  lyiny;  one  hundred  and  ten  \ards  from  the  shore.  I'li 
is  then  moved  irom  this  rock  to  the  shore  over  a  wire  rope.  The  small  coasting' stt'aineis 
freij:lii  here. 

The  aiich(»ra;;e  is  maiki-d  'oy  the  month  of  the  Hot  .Spriii^s  Canon,  and  the  laiidiii;r  obi 
its  name  from  Ibiii  or  li\e  jets  (»f  steam  lisinj;  from  .some  warm  springs  in  the  canon.  Tlio 
\isilile  from  .seawar<i  when  a  vessel  is  close  in.  A  station  (Mi  the  north  side  of  the  eafioii. 
three  quarters  ot'  a  mile   trom   the   iiioiitli,  is   tlltecii   iinndred   and   .^lixty  feet  in  lieivrht.  and    I' 

Slide  .Station,  only  one  ami  two  tliird>  miles  to  tl astward,  is  tliiity  ei;,'ht  hundred  and  lilt) 

alio\  r  t  he  si',1. 

I'lom  the  aiicliora;:c  tiie  iii;^h  peak  named  Andcison,  only  two  and  a  quarter  miles  iiisid. 
shore  line,  uses  to  font  liioiis.ind  one  Iinndred  and  lorty  teet.  and  bears  north;   Itock  Slide 
east  by  north  [V..  by  Ni. 

J'liriiiiiil'iii  mill    West   l.miiliiiij. — This  open  aiichi>ia;.'e  is  nine  and  a  half  miles  from   tin 
and  tliii'c  and  ,1  ipi.iiicr  mile-,  southeast  of  rrcillci's  Point,  uhicli  {'.niiis  somewhat  of  a  pioli  . 
in  bieakiiiL;  llie  liea\  y  iioriliwesl  swell      Tlieic  is  a  small  iiiileiitalioii  in  the  shori'  line  of   1 
two  liiiiidied   \ards  In  briinlth   and  depth,  into  w  hicli   tlie  siii.ill  co.istiiij;   schomiers  are   h 
under  a  chute  iioni  the  clii 


Tlicv  lie  here  ill  li\e  fathoms  of  water  to  receive  tan  !iark,et< 


tlie  aiiclioiai;!'  i^  li.ill  a  mile  outside  in  tweUe  lathoins  of  water  oxer  rocky  bottom.  The  ai^ 
aj:c  anil  laiidiii-  are  coir-idered  ;;ood  dniiii;;  the  snininer  months,  p'roiii  the  aiielioraKe  Pie, 
Point  lie.irs  about  wc>t  tliiee  iinarters  north  (W.  ,'  N.),  and  tUms'c.id  station,  on  thecoa.st  1  1 
lies  about  iioiilnasi  half  noiili  (NI'.  A  N.).  distant  two  and  a  quarter  miles  from  the  slmi. 
iilul  risiii;.'  to  ajioiii  toiir  thousand  feel  elevation 

l'lii(lii's  /'id/ir—Tliis  is  quite  a  hi,::li  and  precipitous  point.  Ivinj,'  mnili  (ifly  fonrdc;;rce> 


(N.  .11     W.i.  foitv 


and   lliice  qiiirters  miles  from    I'iedras    lllaticas.  ami   south   si\t\ 


east  |S.  nil    H.I  SIX  iiiilivs  I tin   Siir,  but  tins  l.isi   course  passes  jiist   over  Cooper's   1 


Olll 


mil 


If  inilototlic  West  iioitliwest.     The  |ioint   faces  the  Nca  Willi  a  front   live  Imndic'l 


I'ACIKU;    t'oA.ST    I'lhor. 


133 


ill  li(  i^rlit  Mild  rniis  hack  iis  a  Rn'iit  riil};»',  ciirviii};  to  flic  mutlit'iist  iiiid  tlicii  oast,  for  (Ivc  iiiih'sto 
tin  -iiiiiiiiit.  of  Stat. on  (Hiiistcil,  tour  tlioiisaiid  fn't  aliovc  tlic  sen.  This  ii(l;;(«  risi'«  to  two  tlioil- 
jiiiii.l  li'i't  iiiioiit  one  iiiid  a  lialf  niilt>8  nortlit'iist  (Nl!.)  Ironi  tlic  |Kiiiit. 

I  III  till*  iiortli  .sidi>  of  tlu>  point  is  tlic  o|u>iiiii;;  of  a  deep  ^miIcIi  with  a  strcain.  FiidtT  tlio 
.sllllI^'  isf  side  of  tli(>  point  thric  is  a  ^ood  noithwfsl  Ut  iiiidcr  tlif  strep  clilVs.  Tlic  ancliora;;(>  is 
in  I-  'Ml  seven  t'  ten  fathoms  over  clav  lioltoin  at  the  outer  edi,'e  of  the  kelp.  Tlieri-  is  no  boat 
laii'l^ii;,',  on  iieeoiint  of  the  preeipitons  elllV.     T'liere  is  no  kelp  outside. 

(her  I'feillei's  Point  the  I'ieo  Itlaneo,  or  Snr  Peak,  rises  to  tliiitv  six  hundred  and  sixty  feet 
(HI  till'  lieariii;;  north  liv  west  three  ipiarters  west  iN.  Ii.v  \V.  ','  W.),  distant  live  miles. 

(oiipir'H  I'oiiit. — This  slifilitlv  projeetin;;- elitV  is  four  and  two  thirds  miles  southeast  liy  east 
oiir  .|ii.irler  east  (SI'',,  hy  10.  \  K.)  fioin  the  Snr,  and  one  and  a  half  miles  wcstnortliwi'St  (WNW  ) 
liiiiii  rieiller's  I'oiiit.  It  lies  just  inside  the  eoiirse  from  Tiedras  lllaneas  to  tl>  ■  Snr.  If  is  a  sharp, 
iiaiiiiw  point  with  precipitous  clitfs.  and  rises  ovcronc  hiiinlred  t'cct  almve  the  water.  It  stretches 
out  III  (lie  west  southwest,     Itchind  it  flic  rii}:;rcd  hills  rise  to  twelve  hiimlred  feet  in  three  ipiartcrs 


III'  .1   liilic, 


and  to  aliont  three  thousand  feet  in  three  miles. 


Iliildin  Ihinijir  i>()' CiKiiirr's  I'oiiit. — On  the  iirolonj;at ion  of  Cooper's  Point,  at  two  hundred 
yaiil--  distance,  i.s  a  lilack,  rocky  islet  (the  outer  one  <>''  ihrcel  one  IniiKlied  yards  Ion;;,  with  foul 
uioiiiid  and  lireakers  beyond.  Otitsiile  of  this  lies  a  si'iikcn  ruck  with  scveiitccii  feet  of  water 
iipiiii  it,  whicii  is  not  marked  In  kclji  Imt  ;;encrally  tireaks  There  is  a  depth  of  from  six  to  ten 
lith mis  close  around  it,  and  ten  f.itlioms  midway  lietweeii  it  iuid  the  rocky  islet  inside.  If  lies 
M\  liiiiidretl  and  twenty-five  yards  west  l>y  south  (W.  liy  S)  from  the  |ioiiit,  and  is  outside  the 
liiii'  |iiiiiin;r  Point  Snr  and  Cape  San  .Martin.  I''rom  Point  S  ir  it  liears  south  liftyci;;ht  and  a  half 
ill  -ii  IS  cast  (S.  .jS.V"'  V„),  distant  four  and  a  half  miles. 

line  mile  outside  the  piiiit,  the  depth  of  water  is  twenty-live  i'.'thoms;  at  two  miles,  sixty 
i.iiliiiiiis :  and  at  two  and  a  half  miles,  one  hundred  and  twenty-live  fafi.onis. 

Tlie  Kco;;rapliical  position  v\'  the  extremity  of  Cooper's  Point,  as  dcterniined  liy  the  triaii;;ula- 


•  1   the  Coast  and  (icodelic  Survcv,  is; 


l.alitllilr '"■'• 

l.iilljilllclr l-.'l 


II 


niirtli 


riM     n)    wivst. 


ilw  Siir  h'ifn-  is  a  small  mountain  stream  .  mptyiny:  to  the  south  under  a  point  of  land  I\iiis 
lai.illrl  with  the  <'oast,  and  fhercforc  marking;  the  month  from  seaward.  It  is  two  and  a  half 
1!  I-  -niitli  sixty  ci;4hl  de;; ices  cast  (S.  (is"  |;.)  from  Point  Siir.  OlVSiir  iJiver.  to  the  southwaid 
'I  :!'  1.1  Ip  field,  Ihcri'  is  a  fair  anchoray:e  with  ;jood  Imat  landiii;;  diiiin;;  fin  suinmcr  moiiths. 
ark   is  shipped  from  there,  and  occasionally  an  otter-hiiiitinjf  selnoner  anchors  there 


><i\\,v  tan 


111  t 


lir  latter  part  of   the  winter  and  early  sprin;;.     To  reach  llic  anchorap'.  pa>s  thron^ii  an  opea- 


llic  kelp  I'ruin  wliicli  the  month  of  flic  Siir  (fiver  bears  northeas;   'Nl 


when   iiisidi'  tl 


krl|<  aiii'hiir  in  se\ I'll  fallioms.     The  boat  landing;  is  uii<lertlie  niirlh  p<<i!ii   in  a  small  cove  on  a 
^;iiiil\  lie aih.     l''rei;;lif  and  Iiimlier  lia\e  been  landed  lure. 

i'lilsr  .■^ur. — One  and  one  ci;,'litli  miles  east  by  soiilli  half  -^oiitli  ( lO.  liy  S.  A  S. )  from  the  Siir 
ihiie  is  I  hillock  on  the  shore  line  rising;  to  about  one  litindieii  and  ci;;iit\  feet  elcxation,  and  the 
'apiaiii-  of  the  eoasfin;;;  steamers  say  that  in   apjiroaehinu-  it    iVuin  the  southeast  in  thick  weather 


•lull'  tl  cy  see  the  Sur  this  hillock  sometimes  deecixes  them  on  aecniiiit  of  its  rese 


mb 


to  flu 


>'iii.    The  hei;,'ht  is  decc]ifive  when  every  III  ii';r  i"*  seen  thriiii;;h  the  In;;'  and  mist,  and  esiiecially  if 
ilie  llll^t  or  fo;;  lies  low  on  the  wafer. 

hiiiKjiis  smith  of  I't)iiit  Sur. —  I'lom  Cooper's  Point  to  the  Snr  Kixer  the  coast  is  bordered  b\' 
I'luki'ii  kelp  fields  lor  a  width  of  half  ;•.  mile  out  to  Iwche  and  thirteen  ti.thoi'is  uf  water.  I'roin 
'III'  >iii'  lliver  a  ;;real  lield  of  kelp  be;;iiis  and   runs  heiiec  to  the  Sur,  extend. ii;;'  over  a  mile  from 


t 


W\ 


:<'  I   1:1 


Mill-    111,.    Il 
"illl'l. 


l'\   foul  ;;i'oiiiid  bcy;iiis  iieaily  three   miles  soiithca*!  iSf;.!  uf  the  Sur  and  extends  even  out 
iiiifs  of  the;;i'eal  kelp  Held,  which  reaches  out  to  liltceii  and  even  toci;;hteeii  fathoms  of 


Wivlirst  shiiitl  .titiit,  with  three  and  a  half  fathoms  upon  if.  lies  t'lree-ipiarfcis  of  a  mile  off  the 


^nv  i;i\e 


It 


lias  deep 


wall 


fen  to  twelve   latlioiiis,  close  aruuiid  il,  and  eiylil  fathoms  on  the 


lii'h 


il«:c  of  the  kelp  which  tloes  not  emltraee  this  dan;:ci.     'fhere  is  foul  ;,'roiind  and  breakers 


it  and  the  shore.     I'loni  Point  Sur  this  dan; 


ilixlaiii  two  and  two  thirds  mile: 


ith  fifty  three  de;i'rccs  east  (S.  ,">;P  ]•].), 


■[ 


II'  XI  iini 


il  kIkkiI  spot,  with  four  and  a  hall  fathoms  upon  it.  lies  o'ltsideihe  limits  of  the  kelp- 


H 


m- 


Vi'k  -W 


I'Aiii'ic  coAsr  rii.oT. 


Ill,  lint  witli  stri,::^'liiii,'  Uclp  iilii>nt.     Tliis  s|ii 


lit 

oust  iS.  •_".•  '  IIJ  t'i'Din  roiiil  Sill'.  :iii 


i|   lies    ulllliist   IWd  miles  SiUltll   l\V(  111  V  llillt'  <1( 


{ 

iiroiiml  il  :ii''  ilM'  iiiid  .si\  r.iilHH 


I    our  Jllil    iilic  ri;:lllll    IlillfS    li|n;ii|    nil'   till'   cilllst.      'rilc    i|i'|i|||s 

l>nik 


II-.  Ill  li'ii  Mini   lilliTii  ralliiuiis,  mi!ic;iiiiiu'  M'I'.v  nrnkcii  liiillniii  \viil 


IMwsilily  l>;i>  ()iu't,  i(Mk> 


A  \  rsscl  Wdllld  clriir  II    li.\    krrlilllL;  I'll  llu'  M'l  \    cil;;!'  til' llic  fii||i|i;icl   li 


ol  l>rl|>.  I 


r  .-lie  wi'ic  ciMiilicllcil  to  <li>  sii 


lii>iilc  llii'  k''l|i  lii'lil  llii'lr  i-  one  Ml'  k   ;i\\;isli  iiiiii  luiir  or 


live  liiciikt'is  :  iiiiil  lii-twci'ii  llir  k 


liclil  mill  I  he  Imv.  shim 


l\  m-ck  lu'liiiiil  llif  Sill  lln-ic  iin-  luiir  or  live  oilier  breakers  liaviii;,'  as  liiil 


\  I'eel  on  I  lie  rocks  ami  very  liiiil  liolloiii  lliriiii;;li  tlie  kel|i  in  tlie  \  ieiiiilv.     So  Hie  locality  is.i 


as  SI 

very  ilaiiucroiis  niie.  alllioii-li    \v 


e  lia\e  conic  iiii  tliioii^li   these  (lan;:ers  w  hen  the  wcallii'r 


dear  and  tin'  «ind  \\a>  Mow  in 


''solica\ih    llialall  llie  hleakers  weie  ill  siyht.      ( 'iilside  this  rm  l-\ 


llic 


area   the   water  ilcciieiis  (|iiickly.  and   ilicic  is  a   dc|ith   of  tliii'y  lathonis  at  two  miles  iVom 
sliote.  and  I'oity  laiiioiiis  at  two  and  a  li.ilf  miles.  Imt  the  liotlom  is  not  le^ular. 

The  steamer  Sfniitar.  limind  iioith  lioni  San  l>ic^ii.  re|iorlcd  a  tiairou  escape  Irom  i.ii  il 
wreck  three  miles  .-oiith  li\  "est  S.  li\  \\'.'  iVniii  ihe  Sin.  One  ol  the  |iaddlcu  heels  •^ra/.i  i|  .1 
sunken  rock,  and  clo^e  to  the  stern  post  the  vessel  sliiick  heavily  cnonuh  to  cause  her  to  1.  ,il, 
liadly.  'The  luai  iiii;  and  di>laiii'c  miis|  lia\  e  liccii  reported  erroneously.  Iieeaiise  even  if  the  In  .n 
iii^r  I'c  assumed  south  lis  ea^l  S.  Ii\  I'..  1  Ihci  c  is  fo; ;  \  laihoiiis  at  that  distance.  1 1  is  pi-olial>li  s| ,. 
was  neai'  this  liiokeii  iL;i'oiind  or  inside  the  kelp  on  the  rock  a»'  ash.  w  liicli  is  one  ami  two  thirds  imli  s 


Olllli  ton  \   three  dc;:rei 


MS|      S.    (. 


Iioni  I  lie  Niii-. 


The  danuers  iininedialcl\   under  Toint  Si;i  aic  mciilioiied  in  the  tieserip  ion  ollliat  head 
sell  that  lietweeli  I'icdias  I'daiieas  and  the  S  in-  there  is  soiiiethili;:  which  al; 


Shipmasters  a- 


the  north  end  of  the  compass  needle  half  a  iniiiit  tow  aids  ihc  laud  ;  lui 


liilt  as  t  hi.;  is  onh 


nl\    e\perii  111  I  i| 


■iisionailv.  the  cause  is  nn'ie  likciv  to  be  with  the  iinknow  n  diici  tion  and  lorce  of  the  ciiii 


or  with  iinc'irrected  compassc 


Mmniitic    \''ti-iiiliiiii. — I'or  .lannarv.   1  s  s.~,.  ii,,.   jm,.  ,,1 


ijiial    magnetic  declination  o|   mm 


(Ici'rees  eas 


t  cuts  the  coast  line  in  lalitnde  .ii'i^  II'  .  ci;;lit  miles  soiilli  of  the  Sni',  and  111 


o\ es  ail 


ally  one  minute  of  are  to  the  iiorthuan 


POINT   SUR. 


I'ifty  miles  noithwcsi  three  ipiaiicis  wesi    NW.  ^'W.    from  I'oiiit  I'ietlras  I'dan 


eas.  ami  lii  i' 


one  miles  north  litt\  sjs  dc;:iccswcs|  X..".!;  \\  ,  I'lom  < ',ipc  San  Mai  1  in.  is  Toini  Siii  .foiiMii:i 
called  1,0s  1, olios' :  iiiakinu'  out  I  wo  ihiids  of  a  mile  liom  llic  siccp  moiinlaiii  side.  This  lie  i.l 
land  liieaks  the  Lieiicial  strai;:lit  line  of  the  coast  lietwccn  Point  I'inos  and  Tape  San  Maitin.  1  ! 
is  a  Well  known  point  of  depart  lire  lor  \  essels  y:oiii^'  north  or  south,  {''roiii  Ihe  north  il  is  tin-  :  1-1 
|ioiiit  iiiadi' alii  I  Icavinu  I'oiiil  .\iio  Niie\o. 

.\s  seen  I'rom  the  north  or  somh.  at  ,1  distance  of  ten  miles.  I'oint  Siir  appears  as  a  hi;;li.  l.i;  .!•. 


round  to|iped    islet :  liiil    upon   a| 


uoachinir  it  a  low   neck  ol'  l.ind   is  seen   conneciiiiu'  it  with  ' 


main.      I  Ins  is  a  \  i  i\  not.iliU' 


l.aluic.     T 


lis  necli  1- 


insists  of  s.ind  dunes,  w  inch  are  loinicd  li 


sand  dlillin,i;  fiom  the  iioithwcst,  and  it  is  not  o\er  tueiily  feet  aliove  the  sea.     The  e\tiiil  <•'. 
rock  is  about  si\  hundred  \aids  nearl\  east  and  «cs|  li\  four  hundred  \  ards  m  w  nlih.      I's  In 
is  thice  hundred  and    lillv  ei-lit  feel,  and  the   lower  ]i.irl  iseMiemel\   biokeii   ami    picnpilii!- 
si\ty  leei   above  the  sea.  with   many  loi'ky  patches  iincov crinu  dosr  iiiulci'  it  to  the  vmsIu.i'' 
low  walci.      It  is  particnl.iilv  black  at  niL:hI  .iml  can  not  be  mi'. taken. 


There  is  a  liaal  liiii'liini  close  under  thi'  S 


ur  a'  the  soiilh 


and  II 


if  I  he  ni  ck.  w  here  the  kelp 


ic   istin;,r    s|(.aii|,.|'.s    soiiietillies    1  nid    liei.'lit     there.      The    1  li  I  ee  f.il  lioni    c 


lirve    kic| 


under  the  s,iinlieast   shore  of  the    he. id  ;    but    iliside  the  si\   f,.,.I     line  thele  ale  two  v  Isible    i< 


which  Ihe  l.il'.;er  one  under  the  elilf  bleaks  p. Ill  of  t 


le   sucl!.       T 


le  other  IS  ( 


lose  to  t  he  e.isl  e'  tin 


laiidiii''.     Tl 


e  lovvvvalef  hcaeh  is  tweiitv  live  vards  wide  al  the  joining'  of  the  be.icli  and  In-.i. 


There  is  one    know  11    liiihli  ,1  ihi 


Ujii-  olf   the    head.       It    is  a   lock    u  llll   I  wel  v  e  feel   of   W.lli-I 


it,  ami  it  lies  four  liumlred  and  lillv   vards  outside  the  Siir.  with  eij;ht  fall s  of  water  insiih    n  'I 

lifteeli   fathoms  close  outside  of  it.     Tlieie  is  no  kelp  to  indicate  its   posiliiui.  which  is  seven   '  m' 
died  vards  south  sixty  toiir  de;^i 


we.- 1     S.  (;|      W.I 


roin  I  lie  highest  part  of  ihe  .Sm . 


The  depth  of  walei  al  one  mile  broad  oil   the  Siir  is  twenty  seven   fathoms,  anil  at  H 
it  is  Ihirtvsix  tallimas.  with  leiiiilar  bottom. 


Tiihn, — Tlie  linn 


s  and    hei;:lils  ot'  tin-   hi^ii   and   low   waleis    under  the  Siir  can  beta 


I,,-     !lll 


Ti'liiiiKcil  ,all»  II  I'miii!  1...!). 


Ill  Ills  .11  las 


>r< 


.:^!Z 


Piri)  Hlttiico,  :i,f)f>0  fi'^e  Siir,  8E.  |  K.,')  m 


lii«ljM»»aiHPBgwr«i»«ijpiti_i|«a 


Mount  i'aiuii'l, 
si:.  1.>  K.  i  K. 


SK.  J  S.,  lit  miles. 


4      .  .  ) 


:t4 


-:n. 


•^--^      r1^*.-. 


A.  ..£-.^,:^' 


Pico  Blaiici).  :t,ilCO  fift,  K..H  milv 


The  Twins 
•MOO  feet,  K.8E„ 


<*"•■ 


,^' 


-->. 


-^^^^. 


/ 


V 


•\v 


\'-'*. 


:'>^--^v>> 


./r/^ 


■   V 


)'ic(i  Kliiiico.  3,(it;i>  liift 
MO.  i  K..  17i  mil("«. 


V 


Mount  Cuniicl,  4,417  ''not 
SK.  lij  V..\  V...  Ill  iiiiKh 


1'ho  Hlunco,  :),(ii)U  feet, 
••^1..  ♦  K.,  VOiiiiirs, 


'■'^tf'v-,^.^        ^^^ 


'the  Twins, 
MOO  feet,  K.SE.,  aa  milei, 


TL'Sur,  8E.  »E.,5mile 


■^-^i? 


\ 


The  Sar. 


V 


>->^-.> 


^"^^fm%;^fy^ffSf^  r 


,<~^.. 


1'ko  Hluiico,  :),(ii)U  feot, 
>!..  t  K.,  VUiiiii,.» 


The  Sur, 
SK.  }8,,  I'J  miles. 


\    ' 


i: 

i\< 

«'; 
<l 

1» 
0 

t) 

n 

V 

c 


i 

'--'.<  \, 


I  III-  siu  NW   i  ^|,.,,,  :i.ti»><i  iVci,  N.  Iiy  W.  «  \V.,  Iv'  iiiilc 


ilS 


wm 


'.  ;■''! 


':  i%> 


.  U 


1    ■:''. 

'?       ' 

,      '     •}■^ 

«              ' 

■^    i 

-<■      .    -  *- 


ri)..-  Siir, 
NW.i  W  ,  -iWlf  iiuleH. 


III.   Siii  N\V.  J  N  ,  11  uiil, 


.       ."^- 

,-%#''«.>''''^..- 


F*=. 


I  11(111  I ■<(•  mil-  'Jii'  I'l'i       I'h  11  lihiiii  u.  :i.ik)ii  K  n . 

I  111-  ^111.  N.f.:.    K  .  .'*  Ill  .\  mill"- 


"> 


_  -  --  ri?*  , 


■•"^<<' 


Pico  Blanco. 


„,  -v^-,_,._ 


PiLO  IJliiiMu.  ;;.ffiO  (Vci,  N.  by  W.  iW.,  12  miles. 


.11  *i.*  y 


■•■■V-. 


I^i'i        r.i  11  Khiiiiu.  ;;.iKi(l  k  n.  7  MtiU'r<. 
II .  N.i't".     K  .  .'4  111  .f  111  ill'" 


H 


Mm\ 


,'     f 


!      ic  1 


' 

...1.    '* 

.       \fc 

V 

'j';-   ■ 

i    ' 

■    -■  rvt 

•■ 

\        :          ■    '■■ 

...             1 

I'iS 


^■■■'i': 


1».  ,<l  £ 


u 


!>'    'I        J      I    "1 


11 


1 

'    *  1 

H|r|H 

ill 

w 

,"^.- 


V   ••'--^— - 


\. 


Pico  Blanco,  3.660  feet, 

N,  by  W,^  \V.,  I'imiloH. 


Mipiiiit  (  iiiiiii-l.  4,417  fret. 
N.  I  \\'.,  1.')  mileit. 


t'uo  Ulaiico   ;i.WiO  fwt, 

N.  li)  W.  i  W.,  10  miles. 


'^v^  »-  — 


Th.'  .^iiir,  NW.  !>y  N.  |  N,  7  luileu. 


i 


saiiir  IIS  at 

;ilM|i|ilc  sill" 


(ill'  I'ipiiit  Si 
».-.!    S.  I'.'.l 

ll  IMII  lie  |>;l 
ll'illl  l\»rlll\ 
\vi'>l  MoftllU 
,.!  !!.••  hi  11 
I'loiii  "III'  hill 
I  III'  ^('(1 
ilclir  Siir\('\ 

l.;i 
1.0 
Or 

In   .hlllll 

iniiiiiti', 

r I'l 

I'.. 

I'm 

I'm 
In 

I'u 

I'll 
I'i: 

;iMil  uii  the  li 

>'    1  M.M.Uil   ; 

I  'tiidiiKli 

>.llll,l    I.IICIH. 

'■'■'\^  tiiiir  nil 

lilillA    si\    llll 

•  irllM.  ||;|/.|.  II 
i''.l!.  ilcriillH 
i''  .  ■  A  nil  Ni 
l!ii'  Sill  li;is  I 
111  IIIIHiIMl;    I 

'  i:  -  liiillli  s 

\iiii  N.lfV  1)  II 

I  ill'  SI'CIl 

"'    '.  .nil! 
I    I  >■  >  III  nil 

•  •'  :.    \    li\  I'  I 

i  lil>  |ir;i1 

'111-  IIm'Ii   n. 

'II    .    ].,  tl,,., 

/  '.'//(■  A'/, 

"llil    llllV    III! 

-"'"'•'.illl'S  lie 

l.-lhl   /In. 

''<''  •■1'  i\*;ilil  ,■ 

i  '"  ii:ivi;:;il 

'I'l'l  'llilli  I' 

''  'll''  ^iiilthi'; 

•'»""■  ill'   Will 


rAcii'ic  {'((AST  ni.di'.  1,'!.") 

■iiiiic  us  at  Mdiitcn-y.     Tlit-  {jrcatcst  vwnm^  of  tiWcs  oUscrvi'il  dm iiiy  tlit;  i>roi,Mv.s.s  of  tlio  hydro- 


liii' 


<iii\»'V  WHS  scvi'ii  and  nine  ti'iitlis  t'cct. 


POINT    Stl!    \VIIISTI,l\(i    IM'OV. 

\  iildsllin;!  huoji  i>t'  llir  tii'xl  cliiss,  liaviii;;  hlncl,'  iiml  irliilr  irriinnlicnliir  slriprs,  has  liccn  phnHul 

'iiiiil    Siir  in  twcnlythrt'c  and  a  half  fallioins  of  water,  south    fort\l\vo  and  a  lialf  dt';;rt'i's 

S.  IL'A'  \N'.)  distant   inic  nidc  (loss  (mic  luindrcd  ,\aids)  IVoni    tiic  !ii;,'li('st   |)ari  of  tiic  licad. 

Ill  he  passed  closely  on  eithei'  side.     The  whistle  is  sounded  liy  the  aeti(Hi  of  the  sea  an<l  j;ives 


Ihiiii  twentv  to  thirty  eontinnons  Masts  each    ininnt* 


•  With  a  hea\  V  sea  and   fi 


<sh  wnitl  Ironi 


Hr.>!  noithwest  we  heard  the  sound  of  the  l)noy  one  mile  to  leeward  and   half  a  mile  to  windward 
111  ii."     Ill  l>eeeiiiliei',  I  SSI.  we  heard  it  from  a  distance  of  nearly  two  miles,  ^iv  inj;'  frei|uent   lilasts 


lleiii  "lie  lia 


It'  to  three  (|nartcrs  ot'  a  second  duration 


I  111' ueoj;ra|ihieal  position  of  the  suinniit  of  I'oint  Sur,  as  determined  hy  the  ('oast  and  (iec 


Irlir  Nilixey.  is  : 

I,.'ltltMlll' 


■M\-     1-      l:!  .:i    iiorlli, 


I. 


iiiiili' 


t  M.   Ill   llllli- 


IJl 


r.-  ,11    wfMt. 


Ill  .laniniry,  issr»,  the  maj,'netii'  variation  was   !<>     (»)'  east,  and   is  decreasing;  annually  one 


lllllilllr. 


im  Point  Sur  wc  have  the  tollowiii),'  lieaiinus  and  distances  to  pidrninent  point' 


I'nilll    A|'l;I11'I1.i  111'. IIS 

rMiiit  Hill  liiiii  lii':iis 
I'irillil-  iilllU'.'l- 
Marti 


i;.  ili-hnil   I'.'l     null's. 
i:.  ili-.l:iiil     -II     mill's. 


I.iiilit  \v 


1  I-;,  ilislaiil 


ili' 


('a]if  .Sal 

I'uiiil  (■.V|iii".s 

I'nilll  Aim  Niirvo  l'ii;;--i;;iial 
I'iyiiiii  I'nilll   l.i;,'lil-liiMi«i'  ... 


i:.  ilisl.'inl     :i| 


■J      \V.  iliMlaiil     li;"  mill' 


N.    Ill       \V.  ilist.iiil     .■,:!    mill. 


N.    \'        \V.  ilMt.'iiiI 


mill' 


;miiI  nil  the  latter  course  the  lij;ht  on  I'oint    I'inos  will   lie  aheani  at  ci;;htce'i  miles  iVom  the  Sur, 
iml  ili^i.iiii  si\  and  a  half  miles  Iroin  the  ship. 

l.inidiiiKfl.n. — There  are  two  notable  peaks  close  'icliind  the  Siii  on  the  crestliiie  uf  the  .'Sierra 


lilt, I   i.ilria. 


/'i.  •'  llhtiiiii,  the  Snr  /V((/,'of  the  coast  in;;  captains 


is  ,1  short  pointed,  v\liile  toppi'd  nioiintaiii, 


1. 111^  liiiir  and  a  ipiarter  mih's  iiorlh  sivtylise  ile;;rces  ea>l     N.  ti."i     V..}  from  the  Sur.     it   is  ahoiit 
lliiiu  ^i\  hiiiiilicd  feet  alii)\  c  the  sea.      When  1  lie  Sur  i  I. self  can  not  lie  seen  on  account  of  low  foi;or 

f  the  iiioiiiitaiiis  arc  liciiiientl.v  discernihlc,  and  the  Sur 


■ll'IlM'     I 


i,l/e  miller  the  sliiile  line,  the  tops  o 


liecoiiies  one  of  the  special  la  I  id  marks.      In  in  n  n  i  ii  u  aloiiy  the  coast  from  the  nm  th  ward,  from 
:  Alio  Nr.eso,  and  the  .Sin'  lieiiii;  in  visible,  the  cniii  ^e  is  cinitiniicd  until  this  peak  is  abi'ain  when 


i'li'  .Sill    li.l 


s  liccli   p.isscil  one  mile 


and  then  thccoiiisi    is  cliaii;:(d  fur  the  I'icdras  i'llancas.     .\iid 


lii  niiiiiiii;;  lo  the  northward  from  I'icdras  I'dancas  i  he  conrsc  iiiiisi  becontinned  until  the  ]ieak 
■|.u>  iinitli  si\t\  li\c  de;;rees  east  (X.  (i."i  '  I'!.),  directl.V  over  the  .Sui,  when  it  is  eliaiij,'ed  for  I'oint 
Aim  N,ii'\  o  or  for  I'nillt  Cypress. 


I'  second  peak  is 


Mdinit  CiiniK  I.  oi    r.oulder  .Monntain.  whiih   has  a 


i|  topped,    ti 


"imiii:'.  and  lit 


\  en  and  (me  ninth  miles  nm  th  thirty  Ihne  deun  i  s  lasi  ,  N.  .',.'i    \',.  i  iiinn  the  .Sur, 
i:-'^inaii  clevatitui  ol  fiirt\  tour  hiindreil  and  seventeen  feel,  and  is\isiblc  Iroiii  seaward  about 


.  li\e  miles 

!s  peak  is  Used    by  some  id'  the   capt; 


lilis  when  ciiminu'  fiom  llie  sunt  heast  w  ai 


il.     Th 


II  ill.'  ilii'ii  eoiii-e  until  till'  mountain  is  al 


icain  w  lien  lln  \  w  i 


Ih 


lie  half  a  null'  p,i--t  ihc  Sur,  and  the 


.iii„.  |. 


then  chaiii^cd  I'm   I'oinI  r\pics-»oi'  I'oini  .\iio  Ninvi 


/  lUlc  It'll  I )  //i7/  is  a  lovv  iiioiintain  nnilei  I  lie  llaiiks  111  t  he  coast  ran;:e  ;  it  is  one  and  a  half  miles 
nil  lill.v  one  dt-^ices  easi  (N.  .".l  '  I'  ,  Imin  the  Siir.  and  is  thiilieii  hnmlied  lect  lii;;h.  it  will 
'Ml'    lies  be  made  out  when  the  hi;;her  and    more  distant   monnlaiiis  are  in  the  clouds. 

/.;'('  Uiiii^i  lit  I'oint  Sur.  —  A  tii'st  order  la;^lit  will  be  cstalilishcd  low  down  iipon  the  lace  of 
aid  slope  of  I'oint  ,Sur,  and  the  liudit  house  is  now  beinu  creeled.  The  need  for  such  an 
ivi;.'atioiiis  paitieidarly  },M'eat  at  this  place  bee  nise  there  is  no  Mist  class  sea-coast  li.uht 
nil  '!ian  I'i^i'on  Point,  llflyei;,dil  miles  to  the  noriliwoi,  and  I'uini  Piedias  I'.lancas,  lifly  miles 
'II" -iiiitheasi.  .\|  the  point  selected,  the  l.i.L:ht  will  be  about  one  hniidi'ed  and  twenty  feet 
'"^'  i  II'  water  and  be  \  isible  close  under  the  north  and  siiilh  slinrcs. 


.III 


?    ':'i 


.13, 


r  '  ' 

r 

■>: 

i 


r  :J 


m  ^ 


1^1 


t  ; 

mf 

■ 

lili    iF 

i^n  ■ 

U   : 

M 

lift  m 

VMW-IC    (OAST    PILOT. 


Tlic  },'(M>j;rii|ilii('iil  position  of  tlio  I,ij;lil  iiouso  is— 


i.aiilniU'. 
I.(>n;;ilinli' 
0\.  in  linn 


:if,       1-      H' 


nrlli 


IJI       r.l      (1-^    '.»  «csl. 


Ill  tlic  jKisitio!!  of  tilt'  Siir,  ViziMino's  cliiirt  lius  a  sli^jlit  iMojcrtioii  to  imliriiti'  tliis  iiof:ililc  fi;ii 
lire,  witli  the  I('y:('ii(l  "I'oiiit  iipjH-iiriiis,'  Iliu'  :iii  islinul."     In   Ins  iuiimIIvc  Ik-  savs  llic  lii;,'li  inoiiiit 
aiiis  four  Icajiiics  south  of  Caniiclo  ISav  arc  llic  landfall  wliicli   sliips  tVoiii   llic  l'lii!i|)|iin('  IslamU 
usually  iiiailc.     (lfi(CJ.) 

Vancouver,  in  iiassiiifi  down  tln>  coast  in  IT'.!.!,  tlioiijilil  this  ••  small,  liiiili,  rockv  liiiiti)  of  I.iihI, 
l.viii};  iicailv  lialf  a  mile  from  tlic  sliorc,"  was  dcladicd  and  lliat  :t  loriiicd  an  island.  I'oil  Iic;,m\i' 
if  no  name. 


The  point  received  Its  name  from  the  Mexican  j:raiit  of  land  emluacin;;  it.  whicli  is  kiir 


Kl  Si 
I  hep 


Soiniitiiiiis  III}' the  Siif  tmranis  llii'  SiDitlnrrst. — Two  liiii's  of  dee])  se.'l  soiindiii;,'s  wivr  n 


hroad  oil  tlie  coast,  under  the  llaiik  of  the  Sierra  Santa  I.iicia.  1p\   the   I'.  .S.  steamer    7 
IST.i.     \Ve  note  here  the  first  line  which  was  riiii  on  the  L'llli  anil  '_'.''th  of  Deceinlier; 


llsniriiiii    Ml 


Mil. 


rtliurt' 


l.,ililu.l.'   I.nli;:iln<lr       P.  plli. 
tionli  HtHt.         t,itli..rii' 


I  '■iiilter;iti.r« 


SiiH.li.'.     I'.nl|..lii. 


Ch.inirtrror  liotliiin. 


.Hi     II         i-.'l     .■-.I 
:li;     111         IJl     r.r. 


llrv.'iii.li  M.I.  k  Hiiliil    »illi  «l..  II.,. 

\'.1\    hill. I   ;;ii'i'lll.^ll   lit. II  k   ...III. I. 


i:.       :ili    mi 


m     .IS  4u       r.-j   .'i2 


i.i.-^  .v.,  II  :;.v  I  I;...  u 

>-.'  ."•!  I.I  :i.'i  li  Il.iiil  -ra.xi^li  lilaiU  «.iiiil. 

1.-U  V'l  0  3'l  :i  Cmvi'iihIi  iiiiiil  una  •ami. 

l,U.ir>  .'i5  a  :t;).7  (lunil^li  niml. 


This  line  of  soiimlii 


is   iieaih  at   ri"ht   aiiL'les  to  tin 


if  the  Sieriii  .Siiita  Lucia,  an 


depth  of  the  iilaleaii  of  tlie  I'.icilic  ( (ccaii  at   two  thousaml   f.iihoins,  d 
shore,  is  coliliriiied  liy  the  two  series  of  soilli(lill;;s  to  the  imrlh  and  lo  tl 


l.vtiint    siNt.vtwo  miles  111. Ill 
null. 


Ihip  sill  Suiiiiiliiiiis  III/  llic  Siir  Iniiiiiil  till  \Vixl.—{)i\  tlie  L'lsl  and  'J-d  I  »ei-.  iiilier,  l.ST.'i,  the  I 
.steamer  Tiisniiuni  ran  a  line  of  sounding's  inshore  Irom  the  pl.iieaii  of  the  I'.icilic  towaiil- 
northern  end  of  the  .Sjcna  .S.mta  I, iici.i,  striking  the  co.ist  line  heiuicn  I'oiiit  Siir  and  C.ii 
Point.     The  tollowiii;;  t.llile  ;:i\es  the  po.-ilioiis,  depths,  etc..  uf.Meh  soiindili;,'. 


Iiintiiii  ,' 

Iniiiiilir      l.iiiiiiiil.    I,,ini:iiii.l.'     li.ptli 

Mliori'  III  .11  lltllOl.  U|-:il.  Lull. .111.1 

Cm  iiif  1. 


TJ  :iii  ■-'.■i  l-.'J  I'l 
10  :ni  -X  I  ■.''.'  cm 
'jM       :ii;    -.'(1       r_".'    :ii 


01        30    :i;;        ij:;    11 


SllH-i,,       11.11 


I'h.ir.H  tl  I  III  il     III. III! 


liniMi'li  l.l.i.  I;  -:ii>,l. 


iri'i'iiihli  iiiiiil  \i  till  hi, I.  k  siiiiit. 


.'il.ii         :ii.ii    Oii'i'iiiHli  iiiiiii 
.M.o         x\.:\     iliii'iiinh  iiiiiil.  mil 


HI    M         121    :i7 
:iii    ;!T        iLM    r>fl 


It  will  thus  lie  seen  that  the  plateau  id'  the  I'acilic  was  found  alioiit  seventy  ei;,'ht  miles  li  'ul 

off  the  coast  of  Point  .Xfio  Niievo.     It  is  a  curious  tact  that    the  sotindini:   whicli  rcaclinl  \\u  u 

one  hiindicd  and  tcnii  f.iihciins  is  within  two  o\-  three  miles  of  one  of  the  assi;;iied  |ii)siliiiii>  hI  iIh' 

\i  tula  Shoal,  with  a  coriolioratin;;  sound  in;;  of  twenty  one  hundred  and  si\i,\  ei;.'lit  fithnm^  i  i  ^n 
(jr  twelve  miles  to  the  northwest  and  ne.ir  another  repoited  position  of  the  same  shoal. 


/'<iiH^  Siir  III  I'liiiil  I'innx. — North  of  I'oint  Snrthe   "cneial  coast  lii 


e  is  ipiite  slrai;:lil  '■'  'in' 


south   head  of  Carmcl    i'lay.  in  no  place  retieatin;;  ovei  a  mile  to  the  eastwanl.     The  di  i  i 
<piite  irrc^rnlar  and  the  shore  is  closely  hoidi'ied   liy  niimeidus  rocks  and    rocky   i>leis.  hii  "1 

them  ai'c  inside  the  line  lietweeii  the  points,  I''roni  the  miii  r  limit  of  the  .Sur  to  the  exiii  m  ' .  of 
Point  Cypress,  which  foiins  the  northwest  point  ol  Carmcl  \',.\\  ami  is  the  fiiitliest  point  v  •  il''. 
the  distil  nee  is  seven  I  cell  miles  ;iiid  llic  hciii  in;r  north  thirl.v  de;;lccs  west  (  N,  .'!tl  '  \V.).  pass::-  '  '.^ 
close  to  \\  lialei's  li'ock.  otf  the  south  ol  Ciiiinel  iiav.  at  thirteen  miles. 


I'Aciirr  COAST  rii.oT. 


kl 


mir  '  iiirt 


MM        I 


Tin- liifjii  tnoimlaiiis  closo  Ix'liimi  llif  slmic  line  liry:iii  to  (Irrlinc  in  elevation  as  tlit'v  arc  lol- 

i  imrlliwanl  iiiilil  they  are  eiit  liv  the  valley  of  IheCannel  Kiver.     They  are  mostly  eoveicd 
•  I  liapai ral  anil  pine,  the  hitter  very  thick  in  tin'  ;;nlrhes. 

The  water  is  very  \uM  alnn;;  this  stieteh  of  tin'  coast.  The  tell  fatlmni  line  is  never  nnne  than 
il  of  a  mile  from  tin-  shore,  ami  the  t\vent,\  lallmm  line  aliont  twothixlsot  a  nnle;  thenc*^ 
nl  the  liottiini  is  ijiiile  re;;nhir,  iin'reasin;:  in  <le|iili  lo  iil'ty  fathoms  at  two  ami  a  half  miles 
Ireii;  I  lie  >.|iore.  'riiere  are  no  known  hiihleii  (laii;,'eis  olV  this  short  stretch  of  eoaNt.  lint  the  fol- 
low ':  |Miiiits,  rocks,  ami  locky  islets  are  noted: 

rill  \'iittiini  h'liiLx. — These  are  two  inoilerately  hi;;li  roi  ky  islets  l.xiii;;  two  ami  one  fifth  miles 
iiiii'i  lupilliwest  (N'NU',,  Iroin  I'oiiit  Siir.  anil  harely  Iialf  a  mile  olV  the  shoie.  They  lie  north- 
«i>i  .mil  southeast  (NW.  anil  SI'',  )  from  each  other,  ami  the  southeast  one,  which  is  lifty  .\arils  in 
cxli  III,  is  the  laifier.  There  is  ten  to  liftecn  filhonis  close  aroiiinl  them  ami  ilee|)  water.  I-mi  to 
iHrlw  lathoms  inshore,  excepr  on  the  siniLin  ruck  which  lies  one  hnmlrcil  ami  ninety  yanls  north 
iM.vl  i\Mi  thirils  east  (  Nl'.  rj  K.)  from  the  liiy;hi'st  part  of  the  small  iioilhern  rock. 

Tliiee  ipiartei's  of  a  mile  mnlh  northwest  iN\\\'.)  of  the  \  cntiira  Ifoeks  a  line  of  rocks  anil 
rui'kv  islets  liej^ins  close  iiniler  I'lat  Point  ami  runs  for  a  mile  ami  a  half  parallel  with  the  coast- 
line :iiiil  (inly  four  or  li\e  hnmlieil  yanls  from  it,  with  ten  fathoms  alon;^  their  outer  limit ;  thence 
iiiii!li«:iril  the  ten  t'athom  line  is  close  inshore. 

Ill  April,  \^'i\,  the  steamer  \'iiitiini,  haviiiir  taken  her  ilepailnie  from  Point  ATio  Xnevn, 
vtni.  \-  ii|Min  the  \"eiitiiia  KiM'ks  in  thick  weather,  ami  was  stramleil  one  mile  lo  the  sonlheast  w  ani 
iiiiilii  the  rocky  point  about  halfway  to  ihe  Snr;   hence  their  name, 

S.ihii-iiiiis  I'liint,  cijjhl  and  a  half  miles  northwestward  from  the  Siir,  is  not  a  pioinineiit  pro- 
lirtiiiii,  as  it  hardly  hreaks  the  ;;eiieral  outline  of  the  coast,  Init  it  is  known  liy  the  iscphitnl  hillock, 
I«ci  li'iiidred  feet  hi};h,Jiist  inside  the  shore  line,  with  a  liare,  j;rassy  lid^rc  liehiml  it  lisiii;;  looMr 
M\!<<  II  hundred  feet.  OlV  the  south  jiart  of  the  point,  aliont  two  hiimlied  anil  thirty  xardsolf 
slinif,  iiid  half  a  mile  .southeast  (Sl-l  )  fioiii  Ihe  miter  Piedias  I. olios,  is  a  luiab  with  ten  fathoms 


liisc  niil>ide, 


( iiH'  mile  south  lit' ceil  dej;rees  east  (S.  lo  i;,)  fioin  Solieraiies  Point  and  over  half  a  mile  liroad 
nil  >lnii>'.  is  a  iiatch  of  lii'oki'ii  ^'ronnd  almost  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  extent  within  Ihe  ten  lathoiii 
liir  .  file  least  water  found  in  it  is  six  and  three  i|iiarti'rs  fathoms,  liiit  tlicic  may  be  less.  Close 
mil  side  111  It  there  is  a  depth  of  from  eh' veil  lo  ihiiteeii  fathoms,  and  bet  wee  nit  and  the  shore  from 
Ihiilirii  lo  ii;tlitei'ii  fallioiiis.     The  locality  has  not  been  niiniilcly  examined. 

I'!r,liiis  ill'  lux  Luliii.s. — This  clnsier  of  two  principal  rocky  islets  and  three  small  rocks  lies 
.liiciiit    h:iir  a    mile    north    ot'  Solieiiiiics    Point    and    nine   miles    north    t  wciity  ei^^lil    ibj^ices    west 


\\.)  Iiipiii  the  .Snr.     There  is  broken   ;'rouiid   between  them    and  the  n 


icKs  eiosc  nmlcr  tin 


|>niii:.  .mil  al  least  one  Innthir  in  the   passage,  but   outside,  the  depth    is  twenty   I'alhoins  close  lo 
iluiii.     No  kelp  is  laid  ilow  n  about  them,  but  it  may  exist  in  fa  voi.ible  seasons. 

\'inl(t  I'liinl. — Th.s  ])oiiit  is  two  and  one  sixth  miles  northwf.sl  by  norlli  (NW.  by  N.)  from  the 
I'inli.i-  lie  lo>  l.obos,  and  one  and  two  thirds  miles  soittlieast  by  south  (.SI''..  b\  .S.i  IVoiii  the  outer 
\\iii''!  KiM'k  at  the  south  point  of  ('ariiiel  Hay.  It  is  somewhat  piomiiieiil,  beeanse  Ihe  slioie 
rilir.ii>  eastward  both  south  .iiid  inuth  of  it.     The  el  ill's  of  ihe   point   are  about  one  hundred  feel 


li;;li.  Miv  lai'L'eiKand  eloselv  bordered  b\   inaiiv  n 


The  surface  of  the  risiii''  land  inside  the 


p'Miii  ,-  iiipi  timbered  for  one  third  of  a  mile:   then  pine  and  oak  eoxcr  the  middle   liei<;ht  of  the 
iii'iiiiii.un  side. 

on   \ankee  Point  the  soiiiidiii;:s  are   bold,  but  the   botioin   is  badlv  broken  to   the  iiorlhwesl. 


nitli 


■II  fathoms  the  least  water  found.     The  thirl\  fathom  curve  is  half  a  n 


.tV 


hole:   till 


l!U\  l.i;leiii\  cui\e  is  one   mile;   the  seveiitylalhoin  ciirvc  is   three   miles,  and   the   eiuhtyl'athom 
luive  is  iiiiii'  null's  otV  .shore.      N'oilh  of  this  is  a  deep  submarine  valley  hcreafler  desciibed. 

1  '"'.'(  /'iii;i/  Uniil.ir. — This  il,iii;;er  lies  one  and  li\e  sixths  miles  north  liiiily  li\e  decrees 
West  \ .,;.",  W.)  from  the  Piedias  de  los  I.obos,  and  Just  inside  the  ten  fathom  cui\e.  It  is  one 
'l'''"i'i  "I  a  laile  o(V  shore,  and  only  oneliflh  of  a  mile  inside  the  line  from  Ihe  Snr  to  Point 
(')|iri  ... 

!!•  iiiltiiii'x  /,((hi/im;/.— It  is  reported  that  a  chute  landin.i.'.  known  as  Ilamilloii's  l.andin;,',  has 
liivii  I.!  ill  out  from  the  shore  just  lotlie  northward  of  the  Venliiia  Uocks.  .\  saw  null  with  a 
'■i|iiii:\  n|  iwehe  ihoii.sand  feet  of  lumber  per  day  has  been  erected  there,  and  lumber  , mil  I. iii 
iMik  .si.  Plied  Iheiice. 


I  '; 


1.1 


l;58 


PAC'II'IC    CoAsr    IMI.ol'. 


CARMKl.  HAY. 


I'  •*: 


iSi 


b    I 


This  is  tlic  liroad.oiw'ii  buy  llrst  in;iil(' tiiirtfi'ii   iiiiirs  iiiiitli\v;ui!  of  tlic  Siir,  iiiid   Iviii;;  ti 


miles  soiitliwiinl  111'  I'oiiil.  I'iiius.      It  is  icadilN  »lisliii;;iiisliril  linii 


aid    liciMlIM'  I  lie  rii'vl 


til'  iiuiuiitaiiis,  wliicli  lias  bi-cii  iiiiliiiikcii  rnuii  near  I'it'<lia>  I'ljaiica.s,  ImaKs  dow  n  lit'liiini  HiinI. 
ami  ;;iv('s  |iassay:c  wav  In  tin'  Caiiiu'l  llivci'. 

Till- l>a>  lies  liciwccii  I'oiiil  C.s  |iit'>s.  rnrmiiij:  llic  iioi  Iliwoi  |i(iiiii,aiid  I'liiiiM 'ai  iiirl,  \v  lii.; 
lilt' (<(>illli\vi'sl  |iiiiiil.  lictwi'i'ii  lliisc  Iwo  |iii|iii>  till' l>a.\  is  liiiti' ami  m\  en  ii;;iil  lis  iiiiifs  m  n.  ,. 
allliiiii;;li  flint laclfil  aliuiit  a  mili'  by  Timl'fi  I'niiit.  l\iii;,'  iif,iil>  MiiilliiM>t  rmiii  I'liiiit  ('\jiii  v. 
I'liilii  llif  lilif  jiiiiiili^  tilt'  two  imilils.  till'  ;;lfati'>l  li  rt'>>iiiii  ul  tin'  >li(iif  In  I  lir  fast  u  aid  i-^  I  ^' n 
iiiilos  in  lilt'  mii'tlii'ast  I'uM'and  tmr  and  si'M'ii  liulitli-i  milt -^  in  tin'  sunllii'ast  aii;:li' til'  tlir  K  i 
Till'  rasti'iii  slum'  nl'  llif  ba\  Is  twn  and  a  i|iiaitiT  iiiilt's  Inii;;  .iliniil  iitHtli  by  wi'.st  liall  vi^i 
(N.  by  \V.  A  \\'.|.  Willi  I'tnniiaial  i\  I'ly  Inw  tiilV>.  Twn  lliiids  nl' a  milt'  iinilli  norlliwist  (NNW., 
rriiiii  till'  SDiitlii'ast  aii;;lt'  tif  tin'  bay.  tin'  ('aiint'l  l{i\t'r*  iltbiiiiflifs  into  llit'  bay  lliiiiii;;li  a  mmiili 
abiiiit  tint' liiimlri'd  yards  ai'iiiss,  ami  in  llir  fMii'im'  stmiln'ast  |i;iit  ii|ii'ns  a  small  stitMin  t:i  l.il 
tilt' San  diisf  ( 'iffk.  Till'  ia>tt'in  sljon's  fni'  a  iiiiaitir  nf  a  mill'  lunk  aif  tlf-^liliiti' nl' Inr^.  imi 
I  li  Ill's  ami  oaUs  thi'iifi'  fii\  it  tlif  ^n-alrr  pat  t  nt  tlif  siii  I'aii'. 

I 'ill  lit  (iiiiiii  I.' — This  is  tilt'  Ml  11  til  w  I  si  I  mill  I  111'  (  at  int'l  l!ay  nnd  is  Infaliy  Uimw  n  In  llii'  w  li.ilr;  ~ 
and  iillii'i's  as  I'niiit  I,iibus.  It  is  ;i  wry  iMi';;iikii.  Ja^i^^id  |iiiiiit  ul'  imK.  iit'ai  l\  oiii'  lininli.  .1  i. .  ^ 
liiudi.witli  iiiimt'iiiiis  Mirks  fliisi'  iimliT  llif  ililVs,  sf\ rial  nii'k,\  Isifis  ni'arl\  uiir  ihinl  nl  a  milr  .n. 
and  niii'  biiMki'i'  half  a  mili'  nil'.  Tin'  fxtifinit.\  nC  llii-  pniiit  is  s|iaisfl\  fiiM'U'd  willi  pim'  linv. 
iiiitl  halt'  a  milt'  iiisidt'  is  a  rnt'ky  liillni'k,  kmiwii  :is  Wlialri's  Kmiil,  wlirmr  a  Innknnt  I'm  wli;ili>  is 
ki'pt.     Iiisidi'  111'  Wlialfi's  Knnll  tin'  pines  cnvt'i  llii'  .siiil'aei'  uill  up  the  mniiiitiiiii  side. 

Ihliii/irs  III)'  I'uint  ('iiniiil. — These  aie.  as  t';il' as  kniiwii,  with  niie  exeeptiiili.  all  \  isilile  imU, 
and  eunsist  nl'  seveial  enmpail  fliisteistil'  loeks  ami  rneky  islets  kimw  n  as  the  Whaler  lineks,  |\  :ii^' 
abnlit  hall'  a  mile  I'rnm  .smith  in  snllthstiiilliwe.st  (rrom  S.  tn  SSW  .>iii  the  e\lleliiil\   nf  Ihi'  )..    !  1. 


The  niie  sunken  rnek   lies  alitiiil   three  hiindred  yanis  snuth  sn 
of  these  eliislers. 


itln.ist  ;SSI",.)  rnim   I 


le  niiti'i  iii"-t  , 


I'liiiit  Ti/y;)-, .\.s.t_Tiiis  is  the  iinithwest  iinini  nrCaiiiitd  llaN.aiid  is  a  ftimiiaiatlvel 


V  IllU  .  1'mIiV 


pnint  stretiliin^  mit  nearly  two  miles  beyom 


d  till'  ^/eiii'ial  Iriiid  nf  the  cnasl.     The  elill's  air  sli 


and  a  ;;reat  iiilliiher  of  rneks  lie  tliise  mid  el   llielii.  w  hilst  a  few  si  If  I  eh  iillt  nlielil'tli  nf  a  in  I  If       1  U)| 
pnint   is  enveifil  by  a  tielise  ;,'iiiwlh  nl    Mniiterey  express   enmin;;   ilnw  n  ni'all.\    tn  tlif  e\tlfii  :      if] 
the  eapf,  and   Inwards   the  lia,\    tlif.\   leaeh    the  til;:e  nl    the  ilills  at   'I'lmbtr    i'niiit  and    I'fsf. 
I'niiit.     Tlif  ilppf  r  bi  aiifhfs  iit  tlif  f  \  piiss  Iri'fs  are  spread  mil  li\   tlif  iiitliieiief  nf  t  lif  si  rnii^.  |  m  . 
\  ail  in;;  w  imls  and  |ireseiit  a  llal  nr  iimbit  Ua  dike  appea  ranee;  their  tin  iiivs  are  ;:nailed  and  d 
Till   land  behind  ii.'4es  tn  seVf  i  a!  hnmlrftl  ffft  flevatinii  ami  is  tleiisely  wnndetl. 

The  ;,'i'iiura|iliifal   piisitinii  nf  I'niiit   Cypress,  as  tleteriiiined   !i\  the  \' .  S.  <'nast  and  ( 
8iir\i'V.  is: 


I  oiii  lid 


Liitliiulr ;ii; 


Ln|if;i!ililc 
Ol.  in  lillK 


IJI 


■■I        II    ,-    ll.Tlll 


.l-.'.l. 


From  I'niiit  ('y]iiess  we  have  the  I'nllnwiii;;  beaiiii;:s  and  tlistanees  to  pinmiiienl  p 


Pollil    Sll 


1...  ili'-t.iiil  ll'ij  mil 


I'liiiit  I'iiins N.     I:;     i;  .  ilisiani     t    mile 


I'.riiil  .\n.i  N 


Ili'Vd   iil^W 


liiMl.' 


\       II     W  .,  .hsiaiil  -.W.i  mil 


The  tlistaiiee  to  I'niiit  J'ietlras  I'llaneas  is  sivly  sfveii  miles,  but  the  ]ininls  are  mil  iniii  \ :    'ill 
Cyiirixs  linrh.  a  small  roek,  fully  yards  in  ixtfiit.  lifs  tliiff  hiiiidrfd  and    Ihiil.s  .\aii|s  i    itf 

west  by  west  (N\V.  by  W.)  fimn   the  eMiemily  nl     I'nint  <  xpiiss.     Smilh  nf  it  lies  a  MiiiLr (j 

whifh  i: 


de.serilied  belnw  ainoli;;  the  hidden  tlali;.;t'rs. 
'riiiiliir  /'iiint  lies  niie  mile  .sniilheast  (SI",.)  from  I'nini  Cypress.      It  is  a  very  sli;;hll,\ 


roekv  el 


HI.  enverei 


1  wit 


I  e\  iiress 


In  the  ed^^e,  and  bortlend  by  rneks  i-lose  under  'I. 


I'rsciiili  III  I'liiiit  lies  twii  mill's    sniitli   sixlv. seven   and   a  half  ileL'ri'fs  east  O.  IITI     1 


Point  Cypress,  but  they  aif  iint  inii  ivisilile  mi  afeimiit  nl'Ti 


I'nini.      The  slinlf  lillf  ll' 


i'"il 


•  IJio  Cannc'ln  was  tin-  naiin'  a|p|iliril  tii  this  slnaiii  !■>  Vi/iaum  in  li.ri'mlii  r.  IDii','. 
tOii  llii'  Ilia  S|.aii    'll  ili.iil.s  I'linia  il<-  Iiih  I.hImis. 

!  Ill  Ilaliviii|il.'s  ciipy  lit  till-  skil.li  nf  Miiiili'ivv  Ilav  l.v  linn  .Ins.f  Tnliar  >    ram.iri/  In'  ralN  tliis  I'niiil 
eviili'iitly  It  iiiiitakf  (or  I'miit  Ci|)if.'<al.      ll  was  i  alli-il  I'oiiil  riiin-*  li.v  llii'  laiul  r\|iiiUtiiiii  of  ITlJD. 


V  m 


( 

■;.  1 

1 

i  .  i 

i 

■  ■  i 
■ 

1 

, 

I'll 

1 V ,'  m 


Mm 


.^•rr^. 


..>^*' 


Jh^'^^^'"'-^'.  ^'■""j'      /]^ 


r<iiiii  I 'v)iii'it,«, 

N.  Iiy  W,  I  W  '.  Ui  i,mI>'h. 


Wliiti!  riiL'k 


Tw.i  Trt'i'!..  1,9(10  fret 
a.i  K.,  12  milt  H. 


^• 


Kiu  k.  N.  hy  W.  4  \V.,  Hj  miles  J'..liil  Lyprriw. 


C'yiJitim  liL'cg. 


Rocky  cliifs. 


■  r"' ■  T  ♦-  ■•"r^.^'^--,^. 


<r  '^■- 


tViiri.TiS-g^jZ-g 


^.> 


,..,4^-.,..-:..^,„,, 


I'oint  (.'ypreHN,  SK,  l>y  S.  i  S,,  4  nnltw. 
'I'Uf  (Sur.        Cypross  Kook. 


I  »?H!STI'B!!WHW 


'^0 


5«1 


.<•:'   r 


i 


('yiiiiss  is 
o^v  'II  ;i  I 

hr        IIMT    'I 

;  1  ,t|.|i 

I  H-l    l\illl    S 
|.    I,    ,V|.s| 

:-  111,11  L 

\    /l/'<(/; 

(!fi    r'lillirl 

II  ii.'  ill  L;i'ri 

I'.s.     ,,1,TM    I 

\  hn;il 
ii.i..  i'lijiit 
It  .I'l  I  <li'('|i 

h  lii'-i 

.11'  1   I  ,<('  III! 

■  r  ..   ,1  liy 
lii.i:  V I'sscN 

:liir!iu|M;;c  \ 

i;irl     I  111'    >      II 

''Vi'  i  ^iilc,  ii 
I'l-ii.  Ihc  t' 
n.'Mi  ilir  pi 

»!i  li'li-;  Nl;i 
Till'  iiiii 

iir.  At-i-  llf 
-i  n'l  iilM;,' 

111  llli' 
|;:ir  .liiiiii;; 
,1  l'lii-/.i'  IVii 

Siilniini 
I-  III  It    llClll 

I  '^ii  initiilrci 

I'll   I'lrl   \Mll 

I  !i:  '■  I-  ii  Hill, 
i-'ii  ■  '■  Ml  till- 
I'  ■-:  f.iriih 
'I'  .    ri>  »|'.s 

'  ''>.M:K  the 
'  ■   i'l  -I'lllfl 

■  •'   'iii-i  |ia 

'    ■■     '!!'■    Ihllli 

I      "•  \,lll. 

■  ■  1.  11'  mil 
'    ■    '  m|-  I,  . 

'   '•'       UlllCI 

'■■  '  !  ii\  r.i 

-•''■'   11'  iiii 

!..  illf    1 
>•"',-,    iiiiy   n| 

I"    '  !    "II    |>,l 

i  ill'  Ml-, 

111  •..  1 II  III  ,., 

Miff  til 


H 


w* 


rACII'lC    (■>).\ST    IMI.oT. 


130 


('y]ii.  --:  IS  (Iciiscly  wodilcd  (()  tin'  vt\<^f  of  I  he  clin's,  iiiid  ;,'ii;n(l('il  liy  ninny  snnill  idcks.  Tlir  \w\i\i 
i-i«i  .  ii  .1  1(M''k.\  iilnlV  111  (inc  liumlrrcl  reel.  In  a  K'^tiicli'il  .sense  I  lii.s  |i()int  nii;;lil  lie  (■ons'idcii'd 
ill,     iiiiT  iiiirtli  pitini  111'  (  ,11  iiiel  Hay. 

i  lie  hidilvil  ihtr  II  rx  (ilV  llie>e  |iiiliits  all"  as  t'nildws: 

;  I  .i|i|iri)ifliiiiu:  » 'aniiel  r.,i\  Irnin  llie  ikhi  liw  ,cnl,  eare  slimilil  he  taken  tu  a\(iiil  tliesiiiiKen 
I  ,  >  illi  si\  lee  I  111  w.lei-  11 1  Mill  it.  a  in  I  inai  Ued  liy  a  Ineaker,  u  lihli  lies  I  luce  iiiindieil  .ind  lliilty 
.■  I'  wesi  (Viiin  i'ninl  <  '\  |iies>,  and  I  wn  liiimlieil  ,ind  i  i;;lity  .\  aids  sunlli  I'm  mi  <  '>  pres-i  l.'oiU.  w  liieli 
I-    '      111,11  k  111  liii'  ale  il.       Tliele  is  a  de|itll  ul'  tin   ralllnliis  elnse  (illlsiile  iij'  it. 

\   /,)•<<(/,./•    Willi    tell    I'eet    (if   uatel     oil     tile    sMlii>en    link    lies    iialfw.lV    lirtweell     i'liilit    ('\|iress 

;iiii|  I'liiliei'  I'liint  and  a  iinarter  iil'  a  mile  ntV  slime.  I'nnii  ('\|iiess  l.'uik  il  hears  smiili  t\venl\- 
leiie  ,i,  -rees  east  .  S.  !'!•  I",,  i  distant  t  u  ii  I  Imds  iil'  a  in  lie;  il  lies  tin  1  lie  iaii;;e  nl' 'i'lnilier  I'ninl  and 
I',-.,   ..Iilii  roiiit.       i'liere  is  deep  Water  aiiHind   it. 

\  //)■(((/,(/•  Willi   deep  water  ariiiiiid   il    lies  iie;;il.\   liall'wa.N  liei ween  'riinher  I'liint   and  Pcsea 
il,i.,  I'liint   and  a  liltle  over  li,iir  a  mile  Itiiiii  shme.      I'liere  is  a  depth  nl'  lil'ieen  ratluuns  inside  nl' 

It  .I'l  I  ileep  w.llel nlipiies  In  the  sliiire.       St  ra;^j;ll  II  U'  kelp  is  riillhd  oill>lile. 

[i  hes  ,1111'  and  iiiie  llnrl  iii  les  sniilli  liirlv  lw,i  decrees  eas|  ,  S.  Il'  I",.)  rrdlii  I'liiiit  Cypress, 
:l||i)  I '.'  n  til  I  Ills  ,il'  ,1  mil,'  >'iir  11  sixly  lliri'i-  dl';,'lees  we>t   (,S.  tl.;  '  \V. )   t'liiin   rese.iderii  i'nilit. 

.1 ,(, //'i)(r,/c  ill  Ciiniiil  liiiii. — Till'  inirtli  aiielinia;'  •  in  the  hay,  east  ul'  rescadeiu  "uiiit.  is 
liiaik'd  hy  very  I'mil  urnillid.  rneky  i-.le|s,  and  sti  a;:i;lili_'  lielp  tu  llie  e.i--lwaiil.  I'.ill  il  is  icpdiled 
til. i:  Vessels  |.  iiiiuiii^-  the  liii'.il  peeilliaiities  of  Ihepl.iee  lilid  I  his  I  he  liet  ler  a  liehol  .1  j^e.  The  old 
;iiiilinra„'e  w.is  111  the  siiiitlieast  pail  of  tlir  lia\,  iii  a  coNe  ahoiit  lialf  wa\  lietwcen  i'oiiil  (aniicl 
.III, I  iiir  >  lithe. (St  aii;rh'  of  the  li.iy.  This  cove  is  in  pari  foinied  \i\  loeks  ;ini|  a  r,iik\  islet  on  tin' 
n,'  I  -i,le,  and  li>  rocks  on  the  cistern  siile,  alth'iilL;h  a  depth  of  li\e  .iihI  si\  f.ilhoiiis  i>  found 
iiisi,li'  till'  two  maiiilainl  puiiils.  wliieli  are  only  three  liiindred  \aids  apart.  It  i>  piiils  pioteeteil 
III, Ml  l!ie  iirevail'ii;,'  suiiiiiier  winds  liy   Whaler's   Knoll.     This  cove   was  irrineilv    oeeiipied  as  a 

«  li  li'li;;'  sl.il  lot  ," 

ilie  northwest  swell  does  not  roll  into  this  part  of  the  hay  so  iinieli  as  would  he  ('\)ieeled, 
liii  ,i(iM'  of  the  exisleiiee  of  the  \eiA  deep  w  alel  that  is  found  in  the  head  ol  the  siihiiiai  ilie  \  alley 
■:ii'iiliilij,'   111   here. 

Ill  the  w  inter,  tlillilin'  soiil  hells  weal  he  r,  I  he  sw  ell  sets  into  ( 'ai  niel  i',a\  Ml  \  lie,i\  ily  at  t  lines. 
!;  I'  iluiiii;;  thai  season,  W  hen  1  he  \(  eat  her  is  plea  -unl,  l  he  sin  \ ,  \  inj;  sleaniel  al  w  .i\  s  \pel  ieined 
I  I'lnve  fl'oni  the  northward  and  e,i>lw.ir,|  lilowin;.'   oni    of   the  lia\   in  the  eail\   iiioi  iiiii;:. 

^'■Inliiiriitr    \'iitliil<il    r,iriiiil    lUni. —  Another    example    ot    llie    slilni.ai  ilie    \alle,\s    ol    the    eo,ist 

-  '  I.  It  lieailiiiu;  mill  <  '.u  m.'l  \\.\\ ,  w  lure  t  here  is  .i  dept  li    of  I  w  eiil  \  ■  fi\  e    l.il  lioins    of   water  w  il  liin 

!    "  iiindied  yards  of  tin'  sliofe.     The  lilts  f.ithom  <iii  \  e  on  Ihe.^oiiih  side  of  the  valhy  is   nearly 

|i ,;  I'lil  with  the  south  shore  at  a  distaii  e  of  iiiil>  one  ipi.ii  ler  of  a  mile.     The  I  w  o  hnmlred  fatlioin 

1       ,   isoii!\    twelve   hiiinlied    \ards   north    111    I'oini    (aiiiiel.     The  I  w  o  liiimlieil  ami    lift>  lailiom 

1-  ;;    •   ,il  this  \  ,il||,\   lie.ids  at  ,1  posilion  less  t  hail  one  Inile  iiorl  h  siM  \  de;;iees  w  est  (  N,  lltl     W  .    Iioiii 

I'    '  ■  I'.iriiu'l,  ami  I  hi'  three  li  iindied  f.ilhoin  eiiiM'.  one  and  one  i|U.ii  ter  miles   north  i  i;:lil  s  ilnee 

■  '  s  west  (  *:.  .S,;  '  W  I  froai  I  he  s.iiiie.      There  is  a  seeoml.ii  ,\    headiiiL:  ol    this  siilniiai  me    \  alley 

'  -s  ihi'  iiorihe.is'  e.ive  of  tin'  li,i\ ,  so  t  hat  the  t  Weill  \  li\  e  l.illiom  eiirve  is  within  li.ill   a  mi  If 

i  ' -,' nleio  I'oinl,  and  llieoiie  Inindred  fathoin  w  ithiii  tliiee  ipiaileis  ol  a  mile.      .\  lliiid  Inam  h 

lis  parallel  w  ilh  t  lie  oilier  shore   of    I'oint     ( '.ii  inel,  and    the   I  w  o  hiimli  eil  l.il  Imiii  soiimliiius 

tiille  Mintliwesi    |i\    we-t    (SW,    |i\     \\'.|    fioiii     Whaler    Iv'oeks.        llie  ollli  1    pal  I    of  ihls    sllli 

v.ilh'y,  fiiiiii   llii,'e   hiiiiilied   to  three    linndred  aiidliftv    t.il  hums  d,  ep.  appi  ,ii  s  lo  emiie  in 

•u     ae  iliil  thwi'Sl    li>     lioilh    (NW.    Ii\     \\  .   ,    pai.lliel    wil  II   t  he  ;.;eliel  al    tr,lli|iil     iheshoii',    \\iliia 

■  "f  less  than  Inllf   .l   ll.llr   lietweell  the    three  llllliilled   l.ltiinm   lines:    iiiid   It    then  illlMs  to  ihe 

-l!i,Ms|     ,  f'.N  I:.  ,,   parallel    with    thes.nilh    shore    of  Cillliel     \\.\\  .       'Ike    shalpesl    ilescelil     is 

\   I'ltlioiiis  1 11  fi,iii   hiindied  and  se\  eiit  \  li\  e  fathoms   in  two  I  hmls  of  ,i  mile,  or  two  I  hmi' 

I'  liiindi  'li  and  lill\   feet   in  three  thoiisand  live  hnndled  ,ini|  ti\eiil\   feel. 

'ilie    lioilhe.isl    p.il  I   of  t '.ii  mel     I!, is.    liieli    II  p  oil   I  he  shin  e.   Is  foil  ml  ,1   1,1  r:,e  ileposi  I    ot'  sail,| 

'•'i-    liny  of  alimist  pure  silie.i,  v.iln.ihle  for  the  mannl.iel  me  of  ;;l,iss.      I'liis  w.is  loiiiieil\   lians 

'■''     '  oil  pack    III  II  les  to  Miintelev  ,  and   shipped   the  nee    to  S. I II    I'ranelsio, 

'  K'  Nlls.siiin  del  r.iriiii  lo  Is  >ii  ii.iieil  lull  ,i  short  disi.iiiee  In  ill  I  I  he  shores  ol    the  li.iv ,  and  eaii 
III  lelt.iiii  dileeiioiis  tioiii  the  w.ilir  when  passin;,;  or  eiileiin;;  the  li,i\. 
'I   Ihe  ,iliolislimenl  of  the  .SoeietN   of  .lesus    III    l.inver   Cillforiiia    liy    llie   1  liiipelol   I    li,i  i  les 


'.Sit  .Si'allllil, Ill's  .Miirair  M.lllll 


111,'  .N,,llll»isl  CiKlsl  111    .Viurnril. 


M 


tj  i, 


,;"i 


R 


i    %\ 


u.  n 


l«<i«»sJ^; 


81  i       m 


"'i  l,Mhi;n 


V' 


n 


i*l 


140 


i'\(  iric  ciiA'-r  rii.oi'. 


HI  of  SpMiii.  will)  till'  liMiislcr  nl   ilic  adiniiiislriiliiMi   ( 


t'  liif  iiii.Nsiiiiis  to  tlic  I >iiiniiiii';ui 


ami  uf  till'  |ii'ii|M'il\    lo  ilic  l"i, incite, 111   m 
(Hilfi.  ill  ■'nil .   I  TtW, 


iliT.    till'    \isit,lil(il'    Uoii    .Iiisi'l'  ill'  (i;il\i'S.  of  tin 


\  i>iti'il  Sail    I  >ii'mi  an 


1    Mci|it('lr\     till-    llir  I'lll'linM'  nl'  r.st:illli.«.liill;:  liii-.o..ii-. 
li'  .Mii|lti-lr\  .  liiiu   K^lialK  falli-il  till'  (.11  M,  I 


On    till'   ^lil  .liini'.  1770.  lir  I'l.iiinliil  ilial  nl    San  Callus  i 
Mis.sidii.  * 

I'liliit  Ciipiiss  1,1  I'liiiit  /'/t(ii\.  — The  distaiii'i'  t'liiiii  Poml  ( \\  pii'ss  in  I'miil  Piiios  is  loiii  !!■  ,  .. 
ami  the  Itrarinu  iinrlli  tliiili'i'i  lii'^ici's  rast  ^N.  I'!  V..).  Tlu'  slimr  linr  is  iiiail\  ,stiait;hl,  iinl 
is  loinii'il  i>r  liiw.  rocky  clitls  rhiscly  li.iiiii'liil  \<\  niikiII  lucks.  'I'lii'  lii.c  nl"  liiiilicr  talis  iiacl>  i  tic 
ihinl  of  a  mill'  riiun  the  shnic  ami  i  he  c\  prc-s  ^iws  place  lo  liic  |iiiic,  'i'lic  hci-hl  of  the 
ili'crcascs  ton  a  Ills  I 'oi  lit  i'llios.  ami  s.iini  ilniics  inai  k  I  lie  mii  liiciii  |>ai  i.  I'liese  lii-li.  «  Inle  a 
ilmii's  arc  i|iiitt'  ('oiis|iiciioiis,  i'\  en  by  nioonli^lit.  contrastcil  with   the  Mack  fonsis  licliiiiil  ilnii 

riiiiiiniil   Point. — 'I'lic  line  joiniiiLT  the  I  uo  poiiits  jia.--M-  umt  the  sll^litlx   iHnjeetin;;  I'\  i  i  -.1 


I'oinl.  whicli  lies  ha 


It'  u  .IV  liel  Ween    t  h 


licic 


aic  I  \M>  hall' mile  low  water  saiiil  lieac! 


just   liDltlieasi  ol'  ruaiiiiil  Pmn!. 


/*((»(/' i<. — No  liiiMeii  ilanm'is  are  know  n  oil   '  ne  sh   iec\cc|ii  .i  ^iiiikeii  rock  one  i|uai  ii 


iiile  iiortli  1>\   wc^l  (N.li\  W  j  iVoin    l*\iainiil  roin!. 


am)  thlee  ijllalters  miles  iioilli 


iliiai^ci--  ca 


•I  iX.  '  i:,  I'loiii  roiiii  «■ 


Then   is  a  I'ltii  iiirlii  jiiitih  t  w  o  hiiiiilied  an<l  lill,\   \  aiils  ilirecil\  oil    l',\iamiil  I'oiiil;  ami 
tliinl  1  (■  a  mile  iior;Iiwesi   li\  noitli    NW.  Iiy   N.    Iromthe  |ioini   Iherc  i>  foul  uiimml   ami: 
anil   '  liicc  i|ii.iilciN  lalhoiiis.      Slrauulin;:  Kelp  in  I  en  lo  Ilm  Iceii    lal  hoins  is  Ion  ml  hall'  a  mi!. 
side  the  po:i;t. 

'i'lie  kelp  line  i^  iiol  coin iniioiis  alon^'  this  shore,  lull   is  loiiinl  j;eiieiall\  in  small  palcho  r.< 
to   ll'.ltceii    t'a!  li'Mcs  of  w  aler. 

The  leii  fathom   line  is  less  than  half  a   mile  otV  shore  and   iieai  ly  iiiiilorinly  disi.int.      A 
mile  till'  deplli  is  tweiitv  five  t.iihoiiis:   at    iu.:"iiles  ii  is  tilt\   lalhoiiis,  and  al    tliiii'ini:i- 


se\elll\   ll\e    lalhoms, 

8iir). 


•r   the    deep  sea  solimllll 


ill    this  pail    ul'  Ihe  co.ist  sec  pa^;e  I- 


■•«  I  1 1 


I'OINT    IMNOS. 


This  pMiJnt    is  the  liortlit'i'ii   terniinatioii  of  llie   Ion;,'' and  tlcvated   riiii;;e,  named  the  Siei      . 
S.iiita  laicia.  which  liscs  to  a  hei;;lit  of  loity  tour   Inindied   and  .sc\entecii    led  at   Moiiiil  (         i  . 
siMccii  miles  to  I  he  soiithu  aid  ;   and  s!\  llioiis.ind  lecl  al  Ihi    peak  of  Saul  t  l.ncia.      Tail  tin    i 
is  liioKcn   Ihioiiuli  li\   the   (aiinel  iJivci  ;   amll>in;,'   liack  ol    I'olnt  ( '\  pn  ss  and    I'oini   I'liie- 
compaiati\ely  low  isol.ited  mountain  mass  formiiiL;  thei'Mieme  eml  of  the  mouniains.     This  i 
el  II  I'M  iciiiity  of  the  ian;:i'  is  dciiselv  cn\  cnil  w  il  h  pines,  w  Inch  c'cie  w  il  Inn  a  ipiai  Icr  or  one  I  hail 
of  a  mile  of  the  shore.      The  e\l  i  cine  ponil   in.iKe^   oijt   low  .  lock  \ ,  ami    il  le^nlai  l.\    I  oiindin;:,  "  illi 


\  isihle  iiirks  rc.iclnii'.:  oiii  f. 


r  a  ipi.irtcr  of  a  mil 


Inside  the  shore  line  the  land  Liradii 


lll>     S,n]ll 


Upward  lo  the   edi:eof  the    |o|is|.      '{'he    open  I  .order  is    eclicr.illv   ^;i.iss  co\eied    to  the  eastw.uil, 
witli  sandy  palchcs  and  dniies  in  ijie  sonlh\\aiil. 

Hell 'lid  tins  point  the  coa^l  line  continues  mcks  and  linns  sharply  lo  I  lie  e.ist  soii'Im  . 
for  three  mile-  to  the  li.irlior  of  Monterey,  wheiiei' ii  sand  lieaeli  of  maiiv  miles  fiends  si 
the  nortlnvaid  as  herealier  des.i  ilicd.  Hcliiiid  this  sand  lie.idi  are  liroad, 
e.\lcnsi\e  uiidul.itiiii:  eoimtry  to  the  eastward,  will 
dncctioiiH. 

These  physic, il  ciuidiiioiis  make  Point  i'nios  a  noialile  ,iiid  casil\  recoum/ed  hindmai  I 
seen  I'loin  Ihc   llorlhwesl.  however,  il  is    piojcelcd    a^.iilis|  t  he    liijjlier   masses  of  t  lie  Sii 

p  liic    xvcslwaid  Is    Ihc  lalcial    pn^li  of  Ihc  mo 


ow  Is  in;.'  I.iixl  -  . 
I   nianv  1 1  iliiitaiv  \,ille\s  eomiiiL'   In    In 


iaici.i,  whilst  thcjultili- oiii  of  the  land  I 


III 


!•  ii\.  iliiliili;.|ie.lili.iii  ulii.  Il    leCi  .s.,11  1),,^,,  .||||\    II,    i:r,;i I, 


r..ii  s.iii  I 


l.llHI^ri)     M.l- 


I liini  .ilt.r  irailiiti^  ll.iir  M Ilav,  ami.  failinu'  m  r 


j;  III  riiiiniii/e  llir   liarliiii' III'  .Mniilcli'V ,  ri"itiil  a  l.o  ^. 
rriisM  111!  till'  ,1)111  II  hill,.  I. r  Pi, Hit  I'liiiiH  III  iitirait   llie  alliiilinii  ul    lln    i  n|)ii1iIiiiii  i  uiiiiti^  liy  ^la.      iIiiIIh   .. 
rut  till.  Il  ;;iiiil,  "111)'  al  I  lie  I',  ml  ul'  lliii  a  ml    Miii  will   liii'l  a    wnliii);,  '  wliiili   w -.xn  an  arrui  Ml  nl'  llii  ii  i  \! 
I'alllir  (   lis|,i  -|\M    "I'lii^  II,,.,  w;i.  ,1,.,  I, it  nil    a    hull'    llilllllk  lIllKl.    Ill   llu-  tiiai  h  nr  Hie  Ml, all  liarlini  en  I 
""-    "       ■  '  'II   '111-  "'111  r  si,l..  „(  tile  iiiijiil  "  llii.y  iTi'ili'il  aiiiilliiT  inw-.  with  the  i-ai  veil  l>..;i  i 


lie  111'    i'liMll    P 


iMilaliil  .•xiieilllim,  linii,  San  Kieuu  ntmiMii   rnuii   Hum  |ilaiellie  '.Mil   Uiii  iiiliiT,  ITli'.l, 


II  i'\  iili.|,ll\  I'aiini  i  I'.iv,  hIiiiIi  |'.iili,.r(' 


Till 


I'nint  PiMis  ami  I'.iiiil  Cxiui-.v.,.    Uui    Hid    '  uIIht  snle  ii(  Hii    ji'init 


l-.|i|    lalli'l    llli.    Illli   .1    lie   Ins   I'liiiiH  ;     p,,l|il    I'i  linH  is  I  III'   W  iliile  |l, 


the  1 


ail    llnl    lie    liiialiil;    it  lllllil    lie  Hie  lilil' 


Tl,:s  is 
iil;;i    ..I    liie  ; 
ln.|;;liL    -111111 
;;n>illi.l        Til 

liljlll   llillll    SII 

ritiiii  Miiiih  s 

'•|s|   ,>.   s.s 

niiliiiai  \  eh 


iiy. 


1: 

^      ,.'()"  1 

I..1I 

"r, 

T 

le  |iirim 

■\    :   11 

ihls  s 

Ill 

till 

e.lst   1 

,ll.t 

es 
1' 

11 

III  yea 
mil  I'll 

rill' 
I'lii. 
.S-iii 
I'liii 

l'i«. 
S.iii 

11-  ilisia 

Imi 

111 

>  arn  i 

I'liiii 

Nf 

to  pass 

\ 

'     ■ 

1 

1; 

ichixlli 

'  ipi.irl 

1  m;:.- 

Iloll 

1  lllsl, 

Oilli 

Ann 

riHu 

I'.iiii 

.    lildiN 

IS  pi; 

li.lVl) 

lll\i'_ 

|10n|; 
1     l..\     t 

hen 
■   I'll 

:!»         I 


SI 


r\(II'I('    CuAsT    I'll.oT,  1  11 

PiMii  ~'ii-  I'liiiil  riims  rioiii  lliis  (lirt'ctioii  wuiilil  lie  iiHlistiii;,'iiisli;iltl(' luit  (or  l>i'iii;r  iiiMilifilhy 
|,m  -I  111  illllirs  Willi  iliirU  liillil  III!  cillifi'  sjili'.  IT  tluTc  is  :•.  ii;i/c  in  llic  ( 'illiiU'l  ;;:i|>,  tlic  piltc 
i-iivri     I  piiiiit  l<ii)iiisii|i  iiinr<>  |iriiiiiiiii'iill.v  :iiii|  phiiiily. 

//  iiiifirniihji. — 'I'lii'  liiii"  III'  llncc  l':itlii»iiis  drptli  cxtciiils  inMily  IkiIT  m  iiiilr  oiitsidr  I'uiiit 
Pi:i..  wln'ii  111!'  ili'|illi  Niiiliii'iil\  iiiiTciiscs  1(1  ten  or  liltccii  I'mIIioiiis,  iiiiiI  at  (Uic  iiiili-  rriiclics  I'orlv 
,,;  ini  ■,  iivt>  liilliDiiis.  'I'lif  llii'ci' t'allioin  liiu'  I'lillows  t  lir  slioii'  v\  itliin  11  tliird  or  liiill'  a  mile  into 
M,,i,;,  .\  11.11  liiir.  wliilst  Kiilsiiii  of  tliMt  line  llic  ilcptli  iiinrnsi's  as  .siiddfiilN  a.s  oil'  tlii'  i»iiiit. 
\,  ^v,  -  ^liiiiild  always  j;i\c  rniiil  I'iims  a  j;iiiiil  licrlli.  as  a  vri>  liia\y  wcsicily  swell  almost  iiiva 
i!.ii.|\  ^rts  upon  it. 

I'diM    riNiis  i.iiiii  r  iiitrsK. 

Ii  >  IS  a  st'coiidaiy  sea  '  oast  li;,'lit,  .sitiialt'il  upon  tin!  nori  liwcslci  n  pait  id' Point  I'inos.at  tlic 
,ii^r  .1  ilic  ;;iovvll;  ui'  plin's.  Tlic  Imildin;;' is  a  };iay,  niaiiilf  d wclliii;;.  one  and  a  halt'  sloi  jcs  in 
|,ii;;lii.  -iiniionnlid  l>.\  a  iKimd,  uliiic  inun  and  black  lantern,  wliirli  is  tliirtytivc  I'c/'l  above  the 
;;iiiiiii'l.  The  idiiininauii;;  appir.iliis  isot'the  tliiid  order  ol  I'lesiiel,  and  shows  a  _//.(('/  irliilr 
liji/iMiHiii  siiiix't  to  Miniise.  Il  illnininales  t  u  o  linndied  ami  eiuhts  'ij^lit  de;:iees  ot'  the  iimi/on, 
t'liiin  ^I'liili  .si\Ieeii  deniees  e.i.st  (S.  Hi  Iv  i  rniiiid  li\  west  ami  iiorlli  losmitli  ei::hly  ei;,'lit  di'(;rees 
.•l^l  >.  >s  !'..)•  Tin'  loial  plane  is  ele\ated  niiielyone  I'eet  ahove  the  le\el  of  the  sea,  and  with 
iiiili!i;ii\  i'leai'lies.s  ol'  tiie  allnospheie  the  li;;ht  should  he  seen   I'ldin  a  heij;lit  (d' 

III    frrt   lit    till'  ill'-lMlli  I'  nl     I  l.ll    lllilrs. 

■JO  C'rct  at  till'  ili>la]ii  .■  Ill'  lii.l   riiilrs. 
:ill  I'c  I'f  ilt  till'  (li»t:ilii.'  ..I    IT.-.'  iiiiliM. 

In      ■o;;raplii('al  iio>ith>n.  as  detei mined   ii,\   the  Coast  and  deoiletie  Sni'vey,  is: 

L.iiiiiiMi' ;;i'     :iT   ..i     •- ni.iili. 

I,nlii;itlli!l' I'.;l         ."il'     I''.'  \MHt. 

I  M.  Ill  tiini' - -       uT'"    ll'.l. 

Tlir  priiiLiiy  aslioiioinieal  station  nt'  the  C'lasf  and    (ieodetie  Snivey  (l.s.")l)  is  seven  limidicd 
\      .lids  neail\   ea>t  "f  the  ll^lit. 
I lii:>  station  the  m,i;^iii'tie  v.iiiation  was  tdiser\ed  to  he  I  1    .">>'  east  in  I'elii nary.  l.s,")!.  and 

!i ,ist  ill  Septein.iei'.  l"^7-'i.     The  eoinpiited  v.uialion    Inr  .l.iiiiiaiy,  lSS.-(.  is  li;    OL"  east,  with 

.1  I'll  -I  Ml  \eai  l.\  iiieieaM'  itf  one  iniiinle. 

IMiii  Point  Pinos  I.i;ilit  wi'  liasf  the  I'ollowiiij;  hearings  and  distances  to  piominent  ohjects: 

Till' I nil  111  ih.' S.iliiiiu  liisrr N.  Ill;     1'.  .  ili^i.iiii  i:'.    nulis. 

I'll  jam  I. a  mil  11^ N.    ■<      10  ,  ili-laiit  l.'i    iiiilr.>>. 

Santa  Ciii/  Li^lil-liniisr N.  .".i       \\   .  ili..taiil  I'.i*  miles. 

I'liiiil  .\fiii  Ninvii  ^ll^■^^lli^^tll• N.  .Mi       W..  distant  .11  *  iiii!i>H. 

I'inriiii  Coin  I  l.iulit  liiiiiM' N.  ..ii      \V..  ili-tanl  :!'.!»  inilrH. 

S.iiitli.  a>l  r.if.illuii  l.ii;lil  lum.sr N.  .'ilj     W  .  ilisiani  -1     inilrs. 

lin-  ilisiance  to  Point  Siir  is  twenty  one  miles,  and  to  Pied  i  as  lilamas  I.iiiii  se\etity-oiie  iiiiies; 
i'lit  lilt  V  .lie  not  inlervisiiili'.     Vi'>sels  lionnd  nonli«aid  si;;ht  i'oiiit  l'iiio.>  laejit  ami  then  la>  their 
•ii-i   III  pass  just  outside  of  Poiiil  Alio  Niievo.  ii|ion  whicii  is  a  steam  lii;;-w  liistle. 

^   'ihisiliiiij  Inioi/,  jKiiiiWd  uilli  hluik  mill  irliili  jicrjii  inliiiihir  sliiin  s,  has  iH'in  moored  in  twent\ 

'  i|ii.irtef  Liliioms  .d'  water,  o\er  h:«r<l,  sandy  liottoin.  oil  Poiiil  Piiios.      It  is  loeateil  liy  lieiii^' 

"II  llii    i.ti)p'<>4f  llie  Li^lit  hon-e  ,iii<|    the  white    lot  ii  oil'  the   point,  at    11  dislameot    I  lilee-i'i^^htli.s 

"I   I      '<    I'lKiii  the  i'oid\,  and  ti .     Imndied  ,\  aids  outside  the  lit  e-l.ttlioin  line.     The  follow  iii^  lieai- 

I  ili-I.ilii  jvs  me  ^^ivell  III  plominelil  olijeets: 

oiiit'r  w  lull'  rink .*»!•;.  J  K.  .'  iiiilc 

A iiIii.hXi'iU ."^il.  I'V  K.  (  !■:.         1 1  iiiiii'8. 

I'luil  I'vr.iiiii.l    S.  5  W.        ','1  niili'K. 

I'.illl'    Cspl.-.s    UimU .><.    I.\     A'.  I;    llllll'N. 

I  liilMN   IS  Mill  I II  led  li\  I  I.e  ,11  tioii  ol  the  se.i.  and  ;;i'.  i'>  fl  oiii  t  weiMy  In  tlili  i  S   lil.ists  per  minute. 

II  IS  placed   .\u-iNt   -1,   I  s>>l. 

^'  I   liase  foiiiii)  a  luanu.^i  tipl  rliai  I  III  Pnini   Pinos  to  Moiileie\   llarlioi,  t,ia  te  lioiii  the  li\di'o 
iiMey  (if  ihe  r.  S.  ship   11. </)«/(  in  ls|s. 

j"iL;iapliieal  .ind  lixdro^r.iphical  sin  ri  i<\   Montere_\   llai  lior,  iiicliidin;;  Point    Pinos,  w a.s 
1  li.S   the  < 'd.i.st  Sui\ey  ill   IS.'rJ.       i'liere    has  since  lieeli  pillilislied  a  slice!  c.iliiliil  iiij;'  Moii 
■  I    III  the  wt'Nt  ward  lit   Santa  Pi  n/,  and  alio!  Ill  I    ueiieial   iliait   emlirat  iii^   tlieeoa>t 
i'liiMsti'  r.odey:ii  Head.     Two  churls,  on   a  l.ir;;e  sc.ile,  lo  inhibit   the  top"j;rapli\  and 
imm  Piiiiis  tins    ,ds  Ilie  .Siir,  hjve  Ih'cii  receiitljk  pulilislied. 


:|  W' '  " 


I      I 


l-J-J  l'.\(  IllC    (OAST    I'll  or. 

Ivllicr   I'oint    Piiios  or  tlic  liiuli   inoiiiiliiin   muss  lo  tlif  smitlitMsi  of  ('Minifl   lia.v  was  ii.iiumI 
( 'alio  lie  Sail  Martin  1>\   I'ci  rcio  In  l,"ilL.',  and  initfil  a.s  tlic  terminal  inn  oT  the  raii.nt' siuct' known  .1-, 


ili> 


l.ai 


>icriM  S.inia  l.ncia. 


I'.iil  111'  wa~^  cliiM'ii  (ilV  till'  ('  last  lu'l'orr  rcai'liiii;;  it. 


Ill  1»"  I'ri's  Aili-,  ITni".  ii  is  ralli'tl  I',  ilf  ('aiiinli', 


II      l-i     llll'll!  I'lIHM 


Atlniiia!  .I.i^r  CaliU'ia    i'.iniin  ( Imi/a'cs  in 


17,; I  as  b 


'in;f   .it    I  ll 


!  of  a  unat  ^'iill' (riisi'iiada ;.  \vlirr<'  ••  ll'r  coast  sln'l<'ln's  oiil  al  a  point  ol' low  land  lirav 


1'   soul  l:C'|  II 


ll\     hill 


d  (low  11  lo  till'  slioic.  and   nanirii  ll 


lllla  dr  los  I'ilios.   ulilrli   I -c   ill  lalillldc  .'17  d<".:lr[ 


■n  ll  oiii  I  111'  1101  iliw  fsi  11  1^  a 


'•inal!   lull,  t"o  liaL;iH'-  in  Iciii;tli  lioiii  M!.  lo  ."sW  .,  and  all  < 


n\,  l,,l 


I  nil  jiiiic  ti'i'i'.' 


and   llial    lo  ilic  soiiiliuard  oi    ilic  iioint   a  fluster  of  clill^  makes  a  ^'.eod  I 


tirnk  to  know  it  ti.v. 


BAY  OF  monti-:ri-:y 


(iitii  r'll  fiiitiin  s- — I'oint    I'iiin^  t'oiin-;  tlie  >oiit  liwi-^t  iioint  of  tliis  lia\.  and  riinl.i  de  la  Suit; 


t  1 11/  I  loi  nil 


iiu    liieueNiirn   >lioieirilH'  ainlioiaueot   ."^ania  Ciii^i    llie   noilliwtst    |ioiiit.      A 


jniiiinu    'lie    liulil   llMiisis    lipoll    llle.-e    tun   |ioilils    llllis    liol  I  ll  t  weiitv    nine  and  a   liair  dt'i;rees  Uisl 


N.  I'll.',     \V.)    nineteen    and    oi 


le  liall   mil 


d   ll 


le    ;;leate>l    de|illi    ol'  llie    lia\    lo    llu'    ea^li^.ml 


is  neartlie  moiiili  oi'  ilic  S.ilinas  IJiver.  nine  and  tlnce  ei^liilis  miles  from  tliis  line.  It  in-iii 
fairly  lie  allirnied  I  hit  I  lie  iioi  lliwe>i  point  of  1  he  iiay  is  at  least  tour  miles  west  of  Santa  <  '111/.  imi 
the  slioie  IS  \ery  ireiitly  loniidiiiu'.  atnl  no  >]ii'eilie  name  has  lu'i'ii  ^i\en  to  ir. 


'I'lie  iiioiintain  I'liain  of  the  .Sjci  ra  Santa  I.iieia  iVoni  the  southeast,  termimitm;:-  at  Point  I' 


iiid  tl 


le    >'illtliwe 


-t    ll.iiik  ot   the  mountain  inassof  the   peniiiMi'.i  of  S.in    rraiiei>eo  press 


^. lllla  (  111/,  ma 


ke  two  leinarkalile    landfalls  f..r  this  h. 


\  ;  I  III'  moi  e  1 


speeiall.N    as  llu-  e,i>Ii 


is  lo\\  and  s.iiid.v.and  Imrdered  hy  low  lands  whieh  j  radiiall.v  use  to  iolliii;rliills  iiierea^iii;^  i' 
iiioiiiitaiiis  well  |ci  the  ea>t«aril.  In  approaeliiiij:  the  liay  from  .--eawani  tliese  peculiarities  ;;ni' 
It  'he  .ippcai.iiicc  of  a  :;ii  al  Linlf. 

Till'   ualiis   I  hioii_;hiiiil    the   liay   arc  deep,  willi    no    known    hiddi  n   ilan;:ers   whateM'r.     Tlie 


me  ol    I 


ih     l.c.iel 


I   or   \'<\\    liji 


ill>    111 


i\    he  .ippi 


oailii  ll    w  11  ll    ro 


lilidi 


■jlie   .Ii,.||, 


iliiWcM'l.  Is  nil!    le_;lllar,   imi'  ilm-; 
dclilliN    I  aii;;e   from    lifl\    Ih  e    lath 


ll  uicrc.i    •  j,M-ailiially  Iroiii  the  slmie.      In  the  sonlheni  |iai: 
Mil-  at    the  oilier  limit  of  the   lia\    to   lliiit\   falhoms  al   01  1 


ihiec  iiiiailciN  null-,  t'loiii  the  lie  leh,  and  to  tell  I  ilhniiis  ,ii  one  half  In  t III ee  i|iiarleis  niilis  i;.,:ii 
llie  lie. leli.  Ill  I  he  nil !  hern  pal  I,  t  here  is  a  f.iirly  iiiiit'orm  |il,iteaii  w  itii  the  thiit.\  latlnnii  ihim' 
>i\  miles  MMilli  of  Ihe  held  of  S;,'lipifl  <'o\e.  and  deeieasinu'  lei^iilaily  to  the  sIloic.  lint  li.  -r 
leunlar  appinaehes  aie  dividtl  liy  a  rcinarkalile  snlnihiriiir  rnllni,  similar  to  tlio-e  olf  I'  ■■ 
lliieiiemeand  otVCaiinel  |!a\.  This  v.dley  lies  in  the  eeiiici- of  Miiiitere\  l!a>.aiid  lias  h  ■  n 
to  some  e\te!it  tiai'iil  ('lit.  'I'lle  head  of  the  \  alley  lies  li\ c  ei^lil  lis  of  a  mile  Miiitli  of  the  Salai  i- 
l;i\ei.  and  Ihe  tweiil\  fallinin  line  IS  onl,\  a  ipi.irler  of  a  mile  oil'  the  lieadi.  the  deplli  ineri.i-.;i- 
lo  iilly  I'.il  lioiiis  in  the  iii'M  ipi, liter  of  ,1  mile.  \\  I  Ins  di>iaiiee  Imm  .'sjiore  the  tweni.s  i.iii"'ii 
lines  ail-  three  1  i^^hih  .  of  a  mile  apart.  The  general  direct  ion  of  the  \  alley  for  the  iie\t  tw  n  n  ■ 
is  miiiiImm-sI  h,dt  vv  1  v|  ,  .SW.  \  \W  .  w  here  we  find  a  dept  h  ot'  one  hundred  and  sex  cut ci  11  t'.itli"  n^, 
and  llu-  litlx  lalh'im  lines  lie  almnt  li\  e  ei^ilil  hs  of  a  mile  ap.iil  ;  llieme  I  he  \  alley  runs  a'"iii' 
wot,  ii-ai'liin^  a  dcpl  h  nf  niie  li  11  ml  led  and    se\  enl\   fa  I  lining  jji  a  mile,  and  two  JMllidlcd  and  I'". 


lalhniiis  111  tliice  ani 


11,11  tcr  mile-,  w  ilh  liirt\   two  fathoms  li  ss  than  Jl  mile  to  the  Imi  I 


The  soiindin;;-  all'  not  iiiimeroiis  enmi-h  to  11. ice  ll-  outline-  in  deep  waici  ;   Init  (lie  ml 
are  lli.it  Inr  ti  11  mih  s  of  its  Icie^ih  it    runs  xiiitli    .si\t\  d.  ^rees  west  !  S.  (1(1     W.I,  with   ' 
at  three   Inindled   .ind   lilleen    l.illioms.     'I'ke  only  a\  ail, dili-   lio.il    l.indinu   upon    the  )ie,e  ,< 
lia\  -Ik  re- i-  at  the  head  of  tins  suliinariiie  \  alk  .\ .      riicie  af  no  indications  on  tie- I  iml 
pecnii.ii    Inl  in.il  Inn.  1  Mcpl    1  h.ii   ji   jt>  he. id  1  he  li  i\    \  er>    ',;l  adn  illy    re.ielii"*  its  ;jie.il«  -•  i  .'  -1 

ilii      \hiiilt  II  ij     W  mil  (/,!/, .__'|  lie  M||.,,t   mount  am  lul  1  lei  s  Imrtll  ail'l  -nlllll  of  Mn|ili-re\     I 
1  he  rccedin;.'  nf  the  -hole  lo  the  e.isl  «,ird,  olVer  ;l  lun.lil  elilr.iiiee  for  i  Ih-  <nld  .llnl  lo;.'!,'.^     ' 
winds  of  -niiiiiiei .     Till  ii  iiilliieine  1-  Icii.  not   oid\    alnn^  iftn- eoa-t  line,  luit   llirMii;;li  'M  ■ 
opening:  iipnii  lln    l.iv.      The  n.^,  arc  \,-\\   In-.i .  \   and  w<  i  .(>»tilid  the  Minilieni  part  (■'    '' 
eolnplctel\    C1i\i|npe   I'nml    I'mos.       'I'licN    ill  I  \  e  ii\  er  tin-  li.li  twr  of   Moilti-r«'>   ami   VI- 
M.I-  \  .ille.v  :   .lion;;   '.liewlioh-    .-alid.\    -hole   lliey    treinieiitl\     jii'\iiil    its  Iu'IIh;  i»»'«'Ii    : 
lime,  and  \i'--i|  .  lei  I  Iheii    w,i\   liy  soiiiidin;;s  ami   the   roti    mi  ihc   .<-|iiiii-  us  fl-<*-Hl(e>«    ,1 
ruder  the   lli'lllnl  ll    p.ll  I  of  t  he  li.l,\    Ihe   fo^-  do    li.<|    eli  \  eii  ipe   I  he  -lull  e  W)  nWe^-fy  >|«ll)delr< 
oil  the    hill-lde.-    -Inpmji    lo    the    -oiilh    ti.e   eliinate    rs  e  ear   and    w.iiin.      S)'o,in'l   I  ..\e   .iin 

('ill/.  Ilarlior  itic  ofliMi  clear  whil-t  the  fo-  is  dense  to  the  .siKitlmaid  .y\<^  viwiw.ml.      1 1" 


llliilla'.iin  si 
.|:ivi  Ion  ol' 
.mil  .' '  I  mil 

/..  //-I 

I'liil  1 1 1!  use  I 

\i;llil~  llie  (n 

a  iii'.iv  \  jrro 
lllllll'  111  l^lll 

lllllll  -  "I    sll; 

iii.nki  'I  "  III 
liiiiiilii'd  ami 

i'\i-|\  n  here 

Ti.r  hail 
ll;  rmnt  Till 

Tlli'lc  aie  I  w 

Has  h.idly  ll. 
rill'  iilil  w  li.ii 

.mil  li'ieivc  I 
,m,ulc  al  Ic-s 
'.val'clioilse  111 
an'  cvpected 

>Il'.lllll'|S    ecu 

.■•I'tlli:;  lieyon 
li,\  anchi 
ili.il  roiiies  III 
.lll,\  hiTlh  till 
.ll|iiiiilML;e,  ov 
^iillllli'l  11    ('oa^ 

\in  -Monj;  ol 

l.ilMi'  nf  three 

■"^nliiif;  M 

.\lni  NlH'\i)  III 

"Iml  .ii.ii  lo  a' 

.lllil  kri  pin;,'  I 
t'>i'iit_\  live  liil 
"ill  liiiii-  thci 
'^'Ml'i.ii,    iiece, 

I"..  \  I'l  \  0(1 
1"  till'  .iiiilmra 
A  direct  e 
lln'  ilist.ince  I 
>»lltli  lill>  de- 
«li'llf  ,11  .Moiii 

I'l'iinilV;   llojlh 
Tile  ;;i'o^i 

Lain 

I... 11. 
1 1|,   I 

/■-.-Tl 

'""lllie  lilii,.  „ 

lo'i;  III  .prill;! 
"»'•'"  d'li.iiioi, 

.in.  .    .         , 

lietw 

■h  w: 


SI 


K^i  \h\ 


rAciFic  (oAsr  i-ihoT.  1  l;i 

111(111.  Ill  slionldcr  inakiiij;  soiitliwcst  IVdrn  Mount  Uaclit'  srvMiis  tn  Itrcak  tin'  fnici'  mimI  clMin;,'!'  tlio 
,1'iv,  :  ,i!i  dl'  the  wind,  and  to  piirtl.s  di.ssi|i.it('  tln^  I'o;^  on  acconnt  of  the  Insilcd  aii'  alon;;  its  ;;nlclM'.s 
,iiii|  ,'  -.  I  inilu'icd  .sidi's. 

I'll,  lliiihorof  Miiiilririi. —  I'roni  I'oint  Tiints  to  tin' ancliiirii^^'c  nil' iIk' town  of  MonliTcy  tlu'^fcn- 
.■i:il  1  n;ii.-.c  IS  cast  li\  sonlli  half  south  [V],  li\  S.  A  S,),ainl  the  liistanct'  tliirc  nnli's.  Tht'  slnnc  ttN 
«;iiil-  ilir  town  is  rn^;;i'il,  conijioscd  of  j^'ianitc,  and  fovcrcd  with  ;;iass\  siopi's  which  arc  hacked  l>\ 
iiiii'.i\\  L'rowtli  of  lir.  In  the  licndsof  the  shore  line  short,  low,. sand  beaches  are  seen,  and  show 
i|iiili- hn.:lil  in  niooniiLilii.  To  the  eas' ward  of  the  town  is  a  loui;.  saiid.\  heach,  liackcd  liy  sand 
ilniMNiit  >lij;lit  elcxaiion.  lichind  tiic  sand  dunes  t  he  hillocks  arv  covered  with  ;;rass  ami  sparstdy 
iiiiilvid  uith  oaks.  I'oi' a  dislaiiceof  ten  miles  alon;^  llii.>  iieach  I  he  line  of  tliife  fathoms  lies  on(^ 
IiiiiiiIh'iI  and  tifly  yards  otf  shore,  the  water  deepenin;;  rapidly  iieyond  that,  and  the  bottom  almost 
ivi  r\  ^\  liere  hanl  sand. 

■flic  harbor  is  broad  open  to  th'  inulh  noitiiwest.  Imt  as  it  is  ipiite  a  deej)  pocket,  protected 
In  I'diiit  I'iiios,  which  cMcnds  o\cr  two  miles  I'artliei  imrili,  there  is  moileiatcly  j;ood  aiiclioiaire. 
Tiiiiv  .ii<- luo  wli, n\('s  at  Monterey:  the  old  shi|ipiii^  wharf  and  the  railroad  wharf.  The  lattei- 
\v,i>  li,idl,\  dama;;t'd  in  ISS.I,  and  now  but  a  lew  pde-.  i'(  inaiii.  The  cuaslin;;  sleameis  lie  alon;;.>ide 
!lii' iild  w  liail,  which  is  bndt  in  I  lii' sonlhweslcrn  biuhl  ol  the  haibor ;  and  sailing:  \essels  discliartic 
, Hill  ill  cive  t'rei;;lit  there.  This  wharf  is  ei^dit  hiimlied  fret  Imi^'  (I>eceniber,  l.SSI),  uiid  ha.s  an 
.iie.'lca!  Ir>s  than  onethiid  of  its  len;;th  from  the  oi"  .  .  no, 'nii.i,i._r  jt  tnward  thewi-st,  There  is  a 
uaichnii^c  near  Ih.e  outer  einl,  t'rom  the  Iront  end  i  vvhicli  .i  ml  I'ujlit  is  shown  when  the  steamers 
;in' r\|'ccted  ill  at  nij;ht.  There  is  a  depth  of  sixteen  fci't  ot  water  at  the  outer  end.  ami  the 
>lf.iiiiers  j;enerall\  lie  on  the  east  side  of  tin'  wharf,  head  in  to  soiilli  by  west,  with  the  stern  pro 
,ri||ii^  beyond  the  wliarl. 

r.\  iiiclKUin;;  well  in  at  the  western  side  (d'  the  harbor,  vessels  will  avoid  nincli  of  the  swell 
!li,i!  (eiMrs  ill  With  the  lieav.v  lioilliwesl  winds.  I'liis  swell,  howe\c|-,  is  ne\cr  siiHieieiil  to  make 
,iii\  lii'iili  there  ilani;c'riHi.s.  The  inilneiice  of  the  swell  is  tell  ;it  the  wharf  more  than  at  the 
.iiiiiiDiMuc,  owine;  to  the  undertow,  lull  less  here  at  Monterey  than  ill  any  (U  the  ojien  p(Uts  on  the 
viiilhi'in  coast.  In  he. ivy  southerly  wcatliei  I'oint  I'liios  breaks  the  swell,  but  llic>  w  iml  draw  s 
\in  >!liilli;  oil  shoie  user  the  aiielior.i;:e.  The  w.itel  slliials  from  lilleell  to  three  latholii^  in  a  dis- 
Mini'  III  lliice  iiniidred  y.irds,  and  the  lead  should  be  used  lo  a\oid  ruuniii;;  in  too  tar. 

Snliiiji  Vessels  coinini;  tiom  the  iioitliward,  bound  to  Monterey,  lollow  the  coast  from  I'oint 
.\  III!  Nil  1 II  to  roint  S.iiiM  ( 'ill/.  I  hen  i  iiii  well  ml  o  I  he  bay,  bill  not  loo  lai .  for  fear  ol  losin;;  i  he 
»lui|  .11.1 1  III  avoid  the  set  of  the  he.i\  y  swell  lollili;^  low  aid  the  biaeli.  I,ea\  iii;;  I'oint  Santa  ('ill/, 
.iiiil  Kiipiii;;  on  a  soiitlieast  by  east  (Sl'^.  by  V..)  course  aboiii  liltceii  iiiile^,  will  biin;;-  vessels  into 
hWMity  live  latlnnns  and  nearly  l\o  miles  t'rom  the  be, ich  ;  Iheiice  a  soiilh  coiiise  for  eii^lit  miles 
»ill  III  111.:  I  hem  to  the  anehora;^!'  .li  I  en  lallioms,  and  h.ilf  a  mile  from  the  landiii.:.  I'hese  piecail- 
t.iill>^  iih  lleee.Nv.ii  \ .  iireailse  I'oint  I'lno^,  with  the  whole  b,i\,  is  fleipielil  ly  eineloped  in  a  dense 
I"'..  \  ci  >  oil  en  I  he  coast  i  11  j;  ste, liners  ha\  e  to  run  for  the  bc.icli.  .mil  I  hen  be  ;;uiiled  by  t  lie  role 
til  ilif  .iiiilioraj^e.     I. a  I'eiouse  sa.\s  he  heard  the  rote  when  one  Iciunc  oil  shore. 

.\  lined  course  Iron.  I'oint  .\iio  Niiexo  to  llie  .inehoiaire  is  soulhcist  half  east  (SI!.  '  1",.).  ainj 
III.' ili~i  nice  lliiiiy  si\  and  a  hall'  miles.  I'loiii  I'omi  .\iiii  Niievo  to  I'oint  I'iiios  ihe  beariii;^  is 
iiiiilli  liliy  de;;iees  east  (S.  ."((I  I!.),  and  the  distance  lliiils  four  and  onelhiid  miles.  I'lom  the 
wji.irf  .1!  .^lll||||•|e\  lo  111, It  at  .S.inl.i  Ciii/  ilie  disluiice  is  twenty  two  and  a  ipi, liter  miles,  and  the 
I't'aiitiji  north  ihiilyoiie  and  a  hail  ile;;ices  wesi  .N.  ;;IA     \\ .). 

I  lie  ;ieiii;iapliical  posi  I  ion  of  the  end  of  the  w  half  able, 1st  of  Ihe  cusloin  lioiix(.  at  Miiiiiirc\  is: 

l.aiiiiiili' ;iri    ;Mi   in   nuitii, 

l.iin-itnilr I'.'l     .'ul    :il     »i»l. 

'  II .   Ill  1 1  nil' -I'  IC  ■  :;  l• 
/'•  e>.— riie  Coiiecteil  Ivslablishmcnt,  oi  mean  Intel  va I  between  i he  time  of  the  mooiiVs  ir.iiisii 
•"I'l'lie  tune  i.|  h;-h  water,  is  X    I'J  .     The  mean    rise  and   I'.ill  "I  tides  is  ihiee  ami  fourlenllis 
•'■'•'     prill;;  tides,  lour  and    three  lenihs  liii;   .iml  ol   neap  i  nles  t  w  o  .ind  oueli '11    feel.      Ihe 
I  ilioii   of  the  lloial   isli';!!    ;  of  ihe  ebb.  li'' J   ;  and  ol   I  he  stand. 'i    .;.i  .     TJM-.ivcnme 
I'ctwcen  the  ciMi'ccted  4's|ablisliment  of  tlie  a.  in,  and  p.  in.  tides  ol   the  saiiied.i.v  is  1' 
''   '"I      -h  w.iicr,  ami  1''   I    for  low  water.    The  ditVereiicis,  when  the  ini  on's  ihclination  is  ureal 
'^               Hi    audi''  l.'.S  ,  i  I'spccli  vel\ .     'I'he  a\  cr.iee  (lijlircnce  in  lieii;,it  of  i  iicse  I  wo  tides  is  one 
eiillis  t'eet  fill  :!,(■  hi;;h  w, iters,  ,iiid  two  and  tour  tciilhs  led  lur  llie  low   waters.      W  hen 
''"   " '  '•«deili|i,ili(in  IS  ;;  I  cat  est  these  ilillcl  lilies  .ire  I  w  o  alid  I  w  o  tclil  lis  led  and  I  hue  and  sivcn 


m. 


^M 


I' 


y- 


\i 


'if^?  .^,- 


I 


m 


144 


I'Acirir  ciivsi'  rii.fir, 


ti'Htli-i  fri'i,  ri's|ii'cti\('I,\ .     Tlic  iiM'iaj;!'  ililVcii'iiri'  of  iIh'  liiulifr  liiuli  iind  lower  low  wiilc 


IS  nl'  til 


„llii('il,l\    is  live  Mini   llili'i'  Iclilhs  Ici't,  Mini  wlicll    tlir  IlKioil's  ilcclillill  |c 


;rr;itcst,  six  mill   ih 


tell  I  lis  liTl.      'I'lli'  lii-lifl'  lii.;li  inif  ill  till-  I  Wi'lil  \    loiii-  liuiii  s  iici'ilis  mIidiiI  '.I'  .ill    iillci  llii' ill 


'"III    ^   ll]ipC|' 


Inill^l!    ,-oiltlil 


lii;>,  wlii'ii  till'  iiioiin's  1 1  ('I'll  MM  111  II I  is  mil  III,  Mini  mN  ml  L'    "iH    lu'loic,  whin  sniiil 
Idwrr  111'  till- I  iw  wMli'i  s  (ii'iMirs  ali  ml    srvi'ii  Ininrs  iil'iiTtlM'   lii^ln-r   liiuli   liil''.     'I'lii-   ;,'ii'mIi 


•Mill   llill'iTl'In'C   llrlUl'IMl    I  III'   lil.V   will' IS  111'  I  111  i'  1 1  IV   W, 


liiiir  Mii'l  I  liiiM'  li'iillis  I'l'i'l ,  Mini  I ! 


I'- 1  i|;irririii-r  lirt  w  I'll!  Ilii'  liiulirl'  lii;:li  Mini  joui-i   \-f\\  WMlcrs  iil'  mir  iIm\   wms  si'Nimi  Mini  iiiih'  tni'ii 


li'i'l. 


To  linil  I  he  I  iinrs  of  liiuli  Mini  low  waters,  lirs!  ('iimi|)iiIi'  tin'  I  iiii's  fui'  S  iii  l''rain'is('i),  a 


ml  !ii|ii 


llif  iiiiiMliri>  t'liis  oIiImiiiimI  MihirMi't  1'   II"   I',  ir  M  iiiii'ii'V ;   I'.ir  llie  lieiLrlits  siilii  r.irl  two  truths  nl 

fiMil   riiiiii   llni^n  iililMilll'il  I'lir  .S.ili     I'r.iIiiM^ni. 

Till'  I  urn  III'  Mmiti  n  1/  incsciits  m  \i'I.\  ini-l  I  y  a|'|ir,,rMiii'i'  as  situ  linii  t  lie  waler.     I  iiiiiii  ili.iti-l 
lu'liiinl  it  till' riiiiiiliN   rises  ill  plMtc. Ills,  iliM'isiliiil  l)\   lull    am!    vailev.    ami    lieaiil  iIiiIIn    iI. 


iK  l;i  ii\  I 


III  till'  \M>t  III'   llle  liiwii.  III  riiilll   111'  llie  |i!lie  ruii'Sl,   was  silliali  li  llie  olil 


Ilf.i    I  \ 
■r.-.nl',,,,| 


Miiiili 


The  town  WIS  till' eaiiilal  111  <'ililiiriiia    while   nmler  the  i  iile  of  Mi'xien  ami    li 


\ears  alter  if   lieeaine  a  State.     In  I ss  I  it  linl  a  i>ii|iiil  itinii  uf  •_'.(iir>  jiersons,  lint   it   is  rapiilK 


ereasuii;. 


|IM\    1 

1111111 
1, 


."siv  eial  «  hall  iiir  eiiin|ia  nil's  have  their  e>tMlilishini'iit.s  at  Mnnterex  ;  their  enii  sin  l;-  i;  run  in 
il'  Mdiileii'V  anil  a  slnM't  ilislaiiee  In  sea.      I  »ui  iiiu:  t  lie  seasiiii.  whieh  iisiiailv  lasts  nine  n mi 


.MmivIi    t.i  Ni.\ 


eliiliei' — npera 


tiiiiis  Mi'e  eariieil   nil  liv  means   nl'  Imals    I'lirnisheil   will 


nice 


l.'e;:iihii  I'liMimiinieatiiiii  is  Ue|it  iqi  with  all  |i,ills  of  the  eiiasi  liy  -.teameis  ami  niimer 
iii;;\essel'    ami  the  railmail  imu   ::ives  iliieet  eonneetion  with  .s^iii  I'lMUeiseo  Mini  the  intei 


The  liailiiir  uf  Miiniere\ 


was  ili^i 


iiveleil    liv   \' 


i/eaimi    ill    liii'J,  liiit   his 


mi 


ilexTllitnni   ini-|i-i 


Ml 


ai\    I'.siieilil  inn  lit    1  Tti'.l  lieeanse    he   ilesi;:nateil    it    "a    liiilile  liailmr,  ami  seeliie  ai;ain^I 


■  iaiiei-<eii  l.iilie/ 


( liiin.ila.  in  his  lilsimv  ol'  the  Imlies,  ealls  the  w  hole  lia\   the  li  ilii  i 


il 


Adiniial  .lose  ("aliieia  Uiieno  (ion/ales.  writing;  in  IT.'U.  sa.\  s  that  the  noitlieast  siile  nf  rmui 
rinn>  liirnis  a  tannins  liarlmr.  which  inav  be  enteieil  steeiiii;;  straight  in,  ami  a|i|iroa(liiiu  iIh' 
>lniii'  111  ilie  (|i'|ii  h  uf  six  lal  hums. 

Till-  sIkii'i  \  iij'  Mmi'i  1 1  ji  Hill/,  iri'li  hiii'liiifis,  irliiin'i's.  I'c.  —  I'ollowin;;  the  shore  IVoiii  lln'ivii 
lit'  Monterey  iioitli'.varil  it  |iri'seiiis  a  iinifmin  saml  beach,  innnin;,'  iieaiiy  north,  liackeil  li.  I.ia, 
liie.iiy  saml  ilniies.  proilnciim  -|iiisel\  the  cimim'si  i;r.i^>es  ami  Imsl.es,  ami   eiitirel\  ile^i  ii  iite  nf 

lle-h  W  .iter.  Two  miles  to  l  he  mn  llie.lsl  111  t  he  to. \  11,  on  the  iinllieiliale  beach,  are  xeli  the  1  irj,'!' 
Iiatllinu  establish  meat  sol'  tin  II  it  el  ilel  M  iiite.  Cniiti  lining  north  wani,  this  waste  of  saml  il  mo 
extemls  In  the  .S  ilin.is  l!i\ er.  ol'  w  liieli  w e  reach  the  ;;re.it  beinl  at  about  nine  ami  ,i  half  Miiir> 
lioiii  Mniiiiii  \ .  .iml  iinlv  one  hnmlred  \  arils  I'lom  the  be.ich.      From  I'oiiit  I'iim.s  ii  In  mi  s  mn  lln'.i>l 


b\  no!  1 


Mil    iinailer   imi 


th     M-:.  I'v  N.  1   N.  .  ilisi.iiii   eiv'lit    ami    m   half  inilrs.      I 


lolll     I  ins  brll'l    till' 


river  I  nils  ]i  iralhl  w  iih  the  line  of  I  he  be.ich.  jist  in  nle  the  low  s.nnl  i  In  lies,  for  a  il  1st, nice  ol  \> 
ai.il  a  li.ilf  miles,  ami  there   iliscliar'j;es.     I''io  n  I'oini    I'lims   the  niMith   be.ir.s  north    by  t'.i-    i^ 


ill! 


el;;hl  lis  ea 


.1  ,N.b>  i:.  ;  K 


ami    IS   ilist.mi  twelve    ,i  hi    I  liree  i|ii,i  i  lei  s   n 


ri 


lele  li.iv . 


siMMins  vv  hell  the  1 1 V  el  bl  oUe  t  hroil;;ii  ihe  lie.ii  li  at  the  ;ireat  beml'  ami  I  here  tllscli.ll 
fireater  put  nl  ii^  watt'i>  into  the  l>.i\.  TIhn  nver  lia^  been  (lcsii;na'i  il  l>y  a  \  ariets  oi 
,is  I'.intiaveiiiii!,!,  Mnhieiev.  ami  ."s.ilinas,  bill  the  latter  i.s  now  i  he  .leeepteil  ii.iine.  Il  i-i 
l.llltinle  nf  the  I'leilras  I'.liiii  i-.  one  br.ineh  alioiil  twent>  ami  the  other  Ihittv  III!' 
liiiiii  I  he  11 1.1 -t.  rhe-.e  I  ira  iiclii-~  1 1  lee  I  at  the  tnu  n  of  San  .M  i;;  Ilel.  about  I  Went  \  seven  in 
nnithwesi  NNW.i  fioiM  .s^.ii,  1,111s  Obispo,  anil  theme  Ihe  stie.iin  inns  parallel  wiih  I. 
ami  liehiml  llie.'^ieira  Santa  Liici.i. 


liele  are    linw    m\  el 


.il  whaivis   Mini    lamliii;;>  in    Mniileiev    ii.iv   for  Ihe  shipineiil  of  tli'    I'l- 


illli'liniis  nl'  the  ailiaceiil   v,ille\s. 

Miis.s  l.iiii'liiifi  is  the  11.11 1  Ihe  \\  half  one  mih    Mint  h  nl  Ihe  In  nil  th  of  lilt'  Salinas.  ,i  I  |i 

ol    ihe    sn'.inarine  V  alle<    .ib'cMil  V  ilescrilieil.  ami    |:e>    nnilli    six    iliLirees   ea.st    iN.'i      I 


.\.ilur:i.    '""ill. 


||\     III'   Mil-    Crl; 


11. r     .11 


il   mil. I    .Ml 


It  lilt'   .MiitiniiuN    II 


I     111.'    .Sill  III 


Aiii.n 


till   lf<'|i  HI  nf  till' Sii;itiiiili-ii.liiil  ..I    ilii'T    S    ('..iisi  Sinvi'V   l..r  I'-.M.  .\|i|ii'iiili\  Nn   '.".i. 
In  |l.i;iMii|il   ■.  ,..|.v  ill  tin-  siiiMi  nf  .M.mli'ii'i  |i;n  tiy  lion  Jiiwf  Tiiliar  v  Taiiian/.  lin  lulls  llii.s  n 


ill'  s.iii  .Viitiiiii 


PAflllC    COAST    I'll, or. 


14; 


nil!.  .  1111111  Mo,itt'ir>  \\  hill  r,  and  scuitli  si\t,\  li\c  (lc;,'r('rs  cast  fS.  (l.")"  V..),  roiirtccii  and  a  lialf  miles 
liiiii  Santa  < 'ill/  «  liaif.  It  is  a  liiuli  wliiJi  I',  and  tin-  roastiii;;  stcanii'is  lie  on  tiii-  imii  licast  side 
,if  ii  to  disiliar;;!'  and  icccivf  iVci^ilit.  It  strrK'lics  out  to  the  nmlli west,  and  tlif  d('|itli  »{'  watrr 
at  I  111-  end  is  \  crv  \  arialilr,  ian_in;;  linni  ti'ii  lo  lltl.\  I'rct,  so  ilmt  tlic  niih  r  end  lias  scxi  ral  times 
lall.  !i  ill.     'I'lie  inner  end  is  liiiilt  ii\  'I' I  he  |ieninsnl,i  and   aeinss  the  Salinas   llixer  and   a  sliiii;;h. 


A  \':«\  In 


in  t'.veiit  V  li\  e  I'alhoiiis  nil   I  he  w  hart',  to  which  \  essels  can  haul  out.      'I'lieie  are  hea\  v 


liK  I'ki'i  s  to  I  lie  iioi  Ihwaiil  and  -.oniiiuaid  ol'  this  wliai  1°.  I  mi  I  none  inimediatel.v  near  it,  atti  ihiitalile, 
,1.;  i;  I 'ill  lit  llneiieme,  to  the  ;^ieat  depth  of  water  at  the  head  ol  I  lie  sn  I  una  line  sal  ley  immediately 
lilt    hile. 

ilie  town  of  Castroville,  on  the  Sonlhein  I'aeilie  Uailioad,  lies  two  and  a  half  miles  to  tin; 
MiiiJiii  ast  v\  aid,  and  \\atson\ille  and    r.ijaro,  on  the  same  lailioail,  t'i;;hl  miles  to  Ihe  northwarcl. 

The  Stiliiuis  III-  tlihsdii's  l.(ii(iliti(i.  This  is  a  wliail'  on  the  ii;;lit  hank  of  the  Salinas  K'iscr,  at 
lis  iiiiiiilli,  wliieh  is  onlv  si\ly  \aids  wide  at  low  water.  To  reaeli  it  Ihe  liar  of  the  Salinas  must 
111' nursed,  ii|>oii  which  there  is  only  aimnt  li\e  feel  at  low  water,  ;.'enerall\  with  heavy  hreakers, 
ami   iliri'iij;h   a  conslanlly  shifting'  ehanncl  over   Ihe  i|iiicksaiids  of  this  \ieinity.     Tin'  eoastiiif^ 


sleiiiiK 


is  ha\e  not  ii^ed  this  laiiililiu  for  several  veai> 


I'loiii  the  inoiilh  of  the   Salinas  to  the  eiitiaiiee  to  the  /I'/n  •///  / 


iijoro. 


Ihe  distance  is  two  a 


nd 


;l    i|ll  ll  li'l     I 


null 


iiiles,  the  shore    tieiidiiii;   to   the   iiuitli  iiorllivv  e>i.     'I'he  i-ntrance  of  this   river   hears 


h  liv  east  (N.  Iiy  !•;.).  tlistant  loniteen  miles,  from  {'nint  I'inos. 

Iiniii  here  the  coast  inns  iieailv  stiai;;hl  to  Aplos  ( 'reek,  a  distance  nf  ei^lil  and  a  half  miles, 
mil  .ill!  lilt  SIX  miles  to  the  ea--t  w  aid  of  San  I  a  (  i  ii/,  u  iili  the  shun-  rockv  .iiid  aiiniiit. 

Ninth  of  the  Salinas  l.'ivei  lie^rin  rich  meadow  and  lalile  l.nids,  alloidin;;  to  the  .settlers  spots 
iiii^iii  p.issed  lor  plod  lie  I  i\  t'liess,  even  111  the  pi  oil  lie  State  of  <  'aliforiii.i.  The  liivv  lis  in  this  vicinity 
li.iil  111  l.SStI  the  follovviiij,'  iMipnlalion  :  Cast  loville,  "jO.! ;  S.ilinas,  L'.tino,  and  Walsonv  ille,  l,SM(); 
lint  all  of  them  are  inereasinj.;  rapidly. 

/'(i/'ui)  /,<(/((//»(/. — One  mile  northwest  from  the  nioiilli  of  the  i'.ij  no,  and  soiilli  seveiil.s  seven 
ill  Ibices  east  (S.  77  1"..|,  eleven  miles,  trom  .'^anla  Crnz  wli.irf,  is  the  wharf  of  the  Tajaio  landing;. 
Ii  1^  .iliuiit  t  wo  linndred  vaids  loiiy.  si  iitehes  out  at  iii.'hl  any:les  to  the  liea<di,  and  has  ten  or 
I  Irvrii  fret  of  vv  ater  at  its  e\l  reniil.v .      The  coast  inj^- sle;iiiiei  s  lie  alonu   liic   soiilh   side  of  il,  hr.id 


mil.  In  (liscliar;;e   a 


nd 


•ive    t'lei"lit.      There    are    mouiili^l 


iilov  s  oiil>ule  I  lie  vv  ha 


It'.     The   ti 


i|  U  ,il>oiiville  and    I'ajaio  are  siliialed  on  the  ■Soiii  hern  I'.icilie    Kailroad   live   miles  to   tli(>   east- 
iiiiillic,i--i  iiiim  the  landing;.     'I'he  wharf  licars   noilh   lour  ilcj;rees  west  ^N,  I     W.),  sixteen   miles, 


llMlll 


ihe  .Muiilerev  w  half. 


11  hili\  l.niitl 


mil.  Il 


ill'  a   niile.  am 


Mills'  ImiiiHiiii.  tun  and  a  half  miles  iiorl  liwcsi  w  an!  of  th 


I'll  in'  Landing',  imiiketl  dow  n  on  the  eai  lier  (  u.isl  Sin  v  e.v  e  ha  lis,  wcie  siii  f  laiidiiij^s  and  had   no 
ui.ii.rs.     They  have  not  lieeii  used  fdi   in, my  \e;iis. 

y'liitiiiil  reci .'— This  is  llie  dcepi  I  iiidelilalioii  ol  llie  nortln  i  niiinsl  p.irl  ■  I  Monterey  l!ay, 
iM'iil.  ^i\teeii  denrccs  west  (N.  HI  W.),  sixteen  and  a  half  miles,  trom  I'oiiii  I'iih'^  l,i;^hl,  and  four 
aii'l  a   hall    miles  east  iioitlieasi    (l'".NI-",.)    floiii    .Saiila    ('in/    l.i;,'lil.      Il    i.>  iml  aiove  in   ijie  usual 


ii  illoii  of  the  lei  111,  lull  a  rather  hioad  hiuht,  foiii  iiiile.>  wide  and  one  and  a  li.ilf 


leep,  u  nil  a 

vi'iv  iiiiiloiiii  hottom  ol    li,ird   s.ind   and    shells,  ami    li.iv  in;;  a  depih  from   ten   fathoms  oiilside  to 
ilii'T  lalhoins  close  to  the  line  ot  bi'e.ikers  which  liorder  the  cove  Irom  the  moil  I  h  of  tfaiKjiicl  I'rui'k 

l.-illiil    li,v    the  east. 

Xnniiiil  I'diiil,  which  forms  the  western  Itoiindary  of  the  cove,  is  a  hroad  elilV,  i[iiile  low  at  the 
vv.ii  i  V  ed;;e,  and  iisiiij;  to  a  mesa  of  alioiit  forty  leet  elevation.  It  liesnoilli  >iv  eiily  one  and  a 
(mil  til  _ices  east  (  N.  7  l.."i  I'..),  t  Wo  and  one  t  hit  d  mile--  finni  San  I  a  <  'i  ii/  l.i;;lil .  .\  tliieU  hell  of 
I.,  l|i  ^Metehes  out  nearly  one  third  of  a  mile  from  the  point.  I^'ive  fathoms  ol' water  can  lie  carried 
I'luM-  iliiiii;sii|e  the  kelp,  and  111  thick  weather  the  coast  in;;  steamers  follow  il  <  lo.se  ahoard  l>elweeii 
>.iiiia  I'm/  ami  the  .Sainpicl  laiidin;,'. 

1  111-  iiai  low  Villi  ley  ot  the  Aj'tux  Citd,  opens  three  and  I  wo  thirds  miles,  north  titty  nine  dej>i'ees 
||>I  N.."i1t  l''..|,  tioiii  Siiiii|iiel  Toint  lietvveeii  hanks  thai  are  one  linndred  feet  hi^h.  Snmiiiil 
'  >'>i    -  .niiilliei  sill. ill  si  1  cam  en i pi, v  mil;  iiilo  the  .S.iiiipiil  lii;;lii,  one  .Mid  a  hall   miles  iioilh  tliirtv  ■ 

'  \--  llalr.v  iiipli's  1  iipv  111'  tin-  Miirxi  V  of  Mhhhtiv  Itav  li>  tiun  .l.isi  f 'li.liar  v  I'.iiiiai  i/  lir  mils  iliis  nvor  tin'  li'iu 
■'  '  l'.i'<'i'i.  It  IS  I'lilli'il  SiiPi  lliiiilii  111.  ilii'  Stair  iiiaii.  anil  liv  "tin  T  aiitlinril  ii'.i  tln>  Siin  Antonio.  On  tlio  curly  Coa.st 
^•irv.  V  ■  liarl  11  rticiallnl  I'luion  Kn.i 

■  \  .11. .11.,  n|i.1Iiiii;h  liavr  liriii  (jivi'ii  I'm  Saii.|ilrl     Sliiii|uil,  .Sim|IU'I,  etc. 


17'.' 11  I'  r 


10 


jffi^ 


tfs 


I 


)    i 


*  » 


til  I 


r   r'M 


\l 


1  ti: 


I'AcniC    (OVM     I'll-tt'l', 


OHO  ilc;ii(('s  i',\st  (N.   il  '  1',.)  I'lnin  S;iii(|ii('l  I'oiiil.     'I'lic  ;nljiic('iil    iiu'sa  laiiils  iiri' imc  liiiiulii'd   In 

mImivc  llic  wali'i.     The  two  l,iiiiliii;;s  In  SaiKincl  Cove  aro  at  Aptos  ('rt*k  and  Saii(|ii<'l  Ci >. 

I  pun  tlic  Micsa  1,1  Mil  lu'hind   Sain|tU'l  I'oiul,  De  MulVas  (ISIJ  i  places  tlic  \  ilia  i\r  I'.ran.  itnri. 


but  no  liuildin;;  was  lie  re  ulicn  I  In'  renin  tr\  (Mnic  intci  |icissfssn 


>n  111'  tlii>  I  iiilrd  States. 


\iitos  l.iiniliilij — 'I'lie  \\  liail    ill    tlie    riici 


iiImiI'  tile   Aptos   Creek    is  on    the  west    point    df  d,, 


eiilianee.  It  is  a  liiyli  wliaii'.  aUoni  two  liiindi-ed  \ards  Ion;;,  stieteliiiii,'  out  at  ri;;lit  an^jles  loili. 
I)eaeli.  and  li.is  alioiit  ti'li  tcet  of  water  at  its  e\tleniit\.  ("oast  in;;  steamers  lie  on  I  lie  soni  hea-; 
side  ol'  it.  and  tlii'ie  ale  iiioiM  ill;;  Imovs  olV  it  to  u  liieli  \  essi'ls  ean  haul  out.  l'"roiii  Sam  pie  I  I'lm;! 
it  hears  norlli  lill\  ei-lil  de;;iees  east  i  N.  os     I'..',  di.Mant  three  ami  one  third  miles. 

Sdi'iiiiil   I.'iiiiliiiii.  -St  reieliin;;  out  o\  er  the  saiid,\   point    I'roin  the  casiei  ii  part  of  Iheliliiit  nu 


tlie  wesli'in   ol    ii;;lil    hank  of  the  Saiiiiui 


1   (' 


the  wliail'  ol'  this  landiiii;,  lia\  iii'^  a  d 


epil,  .  I 


feet  at   its  e\tleliiil\ .       It   is 


ind   a   half  miles  lioilli   lhiit\  de;;rees  east     N.  .Id     ]•'..]   || 


Samiiiel  Point,  and  the  tliiek  liod\  of  kelp  uliieli  eMemis  from  the  easteiii  limit  of  S.inia  t  i  i. 
Ilarlior  aroiiml  Snnpi  I  I'oiii'  is  lure  hrokeii  tlii(m;;li,  althoii;;h  liiit  a  short  line  is  toiiml  to  ;',,(■ 
eastward.  'I'lie  coast  in:,'  sleaineis  li,-  on  either  side  ol'  the  \\  hart',  either  h.i'ad  or  stt'iii  out,  a^  Iheii' 
is  not  much  swell  leachiiii;  this  hcicli.  This  is  a  y;ood  slimmer  anelioiau;e,  and  a  ^;re,il  di.il  nf 
]iiodiice  is  siiipped  ficim  hell-.  Ill  winter  thi'  laiidiii;.'  is  reported  to  lie  worse  than  at  S.uit.i  Cm/, 
and  nil  ire  dillicnlt,  to  ;;et.awa,v  from  in  soiitheily  weather.      .Mooriii;;  liiio\  s  lie  outside  the  wli.iii 

S\M  A    CIMZ    llAKIidl!. 

This  h.irlior  or  aiiilioia;;('   is  at    the   iiortlnvot    part    of  the   hay  of  Moiiteie.v,  and  is  of  m  i\ 
limiti'd  cMeiil.      It    is   |iro|ected    ttoiii   all   the  winds   from    the  iioithward,  but  expo.sed  to  tin    lull 


i  I  ep  of  southerly  ;;ale: 


iiid   nian\  co.isteis  have  been  dri\t'ii   ashore  diiiiii;;  the  winter  se, 


ll  i>  .ilioiit  tlirei'  ipiailers  of  a  mile  in  ih'ptli  iiorthwaid.  Ii\  one  and  a  half  miles  east  and  wi>i. 

Tlicie  is  a  liioad   pl.ileaii  o|   model. ite  depth  of  water  to  tile  south   and  east  of  the  haihni    |,.| 
live  miles,  dee|ieniii;,'  to  tliirt.N  fathoms  over  hard  sand.     A  di-iith  of  ten  l.ithoms  is  found  aim   :  ,i 


.IV  I 


le  general  em  \  e 


i|   the  sIkpiis.      Directh  south  of  the  I.i'jlit  house  at  Santa  Cm/,  1' 


the  thii1,\  I'.ithoni  line  i-  thice  .iinl  .i  ipiarter  miles  disi.int,  .iiid  tin'  salid.v  lioltoni  ehaii^jes  tn  i;i 
iiiiid.  sticky  and  hard.  At  ciiilit  and  a  hall' miles  directly  >oiii  h.  the  depth  has  increased  re;;ip 
to  sixty  li\e  f,i;lioiiis  ami  then  suddenly  drops  otV  into  the  ^reat  siihmariiie  \  alley  with  no  bo! 
at  two  hiiiidreil  .mil  Iw.'iits   f,i|i|om^.     (.'>ee  description  of  siilnnarine  \.illey,  pay;e  141'.) 


Stiiilii    Cin:    I'oiiil.*    ihe    wi-slein    point  of    the   li.iil 


loi,  IS  a    inoi 


deratelv  low  elid'  with 


lioiiil.  It  IS  ipiiie  tl.it,  atioiit  foils  left  alio\e  tiie  sea,  ami  it  ism.iiked  by  the  la^^htdioii.-..  ,ui,, 
some  other  hnildiii;;s.  Uehilid  these  there  is  a  ;;io\e  of  tiers.  When  llie  jioint  beai  s  null  In  ,i-i 
by  east  I  N  I-".,  by  I"..)  t  w  o  low .  iLit  locks  .■~liow  elo^e  iimhr  I  he  poini,  and  the  oiitei  and  l,ii^'i"i'i 
seems  lleail\  h,ill'  ,is  hiuh  a,~  the  liliill.  There  is  no  be.icli  .it  the  bise  of  theclilV,  but  iIh' 
tatlmni  line  extends  about  onesixih  of  a  mile,  and  is  neat  ly  maiked  by  a  dense  bodx  of  Iviii'. 
which,  liowe\ci.  ,>oiitlieas|  of  Ihr  point,  let  le, its  well  inside  this  hue.  The  ;;eo;,'ra|ihic.il  pii>i::i:i 
of  the  point   is  ;;i\en  lllldi-l    the  dc^cl  I  pt  ioli  ot'  the  I,i;;ht   house. 

From  Santa  Cm/  I'miit  louud  to  the  east,  as  well  as  some  distance  to  the  west  ward,  tin    ■<., 
ward  slope  of  the  hill  is  well  m, irked   by  two  lines  of  terraces.     The  lower  is  the  top  of  tin'     n'li 
a  bunt  sixty  or  >ii\  elit>    feel   aiio\e   the    S(  a,  and  the   lipj^el    is    jili.halils    I  w  o  liniidl  i  d  .lliii  tilt) 


blulV, 

or  three  hniidicd  li  i  i. 


T 


le  eastern  point  of  S.inta  Ci  ii/  Il.ii  bm  is  the  wisliiii   (ait    of  .Samiiiel    Point,  a  c 


fortV    feet  !ll;;ll.       Ilctween   the  two  ii..iiits  of   the  hall 


and  at  its  easiei  !i  exticmiu  , 


clii-,!'  inalii    1 


M-aili  l!\  e  eighths  of  a  mile  in  e\li-iit. 


Ill-  Mull,  empt  ii's  the  .s'ii/(  l.iinn:(>  /i'//cc,  a  sin.ill  .^Ui  ai, 
run n in;;  pa^t  the  tow  n  and  iiiIsmou.  w  Inch  is  situated  a  mile  inland,  P.ehiiul  this  beach  ,iiv  inciii  r 
oils  l,ir;;c  llnildlll;;^.  and  balhiii;;  houses. 

l.amlin;;  i>  elVected  at  either  of  the    two   whai\es,   wlmli    iiiiioiit    about  three  hiiinhi  •'       h!- 


illl  the  liolthwe-lelii  bi;;hl   ol'  llie  liailioi.      Tliesc  w  ll 


ll  i\i'  III  ell  daiiia};eil  at  tin 


IS.SI) 


southerly  weather:   a  third  one  li,i-  liecii  dcsiro\iil,  and  a   tew  pihs  of  it    \et   remain  i  I ' 

.\t   the   end  ef   Ihe  .-oiilhelli  wiiaif   tlieic  i.-.  tell    feci  of  \^atel.       ll   Is  Imilt  out    from  I'e 
the  bliill  and  -lo|ie>  dow  n  to  the  exiieiiiily.     Tins  w  half  is  used  n,,iinl\   li\  schooners  I.m 
lor  S. in  Francisco  and  other  ports  on  Ihecoasi.     Tne  iioiihern  m  i.iilioad  wh.ul   is  \ei> 

''Ihl-  |Miiiil  wiis  iiniii,..ii>l\  imII.mI    I'll  hi  a  .\n.i  Niii'mi  Ii,\    XaiMciiiMi,  Nii\  c-iiiUrr,  I7:i-.',  iiml    In-  .  ll"'  ' 
two  riicliv  inliis  ml  ll.     ( l.iiiiiiiiir  :ir  ., 


"j|l    tmilt. 
Mil-  'lilt  on 

:iic  -  iiall  <T 
;!>i  iMiiiei 
-.  ■,     .head 

I  <i|l;'     ■     Up. 

thru     ,-  too 
l.llii  !■  .■■  t  w  I'l 

S,  ;;  K.). 
\is,sels 
a  ;;ciieial  ci 
nliliipi..ja;;Hi 
III  silhiliier  a 
mile  .1  dcpl  ll 
uliicli  IS  lain 
mile  Kl  It.  1 
:l  mill  i:   III   till 

aliri'iist  the  I. 
nt  tile  point  ; 
mile  Ih'iii  the 
mile  'i:-l,illt, 

»i>l    \.  1  I     ' 
lialf  .1  mile  a 
sticli  liiiiy:  fri 
Tliiie  is 

iifit   llii'   liolli 

■  ml  -11  .i>  III   I 

>|I|IIIU-  up. 
Tin-   lll-h 

S.iiil.i  I  III/  I, 
lii^li.    h  IS  SI 


Til 

-  I.i;.;l 

iimtli  1 

1    (he  e 

liiiililiii 

-  c.  IIM 

Ill-M 

I'.illd 

tri'lii  tl 

IM'st 

iliillte. 

The  h 

i'\|i|r~> 

I  lees  1 

h|. 111)1 

led  a;. 

Th 

■  I.mhl 

■I.IIIIMI 

1.  1^7 

/ 1    1 

>  II  liiii 

iiiiiimI  ' 

\   the  s 

"I' Ihe  ll 

us  is  s 

I'lii'ie  |i 

c  li-ht 

«.l!il  ■- 

'1  not  s 

|ii''-llli.| 

I'I'tlie 

l.,ilil 

l.iinu 

Dr.  ,1 

Tl,i 

'I'lllill 

III;;,.  ,.,, 

IIIIS    1 

Tlu 

ma.mit 

M 


r.\('iric  loAM    riior,  117 

li;ill  Imill.  It  wiilfiis  (III!  iMMf  till'  (iiitrr  finl  :iiii|  t lie  I iiicKs  iiir  I;U(1  dear  tn  llic  cxtmiiity.  It 
;ini~  .iiil  (III  a  li'\  t'l  tliri't'  liiiiiilirii  saiiN  ma  .sdiilhcasl  li.\  siiiitli  <lirt>ctiiiii  IVimii  tlic  ('a>t  side  of 
ilir  -  uiill  I  icfk  ciiiiil  viiif;  \\c>t  tit'  till'  San  l.iiii'ii/n  I.'Im  r.  I  (  lias  ten  t'cft  of  watri'at  tlicfxticinity, 
III!  !cMiiii'i;<  use  this  wliaif.  'riiirc  aii-  Iiimvv  wcmkIih  iiiooriiiu'lHinys  otV  imtli  \vliar\cs,  ami  \  t's- 
s,  N  .'  Iit'ail  out  to  rccrivc  ai'ij  discliar;;!'  fici;;lit.  I  liry  must  haul  out  if  a  swell  or  liail  wcallicr 
,,iiii'  -  II 1 1.  Till'  (■oa>liii^  sti  amcis  lie  alioiit  li\c  liiiinliccl  ,\ai(ls  olV  tlic  w  liarf  at  low  liilc,  oi'  u  licii 
llirii  ,■-  liHi  iiiiicli  .•.Well  til  III'  aloUi;s|il('  of  it.  I'mui  llii^  wliarf  to  llic  wliaif  at  Montcify  ilir  dis- 
Miiir  .>  tvM'Ul.N  two  ami  a  i|uaiti'i'  iiiili's  am!  llir  roiirsi'   soiilli    lliiils  one   ami  a  lialf  ilc^'ici's  cast 

\  I  >,s('ls  coiiiiii;:  lioiii  llic  iioi  tliw  aiil,  al'tiT  li'a\  iiiu'  I'oiiit  Alio  Nuc\  o.  tollnw  ilic  coast  line  on 
.i^iiiiial  coiilsc  ca.-t  soiillicast  (  ilSi;.)  tof  alioiit  ci;;lilcrii  miles.  'I'lic  shore  toi  t  liis  disiariee  is 
,iliiii|'i.  ji-ycd,  and  imideialely  elevated,  with  a  iaii;;c  nl  liij^h  hills  or  moillitailis  whose  summits 
III  .>iiiiiiiie|- ari' almost  eoustanllv  eu\elo|ied  in  toj;.  SKirliii;;  the  shore  at  a  distance  of  halt'  a 
mile  a  dejilli  ot'  .six  to  tell  I'athoms  eau  lie  eanicd,  and  ii|Mm  inakiii;;  I'oiiit  Santa  Ciii/,  the  toji  of 
aIiicIi  is  laoderatcl.N  le\el  I'cii  some  distance  hack,  toiir  fiihoms  aic  olilaiiicil  within  a  i|uaiter  of  a 
iiiilrni  It.  l''or  alioiit  a  mile  West  of  t  lie  lij^li  I  a  I  lel  t  of  kelp  lioideis  the  shore,  and  will  sci\e  as 
1  iiiiiil..  Ill  thick  fo^;,  hut  at  its  easiei  n  liniil  there  is  sixteen  and  eif;  lit  ecu  t  eel  on  I  side  oj"  it.  When 
iliii  ,1-1  the  I<i;;lil  house  |ioiiii,  rmiml  up  and  run  alonj;  in  six  fathoms  ot  water  until  nearly  alueasf 
111  llii'  jmiiit  at  the  wi'stel  n  limit  of  the  beach,  u  here  ;;ood  aMchoia;,'e  w  ill  he  found  neail\  half  a 
mile  Imlli  the  shoii',  W  ilh  I  he  Li;;  lit  hei;  ilii;  south  tilt>  de;;rees  Wesl  i  S,  ."id  W .)  I  lilee  (|iiaiters  of  a 
iiiilr  ili-l. lilt,  and  t  he  point  of  liliilf  on  the  east  side  ot'  the  ii\ei  licaiiii;',  lioi  tli  fourteen  ile;;rees 
ttcsl  N.  1 1  NN.)  iieai  1,\  half  a  mile  olV.  The  sniallei' stcamvessels  usually  skirt  the  coast  within 
liilir  ,1  mile  and  j;o  lietweeii  the  l.ii;;e  lield  of  kelp  and  the  kelpotV  the  point,  liecausethe  Icef 
>lriti  Imil'  fl'iui  l.i;;lil  house  I'oiiit  is  w  ell  m.ii  ked  lis   the  liieakers  ,iml  rollers. 

I  III  le  IS  ti\  (■  ami  a  half  t'athoms  ot'  water  at  this  anchoiai^'c  w  itii  lair  holding' liottom  ;  inside 
nl'il  ilie  liottom  is  sands  and  the  swell  short  ami  heavy.  l)uiin;;'  the  winter  months  auelior  well 
Mill -11  .1- 111  lie  aide  to  clear  the  shore  westward  ot'  the  I.i;:ht  house  Point  in  case  a  sonlheastt'i' 
>|iiiiil;-  lip. 

Till-  liifili  iiiouutaiii  north  twenty  li\e  tlc;;rees  east  (N.  '-'"i  l!.i,  twehc  and  a  half  miles  t'roin 
S.iiit.i  I'm/.  I, i^ht  lioii.se,  is  named  Mmtnl  l!<iilii\  and  i.i  tliiil.\  scmu  liiimlrcd  and  iiiiicl.None  t'eel 
hi::li.     Il  IS  soiiietiines  known  as  .Monti;  I'rieto  or  l.oma  I'lieta  ;   il  is  a  ^ood  laudtall. 

SAMACKl/.     llAl.'iailJ     I.IHtir  Itdl  SK. 

Tli^s  Li;:lit  house  is  .situated  at  the  soiithwestci n  |ioiiii  of  the  liailmr  and  two  liuiidrcd  yards 
imllli  n|  iheexllemilN  of  the  pel  pcmlli  niar  elill,  which  is  ihlltv  tlilce  tcet  alioNe  llie  sea.  The 
imililili.  CI  iisists   of  a  kecpei's  dwelling;  ot    Wood,  paililid   while  with    ^jlieli  lilimls  to  Ihe  windows 

It  I .Old  a  halt  .-tones  in  lui;;lit  w  iili  a  .-iiiall,  low  ,  .-i|  nan  ,  xm.oiU  n  tower,  paiiiti  d  w  hitc,  i  i.sinj; 

!ii'iii  ih<  \M'siciii  end  ot  the  dwelling,  and  Mil  imiiiiitei.  Ii\  an  lion  la  lit  em  painted  w  liile,  with  led 
iliiuii-.  The  he  I  j;  lit  a  hove  the  ^:  round  is  tliiit\  ti\i'  leet.  'I'licie  has  ;;riiw  ii  a  lai;;i'  f^rove  of  pine  oi- 
i\|iii--  iiees  (or  iiearl\  half  a  mile  westward  and  nor;  liw.ird  of  the  lajrht  house,  ami  the  white  liou.se 
i-  I'll  i|i  r  led  a;;,!  I  list  the  casiei  n  ed;;c  oj  ilie  ;;io\e  w  licie  it  lieais  about  uoitli- northeast. 

Ill'  I  i-hi  is  a  I'll  III  nil  lifiht  )){'  Ihelil'lh  older  of  ihe  system  ol  I'lcsml  ;  waslirst  exhibited 
■l.iiiii.ir.  1,  |s7(>,  and  shows  cM'iy  iii;.;lit  from  .sinset  to  sunrise.  It  illuminates  an  are  of  lliehoii 
/I'M  "I  I  All  till  I  id  I  I'd  and  se\eiil\  ile;;iees,  and  e.iii  be  seen  lioiii  west  three  ipiai  tcls  siiiilh  (  \\  .  ,  S.) 
ii'iiinl  '.\  the  south  into  the  harbor  ot'  S.iiii.i  ( 'i  ii/,  except  u  hen  loo  close  under  it.  The  local  plane 
"I  till'  i.  lis  is  sixtv  liiiie  feet  alio\  e  the  mean  level  of  the  sea,  and  in  a  t'a\oi.ible  .stati'  ot'  the  atinos- 
I'lirie  t:,,-  jj^ht  simidd  he  seen  at  a  d i -lance  of  eit;ht  ami  a  half  miles.  \'cssels  from  the  iioillivvcsl- 
"Uil  •>  ']  II, Il  .vee  this  li^^ht  iiiilil  It  bears  east  three  .|U. liters  north  ^  I"..  ,  N.).  The  ;:eo;;iapliical 
I'l'-ilii.:   n|  the  liMJii.  as  delermini'd  by  the  (.'oast  ami  (Icodetic  Survey,  is: 

I  iiiiiiili' lii'i    .'.7' ii.'i    iiiirtli. 

Innuiliiili'   I',".'     (It    :!-.:!     wist. 

Or,  III  I  Mill' si'  IIS"  tii'.'..'i. 

H.'  Ii'llldiiiyfs  have  been  moved  back  fioia  the  ditfs  which  were  beinu  undermined  by  three 
''•';;i'  I  .ill  lis  made  b\  the  act  ion  ot  the  waxes 

II"   'iiajiiietic  vaiialiDii,  .lauiiary  1,  1,S,S.">,  was  l(>    l,-('  east,  with  an  annual  iiicreast'  of  (t'.iS. 


V| 


!!: 


r''f 


I 

I! 


r'm 


t-    i.F 


'  T^ 


i   If' 


IIS  r.\(iiic  (CA'-i   rii.ni'. 

I'iMiii  till'  I.iulil  "f  liiivc  IIm"  I'tillDWin;;  lu;iiiiii,'s  ami  tlistiUicoH  fo  proinincnt  iM)ints: 


roini    I'liiii-'  l.iKliil'i'ii""' 

MoNH  l.aiiillii^ 

I'lijiiKi  l.aiiiliii^ 


.  S. '.".U    I'...  ilinliiiil  I'.i)  inili'N. 

.S.  liTi        K.,    cIlNtllllt     lU    llllll'N. 


.S.  T!l       y...  iIInIiiiiI  II     ijiilcs. 


Sltllipirl 


I'dllil    . 
\   Aiiili. 


.N.711     !•;..  ili-hiiil     -.'d  mil.' 


.S.  :i.r    K.,tli 


-.'M   Mill.' 


Sitiilii  irii:   lliiilxir,    \Vliisllii(ii  Hihh/.—  Ah    niilumiitiv   irlilxtliiKj  hiioji   |i;iiiil<'il    willi    hln,!.  ,,„,/ 
irhili    jii  I  jii  iiili(  iiliir  ^(lijiis.  li.is   lircii    iiuMPicd  III  llic  ii|i|iliiii(li  Id  S.tiilii  < 'i  11/   I  lii:  Inn,  iiciu  l,\  njin 
ili.staiil  liiiiii  r<)iiil  Santa  Cm/  ami  Saiii|ii(l  I'niiil.     Il  tics  in  ten  latlimns  of  water  ox  ci' a  ImiIIhih 
of  liaid,  coaiM'.  i;ia,v  .sand. 


Il  IS  lipcaiiil  l>\  I  lie  IoIIdw  inu  Ileal  lii^s  ami  (listani'cs: 


Saiila  (ill/.    I.i;{lil  Ih'U'-i' 

I'acilic  Cuanl  Sli'iiniHJiiii  ('i>iii|iaii.\ 
Saiii|ii<  1   l''inii 


kliart. 


.W.l.y  N.  }  N. 
...N.W.  i  \V. 


.  N  I , 


I  j    Mlill"i. 

I  \  initi'N. 


I-. 


It  is  siiimlcd   li.v  ilic  ailioii  of  the  sea,  ami  tjivt-s  IdastN  oC  two  lo  lliiM.>  e\er.\  ininiili 


was  plaifi 


1  III  Aii'Mlst.  ISSS 


Till'  seeoinlai.s  astiiinoieical  station  of  tin'  Coast  Survey  (IS.VJ)  was  011  llie  topof  iln-  l.luii 
at   the  olcl  I'liiliarradero.  near  llie   iiead  of  llie  westein  wharf. 

'riili.s. —  {'he  (  oirecied  Ivstaltji.sliiiieiil.  or  mean  interval  lietwi'en  the  time  of  the  moon's  iiiumi 
and  the  time  of  hi-h  waler.  is  \'  IS'".  I'lic  mean  lise  and  fall  of  tides  is  four  and  oiieu;,!li 
feet;  of  sprin^r  tides, li\r  and  one  liall  feel;  ami  of  neap  tides,  t  w  o  and  ninetentlis  feet.  I  he 
mean  diiialioii  of  the  Hood  is  (>''  47'  ,  of  ilic  ehli, .")''  l."!'" ;  and  of  the  stand.  (!''  "l>"'.  'I'lie  a\eia«e 
dilleieiice   liclwetii  the  eoireeted   estaliiis'iinent  of  the  a.  in.  and  p.  III.  l''esor  the  same  da_\  i>  I' 


II      Idi'  hiL^h   uaier.aiid    1'    '_'■   for  low    wa 


lei.     The  dilVereiiees,  when   the  moon' 


s   deeliiialii'ii  1- 


lesi'   twi 


;.'ieaUst.  are  ::''   in     .ind    1'    •.'■>,  respccli\(l\.     The   a\eia};e  dilTen'iiee  in  lieii:hl   of   tl 

tides  is  one  and    I'oiii  leiiths    feet  for  the   liiuli  w;»teis,  and    two   and  four  tenths   feet    foi  llnKm 

w.il(i>.      Win  11   llie    11 ii's  (leeliiiatioii    is  jjiealist   these    diflereiiees    are    two     iiiid    l»i''.irli> 

I'eel  :ind  thiee  ami  seven  U  iillis  leet.  respeeliv  I'l.v.  Tlii'  ;iverii;;e  ililVeieme  of  the  liij;her  lii;;li  ami 
lowi'i'  low  w  at  els  of  the  same  d..v  is  six  feel,  and  w  hen  the  moon's  declination  is  j^icatesi.  si  vm 
feel.      The  lii;;lier    lli^;ll  t  ide  ill  the    t  w  illlvt'onr  hours   oeeuis    altollt    !•'' ."^L""  lifter  the    mooli's  ii|i].,  I 


when    the   moon's  deeliiiatioii    is    north,  ;iiid  iiluiut  'J''.")!     liel 


ore,    wlieh    .sMiiili. 


transit  (soiitliii 

Tlie   lower  of  the  low    w;iiers  oeeurs  aliont  7'' allei  the  hij;lier  hi;:li  tiile. 

To  find  the  lime  and  heinlil  of  hit;h  watei  at  Santa  Cinz  for  ;iii.v  yiveii  dav,  take  oiii  .■!  !lii 
Toast  :ind  (leodetie  Survey  tiile  tables  the  time  for  S;ili  Fraiieiseo,  :liid  suliliaet  1'  /.s  li,  i, 
from;  and  add  three  leiiilisoi  ,t  Innt  lo  the  San  Fiaiiei.seo  liei;;ht.  l-'or  low  Wiil«'r,  siililiae!  j  ii". 
from  the  lime,  and  Iwotenihsof  a  loot  from  the  heijiht  as  ):i\cn   for  San  l''raiieiseo. 

The  eon  II  try  about  Santa  Cm/  is  e\eeediiii,'ly  prod  net  i\e  ;iiid  lliiekl,\  settled  ;  in  l,S;S(i  il.v  jmi|iii 
latioii  of  I  he  town  was  .'i.s'.lS  persons,  and  is  \  ciN  rajiidly  iiu'ieasiuK. 

Steanieis  mil  re^;ulail,\   from  .San  I'laiicisio  loiliis  place  and   c<uiiiect  with  all   llie  l.unliii.- 
adjaceiil.  w  liilst  sailing  vessels  find  all  II  ml  a  II I  frcii^lil  then  from.     'I'lieie  is  also  eiuii  mil  meat  inn  wi; 
San  Francisco  b\  two  lines  of  lailroail,  and  lelej;rapli  I'oinici  lion  w  iili  all  parts  of  the  cniinn  \ .    I: 
U-i  il  f;isliioiialple  seabathiii;;  resort. 

I'roln  Moiiterex  l;.i\  sliclehes  the  Icilile  \alley  of  the  Salinas  for  sixty  miles  to  the  sum !ir,i-! 
and  the  valle\  of  the  Pajaro  liiver  and  its  tributaiie.s  to  the  eastward  and  north  ward  of  ilie  <i  ui;.i!, 
Moiiiilaii 
landmaiks,  but  are  cpiite  distant. 


These  imiiiiitains.   lyiiii;   eastward  of  the  lia \ ,   are    hi;;li  and   bold,   form 


In  Itilll.'  tlie  bay  of  .Monterey   wiis  discovered  ami  siirveved  by  Sebastian  N'i/.eaino.  \\\\o  iiainci 
the  iincliora;,'e  I'lieiti.  de  .vioiile  ley,   in   honor  .if  the  Sp;inis|i  \  ieeiov  of  .'Mexieo,  l><iii  ( ;,is|.,ii  il' 
Ziiiii;,'a,  Coiiiit  de  Moiile  ie\ ,  w  ho  dispateheil   t  lie  cx|iediiiou  under  orders  of  Philip  1 1  '■'»  iliMm 
eriii;i  'iiiil  iiiaKiii;;  seilleinents  in  jiroper  jiarts  of  Cdifiuni.i.      He  desi<;nales  it  as  a  imbU-  li.iilu'i 
alVoidiiij;  pioieciiciii  lium  all  w  inds.     In  I  7i)!t, « iaspar  I'oilala's  expedition  determined  ••  ii- 


extiemiiv  (Sii'ira  de  S.ini.i  Lucia)   in   this  haib.u   and    I'oiiii   of  Fines  ;>•;  '  1' 


All  (I 


fnuii  the  Sieira  the  expediii caii;;hl  .si^ht  of   Point  ol    Pi;ies  and  the  hail)or,s  on   i|s 

south    sides    without    disi.'oveiiii;:    ;iiiy    iiidic.ilions  of   landmarks  of   the    bav    of    Mmi 


deseribi'd  by  N'izc.iiiin.     Caimel    |; 


ly.  iimh  I    Poiiii  Cypn 


ss,   was   c 


alle.l    the   -  ll.ilb 


!,■■■  MicP 


'I  lie- 


It  was  Used  \>\  the  Sp.mlsh  ;;alleoiis  on  their  reliiin  from  Manila  to  Mexico.  .Iiian  Pci-/,  h  1771. 
eall;i  111.-  li.iiliiii  ,,t  .\|,.iitcre,\,  San  Carlos  ile  Monterey,  lie  had  l''ather  .liiiiipero  S.'ii.i  ini  lii" 
vessel.      The  |;,iv  ,,|   S.iii  l':.imi.sc.(  w^s  lirsl  entered  b\  n  ve.s.sel  from  Monleiev. 


% 


mill 

li'iii 


liliill 

.MIMl 
I'lllll 

•Mil- 
i.sl' 

IMII  1- 
■     tUP 

r  liiu 
rlllll- 
ll  A\li\ 
■~i  vrl: 

until. 

>l'llii- 

llirl, 


,.u|,ll 

,1.1- 

sv  nil 


i\  ii.ii: 

.i..Mc 

iM.nl 
I. II  il'' 

,1    "'I 

;li>'iii 
i;;ii'r 

]>  .ma 

;l- 
iiii'^. 

1,;, 


H 


M 


i,  -i 


r  %: 


m 


mm 

'■IB 

!  • 

J'ltlBHJIJj 

.r              y- 

.  ^ 

g^ 

IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


11.25 


mm  125 

150     "^"       ■■■ 


IS  Ui 


.».,.  U£ 


12^ 

■  40 


12.0 

J4li4 


Photographic 
.Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MA»i  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  V'^«Q 

(716)  S72-4S03 


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If 


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-,^.****»«r '•♦»*•%»,, 


"^yi^iv^;  '^■^-^<;^•  -rr^-'-Fr^-~r.-  ■ 


r».  -«►  ■»-  '  -mf  ••^■JP'?'^.^-. 


I'liiiil  KI  Jurrci. 
K.  Iiy  S  t  S..  I  iiiilit<. 


Sllllll    lllull     I'lMIII,    "4   llllllMI. 


**^"^^V^.V 


■I—.  ■   1   ii.iiiri      t-Vj-»     ^.  -  '  ^  JL^ 


it^"-  ^— .- 


J'tiiui  KI  Jarni,  N\V.  liv  W.T 


Saiiil  Bliifl  roiiit. 


■r' 


'.Jr«*. 


V- 


^' 


,w 


^Ifl^-nnimi,. 


*f-  »«»■   y»"  •-»  _ 


ryr^am'iWL..  !-,..^.^»T^^^'-JrjrjCl»» 


•  ♦  /•..  •■  ' 


j'^K 


^•^ 


-J— .^ -■.!!»**-  -^  - 


>^:':^ 


Hoiut  Ano  Nuevo  ( Inirt  i 
NW.  by  W.,  ti  mill's. 


Hig  |{ul('li 


!'«•' 


Illirr    I 


A  |iit'liiiiiii!i 
li.iv  M  I'  li  i'm;isI  I 

l..<m  I'iiiiil 
Iht'  >!iMic  liiif,  w 

WMI'll     >")'    illlOtiK 

NU.  U>   W.    >  V 

line  li'i  liM-  mill' 
lllirs  of  I 
.mil  III!'  ctiiist  is 

I.I. 1. 11!'),  Illlt     III 

wlivii  .1  \rrv  not 
|i'>  uiV  sliori',  I 
till'  |ii\Mr  |i;lll 
Alliiv.i  Viio  Nlli 
ilii(iii;:li  till'  liill 
ili'il.nit  seven  mi 
|i>|i^  111  ilie  norti 

III  lilil.s  rtlnilf, 

mill'  \\rs\  U\  Nini 
III  I'jili  stilly,  iit 
liiMisr  the  town  I 
I'liiil  III' I  lie  liill.s. 

Tlieie  i.s  ;l  i|i 
li.iir  miles  west  \v 


III! 


/'i 


liiiiiii'  I  iiii 
L'lvcs  we.sl  (S.  (i> 
liiiikiii::  to  (lie  \v 
■iihI  .1  i|iMrlt'r  n 
iMiiM'  ilieii'  is  a  I 
aliiiiii  luo  iniiiili 

<  *iii'  anil  oiii 
i'liiiil  there  is  a 


Siilii-  |ieltol'ati 


Ihi 


«rst  iiinl  a  lioat 


S'nII,    liork 

>t  (li.s 


I'llll.  .Hill    IK 

i|ii'\  K  no 


>aii|s  til  the  sou 


t  .so  I 


II 


tl'll'.lr 


mill  this 
■'.     i'liis  I 
hiHii  SiiiitaCin/, 

^hll|^ 

Ni.ill.'  Ki.el, 
llWlli  mie  i|ii;irti 
lliiik 

I  "hi.  i;.wk  i 

iViiih  Seeille  Hoe 
'.ilili'  luck  with  t 


I'll 


ill!  over  It.     T 


.Vllllll        Tlieii 


.nil 

"ft  I 


II-  "liter  ed^ji 


•"< /  Hill  II 


I'i'iiii   \iioNiti 


I'll 


iiiVr  III,.  ^,,;, 


lll'll- 


:i  iiillliiji 


i'l 


I'M   II  H      CdASI     I'll. Ill 


149 


\  |.nliiiiinarv  <'Ii;irl  of  >fniiti'r('\  !>»>  w:is  |iiilili><licil  liy  lln' C'oM«f  Siirvov  iit  iH.'tT;  ttixl  llii' 
li.iy  mill  I'MMst  liiif  III  l!iiili';,M  uas  |iiilil|sli)>i|  III   ISti'J,  Willi  sr\'i'r:il  .siil)si-i|iii>nt  I'ljllioiis, 

iiiim  I'i'ilil  .Siiiilii  Cni;  III  I'liinI  .Aiio  Xiin-n  the  tlistiincr  is  t'i;.'lili'i'ii  ami  a  hall  miles  rollowin;; 
till'  ~li'>ii-  lint',  wliirli  at  llrsl  iiiiis  m-ariy  wt'st  soiuiiwcsi  t',M  tlirt-i'  iiiiU-s,  ciii'viii;;  llicii  l<i  tiif  iiortli- 
\\;uil   I'T  amilluT   llin't'  inilt's,  wIm-iici'   IIm'  ilin'<'tii>n    is   iiiiitjiwi'st    l»y   wrsi   llni't' i|iiarti'rs  we:;'. 

NW.  i>\  \V.  /  NV.)  Ill  llii'  mrkv  islrt  nIV  I'liiiit  Ann  Niicvn.     'I'Im'  kelp  iIim's  mil   ixinlei   llie  coast 
iiiir  |i"  ii\*>  Iiiiies  noil  li  west  wai'il  of  Santa  Cni/.,  Init  at  that  ilislaiiee   it  skirls  the  shore  to  witliin 
iiiii'i'  'Miles  of  Point  Afio  Niu'vo.     'I'lic   line  of  nioiintaiiis  Ivlii;;  lietweeii  the  San  l.oreii/.o  liiver 

Mill  till' coast  is  llaiikeil  li,\  a  clitf  faeeil  iciiaceil  talile  lami  for  twelve  iiiiies  to  Jiisi  iioilli  of  i'ojiit 
I.I  .Ini'i.  lint  the  ri<l;;e  itself  Is  lii;;h  ami  iinluoken  until  near  the  latitmle  nl  I'oiiit  Afio  Niievo, 
«l,iii  I  \ei>  notlcciililc  ;;i»|»  iM'cnrs.  N'cssels  in  Miniiiiiu  noithwaiil  report  that  when  alioiil  four 
iii]|i'~  oil  slioie,  ami  nearly  lip  with  the  I'mnt,  the  ^'ap  is  alieaiii,  ami  can  lie  i|i>iiii;^iii.^lieil  when 
III'  liiAir  part   of  the  shore  Is  olisciireil    l>y  low   fo;;  oi'   haze.      ||    is  <loiilitlesN   the  x.illey  of  \\\i\ 

\  ■■     ■   Villi  Niievo.  w  Inch  opens  on  the  coast  three  miles  ea.Nt  of  I'ulnl  .\riii  Nnevo  after  I  ilea  kin;; 
the  hills  to  the  iiort  li  w  aril.     When  I'i^reon  Point    l.iuht    hears  iiotth  half  west  (  N.  S  W.) 


l:iiiiiuli 


liM 


,iiii  seven  miles,  the  ^ap  shows  to  the  noitheast  one  tpiarter  iioitli  ( N  1).  |  N.),  with  lila«'k  liill- 
iii|i-  i.'  the  northwanl. 

Ihlitila  nliiHfi  tlii'iodst  .rfslininl  of  Sttntn  Cni:  l.iijht. — On  the  mesa  overlookiii;r  the  clitl's,  one 
mill' Hot  li\  soiilli  from  the  la;:ht'hoiise.  there  is  a  ver\  lar;;e  two  story  biiililiiii:,  w  itii  li\  e  w  imlnws 
Ml  cull  story,  at  the  race  course,  with  some  iletaclicil  trees  When  a  vessel  is  just  east  of  tlii.s 
Imiiim'  (he  town  of  Santa  Crii/.  is  seen  to  the  iiortli  ami  northeast,  over  the  mesa,  clnsieriii^  at  the 
imil  III' I  he  hills. 

Tiiere  is  a  iloiilile  archetl  rock  close  iimler  the  clilfs  at  the  slightly  piojectiii;:  point  one  ami  :i 
ii.iir  iiiiies  west  waul  of  the  Li;;lil  house,  or  half  a  mile  weslw.inl  of  the  race  <Miiirse  house. 

I'liiiiif  I'ninl. — This  Is  the  soiithernmosl  p.nt  of  the  coast  line,  two  miles  soiiih  sixty  ei;;ht  ilc- 

.-UTS  H est  (S.  (is  '  W.)  from   the  Santa  Cvh/  l.i^ht  house.      When   a  vewsel   is  eh.-e  olV  this  point, 

'i'lv!n_' to  the  West  waril,  Nceille  or  Sail    l.'oek   shows  clear  of  the  tarlher  clilVs  di-.taiil   only   two 

'  'I  .1  i|iiarler  miles.     Home  of  tlie  steamer  captains  know  this  point   as  Pillar   !  ock    Point,  lic- 


iiiM'  lliere  is  a  pi 


liar 


It  as  lii;:li  as  the  c'.il'i  close  iimler  them.     A  cave  in  the  clilfs  is  noticed 


mil  I  wo  niimlred  yards  to  the  eastward. 
<iiii:ind  i)iiC'ei;;litli   miles  west  war  I  of  Terrace    I'oiiit    ami  a   mile  east\vai<l  of  Needle  IJoek 


ruiii  ihere  IS  a  natural  hridpc  at  the  clilVshori'.  It  is  the  westeiii  of  thiee  apiiaieiit  cases,  lull 
lliiMiiie  peiiorates  the  mesa,  and  the  land  IteyomI  is  seen  thron^di  it.  It  isopen  clear  at  the  nortli- 
»|^t;llll|  a  hoat  could  p)  tiiroii;;li  at  a  smooth  time. 

\.<i//i  liiiil,- or  Sail  1,'iirl;  I'ltiiil. — This  is  a  xery  slender  pinnacle  sciaraled  from  the  face  of  the 
!l.  mil  not  disliii<;iiishalile  from  it  wheiialireast  of  it.      It  jsthemiitli  ]>art  of  a  talilei'iick.  lull  the 

■  i'i\  '-  nut  so  liiy;h  as  the  clitf.     There  is  a  second   and    lower  one  standin;;  nearly   two  liiimlreil 

■  inh  til  the  sonthward  of  it. 

I'riiiiid  this  point  to  the  north  nortliwest  the  land  lises  from  the  shore  in  four  very  marketl 
'iinii  IS.  This  point  lies  south  se\i'nfyei;,'lit  de;,'rees  west  iS.  7S  W.*  three  and  four  tilths  miles 
'iiMii  S.intat'iii/.  I.i^ht'lioiise,  liiit  thev  are  not  interv  isiltle  on  aeconnt  of  the  ronmliii''  iiilcrx  eiiiii;; 


i 


fe 


'V\ 


*  c 


!^' 


ii 


Nl  iille  Kock  can  lie  seen  from  Sand  Mill  I'lhilV.  which  is  two  and  I  wo- thirds  miles  to  the  west  liy 
"iili  line  (piarter  ;iortli  (W.  l»y  N.  \  N.).     It  is  locally    known  to  the  steamer  captains  as  Sail 


ll.iik 


htl'lr   /I'licA- is  a  mile  and   two  thirds  to  the  west  by   iiorlli  oiic-ijiiarter  north  ( W.  liy   N.    |   N.) 


w'cille  lioek  Point,  and  one  mili>  li'om  Sand  Hill   lilntf.     <  lose  under  the  clilfs  there  is  a  lar 


P' 


'I  'Ilk  With  t  wosheh  ilia's,  of  which  t  he  lii;:lier  is  1  w  cut  \   leet  alioxe  the  water,  lint  the  swell  ^'ocs 

'•'<   i^i'i   It.     'I'here  Is  deep  water  close  olf  It,  and  kelp  on  iside  hence  to  Sand  Mill  I'llnlf  and   lie- 

riii'ie  isa  depth  of  ten  fathoms  w  iihin  a  third  of  a  mile  of  the  shoi'c,  and  li\i'  and  si\  fathoms 

111'  Miller  ed^'e  of  the  kelp.     Tliei'c  isa  l>i;,'cave  in  the  clitf  alioiit  half  a  mile  to  the  east  liy  south 


II 


^•■■■••l  liai  llhifl'. — This  is  that  part  of  the  Ion;,',  roiindin;,''  shore  that  is  tirst  seen  after  passing 

'    \iio  Niievo  w  hell  cominj;  from  the  northwestward,  and  the  lop  of  tjieclilf  is  the  lowest  of  three 

'11  iiiiirked  teir.ices  .vl|OW  in;:  alon;j  this  line  of  the  coast.  The  s  imlstoiie  c!ilfs  lisealioiit  lilty  feet 
invr  til.' sea,  and  areof  nearlv  niiil'oriii  heiuhi  ;  Imt  on  the  top  of  this  sli^jhtly  projectiii;;  clilV 
"'I'    ■■  a  iiiiindinu;  hillock  of  white  sand.     The  hillock  is  white  on  the  norihwest   side  and  Lneen 


?  i 


l.V) 


I'Acirir  cuAsT  I'li.iti'. 


til  llic  soiitli»>iist.  It  is  n  well  nc'ocni/i'il  liinilmmU  lor  tlic  rfiasliiif;  sti'iinnTs  niitl  scliooncr**.  Hi,, 
^-iitillii'in  t';ii'i>  ol'  this  ixiiiit  is  one  thinl  ol'  a  iiiili>  Imii;;,  cast  ami  west,  ainl  tlii>  wrslrrn  I'arr  i>  ■„■ 
liait'ol'  ji  mill'  loiifT.  <lii  llic  imhI  side  tlir  rlilVs  tall  liarU  a  ti'vv  IiiiikIii-iI  yards  to  tlii>  iiortli.  i  in 
i-itlMT  •iitlfiilii  iliiTc  is  a  deep  ;:()r;,'i'  liiat  Itn-aKs  tlirmi^'li  tlir  tcrrat'cd  land.  Hiio  ;:<«•);••  Is  a  i  nj 
of  a  mile  to  llii>  iiortliNvcst,  and  the  iiitiiitli  of  llif  Ldiiiiiin,  u  here  tlii>  land  is  low,  and  tlic  sti  m 
di'ltonclii's  tliriint:li  ii  liroad  ami  stfi'|)  Nam!  IxmcIi.  TIp-  othir  );or;;i>  isovt'r  lialfa  ndlr  to  tin  ,  .■ 
ward,  and  is  Kmivvn  as  r.iitjli  llh  n  fiiih  li,  \\  liirli  o|ifns  npnii  Ilic  Mlioii'ori|ifsli;;)it  liijjlit  lict  wren  I  liti,. 
Itork  and  Sand  llill  ItlnlV.  This  ;;idi'li  shows  almost  \frliral  columnar  shaped  rlill's  lialf  ;i  i|,. 
inslilc.  It  is  tilled  with  timhtM'  and  seems  toeiit  the  teriaced  eoast  riili;<>  elear  throuKli  to  the  i  c  s| 
lim-.     There  are  farm  lionses  near  the  month,  which  is  marked  liy  a  short  sami  Iteaeh. 

The  stra;;;;liny:  kelp  line  lies  verv  close  nndei'  the  elitVs  of  the  point,  and  the  lieep  water  en.,!, , 
elose  to  their  hase.  The  tivi>  tathom  enr\'e  lies  only  one  Inindietl  and  seventy  yaids  otVshoii  ,i 
II  de|ilh  of  eiy:lii  fathoms  of  watei-  is  fonnd  onl\  a  ipiaiter  ol  a  nnic  from  shore.  The  jjeo^irai.!  n 
position  of  the  point  is,  latitude  ""tP  ."»S'  ,!<i"  north  and  lon;;itmle  I'JJ  '  (!'.»'  I."»'    west. 

l''ioni  this  point  the  lieaiinu'  of  roiiit  .Afio  Nnevo  Ihk  whisijc  is  north  sixty-three  dey:iee-     ,  - 
(N.  (!.'.'   \V, 


and  the  distanee  |wel\-e  miles.     This  eonise  pas.ses  tan;.'ent  to  the  point  at  W 


l.andin;;,  <listant   two  miles  to  the  west  noithwest ;  and  just   inside   I'oiiit    111  .larro  at   foin 
half  miles,      p'ollowiii;;  the  shore  to  the  Santa  Crn/.  I.'i^ht  house  the  distance  is  six  and  a  hall  n 
To  I'oiiit    I'iiios    l.i^ht  the   lieanii;:  is  .south   lorty  two  de;trees  ea.st   (S.  !'_'     K.),  ami  the  di-v 
twenty  three  and  a  i|iiaitei  miles. 

When  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile  olV  Sand   llill   Uliitf  the  Needle  (or  Sail)  Kix-k  and  its  sm  , 
eompanion  stand  out  eleai'  of  the  clitVs 

The  Needle  or  Sail  liock,  Talile  iJock,  and  Sand  llill  lilatl  arc  very  nearly  on  the  s.iiiie  i 
ill},',  north  .seventy  six  de;.'recs  west  (N.  '>'<     W'.i. 

Krlp  — There  is  a  ;;ap  in  the  kelp  tiehl  fill  ovei-  a  mile  to  the  westward  of  Saiid  llill  liliii: 
then  it  eontinues,  hut  not  compaeil.x.  close  under  the  elill's  for  nine  miles  to  l!i<;  (iiileh  .r 
eastern  jiart  of  .Nfio  Nnevo  IJaN. 

tin  the  eoast,  one  and   a   iliinl   miles  west  nortliwest  ( W  N  U  . ,  from  Sand    Mill   lilull.   m 


rcaililv  reciii'iii/cd    houses  nC  ilic  .sidcliank    l>aii\.     Mere  the   .\rro\o  .San  N'ieenle 


.p 


hcaeli  three  Ipiarters  of  a  mile  from  Williams  l„indiin,;  and  three  and  a  half  miles  tioin  I'.'  i  '  I  I 
dai  III. 

\\'ini'iiii\  l.tiiiilii\<i. — .Mioiit  nine  miles  friuii  Santa  Crn/,  folhiwiii};  the  coast,  or  half  •>  ■> 
I'oiiil  .\iiu  Niii'Mi.  Ilieie  is  in.iiki'il  on  the  eli.ut  Willi. iiiis  Landiii;:  and  Williams  4'liiiie.  i  .<  <i> 
was  |i>iiueil\  a  l.indin;;  here,  and  atleiw.irds  a  iInIii;:  cIiiiIc  was  thrown  mit  lioiii  the  liliiil  >  :  i 
eaj;e   haiiled   nut    on   a  wire  calile.     ThcNesscN  aiiihnied  ilinler  it  w  illi  their  sterns  ncaih  i- 

lireakeis.      It  li.is  lieen  alt.iiidnned  since  l.Sii'.l.      The  soiiili   pniiit  of  the  creek  is  a  hold,  lii_;    .    ;!, 
esliiiiated  to  lie  seventy  feet  aliii\e  the  water. 

I'A  -liinit  I'oiiit. ~Vn\h<\\\\\)i  the  re;;iilail>  cur\  in;:  coast  line  northwestward  from  Sain  '  vt. 
Lijiht  for  ele\cii  and  two  thirds  miles  is  the  low,  Miill'  point  of  ICI  .larro.  with  luoad,  lo«  i  ii--'; 
land  oil  eiiliii- side.  The  jioinl  has  iiiilv  a  vei.\  sliylil  priijeciiiin  lievond  the  ;;eiieral  ciii\.  ■■  liaf 
eoast  line.  It  is  within  one  mile  nf  the  iioilheiii  Hunt  nl  llie  well  inarked  talile  land  hitli'  i  '  il^ 
.Santa  t'lii/.  I'rom  I'.iliit  .\i;o  Niiev  o  f.i;;w  hist  Ic,  It  lies  south  si\i\  threeile;;rees  ea^t  (S.  <■  I  ), 
distant  .seven  and  a  half  miles.  ... 

Ilicakcrs  Mieich  nut  one  cpiaiter  of  a  mile  from  the  point  when  a  \.\v<n'  swell  is  ruiini;       .iidE 

I  lies  out   til  li\e  t',itli(ims,   alioiit   uuetliiid   ot  a  mile   from  shore     Tlic  I  liiil  v  t.il  Immh       ■  m. 


kel| 

siiiiiiiliii;;s,  i)\  cr  line  ;;ieen   sand  and   mud.   is  onl>   niie  and  t  liree  ipi.ii  ti  is  miles  liom  sh.n.     >  :|| 
rey;iilar  lioftum  :   luit  the  one  hiindrcil  f  illiom  line  i-  seven  miles  from  shore,  ov  cr  coarse  lil  i 
^'ray  sand  and  mud.     Thence  the  decline  of  the  liottoiii  is   verv  y:reat  tonne  thousand  till 


ahoiit  tliirtv  mi 


Northward  o<'  V.\  .larro,  the  one  hundred  tathom  line  stretches  well 


westward,  liciiij,'  fuiirteen  miles  nil'  riy;enn  I'miit. 


The  Aiiovn  del  .lairo.  or  .Scntt's  (.'reek,  opens  on   the  lieacli  a  mile  and  a  half  In  lli'     ■ 
westvvanl  nf  the   pniiit. 

Tliele  IS  a  sli;:lit  iiiilelilat  inli  ill  the  shore  line  to  the  eastward  of  the  point  whele  a  wn 
lieeii  limit  iiiit  tnr  the  slii|iiucnt  nf  pindiiee.     This  is  called  Davenport's  l,an(lin}.',  fnr  di>'        iilj 
ol    which  >ee  lielnw  . 

I''inni  Point  i;i  .larro  we  have  the  followin;:  liearin),'s  and  disiaiiees  to  prominent  poin:- 


I'liMit  I'liiii..  l,l;;lil   liiiiisi' 


i;      I'..,   ilinlaiil  '.T    null' 


I'lUiit  Aim  .N'liivo  liig.wliihtlr .N.  ii:!    \V.,  iliaUtlil     iiliulir 


n 

ft 

\ 

m 

m 

m 

I,'  •  'H 


K  ' 


>^ 


'i-, 


:!    '.a 


IS 


'1-   ,i;, 


''!'■ 

»'i 

r  ^ 

!      H 

:J 

11  ir 


lil 


"■^C- 


'.^^*!5i^!s 


:f?^' 


Nrcflli-  rmiil.  K.iist  r.ti  iiiilff 


M.mnt  C'ttrim-I,  4. 417  fref.  M  iiiilen. 


'*y-^- 


»r ''"*'" -TV?? 


!<    .-         .      •,    ■ 


«    ,  *i-'>~(,-r-i 


:;Ti;  ^  ,-:>cr?-iir--:^->T>F^ 


1,1  llliil!   I'.. nil,  4i  mil.' 


,1  1{,„.1<.  ,irN-e.l 


Ir  lio.U.  E.by  S.,  T  milM. 


i'  I 


i 

fflkl 

1 

^>f»H' 

1 

«!'r^iBll^Hi 

i  Sutl  2H  ^^H ! 

. 

^SB^H    H 

' 

iMIUfi    !■ 

' 

n'\'^^H      i^R 

: 

'.wyH  II 

i 

ftS  11 

i 

i 

I       it. 

1 
i 

i  ■ 


rS' 


'if 


•;,,V 

HI 

i 

W: 

\p 

n. 

4 


lli5, 


ZAj 


A. 


•■—.>-    -v      "•■ 


^,,«,'**f  """^"^■^■f*^.  ,,'^ 


riiint  Ano  Niuno  r.L'w  luetic".  N'F.  jK  .  Imili>«. 


KC. 


■Jt    i.. 


^f 


P^^ 


^  ,.  >»<'._''-"s>s.^^_. .^  __^ 


\ft.i  Nui'v.i,  SK.  In  !■:  .  U,  null' 


-::^JM».aJKi:':l',JK'a. 


I'nirit  Afici  Nin'vii,    t  iiiilc" 


Sa'iil  r 1,   I,.  Iiy  S   f  S..  Ill  iniliin. 


Tlic  (listaiK 

Ihirrnporl'i 

lil 

•  ■  i|iiartcrs  < 

.  n 

.iliil)lt'n'S( 

a!: 

'A  has  ljttlt> 

:l   . 

i!     was  s\v 

■1  'i, 

■utTs  load  1 

ill  Iiccciiilx 

■•.,,• 

iiurtli  ami 

vliail  at  tl 

^,1 

ilic  landing 

.'!(■ 

,.  11  lii'if  anil 

l!ir  lliri't'  1 

■rV! 

.  •■  .lie  t\V(» 

1  uii  unit's  s 

:lir 

in|i  of  the  (1 

1  inin    I'llillt 

■  iM 

iii'f  iioiiit. 

_liM 

1   1  HUM'S  in  r 

;• !. 

1^  >|iiiti'  a  lot 

.;.  ■ 

■\  iiitii  a  till 

iii'ii 

•Ai'.xiwaiil  ( 

mir 

\ 'iiin;:  y:iii(' 

\llr 

\H  ili'-y  arc  i 

I'lll 

1  iiiiM'  Id  till' 

The  liclp  ski 

till. 

1-  ?!iil»'s  IVoni 

h'  uiiikin;;  < 

|.|:<i 

.1    .11  To-iS  till' 

A    . 

N  ii'\  (1  t'ojjw 

ili;>  |Miint  lit 

PIM 

'11  III,:;'  saiiil, 

P,,i. 

1  '  1 11/  laii^t 

\  ■.ii.irtiT  111 

In: 

■     1  n|,,|iiii-; 

tli^ 

1_  nil     t'DXt'lt 

T(,i 

■    l:1iI  sji;ns 

«l: 

''i.i>t  in  it. 

fr.   i 

■     ■    \\  r.stv  ,11' 

n 

■!ic-  anil  ; 

1." 

'      H  liall'a 

tlh 

'    '  .  lint   iiif 

Dii 

.1. 

■  I'lrnhirs 

(8^^ 

■         'Mill    i|,;| 

Ml 

I.|.1V\ 

■  pill  I.I  11 

tbr 

•'    llllllls  II 

At 

i.l.'S.   Illf 

iDi! 

-  '■•  lift;.  r,i 

nil' 

'  lll-l'  till' 

■11  1  hi  II II 

«.■■ 

M'St    (\\ 

nor 

•  <|ii 

wit 

ilcril    \\ 

tk 

I'AClriC    COAST    IMI.oT.  151 

rinili.stiUic«>t<>Siuita('ru/,  lii;;lif,  followiiij;  tlu'foiist  in  tni  fiitlioins,  is  «'l(\fii  nixl  oiio  »iiiartt'r 

Ihirrnporl'n  A«m»/i »(;/.— Tills  laiitliii},'  is  lofiitcil  at  tin-  iiiniilli  ofa  j;"'*''" '"  tlio  very  small  higlit 
liii  ,  i|iiartt>rs  of  a  iiiilc  to  llu'  oastwanl  of  roiiit  I".!  .larm.  It  is  (iiiitc  cxposfd  ami  a  very  iiii- 
(iiih)i>iliiMt'n'sort  with  i-iiiit  rsmnmcror  wiiiti'i- wnnls.  Tlii'ic arc  iiii humous  rocks  in  llicanclioia};*', 
\\li:i  li  has  little  water.  The  ol<l  wharf  was  ahanMoncil  ami  a  new  and  costly  one  laiilt  to  replaeo 
it ;  ilii  was  swept  away  in  the  first  ;;ale.  lint  has  since  l>e(;n  re  ciectcil.  Only  sinail  steanu'rs  ami 
>ciii..iiicis  load  here;   nioorin;;s  are  laid  onlside  for  them  to  hail!  out  to. 

In  l>cceiiiher.  ISSI,  theic  wen^  two  wharves  at  the  inonlii  of  the  ^riilch.  where  the  white  elitfs 
liiil'i  north  and  scnitli  of  it  are  altoiit  seventy  leet  hi;;li.  Tiie  old  wharf  is  on  the  south  side,  tho 
y.'W  rtiiarl  at  the  north  side  of  the  fiiilch.  It  is  used  occasimially.  There  was  a  ;rrcat  lircak  oiit- 
M(|i'  tlic  landing;  andacioss  the  wtiole  front.  The  elilVs  in  this  vicinity  are  of  nniforiii  height,  and 
lircKcii  here  and  there  with  ;;nlclies. 

Ilic  three  teriaces  on  tlie  mountain  front  are  particularly  plain  here.  Ahove  the  se<;i»ml 
Icii.ici-  .lie  two  well  marked  trianu'ular  ai'cas  on  the  slope  of  the  hills. 

luo  miles  sonth  of  l>aveiiporl"s  Landin;;,  Iheie  are  sexeial  ;;iilchcs,  with  two  white  hoii.ses  on 
till  lop  of  the  clilfs  and  on  the  north  side  ofMlie  pi  jiicipal  aiinyo. 

i'lnni  I'itiitt  HI  Jnri'o  to  Point  Ai'm  Siitfn  the  coast  line  iclrcats  a  mile  and  a  half  eastward  of 

i  llii'"l, liter  point.     .Miont  one  and  a  half  iiiiles  inirihwest  ward  of  rojnl  lil.lairoa  hroad,  woodcil 

j  j<iilrli  cullies  in  from  the  north  ;   this  is  the  stjeain   named    the   .\rro\  o  del  .lairo  or  Scott's  Creek. 

j  It  h, I- Mii'i'' i' '""ti  •■*''""'''•''"''' '•'  ''■*  month,  ami  at   the  southeast  end  uf  this  lieaeh  the  sand  is 

^  ill  'I.  •!  into  a  dune  (iilly  as  lii^h  as  the  cli If  line  of  the  point       The  cliaiMcter  of  the  clilf  chani^es 

Hull    v\c-.t  ward  of  this  stream    t'lom    the   well  marked   mesa  land  to    irre;,nilar  rolliiii;   ridges  and 

:  :.i\. uin;;  <;iilches.     The  coast   fciol  hills  cniwd   nearer  the  .nIhuc  line  until   at   the  .Vrroyo  Ano 

Niii\.i  ili'-y  are  immediately  upon  it.     The  adjacent  hills  to  the  smithwaid  are  rollin;;  and  j,'rassy, 

jiiii  ilinvc  til  (he  northward  arc  lirokeii  and  in  places  covered  with  timliir. 

I  ic  Kelp  skirts  the  shore  out  |oa  <leplh  of  six  fathoms  tn  the  month  of  the  Aiioyo  .Vho  N'lU'VO, 
1: 1. .       lies  from  I'oiiit    .Xfio  Niievo. 

1:  unikiny;  close  iimhr  the  coastline  in  thick  weather,  small  vessels  locate  themselves  l>y  a 
li  li..'  iiross  the  .\rrovo  del  .larro  with  a  house  near  it,  six  and  a  half  miles  soiiiheast  from  I'oint 
An  N  icvo  fo};vvhistle. 

I'liINT    ANO   Mi; VI'. 

Tli!<  point  lies  eij,diteen  and  a  half  miles  Iroin  I'liiiit  S.iiita  ("rii/.  and  is  formed  liy  rolliiif;  hills 
01  -I'M  III, L,'  sand,  V  arv  in;;  from  twent  v  In  one  hum  lied  leet  in  elev  at  inn,  while  heliiiid  'hem  rises  the 
S^.ii  'I  I  1 11/  raii;:e  of  monntains,  attaining;  a  liei;;ht  ol  lil'tecn  liiiiidied  feet  in  four  nr  live  miles. 

A  •luaitclot  a  mile  ontsiilc  the  piiliil  lies  a  Idack,  ia;^\:;ed  islet,  alioiil  tliirtv  feet  hiuh,  consist- 
In.'"'  1  sliipinn;  |ed.i,'e  of  rocks  covered  with  a  stlaliim  of  vellow  clav,  alioiil  lour  feel  thick,  and 
til-  I.  nil  ciiveied  with  sand  ( IS.")'!  i.  Ihit  in  Isi'.K-TO  71  the  cnv  ei  iiii;  of  sand  did  not  exist  and 
?i  i\  'if^U\  SI  "lis  remained  of  the  patches  of  clay.  I'll  is  rocky  led  ^c  is  one  of  the  most  daii;;eroiis 
on 'I, .  roast  111  its  relation  to  the  larj^e  amount  of  coast  trade.  In  thick  ueather  a  vessel  comjny; 
friiii  'ill  west\<ard  is  close  upon  it  hefore  seeiiiy;  it,  the  moie  especially  as  the  land  to  the  eastward 
K'Hi  i'  -  Miie  and  a  half  miles,  is  ipiite  low.  and  rrei|iieiitlv  cm  not  he  made  out.  'I'he  islcl  sends  otV 
»!'il.i  ii>r  half  a  mill' lolhe  east  southeast  ( I'.Sl'.,  i  t  hat  selves  to  lireak  the  swell  helore  reaching; 
till  '  lull   incre.i.sin;;  tin-  dann;er  lo   vessels  appiii.ichiii;;  (roiii   the  southeast  ward   around  to 

IKi.:  .       .1. 

/  ' /i»('r(/./ r.v  are  repiii  ted  oil' l!ie  islet ;  tile  liist  lies  alioiil  one  i|iiaiter  of  a  mile  siinth  South  West 
(8>''       '!  'Ill  ii.and  the  second  alioiil  one  tliiin  of  a  mile  south.     With  alaiueswell  these  Itreakers 

«tl  I.IMVV. 

I  It  li  III'  live  fa  I  hums  of  water  Is  funinl  jiist  outside  the  isIci,  and  the  ten  la  I  hum  line  is  less 
U'l  '  !  Iiiiils  iif  a  mile  from  l  he  pniiit  llsell,  and  alimil  11111'  tliiid  ol'  a  mile  1  mi  side  the  I'ou  whistle. 

At  '  lis.  the  depth  of  water  is  lliirtv   talhiiiiis  mcr  ;;ieeii  sand  and  mini  :  .it  I'mir  and  a  half 

^'<^  -  lilt;,  I'.ilhinns  ii\  er  meeii  in  in  I ;  at  cIcmii  miles,  It  is  one  hit  in  I  red  I'.itliiiiiis  ov  er  line  ;;ri'eii 

I'"!         'Hie  the  slope  lo  the  one  thonsaiid  I'alhom  line  is  sliarp. 

'II  hiiiiijtr.  In  the  approaches  trom  the  northwesi  a  lai;,'e  hody  of  kclji  stretches  north- 
W^  u'si  (NNV.  hy  W .)  one  and  one  third  miles   from  the  islil  ;  and  inside  this  field,  one  mih^ 

*•'  ■  'MIC  ipiailer  west  (N\\.  |  W.)  Iimii  the  lni;  whistle  and  h  ill'a  mile  I'loiii  shore,  is  a  rock 

"'''  iiiiii   feel  of  water.     The  lliiee  l.iilinm  curve  lies  ahoiil   half  vv.iv  hetwoen  (his  rock  and 

tH-ii'i,'. 


l!'!.'.-   Ill     (1 


m 


;i;    >-i 


•li,      '.It 


j  %  4 


\i  !^ 


I'Alini'   CnAST    I'll.lH". 


A  ruck  witli  iiino  fcft  of  water  niuui  it  is  nuMilioiifd  in  tlic  riilldwin;.' dcsciiiitioii: 

I'liiiit  Ai'io  \iii  rt>  Am  Imrii'ir. —  Tiiis  is  a  .smiiiiii'r  aiirliin.ij,'!'  loi  i 1  li.\  tin-  <iir\  in;;  .tf  tin-  nIihi. 

to  till'  iiortlitMst  iVoin  Afio  Nucvo  ish-l  lor  a  iiiilc  a!iil  a  lliinl,  tlitii  to  tlirsoutlirasl  bvcii.sl  lot  tw 
miles  to  Hi;;  (iulrli.  The  iiitleiitatioii  of  t  lie  sliure  is  altoiit  one  mile  deep  to  I  lie  noi'tli,anil  the  ii.( 
tliiis  formeil  is  moileratelv  well  lunteeteil  trom  the  northwest  swell,  wliieli  is|iiirllv  luokeii  In  ,i 
tliiee  t'athom  leef  ami  liody  of  Ui'li>  sti'etehiii;  half  a  mile  east  soiilheasi  (I'.HK  \  fioiii  the  isli  ; 
A  nine  tool  roek  lies  in  this  kelp  liehl,  near  its  southern  e\lr«'mit\,  ami  sexeral  other  pateheswiih 
less  than  three  lallioiiis  of  water  aie  loiiml  in  it.  Willi  a  stilV  iiorihwestei  Idowiii;;,  ami  a  lai.i 
.swell,  this  reel'lireaks  hea\il\.  Iml  even  then  Ihiic  is  a  ;^oii|  l^e  at  the  anehiHa,!.'e. 


Two  ami  three  tjnaiteis  mih  s  (lire<'tl\  east  I'l 


Afio  Nii<  \o   Islet  is  the  iiiouih  of  the  Arri 


del  Ann  Niie\o,  or  Hi;;  (iilleh.  ami  the  deepest  indentation  of  ihe  eo\  e  lies  three  «|iiartels  of  :i  nu  , 
Iioitli  of  this  iinr.      Alony:  the  north  slnne  of  the  aiiehola;;e  lie  se\  eral  loeks  close  under  the  san. 
eiiveied  Mill)'-..     The  laiuest  and   highest  of  these  r<'cl,s  has  a  iiotalih'  perforation   niiinin;.'  almij 
east  and  wcnI.     At  the  easici  ii  pari  of  the  ha\ .  and  at  Ihe  north  end  of  the  liri;;lit  clills,  tlierr  .m 
I  wo  w  hilf  lioMM  s  on  llie;:ras>v  lilnlV,  which  ist'oitv  feel  hi^li. 


The  best   placi'  tor  aiichoiiii;,' is  in  ei;;hl  falhonis  w  hen  the  mitldle  of  the  islet    lieai 


west  l.\ 


li..;i 


8oiitli  (\V.  Iiy  S.)  distant  seven  ei;;htlis  of  a  mile,  and   roint    Ni'W    \\m  whail'  noiili,  disiaiil 
a  mile.     In  this  pnsiiion  the  eastern  extremitv  of  the  three  falhom   h'd;^e  rnnniii;;  on!   from  iln 
islet  hears  soiitiiwesi  (.SW.i  di-taiit  half  a  mile. 

The  .1  (ill  \iii  Cfi  r»((  /,•  Ihvw  s  thron;^li  a  narrow  vallev  with  sii'ep  hillsides  envercd  in  places  u  iih 
timlu  r.  It  is  sometimes  known  as  Ui;;  Ciiilch.  There  is  a  maiUed  ■•a  ml  rid;;e  a  I  the  moiit  h  uf  il  j> 
strc.im.  hiuher  at  the  sdiithern  extiemil v.  and  almiil  h.ilf  a  mile  in  leii^^lii.  iK.wii  the  west  miIi 
of  the  aricivo  a  wdodcii  tramw.iv  wa>  l.iid  for  c.iii  \  in;;  icilw  dud  In  ml  id.  .\tler  reach  in;;  its  niniiili 
it  was  eonlinucd  aloii!;  the  lace  of  tlii'  lii;;li  vcllow  i>.li  lilnll,  w  iiii  the  yr.ide  lisiiiu  inwards  the  mimiIi 

llv  til  the  e.islciii    point  ol    the  ri>ckv  lcd;;e  in  the  mnlliuisi 


end,  and   then  for  I  wo  mil 


es  west  war 


part  of  the  liav  :   Iml  this  has  liecii  de^tld.\  ed,  and  in  I  >(  ceiiilici,  1>S|,  the  line  on  I  \  aloii; 


tlic  I. lie 


of  the  MiilV  was  \  i.> 


isilile.  and  pail  ol   the  Ireslle  woiU  w 


ashed  down  to  the  lia^e  of  the   liliili.     Tl 


bold  coast  rid;;i'  rises  diic<tlv  from  Ihe  steep  clills  desciibed  loan  estimated  hei;:lit  of  one  thoiis.ii  i| 
feel. 

The  I'liiiit  \i  ir  \  Kif  Whiiit'  is  built  out  alunil  tliiee  hiindred  \  .irds  to  three  lallioni>  oi'  wad  i. 
wlieie  coast  el  n  cmi  discliar;;e  ;ind  load.  The  end  of  the  w  hai  I'  lie>  one  mile  noi  I  heasi  ^  N  i'l.)  Iiein 
the  eastern  cud  of  the  i^lct.  Mom  in  l;  biio\  s  an-  laid  olV  i  lie  w  hai  f.  1 1  i^  repoi  ted  that  llii'  u  inlc  r 
sol  It  Ilea  St  ;;  ales  cut  aw  a.\  the  saild.x  beach  and  shoal  tlic  am  hoia;;e  so  that  on  I  \   the  li;;lilevl  \  c^m  l> 


call  load  :    l>iit  the  slimmer  w  iiids  and  cm  reii) 


ai;ain  (lecpeii 


it.     The  wharf 


w  as  soiiiet  lines  kinm  ' 


as  Waddcll's  Landiii;;.     In  bs.S.l  we  lonnd  the  wli.irf  washed  awa>. 

I'dii  WIIISI  l.K    AT    l''il.M     A.Sti    MKVii. 

A  twelve  inch   steam   fo;;  whistle  i  in   dilplieatei  has  been   eslablished  on  the  sontliwfsti  i  n  ei 
seawaid  side  ol   ilie  locks   islet  oil'  this  poini.  and   li.i.>  been  III  opeiMlion  diiiiii;;   thick   am 
Weather,  da  >  and  ni'd  it,  since  the  I'lMli  Ma\.  IsTJ.     It  i>  soinided  e\  er\  si\l\  li\c  si 


i,.--i 


d-.     'Ih.  >liii. 


tion  of  the  liliisl  is  till  .S((  (>«(/\.  and  the  (/(/(/■(■((/between  111, isis  is  /(/>(/  /('(•(■  A(cc.i/((/.v,  Tlic  111  |Mi\ 
duelling  IS  one  and  a  half  stories  hi;;li,  imilt  ot  wood,  and  painted  li.uht  biitf,  with  brown  looi.  I; 
stands  east  b\  north  Irom  the  l'oy:si;;nal  house,  which  is  also  painted  li;;lit  bnlf  with  blown  lui.i. 
This  fo;;-siy;iial  must  not  be  mistaken  foi  llie  steam  uhislle  at  l'i;jiiin  Point,  olil\  li\e  aiei  elH^ 
(piariei  miles  iioiih  loriv  seven  dc;;rees  west  (N.  IT  W.  .  and  which  has  blasts  of  fmir  si,..-,(s 
separated  li\  alleinate  iiilei\  .ils  of  se\<ii  and  of  fnrtv  live  seconds.  N'essels  fiom  the  smiilr  ml 
lav  their  coilisc  for  the  .Vim  NlleVii  lo;;  w 
siailhward. 

The   ;;eo;:raphical   |iosilion  of  Toilit  .\ho  Nilevo  fo;;vvliisllc,  as  determined   b_v  iheCo.i-l     I'l 


liislle:   and  ihev    I. ike  their  dejiaiillle  liom  il   when  .;! 


(lOodetic  .Siiivi 


l.alitiiili'.. 

I.(lh;;itnilc 

( If .  Ill  tiriii 


ar       lUl     -Id 
I. "J       ■jn       II 


'I'lie  iiia;;iie!ic  variation  for  .latiiiarv   1,  l."<s."i,  was  li;     IS'  cast,  and   increases  (1.7  aiiiin 


r'rom  the  fo''\v  hlstlc  We  h.ive  the  followin;;  be,iiiiii;s  and  dist 


inces  to  impoi  I. ml  |>iiiiii 


mil  11  III   liluiV .'S.  (■,:;     K..  .li.M  ,nl  II J 


rniMi  i;i  .t.uKi  

I'llllll  I' M  l.l-llt., 

I'igriiM  I'limt  bij;lil . 


li:'.       I)  ,  ilislalll      *l    lllllr 


i: ,  iiisMiii  It 


To  Saiilii  < 

i'i;;lt;ceii  ami  I' 

Ihe  dislaii 

■fli..  C.  S.  ( 

l"-."!! ;  ami  its  tl 

I'llii's  to  I'lode;; 

A  study  of 

was  I  lie  );reaf  ii 

viil.i  el' .San  I'Vii 

Will  cov  ered  w 

( >ii  Ihe  elia 

I'niiit   Ano 

ilrsriilied  as  "  )l 

».iiil.  iiiakiii;;  a 
u  liiih  the  name 

in  ITC.!*,  I»( 
Miiiiril  Ihe  latitl 

Sieamcrs  e( 
;lie  l.iiiil  III  the  s 

.^l.|||y  of  Ihi 

Ittrili   I'liini  S,ll 

;i  till-  localily  1 
U\r\  I'l.iv ,  yet   } 
iiiii;;  ■lown  to  th 
Till'  most  n 
h'iriiiii  nil  Ihe  L'i 
i"iifs:  Weather 
^iiv.iii  111  and  cr 
Tlic  nj}'  slmrt 
'liiil  r.itlii.m.s  is  I 
iiiiisl  nearly  up  v 
liifiiri'  inns  noil 
>iiis  iihtained  onl 
■ii'lil  I'niiit  Sant; 
I'l'iii;  Ahii  Niiev 
"■■II  k  s.iinl  and  i 
"I  siiiiiidiny;s.  tin 
;»iilliiiiisand  fat 
-ri'.il  lieplhs  wa.> 
'''(("('■//  ('(ill) . 
■■Spanish  iiav  i;;al 
■iliillalls  \isible 
'•l'-(iiiii'  special  f( 

1''ll  111  tlie  .S;,|l  I 
"•lii'lii'lire  at  the 
"i-lifi  .Hid  aliov 
!'iv>M  <  liiw.irds  ) 

'I'lVi'llicen,.,!  ('., 
^'Iiili  he  llist  saw 
'''-'■  He  was  se 
""'*-'<>,  and  Iho,' 
"'ii'''l  I.  IS  Sierra 

'"•.^  ll.lliled   <■((/),) 

''"•"'aiiode  Nir 

A>.(ll  his  hit 

'""•'I''.:"  earn!  a 

1'i"|.r  II,..  JViiin 


.N.   IT    W.,  ilJHtaiil    .'li  inili'^. 


VACIKK"    COAsr    I'll.or. 


IftS 


T'l  Siiiitik  Cniz  Lij;!!-,  •*olK>\viiin  tin*  sliort'  in  tt'ii  ti>  twelve  faflionis  of  water,  tlio  ilistanee  in 
rj;;li!ii  II  ;iinl  two  tliirds  in  li'ii. 

llic  tlistiiiiee  to  tlie  Itar  of  San  I''ranei8Co  I'.a.v  is  forty  miles. 

111.'  I".  S.  Coast  anil  (iemletie  Siiivey  |)ulilisliiil  a  eliait  of  Point  AfioNuevo  Aiieliora^ie  in 
I".'.!:  anil  its  piieral  features  anil  relation  to  tlie  coast  an-  shown  on  tlu>  eoast  eiiart  from  I'oint 
I'lii,.^  t>i  r>oile;;a  lleail. 

A  siuil.v  of  Calirillo's  narrati\»»  clearly  imlicatos  that  Caltrillo's  t'alio  de  Niove  (Snowy  ('a]»e) 

was  ihe  tjreat  mountain  mass  pressin;;  o iiiwanls  in  tliir.  \  irinil.\  fmm  the  liacklione  of  the  jieiiin- 

sill. I  111  San  l'>anciseo.  He  was  a  pmil  tlistance  from  the  coa^t  ami  |iasseil  it  when  tlie  moiintainH 
HHi  iuMTcil  with  snow.     (See  deseiiptioii  of  Snowy  ("ape  iielow.) 

(Ill  ilie  chart  of  N'izcatno  the  point  is  nanietl  I'niita  ATio  Niicvo. 

I'niiit  Afio  Nnevo  is  mentioned  by  Ailniiral  .Iom'  t'alirera  jiiieno  <ion/ah>s  in  IT.'M,  ami 
ilisriiliitl  as  "a  point  of  low  la  ml  in  latitmie  ;i7A  de^'rees,  whence  tlie  coast  runs  more  to  the  cast- 
Willi,  iiiakiiifr  a  lar;;t'  jjiilf  until  yon  come  to  a  low  point  of  lan»l  thickly  woodcil  to  the  sea,  and  to 
«lii(li  the  name  of  Point  Piiios  has  lieen  fiiven." 

Ill  I7fi!>,  l>on  Miy;M'l  Conslan/.i'i,  the  ent;iiicer  of  Father  .Iiinipero  Serra's  ICxjicdition,  deter- 
MiliM'ii  llie  latitude  **at  Point  Afio  Nne\o,  which  has  a  low  I'ccf  of  rocks,  .'{7^  0\'." 

SiiMUicrs  ciMiiinjxnpon  the  coast  from  the  southward  in  thick  weal  her  always  endeavor  to  make 
the  laiiil  to  the  southward  of  Point  Ano  Nn<'Vo,  and  then  follow  the  coast  to  the  San  Franci.sco  bur. 

M.iny  of  the  coast  in;;  steamers  rei>ort  their  compasses  atVcctrd  w  hen  close  in  with  the  coast  Ite- 


tttiiii  I'oint  Santa  (.'rn/.  and  Point  Ano  Niicm).     Allhoii;;;h  the  \ci 


may  he  pniuipally  atfectcd 


ill  ilii-.  IcM'ality  hy  iindetei'mincil  ocean  ciiriciits,  intlnenced  liy  the  ^ricat  siil>maiiiie  valley  of  Mon- 
tcirv  I'i.iv,  yet  j;eolo;;ists  r«']iort  that  an  extensive  lied  of  nia;,'iii-iie  iron  occurs  in  this  section  rnn- 
i.iiij;  'Inwii  to  the  coast  w  here  it  crops  out  and  «'\liiliits  a  depth  of  several  feet. 

Thr  most  notable  «"iirrent  mentioned  otf  Point  .VnoNueso  is  by  the  Coast  Survey  schooner 
tiie  L'7th  May,  IS.'di.  when  she  fuiiiid  a  .set  of  sixteen  miles  to  the  sonlliward  in  sixteen 
allier  ha/.\ ,  lii;lit  variable  breezes,  and  calm.     Positions  satisfactorih  determined  bv  «»b- 


'.irnii;  nil 
ii'iir^ 


w 


sii\  111  1)1  and  cross  liearin''s 


'['\\t-  I'll'-slitirr  x<iuiiili:iiis  from  Monterey  liay  to  the  l-'aialloiies  show  thai  the  depth  of  one  linn- 


ilicil  r.ilhnin.--  is  found  between  eiijlit  and  nine  mih's  t'loni  the  shore,  and  coiilimies 


at  tlii> 


s  distance 


iiiiiil  nearly  np^^ith  Point  Afio  Nnevo,  wliereil  suddenly  incicases  to  fonrteen  miles  distant  and 
liii'lirc  inns  lioithwest  on  a  line  l^\  in;;  live  miles  outside  the  l''aialli>iies.  'i'lie  deepesl  .sounding 
>:is  (iliiaiiied  only  »'i;;lit  miles  fiom  shore  and  twelve  miles  soiitliwot  tliieeei;jlillis  \\e>t  (SW.  j|  \V.) 
i'liii  I 'i lint  Santa  Crn/,  and  lil'tei'ii  miles  soiitliea>t  by  simth  one  ei;;liih  smiili  (Sll.  by  S.  i  S.)  tVoin 
I'oiiit  Ami)  Nue\o,  The  depth  was  three  huiidied  and  tiiiily  ti\e  taiiioins  over  a  bolloin  of  coarse 
'..i<k>.iiid  and  mud,  and  only  one  mile  outside  the  one  hundredtatiioiii   line.      In  anollier  series 

1  siiiiiii line's.  th(>  one  thousand  fatiiom  line  was  placed  only  thirl.\  one  miles  olV  the  coast,  and  the 
■  >!'  lliiHisaiid  tatliom  line  seveiil  \  li\  e  miles  olf,  w  it  h  ^'reeii  oo/.e  bottom  ;  the  temperature  at  tlie.se 
.rr.it  iliptlis  was  nearly  .'L' '  I'ahrenheit. 

^Hn.ci/ <>(/»■. — Tlieie  is  no  such  point    known   today  to  onr  navi;,'ators,  but   when  the  early 
''paiiisli  naMfjators  were  on  their  voya^;es  ol  di.sctivery   tlu-y   frcipieiitls    noted  bold  prominent 

milliills  \  jsilij,'  from  a  j;ood  distaiii'e  sea «  aid,  and   jzave  tlieiii  names  tVniii   the  Chin  eh  Calendar 

iMuiie  special  feature.     Snowy  Cape  is  one  of  these  l.indmarks.     It  is  tnriucd  b,\  a  ^ri'at  tiaiikiii;; 

I  11  Hi  ilie  San  Fraiici.s(!0  Pt'iiiiisnla  mountains  pressing;  towards  the  ocean.  It  may  be  said  to 
'  'iiiiiiriiif  III  t|it>  north  side  of  llij.'  (inlch,  and  runs  with  increasin;;  lo'i^hl  to  the  northwestward. 
ilii;iiiT  and  altoM^all  the  shore  line,  which  may  be  hidden  in  lia/e  or  mist,  the  ^'iiat  rocky  rid^'e 
I'li'^-i  s  iinv.irds  Middle  Point,  and  its  exposed  rocky  |ialclies,  while  under  ceitain  li^ht,  may  well 

■1^1' (lii'civcd  Cabrillo  into  iiamiii;,'  It.  P>nt  it  is  very  proliable  that  it  was  covered  with  snow 
'Inn  lie  liist  saw  it,  as  he  was  rnnMiii;f  .sonthwanl   betbre  a  heavy  sea  on  the  1S|h  of  November, 

''-'.  Ill- wa.s  seekin;;  for  ii  port  when  he  "discovered  some  very  Inl'ty  nionntaliis  which  rise  to 
''"■•sk\,  ,md  tli«  ,sea  beat  upon  them.  They  were  covered  with  snow  to  the  suninilt,  and  were 
'iinii'il  l.a.s  Sjeiriis  Nevadas,  and  the  principal  lUie  forms  a  cape  wliich  pio|ects  into  the  sea,  which 

'||\  11. mild  ('((/><>(/(' ..V/rr<' (Snowy  Cape).     The  coast  runs  north  iiorihwest  and  south  .suntliea.>-.. 


I'lusCii,,,,!!'  N 


ieviv  is  in  thirty  and  ei'dit  dci'iees  and  two  thirds  of  a  device. 


A--  .ill  his  latitudes  were  too  ^treat,  ran^jiii;;  from  til'ty  minutes  at  the  southward  to  more  tli 


III 


"lie  ill 


and  a  half  at  the  northward,  we  niav  well  assume  that  his  latitude  of  tills  ^real  lateral 


I'll"  fi'  III.'  I'eniiisula  Mountains  is  about  .17  '  OS' 


Tit 


lUli 


1 1 


) 

'i^' 

i' 

ris; 


M 


i.jiiyi' 


154  rA(  iric  (  oAsr  ni.or. 

ri'iTclt)  did  not  s«'«'  tlio  «'iip«*  ""  •'•''  "<'^l  voy;i};o  iiortliwnvd,  nor  on  liis  llniil  vo.Vii;;i"  son  n 
ward. 

IMOKON   POINT. 

Tliirtv  nitif  and  u  half  niilos  north  fifty  dt-prnvs  west  (N.  riO"^  \V.)  from  Toint  I'inoM  I,i;;l!:  i, 
Pitlfon  I'dint,  wiili  a  li;;lit  of  the  liist  order.  It  is  a  <'i>in|iar:ili\  flv  low,  rocK.v  iioint.  hmh- 
aluiipfly  altoiit  (illy  tVcf  ahove  tin' sea.  witii  a  low  ni-ck  of  half  that  clt'vation  immediately  in-iil,- 
tlio  Lijaht.  and  thenee  !.'radiially  risinf;  into  };rassy  hills.  Ileliiinl  it  rise  the  ridjres  and  nu)nni:iMis 
of  the  I'eMiiisula  of  San  Franeisco,  marked  by  forests.  From  I'oint  Afio  Ninvo  Islet  it  Imus 
north  forty  .seven  de;;rees  vest  (N.47  W.),  distant  live  and  a  «inarter  miles.  Otf  tlie  iioju:  li,. 
threoor  fonr  nuiderately  lar};e  detached  roeks  stretehin>;  out  three  linndred  ami  fifty  yards  .slihI, 
sixty  five  de},'rees  west  (.*^.  fi."P  \V.)  from  the  Li^jht  house.  Inside  the  point  to  the  eastward.  :iii'| 
about  one  hundred  and  tiliy  yards  noitln-ast  of  tlu'  I.i«ht,  is  a  small  <'ontraeted  boat  landiii-. 
available  only  in  ^'ood  weather.  There  is  a  whaling  station  here,  and  several  lar^e  store  Ikhi^.v 
have  bi'en  bnilt  on  the  bInlV  aliove  this  landiri}.',  and  a  eiiute,  with  lon^  oufstretrhliii,'  bonins  .i-il 
taekle,  has  been  const  iiicted  by  which  small  coastiii;;  vessels  are  loaded.*  lint  all  fre';,'lit  for  Ihi- 
phu'C  is  delivered  in  surf  boats  and  c.irried  on  shore  on  sailors'  backs.  There  is  anchoia;;e  uikIci 
I'igfon  I'oint, and  it  is  reportetl  as  sonn'what  better  than  the  avera^re  of  these  c-xposed  pines; 
bnt  it  is  broad  open  to  the  south, ami  there  is  very  little  protection  from  tiie  summer  winds  .nhj 
Kwells. 

Point  r.olsa  lies  exactly  one  mile  northwest  from  Pigeon  Point,  bnt  the  li{;ht  on  the  laliriis 
seen  over  it  for  one  (luarter  of  a  mile  iidaml. 

The  shoreline  from  Point  .\no  Nuovo  to  Pi;,'eon  Point  is  rocky,  not  liijlh,  and  retreats  slii;liih 
eastward  in  two  bights,  with  sandy  beaciies,  divided  by  a  low,  juttiii;;  point  called  Middle  I'oiiil. 
This  is  a  very  ineonspicnoiis  ]>oint  from  seaward.  It  is  low,  with  sand-dunes  just  iii>idc.  I  jkhi 
this  stretch  of  the  coast  the  westerly  swell  breaks  very  lu'avily.  liehind  the  shore  the  lain)  in's 
firadually  to  the  first  ridj,'e,  which  has  no  trees  uiion  it;  then  the  inclination  is  urcatei  lo  ilic 
mountains,  which  are  Itlack  with  chaparral  and  have  larj;e  redwood  tri-es  in  the  f,nilches.  Nr.n 
Point  Afio  Nue\o  the  fir.-  -rassy  rid;;e  disappears,  ami  there  i.s  a  broad  mesa  land  back  IVoni  ilic 
boacli,risin;;  sharply  to  the  nionntaiiis.     A  few  farm  houses  are  seen  on  tiiis  mesa. 

A  line  of  soiiiidint:s  of  tifteeii  fathoms  can  be  rarried  friun  half  a  mile  otf  Point  .\iio  Nurvn 
to  the  same  distance  otf  Pi;,'e()n  Point.  There  is  no  kelp  off  this  shore  except  for  one  niilr  i\i>i 
northwest  (WN'W.)  Innn  Point  Ano  Niievo,  alreaily  described  ;  none  off  Pifjeon  I'oint  ii  Mi 
coast  to  the  northward.  The  one  hiiiidreil  fathom  carve  is  thirteen  and  a  half  miles  nil  -U<<ir. 
with  bottom  of  tine,  dark  fireeii  sand  ;  the  thirtylathom  curve  lies  two  miles  oil'  the  point,  uii! 
bottom  of  jrreen  mud  ;  the  twciityf.ithoin  curve  is  one  mile  distant  over  tine  ureeii  sand,  Oiil-: 
s 'Veil  and  eij;ht  fathoms  are  found  close  off  the  tmtlyin;;  rocks,  njion  which  the  swell  lireaK-  m''. 
heavily. 

l'ij;eon  I'oint  was  named  from  the  wreck  at  this  place  of  the  .lipper  sliiji  ('anii  i-  I'lii' 

I.KillT  Ilorsi:    AT    TKiKON    rolNT. 

This  Li;;ht  house  is  situated  about  ninety  yards  from  the  southwest  extremity  of  tin  i" mi 
The  tower  is  the  fiustiim  of  a  cone  one  hundred  feet  ill  liei;;lit  from  base  to  ttx'al  plain  .  '  "f 
brick,  ami  ])aiiited  w  hite  with  the  dome  of  the  lantern  reil.  The  railin;:,  brackets  ol  tin  .  '  '^ 
and  other  iron  work  at  the  lop  of  the  to«er  are  painted  black.  The  keepi'r'f<  dwelliii;;  i-- .  'n-'' 
twostory  house,  built  of  wood,  and  painted  li;;lit  buff  with  a  red  roof.  It  is  jilaced  to  tli^  i-iili- 
westward  ot   the  f     ver  and  has  the  usual  oiit-biiildiii;.'s. 

The   li;;lit   i.H  a    lliishiiiii  irhitr  lifjlit  of  the  llist    (Uiler  of  the  system  of   I''resiiel.     It  >     -  ln-tj 
exhibited   on  the    l.'iili    Noveiiibcr,    IS72,  and  shows   //(/.s/kk  <rr»i/  Im  siroiulu  with   total 
between,  every  iiii;lit  from  sin.set  to  sunrise.     The  _//((a7i  is  four  sei'oiids  in  diiiatioii  and  li 
Kixsee<mds.     The  limits  of  the  an-  of  visibility  are  from  Pillar  Point,  north  thirty  two  (le(.'iii  - 
(N.  .■!-'   W.)  distant   twenty  miles,  round  by  the  west   and  .south  to  Point  Ano  Nncvo  Is!'        ' 
forty  seM'ti  de;,'rees  east  (.S.  i'  ■  Iv)  distant  live  and  a  ipiaiter  miles;   but  it  can  lie  .seen  o\ 

*  'I'lii-  iliiili-,  I  alliil   till-  Col  Ml  HI   Clnili',  liM-alnl    jn-l    iii^nli'  I  In-   lUdlri'l  in;;   rmk  ii|M>n  wliii  li    is  Imill  I       I 

I'l'iiil  l.iylil-liuii»c>,  >t.Micl  I'lir  Irtrrily  .Main,  liul  il   wan  tijim  n  aw  a,\   liy  tin-  (on ('  tin'  Hiiiillir.isl  ;;;ili'  mI  N.i         '< 

1--.'). 


nil. 


,1 


V       ^\ 


1 


li' 


.  \ 

''■■ 

1 

"'^m 

f  !   . 

,tm 

t                       '  ■ 

-1:i| 

1 

Ir 

Ifli 

1:  'w- 

ii 

■  ■■   rmnmmft 


J'liiiit  Ailo  Niii'vci  Fcij;  wliinfli-.  SK.  }  K..T  iiiilcH. 


-»~'  'i  'ijnp  tffjyy  '•'r>3~i»ii'Sji 


I'IKI'oii  Poiiil  l.i(;lil-tiiuisf,  NW.,(i  inilfH 


tliii  1  .iniitriM 

(IIM    l>^lt'   MIlll'S 

I !  M  III  lie 
III  i!.  Iiiif  jiii 
l.l.:li    '  III  imt 

!  II'  local 

lllr  I  ijIiI  .sIiUI 


Till-  ;.'-|'(>;;i' 


l.ali 

l.iini. 

■|| 
I'l 

1'  ni;ii;ii 
III!  Ilio 

I'liiii 
I'liih 

I'mIII 

.Ml. II 
S.illl 
Will.. 

A 

iiiilali|(> 

nil 

III 

I'll  lirlil 

■\  Iwrh-c  i 
Milltlmrst  (\\1 
wiMllni,  day  II 
^ium;iI  is  that/; 
"f /"■iflfire  xci 

^'lI'V'l    Isll't,   <l 

M'l'i'inl.s  iliiralii 
Till-  liiiiilftt 
lininlicil  ami  i 
tliniri'ii  ami  a 
I'laks  iil'tiK*  IN 
\\  lifii  iiir  I 

'"III II  and  a 

«iiiii||.il  ii.ii  ,.j,| 

ami  ,>.iiii||,M.st, 
l''iii-::ii,i  rivcii 
l"ll\  liTi  hijili, 
'«ili'\.>rV,.H  d< 

''"/'  vca  A,) 
/">../,,„■„  ,,„  II 

"iiii  ;ii-ii  and  a 

i-'i^'  ii  ill  ijclail  ( 


I'-M'    .Sdlllli 


■"■'■  a  hill,.  (•;„., li 

'"-"I  l»l'  lllllll 

"I'llir  .l-M;;ii(.d 
I '"It  I  Initio 
ll'iilii  ri-,.,.||  |'„i 


PAriKIr    (OAST    I'll.OT  !.•;» 

\u.>  N'lifvo  iiH  Tir  in  Point  VA  .f;iiio,  Immiimk'  ""hiIIi  lil'l.x  six  ilfjrnM'M  fitst  iS.  ,'(!  K.)  Iwcho  iiikI 
Ihrn  tiii.irH'i)*  inilfs  Irum  I'i^'ckii  roitit,  jiikI  sdiitli  nixly  tlirfi- (Ic^rcfs  cii!*!  (S.  (i.l  I'.,)  m'Vcn  iinil 
mil  I  W  null's  liitni  I'oint  Ann  NufVo  \s\v\. 

!i  I4  III  li<>  iiiiti'il  Mini  IIh> roast  liftwi'tMi  l'ii.'1'on  I'oint  iiml  I'lll.ir  Point  t ilcs  to  tin' )'iiHt\\anl 

,il  t'<  line  joining  thi'iii  iiliont  two  anil  a  hall'  iniirs,  toinini;;  a  loii;;  l>i;;lit  in  wliirli  Pi;;i'oii  Point 
1,1.      .  in  not  hi-  si'cn. 

!  II'  loral  planii  of  the  Iimis  is  one  linmli'i'il  ami  lil't\  t'ri't  alMivr  thr  mean  Icxrl  nl'  the  si'a,  amt 
ilir  I  ulit  .><ln>ul(l  Imi  iHcrn  in  a  lavorahlr  statt;  of  tin'  wratlnT  I'loni  a  In-iL'tit  ot  — 


III  fl- 


at II  iIhI.'IIii  I'  III'  17  7  iiillr 


W  fi'l  I.   Ill    II  lll-llll|l'l<  III'    I'.l.-.l  Mlill'H. 

:ili  t'l'i'l,  at  a  ilitlaiii'i'  <>(  '.'i>  I  iiiiIih, 


•ill  IVrl,  at  a  iliilaiii  ■' 


•,•■,'.;•  null-.. 


Tlic  jri'ofrrapliit'al  itosllion  of  tint  I.i;;lit,  as  (h'tcrinincil  liy  tin'  Coast  ami  (li-oilitii'  Siiivry,  is: 


l.atitnilK 


;17       111      •!•< 


I,( 


illU 


llllll' 


I  ll,  III  llllll' 


1'    Wl'Hi. 


ii'.i"  ;iiim; 


Till'  inaixnt'tii'.  variation  was  'IP  liO'  Ivisf  .lannaiy  1,  I'^H.'i,  with  a  yearly  iiii'icasii  ot'  (I'.'i. 
I'liiiii  llut  la^^lit  tin*  lM'ariii;;s  ami  ilistanccs  to  iiroiiiincnt  [loiiils  an- as  I'oliows: 


roiiil  Siir,  iiiii|m'<c'(l  Hclit 

ruiiil  I'liniN  I,i^IiI'Imiii-ii< 

I'liiiit  Ann  NiiiMi  I'liy-M  III 

Miiiilara  I'liint  l"ii>;-\vlii'.i! 

Siiiitlii-nst  Kariilliiii  l,it;lil- 

WlilntliiiK  Itiiiiy  nil'  Sail  I'raiii  i.Hrii  liar 


S      ."ll 

S.    17 

,1 

\.  ;!i 

-llllllHI'  . 

N.  .-,; 

I*  i:  ,  ili-laiit  .".s  iiiili'H. 
I  r..,  ili-lant  :i'.i(  iiiilri. 
I'..,  iliilaiil  .'i^  iiiilrM. 
I  W.,  tliilaiil  '."i  tiiili'K. 
I       \V  .  iliitiiiit  1'.'^  iiiiliM. 


:|       \V  ,  iliilaiil 


I)  III 


ll.' 


A  iiotaliU*  fcatiiro  on  llic  low  hillsjili-  lit'liiml  tlii>  Li;,'lit  liuiisc  is  an  aiipaifiitly  la,';;(i  white 
I'i'Mii  nii'il  lii'lil.      It  is  the  rain  *-.it('hiiii'n  I  area  I'm'  ilie  s:i]iply  of  llii>  li;;lit  hnn.v.    <t.itiiiii. 

I'iMi  Wllisri.i;    AT    IMiiKON    POINT. 

.\  t«ilvc  inch  Nti'aiii  to;,'  liistli'  lias  licfii  cstalilisln'il  at  I'i^ron  Point  tliiity-scM'ii  yanls  wrst 
Miiiiliwi'si  (\\S\V.)  Cioiii  llh-  Li;;lit  lioiisf,  ami  h.is  Iiith  in  ii|n'r,itiiiii  iliiiiii;,'  tliii'k  .iml  lo;.'^'y 
«i',iiiiii,  il.iy  or  ni;;lit,  .siiiri'  tim  lOih  St'pti'inlit'i',  l^-TI.  Tin'  I'li.iiarli'i  isiir  milaiinii  of  this  foj;- 
^ii;n.il  IS  that  hhixls  o//'iiiir  sn-oiuls  ihinitlnii  iirr  m iinnihil  In/  ulliiinilr  iiili  i  riil\  iif'tti  riii  .sunnily  dinl 
"f  /■'<■> )j  III 


idiiiIk.     This  fo;,' si;;iial  must    mil  l>r  inistaKiii  for  tin-  .strain  w  histlc  at  I'oint  Afio 
sli't,  only  llvi'  ami  a  (piartcr  niih-.s  to  tin'  soiilhrasl  wanl.  ami  whirh   h.is  Masts  of  li'ii 
M'niitls  ilmation  with  ri';;iilar  intervals  of  tllty  live  sicumls. 

I  III- /ini(//ii/N\ hell  olV  I'i-ieon   I'oint  ami   Point   Ano  Nni'vo  is   IlliuL-  .I/hkh/k/ii.  twenty  ei^'ht 
liiiiiihvil  ami   nine  teet  in   liei;;lit,  in    latiliiih 
iliii 
I'l'.iki  iif  the  Peninsula  of  San  l''raiieis('ii,  ami  is  visilde  from  seawanl  foit\  ei;;lii  miles  I'loiii  filioie, 


Mil' iioilli,  loii;iilmle  PJ-    d!"'  we>l,  ami  l\iii^' 
t.iii  ami  a  half  miles  north  forty  «le;,'rees  east  (N.  HI '  1',.)  from  Pifieoii  Poin'.      ll  is  mii'  of  the 


lull 


^\  lii'ii  iitV  Pifieon  Point  the  lirst  eoiispii'iions  lamlmark  to  the  iiorihwanl  is  Mninil   '/.untuhn, 
ilii'ii  anil  a  half  inile.s  iioilli  ei;,'lit    «leu;rees  west  (N.  .S'  \\ .)  from  the  point,  tii;;illi.  r  wiili  the 

A.ioili.j  il.it  riil;io  of  Sierra  Moreiia,  alioiit  twenty  eij;ht  liiimlreil  feet,  in  «le\aliiiii,  Jiist  to  ll ast 

•iiiil  s.iiiilic.ist.  of  /areiiilia.  Sierra  Morena  is  live  miles  from  the  .shore  at  th.'  imnilh  of  the 
I'lin-iiii.i  t'leeli.  P.eyoml  these,  ami  nearer  the  coast,  is  Montara  Moiinlain,  nimtii'ii  hiimlicil  ami 
'"ii\  III  f  liiu;h,  and  oiieaml  three  ipiarteis  iiMes  jnsiile  the  shore  at  .Montara  Poiiit.     ll  lies  mirtn 


l«i ii   \ 


>i  veil  ile;;rees  west.  (N.  '1','^  \V.),  t  weiitytliree  miles  from  Piy;eiiii  P.iiiit. 


//  s,n  miundiiit/s  irist  i>f  I'i 


(jciin 


I'oint. — These  soiiiniin^'s  were   iiiaile  liy  the    P.  S.  steamei 


;«/.,/. ,„„  ,,„  {>,.(.,. I, |l„.|.  o()||,  ,,|„|  21.st,  1.S7.5;  they  liejjiii  Just  oiitsiiU' the  one  humlieil  fathoiii  line. 
"""'"■II  ami  a  half  miles  north  ei{,'litysix  de^'iees  west  (N.  .S(P  W.)  from  l'i;,'eoii  Point.  They  are 
r'i^'  ll  ill  iletail  on  pap'  |(!,'{. 

Iii.-^e  soiimlin;,'s  imiicatt"  that  the  one  thmisaml-fathom  line  ami  the  deep  iilateaii  of  the  Pacititr 
•III-  1  little  farther  otl"  shore  than  abreast  the  Sierra  Sr.  ta  Lucia.  Very  ciirioiisix,  the  deep  .somid- 
'"!■' "I  i'>ii  llioiisand  one  liiindreil  and   .si.xtv  live  fatlio.,  >  is  only  six  inile.s  northea.st  (NK.)  of  i 


1110 


"I  tin 


--i^'iied  positions  of  the  Vitiila  liock. 


IVm 


/     '/  lliilxd — This  is  the  ("ape  Toinpiiii  of  TelieiikolV  and  others,  and  is  one  mile  northwest 
"  I  i:;iiiii  Point ;  it  is  a  Hli),'lit  proji'ct  ion,  rocky,  Init  (jiiite  low.     The  three  fathom  cnrxe  is  only 


}       -I 


I 


i:.G 


I'Acinc  coAsr  I'li.oT. 


^ 


f' 


four  liiiiidrcil  ysinls  from  tilt-  slion*,  and  tlif  f  wtMitvfatlioin  lino  i)ii(>  and  on»Mit'tli  miles  from    'i, 
lioiiit.     'riic  I.ij:lit  fi'diii  l'i;rt>(in  I'nint  shows  over  I'oint  liolsa. 

'I'liis  is  till'  souilicrninost  point  visiiile  tVoin  Montara  I'oint.  tin-  liiu'  cnttinir  jnst  ontsidc  I', .11 
IVscadi'Vo.  .Mitntara  fo<r  wliistlc  lioais  nortli  tliiitvonc  deforces  wcsl  (N.  .'il  W.), distant  t\v(  ■  's 
one  anil  a  <inartt'r  milt's. 

I'isciidi  n>  I'oihf  lies  four  miles  noillnvest  l>y  norlli  (N\\'.  I>y  N.)  from  ri;:eon  Point,  ami  iiiis 
the  same  fii'iieral  a|i])earani'e  as  the  two  jireeedinj:.  The  shoreline  is  iieaily  str; '/lit.  « it  Imu' 
kelp,  and  the  lil'teeii  fathom  line,  with  hard  botfoin.  is  aliont  one  mile  olf  shore.  There  ;ire  pliitv 
of  roeks  within  the  tiireelatlioin  line,  which  reaches  out  six  hundred  ,\  aids  IimH' a  mile  to  the  iiorili 
west  4)f  the  point.     Tliere  is  ;i  siinhin  rm-k,  with  seventeen  feet  n|ioii  it.  1,  iii}:  si\  hiinilicil  ;iiid  iif\ 

yards  sonlli  ity  west  half  west  (.*>.  U\   W .  \  \\ .)  from   the  point,  and  well  outside  the  three  l:ii| 1 

curve,  .\notlier  smiliiii  rdc/,-.  w  illi  fourteen  feet  of  \vater  upon  il.  iicailx  one-third  of  a  miN' ml 
shore  ami  outside  the  three  tathoui  line,  lies  nearly  one  and  a  half  miles  southwest  by  south  bill 
soulli  (.^\V.  liy  ,'^.  A  S.)  from  the  jioiiit  and  almost  lUi  line  to  I'oint  llolsa. 

Alxiut  one  and  a  half  miies  soiithea-i  of  the  point  there  is  the  0|-  'iiini;  of  a  small  creek  with  1 
pelilily  Iieacli. 

I!  mail  oil'  Pesciidero  I'oint  I  In'  thirl  \   fathom  I  in.'  lies  threeaiid  a  half  miles  from  shore  ;  Im;  mii 

soft  ;:reeii   iiind:   the  lifty  fathom    is   six  and  onethird    miles,  soft    ;;i'een    mn<l  :   tl nehiiiKlK  i| 

fathom  line  is  sixteen  miles  olf  shore,  with  bottom  of  line  jireeii  sand  :  thence  the  hotloin  sl,i|i,  ■, 
rapiilly  to  live  hnmln-d  f.ithoins  at  ahont  twenty  live  miles. 

One  and  one  half  mihs  iioith  of  this  point  empties  the  rescadero  Creek,  a  small  siie;iiii  icnu 
in;;  from  lielweeii  tiie  tlankiii;,'  s])iiis  of  the  San  Francisco  Peninsula  nionnlains.  This  siii  ;iiii 
ri'cei\es  the  I'.utano  just  liefore  it  empties  into  tlie  ocean.  *  >li  the  iioi  lli  sidi-  of  tii"  iiu  '  III  ol  llic 
Pescadeio  there  is  a  ;;iiod  saiid  liiacli  ;  011  the  south  side,  towards  ||ic  point,  is  a  low  reddish  liliill. 
With  a  ha/..\  atniosplicre  o\'er  the  land  the  Ion  i;.  low.  dark  soiithern  poiiit,  half  a  mile  h^tiir.  cnnii^  M:r 
plainly.  Tliere  are  two  or  three  houses  on  it  alioiit  half  a  mile  from  its  northern  eMreiMi'\.  A' 
ccrl/iin  times  of  the  day  thi'  el i If  (d'  the  south  point  is  in  shadow  and  show  s  Id.ick  auMinst  tlie  u  ia;i 
lifjhted  up  liiulh  shore  elilf  inside. 

From  the  Airoyo  del  .\no  Nuevo  to  the  Pcscadero.  the  ;;eneral   torination  of  the  iiiiiiMili  i|i' 

sea  Ixtard  is  that  <>f  a  table  land  of  the  three  lerr.ices,  the  lowest   ^'radiially  slopini:  fr ih"  l',i>r 

of  the  seeoiul  to  the  coast ;  I  lie  nnderlyiliij  s!  r  ll'iiii  is  sandsionr  ;  the  d.irk  crest  line  ot'  iln'  ,,,  ..iii( 
ains  inlaiKl  is  co\ered  with  pine. 

i'nnii    /'(.M  ./'/(  Co    I'liiiil   III  I'illdr    I'liiitt.  which  fori'isthe  southwcslern  (loiiit  of  Half  M 1  l;.i\. 

the  t;eneral  ilirectiim  is  northwest  byiioitli  ( N  W.  I)\  N.  1.  and  the  distance  til'ieeii  and  one  ijinil 
miles.     The  shiue   retreats  about    two  and  a  half  miles   to   the  eastward    111  tin-    liistei^hi   iihl.  . 

The  clill's  h.ive  a  siiioolli  xcllou  and   chalky  appeaiance.  and  present  cpiite  \cilical  f.ices   1 .1- 

the  sea.     Soul  li  ot    Pcscadeiti '  "reek  the  color  of  the  el  ills  is  re  Idisli  ami  more  irre;,'ular. 

'I'liiie  and  a  ipiarter  miles  northward  of  tin'  I'esc.idero  opens  the  Siui  (Irnini  in.  anolln  1  siii;ill 
stream.  W'liell  olf  the  nioiilh  of  the  S.iii  tirciiorio  valley,  a  lar;,'e  bl"  id  b.iiii  is  si'cii  111  the  ninlillr 
of  the  valley  about  one  mile  in  from  shore.  Two  miles  still  further  north  opens  t!n'  TkiiiIiI'  ('nd. 
acioss  which  is  seen  a  lattice  brid-je. 

The  sea  boaid  lictweeii  Pcscadero  Creek  and  a  iioini  twn  miles  north  of  the  Tiinitas  iin  ^i,'"^ 
a  stiikiny;  change  both  in  the  character  of  its  topo;.'r.ipli\  ami  its  ;,'c.ilo-\ .  Insie.nl  of  the  ;  iiniil 
table  kinds  wc  meet  with  II  iiikiny:  or  ti.iiisv  ei  sc  spiii^ot  the  San  I'l.iii.i^co  Pciiin^ul.i  m  uiiaiiis 
com iii^f  squarely  upon  the  coast,  and  icichiii;;  elcxalious  of  six  hundred  feet  w  ilhiii  a  111  il'  'i  lli'' 
sea.  'I'lie  shore  line  and  tiie  coast  t;eiier,dly  prescnl  a  broken  aiul  iii;:L;ei|  appc, nance,  c  :  .  il  l'\ 
the  deep  ;,'ulclicH  cut  I  ill  i;  llirollu'll  tlieill.      There  is    no  kelp  a  Ion;;  this  part  ol    the  co.isl. 

Uiifiiiin's  chilli , — Seven  and  one  third  miles  to  the  iiorthw.ird  of  Pescadeio  Point,  an  .  ii  iii  •' 
mile  north  of  the  Tniiil. IS  Cieek,  Cie  shore  111. ikes  a  sharp  liiriitothe  westward  foi  li.i!:  •<'■>'.•]•■. 
under  a  MTlical  white  elill'  over  one  liundied  U'\'\  \\\,i\\.  but,  like  most  ol  the  otiier  ^inall  '  'i''»''> 
lions,  allbidinu  little  or  110  shelier  from  the  wcsterl\  swell.  The  >hori'  line  Is  bliil)  and  !•  ■•  "I'l 
near  the  wolern  part  id'  the  head  a  w  hai  f  li.is  been  built  out  w  itii  a  \i  r>  I  n>;e  and  well  i"!  ■  .H'l'''! 
elillte  for  shippin;;  produce  upon  the  steainers  .iiid  schooiicis  which  hi. id  here,  (iood  iiin.  .:!.:<>  ln' 
outside  the  eliiite.* 


;  i' 


•  I'll.' (;ni,|,,ii  Ciiiiii..  l.iiili  in  1'C'i,  w.-n  (li'mrnvPil  III  till' urcat  Hoiitjii'iisl  ;inl(,  iif  Niivi'iiiliiT  l*lli.  1-- 
i.v.r..Mi-  liiinaiiiH'.  I  I  liijli.  .itMl  ~criiirl>  ;;iivnl  «itli  wiri' calilri.  tin'  riests  iil'  llic  tio-:dirrs  fnijiirnl 
l',Mlll.\    lil'l    r    ir  It.       Ill   llii'    |ili'si'lll    ;;:lli-  Il     1..  »U|.|mi,.  i|  In    li,l\  e  liluw  li    ,l\\.l\    lij    (Ik     Cirir  iif  liir    VMinl        I  ''  '"' 

«  ill  not  lie  ri'liiiili  ( l--i;i. 


1 


X       h 


-«*'-""■•  '^^'^^m^i-^^fuK^^- 


I,' 

i 


■■     P      ■,    > 


SuTiii  Miircim.  'J  Tilli  (Vi'l 


r.'^ciKii'nicpM-k.  !■:.  i>\  s,  -iiiiii'-i 


i' 


U'-' 


ii| 


m 


mM 


■'-^1»»M»"'^'"   "^"'■'Xlfti 


'^''*^^i^i^..1^^7:*'^' 


?r^ 


''ty.\  ,-yr^,-.r-r-  'y 


.^r 


')    '"     „.'/"/'?VfrtTS^ 


Si.'iiii  MiiK'iiH.  J.r.lll  feet 


S:in  (Jri'tjiirio  Cri'i'k. 


\/V 


V-, 


,  r,-rr-.  'I'^O  '  ■ 


')/  ■'  ':n>i-r 


-irr-^rrrT-^-r-xr  r, 


■<\_ 


San  (;n';;i>rio  Cmk. 
Ill'  lii'twirii  ri^sP:ulci(i  CrPi'U  mid  Sirria  Miiri'iia. 


lVsciKior<)<'r''>-U,  )■;.  liy  S.  H  mill's. 


I   III   IT    IS 

I  ii  nil.  .Illil   til 
ill   lie   IS  cstili 

riiiiii  I'ii 


I, 


I  hir  ll;ill 
I  :•  '  iv.  sriiiioi 

l'li\('ll  I 
\l.-i.  \;.\\.  II 
li'iM  iMiiinilMi 
.iliiiiiil.iiii'i'  II 

llir  InKlllltaJn 
.III  -.rcll  III  ( I 
■  "inm^  III  fill 

I'nnlt   Ml) 

.Miii!lii'.ist\\  ,in 

(cLr  .i|'  ,1  Icilly 
I'h'ilr.  Ill  I'di 
lll^imn'  rilliiT 

!iii'>.i.  I'or  a 
i>'  V   ilnii;;  till 

Mill!  iilMsl    111'   I' 

liiiiii  I'lllar  I'l 
Inuli  I'lllls  UN  < 
liill  li.is  cliaii;;'! 

r.lMh    ill'tfl'ICI 
I   llllll    I'csi 

'•I  .1   null'   11(11 

:iill'  >  III   llll'  .S(l 

III  liii  iliicc  la 

Till'  Ihllliil 
III!  lr.|s|.>    \  ,.|y 

llir  llnicisc  nil 
;.'i'lli'lallv  III'  III 
Niillli  III' 

I'ai.illnii  I'm  t\ 


Tins  Jirail 
''i^iii.  ,iiii|  fi; 
'<l>  I'.iccil  lalill 
I'll- III   II. ill 


Ii  i'iiiiiiitI~ 
iliiiiiiil  II 


N'-il 

ki'l|, 

'"'■"I.S    liM'  ,\.l| 

IS  Hill-    «||(.||    , 
1^  lll.lll\     .Is    ll 

"111- 1. nihil,.,! 
"I  II  inal  ihr 
iii.iiLi,]  |,v  K, 

^'I'l'I'iil.V  I'll. Ill 

I- 11,.  „„ii||, 

Mil,,,    l;,,,. 


till  kI 


rAcii'ic  ckasi   ni,MT. 


).'»7 


Till  !■'•  i-*  ;i  i<  <■!' ol' >iiiikrn  lorks, iipiin  wliirli  tlicsca  sDiiM'tiiiics  Itrcaks,!!  liltlr  <ivt>r  twoliiiiidnMl 
\.i'.U  \M'>I  Iriiiii  till'  I'liil  (if  lilt-  t'liiilt'.  'I'lii'  lii'iiil  iiuiDi'iii^  for  llir  cliut*' liiis  lif'li't'ii  t°iitliiiins  of 
,  i,  III,,  .iiiil  till'  Miirliiii'  lies  just  nil  tiic  iiisjilt'  *'<);;<•  (if  this  itcf.  Tliif  tlistniice  iroiii  tlu'  tiiiuj°  Ui  tla*' 
,  h  ilr  IS  cstiliMlcil  111  lie   mImiiiI  t  \m>  lillllillt'il  ,\  :i|'(Is. 

I'loiii  rill:n  roiiit,(i(iiiliiirs  Cliutc  licars  hoiitli  fnrlvtlirt't'  (h'^iifcsciist  (S.  J.'i'  K.),  tlistaiit  nine 

llnl.s. 

One  liair  mill'  oil  I  lie  licacli  to  tlir  sunt  li  ward  nl  ('■  in  (Inn's  Clinic,  and  otl'tlif  iniiiitli  ol'Tiinitas 
III  c  U.  si'liiiiinci's  ancliiii'  in  sex  en  la  tin  mis  (ivcr  iianl  sandv  lioildin. 

I'.IrM'ii   miles   liciii'i' III  tlic   11(11  tliwanl,  III   Mimtaia    ruiiil   and   iiiclndin^  tin*  sliort's  (if  Halt' 

\| r,a\,  till'  sliiii'c  is  a  clilV  lini'dcrin;;  a  naiiuw  strip  nl'  lalilfland  wiiicli  llanks  tlic  lii<;li  and 

ii  :  i   iiiiiiintains.     All    tlic  liillsidcs    and  slinics  arc   dcvnid  nt°  tiinlici',  wliicli  is  t'niind  in   moderate 

,i! l.iiii'c  (inl\  aliiii;:  tlic  aiiiiyns  and  tmrdeis  nf  liic   streams.     'I'lic  mass  nl'  red wnnds  cresting 

ihc  iiKHintains  nf  the  peninsula  ceases  aiiniptlv  alireasi  nf  I'nint  Mirainniitcs,  and  nnlv  strajifjlcns 
111  -.leii  In  llie  iinrtliwaid.  They  are  a  ;;nnd  mark  for  recn^^ni/inj;  tlii,s  jiart  nf  the  coast  wlieii 
, v'^  in  fnnn  tlic  sea.      Nn   kelp  lies  niV  Iliis  streleli  nf  llic  cnast  line. 

I'liiiit  Mliaiiioiilt's.* — I'MI'tccn  miles  north  west  ward  fmni  I'ip'nii  rnint  and  I'niir  and  a  half  iiiili>M 
Miirlie.istw.ird  finm  I'lilar  I'nint,  is  tlie  rniindiii;;  ciirxc  nf  I'nint  .Mirainonles,  wliieli  j.s  tlic  hliitV 
iiL'  if  a  Inim  talileland  strctcliin;;  for  ten  or  eleven  miles  from  tlic  Lnliitns  Creek,  near  (inrdon'.s 
(  ii  Mr,  In  I'nint  .Mnntara.  It  dues  nnl  slinw  as  a  pnint  except  wlicn  a  vessel  is  dan;;crousl_v  (ilnse 
i:i-ii.iii'  I'itlier  noitli  or  .sonlli  nf  it.  Tlic  I'tirisiina  and  the  I'illarcilos  Creeks  break  tliroii;;!!  this 
'II.'-. I.  I''nr  a  mile  alonj;  the  point  there  are  laru'e  rocks  inside  the  tliree-fathoin  line.  There  is  no 
'k'!|i  ilnii;;  the  shore  hence  In  Hall  Mnnii  Itas.  The  month  i>\'  the  I'nrisiina  <'i'cek  is  two  miles 
'.iiiiiiciot  of  I'nint  Mirainniitcs,  and  six  and  a  half  miles  sniilli  forl\-eij:lil  dc^'rces  cast  (8.  |S^  Iv) 
ii'iii  I'illar  I'nint.  It  empties  dircetl,\  into  the  sea  from  a  lieij;iil  of  tliirlv  li\('  or  forlv  feet,  with 
II  .;li  'lills  nil  either  side.  In  issii  it  is  repnrtcil  that  the  reeedin;;  of  the  tipper  part  of  the  over- 
!.ill  Ills  cliaii^ed  tli(>  appearance  of  this  cascade.  The  I'illarcilos  is  i|nite  small  and  its  month  not 
i-,i>iU  lii'tccled. 

I  inin  I'escadero  I'oint  to  I'illar  I'diiit  the  t lirec  fatlioiii  curve  is  almost  nnifnrml.v  oiu>-<]iiarti>r 
•  'I  ,\  mile  Irniii  shnre,  withnnt  an\  knnwn  (lan;;('r  niilside  nf  it.  I''rnin  I'niiil  Miiauiniites  fnr  t'niir 
iiiil<  s  to  the  sniithcasi  there  are  numcrniis  rocks  under  the  cliffs,  and  some  of  them  reaching;  nearly 
t<i  til'  tliii'i'  fathom  limit. 

fill'  lint  I  nm  a  Inn;,'  this  stictch  nf  coast  is  line  dark  sand  and  hard.  The  depth  nf  water  olt'sliorc 
iiirii.ixs  \ciy  f;r.idii.illy  to  thirty  falhnms  at  live  miles,  nxcr  line  jji'icn  and  uray  sands.  Hence 
till' iii>'r('a--c  nf  di'pt  h  is  ipiiic  re;;iilar  tonne  hundred  fathnms  a;  iiinelecn  miles,  with  ti  liuttoiii 
L:riii'iiilly  of  line  ;;rcen  sand. 

Nniili  (if  I'illar  I'ninl  Ihc  tliiiiyl'atliuiii  line  nf  soundings  str(!tehes  stiiiij;ht  for  tUe  Southciist 
I'ai.iiliiii  fill  two  thirds  the  distance. 

riLLAU  roiNT. 

Tins  headliind  is  nineteen  and  one  third  miles  noithwcst  liy  iiotth  (N\V.  Iiy  N.)  from  Pi{jcon 
IViiii.  .iiid  ci;:hiecii  miles  south  li\  cist  (S.  Ii\  \'..  I'inin  the  ( Inldeii  (iaie  nf  San  I'lanciscn.  It  is  a 
'■'ill  I  inil  til  I  lie  land,  rising'  In  niii'  hit  mi  red  and  ('i;;lit.\  niie  ft'i't  alio\  (•  the  sea,  and  forms  the  western 
Mill  Ml    Ihilf  .Mitiin  lia.\.     The  old  Spanish  n.iiiic  lor  it  is  the  Corral  de  Tierra.     .\  low,  eonlraeted 

ii''|  l> 'im ts  the  point  with    the    inaiiil.ind    Inward    the  north.     There  is  fniil  ;;inund   marked  by 

k''i|>  iiniind  the  pniiil,  cspi'ciall>  finm  the  smith  loiind  iiiln  Half  .Moon  liay.  Tliice  hundred  and 
!wciit\  liM'  \aid.s  south  of  the  cxtn-iiiily  of  the  point  .stretch  a  niiiiilicr  of  Mack  mcks,  which  show 
I't'iii''  when  coinint,'  up  the  coast,  but  as  thtceor  fntir  when  seen  fidin  the  noithwcst.  The  lai'iicst 
iMii.iil\  ,i>  hi;:h  as  the  liliitf  and  locally  known  as  .Sail  Umk  ni  rillat  K'nck.*  It  extends  abntit 
"lit' I, iiiiilrcd  and  twenty  live  yards  snuthwest  and  iiorlluasl,  and  the  hi^li,  pillar  shaped  |inilioii 
"I  II  !■'.  al  the  sniithwest  extremity.  l''rniM  Ihc  snntheasl  side  nf  rillai  I'nint.  rockN  and  foul  liotlniii, 
iii.nl, id  li\  kelp,  cxlelids  sniitheast  niic  third  e.isl  (Sf",.  \  \'..]  scNcli  i'i;;htlis  ot'  a  mile,  dlnppiti;; 
■"I'iili  iil\  limn  t'liiii  ti'cn  feel  to  live  l.ilhoms.  This  daii;ici  and  the  dctaclu'd  rocky  shoal  further 
""li.  ^.iiiihcasUvard  arc  marked  bv  biioys,  and  will  be  fiiilhcr  dcsiiribcil  iiiulcr  llio  head  of  Halt 
Ml-   i;,,y. 

*  NiUiii'il  friiiii  lliK  K'aiirhii  uf  llm  Hiuiir  iiaiiu'.     On  hhiiu.  of  tlio  iIociiiih'IiIh  it  in  H|ii<lltiil  Muraiiuiiiti'/. 

•  Ill  Kill  it  wiiscaUi'd  Sti'0|ilt'  Kiick. 


n 

1 
I 


^iji' 


I    ! 

n 

I'. 


'SlHJ'Nnl 


,?    ■! 


'.'  i 


I 


Pv..!ii 


'« 


, 


i 

'Iwl 

h 

.  fflBa 

i' 

i|,.(i|l|l' 

'1; 

'"  l^fi  1 

hii 

:     Wn  1 

"%m  1 

mi 


\l    V 


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■'  ):. 


'     A' 


:\    * 


m 


r  ^C 


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'"■PBVMin* 


■ta 


.A 


Siiil  or  Slcfplc  UwU,  oil  Pillar  roint,  Mnlf  Moon  Hay  (fui  hovii  from  wiiw»rcl>. 


ai^ 


^A--" 


T.»'?^* 


w*>  -,  -    -*  ^  .  . 


I'illar  I'oiiit,  K.  b>  S.,:iiuil.'«.        Mil  or  Stwpl.^  Kock.         Half  Moon  Hay. 


■i^    m 


H 


\4i 


'  IJ 

^ 

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■; 

'  M  .'if 

ul 

»^ 


i  ^1, 


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m 

HHH 

M^  ^Hi 

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SH 

^  -it, 

'milH 

f-iiiii' 

In^^l  Ifti  lAU 

'iji^ 

i't^<  .>I1    I'llillt    I.inlltlKllMC. 

SF  !•>  K.  ♦  Iv.ruiiili'H 


I'liinl  Aiiii  Niii'vci 


Miiiliil  (!ariiii>l,  run  ilhtiji'ii, 

■I.IIT  (•••■t.  s|;.  *  i;   i,.'ii,iii.H       I  iliM  Ci'i-t 


</' 


■'c   '■^. 


'^•*i4».-' 


'**>*^-:^.^^ 


•'-•-,  ^  >  V  '.  >'-»-^,^> 


►-V  "  "1    r    »  •.     ''I 


■*fr  v-r; 


«■;•»•»    ••■"•■•    p»,- 


»!»■     ^  '• 


Ciiast  tmviird-i  Hftll'Miiori  ltii\ 


(l.inliiirH  (.'hutf  llill.  Ni:.  Ii\  N.,  4  null' 


lO-S 


I'lllur  l'..Mil,  N  NW    ,  V  iinli' 


"Tf 


I VI 


ir  ImiiiihI  i 

'iH|||v>.  uiili  til 
Bl.nlil  I'lv  ii 
IM^.'lc-  th 
:  ;i!>iiiit  .S( 
pAy  iMttiiiii. 

:ij|(ir  I  III'  >\vcr 

A /('■.jKirt  1 

bij  !-•  i-.ist 

Iflril   r I    I 

i"!!!.!!-    i'llilll 

i«liii',     Tl 
f^liii':^  ulili-li 
'■  t  mist 
'-■•arii'ri-.lic.s 


rmim 


m 


I'ACM'IC    CUAsr    l'U.OT. 


l-»:» 


iiiis    rlniii!  liiiiisc  til  lliiiriiticlioiii;;!'.     'I  lie  wliarf  ciosc  iiiultT  tin'  point  ami  the  lar^jouiipaiiitetl 
^11'  ii<    M'  iin-  ill  tli«  shallow  of  (lie  iicail  ami  not  easily  ilistiii<;iii.slioil. 

It^'(>^S  IN  IIAI.K  M(M)N  IlAV   AM)  ArrWOACIlKS. 

A    ■  1  iiinl  class  iiin  huin/  /niiiitnl  hlml;,  ami  niiinlniiil   I,  marks  the  si>iithea8lerti  extremity  of 
pjllii  I      III  lli'fl.  Mini  lifs  ill  scM'ii  I'aHioiiis  of  water.      Troiii  it  Sail  IJoelv  bears  iiortliwrsl  hy  west 

(111 1  ins  west  (N\\  .  liy  \V.  J  \\'.),  liistant  one  ami  oiietweiftii  miles;  the  ohi  w  harf,  jiisl  inside 

of!':!  I'oiiit  ami  ill  the  line  Willi  the  eastern  eiliie  of  the  reel',  northwest  (N\V.),  distant,  liiie  ami  a 
lull  II  —  :  Aiiiespoit  wliail'  hears  northeast  (»m'('i;;lith  east  (N'lC.  i  K.),  distant  one,  and  one  sixth 
mill-,  .ml  ill  line  witii  U.iid  I'atu;  and  Ueil  Itiioy  No.  1.' hears  smitheast  hy  south  {.Slv  l>y  S.) 
li}i  .1  I    le  distant. 

\  ■     ■>i\i\  f\.i^'i  (iiii  liuiii/,  i)iil!>ti(l  n-fl,  ami   iiniuhireil '2,  in;v:k^  the  inner  ed},'e  of  the  northwest, 
(il  ut  ilii' Southern  or  Outer  Iki'el',  .iml  lies  in  live  fathoms  .f  water.     l''roin  it  .'sail  Ifoek  hears 
'lh^^|■M  lliree  i|ii:ii'ters  wesi  (N\V.  ,'  W.),  distani  a  little  ovi;-    one  and  a  half  miles;   .Viiiesport 
liiil  I,.  Mil  northeast  (N.  S\',.),  distant  one  and   tlireeei;;htlis  miles;  and  Spanishtov  n  east  half 
.jUliiir..  '.  N.),  distant  two  and  a   ipiarter   miles  to  the  shore.     The  hlaek  hiioy  on  the  soiithea.tt 

111'  !'ir  lii.ier  Ileef  hears  northwest  hy   north  (N\V.  hy  X.)  half  a  mile  distant. 

A d  elass  fdnhuoif,  luiintriihlntk,  and  iiiimhrnil  '.),  marks  the  southeast  end  of  the  soiitli- 

Ui  Ml  (iiiier  l\eef,  and  lies  in  six  fatiioins  of  water.  I^'roin  it  Sail  Itoek  hears  northwest  f  liree- 
^iliTs  west  (N\V.  ■;  W.),  distant  two  miles;  .Vinesporl  wharf  north  live  ei^ditlis  e.ist  (\.  ^'  ]•].), 
iBt.int  I  Mil' and  live  ei;^ditlis  miles;  and  Spanishtown  east  hy  north  une-ei;:htli  north  (1^.  l>.\  N.  ^  N.), 
nan-sI  s'u.ire  disianl  one  and  a  third  miles.  'I'lio  red  liiioy  is  in  line  to  S.iil  Uoek,  ami  distant 
1^\\\  li.ilt  a  mile. 
V   ri    -'   Uiio.NS  are  sometimes  toiiiid  a  short  distaiu'e  inslioi"  from  these  preserihed  imsitions, 

I  SAii.TNc;  niiii'cfioNs  m  iiAt.i'  mc.un  hay. 

,|  it'  liniiiid  into  Half  Moon  11. ly  under  steam  for  an  anehora^re,  pass  between  the  blaek  and  red 
I ''Av>.  >viili  the  .\iiiespiirt,  wliai  f  bearin;r  northe.ist  by  north  (N  Iv  by  N.),  and  steer  for  it ;  hail! 
ji.iilii  lily  into  the  bay  and  anchor  in  four  to  si.<  fallioms  over  hard  sand.  With  a  sailinjj  v  ssel, 
11  iiis.'ic  the  Pillar  Point  bl.Ktk  buoy,  with  the  usual  sipnmer  winds,  beat  up  until  Pillar  Point 
r.s  aliiiiit  son'hwest  (S\V.)  half  a  mile  dist.mt,  and  anelior  in  t'eiir  and  a  halt'  lathoins,  liani 
ilv  liitioiii.  Woikin;;  up  froiii  the  soiitii  ward,  sailing  vessels  iieit  inside  the  Oiitir  IJeef  to  '^it 
[ii' till' swell ;  and  steamers  can  riiii  a  mile  from  shore  in  nine  t'athonis. 

A'lii'.jHirt  I.Mii'iit(j. — The  old  landiiiii' hir  I 'ab' .Moon  May  was  in  the  northweslerii  part  of  the 
It  |!l^t  cist  of  Pill.ir  Point;  but  the  wh.irf  built  tlieri-  has  been  abamloneil,  am;  a  new  one  cin 
vlnl  I'liiii  the  eastern  elitV  nearly  twi  miles  east  two  thirds  north  (10.;;  N.)  from  the  4'xtremity 
>\  'ilLir  I'liiiit.  Sailiiu;  vessels  can  now  pass  between  the  iwo  reel's  and  haul  up  directly  for 
,1  wliii'.  There  are  three  ;;ood  iniKuiii;,' buoys  lyiiiij  otl  it.  The  trade  is  principally  done  by 
iiii:>  wliicli  can  lie  at   the  wharf. 

Till'  (  iiast  and  (icodetic.  Survey  has  published  a  chart  of  Half  .Moon  l!ay  (bst;..!,  and  its 
■;ll■ll■l]^lil•s  and  relation  to  the  coast  are  shown  in  the  chart  from  Point  Pinos  to  l!odej;a 
1, 

ll.i'i   Mmin    I'.ay  is  ipiite  dearly  shown   in  the   chart  of  Vi/.eaino  of    Pitrj,  but   he   does   not 
irt'i       II   his  naiialixe.     Tlie  iaii'mie  of  Pill.ii   "oiiit  was  determined   in    ITtiiMiy  Koii   Mi^in'l 
^iii'    '  IS   17    .11  .and   he   named  it    Point  (in  irdiaii    .\iii,'el.      It  was  from  liie   moiinlains  back 
lit   Mo, 111  |;,i\  that    the  exjicdii  loii  ot'  .liiiiipeio   Sena  in  \~''..>  tiisl  saw  llie  l!a\  of  San    I'r.iii- 
I'lIBi'.  llf  I 'iLilliHies,  and    Point    Iteyes.     The   point  is  also  called   the   Piiiiia  de  Corral  Tieir.i  in 
I'lfiit  S;.  -ii.sli  ilociiments. 

II '  1     III  It's  I'll  I  liar. — .\boiit  one  mile   alon;;  th-.-  shore  to  the   northwestward  of  the  cxlrein- 
'l)§)l  I  Point  IS  :•.  small  boat  harbor  known  as  Whalemen's  Harbor.     It  lies  directly  under  the 

■^'  ,  uliif  the  mesa  ridjie  jii-t  iiorlliwest  of  Pillar  Point.  The  ridnc  is  two  hiimlicd  feet 
■'■  '  "vv  1,111,1  behind  it,  and  declines  to  the  northwest.  The  aiicliora;;e  is  one  liiii,<ii'ed 
^  '•  lormed  and  protected  by  ontly-nj;  dikes  of  rock,  an-l  has  three  and  a  half  fathoms  of 
>  'II  .\  lai;;e  ontlyin;^  led;u'*'  and  a  mass  of  kelp  lieolV  it  to  the  northwestward  and  fcnn  a 
•'1  ><■■■  .ikw,iier  to  the  entr.iuce,  w  liich  has  fo;ir  or  live  l.itii.'ins.  .V  depth  of  three  fathoms  can 
rW''"''  '  '■'   l''i   l*»m'  hundred  .\a ds,  with  an  averagi   width  of  eij;hly  yards.     'J'lie  entrance  is 


r 


M 


V. 

V 


11 
m 


I  "i- 


\    if 


i  ,i 


100 


rAcii'ic  coAsr  ni.or. 


Dpi'ii  tliri'ctly  tti  tlif  south,  1111(1  till' i'li;iMiii'l  ;:i;iilii;illy  cmxcs  to  tlu' cast.     In  IId' autiiiiiii  iM.iMti,, 
it  is  used   ;is  M  wiialiiif,'  station   tidni  wliiili  the  lio;iis  jiiv  npon  tin'  ap|H'ii.''anc«' <if  wlialrs.     I'ln 


•I'nL'i'  1.- 


>liii\\n  on  the  Coast  Sui\i'\  cliail  of  ll.df  Moon   liav. 


MONIAKA    rnlNT. 


'I'wo  anil  tlirt'c  (|nartt"' .  mill's,  nottli  I'oily  tlijii'.cs   \M-..t    (N.  in    \V  )  from   Pillar  PoiiiiJi, 
Monlaia    roini,  npoi'  .\Mi(li   a   ii^lil  iionsc  i>  to  lie   Imilt    as  one  of  I  he  aids  to   tlo'  a|i|no:irlii  ,  i 


llii'C 


n  (i 


'I'l 


\f    iminl   Is  llic  UcslciMMIiis 


■li  of  a  Ion;;  cm  At'  ol  low  lilnlf,  wliidi  >Im  hln 


UlCV    opc|||||;_ 


from  I'l'l.ii-  I'oinI  noilliwanl  for  liini'  miles,  ;ui(l  is  liat'kcil  l>y  a  riaiidw ,  llat  \ 
half  Moon  I'.ay  ami  i'is|  sonlli  of  Montai.i  I'oinl,  tlins  si'paiatiiii:  llif  riil-r  formin;;  Tillai  rom' 
trotn  till'  hiuli  l.iiiils  III  till'  inn  llic.isi  Willi.  'I'inii'aic  several  sliort  strctclirsof  sainlx  licacli  In  \\M■,^■ 
Pillar  Poiiil  ami  Montaia  Point  close  ninler  Ilie  clilVs,  The  clilV  at  tlie  |ioinl  is  alxint  si\;\  in; 
aliovc  the  sea.  ^ininleil  li_\  rocks  for  oiie  or  Iwo  lininlred  yards  outside,  ami  rises  in  nenllc  si.ii.r- 
io  a  lirokeii,  iiai  row  table  of  three  linndred  feet  elevation  that  extends  hack  4Mie  ami  .i  ijuirn 
miles;  it  then  rises  alniipils  in  the  m\t  two  miles  to  Moiitara  Momitaiii.*  This  m.niiii.nii  i> 
nineteen   hundred  and   foit.\    Ice!  alioNc  the   sea,  \ery  steep,  and   is  destitute   of  lim   er.     I;  u  ,f 


d    landfall  and   lainl 


mark 


I'iie    llil;,'i'    Climes  al'allptly   llpoll    the    sea    at    its    liol  lliweslei  i 


tieiiiily.  foimiii;,'  Point  San  Pi  ili  o.  Iline  and  a  half  milc>   noil',  liy  west  hall  west  (N.li,\  \\  . '  \V 
from  Moiitara    Point.     (I'm  a  fiirilier  dcM'i  ipl  ion  of  Monlara  .loiiniain  and    Point  San    I'i'li  im 


.\ppiiiaclics  to  San    I'rancisco   Pay.  pa;:cs  1(17  and  l(i!i.) 


I'dlNr    MdMAUA    I  (Hi  WIIISTI.l', 


.\  twi'hc  inch    steam   foi;  whistle   has   tiecii    placeil   (I'^T.'i)  upon   the  top  of  the  hlnlV  of  I'miii 


I  aid  III  na\  i;:alioii,  althoil;;li  thev  ale  leal 


Moiitara.      In  day  time  tlie  liiiildiii;;>  >ei  \e  as  ai 

iiieonspicnoiis  even  al  Iwo  miles.     The  to;;  sitjiial   Iniildiii^'  is  painted   li^lil    Inill'.  and  tl 


■]<vl- 


dwellili''.  of 


\v  .mil,  .me  am 


1  a  half  stories  hiyh,  ahoiit  thiitv  \ards  fio!ii  the  limner,  i,'^ 


aNo  I', 


li^ht  ImtVuiili  d.iik  Imlf  tiiinminj^s. 

'I'he  distilictixe  eharaeliT  ot  the  to;;  si;;nal  is;  <i  hliist  of  livi  minnih  with  ail  iuliirill  III  iiniiti- 
Jive  siri'inls,      .\  dn|illcale  steam  wliisije  is  ready  for  use  in  case  of  accident  to  the  one  soiimiIihl:. 

In  siiiilheist  weaiiicrihe  Mii:it,iia  fo^' si^inal  h.is  lieen  heard  olV  Point  lailios  and  on  ilir  li.i: 
o!"  San  l'i;iiiciM'o,  at  a  distance  ol   lifieeii  miles. 

Prom  Miintaia  Point  vve  Imve  ilie  followinj;  l)eaiiii;;s  and  distances  to  proinineiit  piiiiit>; 


I' 


I'.iinl   l.iuhl  li. 


SoiilliiM-l  I'.iiallMii  l.i;.'lit'1 
Wlljslllll};  lill.iy  nil  S.lli  I'l 
Ill;:ll  |{iH  k  I'll  I'liilit  S;lli  I 
I'uiiil  liiuiita  I,i;;lit-liiiuHr 


\ 

. 

1  li.ir 

N 

II 

'I'lllll 

\ 

•i| 

N.  ■Jn 

I'...    ili.'-laMt  '.'■,'  mill-. 

\\  ..  ili-il.-oil  'iU  nulls. 

\\  .,  illsl^iiit  I  I]  lllilt'n. 

\V.,  ilislaiil  :i(  mill's. 

W..  ihstaiit  IT  mil.'s. 


l-'roin    .^!ontala    l''o;,' si;;nal  station.  Point    Puineta   l.i^jht   shows  luM  ween  Point  San  I'l  li.i.iinl 
the  link  ulV  It. 

.MoiiI:ii;i  Puiiil  w.is  named  liy  the  I'.  .S<'ii;ist  and  ( leodetic  Snixcv   in  IS7;{. 

'/'/((   ('nlii)iuln  /.((/(/(,  — I  let  ween  Pillar  I'oinl  and  Moniai;,  Point,  the  ;;r.iiiitc  miIi  surf, |i(Il;i> 

stretch  nut  Iroin    the    lililtl   .shore   and    toini    liick>  ilike>willi    deep  »■,  atel    In'twccn    tlniii.       lln^f 
dikes  appc";     o  lie  iicaily  \  crtical  stial.i  with  I  he  soltci  parts  w,i>hed   away.     'I'licir  ;:eiiii  il  ilun 
tioii  o-  that  ol    llic  two  hniiilied  loot  delached  me,>a  rid;;e  whose   Miiitheast    exlicinil^   Initiis  I'lllir 
I'oint    and  the  reels  nil    ll        I  lii\   are   al>o     p.iiallel    to    the    southwest    face  ol    the    mr.liii' i;li   I'l-^i' 
altoilt  half  ;i  iiiile  jii.shoiv.      \\  haleman's  llarlior  is  t'olined  li\   two  ot'  these  dikes. 


.\  speci.ii   wall! 


I  w:is  iiiiide  liom    slmie   loi   the  Im  akeis  on  the.se  dikes  afti'i  a  lic.n  \    •Iniiulii 


.1,11111,11  \ .   Iss|.  ;i;.,|   the  liijlow  inn   iiicls  c.st.ililisjied 


.\    hriiiL    Iniir  nulls  uf  a    mile   smith    niiieleeli    denieeswcst    ;S.  I'.l     \\ .)    Iioiii    .M. 


Ill, I!  1   rrni- 


whisth 


,1  hrinl;  liiarh    thiec  litliis  nl'  ,i  nille  south  follv  de^'l 


ees  w  cs 


t  (S.  HI     W.)  I 


rom  III!'  1. 


.  lllslll' 


.1    /oi'i/,    jiist    over    IkiII    ,1    mile    soiilh    S('\ent\   seM'ii    de^li'cs    west    (S,  77     W'.i    fl'     i   llirlut 


wllislh 


'I'hese   :ippeal    lo  lie  the  onlei   ends  ot'  three  Ioiil;  ;illd  p.ll.iliel  dikes   stretchlllL;  I 


imii 


east  shore,      llelwecii  tlie.n^aiid  inside  of  t  he  noil  hei  n  one.  I  he  depi  lis  reach  ten  tal  lioiiis      i  •ul.'>iili' 
of  ihem,  he,i\  \    lie;i\  inns  Iff  I  he  seii   were  seen  for  si\  liiinilied   \  ;irils    f;llllier, 

•nil  III.'  ..M  i;ii;;li,li  .  ImiIi  iI  is  .  ,ill.  .1  Cl.ii.i  .\|..inil.iiii.      l)i'  .Mnli.is  i  l-ll)  .'hIIh  iI  Saiiil  Cl.ii 


i: 


i  u 


1  ll?  (» 


- 

11 

f 

',/ • 

r'UffiiM 

1 

■'V 

1 

f 

1 

.  I 


f 


\,m 


.•^'" 


mmgafmmiii^aStlts^^Ammi^l^9^^^^ML^^ 


Vmu\  Sim  INilrc.  N   l.y  \V  *  \V  .  IvJinili'M,  I'illnr  rcint,  N.  i  W.,7  inili'r,.        (Momls. 


tSi '  •'•SilrASBPJKS^ 


•j.^',  ^-■T^fryi^yf'^^'"'' '"-"  ""•-•j^^!^^?!!?-,:^^^"  -=^-^V-.^-=..^ 


-1*  .^'"  ■  • 


Point  Sun  Pedro,  N.  by  W.,  10  miles.  Montar»  Point  P'og  sigHul. 


Pillar  Point,  N.  by  E.  iK.,4i  miles.     Half  Moon  Bay. 


SSt". 


Tp/^'"       •     ->^~.,.-*^., 


«-:-  ::^^r^7''^T^  ■   .  'V" 


■Sail  (II  Sti'i'ivlc  Kocli 


Pillar  I'oiiil.NN^V'., Smiles. 


Half  Moon  Hay. 


'<!    I 


»l 


m 


4 


'1      .1.1 


f 


^   1 

'i 

wk 


">SSf3f~H_  _. 


•'■'^^!^*-r.  »■  J.fh 


aiSlS23^^5i15S^3S«S>?>S 


:.v>-,. 


■r »prv^»» "• ..  '  •'*'rtm!m- 


Saii  I'l'drii  (,'(>v<>.     Miint»rii  Mniiiiliiiii,  l.Oln  iVfl. 

I'dirit  Sun  I'lilio.  K.  Iiv  S.  i  S..  .listaiil  llniilfi. 

AppriKiilii's  to  till'  (itill  ■■!    ':!>  )-ar:ill()iiiH.  t'ruin  tlii'  Suutlnvuid 


f^^l\ 


-'^>i!,„_^^.       .-^ 


■•^r^^^ 
"•3?*' 


1?,«04  frrt.  2,590  fi'ot. 

Mount  'riiuialiiais,  N.  liy  SV,  j  \V  ,  :il  niilif. 


San  I'l'dro  Hock. 
\rry  Miiinky  anil  lia/y  inHiili'      l'..i:it  San  Tnliu,  N.  ^  \V,    II  niili't. 


I. ami  nnMiT  tin-  nliori',  in  thuk  lia/.o. 


m'^-M^-trm^^_^^^mfmam^0!^Bm«m^g^iis,jm^ 


'^ji^v  ^i^ -,.,^^jj^.tj^jt^jiuj.i  1^  ,liJJ-^.  j  ,l*M.j. 


Point  li.'ycH  UiilKC,  .f,'  mi:,-H,  l.lW'.t  feet  ValL^y  lifliinil  Hallcruiv  Hay. 


m 


V        I 


III-  irrcuiil; 

(Ml,.  \.i  y  I'lilll    ll 

i,ii\  u --..•!  |i>si|i 

jlixl.lr    I  ill-   llWllti 

I'm    line  ut 
lliiM  I    I  till'  tiiit 

(,,  i-.i-      -I  t'niiii 

W  i;,    ;         III-  Sdlll 
I  :;.■  >licllC   il 
Willi    I    M'VV,  ll.ll 

fimii  <:  ;   licc;ills 

tli.'  «,i:rr.     Tin 
l(l^;  11, >   II  it  ill  1 


r   X 


Tlif  ;,'rt'at  il 
limili.  ihI  I'liiii 
«M  S|i,iiii>li  Mil 
islniiN  vvhicli  ii 
nr'iiiii.iiiis  iii't'  I 

Ji-lllllll    iM'tWCCII 

Till   rmiiiiit' 
JlH-l  .Hill  liKisI 
it  lij.-  I  'iiiilii.iliil 
Hi  !l  MiM.iiiiiMl  il 
Bii'ili'  rliliaiH'O  i 

jii;;  till-  licli  ii:;r 
Bla^ir  rilit'S  iljii 
hi  iiiiiki'  Il  I'liipi 
I;  1^  r-'|icci, 
tilt  .11  l~  III  ii.iv'i 
tiiM  lir.  Idllcn 
aih.i!i!.i.^i'.s.  I 
u lii'ii''.>riii'c  |ii 
c!>'''i  l!.u,  IMi'li 
ffii-ii'i  ilily  llliil 
fflilil  Illi'  ..^iMilliv 
till'  Hill'  tliii||s:M 
IIU:.'I  r.itlinlii  lili 
Oil  Miuiii|ili;:s. 
gtl-.  I'iic  I'. II 
N(i"lii|  i;,  JIiii'K, 
Olii'  i|u  II  :i'i'  Till 

Qui'!.  II  li.lti',   i: 
IH'ir;,         .1  I  In  II 


•5'-:      "1  lliii  MS 

tin 'I'.l    ,fl..|l  of  II 

lhi».|i,  .,;„1  (|„. 
Pfc-i-iiin  t!ii-\   I  :i 
iliii  lliiiu  him  ,1 

Hto'v  t;,.  r.iiii.v 

nor  i.r  ,,  ,,  I     c, 
PlUli..- 

■I  h.    .Il.l  llllt 
I'l  i:;i;  1i,,m 

8illK,:„.    .„„    ,;,, 

I%iiii.i'."  ,  ■\.- ., , 
<  IV -MI 


'ACIIIC  COAST   rii.oT. 


Kil 


Til'  irrc^iiliir  ili'|illis  fjivcn  l»\  llic  few  lines  of  soiiiiiliti^s  tlhil  ;ini  exlijliitnl  on  llic  cluirt  iiidi- 
,.,ii,  ..!,  liiiil  liiittoiii  iiiit  to  tliii'li'i'ii  I'ttlniins  III'  WMti'i'at  It'iis,,  iiiid  it  is  llirt'i'liirc^  iriipriitli'iil  I'm' 
iiii\  .  --4-1  lit  ii|i|irii:i<'li  till'  sill  lie  iKMrcr  IImii  one  mile;  >cl  nmsliii;,'  si  ca  huts  iirt'  ri'iioitt'il  |i:issiii;i 
iii>i.|i'  I  III-  liH'iitiDti  <>r  tlir  lirriikt'is. 

III.  liiii>  III"  twenty  riitliiiiiis  is  t'nuiiil  one  aiul  a  liall'  iniics  oil'  llie  shore,  lint  sirelelies  iip 
till  I  I  I  the  iiiiilille  of  tile  tiiill'  ol'  the  l''.ii'alliiiies.  'I'lie  thiriv  ralhoiii  <iir\e  is  rmir  miles  ilislaiil 
^,.  .1  iViiMi  llie  I'o^'Whistle,  ami  Ktrelehes  theiu'e  almost   on  a  slrai;;lit  coiirse  more  than  hall' 

V  I  le  SdiilheasI  r'aralloii. 

I  ;.■  ^lioie  iiiiineilialelv  south  of  the  I'o;;  whistle  has  a  low  liliilV  froin  twenty  to  sixty  I'eel  lii;,'li, 
Willi  I  i'lW,  llal  \  a  I  lev  Iteliinil  i  I,  so  th.it  \  essels  in  ha/\  nr  dark  weather  may  inistal<e  I  heir  i  list  a  nee 
fi.'ii:  :  lie<Miise  to  the  soiilli  ami  north  tiie  hiuli  liliiD's  ami  iiioiinlaiii  llanks  emne  mm)'  liojilly  to 
tli.  w  i;.  I.     The  steam  .slii|i  ('iihiniilo  stiiiek  Ihis  lei|;;e  Novein Iter  !l,  IStiS,  ami  the  ship  AikIki  was 

1(1^1  IIJ..II  it  ill  is;;}. 

THK   GULF   or   THK    KARALLONKS* 
(lENKRAL    UESCIMl'TKiN. 

Til  ■  ;:ieat  indentation  of  the  ('(last  of  (California  het  ween  I'oint  San  Pedro,  in  latitude  .'iT"'  .">•"»' 
tiniili.  I  111  I'oinI  Keyes,  in  latitude  ,'ts  '  Oil'  north,  has  been  very  a|itl\  ehaiaeteii/ed  liy  one  of  the 
oM  S'iminIi  navi;;ator-i  as  the  (iiiH'or  the  l''aralloiies.  'i'liix  designation  almost  deseiilies  the 
jiiliii'l  aIiicIi  mirk  its  western  limit.  The  coast  line  in  the  deepest  paitof  Hie  j;ii!l',  where  tli« 
Bi'iim; mis  are  iieiuly  a  tlioiisand  feet  liifih,  has  been  rn|itiired  where  the  (ioldeii  (i.iti^  {{ives  con- 
Bi'iiinii  I'ltween  the  I'acilic.  ()(H>ati  and  tlu^  Iia.vof  San  Franeiseo. 

I  I.  rmiimeii-e  of  the  world  enters  the  (lolden  (late,  and  tiic  Itayof  San  Fraiii'isco  alVoids  the 
Jiirv:  liij  iiiiisl  cominodioiis  harbor  on  the  I'aeilie  coast  of  I  hi'  I'niled  States.  I'loiii  ii  s  ili>cii\  cry 
it  I  -  I  iiiiiaiiiled  the  admiralimi  of  iiavij^alors,  and  since  the  wmideil'iil  liseut't  alil'mnia  has 
Hi  i; -i-;.iiiii'il  its  reputation.  lis  t:eo;,'rapliical  position ;  its  };reat  area  and  ilepiii  of  water;  its 
|iiIm  1  iiMaiice  and  bold  shores;  the  Sacramento  and  tin*  San  tloaipiiii  and  tiieir  ti  ibiitaries  drain- 
Jli-  'lir  mil  a.i;ricidliiral  valley  of  (California  and  tin*  anrifermis  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada;  the 
li:iji  iiiii's  upon  its  shores,  and  the  salubrity  (d"  its  climate — ill  these  cnnditions  have  cmispired 
t»i :    ikr  It  emphatically  the  I'oit  of  the  I'aeilie^ 

I;  i>  I'speci.illy  inijiortant  th.it  the  deseriplions  of  the  landfalls,  tln^  approaches,  the  daii;^ers, 
till  .iii|>  to  navigation,  the  weather,  currents,  eti'.,  should  be  j;iveii  as  fiill.\  and  as  cleaily  as  prac- 
tiiM  <l< .  hillerent  plans  of  procedure  aro  open  tor  ailoptimi.  Kach  lias  its  advaiita;;es  and  its  dis- 
»h  I  •  !  .IS.  iJieakiny;  tliroti;,'h  the  eontiiinoiis  di'scriptimi  of  each  succeeding  head  la  ml  and  bay, 
»i<ii'  !'       'ill'  piirsncd,  we  ;rive  the  titles  of  special    iiiallcrs  treated  in  cminectimi  with   S.ui   I'laii 

ci-  •  1.1.  It  ly  preiiiisiiif;  that   the  bottom  of  the  (lull  of  the  I'"aialloiics  is  a  ;;rc.it    jilaleaii  of 

rta  '  \  imiforin  tlcplh,  lii'\ei' exceed  in;;  fifty  fatlionis  of  water.  The  appioaciies  to  this  plaleail 
ftii;  I  ill   Mill  I  h  West  are  tpiile  Niiddeii  fioin  the  profound  tlepths  of  the  bed  ol'  the  I'acitic  Ocean  to 

til I  iiniisandd'athoin  line.     The  two  thousand  fathom  line  is  oiil\  lil'iy  miles,  and  the  onethoii- 

U:  I  :  r  iii>iii  liii)>  only  nineteen  miles  outside  the  one  linndred  fatlimn  line.  The  lead  is  a  sat'e  };nido 
Oil  '■':iim1iii;;s.  The  headlands  of  S.iii  I'edio  and  I'oint  Iteyes  are  bold  and  without  oiitlun;;  dan- 
gr:  liii-  I'arallmies  liaxi'  bold  water  around  llieiii,anil  are  free  ol' know  a  hidden  danj;ers  except 
Nii  I  I .  I.'iiik,  (itf  the  North  l''arallones;  Miirst  Itock,  olV  the  Southeast  i"  irallon,  and  a  li\  e  aiid- 
Oin  ;'  '  1  I  latliom  rock  oil'  the  .Middle  I'arallmi.  .Mount  Tamalpais,  to  the  northward  of  the 
Gil.  !'  ;i  1 1, 1 1 1',  is  a  line,  landfall  and  landmark  ;  and  the  mountains  south  of  the  (i  olden  (late  rcai'ii 
Wii  i.     M)  ihi.iisand  feet  at  Mmiiara. 

■  -  .if  «as  Hist  WTii  liy  C.ilii  illii  ami   rrni.iii  on  llh-ir  lii>l  ii'liii  ii  rrmii  1  In-  iinrllivM'.sl  «  ar.l  iii   l.ilJ.      '       .    lo 

'*y  '  ■■  '111-  NiMi'iiilli  (if  Niivi'iiiliir,  at  ila.vl>iriil\,  tlii'V  wimk  ii|m>ii  a  laii;ii  null',  wliicli  was  liniii.  il  liy  a  ■      ■..  ,■<-  ■•f 

""  '11  iif  111!'  hIiuii'  I  I'liiiit   lii-M".],  wlii.  Il  apiiiaiiil  l.>  liavi'  a  |>iiil   ami  a  river,  ami    IIh'V  wiiit.  liratiii:;  aliiuit 

"'■  I   •!  Ill"  iii^lit  ami  till'  l-'riilay  lullow  Iiil;  iiiilil  tln'V  saw  lli..|t  lliiii'  was  iiii  rivir  imr  any  slnllir :  ami  l^i  laUi' 

pOh  ...    t'l.  y  cast  amiiiir  In  furly-livi-  fallimiis.     'I'liry  tliil  ii.>l  il.u.'  I.i  laiiil,  iiii  (n-iniiiil  of  tin'  lii:;li  mi.      Tint  null' 

*''  '    .  mill'  ilr^ri'is  .mil  ninii',  ami  il  is  com. ml  willi  jiiiirs  In  llir  .sni.     Tliry  ^a^''  'I  <'"'  "aim'  ol'  I. a  I'.iliia  ili'  Ins 

""'  '   '•   l'"lli>«iii«  iii;;lil  tlu'y  lay  In  Mill  i  1  llii'   Iii'\l   il.i.\."     |  I'lie  cunt' rl  iuii   In   liis  latitiiilt'   is  aliiiut   mn'  ili'L'Iri'. 

*'  ■■    'I     (-'.ilinllo  Nay.s:  "'rin'y  arri\  nl  al  a  unal   giihlli.il    Icioktil  liUi- a  liailinr,  ami  lliry  r.illcil   ii    It.il.i  ili' 

S  ''''I  iml  '<i'i'  it  wlii-ii  ;;iiiiii;  iinrtli,  imr  wlirii  ^iniii:;  ainl  ii'liiniiiii;  im  llir  srrnml  \ii\ai;i'. 

'     '         .'.  |i"ii  till I'./ii.i  ^  1 1  ml  a  ),  ra  plain  nl'  Ilir  .\  ii<  rii  (litlirm.  inailc  a  la  ml  ■■\iinlil  inn  I'miii  Mniilrrry  Hay  tn 

J*"       '       ■'  •'   I'.i.v .  ami  I 'a  1 1  111  i  iia«ii  'JIT)  irlati'S  I  hat  llii  y  nlniin'il  '•  at   rial  ipii'  lialiiaiiins  ilrjailn  a  I  i  nrilliv  lU-  una 
•S'.;  .1  •.;^  .  ..|..  .|im  il.-sa;;ii.i  i.;i  l.i,  KiiMniailii  il  •  Im  l.'.irallnin's  i|im  .sii  llaiiin  Niii'>lra  Srfinra  ili'  la  .Mi-n  ril  " 
ITJll    !•   I' 11 


I' 


' 


r  I 


V: 


\'         H    l! 


I  a  .■  ?  ' 


1 

fl  il 


i'  %4 


iH,iP 


r: 


:1         it,   IM 

i    a-' 


i 


:     I 

!  I 


Iti-' 


1*A(  IIIC    COAM    ni.oT. 


mv 


The  I'.ir  of  Sun  I'raiicisi'ii  I'mv  lairics  a  ilfptli  nf  tliirls  t'oiir  to  tliirtv  lUo  fnl  nt  Iihn  «;i(,.r, 
mill  tliiDM^Ii  tlic  riiiricia  riiaiiiii'l  w  ili'|il  li  ol' inin'  r.itliniiis  ciin  li<>  iMiiiiM).  'I'lii'ir  Is  im  ImMi  n 
ilaiip't'  nil  tilt*  liar  or  its  iiiiiiifili.ili>  a|i|iri).ii'lii'>t,  or  on  iht'  ran;,*'  liiii-  tiiion;.'li  tin'  iMincia  CImiih,.!, 
and    llio   liottoill  tliroil;:llol|t  lll«  (llllt    is  ;:oiii|  Imliliii;,'  ;;|i>niiil. 

'I'lic  lii,^li  nioitiitains  oi  tlii't'ast  ;<iil<'  of  Sun  l''iaiii'i>iro  r>a,\  ami  tlir  i>lanils  In  tlii>  l>.i\  aM.ii,{ 
capilal  ran.u'i'H  tor  t'lili'iin:,'.  Mount  Mi.ililo,  Mount  llclrn.i,  ainl  i'.liirk  .Mountain  aDoiillon^  ,,i>i| 
t'xi't'llt'iit  r.in;,'t's  in  t;ooi|  wrallnr. 

'I'lii' li;:lit  lioiiscs,  st(>aiii  fo;;  wliistlt's,  anil  lnio\s  allonl  aiiiplr  aid  lo  nav  i;.'al  imi.  I'iImiIi,,!', 
I'niist- to  till' limits  we  liMVc  iloiLtnati'd  as  t  In' <inir  ul'  tin'    l"aialloiii>.     Slraintn; 


air  .i\  all 


to  assi 


St  \  I'ssrls  I'lilcriii;'  or  li'.n  iiiu',  in  oi  li  n.ii  \   I  lallic  or   in  cini'r^irnrit 


All  till'  inl'orniatioii  {'oiicrrnin;;  tli<'  a|i|iroai'lii-s  to  the   I'-.iv  of  San  I'lanrisco  is  ai  iaii;;ril  in  iln' 
fullow  in;;  onli'r  lor  t'onvriiii'i..    irfririirr  : 

(I)    iitniiiil  l><  s<i  ijiliini,  ^\t\sl  ;;i\rn. 

(-)   /'(■(•/)  Sid  Siiiiinliiiiit  i\[l'  llir  dill/  o/  tlif  FiiruHoiiix,  |ia;;rH  KiL',  Id.'t. 

(.'!)    r.iliitiiiith  Sh'iiil  ill  Hir  I'liiitii;  off  thr  ri>n\t  <>/'  ('iilil'unilii,  pa^ji's  1(1.5,  Kil. 

(I)    \'iliil<i  Sliiiiil,  otf  till'  Hull'  of'  tliv  I'linilliiiiis,  pap;i'  l<i"». 

(o)  Ciinhll  /."((/lA,  «>/;■  I'oiiil  liijiis,  pay:i's  |(i").  Hi  I. 

(0)   LuikI/iiIIx  fill-  till-  <iiil/  ()/'  ///(■  /■'(/•11//../0  V.  pa;;i's  liii!  to  IC.S. 

(7)  Ikliiihil  d-Kcriiition  <i/  islini'ls,  ihih.i,  iiiuI  the  kIuhis  a/  tin-  (lull'  nl'  Hi'  I'liiiillnni  •<,  (.n  ';,■/ 
iiiif  llir  Hiihli  n  (iiilr  ilivl  isliiiuls,  riiil,\,  tiiul  slmiils,  iiiils  to  iliiriiiiitinii,  <ti ,,  in  .Viii  A/i/n 
ciscii  Hill/,  pa;;i'S  lli'.l  to  l!l(l. 

(S)    l)(iiiii<  IS  ill  llir  iiiijirniK  hi  s  to  Son  i'liincisii)  Hiir.* 

(!•)  Siin  I'niniisiui  I'ntr  iinil  till   Chitnniln. 
(1(1)    H'liiiM  llir  lliv  inlriiiiir  to  S  III   /Vinic/.vco  /•'((//. 

(11)   til  III  ml  Stiiliiiij  Uirvit 'ions  I'm-  iiiijiinHiliinii  ami  inliiimj  Sun  Frnniisro  I'mij, 
(!'_')   Siiilinii  lUrriiions  irlicn  iiiitiimi  J'loin  tlir  noiilliirniil. 
(I.'!)  Soiliiiii  hiiirtiiins  tvlii  a  voininii  J'loin  tlir  insliroril. 
(II)  Siiilini)  IHnrtiitns  icln  n  comiiiij  from  tlir  northiristirnnl. 
(I.">)    Appfoiirliinii  till    llor  in  liturii  soiitliinst  inullnr. 

(l(i)   (li'ntrdl  itiiirlioni  /or  rissils  apjirooihinij  Sun  I'runri.sio  in  tliiik  inotlnr. 
(IT)   Anrlinriiiii  on  till   llor. 
(\^)    I.Kiri'iij  ilii   lliirhiir  1/  Son  rritmisco. 
(I'.')    rill'   Villi  s  III    Son   I'riiiirisiii. 

('-'(I)    Tlir  < 'urn  Ills  1/  tlir  (iol'Icii  liiitr  anil  iiiifirmirlirs. 
(■_'l)    J>oUj  Ti  iiip'  rotnri    0/  tlir    irotirin    tin     (loliiin  (loli    in    tlir  month  0/  •lunnorij  /n-  .  W, /i 

iiniri  lit  7  ".  )/(. 
('2'J)   Monllili/   ii  nijii  r.ttiiri    1/  tlir   iiir   mnl    iriitrr    in    thi     Hulilin  tlotr/ir   trniiuirs,    |sVI  '^  1. 
(LM)    Tlir  Wimlson  tin-  I'milir  roust. 
(UM)    Thr  Foils  on  thi    Fori/ir  must. 
(lio)    Thr  Siii-soiis. 

(!.''i)    lliiiiimih  ir  iniliroli'ois  1/  inollirr. 
('.'")    'I'l  iiijii  rotiirr  lit'  thr  nir  oml  irotir  iilonij  thr  Srnhonril. 


(•JS)    IhMiifi'iiiii  1/  l.iiiht  h 


iin\i  V  ((/(' 


/  nth' 


V  oiils  III  iiiirioo 


lii'ii   on  llir  iiiliiinl  initirsiil  >"'' 


I'm  II 


llyn    i .111/  It n 

</>.,.)•(  ni  "I'  Sill 


i/  its  suliil 


Uliilirisiun^.  ir 


itii   til  III  ml  Siiiliitii  hiniti 


I 


II  Ironiisi 


■  oil. 


/>((/.-  >■(  il  Siiiliiiliiiiis  III/  till'  dull'  III'  till  I'orillliiiirs. — 'In  1  s7.!  tin-  I',  S.  ^l^^^ll(■^  I'nsi  ori-,ii  i.ili 
(M'\  rial  Inns  ol  .s(inndii;';>  oil'  till'  i-im^I  oI  ('.iIiIoim.i  ,iii<I  <  >ii  ;:iiii,  mmioii;;  w  liirli  uih  t  hi' >  \'"~ 
dilfi'tly  oil'  tlirtlnll'or  lilt  I'aialloni's  ;  mii'  oil  I'mul  Ivryi'^,  paur  Id.; ;  ainl  aiiolliii  oil  I'lHiil  '  ii  i*'  I. 
pa;,'!'  I'l'''. 

"  I  111  I  111-  Jia^i-n  111  llii>  iiml  fiin  iri'iliii^  lii'uiliij^i  hit-  I  Mill's. 


'I'lir  liiii'  ni: 


On  till-  u'dtli 

«li|i'  Ilii'  mil'  liilir 

^'  Mi    W.)  t'rinii 


I'ACIHK!    COAST    I'll.nT, 
riiii'X|M'riiii('iitul  liiii'  rmi  in  Au;,'iisf,  IST't.  is  as  rollow-*, 


168 


Mili-a  rriiiii 

S<Mirlirf|«t 

K.tr.tll"M 
l,n:ht 

I,iillliiili>. 

3 

nupih 

(ralhiMim). 

S 

I'i 

37    30 

123    Ul 

Ul 

IS 

37    2H 

123    05 

M3 

18 

37    2H 

123     13 

B.10 

sa 

37    ■-•7 

123    21 

1,015 

28 

37    2» 

123    20 

1,  lUft 

.12 

37    27 

123    33 

l,3«l 

50 

37    21 

123     5.'i 

I.IMO 

'rfiti|ii 

r.itiiri-. 

(•]> 

iiniilir  iif 
iiitliiin. 

Siirriuii<. 

Ilult4ini. 

6-..0 

lUlHt  Itlllll. 

.*>!)  0 

Do 

.'.on 

37.0 

50.  3 

3«.  5 

Del 

SU.  1 

30.0 

Dii 

.•|»  0 

35.0 

Dm 

50  0 

i><l. 

riir  1 1  UK  riia  NovtMiilHT  5  uml  (!,  IST.'J  : 


I 


i'iii|irr.itin<-. 


Si?  '-"""'"■  '■ «"• •',.:&,.! 

\AHUt.  I  !    SlIlt'.K-tV        IliiMiMM 


CharacK-r  of  butUnn. 


.......  Itrt'wii  iirul  ^irciii.sli  nit/.i>, 

34.  rt  U'liilitli  I  lti>  uml  uu/v. 

Miowii  uo/.»v 

•  ••....  (tiiiy  Hiuiil. 


*  Tlicnt  in  ptntni<  hli^ht  i-i  roe  uf  {lotitioii  or  nf  lUptli  in  itiirt  Nuunilin^. 

Oil  tin'  i,M»tIi  ami  -1st  of  Dt'ct'inluT,  IH7.5,  th*^    stt'anuT  laii  amtlluT  line  nuiiiiu'iiciii^  just  out- 
^ilf  ihi- (iiir  liuutlrtMl  tUtlioru  lino   about  iiinetiH'U  aixl  a  half  niilt's  north  ri;:lity-six  4h*;;ivcs  went 
^'  stl    W.)  iVoui  l*i^'*MMi  I'oiut,  as  follows  : 


MUi-n  frnm 

Siiiillii'Uilt 
I'.ir.ill.Mi 

Latin 

i\,: 

I.mmil 

l.i^hl. 

o 

, 

a 

2:i» 

37 

20 

122 

•-'*» 

:i7 

IH 

122 

27 

37 

15 

122 

20 

37 

12 

123 

41) 

37 

07 

123 

7.'. 

M 

4H 

I2( 

78 

30 

37 

123 

ih1i< 


Dopth 

iCutlitniiH). 

TvlUIH 
SlllflU  !•. 

rutnro. 

* 

nuttoiii. 

Cliiirju  ft-r  o 

I"  luittotn. 

113 

0 
.'hI.  1 

0 

<ir»vi'«h-l)hu'k  imiiiI 

181 

35*f 

.'..•..0 
.15  1 

Ikt. 
Do. 

:tif.  H 

673 

.W.  2 

llitnl,  lihu'k  rtiiiiil. 

1,  2110 

.VI.  2 

. 

<)ii>>irth  liliii'k  muimI 

iiml  lino  j:ruvfl. 

2,105 

M.9 



(irroDinti  nmil. 

2.101 

:.:t.  8 

:i:[.  I 

Do. 

Thoi-  siniii(liiij;s  imlicatt!  tliat  tlu>  oiiotliDiisiiiiill'atlioiii  line  and  tiic  lU'op  platiMii  of  Hio 
I'ai'ilii' ,iic  a  little  lartlu>r  (»t!"  sliurn  than  alura.st  tlu'  iSiiTia  Santa  lania.  Wt.v  ciiridiiNlv,  tlio 
I'l'l'siiuiiilia;;  of  two  thousand  oiui  liniidri'd  ami  sixty  live  fatlioins  is  only  six  miles  iioillieast  of 
"ii'Mii  the  assif^iied  position  .  of  the  Nitiila  Siioal ;  and  the  deeji  soniidinj; of  tw  o  tlinnsiind  one 
iiiiiiihi'i!  ami  four  Jnthoins,  thirteen  miles  IVoni  the  lastineiitioned  sounding;,  is  onl.v  tliree  inile.s 
'I'ini  iiiiiiiliiT  assifjned  position.  This  last  soiiiidiiifi  is  the  outer  <Hie  of  the  line  from  Point  Car- 
3icl;ihv,iilv  referred  to. 

I'lihiiifiitli  .Shoal  ill  the  I'acijU;  of  the  eotmt  of  Cnliforiiia. — Seven  liiindred  iind  fifteen  miles 
«wlwiiiilly  fnmi  the  Ooldeii  (iate,  in  about  latitude  .iT  ^  J.V  and  lon^ntude  1.57 '.!<•',  daii^ierous 
siiiikcii  nil  k.s  havelieen  .tt  various  times  n>portetl  as  havinjj  liut  tlirei-  to  ti\i'  fathoms  upon  them. 
iiMnivi, , us  editions  ()f  the  ("oast  Pilot  we  fjave  such  information  as  we  had  ;;atheied,  and  after 
"''t'liiiiii- |M)sitions  from  .se.iMi  or  ei-jht  ditl'erent  sources  we  dircc^ted  a  survey  of  the  locality 
nil' n.|.iiii,.il  positions,  very  curiously,  onl.y  ranf,'e  seven  miniiles  of  arc  in  lonj;itiidc  and  sineii- 
'""I  iniiiiit.s  in  hititiulu,  and  iue'hero  ;jiveii  lest  such  ilaiiRcrs  may  actually  exist : 


I 


M 


'4 


V 


i.\ 


'  n. 


1  ,  i!., 

■''■ '  i 


'^  m 


i   m 


til 


■f 


164 


I'Ai'U'ic  luAsr  rii.or. 


?! 

■  i 


i! 


A-K 

K'll.- 

Liilltiiiliv 

0 

t 

;i7 

Ji 

•Jl 

;i7 

;i.". 

:i7 

> 

:i7 

:iii 

:i7 

!.■< 

37 

•J  I 



__ 

Kt'iiuukt). 


l:i7    :i'.' 


i.i: 
i:!T 


.u 
28 


l.-.'tl'.  Itti;;  f'l'iNiH,  rii)ilillh  K^M'ii.  (*iiw  two  ro*  K*, 
olii' It'liiilrt'i)  Mini  hl'ty  riilliiiiii!*  Ity  (*li!>  !*i\  , 

onr  ) Iri-it   r.tthoti..'  ti>    tliiitv  fitllil  .   tliri'i' 

rtuil   llvr    r.tllliim*  «'f  w.lIiT   tin  tllrtli.  Ir>*I>«i( 
IVfl.V, 

I8,"il.  W  S  Kiiit'i'  "f  WO''  A'i''"i"'iW. 

IS.'xl.  nhaliT  .Vim.Ti  .Um  ;cii7.  (\i|it.nii  II.  iltii'M. 
.Inn-  (i,  hm.mI  olwiTVrttiinif*.  IliMK-^witli  trli 
ffrt,  jDil  l.tnj;  rib*  of  Ui-lp  irniwiim  »Mi  thi'li): 

liiuti'  loi'U.  Iill>  li.\ Iiiiihlici   mill   l'K'l> 

f.-.I 

Sliip  /iK/fii^t'/T,  ;im'(itir»  .1  ii|tiiii  n  mIhihI  in  rtvi» 
filllHinii*  iiimI  ti|M-ri.'tl  llirci  i-nrkd  ntiovo 
W:tl.-r  in  foitll  til'  ;»  tl.llii;!*'- 

liiirK  i;,,„hh,rir. 

Iiiini>  iiliarl.  I8li;i,  Hv,.  i,,  ^,-\,n  r.itlioin. . 

Ailiiilnilly  limit.   ':4'tl.   .or:<'.  i,il    (i>    Mai.li. 

1IW5.  +    lu-.il   Ii.il  Vh,    I.    tlir.r  l.lllli.llIK 


SoliooiuT  Ilaniuth,  I'i><Mot,  reports  ^icttiii;;  casts  m  tlirfc.  ti\i',  ami  six  tadioms  ;  ami  i.;..i;- 
foiir  or  livi'  saddU-  nu'ks  ciitirt'ly  subiiifrjicd. 

One  (.qiiaiii  rt'iiiirts  si'i'iii'i  ImtKiiii  distiin'tly  wlicii   niiniiu;:   ton   knots,  and  iVoiii  tin      i; 
wattT  lu'lii'Vi's  tilt'  slio.il  I'Xtoii  Is  ten  liy  t'orty  miles. 

Ollior  commainii'is  ri'|iiirt  j."-itiiij;  into  shallow  water  tliereahoiit.s. 

("oiiei  riiiii_' these  |tiisitii>iis    iinl  reports  we  make  tiie  I'llj.iwiii;;   remarks:  The  po>iiiiiii  n:  ili. 

Admir.ilty  eiiart  is  doiililless  the  mean  of  Kmmn  and   ralmnHth  positions,     lledlield  lepm;-^ 

J),  ni.  iil'scr\aiioiis.  repealed  at  ilie  tune  ot'  tliseovcr.N .  and  had  noon  oltserv  alions  ior  l.i;  i  iii- 
Cin/i/z/i'i/'/c  position  was  oliiaini'd  liy  V .  .S.  sloop  of  w.ir  Ktwisnnjc  at  llonolnlii,  lint  t  ipii 
Urooks,  i)t'  tile  Ciiti'iriilfi  ,  wrote  to  us  that  lie  never  heard  of  this  i"|>ort.  Cpon  applii.i;  n,  ' 
the  Navy  Di'p.irtineiii  lor  an  examiiiatiini  of  the  loj;  of  thi>  Fiihnoiitli,  it  was  reporteil  not  I  i  U,-  i 
the  ari'hives.  The  li.irks  W'luil  ('lntr,  in  ls,"iS.  und  l.irr  Ymihrc.  in  isti.i,  report  to  Ii,i\.'  iuiium 
this  position  without  seeiiiji  anythiiijr. 

Till'  r.  S.  sloop  otw.ir  Kttusdnj,  esainiiied  this  j^roiind  li,\  makini;  three  or  four  /i^; /.i;;-i  hvi  ; 
it  in  Septeinlier,  JSTd.  in  heaulitiilly  clear  weather,  with  a  moderately  larjre  swell  that  slimil  i 
have  exhiliited  .in>  orlinary  Incik, 

In    1"<71    the    I".  .''^.  Cnast   and  (ieodetie  Survey   schooner    M<nri/  especially    examiinil   sIm 
locality   frmii  .lnl>    -A  to  Aiiirn^t   .">.  ninler  la\oralile   circnnistanccs  of  wind   and   wciilni.  .m 
with  a  swell  lar;,'e  I'liiiiiuli  'ii  c.iiiNi'  lircikcis  in   three  tallimns,  and  at  tunes ',f!\\  lica\>.     iMiiiii- 
that  time  the  ili.-~l.in<e  run  w.;is  mii'  thoiis.md  and  hfly  miles,  of  «  hicli  se\  en  linndied  aiul  si  \riii 
idles  were  iii.ide  in   il.i\lii;li!.  when   hicakeis  nr   any  diMoloicd  »v.itei    should    h.ne  liifii  Msiii 
within  at  Icisi  mie  mile,     .^   i'in>t.int   lookoiii  was   niaiiit. lined   tVoin   the  mast  he, id,  Im!  tin  liir.i 
wa.s  seen  nor  aii\  indications  ut  shoal  water,  siieli  as  ;;iills,  .-.cals,  lish,  m  kelp.     'I'lic  w.iiei  '>.i>  in 
formlN   ol'  a  deep  lilile,  and  >-ipnilillll;,'s  were   lliadi'  .it   \.irioUs    pla -es  at  depth-,    from    thiee   jiHliilli 
to  eighteen  hnndied  and  titty  fillioms  with  no  hotlom.     The  son  ml  i  lies  were  m.nlc  vmiIi   i  spei  :.ll^ 
line  line  chosen  tor  the  p'lrpi'-'-  ,iiid   lie.ivil>  wci^ihted.     Tie  tr.iek  ch.irt   shows  lio\»  ( ,ii.liill>  ll  • 
vicinity  was  ex.iiniiicd  and  hmi  the  vessel  was  run  o\er  the  sappo.<ed  daii;;eriiiis   loc.dilv  diliiii- 
the  ni^'ht. 

In  All:;!!--!.  1  Ssl ,  the   I ',  ."^.  stiMmer   /I'/i/e/cc  m.ide  an  exiiaiislive   ex.iminaiion  ol   ;i 
liy  dee|i  ^e,i  soiiiiil:::.^.     Wilhiii  the  area  lioiinded  liy  the  p.ir.iMels  ol'  .17  '  f'."il'  and  'u 
nieiidians  I.;7     in   .nid  l.'!7  '  in',  I'ailu.icin^'  an  .iiea  ol  mvch  hnndied  .iiid  lifl.\  Mpiaie 

I'al  miles,  twenty  nine  deep-sea   Soiliiilili;,'s  Were   otit, lined,  .IM'l.i^in;;  two  thitus.ind    ei_i 
iUiil  ninety  nine  f.iilioiiis,  and  lan^liii;,' onl\  Iroin  t  wo  llioiis.ind  se\eii   hnndicil  .iml   >e»  • 
three    tliousand    and    ninety  se\i'n    f.ithoins.     The    liottom    w.is  lilne    .innl    and   Mue  •  i 

appri/.iejie.s  ti»  this  loe.ilily  Were  marked  liy  eipiall.\   piolonnd  depths. 

This  examination  eontirnis  the  |iid;;inent  we  expressed  from  tin'  previous  in\esti:;.r  '' ' 

no  (liin;;er.s  exist  in  the  siiace  assi^^ncd  to  them. 


I'ACIKIC    COAST    ril.OT. 


IG". 


Siil'sctiucnt  to  tliis  spociiil  oxainiiiatioii,  linos  of  doppsfa  sountliiips  liavu  boon  mad*'  across  tlic 
I'.iiiiii  (ircaii  Iroin  various  luHiits  on  tiic  I'afiTK^  <'oast.  In  tlif  .issi^incd  position  of  tlu>  U«'C(l 
i;iiik>oi  laiinoutli  Shoal  tlu>  latost  soundings  {^ive  nt'arl.v  iiiiitoiin  di'iitlis  of  twcnt.vnini'  liundn'd 
uilidiiis  ii\('r  a  hottoiM  of  lirown  oo/.c. 

fill'  reported  scciiij;  of  tlic  Ki'cd  Hocks  in  latitude  .'{7'  .'{^'  nortli,  lo-.f^iliide  l.'tT^  .'>!'  west,  by 
ijicsliip  Uritinh  Ymtnini  (ISSS)  depends  npoii  very  unsatisfaetoiy  evidence. 

I  ,iiil(i  SliiHil,  off  llir  (lulf  of  thf  Farollon'.-n. — In  January,  ISIt.S,  tlie  ship  Vilnln,  r.eaisley,  re- 
11  Mini  ■hscoverinjr  a  shoal  nearly  ei;;hty  miles  south-south  west  (^'SW.)  from  the  Sonthcasl  l'"aral- 
1,111,  ii.iv  iim  but  live  to  seven  fathoms  of  water  niioii  it.  its  yeotrraphical  posiiinn,  as  j;iveii  in  the 
S.iimcil  Mafiazine,  is: 

I.iititiiilc :ili       I'l    noitli. 

I,.)ni;itiiili' I--' I       1"    "rsl. 

SiilwcipuMitly  many  accounts  ivcre  jiublishet'.  of  reported  rocks,  discolored  water,  and  sound- 
iii;.'s.  ,'>i>Mic  we  found  to  be  j;i'oss  e\a;;;;('rations ;  but  upon  die  I'.  S.  revenue  cultci'  Wiiiiinhi 
iriioitiiiL:  haviULT  olitaiiu'd,  in  fStHi,  several  .stuindiiins  of  sixty  and  sixty  lie  tathoms  in  this  vicin- 
ii\  ,i!iil  towards  the  Southeast  Tarallon,  her  trat-k  was  laid  down  upon  a  projected  sheet,  and  in  tlni 
wniiiM  of  I,SiiS  o  ,  r  sev  Ml  hundred  mdes  of  sonudiiiKs  wt  re  elost'ly  run  over  the  repoited  line  of 
siMiiiiliUi;"!,  with  oui'  hui.'lred  (O  ei^;ht  hundretl  la'honis  without  bottom,  in  the  dilVeiciit  exaiui- 
imMhh^  "Inch  have  been  made  over  this  locality,  an  aica  of  ei;^liteen  handled  sipiaie  miles  has 
Iniii  >r,uclied  lor  this  daii:,'er  without  a  shadow  of  siu'ce.ss,  and  we  were  sati>licd  tliat  no  such 
.l.iii;:ci  1  xisfed  :  but  all  doubts  may  be  considered  removed,  for  ii!  ISTI  the  I".  S.  sioop  of  war 
iiiM  II  On 'I.  wlii'U  soundiiiji;  oil  !lie  I'acilic  coast  ot  the  I'nited  St  alts,  and  across  the  ocean  to  ,la)ian, 
>li.i\vi'ii  Ih.it  the  one  tlionsaiid  l.ilhom  curve  lies  only  thirty  tni'es  olf  the  main  line  of  the  coast, 
.iinl  tin'  i"o  thoMsaiidlalliom  curve  from  si.  ty  to  seventy  miles  oH'. 

I'. II !  of  her  wtnk  was  '■lose  to  the  reported  positions  of  the  \itula  Shoal.  Six  miles  north  ast 
M!.  .■!  tlie  location  ;  .si^jned  by  Caiilain  llearsley  of  the  Vitiiln  the  soundiiii;'  is  two  thousand 
(Mil' Imiiilird  and  sixlv-l'^''  fathoms  over  ;:reen  mud;  and  three  miles  «'astsoutlieast  (IISM.)  fnuu 
aiinllM  1  ,iN>i;;iied  position  the  depth  is  two  tliot;.-':iii<l  one  liumired  and  four  fat lioms  over  j;reen 
iiiiiil.  M  hi  way  between  two  of  I  he  reported  positions  lU.it  were  only  live  miles  apart,  ( 'omnia  iiiler 
Kilu'ii,  r.  S.  Navy,  in  Novciiilier,  IS71,  found  a  depth  tif  two  tlioiisand  and  forty  one  falhoiiis  over 
.1  iHitS'iii  of  lilue  iiinil. 

I'll.-  lliilish  ship  I'.iUtcru  >  iijht  reported  the  shoal  to  be  in  '.atitude  .'!7^  ItiA',  loiifiitinb'  iL'P  .'{.">'; 
I'll!  ,1  spciial  cxaniiuation  l>,\  Ihe  Co.ist  ainl  (b'odetic  Sur\e>  in  May,  lft7l,  loiiinl  no  bottom  at  one 
Ilii'ii>,ni(l  latlioiiis  within  one  mile  of  that  position,  whilst  nuineious  souiidiiiirs  o|  two  hiii^dred 
.i;iii  Mill- iiiiiiilr''d  fathoms,  without  any  liottom,  indicated  .he  noii  existence  of  the  dan;;er  wheie 
;i-|"irtcil.  It  is  curious  that  iii  the  locaiion  of  tlaii;:eroiis  reef  in  the  approaches  to  San  I'laiicisco 
ilii-  ii'l"iit<  i|  loni::tudes  raii<,'e  thioii^l,  t  wciily  li\  c  miles  and  the  latitudes  I  hrouj;h  toitx  miles. 
l;i  lilt- 1  In,- of  I  he  i'.iislivn  /.l(;/l^  elsewhi're  ipnited,  the  lo^  sa.s  that  '•  oliser\  ations  for  lonj;itiide 
'*iii' unili  11  next  niornin;:  near  the  I'aralloiies;  chronometer  apparently  correct  ;"  but  the  fact  was 
:iii'  '-11(11  was  not  correct. 

Til.-  \^>'i  of  the  llnsterii  IJijIit  shows  that  on  the  .'Id  March,  ISS.S.  she  had  liuht  bree/es  and 
ii.iiilii.nc  sea  with  white-caps;  and  that  she  saw  the  supposed  shoal  at  six  p.  m.,  when  it  was  too 
l.irk  til  notice  the  color  of  the  water;  but  the  spray  broke  over  the  deck.  She  was  afraid  to 
iiUiiii  t,i  ihc  spot  on  account  of  its  dad  appear.)  nee.  In  conferent'c  with  the  Captain,  it  was  I'lUind 
ili.ii  iIk-  ...rieeied  position  he  assi;;ns  to  it  is  lalituile;{7  '  17  ,"  nortli,  and  loutJitinle  1;.'4-^  l.'(iV  west, 
"I  tlcvi-!i  iiules  from  the  pulilished  p<isition  above. 


u  f'Mn 


m 


h 


:i  i 


g  \r 


Tin:  i'iii;i>i-,i.i.  HANK. 


ill  -  i>  one  of  the  liiree  known  siibiiiarine  banks  oil  the  coast  of  ("alil'oi  iiia  and  ()ie;^oii ;  oi-  il 
tii..>  lie  I  i.ii.sidered  the  iHMthwest  j'xiension  of  Ihe  plateau  of  Ihe  (miII  oI  the  I'arallones.  lor  Ihe 
r.i.iii^i- ,,i  ,l,.plli  liftweeii  them  is  ctuiipaiatively  trilling, 

b  ■''  liroad  t)n' Ihe  coast  line,  in  the  lalitiide  ot'  I'liint  Ke\es,  .uid  on  the  proloniratiou  of  the 
iiui' tliiuM-li  the  Southeast  and  North  l''aialloiies.  A  del,iiled  examination  has  not  bei-n  made  of 
''ii' I.Miilny,  hilt  its  p'tieral  featuri's  are  sunicieiitly  known.  Within  the  thirty-latlioin  line,  the 
'•tiikisiiliont  twii  miles  lou):  northwest  and  southeast  neaily,  ami  iirej^'iilaily  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 
bii- iiiul.r,.  ,,|'  ih,.  hank  lies  south  se\i'iil\  li\e  de/rees  west  (S.  7."''  W.)  froiii  I'oiiil  IJeyes  i,iy;hl, 
•I1-1.111I  ;u;i.  i,.|  n  mill's  ;  and  north  sixl,\  four  derive.-  west  (  N.  (it  '  \V.)  trom  the  Southeast  Karallon 


16fi 


rAriFIC    COAST    IMI.OT. 


i 


Liplit.  (listiint  twoiity-sovon  milos.  It  is  evitliMitly  on  tlio  oilgo  of  tlio  coast  pliitciiii,  jnsf  l)cfi.i,.  if 
8lo|H's  DlVsmliU'iilv  to  tlii^  ;,Mt'at  depths  of  tlio  rarilic  ;  and  on  tlic  inside,  towards  Point  i;i\is, 
tilt'  deptli  ^radnali.v  iiicroasos  to  sixty  six  fatiioins  over  line  fjray  sand  midway  iM'twecii  tlitin  ( in 
tlif  sdiitliwi'stein  side  of  the  bank  tlie  depth  inereasos  to  one  hnndred  fatlioms  in  two  inili  -  iml 
to  two  hundred  fatlionis  in  less  than  a  mile  nioiv. 

A  eurved  iid;|e  of  about  (iffy  tivc  to  liftysoven  fatlionis  stretches  sonlheastwardiy  tow  |.,|s 
the  Noonday   IJoek  and  tiie   Karallones,  as  if  this  wlude  line  of  islets,  locks,  and  tianks  ui 


ic  :i 


partly  suUmerijed  rid-je  parallel  with  the  ^reat  haeklioiie  of  the  Peninsula  of  San  I'rancisco,  the 
ridp'  from  Hallciias  to  Tomales.  etc. 

The  least  water  ^iven  on  the  bank  is  twenty  tive  fathoms  in  two  or  more  places,  witii  uxky 
bottom  and  live  barnacles.  Outside  the  thirty  I'athoiii  line  the  bottom  is  jjiveii  as  coais">  unl, 
iu'oken  shells,  and  live  barnacles.  Itiit  we  have  beer  assured  that  a  vessel  driftin^j  over  ii  m  ;i 
dead  calm  found  a  di'idh  of  nineteen  fathoms,  and  the  Icail  bidiij;lil  up  red,  slimy  nialcriai  imla 
mass  of  coarse,  red  coral. 

Over  the  bank  the  fieneral  set  of  the  current  is  to  the  soiilhward,  and  from  oii(>  to  one  am!  .1 
half  miles  per  hour,  whilst  a  decitlcd  clianne  in  tlu'  character  of  the  sv.»'ll  is  experieiict  d.  In  tin 
search  for  the  bank,  IStJS,  attention  was  tirst  drawn  to  the  localit\  of  the  shoal  by  numlicis  oi  mi!. 
scalioiis,  ami  marine  birds  which  are  reported  to  resort  there,  lint  these  special  sifjiis  of  aiiiiii;il 
life  were  wantinj:  in  October.  IH,"»;{,  and  at  the  time  when  Hip  vessel  found  nineteen  fat lioiiis.  as 
well  as  at  the  examination  in  1S7;{. 

When  on  the  bank  in  clear  weather  the  prini^ipal  landfalls  of  the  coast  line  are  distinctly  viv 
ible;  Hoss  Mountain  to  the  northward.  Mount  Helena,  I'oiiit  IJeycs,  Mount  Tamalpais,  ami,  Inm: 
aloft,  the  Southeast  Farallon.  Five  miles  south  southeast  (SSIv)  of  the  tail  of  the  bank  t'"'  l.i;;lii 
house  on  the  Sonthcast  Farallon  is  just  visilile  from  a  vessel's  det'k. 

Wo  came  uiioii  this  bank  at  nijiht,  in  October,  IS.');},  and  found  thirty  fathoms  with  a  (lid.lni 
ehaiifre  in  the  character  of  the  swell.  The  latitude  was  determined  by  observatiiui,  but  no  In'.;;!- 
tmle  observations  were  obtaineil.  Attention  was  called  to  the  facts  in  the  first  edition  of  1  lie  Cda.-t 
Pilot.  In  l.StiS  several  attempts  were  imwh'  to  tind  the  bank,  but  bad  weather  alwa.\s  jiitiiMiinl. 
and  even  at  the  last  search,  when  it  was  found,  the  weather  became  very  bad  after  the  »oik  «.i« 
coiiimeiiced.  Diiriii},'  the  examination  in  IS7.'{  only  a  tew  hours  were  available  for  xNoik  iliiiini;  a 
period  of  two  weeks. 

The  Cordell  IJank  is  a  tine  lishiny;  locality.  The  red  ami  the  black  rock  cod,  halibut,  etc,  aiv 
found  there  in  fjieat  niiiiiiiers,  and  are  caii^rht  by  the  ordinary  hook  and-liiie  lishiiiy;.  .\  (iiiiiiiain 
was  organized  in  ISSt  to  lish  on  Oonlell  hank  by  anchorint;  small  schooners  on  it  and  liiMii^a 
steam  tender  to  brill;:  the  tish  to  San  Franci.sco.  'J'rawlin;;,  01  anchoriii};  loii>,' lines  w  iih  Imii.iI 
liooks  attached,  was  attempted,  but  the  se  lis  anil  sea-lions  destroyed  the  lish  belbre  tlie\  .iiiiM  'h 
hauled  in.  Owin;;  to  niis!iian;'„'eiiieiit,  no*  to  the  lack  of  lish,  the  eonipany  failed  to  111, ikr  ;I  jiii'lii 
able.    There  was  in  l.SS,"(  n  small  steamer  en^a^icd  in  tishiii;;  on    he  bank. 

licpitrtcil  Sliiift!  in  tin'  (iiilf  of  the  Fitrdlliinm. — The  British  shiji  Ih-iinilunriii  repoiii  •!  thai  ii: 


the  ISth  of  November,  ISSS,  a  depth  of  thirty  live  fatlionis  of  water  over  rocky  botloiii 


thirty  ti\e  miles  southwest  from  the  Southeast    l''aiallo!i.     The  v 


essel  was  in  a 


th 


.   liillMll 

ilnl  liu 


reliable  Ju<l;;iiieiit  could  be  formed  of  her  position.  In  the  |iositioii  rep  irted  there  is  a  <lr{>t!i  nt 
about  fifteen  hundred  fathoms.  Tlu'  vessel  was  close  under  the  Southeast  Farallon,  or  cIom  iimld 
the  mail)  shore. 

LANDKALl..'^   I'OK   Till"   (il'I.l'   ul'   TIIK   KAU AM.ONK.S. 


ill  clear  weather  Mie  hif^h  mountains  aloii;:  the  seaboard  north  and  south  of  San  I  ianii<'". 
and  the  lii;;lier  mountains  some  distance  inland  in  the  piralh'l  ran;;es.  are  clearly  disiiii^iii>li.ili!i 
at  sea  at  distances  even  ^'leater  than  lif;y  miles ;  and  the  li;,'lits  on  the  ,Soiithi-ast  I'.itill.  n  ai  J 
roiiit  Heyes  Head  are  distin^iuishable  at  twenty  live  and  twenty  four  miles  respectively ,  •>  in'  1 
vessel  has  iiiaiiy  ad\aiilay;es  in  ;{ood  weather  in  niakin;;  «'a.sily  ieco;,'ni/cd  landtalls  whrli  mhi 
to  check  liri  |iii>itioii  and  control  her  <'oiirse.  The  more  prominent  of  ihese  lanilniaiK>  an' >iiii 
ineiat«'d  with  their  ;,a'o;,'raphical  positions,  elevation,  distance  at  which  visible  from  a  ,sliiii'>  li"  "• 
and  characteristic  appearance. 

Tlir  Soiilliiiint  luinillon  fiitil  Ijifilit-hoimr. — A  pyramidal  islet  of  granite  with  li"'il.  n"''* 
ajiproaches,  in  latitude .'(7  '  H'  .")l".t  norlli,  loii;;itiide  ll,*  t '  IHI'  (I7".(»  west,  elevation  llin  IiiiimIihI 
und  sixty  feet.    The  li}{lit  is  visible  from  a  ship's  deck  t  weiityllve  to  twenty-seven  miles.  Ihhn  w'^'" 


i 


I'oinl  Ki-vi'M  l.iglit-liouHc, 

si;,  l.y   Km  •'!  MlTlCH. 


■I.    I 


I,  1  ». 


mn 


(■  i 


\ 


if'. 


II 


1 

I'liiiil  III  vt'H  K'iilt 


•'•<  Li^lil  Ihmisc.  SK   ii  r.  ,  17  mill' 


■  in^ar^jr-^p^  ^ 


>    V»-  v-'>'r--.'-<>^?>«^----*'>- 


1L1£-j3^L<^  '-Mf^ 


^^0a-^^ 


.....-< '■■^■■^'!^' 


--M»^  ■■-^-mfeJBfal™""  ■"«-»;' 


>!(iiiiil  'r'Hiiiilpais, •,',('"'  f'''''.  '■'■•  i  ^- -"''  "iii<'»- 


'2»-'->-  ■ 


^  ;-r-    -  ii^J^H  ,^ 


,lFffl»w?'s^. 


MiiMlit   ■rilt|i'i'|>lli'<.  ''.Ijll-l   f''i''     '11  1  IiiikU.  il.'lj   MlllrH 

I'lMiil  lii  vi'n  K'nlf'.  I.^i'iii  I'i'it, '.'(1  iiiiiP-., 


Hcail,  597  feet.       I'Diiit  Kf  jph  Liglit-lioiise, 
SE.  by  E.,  6|  miles. 


Low  InntI  iiortb  of  Point  Reyes. 


Point  Keyea  bead  Rti  an  i>i|iinil. 

Piiiiit  r<i\eH  I,iKlit-hi>ii>.o,  SK.  »  K.,  17  iiiili' 


Hi 


m 


U\ 


^"Li:       I!'   i 


m\  ! 


% 


i! 


«  e 


\' 

■  A%\ 

J 

i 

.  \ 

^           :>.■  ' 

Ml 

M 

\' 

'  1 

.>^\^ 


^^<^,^-f  i^:h:';^^ .,.;;.:   ^. ,  ^^..^ 


X>:- 


Rohr.  M')miUin,  'i,'M>  fret,  NK.  In  K.  i  K..  l.'i  miiUh;  .-oiwitliiin  iti  lifur 


lit  Anna  l.iglillimiM,  N.  by  \V.  i  \V    -  iiiiliw. 


Ml  till'  liirk  utrj  111  liHzo  :iiiil  .<iiiiiki\ 


""kifta*; 


f^= 


IT' 


<iMHi>i^^^> 


'4- 


f  t 


111  mil'-  iiiilfM 
Ih  !'>,t  Mil'  III 

1  illi         I''m1    I 

hint  /,•' 

lllllrl  .    MI'VCM 
-iMlduM'St    It 

Mill  '\  in;;  ci 

II.  ,|<I   >||II\VS 
l|i>lll    (III'  SIIII1 

ii'i'ii  null's  nil 
iliiiv  !■  I  he  SI- 

ilii.l.lnl   (jl'Sl- 
/,-..vv   .1/,,/ 

ii;  1 ;  .7,  aihi 

Inilli.j    ti>|l|l|'|| 
\rl>    iil>lilll'|I 

l!  IS  vi>il 
I.l;;lil  lioilsi',  1 
uaiil  111  tilt'  ^■ 

U-iiiiit  II, 
lilir  III  i.llJtilil 
lllllllllrll  ailll 

null'-  iiiil.sliji- 

^honit  in 

■'-    l>    .'.  Ion; 

iM't,  mill  is  \  I 

iiillcs.       Il   SJIII 

;i!iil.  » lii'ii  SCI 

"in-  111    till'    \  II 
\loll,lt     1,1 

lii|i;;ilinli'  IJJ 

tllllll    .1    >lli|l's    I 

milshli'  of  I'l 

Hi.'  \M'>ICI|||||| 

I"''-     Tlir  iiiiiii 
I'HMII.Ist   with 

'•IIIIIIIICI-   SI'II.M) 

Mi'iitara 
I'iMk  Ml  rlusrl 

■i\<\:i:us  as  a 

rill'  lii;;lii's;    |i 
li'>s  Illilll   I  V\ll 
"f  l«i'lil\   till-,. 
^■•iit  liniii, 

'iill''  111    liltillll 

I'-i't  .mil  IS  visi 
l"ii  .ri.l  fli-\|.|| 

/.'''■■    I'll  {His 
'I'llli    crlLiiii    I 

'■III  ihi|  iiiaki'  t 

^■ll<'ll.   -I-M.ss  ,.|| 

"I  wiurli  "  Th 
:illil  lllirl\  ri-li 
'■l^i'ii  il.l>.  ll   II, 


II 


"An  ,1 

•   M.  Ml 

I  N'aiii 


I'ACIKH!    COAST    ril.oT. 


Hi 


til  II 


inilt's  iHirtliwiinl  oJ  Point  IJcycs,  iiixl  wlu-n  :i  vi'hscI  is  aliroiiNl  of  Mniitiini  Point.  It  is  Just, 
lirliio  till'  liiiii/iiii  iMi  Mil'  ('oniril  It.uili,  iiiiil  Just  \  jsildo  t'niMi  a  vcssri's  tlt'ci;  wlitMi  in  tin*  (Solilt'n 
(liilc.     I'm  ilt'lailcil  (Icsciiptidn  sec  |>a;;fs  !!•!», 'JiMt. 

I  ■■ml  lujirs  Uniil,  in  latilnili-  M  •  .">!»'  ;{S",  lon^itndo  iL'.t '  <H'  -M",  elevation  (ive  linndrcd  anil 
iiiiiti\  si'ven  I'ei't.  It  is  visiiile  IVoin  ii  ship's  tlcck  at  a  liislanrc  ot  tiiiit.vlwo  miles.  From  the 
siiiitlivvest  It  is  piojeeteil  a;;ain  t  the  Point  Keyes  liiiJKe,  lonileen  linmlieil  and  ei;:ht.v  (eet  lii;:h, 
iiiil  '.\\\\ii  einht  miles  to  the  northeast  of  it.  The  inteivenmy;  laml  is  so  low  thai  Point  Ke.ves 
||,.i<l  allows  as  an  island  fnnn  the  southeast  and  nortiiwesi  ;  in  ha/.\  weather  it  is  seen  as  an  islaml 
iKUn  the  sonthwest  also,  as  the  hi;;h  laml  liehind  is  linlden.  in  eleai  ueatlier  il  ean  be  seen  seveii- 
ti'iii  miles  ontside  ihe  North  l''aTallom's  and  foniteen  miles  he.vond  the  Soiilheiist  I'aiallon.     I'oiiit 


,ilpii\i 


l,i;;lit  is  on  the  pitrh  of  the  western  extH'iiiil.\  of  the  head,  two  hiiiidicd  ami  iiiiietv  six  leet 
the  sea,  and  ean  he  seen  at  a  distam'e  of  Iwenty-foui'   miles   iVoni  a  vessel's  deck.     l'"or 
ilil.iiliil  ileseription  of  tin-  !,ij;ht  see  pa^es  I'.itl,  lltT. 

/,',..«  ]li)iiiit<iin  lies  three  miles  in  from  the  eoast  line  in  latitude  'S  .id'  It'  .1.  loiif,'itmIe  I'J.P 
III  I  ;  .7,  and  has  an  elovation  of  twenty-one  hnndfetl  and  ninety ci^^ht  fei't.  It  shows  a  small, 
iiiiiinl  tupped  summit  maiketl  liy  two  or  three  tree  top.s  on  its  side  of  nearly  the  same  elevation, 
\ii\  ili>tiiietly  seen  in  clear  weather  from  the  vieinit.\'  of  the  Cordell  ISaiik. 


1;  IS  visilile  tiftvst^vt  II  iniles  at  sea  t'lom  a  xessi'l's  di 


ir  sixteen  miles  lievoml  Point  .Vreiui 


l.i;;lii  hoiise,  li  fly  three  imlv's  ontside  of  Point  Ueyes  I,ij;lithoiise,  and  seven  miles  to  the  sonth- 
Hiiiil  III  the  Southeast  I''arallon. 

Mmiii/  III  linii  — This  massive,  Itroad  topped  mountain  lies  m'arly  thirty  miles  in  from  the  coast- 
line  III  latitude  -ts  '  III'  Hi',  lon;;ilnde  I'-':.'  '  .'is  01",  and  attains  an  eleval  ion  of  four  tlionsaml  lliiee 
liiiiiilii  il  and  forly-lliree  feet.  It  can  lie  seen  from  a  ship's  deck  seventy-nine  miles,  or  seventeen 
iiilli'N  iiiitsiilc  the  .Southeast  l''ai'allon.     The  view  ;;ives  a  fiir  idea  of  its  appiMiance. 

\hniiit  IHtthlit*  lies  thirty  miles  to  the  easl-northeasl  w.ird  of  the  tlolileii  (late,  in  latitude  .iT^ 
."i:  !■<  .7.  loii;;itude  1-P  .">r  .">l".'.'.  It  attains  an  elevation  of  thirty  elt;lii  Imiidrcd  and  forty  eijjht 
lilt.  , mil  is  visilile  fidiii  a  ship's  deck  seventy  ti\e  miles,  or  eifjlilci'ii  iniles  outside  the  north  Fatal- 
Iniio,  It  shows  as  a  pyramidal  peak  over  the('ontra  Costa  moiintains  east  of  .^aii  I'raiici.sco  Pay, 
,i;iil.  wlieii  seen  lietwceii  the  Middle  and  the  North  I'aralloiies,  the  (iohU'ii  (late  is  in  line  with  it. 
iliii  III  the  views  shows  Mount  Mialdo  in  raii<'e  with  Point   Lolios. 


1/. 


mil 


I'limulpnis^  or  TdUlf  Mnunlniii,  the  western  peak  of  which  is  in  latitude 


LMC'.OO 


liiii;;itiiile  IL'I,'-' .!.">'  l,-»". SI!,  at  tains  an  elevat  ion  of  twenty  six  hntidied  and  lom  leet  and  is  visilile 
lnHii  .1  ship's  deck  sixty  two  miles,  or  thirty-live  miles  oiilsiile  Ihe  north  Paiiilloiies,  and  torty  miles 
iMilMili  111  Point  Iteyes  Head.  I'rom  the  .south  and  southwest  it  shows  lliree  siiinmils.  of  which 
till'  wcsii'i  iiinost  is  sli;;lilly  the  hi;;liest,  the  niiiidle  one  the  lowest,  and  the  easteriiiiiost  the  sharp- 
ist.  'I'lic  iiioiiiitain  is  covered  with  linshes  and  scrub  trees,  which  ;;i\e  it  a  dark  appearance  in 
ii'iili,i>l  uilh  the  ;,'rass coxeied  slopes  of  the  surroiiiidin;^  hills,  more  csjiccially  noticeable  in  the 
■  iiiiiiiiii  season  when  Ihe  latter  assume  a  li^:lit  led  tint. 

Mtiiitiini  Mininliiin  is  in  latitude,  .">7  .i,!' .Is".,"!  liiii;;ilude  IL'D^  L'S' ."iP'.S.  This  is  a  sn;;ar-loaf 
pi.ik  -.11  cliisely  surrounded  by  other  peaks  of  nearly  the  same  elevation  that  from  seaward  it 
i|<|ii-.iis  as  a  rather  bniad  topped  mountain  having'  three  small  peaks  and  eipi.il  sIopiii<;  sides. 
llir  lii^rliest  peak  rises  to  an  elcTation  of  nineteen  hiindied  and  Ibiiy  teet  alimc  the  sea.  It  is 
li'ssiliaii  two  miles  back  from  the  coast,  and  it  should  be  visible  tVo'n  a  ship's  deck  tifly-tive  iniles, 
iir  l«i-iii\  three  miles  beyond  the  North    Paralloiics  and  eifiliteen  miles  outsiiie  of  Point  Keyes. 

>  1/1  i.nuiii  Mountain. — The  western  end  of  this  Ion;,'  rid;;e  is  ei;;lit  iniles  (SIO.)  of  the  (ioldeii 
'lati'  111  lalitinle  ;!7  '  1 1'.  I.  Ion;;  i  Hide  ll-'L'^  liti'.l.  It  has  an  eleva  ijoii  oi  tliirteeii  hit  ml  red  and  tifteon 
till  .iiiij  IS  visible  from  a  ship's  deck  forty  live  miles,  or  ei;;lit<cn  miles  beyond  the  SontheiLst  l'"ara!- 
lull  .riij  ilc\cii  miles  beyond  Point   Ueyes. 

I.iii  /'(i/)((,v  f  or  Till  J'lifis. — This  term,  desii;:iiatin;;  two  monnlain  tops  sliowin;;-  sn;riresti\<  ly 
liiiiii  nil. nil  parts  ot'  the  city  of  San  I'rancisco.  is  apt  to  be  iiiisleadiii;;  to  Ihe  iia\i;;aloi  wlio 
'iiMiui  make  ilii-m  out  distiiuMly  from  seaward.  Tliis  is  because  tlie\  are  jiait  of  a  mass  of  ele- 
^iiliil.  :;niss  euveied  hills,  locally  known  a.s  the  ••  Mission  Hills."  Of  this  mass  four  small  ji'iiks 
"I  \\i.irli"Thc  Paps"  are  two)  have  an  elevation  oi  nine  linndrcd  and  twenty  to  nine  liandred 
"ill  lluit\  ei;.'lit  feet;  but  when  it  is  seen  from  certain  directions  ontside  the  heads  of  San  l''ran- 
liMii  r,  ly.  it  has  really  the  ap|ie. trance  of  a  moder.ilely   lii;;li   l.ible  land   with   thette  insi;,^nilican(; 

All  iilil  S|i;iiii<.|i  rh^ii'l  >  :iIIh  ll.in  tlir  .Sinia  ili-  San  .liiaii  llniili.sni. 


'  Miaiiiiin  |l 


^    I'll'  inlilll  1  \ 


till'  TaiiiiilH,  iiii  liiili.'iii  Irilir  iImI   iiilialiiti'il  iln'  iinil  liri  ii  piiniisiila. 


:  Naiiiiil  li\   llri'rhi'N    111   |s,'(l;   I,  niuMi  as  Lus  IVrliiiN  ilc  la  (linrii  liy   llu' S|iaiiiaiilM. 


n 


•sJ 


IWf 


1*^ 


1(;,^  I'Aciric  ct>Asr  I'li.oT. 

luMks  iMiMkitin  if" '•iitlitu'.     Tlu' Pup>«  lio  smith  thirty  <m  ;.'lif  dcKrcos  onst  (H.  .'IS'    i;.)   thin 
thiic  i|ii.irl(is  iiiih'.s  iVdiii  Fort    I'ltiiit,  in  Lititinh-  *7  '   l"i'.(»,  h)ii;iitmh'  l:.'J" '_'ii'.,s."i.     nnc  |iiil,  •  , 
this  iihiiiiit, nil  III. iss,  riMi'hiii;;  Diiir  hiiiiilifil   uiiil   l»fiit.\    h'l't  ch'v  iitmii,  lirs  thii'c  lilihs  ii|  ;i      . 
iiiMtiiwcsl  lit'  thfiii  :  :iiiil  ,iiii)thiM'  poiik  ol    iiint>   hiiiiilii'il  iiiiil  thii tv.t'i^ht  li-ct  hts  iiiiic  truths  <<i 
mile  situtli  lialt  west  ,S.  \  W.i  Iroiii  llicm.      This  luttcr  |n';ik  is  thi*  iin>>i  jsdl.itcil. 

Tiicv  lilt'  Msilih'  Irniii  .1  ship's  ih'ik   thirty  iiiiif  iiiih's,  m  ihiiliTii  inih's  mitMilc  llii-  Sdinli, 
ruralhiii.  i'iy;lil  iiiih'>  hiiiskIc  the  North  KiiraMoiH-s,  iintl  t'i^'ht  inih-s  oiitMih'  To:. it  I.'c.m's  IIi.iI 

Till'  Tiiiiiiiliiiiis  I'lninsuUt  of  Situ  /■Vin.r  (vcci  liaij, — 'I'lic  liii;h  I, mil  iioiiinMv-.|  ut' I  hr  (lulihn  (    , 
rcacht's  iiiin'  hiiiiilicil   ,iiiil  t\M>iit>    Icct  tlcxatioii  just   north  ot    I'oiiil    hi.ilihi,  iiinl  .iNn  nm     i 
tlirft'i|iiiirtrrs  niiii's  northwest  (NW.i  iVoin  I'oint   UoiH't.i.     This  hind  is  visjhh-  fruiii  a  shi|r>  .; 
lit  thirty  •■inc  iiiih'S,  or  t  wi'lxr  iiiih's  hcyniul  the  North  I''.iralhiiii'-i,  aiiil  tciiirli'Cii  iiiiU's  Ih'mhhI  T 
lIcM's.      Till' cirst  hill' of  this  pi'iiiiisiila  is  Moiinl  'rainalpais. 

il  thi-  Tain  ilpais  I'riiinsiila  imlicali'^  the  l>i'  i 

I'raurisni. 

isco,  in  lalitiich' .i?  ^  i'.i  .(•.  loii;,'itiiih'  I'Ji:    ii^   'n 

\  ioilih'  troiii  a  ^hip">  ih'ik  al  a  i|i.>taiicr  I'l  - 

ir    anil    iiiiirtccii    liiih's  smith  of  l'i;;('oii    I''      ' 

'  Spaniavils. 

t   ot'  till-  ^reat    mass  of  the   pi'iiiiisnlii   ni    ^i 

Il'l     .••0'  III  .11.      It    is  Ihiitx  sfMii  hiiiiilivd   ,   , 


ship's  iliM'k  at  si'xrnt.v  torn    imlcs,  m  |iiii\ 
ill's  smith  ol  rmiit   I'llios  la;;ht.      rhi'>ii 


iiiin 


I...VC  thf  "fi 


iicral  i-it'st  11 


iiort'icrn  shoii'  of  Montcirv  I'.ay  to  I'oini  Aih 
ami  the  oii'ali.  is  raih'il  thr  Sii  rra  Siiiihi  (  ,'i: 
oil'. in  ami  S.in  I''iani'i.srii  liay  ami  Saiil.i  i  k. 
'"'f(\.  Till'  rh.iiii  is  ill  t'ai'l  .i  roiii  innaMnii  ui  iln 
iioiijih  liy  till'  i'aj.iro  Itixci.  whuii  cmpiH'^  isii' 

il  the  (iiilf  of  the  I'aralloiiis,  a  \i'ry  imlin  il'!' 
ii.Mila    ot  San    l''ianriMii  smith   nt'  I'lHiil   I  ■■  o 
h  in  tow.mls  ami  roM'im^  tlie  tout   ni   tin    M 
he  w  liite,  saml\    rlilN  si  icliliiiii:  tnw  .iiiN  !• 


th  till'  iXVvM  wliiti' clitl'M'ast  ot  l>i:iKi">  I'. n   in.i 
III'  loi'ality.      These   aie  the  elllls   «  li;i  h  li' ■   .ImI 

'I    pm  tioli  of  the  lami,  liiit    then   llie  sllliilniN  "t 

t     raiiial|i.iis  to  the  iimlii,  ami  Mmitaia    M t 

III    llill>  siitiwin;;  as  iiiie  ni.iss  |m  tjir  s,.iii!  '\  ,hl 

t    l-.mllliai  ks  III  ileleimii  e  a   vessel's  pii.slll"li  hv 

qiii'iitlx  exis^wheii  ihe   l''aiailom'>  siiii»  <'!i.ii'. 

the  a|ipriiai'liiiij^    sea  liree/.e  will  Iniiiu  i'     ""I 

shiilt  time, 

in;;  ami  aiitiimii,  u  hen  the  w  iiuN  are  m'i.v  I'^lit 

smoke  (roiii  the  city  of  San  l-'ramiMo  «ill  mimm'- 

the  lieacli  .•^(iiith  of  I'oint  l.olios,  ami 'iii^eni'  Un- 

ir  may  not  lie  aide  to  make  mit  tin    lli  iiN.   ni'l 

»r  liy  lieaiiii^is  on    Tamalp.ii^.  Mmil.ii.i.  "i  lin' 

swept  away  to  leew  .nil. 


Ml 


iUutaiuou  lljo  l.ial.  (J'l.i.nl  .Siiiv.-v  i  li.irl  nl  si 


•M 


lit 


I'  '   'P 


f 


I 


V 


tf 


<}> 


M 


»^i ».  '" 


■m 


m 


s 


1  M 


l«lll 

■'ll 

11 

;  H 

1^: 


i-if^  -«,"--'■  ■y^^j'-'N*^. » 


Point  San  TtMirn.  V.  liy  W  .f.  uhImj*. 


r      •»« 


..'A 


'•,,        ■■ 


Moiitnii)  rciiipl  K<'H  wliJHlli>,  'J  iiiil.'K 


Point  San  IVUrn,  SK  i  E.,  4  milt;«. 


"-^j,'.yj'S4!'tWS^^-.;4-llA»2S?f?sr;r.a?s?.' 


ilmitarn  I'mi'.iI  l-'i.i{whiHtli\  SK.  ny  S.,  "  ihUhh, 


^^'5?.«i«iMfe-«^.. 


^V-- 

^...^^. 


'^Slpg 


j/.TjjiajT-  ■ 


pDiiit  Sun  l'iMlr.i.sK.,r,iiu.'«H       H-.»/.\,  iiihI  liig'  ■  l"ii.l  ..ii  iiili  l.^i-n. 


IM  •:  \ILF.D  DES 

INKS,    tN( 

::/\VIGATIO 

I'l'illl  SiVI  I 
liir  -..lltllCilst  I''l 
W.ll.lv  I'llWll   111 

[],•■:.  'Iiis  point, 
I'm.  .,  •,  tliirtyci, 
Mioi,.!i;iiiis  conii 
^ll(>ll•.  The  alu 
I'l'ilii'. 

I:i  tlii'oc  mi 
I'l.iii'  inns  lo  I'l 
ilii'iM'  liitliiini  III 
-liiiir  iivcr  lianl 

I'liint  San  1 
lioii:  iiavinj;  n  1 
iii.nk  !i>i'  niakin 
iiiiMii  lact'  of  til 
■'III'  i|ii:iri«'r  of  i' 
ti'i't  ii.ill  a  mile 
iii,n-li.\  ;:i'onn(l 

A  liiplelu'i 
ail  t'l'xalion  of 
liiiii  pLiinly.     S 

ll  is  I'l'lllirctt'il 

W  lu'ii  I'oin 
;liii'l>  wfatlicr. 
ifiiil}   sintjli'  p 
;.i«;iiii-i  lilt'  son 

slliilr  luii'  two  11 

imiiii  1^  .iiiproac 

\\iv  l"vv  hliilf  til' 
\   'll'plll  of 

iiiilr  iinl>i(li'.  i 
I'i'ilio  \iillcy,  a 
ill.'  'nrlv.  Well 
■  UN  liiivc  iisim: 
A  riirk  lies  jnsi 
I'll-  ;ri'0;,'ra 
lii'oilriir  Siirvc; 

i.alitii 
l."t,«il 
III,   III 

I  hr  I'lllou  1 
I'lilli!  .Sill   i'cijr 
•■•■iul 

S'llltlll 
WIliNl 
I'.'llll 

M.'I'.IIM    M: 

Al   l''iint  S 

[IViiH  .M.'iiiara. 

ill  i-.iily  Sp 

|«tilll/.M  '111, "1111111 

iPimit,  ;iiiil  iJoHc: 


:| 


PACIFIC   COAST    I'll.dT. 


1C9 


PI        U.KD  DESCRIPTION  OK  ISLANDS,  CAPES,  AND  SHORES  OF  THE  GULF  OF  THE  FARAL- 
■NHS,    INCLUDING   THE  GOLDEN   GATE    AND   ISLANDS,   ROCKS,  AND  SHOALS,  AIDS  TO 
:;AVIGATI0N,  ETC.,  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO  UAY. 

,'■/'«/  Sail  /'((/»•(>. —.'riic  tirst  Iiuitll'all  iiiiiilc  dirct^ll.v  l)v  vo.sscls  cniniii}?  upon  llii'  cou.st  soiitli  of 
ill.-  iitliciist  I'liralldii  is  the  proiniru'iit  iiioiiiiIuIm  lid;,'!'  strclL-liiti};  as  a  j;rcat  backltom^  ssoiitlieast- 
Aii.l  \  down  flic  |i('iiiiiHiila  ol  San  l''ian<'is('(>  IVoiii  Toiiit  San  rcilio.  It  rises  ;jra<lually  in  lit-ifjlit 
■ii'ii,  tills  point,  with  a  s]i>;lit  (loprt'ssion  abreast  of  Half  Moon  IJay,  lor  tbity  Miilcs  to  Mount 
1,1.     ■■  tliiity cif,')!!.  hnndrcil  t'ei't  IiIkIi.  l.vinj,'  north  of  Monterey  Itay.     It  is  a  hohl,  compact  line  of 

1,1 Miiis  (;oniinj;c  sipiarely  down  on  tlio  coastline.olV  which  lie  no  known  dani^eis  oin'  mile  from 

The  abrupt  and  precipitous  northern  termination  of  this  mountain  raii;,'e  is  I'oint   San 


iiiiv\.ition  ot  nearly  one  liiindreil  leet.  Its  south  lace  is  while  and  shows  the  line  ot  stratitiea- 
■i.iii  pl.iiiily.  Seen  IVoiii  the  west,  tlie  di|i  of  the  strata  is  alioiit  sixty  dejireis  to  the  iinrthwaid. 
i'  !■- 1  niiiiected  with  the  m.iinhiMd  by  some  low  rocks.     This  i>  known  as  the  San  I'eiiro  Kock. 

\\  lien  I'oint  Sail  I'edro  bears  southeast,  live  miles  distant,  with  the  rocks  otf  it  hidden  by 
lurk  weather,  and  the  to|)  of  the  iid;,'e  covered  with  Ibj;,  it  may  be  readil;  kiiitun  by  an  appa- 
■'ii!\  >int;le  pyramidal  hill  risiiifr  abruptly  and  breaking;  ;lie  i;-eneial  .-lope  of  the  mountain 
iwiiiis  the  southwest.  This  is  the  hill,  three  hninlred  and  foit,\  feel  hiuli,  lyiii;^  on  the  immediate 
-hull' line  two  miles  westwardly  from  the  summit  ol  .Mimlaia  .Mountain.  As  the  foL;s  lifts,  or  the 
|iiii;ii  !•* approached,  the  rock  will  Ix;  seen  inside.  (U-  a|>|iarently  to  the  eastward  of  this  hill;  and 
'ir  l'>vv  blulf  towards  I'oint  Mimtara  will  show  (Uitside  of  it. 

\  lii'plh  of  si.\  fathoms  is  loiiiid  close  to  Sail  I'edro  i;i>i'i».  and  tvvelve  f.itlioms  one  third  of  a 
1  lir  ipiii>.ide,  l!uV  to  the  noi  tlieast«ard,  in  the  small  l)i;;lit  rornied  ai  the  low  opening;  of  the  San 
I'nliii  valley,  a  depth  of  eiy:ht  fallioiiis  is  found  hall  a  mile  olV  slioii-  ami  t!>e  san.e  distance  from 
!ir  '.M  k.  Well  into  this  small  bay  live  ami  a  half  tathomsof  water  is  cai  i  ieO,  and  s<piiietimes  the 
■  iK  have  used  it  as  an  ancliora;;e  in  southerly  weather,  altlnuij^h  reported  to  have  tbiil  f;round. 
A  rnik  lies  jii.st  ol)  the  point  al  the  lioith  of  this  aiiehora;,'e. 

flif  ;:eoy:rapliical  position  of  the  rock  olf  Point  S.iii   I'edro,  is  dclermiiied  by  the  ("oast  and 
Iri'd.lrlir  Survey,  is  : 

l.alituilii :!T     :!.".■.",'     II. Hill. 

l.iiiiKitnilo I'jj    :ii   -y,    ui'st. 

I  ir.  III  tiiii'.' -I    III'  e.'i'.T 

I  1.  hillowinj.^  beariu;;s  and  lUstanci's  arc  tjivcii  to  prominent  objects  seen  from  the  rock   olV 
l''iiii:  ."s.iii  I'ediM  : 

''••i.il   .Miiiiliiiil  l'.i>;  wlii.slli' S,  'Jl  K.,  (lisliiiil  ;!*  liiili'.-i. 

s.Mitlii'iUil  I'liralloii  Lij-lit .S.  s-  \V.,  iIihIiuiI  -Jl*  inilis. 

WliiKlliiij;  Ililii)  (ill' .San  I'laiiil.'Mii  Miir  ill  lilti'i'ii  r.illiiiiiis N  :>]  \V,  ili-taiil  Mi  iiiilrs. 

r.iiiil    lliilirlii  Lljflit-liiiilHr N  I-  \\  ,.  .li-l.nil  |:;i  mil."-, 

'!  Mi'.i  .Moiiiilain  lieshotith  thirty  de^'iees  east  (S.  .'ill  K.)  three  miles  Ironi  I'oinl  San  I'edro. 
,  \i  I'liiit  San  I'edro  the  nearest  aid  to  iiavif^atioii  is  the  lbj;-\\  liistle  already  dcscrihcd  at 
|r"uii  M.iiitara. 

I  bi  c.iilv  Spani.sli  charts  this  point  was  called  I'unta  de  .\nmenas.  In  l7(I!»l>oii  Mi;;iiel  Con- 
|lt;iii/.M  .li'icrniined  the  l.ititiide  of  I'dint  San  I'edro  b\  beaiiii','s  and  estim.itcd  dist.ince  trnin  I'lll.ir 
iPimit.  ami  dcHcrilu'd  it  an  "the  land  near  the  harbor  of  San  Francisco,  havinj,'  the  I'.irallones  on 


hI 


1    .  I'J!''. 


'» * 


.,  1'  I '. 


It 


"  I 


rAciric  COAST  rii.oT. 

tlio  west  qunrforiiifj  iiortli  |liifitu(I»']  ;J7^  ;$.V."    In  ,Tiiiu>,  1770,  Don  Salvailor  Fitlaljjo  calls  ii   i,, 
I'nnta  dc  Alint'Jas,  in  latitude  'M^  ,'{3/^ 

Tiiis  point  is  nit'ntioiuMl.  hut  not  naini'd,  by  Admiral  .lost'  Cahrcra  llut'iio  (Joiizait's,  i7:'il,  ,1^ 
lyinj;  I'omtt't'n  !i'a;;nt's  soutlu-ast  one  qiiaitiT  soiitli  tVoui  Point  Ki'vcs;  and  iictori' ifarliiiiu  11  \\  ,■ 
land  is  of  niodcralc  hci^jiit,  broken.  Itari'  of  tiailtcr  near  llie  sea.  wilii  clilVs,  etc.,  I'vidcntlv  icfci  1  .u- 
to  till' foniparativfly  low  shores  norlli  of  Point  San  Pedro. 

On  old  ICn^ilisii  eliarts  it  is  naineil  Cape  IJlane;  on  llie  first  \'.  S.  Coast  Survey  eliarts  it  w  1, 
'ailed  Point  San  Piedras. 

•  line  for  eleven  and  a  half  miles  from  I'nini  S.ni 

It  a  mile  to  the  eastwaid  in  a  lon,u  ciiim',  mihI  i> 

I  lid  till'  roeky  spurs  ot'  inters  I'liiiijj  nd;iis.  «  Ii  |  .1 

en  liiiilV  reaeliiiii;  an  e!i'\  ation  of  seven  hiiii<lir<| 

;is   '•  Wliile  ClltV"  by   lie.  Iic.\        At    ei^lil   iiihI  ;, 

eeases,  anil  a  Ion;;  broad  sand  licaeli,  baekcd  liv 

land,  be;:ins  at  the  debniiehili;;  of  the  I.a;;iiii,i  ilr 

an  Slile  House  "  lies  directly  on  the  beacli  ;il.,   ,1 

southern  limit  of  the  San  l^aneiseo  liar.     Ti.> 

ai'ii  Point  Iiobos,  and  is  a  ^^ood  mark.  e^pi'ii.iiU 

a   elufiter  of  lar;;('  hoiisrs  near  (lie  beaili  :ii   Hi- 

of  Point    I.iibos;  ami    half  a  mile  s.inlh\v;nil  >>| 

Life-Savin;;  slaiion. 

sand  dunes  rise  the  yrassy  siimmils  of  the  Icnii 
••  I, one  Monnlaiii."  four  liiimlird  and  si\i\  li-ln 
t  the  soiilhern  and  eastern  part  of  the  (Iuik^  iix' 
leet,  and  the  Mission  1 1  ills  to  nine  hiiiiilreil  iiiil 
ilden  (iate  P.irk  is  beiii;;  uradiially  covered  wiiii 
'cnliai  asiiect  of  this  waste. 

SAN   1-RANCISCO. 

Itil!i:s. — CK.NKltAI,    Dl'.SCUII'I'IiiN. 


ly.  ami  presents  the  ehaiaiter  of  a  ^,'ieat  tli  II  m 
eby  connect iii^,'  the  ba>  of  S.iu  I'laiicisco  aim  ii> 
it    ill   ;;ood    weather  it  is 


'icillt  I'l  imaL'ilii'  tiial 


.ph 


and   so    Well    delilled    tin'    Colill.l    ('i'>la 


he  entrance  is  Point  Pioiiela,  a  Iji;:Ii.  blarix.  iim  „\ 
lid  colilinnolls  lli.ull  rockv  shore  to  the  nMitliue>l 
oiindiii;,'  cape  with  black,  rii;;;;ei|  clitVs  al  it^li.i^r 


its  western  faec  and  three  miles  o(   w 


ilh    Naial 


liese  heads  both  shores  me  liiy;'',  boh  I,  binKeii  iiiti 
ei,  risinj;  almost  perpeiidicnlaily  fimii  tin  w.ihi. 
ret  but  a  .'holt  dislalice  back,  aial  ill  se\eli  linlo 
idred  and  four  h cl  above  the  sea.     On  llieMiiilll 


'h  b 


laeUed  b\    iisiii;: 


iiiiiil  :  ilie  hilK  aic  iniiiit' 
liially  III  allilmie  to  the  soiitiiu.ml.  ainl 
II  fei't  on  the  .San  liiiiiio  Mi'iiiitain,  seviii  miles 
1  anci^eo  lint  lanre  b\  the  ( 'lla^l  Siii  \  cy  slmU  the 
\  of  till'  (bildeii  tiale.  whiUt  thecharl  In 'in  I'eiiil 
•niiaiiee  to  San  l''raiicisco,  and  "ivc^  all  tlii!  '■"* 


lay  anclnn'  anywheie.  and  the  dijitli  "I   *'■■  ■      " 
line  jiiinin;;  Points  llonela  and  l.nbos.      Iheo'is 


d   II 


stern  face  of  Point  I.obos.     Tlicv  i'liii 


S.I.  di'^lanl    two  ami  one  i'i;;litli  iiiili 


(lull,     I'm  III 


till-  heads.      Inside  the  In-ads  lliediptli 


Siat<-H,  III 


1-11.  III!'  liiilili  II  li.ili'  IS  iiilliil  llm   'l  111.* ■•I'l 


imn 


I 


W\     li 


;t:  1 


m  "■ 


-'^J 


ft;  m 


•  *  'm- 


I'will 


i 

■:| 

1 

''ffi' 

;,:jl 

M.i-iiii  'h 

lMixli\irv 


1 

ik| 

^^.ijy» 


mmmmmimim^^^. 


■MH^^^^^^^HI 


North  riirnlloiiPB,  N.  }  W.,  a  inilcR. 


Prakr's  Hay,  2IH  inilfs. 
I'diTil  Ki  ycM  l.iKlitlioiiMc,  N.  J  W,,  I'.i  miles. 
ApiiroarlirH  to  Shu  KraiiriHiMp  Hay  I'loiri  llic  .Sonthwost. 


Tlif  NiirtlifiriiSlinrpHoniu'Ciilf  (if  Ilic  KaralloiKs. 


_^*»?v  "^^ 


.VaJK? 


rn"TT"^""""r '"  '  n"-[ 


rill'  N'mth  itiiil  N()rtln':».sli'rii  Slidnsof  llir  (liiir  nt  llii'  I'.iialliui 


Mount  Tainnlpais,  Nh^..^^!  miles. 
Dtixhiiry  Heef,  NE.,iWi,  iiiilcs. 
Mitldlf  I'liriilUiTi,  NE., 4+ miles. 


«^^«.j%!- 


*ii.'j_ 


.ii";ii|iai^.  N I.'. , . •.".•  mil 


(illllllMI  (illtH, 

NK.liy  I'',,  i  K..;!Ui  inil.'N. 


.■*iiiitlii',Tst  Kariilliin  l.inhl-liouse. 
K.  Iiy  N.  3  \.,.-i  iiiileH. 


i; 


'u 


ronil 


I. 


uuji|ii>wy  j^w>  mmmmtmnmmrmsi^^fftmat 


I 'Clint  R.ji's  l.ij;ln  lioiiKi  ,N.  I«y  E  .  11  i,,,,  'l  :,iiiiil(i;iiH.  '.'.i.Hi  ii-.^t,  Nl'..  liv  K  .  2H  niiloH. 

Dinl'iiiv  I'liiiil. 


.(V.. 


.jMm 


:>^r..»:,dSK>»'. 


>iiiitliiMsi  K.iriilltiii 
l:;  liy  S.. ;  S    ',U  nulfp. 


■'■  ■'^IH! 

I'il 

1 

;'  lilj 

1 

■  * 

1 

ti: 


A|t|U<>,ii'lii-H  to  Sjui  (''riincmrit  ]Ui\  Iroiii  tlit>  Sontliwi'Nt. 


UJ..I--LLL  JIW'.  _.Jili>.„k.,jiiti-jijB»»r;Vjjj|^jj(.iv.-4aJH!Ua^^.!»»'U,i^^^  i'-3»ii- !ll"!..ili.MtiaJilL '  ;■'-• 


I'liiiit  Ki'jo  l.inlil  liuiiM  ,  N.  Iiy  i;  ,  II  iiulrr.       l)iakr'.i  lt:iv. 


Apprciiit  lii'M  III  .sail  Kniiiriniw  i::t.  iroiii  Noonday  iCock. 


i^--  '■ 


•!UUV- 


Niirtli  KHrallotK 
LSTIV-ct,  [•:.  fS.,:!i 


Mcnliir;!  M Iiiiii,  I.HIO  fpcl,  K.  i  N., :)!  mil'' 


'^mam^mm^mt 


•  \in\  from  Noonday  IJock. 


Moiiiii  r;iNiul|>iiiH,  '.'.(iW  lent,  NE.  Iiy  R.,2H  miles. 
Diixiiiiiv  I'ciiiii. 


t^v-^      '■■ 


Ki.iJ^hm 


— •  --^-j.*i^.^^-=^-  -.k 


Ncirtti  I'Mr:ill(iiieM, 
lf)7l'(>.'t,  K.  JS.,:iiiiili'H. 


Midillf  Karullcin, 
E.  l.yS.  J.S.,7f  miles. 


Si)iitl»':i»t  F.ir;illiiii, 
K.  Iiy  S.,  11  S..'.U  milcN. 


li.1 


im 


liL'.ii-"';. 


i 


i 


tti: 


■^*. 


MiiiHil  Taiiialpiim 
•JXmhvi.  NK.  l>yN.|N.,l;)„„iw,. 


nMM.,.|.l,„{,at<..  Mount  Diablo.  NE.hvKiK,  47  milen 

J.......  l'o„„  K„„.„ir.  „,  NK.  ,  K.,20  n.il.s.      Point  LoI.oh  NF  |,v  F  /k 


S»ii  llrniiii  Miii]i.l.»ii!,  l,:i-^-,  Im,t 


M»iilar«  Mountaiii,  l.lMii  f,.,.t,  |.;.  i,,,  s.. -Jii  mil™. 


TiTTif'"'    ■^^"-- 


t« 


i.ip  illy  to  six 
>(iiii  li  .mil  l.j 
iii^'  i'l'  llic  Cor 

(ipcil-*  Ucll  l(( 
il  ■•'  H  Cl'rll  (HI 
«.i;i'l'  rvists  ii 
111'  rll)>(>  llllllc 

the  liiii>  JDiiiiM 

:i  lilir  iMtllttlll 

MiV  Itdcks. 

\'.\i'u  will 
ciitraiiccs,  ;is 
Silli'i.V  cMtcrcd 

V..:.  II,  p..-!) 

•    rilC  IVrfn 
lllTIIMil  111, ■111,   -Ki 

It  i.'<(lil1ii' 

Dnlll'lil.  lull    III 

timk  till'  lica\\ 
sillikiMi  l.-d.uc. 
il.nii^r;  s  inside 
<  'ii  llic  ni>i 
sii'ii.il  sliori  sii 
i>  till-  lirsi  (>iin 

lll.>t.llll  IIIIC  illK 
UllllliTS  of  i»  D 

•hI-i.    tl>  ':■^ 

lnliii>li  clh!^. 
I'inlii    I'dili 

iiiiii'i\ii\i'  fct'i 

tins  pllillt  lll'l'  .S 
.llilr  only  IVoill 
<  III   llic  SIlU 
I"  I'nillt  S;lli  ,li 
i>  llliMlfialcl^N    h 

lii.iik  Point. 
"I  >.iii  I'l'.iiicisi 
linililin-s,  farid 

I  I'llli  Itl.ir 
'.liirr  Is  lliifi-  ,| 
I'll!    1.1    the    .•it; 

>litiii-  111,,,  ^vas  fi 
■'  '  '>ti!  iVoiii  « 

■  I  I    llli.S  M 

I ,  'rmajrfi 
''>■  I'i'i  wax  CO 
I'-iiuivt'd 
''I'l'iiii.  .Hid  at 
'"l"il'  a  ll.i;;'  .>la 
'•ViM\  da\  at  t'\i 
li'iiir^  liMiii  (ir,., 

I'l'MII  Tt'lfJ,'i 

■lu'i'  widt 

■  '"  !'■  ii  i.s  coiitr 

«li.it  i«  Kmovm,  :i 

I'll'  rily  >>]   : 

fr"ni  'lirniraii  T, 


rAriric  coast  pii.ot. 


171 


i,i|  illy  to  sixly-Hii'co  fii(lif)ins  in  tln>  iiiirmwcst  pail  of  llic  ciitriun'o,  br'twccn  I'ort  Point  o?i  \\\i\ 
-,■    ii  .mil  I.iiiic  I 'dill  I  on  tiic  noilli,  when'  tlic  u  nil  li  is  only  seven  cl;^!!!  lis  of  a  mile,  ami  tlie  lie.ii' 

".  i|  the  I'oiiner  soiilli  i)y  east  tlirei- i|iiaileis  east  (S.  i>y  V'..  ,'  Iv)  Iroin  t  lie  lal  lei.  I'liein'e  I  lie  hay 
n|u:i-;  Mfl!  to  the  iioitiieast  anil  the  soiiiniin^s  y:i'ailiially  derreasc.  No  hiilih'ii  (lan;;eis  have  been 
i|,>.r.vci'eil  oiitsiih- the  line  lielweeii  Lime  I'oinI  ami  I'orl  Point  except  \eiy  elose  insliorc.  Deep 
■I'  I  exists  aronntl  the  Mile  Uocks,  he'ween  Point  Ijoliosaml  I"'orl  Poiiil.  lint  two  snnlieii  rocks 
:ii  iiiM'  under  till'  ('astern  side  of  the  inner  Mile  Itoei; ;  ain'i  a.  siinkeii  rock  has  lieeii  found  outside 
Mil  line  joiiiin;^  the  oiiterinosi    visilile  rocks  under  the  shore  aUreast  of  Mile  Itocks.     A  four  and 

I  li  ill'  fatiioin  rock,  wiiicli  may  iiavc  less  water  upon  it,  has  lieeii  located  in  the  passage  inside  the 
Mill    Koi'ks.      Pilots  now  avoid  this  chaiim  I. 

liven  willioiit  ai  tilii'ial  safci,'nard-.  and  pilots,  the  ( ioldeii  (late  wmild  he  one  uf  the  vers  safest 
■  n'l  iiices,  as  practically  testrd  liy  ihe  earlier  na\i;,'alors  and  by  the  many  tlioiisaiid  \esselsthat 
-ill   \  entered  ami  left  it  in  thccarlier  years  ot  California's  develoi>iiicnt.      Vet  weliiid  that  Iteeelcy 

'»    ■    II,  p.  ;!)  says: 

■    I'lli-  rri'f  iif  lurks  llrs  t  Un'i'-iiii:o-Irrs  of  a  liulii  fiiim  I 'unit  Hiiiii'l;!,  wliili'  humii'  siiilli'l'c.  forks,  willi  ilivp  uiitiT 


1.1  till 


-Kiiliiii'  ilir  sliipii'  on  our  riL'lit 


;;ht  ( 11(11111  c-iilrrnii,'  \  iii.il 


kl'.l  tlult   .siilr  llN 


cl;iiii;i'ro 


ll  i.s  dilliciilt  to  pro|iei  ly  characleri/.e  such  an 


erroneous  iml^iiieii 


I.     'll 


Hie  is  no  reef  olf  Point 


llMl.rl 


a.  hilt  the  <leepest  channel  is  close  around  it,  and  we  miisi  siipp 


ise  th.il 


•\  "s  l)o.:l- 


the  liciivy  cnrreni  rips,  makiiii,'  olV  the  point  at  certain   sla;,'es  of  the  tides,  fur  hreakeis  mi  a 
ill   ledfie.      i'he    Mile    Rocks  ,ire   above  w, iter    ami    lia\'e  deep  ualer  close    up    to    tliein.  with 


inside  tlicm  already  iniled  and  liereafler  iiarticiilarly  described. 


•  III  the  iiDiili    ^  Ir  III'  III!   (iiihliii  <iiili-  the  shores  are  \  eiv  h 


mil   precipitous,  s\  itii  an  occa- 


nil  li  short  si  retch  of  sand  be.icli  a  I  I  he  base  of  il'c  bliil!>.  all'oidin;;  a  bo.il  laiiiiinu'.      I'uiiit   I  >ialili 

till-  lirst  point  inside  Point  P.oneta.  .iiid  be, lis  iiortheasr  by  east  t  wo  t  liirds  e.i--i  ,  \  1',.  by  V.    y;  !•;. 

i>t. lilt  one  and  a  h.ilf  miles   from   it.      P.elween  these   points   the  shore   is  imleiitiil    iboiii  three 

ices  iif  the  dills   show  a  reddish  piirph 


I'ls  ot' a  iiiile.     In  tlie\icinil\  of  Pmnt    Kiablo  the  f 


..1.     Tl..    . 
it.^li  cIiiIn 


d  sjiecks  found  on  the  bar  are  proli,ilil>  tleiivcd  from  the  disiiite;,'r,ition  o|' these 


I'loin  Point  Diablo  tin- shore  is  ia;,';;eil  and  irre;;iilar  to  Lime  Point  P.liill.  lour  hundred  and 
iiiiii';\  tixc  feel  lii;;li.  ilist.int  one  mile  and  beariiiL,'  northeast  three  cpiartei-  c  ist  \  P.  ,'  I^.),  I'nder 
this  point  are  se\  cral  Iiil;Ii  rocks,  but  Ihey  aii'  so  close  to  the  base  of  the  bin  if  .is  to  be  ilislin;;ilisli- 


■  only  from  cert.iin  directions. 
<  tii  the  smith  siilr  nl'  tin  <  iilfiii 


eastw.ird    from  l'"iiit   Point,  t  he  slmii 


milt  San  .lose,  dist.iiit  two  and  a  half  m 


ind 


teannir  east   In  noi 


iiiiiiler.itely  hi;;h   a 

.11  k   Point.     ( tlV  this  reach 


ml  is  occupied  b\  Ihe  rniled  Stati 


was  the  "outer  aiich 


"!  >  III  l''r,incisco  i 


s  seen  a  slioii  dist,iiici'  behind  it.     The  shore  I 


is  low.  llat.  and  marshy 
th  I  !■;.  by  N. ).     This  point 
I'oii    M.ison.      It  is  locilly  kiiouiias 
orau'c"  of  t'onner  navi^  itors.  and  the  Presidio 

lilcled  In   iiiimcroiis 


me    IS  liou    lin 


'iiMjis,  factories,  \\har\cs.  etc. 
I  iiiiii  Ml.ick   Point  or  Point   .San  dose  to  Noith    Point,  at  tln' base  of  rrle;;ripli   Mill,  the  di> 


is   till 


ee  i|llart(M'S  of  a    mile   ,iiid    till 


ariiiii'   cii't  northeast    (PNI",.',      All   lliisspai'c  lorms 


out    into  deep  water. 


oiiu   sto;i-  111) 


use   li.ls   been 


I'l.i  lit  the  city  of  Sail  I'l  incisco,  ,ind  is  eo\erci|  with  houses  mer  hilliips  an  1  s.iilrys.  The 
^lion- Ijtic  uas  lorinerI>  dciioiiiinated  the  ••  North  Peach."  bill  is  now  beiiii;-  built  iipuiili  a  urc  it 
-'•iiutll  from  which  wharves  are  to  pn. 

"Ill;  over  this  section  of  the  sea  wall. 

fi  Icitraph    lllll    li.scstii.i  height   of  three    liiimlred    and   one    I',  el    abo\e    llic    iieail  le\elofllie 

'■iv.iiid  wa.s  coveted  Willi  imiscs  until   iccciitly   when  the  sninmil  u.isopemd   as  a  paik  and  the 
Iiii'iMs  leiiioved.      llowcNcr.  .1  lari;e  white,  c.islellaleil   strncliire  stands  o,i   the   iioith  side  of  the 


■•ntiiiMit,  ,iiid  at   iiiolii   .1  bnllLini  electn 


:hl 


ninct  \  nine  fei  t  abo\  i 


the  h 


I'r. 


Mil  I  lie 


■"p  "f  a  ll.|o- .stall  on  the  main  tower  of  tins    iMslcll.ilcd    buililoi;:   a   limescrxn'e  b. ill  is  dropped 
'•\'|>  il.iy  at  «'\actly  twelve  o'clock,  standard  time  ione  liiindrcd  ami  tweiitieili  iueridi.i'i,  or  ei^hl 
M  tiieiiiwich). 
I    "111  relc;,'r.iph  1 1  Ml  S.m   Francisco  P.a>  opens  to  the  southward  tm  t\\ciit,\-se\eii  milcM  with 

III  iv  ia;;e  width  of  liv six  miles.     To  the  mirt  liw  .ii  d  it  si  i etches  ten  miles  to  Point  .Sm  P.iblo 

«iit're  it  is  colli r.ic led  to  i.iic  and  two  thirds  miles  m  uidlli.  bm  bexomi  ili.it  il  expiiids  ,iml  forms 


>iiowii  us  San  P.iblo  |!,i\,  wlin'h  is  realh 


only  the  northern 


pari  of  S.iii  I'laliciseo  I!  ly. 
Pie  city  of  S.m  francisco  oiii  braces  ilic  iioithei  n  e\tieinil\  oi   t  he  peninsiil.i  ot'  .Sin  l''ramiseo 
Irmii  I  lie  oct'uii  front  round  bv  and  inciudi;  u'  the  (I  old.  n  (..ite,  and  snuthwiid  a  Ion;,'  ihe  b,is  sliori' 


u 


' 


^i: 


I     i 


iji 


171 


I'ACll'lC    ('(lAsr    IMI.iil'. 


Ih'.voikI  Hmiti'r's  Point,  (ivi>  iriilos  soiitliciist  troiii  'rili'u;i"i|''i  Hill,  cincriii:;  one  liiiii(lrc(|  sipi  n.^ 
miles.  Thr  iii.UM  IVoiit  imw  used  liv  ilci'ii  sea  vessels  cxli'ii  Is  riiiiii  near  lUacU  I'oiiil  to  I'o!',:. 
Point.  The  liarliof  is  under  tin-  direetioii  and  ecnitrnl  of  a  ."^late  llaihoi-  < 'oiniaission,  ami  ve^-,  '> 
not  !iioiij;iil  to  the  \vhar\es  mnsl  anchor  wilhm  certain  pii'scrilied  limits  ilesiijnuted  liv  tli. m 
Deep  sea  vessels  disi'iiaiL^c  and  load  not  oidy  at  the  Iront  of  .San  l"r,in<iseo.  hnt  also  at  tin-  |.i:, 
(if  the  Cell  Hal  Pacilie  and  .Son  ill  Paeilic  Coast  I  [ail  roads,  extendi  ii^r  into  the  hay  IVoin  the  ti-i,  i  n 
shofe  at  OaUland  ami  Alameila  :  and  others  jiass  up  the  liav  throiijih  the  San  I'ahlo  and  KaniMii. 
Strail.s  to  Nallejo.  Poit  C'osia.  .Vntioeh,  ami  other  localil  ii's. 

Inside  the  (loldeii   (late,  deep-sea  vessels  are  nearly  always  under  tow  ot'  steam  t  il;,'s  e\(r|ii 
when  I'oiiiiii;,'  in  with  the  samini'i'  winds,  wliicli  are  favorable. 

The  Slate  I'loaid  of  llarlior  Commissioneis  has  adopted  certain    rules  f  r  the  ;,'overiiiin   i'    ,■ 


vessels  in  the  ]iiMt  of  San  I'rant 


I' 


lev  are  ;:i\('n  in  the  apiiiaidix 


With   the  •'  Heads  ot'  .S, 111    I'raiicisco    11. iv"   wi'  I'oiitinue  tlie  detailed   description  ol 


points,  etc. 


In  early  S 
.ilti'cd  to  I'ilii 


TiiK  ••  IIkads  "  oi'  San    I'iianciscd  P.av. 

I'nlNr    LIllKiy. 

the  •■  .Sonllierii  Head  "  ot'  the  en;r.inre  to  .S.in  l''r,inciseo  I'.ay,  and  lies  at  the  noriii.'ii, 


oxtrem.'y  ol   the  s.iml  diincsof  I  he  peniimiil  i  of  .San  I'rancisco.      Ii  lie. js  south  thiityt  hree  ihvi 


east   ('.s. 


l'..i.  disianl    two  and   oneeiudith    miles,    from   Point   I'.oiiela.  which  is  the  "  .\i 


u  tlieiii 


Head."      It   is.l  lioM. 


rockv.  rouiidiii;^  piiml.  closely  uuardcd  liy  the  cl  nster  ot   four  rod,  ^.  ,  ,i||..i 


tln'  Si,il  /I'ocA.v,  ol   whicii   the  two  oiiici'  and  principal  ones  rise  fort  \  i  hiei' ami  thirty  sev^i    h 
ve  the  water.     'I'lic  south  western  and  hiu'herrocU  has  a  larire  aii'h  tlironj;h  't  as  seen  liun,  ; 


alto 

iiortlie.ist  anil   sonthue 


<t.  The  iioitliern  rncU.  two  hundred  and  lifly  >  ai  ds  fioin  t  he  p( 
a  depth  of  li\e  t'.uhoins  all  around  it.  hut  the  ch.innel  is  not  wide  enoiis;li  for  a  sale  |i,issaL 
l'|ion  iliese  rocks  are  lar;,'e  luimhcrs  of  sealions.  .Vmoiifi  the  pilots  they  are  lumwii  as  ih 
KocKs."' 


Point  I, olios  r 


ises  alirilp 


tl\'  to  a    round  head  tliiee  luindied  and  ei'dil\  feet  almxe  th 


least  of  the  Soul  h  Seal 


loeU  IS  ,1  ',i; 


in.ii  Ued  li\  small  sand  pilches.  I'poii  the  point  directly  a  I 
white  house,  sixty  feet  aliove  the  sea,  on  thelirou  of  the  perpemlicnl.ir  Idiilf.  It  hears. i.u;, 
.sj  lie  I  ions  siiiii  marked  ••  ClilV  I  louse."  ( >liier  and  \ery  lar;,'e  hiiildin;,'s  lie  iimler  the  soiilhe  i  ^  .! 
of  the  point  a  I  I  he  Inn  it  of  I  he  sand  dunes  ,  IS.SI ) ;    ami  improv  ementsare  he  in;:  in.ide  on  lli. 


ahove  the  Cllll   ilou>c.      St 


earn  cars 


now  run  from  the  south   side  of  the    head    for  a  mil 


Willi  the  heach.     Southward  ot'  tliis  point  tlie  Ion;:,  low  line  of  sand  he.ieh  can  not  he  n 


eo"n,,,.u  I 


thick.  fo''::\   weallier.  and  the  le.id  must  he  u^ed.  and  alleiil 


ion  paid  lo  tiie  dllei't  imi  in  wlih  >i  ll 


P.oiiet.i  l-'o''  uh'sth 


1^  lieanl 


Th 


le  sea  lions  on  Seal   Pocks.   how.'Xel 


xcep  up  an  almost  eon 


ro.ii  in;:,  which   is  a  -ood   ;:uidi'   iii   thick   weather,  as  these  are  the  only  roidvs  near  the  enM. en 
where  they  eon;:re;:.ite.     In  clear  weather  the  miles  of  drifiin;^  white  sand  dunes  which  U.<. 
lieacli  form  a  eonspiciioiis   ami  easily  leconm/ed   fe.itnie  of  the  approach  from  some  di>i  r 
side  I  he   har. 

The  I.ifeSa\  in;:  station  has  a  hoat  house  on  the   inside  of  the  heach  h  df  a  iniir  to  llie  ><iul 
Watd  of  tl|e  .Seal   pocks. 

Tlie    /■'';/■''■'""/"'    fi'rniell\    loe.ited  on  the  pilch    ol     Point     I.      HIS    has    hiell    dlscolltili 

tliere  is  at  present  no  aid  to  na\i;;alion  on  Point  Polios.     Th>'  1  lencli  I'liait  No.  P.t7!'.  ■• 
IStiL',  with  eoricetions  to  Isi;;),  jias  eiroiicously  placed  a  li|.dit  house  .■.«!  Point  Polios. 

The   pilots   and    sliipin.isleis   complain    thai    under   ciit.iin   atiiio^pheru*  (ihhIiIIoii 
from  the  ClilV  llon>e  somel  imes  mislead  \essels  appio.icjiin;:  the  •loldeii  <iate.      ll  i-  : 
that,  as  the  cii\.  ot   S.in    I'rancisco  advances  westward    towards  tb*-  ocean,  nrlier  li^li' 
fere  with  I  lie  le-iilar  aiiU  to  na\i;;ation,  ami  especially  eliM  It  u- Itehts  phw»d  upon  h 
in  the  cii\  liniils.  ^iich  as  th.il  on  Tele;:rapli  Hill. 

( >n  the  iioi  I  hwolein  slope,  and   near  the  siimmii  of  i'iimt  !.'•«  «is,  is  j.icalisl  the  ■• '  ' 
trrapli  .Station  "  of  the  m u  ine  repoi  ler  for  the  Merchants'  Kv  u,iiii;c  of  S.tii  Pi-;*iicixis.. 
are  I'epiii'ted  a.s  .simu  a.s  their  niimher  or  name  cm  he  m.ule  on'  from  this  station. 


I'll  is  is  till 
|iiiiiiteil  evirem 
itmi^.  rocky  eli 
w.ihl  lace  of  til 
•  'lie  tiiile  north 
llic  liMldeii  (iat 
W  lien  seen 
I'.'in:  liiahio,  a 
H.iiil  11  >lious  a 
I'll'  liiiiiidatioii 

l.lll'N   ill    such    l|U 

iiii'  lii>l  heavy  i 

lii.ii  k  co|(M'  and 

file  n.irrow 

w.inl  ,iiid  e.istu 

.\  \  essel  en 
III  the  three  lioh 
liiest  dl-tanl  OIK 

'I'llckl.v  lo  1 1 , 

"111-  iv  llie  old  ll;; 
ii'iiiiihiii:  lull  of 
'liriii.     .\pp,iren 
a.Nlii;;li  ,iN  the  el 
i!i;;li.  il.it,  rockv 
"I  H  mile  nortlnv 
iliiili'l'  tile  inin'r 
llir  Vessel  conu'S 
Imtf-r  (Ml  llvi  leve 
'      lis  to  lie 

I"    ill-  afleri 

■    'Ml^|licu 

I  inn   ,ire  no 

'  -Mild  -llid  liftv 

ii   iiicreii 
i''':iiii  rii.irt  sho 

'+"■.  -!•-  '    -nlllhu, 

IM^  d( 


I'llMla  il.>  lus  I.iiIji 


I'lilUl   iif    III'    1  >r;l  1  Wolves 


,'l    • 


i  1- 


i 


rAcM'ic  coAsr  I'li.or.  173 

Till'  rtilliiwiii;,'  lii'iniiit^s  and  distaiuics  to  inoiiiinent  objijcts  art'  ^ivcn  from  the  South  Seal 
lliii  iv.  i>iV  roint  I, olios: 

MoMtaiM  i'liinl  ri><;'\vliiMtl(> S.  Hi     K,,  (listaiit  i  1^  imIIi'm. 

r.iiiit  S.iii  I'liIni S.   llP   K.,  ilisliiiil  II  iiiili'H. 

Scp|itlii:i>l  laiMllmi  l,i;;lil S.  til)'  \V.,  iliNliinl  2:!}  miles. 

\\  liislliiii;  liiKiy  iiiiInIiI'  tlir  bar S.  tl.'i     VV..  (li.slaiil    tij  iiiili'H. 

Iiisiilr  li.ir  liiiiiy S.  -1     \V.,  (liHtanl     -'J  iiiiloH. 

Mlili  li.iiiinl  liiinv,"  III  I'.l  rallioMis  ln-twiM'ii  tin'  IIcuIh S.'-ir^-'  W.,  (li»tanl     1^  iiiili'H. 

I'liiiit  liniiila  l.inlil-lioiisc  and  Sinn N.  Itll    \V'.,iliMtaiit    •,•!,  iiiilrs. 

MiliK'.iiUs N.      i  K.,  ilislaiit     1  mil.'. 

l,iiin'  I '.lint  l'ii^-\vlii-.lli' N.  Ill      r...  ilislant     :ili  iniN'N. 

Ill  I'arly  Spaiiisii  iliarts  this  point  \v:is  fallcil  I'linta  th'l  An^jfl  tU'  hi  (liiarthi,  n  name  lirst 
ipi vdl  to  riiiar  I'oint.     In  moie  ri'fent  tliaiN  it  is  nanietl  I'unta  tie  los  Lobos. 

rolNT    MON'r.TA. 

This  is  the  "  Ntirthern  [li'Uil "  of  the  t'ntranei'  to  San  Fraii('ist'i>  Hiiy.  It  is  the  southwest 
;  iiih;.  .1  i'\li('iiiit.v  of  the  TaiMalpais  !*i'!iinsiila.  Thi'  outtT  jioint  is  a  black,  sliaip.  narrow,  prt'cip- 
i'.iii-.  n)i'U\  I'lilV,  one  liiiniiicil  I'l't't  aboxc  thr  si'a,  irrt'^iuiaris  in<T<''siMj;  in  li('i;;ht  aloii;^  the  sea- 
u.ii'l  I'lti' ol  the  t'lilVs  to  the  olil  li^rhthousi'  towt'r,  wlicit'  ii  is  tlmr  iuiuiln'd  fet'f  in  eh'\ation. 
iijii'  iiiiif  north  it  siidvs  in  tin-  sea  icvfl  at  tlii'  depression  >f  the  Undeo  Lau'iina,  wiiilsi  towartls 
ill  (l.Jden  (late  it  rises  in^dicr  in  irre;,'iiiar  rounding  summits. 

\\  hen  sfiMi  from  the  oiitfr  jtart  of  tlif  bar  it  is  projected  against  tiic  iii;,'hi'r  land  risin;;  from 
r.'iiit  Diablo,  antl  only  distin;;iiishable  l)y  the  Ia;;htlionse,  bnildiM;,'s,  etc.  I''rom  tht!  itorthwcst- 
i.iiil  It  shows  as  a  point  with  three  heads,  of  which  the  sonlhcriiiiinst  has  Itcen  cut  ilown  to  form 
!!■  tniiiitbition  for  the  new  lii^hl  lidiise.  Hiiriii;;  the  dry  S"asiiii  the  deposit  ol  sea  birds  accnmu- 
ih'N  III  such  tpiantilies  on  the  outer  cd;.je  of  the  elilfs  as  to  malic  the  steep  \',\{t'  show  while;  but 
M'  in--l  heavy  lain  carries  it  olV,  and  then  ihi(ni;;h  the  rainy  season  llie  juiint  exhibits  its  natural 
n.ii  I  .  'lor  and  appeaianee. 

liic  n.inou  riil^i'  tormiii;;  the  extremity  of  the  point  has  two  ;iriiis  witli  precipitmis  faces  ,sea- 
i.lhl  .illll  e;istward. 

\  \i>sel  ciilerini;  the  (bilden  (iaie  in  the  early  moinin;;'  will  sec  Ihc  \er,\   Idack  wi'slern  fact's 

1  ii.i-  liiree  bold  clitfs  (if  r.incl.i  ran;_'cd  ipiartciiui;  ulicn  be.iiiii;;  north  b\  west  iN.  I>\  W.).     The 

h'^t   !i>l,liit  one  stands  out    I'aithcst.      I'lnm  the  top  ot'  tlic  sc.iwanl   tice  the  sin  t'.ue  of  e.urh  falls 

,111  i,l;.  til  the  east  w, lid.  so  t  Ii. it  tile  crest  line  appe.ir.iiicc  isslrikilij;.     On  the  mi'ldle  and  liiy:lifst 

111  1^  Ihc  old  liyjlit  house  tower,  showiii^j  \  liile.      Mcliind  them,  .I'ooiit  I  '.mi  miles  dislaiit,  is  a  lii;;li 

iiiiiiiliiiu'  hill  of  one  thousand  feel  elcvalioii,  with  the  ilcep  v.dlcy  of  llie  Kodeo  Lajioon   belv.-eeii 

\ppai'eiill.\  tioin  the  face  i if  the  iiortlisvcsiein  clitf  ,i    nearly  hori/nntal   table  of  rock,  half 

- :  .„    .i>  the  clitf.  piojects  well  out  with  a  broken   finni,  onlsule  of  which  is  anuilici'   mudcratcly 

iXh.  ilal,  ii'ck>  projeciiiin  with  black  base  and  v.liile  tup.      riii>  rocky  piojeci  imi  lies  li\  e  ei;;litlis 

■I  a  iiiile  iiurthwesl  frmii  the   nc'..'  I.i;;hl  house,      in  this  imsition   the  present  i.iuht  liciiisc  will  be 

iMilii  ihc  inner  slope  of  the  soulheastein  clilV  and   less  than   half  as  hi;;li  ,ibo\c  iiie  water.     .\s 

■lie  Vessel  ciiiiii's  beluecMi  the  llc.id>  t  he  l',iee>  nl  I  he  dilfs  come  vci\   neail.x  in  line;    the  licw  la;;ht- 

.  wi  lis  level  bench  sliow>  just  oiil>idr|lie  tiirllic>t  elilf.  and  the  while  tnjipcd  pro|celiiii;  rock 

•  .iiis  to  bi'  shut  in  by  it. 

In  ilii'  afternoon,   with  the  siin  shiiiin;^  on  the  western  fices  of  the  clitVs,  they  arc  ciHii|iar.i 

1' .Mi^pnnous  except  from  eeilain  directions. 

'   .lie  III!  known  daiijicis  tar  uO  (his  pi  nut,  the  line  nf  ihrec  fathoms  rarcl\  ex  tend  in;;  two 

fi  .iiid  tift.N  yards  fnuii  any  pari  of  it;    bm   some  dclaclicd  roeks  are  seen  wiilnn  this  line. 

'      1'  I'll  increases  ra|iidly,  and  from   live  in  m\  tathoms  can  b,'  tbnnd  mi  all  >.idcs  i>|   the  point. 

iSiil  till'  chart  show  s  a  sunken  ri«  k  m  i  he  lioiiela  <  liaiiiiel  one ci^^hih  ol  ,i  milr  broad  oil  the  wi  sicrii 

•  '  -oiiihwest  half  south  (SW.  ]  .S.)  ibiir  huiidreil  and   sixtv  \aids  fi,im  the  old  Huh:  iioii-i. 

lias  deep  w.iler  all  around  it  and  is  rcportctl   \isible  in  liie  hollow  of  the  sw.'ll  at  the 

ilie  clipper  ship  Xifii  /•'/•((((•(Mil  w,is  lost  on  this  head,  wi'  are  told  that  slic  lirst  siiuek 
'  !ilVin>iilc  the  head  was  earned  by  the  currents  around  the  point,  and  then  slraiulcd 
■mIc.      The  reef,  or  line  of  sunken  rocks,  rcpiesi'iitcd  a-<  stretchinjj  out  Ihrec  ipi.irlcis  of 

•  Ki  iMiivnl  liy  l.if;lit  I,iMi~f  I'Hianl  in  Siiilrinlnr.  1--I. 


M 


M     Ikl 


I#CA4 


I 


mn 


171 


rAciKR'  loA.sr  nmr. 


a  mill'  iipnii  sonic  cliarls,*  lias  iiii  fvistciu'c  anil  oiilv  srrvi's  to  niislraii  those  iina<'i|iniinlril 


till'  loralilv. 


I'oiN  I    iKi.M'.TA  i,n;ii  r  imi  sk 


Till' iilil  liu'lil  liiiiisi',  wliifli  was  si\  lininiird  \aril>  nm  lliwi'st  uanl  Irniii  I  hi' cxtri'iiiil  \  ni  v- 
piiiiil  on  till'  tliiid  hiMil,  iml  alMnii  thii'i'  hnndii'il  Ici'l  aliovo  llii'  si'a,  has  hi'cn  ahainloni'il,  ,iii.|  i 
iiiir  l.iiihl  'must,  wliiili  will  iikmi'  lii(|iiintl\  show  holow  tho  iiinlrr  sni  I'ai rinan\  ul'thi   In;;^.  hiv 

liri'll  lilllll    t«ii  hllllilicd   Iri'l    IdWi'I    and   IMMl'  llii'  .--(lUlhwi'sl   cNtlrinilV    lit'   till'  |iiiinl.      'I'lh'  old  III  '.  ; 
has  lii'in  jursrrx  I'd  and  is  |iaiiili'il  «  hili'  to  si'i  \  c  a-,   a  ilay  liiMron. 


Tl 


■rrst    of  thi'    SOI 


ithwi'st  (Alii'iiiitN    of  I'oinI    Muni'la    has   lici'ii   cut   down  to 


;l\  r  MM  1,'n 


sutrnii'iii  lor  ihf  in  w    la^ht  hoiisi'  hiiildiiiL',  and  tho  sonthoasi  arm  has  also  Ihtii  cut  di 


comiiiodatc  the  slcain   I'o'j 


■i\iX[i:\ 


lionso.     'i'lic  li;;lit  house   linildiii;:    is  a  low,  si|iiari'  I 


iril-k    Imirl, 


liaiiitcd  white,  risin;r  I'm  in  ilie  cnitcr  ot'  the  one  >ior\  dwelling:.  The  i  ircnlar  l>alii>lrade  anil  il.  '  . 
are  jiainlcd  red.  I'loiii  siawan!  ii  is  seen  |iiojecfcd  ayainst  the  dark.  hi;;h  hilN  liclniid  ii..i!iil 
in  elear  weather  it   is  a  moderately   plain  nhjeet;   the  old   tower  is,  however,  a  niueli  lieiiiiil.u 


lijeet. 


Olljl 


The  illnniinatin;.'  apparatus  is  of  the  seeoiid  older  of  the  system  of  I'lesnel.  was  tiis(  e\liiliiUi| 


III  its  new  |iii>iiion  I'elniary.   1"«77.  and  shows  d  rirnl  ichitr  liiihl  •'••:  lu  sunset  to  siinii> 


Tl 


le  limits  III   till'  ail 


if  \isiliilil\   are   froi tln'est    li\   ue>l    half  west     NW.  Ii\   \\  .      W  . 


e  hilidreil  uiid  tweiitv  four  feet  ai>o\e  the  sea.  so  that  the  Ia;;lit  should  In 


round  by  the  smith  and  east,  to  noiihea>l  liy  east  half  easi  (Ni',.  li\    \'..  .\  \'..). 

The  base  of  the  tower  is  one  hiindred  and  three  feet  alio\e  the  mean  le\i  1  of  the  sea.  ami 
t'oeal  [ilaiie  is  on 
ta\  oralile  eonditioiis    if  the  atmosphere  from  a   liei;iht  of — 

In    IV.  t   ,ll    :l   ill^latlir  (if tfi.  1    llllir' 

v.'ii  (ill  :il  a  ili>l.iTii  1-  (if IT.'.t  imirt 


:!ll  It'it  al  a  (li-lancc  (if. 
lid  1(1  1  al  a  (li-!aiii  !■  dl 


I'.i.  1    inilrs. 
■Jl.T   iiiili?». 


'I'he  j;eo;;raphieal  ]iosiliiin  nl    (lie  I,i;;ht.  as  determined  by  the  Toast  and  Cieodetie  Siiive; 


l.alitinli' 


1-    .M      Tim  III  I 


l.iilitjilililn I-V.'     ill     17 


<  tr,  111  tniif 


te     hT    I 


The  iiiaj;iirlie  vaiialion  wa--  Ut    ,'!t    east  .laniiaiy  1.  issri,  with  a  vearly  ineiease  ol  n  , 


The  t( 


liiiildiii'' is  distant  I  loin  the  1 J  l' hi  Imnse  ninel  \  \  aids  in  a  noil  heastei  h  di 


the  l.i;;hl  the  bearin;is  and  dlst.iiiees  to  pinininenl  iilijeels  are  as  tollov 


1  iii\l.iii>   l;.  it    llim 
I'liiiit   Ki'\i'»  l.iyliili'iiis 


I'.'  falhimis. 


.\.    -7      \V 


null' 


\V.     -.'.".J  iiijlc 


Niiiiiiilii\  l;iM  k  mill  llieiy S    7ii     W.     '.".i;  iihIin. 

S.  .'.1.     W.     'Jiti  nuli-s. 


SiMitliiMKt  Kara  Hull  l.i);litlum^r 

I'linil  .""aN  I'liliii ,s     I-       I.,      lli  mill 

I'liiiii  Miiiilai  1  I'lin  «  liislli- !<     I-       1.       lli]  null' 

i  null' 


Itiiiis  Ni 


lalliHIiiH,  nil  rast  I'liil  I'f  Kmii  fnllinlii  llaiik 


lliiii>   Nil    I.  Ill  li^  rallimim.  nil  wi'st  i ml  (i|    I'lMii  latliiiin  Malik 
\\  lii-llili;;  Hilii\,  iiiit^iilc  ilii'  liai  III  I'l  t.illiiiiiiN    


lii^iili-  Hal  llii(i\ .  Ill  '.If  talliiiiii>. 

Miil-i  liiiiiiiil  Itiiin,!  liilwi'iMi  ll.     Ili'iiils .s     a..       I. 


S.  II.  U 

.S.  til,  W.  I,  null' 

S.  i;.  \V.  ti.  mile 

.s,  .;i  \V.  'Ji  null' 


mile 


rmllt   lll.llilii.  linrlll  Mill'  <Mi|ili  II  (iatr   . 
All  aira/  NIaiiil  l.:;;lil  liiiii-.i<  anil  llcll 

f'lirl  rmiil  lj^'litliiiii-r  anil  Mill     

Si'al  IJii.  K-,  nil  I'liiiil  l.i.lMis   


\.  <i:!      i;.       Li  mill 
nil! 


N.  til.      1-; 


i  nnirf 


N.    r>li       K.        --'i    liuli- 

s.  ;i:i     i:.     -Ji  iiiili'^ 


I'Oli  SIi.N  \l.    Al     I'uINI     IIIINKIA. 


'I'lii'  house  eoiilainili'j  the  t'l 


'i;^iial  1,-.  a  w  lute  linildili;;  i 


III  the.-iiiillieasleni  aim  ol  llic  i AtieruH.V 


if  I'oint  lloneta, 


heir    I  he   Mil  laee  of  the  loek  has  been  en  I  din\  II  to  niliel\   m'Mii  In 


M'a.     'I'he  biuldin;;  is  iiiiiet.\  ,\ards  northeast wardl\  from  the  laiihtdionse. 

■  Si'i'  ili'M'ri|ilii>n  of  San  hVain  I'-in  \\>\  ami  »)>|>niarlii^,  p  i:;i^  I7ii    ITI 

I  l/<i./Hi/ii'    1  .niiifiiJii.   >ioi    AniHimii      Till'   iilrMi'iil     inrnarM-  (if  Ilii-    varialinn    i»  11  .it  illiiiiiall.\.   Imi 
JM  (li'rri'a'-in^,    ilnl   lln- la^liTii   \  .0  i.itinn  «  ill    ill, mills  iiiiMiiiiiiii   liiiiil  nf  l,'i     ill!   uliiiill  tllii  )i'ar  l-iii 
lirHlli  III  ■•liiH  1>    ill  I  iiiiM'. 

!  Itriiinvi'il  li.v  iriiicinm  (if  ilii'  layliilinii^c  Mii.ml.  .Si'iitciiilicr,  Isrtt. 


I'lie  appai 
Mill!  Iiiu  I  rnin 
III!'  /  ,f.v/,v  are  / 

I  lie  fou  ,M; 
li,ll'.  .;iiil   exi'ii 

III  |ia.ssiiii; 
liiilir'a  ell. nine 
iiii'ii!.  Il  lias  I 
Lime  I'liinl  si;; 
up  Willi   I'oinI 

I'lir   I  lie    111 

Hie   lo-'-n 

It  11,1-;  iliseonl  III 

T'liiii  lilllll 

lliillr'.l,  ll\    li'illL,' 

till'  iilil  I'liarls 
liM' a  lii>liii|(s'  e, 
till'  West  ward. 


lilllll  I'oint 
ijiLirti'i's  of  a   III 

iliiAi'  «,iler,  u  II 

I'l'i'iii  till'   lii-h, 
;lif  iiniili   for  a  tl 
<:iilil  lieaell    baek 
.'Milliil  I'l'liiiid  th 
•■■;iic  I'nii.     Th 

.•!.ll'^. 

\  I'^M'ls  ;||'e  SI 
'H  .Oiilil  liein-'  fill 
i''|'.l.'>.llii  .lllrhora; 
■iili'ril)  nil  I  he  be 
•«'i'll  ,M'!Iiii'4  in  I 
I'lli'ilelilJi  nf  u';iti 
!'"il  I'l'Mil.  deereii 
illil  I'lii'liN. 


1  iii'M'  I  uo   sin 
'■ii'liiiillieiii  Seal 
ili.Nnf  111,.  ,,||||.i 
'*^\':-  ^\'.)  tMiin  t 

"llii  >iiiiii,  iif  I'm 

■'"■'   I'nnil.       Thl'.V 

'     I  \  essels 

'■!i''ib.«.iiil  of  t 

riii'M'  riii'ks  ai 

'*'■  'l'lie\  Mie  |e| 
■^'r^Hil'illli.il^  exi;; 
"■'"'•'•Il  thi'Mi. 

"l"'   i'\. lilllll. Ill 

"'   '  '         \    feel  I 

in  Is  fn 

■"' ■'"■'!  ^  nek,  and 

■';''' Mill',,., I  ,.,„.|.  ij, 
'''luclniinlred  \;ii 


rAcii'K!  ('i>.\sr  ni.oT. 


<> 


riic  ;i|)|i;ii;iliis  i-;  :i  stciiin  In;,' s\  iimi  dl'  tlii>  lirsl  class  (with  (Iiiplicillc  in  tMsc  of  acciilciits), 
Miiiiiliii^  liiini|M'i  l)la>is  (liiiMi;;-  thick  aii<l  l'iiy:>;y  wcallici',  iii^ht  or  il,\\  .1  riri/  llilrlyninr  sviaiuis; 
\\{{- I'lsln  arc  /'(>»(■  sicniiils  hiiKj  ami   the   in'  rrnl.s  titirtij  firr  siinnds. 

The  ro;isi;:iial  at  I'liiiit  r.oiicta  is  ti(iiiiciitl\  licarti  distinctly  at  tlic  wliistlinj;  biKiy  oil"  the 
|i,ir.  iih!  in  in  as  I'ai'  ilnwii  as   I'mnt   San    rcilm. 

in  passin;;'  aniiinil    I'lniii    llnncta,  w  itl'.ln  three  iir  liinr  hiinilreil  \  arils,  In  ;^o  out   tliri)ii;;'li  the 


I'liiM'  I  I'haiiiiel  III  a 
niriii.     It   has  no  • 
ijini'  I'liint   si;,Mial 


thick  to;.',  we  Mill  ii  CI  I  thai  the  signal  cmnes  sharp  ami  slirill  like  a  iceil  inst  1  ii. 
■;iss"  at'lei'  il.     Tiiis  characteristic  ililleis  wIidIIn   t'luin  the  mariiiir  lilast  iil'  the 


III  citiiiiii;:  in  tVoin  the  seawaid  we  hear  the  lame  I'uiiit   si;;nal  hel'ure  lieili'' 


iiji  u  1:  il   rniiil    liiiiicta. 

jiir  the  lieai  iii;;s  1)1   priMiiiiient  tihjects  see  ilescript  ion  of  the  I'.iuieta  F,i;;htlioiise,) 
i  lie  ti>;;-;,'nii  at  I'oint    I'loneta  was    ili>coiitiiiini|  Maich  IS,  I,S,">S:   1  lie  to;;  hell  «  hich  ilisplaccil 
It  «.is  iliscoiitiniicil  Ma,  'J'.',  |s7J.  wlieii  ihc  steam  I'oi^horn  was  ailopleil. 

I''>iiil  I'toneta  is  callcil  I'liiita  lloiieioon  old  l'hi;;lish  chart  >:  I'liiita  lloiieta,  li.v  Kceclicv;  I'linta 
r.uiir'.i,  liy  i;iii,i;;ri'ld,  1S,")1,  and  I'oint  lloniia  on  the  present  I'.S.  ("oast  Siii\c\  charts,  Imt  on 
liii-  iilij  iliaits  I'oint  I'.oneta.  The  mure  jirolialile  dcsi;,qiation  is  Itoneie,  hein;;' t  he  Spanish  word 
!..ia  l'i>hops'  cap;  lor  the  point  presented  the  appeaianct>  of  three  such  heads  when  seen  from 
ilii;  west  ward. 

iiti'.  siMiii  siiiii;i:s  ni'    riii;  uni.urN  (Iatio. 

I  1  MM  Point  Lolios  the  ;:eiier.il  tiemi  ot'  the  shore  is  in  a  line  towards  Fort  I'oint  for  three 
i|ii.iiiiis  111' a  mile  to  a  short,  Jiiltiii;:,  lii;,'li  poini,  immediately  under  which  lie  iinmeroiis  rocks 
;iIiiiM' Nt. tier,  with  the  Mile  ifocks  onethird  of  a  mile  otV  it.  I'mmthis  inner  point  ( Mile  l.'ock 
I'lii'iiilie  hi;;h,  rocky  shore  runs  wellio  ilie  easiward  tor  11  mile,  and  then  ;;raiiiially  tieiiils  to 
';iii.'i:h  I'or  a  mile  and  a  halt'  to  I'o'i  I'oini.  In  the  deepest  pai't  of  tliis  lieiid  there  is  a  Ion;; 
-    hi  i'c.irh   backed  li\   small   hillocks  risiiii,'  I'roiii  I  he  i^eiicral  snil'.irc    and  slo| !'  the  hills.     'I'lie 


III!  iM'hind  the  .slioic  to  I'oii  I'oint  li 


iieaih   I'oiir  hundred  Icet  elevai  ion  and  1  in-n  decline: 


;lii'  I'oi't.     The  crest  line  towards  the  point  is  siirinminlcd  lt\  ;i  chain  of  earthworks  with  heavy 
\  iv>els  are  sometimes  com|ieIIed  to  anchor  in  tlieliii,dit  hetweeii  I'oint  liolios  and  Fort  I'oint 


i|  liei  !);.;■  cai  I  ied  oil  I  he   Mile  Kocks  w  hen  t  he  w  ind  ;;iNes  01,1  on  I  lie  eld 


tide,  lint  it  is  not 


ichoia;,'!'   and   dilliciill    to  iiel    niider    way    lioni.      When  the    w  iiid  spriii;;s   up  it    lih 


,i>.iii;  .11 


nlU  on  t  lie  head 


and  w  hen  tlie  current  is  not  riinnin  ;;  stion;;  elili  then'  is  always  coiisidci.ililc 
ill  Mlliiiu  III  there.  Vessels  should  not  anchor  thciccxce|)|  in  cases  of  ai'solnte  necessity. 
:i' ilr|, 111  III'  water  III  this  lii^ht  is  leu  to  thirteen  tathomson  the  line  lictwecii  I'oint  I.ohos  and 
It  l'"iiit,  decicasin;;  to  four  fathoms  two  liundrcd  and  lifty  yards  oiV  the  lieacli ;    liottoin  s.mdy 


t     V 


nil'.  Mii.i;  i;u('K.'<. 


flii'se  two  sinall  II 


•ks  lie   live  sixths  of  a  mile  north  ei;,'ht  ile;;rees  cast  (X.  S     I!.)  t'rom 


■iMiiilierii  Seal  liock  oil'  the  w 


olcrii  1 


Mi'caiit  V  of  i'oiiii  I. olios;  and  . I  short  ilisiaiici>  w  iihin  the 


'(  the  entrance   to  I  he  ( i olden  ( 1  He.      I'hey  lie   |ii>t  one  third  of  a  mile  iiorlhw  est  half  w  est 


W.  ;  W, 


liiiiii  t  he  sliai  p,  Jill  Iinu  point,  n lie  hiliidred  and  >i\ly  feet  hi^;h,  tiisl  inside  and  011  the 


all  shiiie  ■■!    Tollil 


ill 


.nl,  .llel  \er\   licaih   IwoiiiiIcsmi 


llthw  est  half  sou 


Ih  (S\V.  \  >.)  I 


)  liom 


It  I'l'iiil.     rill  \  bear  almost  sonlhe.ist  iSI!.ioae  and  I  wothirds  mill  s  110111  I'mut   r.oiieia  l.i^;ht 
1  \es>el>  riiiinin;;  in  on  the  laiiye  oi'  lull  i'oint  and  Alcalia/  l.i;,dils  pass  hall'  a  mile  to 
v.iidof  ihe  oilier  and  lari,'ei  loik  with  t  weulyt  wo  fathoms  ot'  w.iter. 
llni   Turks  are  alioiit  Iwciils  lei  I  .ilMi\elii;;li  w  .ilcr,  .mil  ale  separated  li,\  barely  one     uiidl'id 

''•     llii'\  aie  lepiMled  to    liaxe   ^uriieieiit    W.iter  between  them  In    cany  ,1    \e>sel    ihroiluli    if  an 

Tiimiliiuii  \  e\ij{eiie>  demand'cd  such  a  lisk  ;  il  is   asserted  that  a  deep  se.i  .ship  has  drilled  out 

twirli  Iheiii. 


rill 


ev.imiliatioil   of  the    passa;;e   inside   o|    Mile  Hock-.  ^|sS|  i  has  so  far  developed  ,1  siilikeli 


'111  «itli  ,M\    feel  of  water    upon  it    l\iu;;sonlli   ei;;ht\  si\  de;;li'es    east  ^S.  Sd  '  l!.),  one   liiimllcd 


.il: 


liiri\  \ards  lioin  the  <  »uiei  Mile  1; 


I'll 


lis    puis  11   oil  the    r,(ll;.;e  Willi  the  nnrthern  pan  III 


■II'  llllll'l' 

''  liVi'llllliilied  \;iids    abrc.i-I  lit    the   Mile   It 


and  seventy  SIX  \.irds  di-<lanl  liom  il.     'l"wciii.\  two  \aiils  to  the  noi  I  liwcsi  w  .nil  of 
iiii'irii  lock  lies  another  with  t'onrleen  teii  it'  water  upon  11.      Indii  llie  shore  tor  a  ili->lance 

.    lie  sever. il  l,ll>;e    rocks;   Ihe  two   lai  ;;er  ones  are 


;if!l 


t«l 

1 .111(1  Ibiii'  1 

\ir- 

••      IX    M'CUII 

\ni 

II  -how  II  .si 

llic  lllClll 

.sl.l 

.   -  lit     lllc    1 

mil 

-.     Til.'  I.I 

\,\ 

1  1    cMlciii 

lir:i:  iii:  .soill  li\ 

Tlir  ;,'C();;r 

VI  •) 

-.  ; 

l.lllll 

l.nl.o 

•M.   ii 

Tiir  iiim;ih 

riic  Sum  III 

I'lOlll     I'd.'l 

Nnllll 

WIliH! 

.•^.illtll 

I'ollil 

I.IMI.. 

Mr.it, 

illllrk 

\.il,a 

Till-  ll'iM  |V;l 
IHII  li.-Inu  Ihi-  |l. 
"I  till-  .--.Mllr  li.isl 
I  III'  lii-ll  \lcl;,'||,s 
"I  il:i>.  IS  .sinick 

S'llllfllllUVS 

"Illy  \\\h-u  .'I  M- 
.liilc.lNl  ul'    It. 
«iiiilly  ii|iiiii  111! 
Ill   |i:i.-.MIl;; 

«!'  Wclr   ,|lirc;|st 

'III'  I'l-f  -liiiKc. 

!•■'!    I'ni,,/.. 
'•"II  --iMI    1iIUp\    11 

Iili>  lpllll\ 
'll'llll    ilnl  u  nil 

I'll''  lllKlV    ||. 
^I.\.\.|h|.  t|,,||, 

'l"'ii'  ■'>  ill  nihil 

ll      iM'llill    Im 

'lii'i'!.i.,.|i|.,.,.„, 

.''■'•■ll    .1    lli    lll-,.;^, 

I'  -"111^;  III 
'111'  i.i  \  liii,.  ,,( 
.iliii\,'. 

I'"ii  I'l.inl 

'•'"'■'I   I'iMll.l  liil 

'^      I'liiic  sa 
''"■''"  li.lMlvUli 

1 71.'  1 1 


I'ACIl'lC    COAST    IMI.OT. 


177 


I  lour  lil'lhs  sccdiids,  (liiikiu'ss  cIcNcii  sccuiiils,  red  tliiJili  two  iiiiil  t'oiirliftlis  st'coiids,  diiik- 
\  si'coiid.s,  mid  ilu'ii  ilic  wliiic  li;,'lit  ol' lift \- live  .seconds,  ctr.     This  rliiiractt-ri.stic  Liylit  has 


IVUI   .III 

,„..<  .1 


III  I'll    -llOU  II   MIICl' 


M;l\    1,   IS7 


I  lie  local  plane  111'  I  he  l,l;:lit  is  ri^^lii.vllirci'  feet  aliovc  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  diiiiii;,'  rav()rai)lo 
>t,iii-^  111  I  he  al  iiios|iheie  ii  imii  lie  seen  lioiii  all  elexatioii  of  lilteeii  tccl  at  a  distaiiec,  of  lU'tceii 
iiiilr-.  The  la;;lit  .show  ..  I  liiiiii;;li  t  he  \\  hole  hoii/on,  lull  the  i  ,inj,'e  of  \  isiliilitv  seaward  is  hounded 
li\  iir  eMieiiiilv  ol'  Point  Hoiirta,  Keaiin;;  west  three  (|iiaileis  smith  (W .  ,'  S.),  and  i'oint  Loi)os, 
111  ill  sl:  southwest  li.v  south  one-i;uarler  soiilli  (SW.  h.\  S.  |  S.). 

I  III'  ^'eo;;ra|ihii  al  jiositioii,  a.'  deteiinlned  by  the  tiianj;iilation  of  tlu^  Coast  and  (Jeodetic!  Hiir- 


i: 


l..llllllll>' 


:iT '  1.- 


liollll 


I. 


Illllll' 


III    111  I  mil' 


-'■  {!'.>•"  .-.im;.         S 


I  iir  ma;.'iietie  vaiiatioii,  .laniiarv,  1.SS5,  was  Hi    .11'  east,  and  iiiereasin^j  o'.l  aiinuail.v. 

I  III' .Soiiilieast  faiallon  I,i;,dit  is  jii.st  visilile  from  a  vessel's  de(tk  when  ahr<'as|  of  I'ort  I'oint. 

1  mill  l-'oi  I  I'oint  I-i;;ht  we  ha\e  the  followin;;  li('arin),'s  and  distances  to  proinineiit  oliJL'cts : 


N.i.'ll 


iwcsl  Si'ii 


I    l;  irl,.   olV    I',, lilt     I.iiIm 


\Vlii-llili„'  lliiiiy,  i.llllii' 
S.lllllll•.■l^l  I'iir.'illiiM  Lit; 
I'liilit    lliilirlil    l.l^lll'lliil 

I I'liiiil  t'li^  ^vlll^lll 

Alr.ilr.i/  Nhiiiil  l.i^lit  li 

lU.ii  k  I'liiiil   '. 

\i'rli;i  liiirli:i  Ishiiiil  l.i^ 


.><.   :ill     W, 


.  It  II' 

111  i:. 

r.lllli 

^ 

-,  1 

\\ 

llt-lll 

\\ 

,s 

-,  1 

\\ 

'    .  .  - 
iiuse 

N, 

W 
1' 

.\. 

7i'. 
1.1 

1' 

■lil-ll 

illsr   . 



N. 

i: 

■J-  inilrH. 

Ill  lllili'H. 

■-'."i*  lllilrs. 

•,'i  Mlili'M. 


.'.';  illili'H. 
'•k  mill'.'!. 


i 


I' (1(1  liKI.l.    AT    I'-dUT    I'liINT. 


riir  iron  iVaiiir  Work  sii]i|.iiit  iiii;  the  lirll   is  on   the  west  lace  of  the  inirthwest  Inistioil  of  tlio 

il  liclinv  the  parapet.     The  iii,ichiiiei'.\  for  ti'ippinvr  the  hainiiier  of  the  hell  is  on  t  he  south   fac^o 

:  llii   .-.line  liastioii.      The  liase  ol  tlie  liell  is  lo|l\   and  a  half  feel  almse  the  me. Ill  level  of  the  sea. 

Ilii'!ii'll  «eii;hs  line  tlioiisaiid   and   iiiiictv  two  pounds,  and  diiriiii;   lo.L;;;y  nr  thick  vwiilher,  ni^'ht 

I  ila\ ,  is  struck  li\  iii.ichinery.  uiviiiu  lilou  s  al  interv  als  of  ten  seconds. 

It  all  with  wcstcrl.N   winds;  at    otli.u'   times  it    is   heard 

null  it  m.i\  .siiiind  liiiiills    when 


S..iiietimes  this  hell  can  not  lie  li 


i\  y  lien 


a  \  cssei  is  close  iipiin  t  he    I'mi   I'oint   Leil'^c    r>iiii\ .  all  ho 


iiM'.isliif  It.  ."since  the  estalillshmelit  ol  the  lame  I'oint  I'oji  v\  histlc  vessels  dcpeiid  almost 
Uiiiilv   upon  the  whistle,  and  ;;eiiei.ill,\    keep  iiiolt'  on  that  side. 

In  pa.sMii;'  out  llnonuli  the  (iuliliii  (i.ile  in  a  thick  fo;;  »c  could  nut  lic.ir  the  fii;,'l)ell  until 
M'  \w':i'  .tlireast  of  it  ;  and  then  it  did  imt  sound  clcir,  lull  as  if  the  liammci'  I'cll  on  ilie  hell  after 
:»  iit^i  St n ike. 

/'i'<7  I'liiiil. — .V  iiiniiimolli  )(hh/<niu/.  painted  ('('(/and  iiiimliiui'il  '_',  has  lieeii  miIisI  itiilcd  for  the 
III!  sjiiii  |iiiu\   on  the  ch  iniiel  eduf  ot'   I'liit    Point    I.edue. 

Tills  hiiii\  has  Ill-en  anchiiri'il  inciuht  fatlioiiisol    w.itcrvviih    ,i    coaipar.it  i\  i'l\  .sluu't   scojie  of 


i.iui  iiiij  Willi  a  \er\   he. I 


ie.i\'\  .incliiii. 
Till' liiiiiv  hears  iioith  lil't.v  two  and  a  hall' decree: 
'  \  viiiN  li.iiii   the  lij;lit  house  on    the   furl;   ami   tlin 
■li"iii  "ill  under  the  fort. 


st     N'W'.'^'  \V.!  thii'c  hundicd  and  eighty' 
iiuilieil   .uid   l\ventssi\    viuds   t'roiii    the 


ll  --liiMlld  lie  L-iv 


ell  .1   u'oi'i 


1  licrlh.  Iiir    the   elili   ciiircnt    almi-  the  south   shore,  strilu'ulin,:,'  will 


■lii'clil. 


ciii'ients   from   the    II. i imi    .sill. Ill    ;iiid    ;i')rtliol'  Alc.it  r  I/,,  SW  ceps    in    on    the   lcil;;ewitl 


-I'i'.lt    I'lil  II  l'e;;nl.U   lui'ce.      (.See  desciipl  imi  of   Poll    Point    Ledj;e,  pa;;e   I' 


I'    ."111^;  out   throii;,'li  the  (ioldeii  ii.ite   in    a   tli 
il"'  i"'\  line  of  .scii  w,dl   illound   the    toil    w.is  visible,  b 


e   saw  the   nd  buo\  oil    Port    Point. 


loji'  w 

It     the    fort    Itself  W.I.- 


hiililcii    in    the   fo< 


<f! 


I* 


lint  was  know  n  on  the  ol 


ll    ."so, II 


lish  charts  us  Piiiila  del  t'anti 


III  is.'iii  it  was 


■Ulcii  I'lllit 


I  del  <  'astillo  ill  one  of  I  lie  I   .  S.  olhii.U  docuineiits. 


■bile  s;i\s  that  one  of  the  fealuns  of  t  lie  entrance  to  S;ill  PlMllcisco  li;iy  w;is  the  fortress  on 
ink  on  ;i  lii-h  rock  n.iiued  al'icr  .S|.  ,lo;u'liiiu. 
ITl'U   V  <• 12 


178 


I'ACIIIC    ri)\sl     I'll.oT. 


iiir.  NuKiii  siiiiiji'.  Ml    nil.  (Hii  iii;n  i;\ii', 


The  ;.'<'>ii'l  ill  iliici'l  lull  iil'  llic  iioi  I  li  sliiiii'  iVini  ruiiil  I '1(1111 'I  :i  li>  l.iliii'  I'liilil  Is  ikmIIumsI  I>\  imiil, 
liair  iiiMlh    N  1;.  I',\    N.  ]  N.!.  Iwu  ;iiiil  ,1  liiilf  miles. 

I'liiiil  I'.iiiiitii. — Tills  pciliil  mill  ilic  lijijii  ,ini|  to^  siren   Iuim'   been   I'iiIIn  descrllieil  dii  |i.ijt>!;i 


ami  li 


I'nlN  r    IH  Mll.c. 


This   |)iiiiit   w  liiiii  Ilie  >■  lle:iils"   lies  nmiliiMst   |i\  east  Iwii  thirds  rast  (NI'..  liv  !■:.      i; 


illlil  a  h.lir  llllle>  Ironi   I'tilllt    r>iiiiell.       Ilislilenl'    ruiiil    i'limeta   llie    liluh    nx'l.v    shore  ret 


reals  iMiiii 


than  li.iira  iiiiie  in  ihe  iimlhuaul  ainl  then  inns  ihmiIn  ea>t  <nie  mile  tn  I'nlnl  l>ialil(>.     '\'\ 


IW   {rllllll 

Is  a  \  ei,\  iiai  imw  ami  |>iei'i|nl<>iis  jir.iillaml  I  u  m  liiiniji'eil  ami  li'iir  he!  hl;;h,  ami  slamjs  mil  mii' 
el.uhlh  i>r  a  mile  s({iiare  inlo  the  (  HiMeli  dale,  with  ilee|>  walei  nil  Its  three  siiles.  'Ihe  niiliiiie  n|'  |||(> 
litdnl  Is  alimisi  le\  el  lor  a  ill>Iaiiee  uf  t  «<>  iiiimiicil  ami  sl\t\  \  anls  t'luin  the  extreme  |iiiiiii,  Imt  h 
lias  two  slight  liolclies  III  it.  The  iHller  uiie  Is  si\Iy  I'eel  lielnw  I  he  le\  el  <i|'  |  he  |iiiint  ;  llieji  |i>u|r 
of  1  his  is  a  soinew  hal  lirokell  line  to  1  lie  seeoml  mil  eh  «  hieli  is  aloiil  toil  V  01  IH'l  \  leet  dee  p.  Tjnn 
Ihe  hr^'li.  narmw.  ;^rass\  ild;:e  rises  1:1  pic  liv  In  liv  i'  heads  lo  the  mn  ihwaid.  ami  In  one  in  He  iv.n  htv 

II I  lie  lllindreil  and  sl\t\    feel  ele\  alinll.      There  |N  a  n.il  low  >.iml   lie  lei  I  norl  h  of  the   head  ami  I'Mi  iiii 


ili;;  one  (|narli'r  ol  a  mile 


toli a-tuard  111'  Ihe  mcK.     The  old  runiela  Ll-iit  I 


ouer  III  laliL;e  mlli 


tile  i\Iieiiie  iHiiiil  of  I'oiiil  jliaiiio  is  tlie  iiael»  lanuc  lor  crossin;;  liie  I'lesldio  Slioai  ill  llie  lic>; 
uaier. 

The  inn  en  Is  inn  u  ilh  \  loieiiee  and  irreuniarit  \  past  I'liinl  I  haido,  and  a  \essei  rlo.M'  iindei  lii  ■ 
and  tile  oi  her  hi;rii  priijeei  in;;  points  iiiav  lo>e  tlie  «  ind  u  lien  It  is  I  in  ill  ill  sn  miner. 

In  the  \  ielniiy  it  I'mnl  Diaido  tlie  laee  ol'  the  eiill's  is  of  a  redili-.li  purple  eoior.  Tiie  liH  k  1- 
veiy  hard  and  llini\  :  it  Is  travei.-ed  li.v  seams  ol'ipiartx,  and  lias  a  lianded  or  iielied  ^11  inline.  -1. 
that  il  leseinliles  \  ariell.'s  lit'  jasper.  1 1  exiiiliils  11  ^  sir.i  iiiied  eiiai  .nler  mo>t  disliiieli\ .  Tlie  ii'i 
species  tiinnd  on  I  iie  inner  side  of  tiie  ii.ir  are  pi  ol  1,1  lily  den  Mil  Im  in  I  lie  ili-.|nIeL;i,iI  imi  nl  iIu'm  n  il 
dish  elill'>. 


I'lolii    rollit    I'lalilo  we  have  ihe  loilowin;;  lieailll;;s  and  dlslanees  lo  pliiinilienl 


iilijee: 


I'Miiit  lliiiii'tj  l.it;lil  , S.    (•..",      \V, 

S.       1      w 


Niiiili  .-<Ml  I.'imK,  oll'l' t  I.oIk 

I'lirt  I'lMiii  l,i;;lit 


\k    iiiili'> 
".'J    iiiilf* 

1;.  l,'„  lllll^'^ 


I-iiiH'  I'liiiit  rej;-«  !ii>tl  ' 


N    :.l      1; 

Alcalra/  Ivliiml  l.iylit   N.    f.'      !■; 


,  mill', 
mill- 


I'li-iiliii  Sill mI  1! Ill i\ 

r.lirliii    l.i;;lil  (jirnali  lull  lrlr:;ra|ili  lli 


1: 


N.    Mi      1:.         M   mill- 


lliiiirlii  Ciirf. — Tins  Is  the  ism, ill  lil;,dit  inside  the '•  III  ads  "  liet  ween  i'oiiit  Monet. 1  .iinl  I'nii 
DiaMo.  linl  tlie  ii.iine  is  ueiier.illv  le-trieied  to  the  amlioi.ii;e  li  (ise  under  the  easieiii  >iiii|i'i'' 
I'niiil  I'.iiiiet.i.  riiiie  IS  a  deplii  of  lliree  tallioin->  rroin  mie  liiimlied  lo  t  v\  o  Inimlinl  .imi  i.in 
yards  troiii  tiiC  --hore,  very  j,'iai|ii.illy  Ineie.isin^  to  ei;;hi  and  ten  lailioms  tou  aids  Point  I '  1  le  :  Imi 
a  ii.ik  with  only  seven  I  ecu  leet  of  water  upon  il  has  lieen  loiind  aluiiii  live  Inindied  and  1:1  \  1  nii^ 
iioiiii  iiiirtlieast  (XNIC.)  110111  the  steam  hv:.;  ■.lien.  (In  Ihe  line  rioiii  t  he  I.il;1i!  hmi-e  In  ilie  iiirk 
ol'   I'oint   !  )laiilo  tile  depth   raiiu'i's  tlom  iIl^IiI   to  foiii  leeil  III  lionis  :    and   liisiile  of  tiie  I:  111'  if  H  li'S" 


A  I'liod  aiiilioi.i:_'e  ill  seve-i  and 


iiaif  r.iliioin--  e.iii 


ill'    ll.ld  on  (lie  r, 


ll'  till'  II 


Aleatia/.  Is'and  Just  shut  in  liehlml  I'mnl    Di.iMo,  and  Ihe  « )eean  Side  lloiise  on  tin-  iiiiiei  nli;!'  m 

(he  Seal   l.'oeKs  olV  Point    Lolios.       Pilots  lepoll    l\  ilii;   In   I  Ills  eo\  e.   elose   lllider  the  lie.lrli.         In  ,|V\ 
.sollllie.isl    ueatlier.       '{'here  Is  110  mooi  III  u  linii\    lieleeVeepI    a  sina  11  iilie   lin  media  lei  \   1 'I'   ' 

piaHoini  tor  the  l.ii^hl  liiiii-.e,  and  this  is  used  to  in.iio-  lasi    to   when   liie  sea  is  ^o  mi  ■'  ''■ 

Ileeessaiy  lo  keep  liie    lioat  oil   I'    •  loeks. 

Tiie  San  I'raneweo  piioi  hoais  lee  I  iii>  eov"  for  amiiiii,i;;e,  and  eoastin^  sehoonei  '  '''''' 

when  wailing  tor  a  uiinl.      At  several  pl.iees  in  the  lii^iil  there  is  a  sliorl,  ii.ii  row  sin   ■   .  ■     s'"'! 
lieaeh  at  low  water  at  the  fnot   (if  the  ciiirs.     This  aiieiiorai,'<!    is  .soini'liines  known  as    r;!iii  Cm' 


|ii«.  II  it  piece  of 
liilliiHii  ciirv  e  Is  I 
I. line  Point  i 
|iiHi'S  of  (jereiise; 
lliirliiie  limler  it 
till' pent  liy  III!' 
fiiiiiit  I'liiis  iiorii 
hit)  V  lids  from  I 
I'll!  t  ip  ol'  one  0 
I'lusi'  Hillside  of  I 
The  narrowe- 
s  Illlil  twenty  lie;; 
C'liii;  very  stroll;; 
Sill  li.iiiel.si'o  1; 
-iiiiliieiii  parf  of  I 

ill  I'^s;)  a  ste.i 
!■"  k  ell'  l.iiiie  Pol 
111.,  aid  «,is  ov  e 

'it.       Tiie     f|);r  f^ijr 

'  ;;li'''iil  feel  aliov 

•■  ;iil,  i>  e led   I 

i'.lilileil  Willie.      Tl 

■.  hhists  of  tl  II  Km, 

Siiiiie  siiipiiia'- 

■l"ii'  lliey  lose  th 

'•'111-  iiNlaiiee    the 

'•"'  !v^.      Tins  peen 

111  I'.issni-'   Mil 

'ill  ni.ir.  and   imi 

•  ll  '111'  lliilietil  ,si 


S?!  1 


I, imi;    I'lilNT. 


I'mm  Pol  II I   Mialilo  to  I, line  PoinI  liie  slime  line  eon  tin  iies  neaiiv   in  I  lie  .same  ;,'eiii  1  •'  .I'Ii-iIh'Ii 


from   I'oint    I  '.oiiela,  imi   I  lie  shore 


lie  holder  and 


more  prei'ipiioii- 


and   tile  illdell' 


'<ii;;lil.      I'm  III  point  Uialiio  lo  tile  e,i>tein  1 01  L  oil   Lime  Poi  lit  I  lie  inai  iiiu'  i-^  ii'H  t  ii  li'! 
rast  (N,  ."i|      1'!.  ,  and    ll.'e  dlstaiire  olu^   llilie.      II. ill    w.iv    iielweeii    the  Iwo|ii(lllls    11 


I      '1 


I'Arillc   CdAsr    I'll-nr, 


171) 


1/     t 


|,i\v.  lilt  picci- of  liiiil,  now  Cniiili'il  l>y  :i  water  liattiT.N  of  Iiisivy  ;,'iiiis,  alircasl  of  wliicli  tlic  throe- 
l.illiii'ii  cium'  i<i  tlii'i'i'  liiiinliril  \.irc|s  olV  vliuii'. 

I.  Ill'  I'oliil  is  lii;r|i  ami  |ii'<M'i|iiliiiis,  \>Jlli  |Im>  iiiiiiu>(liat<>  f'ari>  blasted  away  pre|iarati>rv  to  pur- 
iiiHi's  .pI'  ili'leiise;  tile  lieiu'lit  flireclly  Weliiinl  it  rises  li>  fiiiir  liiiiiilretl  anil  ei^jlity  feet.  Two  rneks 
liocle-e  iiiiJer  its  siiillieni  I'aee  within  the  thi'ee- latlioiii  curve,  liiit  lliey  are  now  coniieeleil  with 
i|ii'|ii.:it  hy  tlie  loose  roeks  thrown  down  by  tlie  l)lastiii;;' opeialmim.  The  easliMii  Caeo  of  the 
|iiiiiil  inns  noflhiioi  ihwe- 1  (NXW.)  I'or  half  a  mile  to  Horseshoe  t'oNe.  l'"oiir  hiimlreil  ami 
lii'li,  \  mis  t'iMiii  I  lie  p.  lint  111  t  his  si  ret  I'll  are  .some  hi^h  roeks  (-loso  ashore  ealleil  "  Tiie  Needles,"  • 
r'li' I  ip  of  one  of  llii'Ni'  I'lMiii  eert.im  diieetioiis  re>emliles  a  man'.-,  head.  There  is  deep  water 
,',isi-  .'iiKide  ol'  (hem. 

T  .'    11,11  lowest    put  of  the  (ioMeii  (l.ite  lies  lie!  Ween   I.illle  Point  and  I'ol  I   I'oint.  whieli  bears 


.mill  nveii 


tv  d 


e;rrees  ea 


■  I  (S.  'Jii     i;.),  distant 


se\cnei''lilhs  of  a  mile, 


Tl 


le   ciiiTi  It 


Is  set  liv  1 


V  I. line 


['■lint  \ery  slron;ily  ami  very  irre;;iil.irly,  ,is  the  eMi  waters  passiii;,'  out  of  the  northern  part  of 
^m  I'liliejseo  I'l.is  tlii'on^h  K,ieeooii  Strait  here  ,s|ni;rjri,.  \v  jth  t  lie  ehl)  waters  emiiin;;'  from  the 
viiiilii'i  n  part  of  t  he  li.i\ . 

I'm;  SIliN Ai.    Al'    I.IMl',    t'nlNT. 


>a,i 


III  |ss.!  a  ste.iin  I'ol,'  si:;nal  w,is  loe  iied  on  wliat  w,is  t'ormerly  the  eastern  and  most  ])roi(>(;tin;; 
uiii  (ilf  I, line  I'oint.  This  roik  is  alont  foiiy  feet  wide  and  two  hiindieil  and  t"  eiity-livo  feel 
iiii;;.  a'ld  w,is  over  folly  feet  hi;;li.  but  the  snnimil  has  been  blasted  down  to  a  h(i;;ht  of  twenty 
lit.  Till'  l'ii;C  siLTiial  hoii^e  IS  a  onestoiy  bi'iek  ,stl'iletiire  on  tlie  soiilherii  evtremity  of  the  rock, 
■,<;liti'iii  lii't  aboNC  liif,'li  water  m.irk.  'I'lie  kee|iei'sdwellinL;,  also  a  biiek  striietiiie,  t  wo  stories  in 
ii'iu'lit,  i>eieeled  iiilliiediately  lieliiiid  it.  twenty  feet  above  hiL,'liwater  liiaili.  Itotli  biiildiii;,'S  are 
,i;iiiiteil  wliite.  The  apparatus  is  a  I  welve  inch  steamw  histle,  of  which  the  eharacteiistit!  signal 
,>,  fii'd.vf.v  i>\'  till  sfroiiils  iritli  iittrrral.s  iif  thirli/  stroiids, 

.s. 1,111-  sliipinaslers  report  that  there  are  ceitiiii  ])ositions  in  liie  approach  to  the  ( lolden  (!ate 
\«lii-H' tlicy  lose  the  sound  of  this  fo^t  whistle ;  notably  about  the  vicinity  of  the  .Mile  K'ocks,  and 
Mine  (list, nice  thence   to    I-'oil    Point.      It    is    heard,  liowe\  er,  well   to  the  .southward  ot'  Ihi' Sual 


■fl 


us  pceiiliari 


IV  h 


IS  not   been  Vclillci 


111  ii.issiiii;   this  piiuit  to  seaward  in  thick  weather  we  noticed  that  the  si;,'iial  was  maikedly  a 
I    !!.  and  not  sharp  ami  reed  like  as  we  hear  the  Itoneta  Ni;;iial  when  close  to  it.      \\  e  did  not 

:  '  ;>    bnlicia  si;:iial  liiilil  \\ e  wric  past   l.iiiie  I'oint. 
I    1   ^ri>;;rapliical  po>ition  of  lame  I'oint  l-'o;;- whistle  has  been  determined  by  the  I '.  S.  Coast 

,  (.rnih'tic  Survev  as  follows: 


t..iMtlliii'   . 
l.uUllilllllr 


i|.  III    time 


r,'    'Ji'i    iiiprlli, 
•J-     \.i     west. 


e'.i"'  .'il'.'.P. 


M  i,iirlic  v.iriation,  .laniiars,  H-^" 


Itl    •il'  east,  and  incri'asiii''  (i'..i  aniuialh. 


Iiicctions  Ibr  passing;  thion;^h  ilie  (iolden   (iate  and  the  peculiarities  of  the  lame  i'oint 
ic  Sailing  Directions. 
Lime,  i'oint  Fog  whistle  we  lia\e  the  following  bearings  and  distances: 

I' mil  Dialil.i    . 


I     \\ 

Kim  k.  «\\ 

I'lMMl 

.-J.      t 

-      W 

lll.S,' 

,s;    '.,' 

'    i:. 

V           .... 

.<    T 

i; 

til   lliillst'. 

N ,  7 

;    1-;. 

ii.ii.-r  (iiiirlli)  Seal 
l'>'tl    I'.iiiit    l.i;,'!il  III 
I'li-iilio  Slinal    ltiio,\ 
A.ialia/.   Islaiiil   l.i;; 

Siilia    liiHM.'i  l,-laiii|   Ui^lil  liiiiisi- 

l,l'i  liir  l.i(;lil  (inivali-i  mi  'I'l-li-Klaiili  Mill     

I'liiiil  ('a\allinni.l  111.-  W.st   piiiiit    .Vii^il   Mainl  in  i^ 


1  mill'. 

.1}  mill's. 

1  mill'. 

I  ii  iiiilrH. 

'.',  Iiiilrs. 

."■i  iiiili'M. 

,>s,  -.■,    i;.  :;(  mii,-s. 

.N.  Mil      I'..    I  anil '.'.  mil.'S. 


N.  si;     K 


hiiiic  I'oint  was  kiiiiu  II  on  tin.  ,,ld  Spanish  maps  as  I'liiita  ile  .Santiago.     I'.eeciiey  named  it  in 
''miihI  .ipph.'d  till'  name  I, line    i'oint   PliilV  to  the   high,  sli.ii  | 


omt  one  iiiiai'icr  ol  a  mile  west 


lit.'  I'lMiiicr.     It  was  ii.uiied  Lime  i; 


!' 


I, I', 


•I,  1.'.  i, 


iiiggold  in  LS.'>0. 


tin:  .sii()i;i:.s  ami  t   i.  \: 


IN     lIli;    liAV    ol''    ,SAN     IKANCISCii. 


\V| 


It'll  a  M'ssi 


I  li;is  passed  ill  belui'ii  l".''i   i'oint  and  ijime  I'oint  she  is  eoiisidcrcd  t' 


I  lie  l.illh 


'1  till'  l;,iy  of  S.iii  l''rancisco;  ami  !  m  ilo.'iiiit  ion  of  the  shores  is  contiiiiied  as  Ibllows : 

"•III ''.inilh,, — 'i'his  comparati\cly  low,  bill  steep,  sharp  point  lies  norlli  IwciiIn  ih  grces  cast 

'    I       <li~t;inl    li,ill'  a    mile  froic    Liiuc    I'oint,  and    is  the  first  jioinl   onlhciuirlh    side  of  the 


l.^'- 


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33  WEST  MA  N  STREET 
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l'A(   MIC     CdAST    I>I|,or. 


15a,v  of  Sim  Franciscn  within  tliti  (iolilcii  ("latc.      It  is  ciu'litv  I'cct  mImjvc  tlic  sea;  it  piiiiiis  \ 
the  soiitli  siMitJM'ii.st  (S.  8K.),  iuiil  its  eastern   sluiif  riiiis  north,  a  little  o\'t'i'  oiieqiiartrr  cii 

to  Yellow  r.iiitr. 


">  mis 


ItctwtH'U  Point  <'a\alloan<l   Liiiie  Toiiit  lies  the  conlractcil,  sho:i!  Itoatlaiiili 


ii;:  of  // ■^h, 


CoiT,  will  only  si\  I'l'et  of  water  two  hunilred  anil  liilv  \arils  t'l.na  tiie  lieadi  aiid  lince  i  iili.niis 
at  iMMily  li.ilf  a  mile,  liehind  the  sanil  heaeh  of  the  cove  tiie  I.iimI  is  \.t\y  ami  rnaisjiy  Inr  .,  >||iiii 
tlistanee,  then  ii>inj;  sharply  to  the  iiioiint.tins  behiinl.  On  the  uestei  n  snle  of  this  cuv .  ,  i  im],. 
over  one  i|iiarter  of  a  mile  nortli  l»y  west  (N.  l>y  W.)  from  I.iine  I'oint,  stand  the  two  shn  |i  |i.iiiicii 
rocks  calleil  "  Thi>  Needles,"  already  ri'ferred  to.  They  are  im)w  eonneeted  wilhtlie  ni.nii.iilliv 
the  di'hris  from  the  Mastini;  opi'i'ations  on  the  east  side  of  Lime  Point.  A  depth  of  three  fiilidijisur 
wat<"r  is  t'ouiid  close  outside  of  them. 

From  Point  Cavallo,  Kaeeeon  Stiait  lies  hroad  open  to  the  north  northeast,  with  .Kn-i  i  Ubinl 
on  the  east  ami  Peninsula  l*oint  on  the  west.  The  latter  bears  from  Point  <'a\  alio  north  h  mi  .is; 
(X.  .3  !•',.).  and  is  distant  one  and  se\  en  ei;;liths  imhs.  I'lie  liroad  and  dyi-p  nnlenlatinii  l\iii:,'i(, 
the  northwestward  of  Peninsula  i'oint  is  know  n  as  Wirhardson's  Il.iy.  It  is  ipiili'  shallow,  .nm^ 
only  one  filhoni  at  low  water  half  a  mile  inside  of  Peninsula  Point  and  Sanrcliio. 

The  elilt  cnrients  set  by  Point  <"a\allo  w  ith  };ieat  force,  and  are  somewhat  irre^jiilu  mi  .i,' 
count  of  the  dii-eetions  of  the  out  rushiii;,'  waters  I'lmu  IJaeeoon  Strait  and  sonili  of  .\ii-il  Islin,!. 

On  recent  Spanish  charlH  Point  <'a\al!o,  with  Vtdlow  ISlulV.  \'  Inch  is  reall\  a  part  ni  .•.  n.is 
known  as  the  I'unta  de  ios  Cavallos ;  and  mi  the  old  Spanish  charts  as  the  Piinta  de  ."^.m  (  .11  S.s. 

l"»7')ir  /)'/////■  lies  six  hundred  yards  imiili  from  Point  Civalio  ;  it  is  precipitous  and  ilii'liill 
behind  It  is  one  hundred  and  ciu'hty  t'eet  abnx-e  the  sea.  There  is  a  sunken  rock  with  .s;\  :.ii  ni 
wat»'r  upon  it  close  iiihler  the  I'lilfs  about  mie  hundred  and  twenty  yards  e.ist  from  the  imiiJHMs! 
ern  extremity  of  the  point.  .V  depth  of  four  f.ithoiiis  is  found  two  hundred  yards  oiitsuli'  ilii- 
sunken  rock  to  the  I'us*  uorlheast,  and  then  the  bntimu  drops  suddenly  to  twenty  lallnKir-.  Th. 
remarks  about  the  ciirreni  s  nil'  Point,  <  "a\  alio  apjily  with  eipi.il  force  to  this  point. 

'l"iie  name  is  deiixcd  from  the  appiMiaiiee  of  the  bliilf,  which  is  rc.illy  llie  ea>lci';  Inr  .1' 
I'oint  ( 'avallo.  I".  ii!h  work  dcfeiisis  are  beiii;;  coiisiriieted  on  this  point,  and  tlic  i'.iie  nl  tin-  c  liil% 
is  partially  chaii;,'etl  by  tht<  slopes  of  e.irtli,  etc. 

SAfCKI.rii'    iiiVK. 

I'loiii  Yellow  IJIiilf  the  shore  trends  northwest  b.\  noitli  (N\Y.  b.\  N.m'Iic  and  on.  ,|ii,irii; 
miles  to  llie  w  iiarvcs  1)1  Sailcelito,  Midwa>o|i  tli.il  lim,  lllnlcr  the  stcipand  |iarllail>  \>iiiiilril 
>  I  lore,  is  the  ]iel  Ilia  lull  t  tidal  slat  ion  of  I  he  I,  S.  ('o,i>t  and  tieodcl  ic  Sui\c\ ,  Se\eli  ci::Iii1im'I  .1 
mile  from  Yellow  iilnlV  is  the  beiiilil'ul  lil  1  le  co\  e  nl  S.iiicelito,  tli(>  jiresciit  rciiile/\  miMii  tin 
yacht  llcetsof  .Sail  I'r.lliilsen.  and  the  old  ainhoiaye  ul'  the  forei;:il  and  .\lliel  icail  ineii  o|  nu.  iiiil 
the  whiliiiu  licit.  Tud.i.N  it  isllie  lemli /mhis  ot'  p.ii  t  <d'  the  w  heat  llect.  Tline  is  all' Ih'I.i;:  hi 
from  four  to  ten  latlioiiis  with  ;,'iiod  holdiiiii;  ^'loiiml.  and  with  the  adv  iiila;.'e  ot  l\  ill'.;  to  tii''  imitli 
wcst\v  aid  of  the  stmiiy;  cm  leiils  riiiMiiiij;  tliroiii^h  Ihe  b'airooii    .Sti.iit  and    past  Yellow   jl'iill  iii.il 


F.inic  Piiiiil,     The  I 


le'S    CO 


\  er  t  his  c 


i\e   liiiirli    I. Iter   than  I  he  siirioiiinbiii;  shiircs. 


■fl 


,1    IIIM 


load  around  the  shore  and    iiiiineious   hcaulifiil  \  ill.is   cliisici  iiiy;  on    the  slopiii;;  hilNi'l'-.    ."^I'l 
cellto  is  now  the  soniiiei  II  termiiiiis  of  till*  naimw  i^mu^'c  North   I'a<'ilie  ("o.ist    It.iilioad   luiire  tc 


San  It'afael,  Toiiiales  I'>a\ .  Piodc<'a   P.av,  and   the   i;u-.si;in    It 


l''ioiii   S.iiicclito   WIS  imhiii'iK 


derived  the  priiicijial  water  supply  of  San   rrancNio,  e>piri;dl>   lor  tlie  shippiii;.:.     'I'l 


(1  of 


lllcelilo  lies  th  ■  Itefoi'e  lliellt  iolU'd    I  tic  ha  I'd  son's   I',.IV. 


Oil  tl Id  Spanish  charts  this  cmv  e  was  kiiinMi  as  the  •■  1".  use  11  ad  a   ibl    <  onsidai  i"i 

n.imeil  .S.iiisallto  ( llllle  w  I   low  I  li\    Meccliev   in    |S_'(i.      On   the    pleselil    cliail  s     I  lie    liaiin 


Sani'eliii 


'Ihe  dcNcriplioii  of  It.iceoon  Siraitand  .\n;;el  Island  will  bei;i\eii  I'lirtliei  mi  aim 


1  .  11 


mill 


I  I    H.l- 


.l.iiiil 


in  the  bay. 

On  tlie*(ii(//i  Kill,  I,/'  till-  liiiij  the  tiist  point    insidi'  of  I'orl  Point  is  I'residio  Point. 

/'i/ v((/i()  /'l(/ll^— One  and  one  I  hii  d  miles  cast  of  I'urt  Point  the  shore  picst  ills  .1 
roiiiidiii};  point  iieaily  alue.ist  of  the  .\iiii,i  itock  Spiinlle.  Il  is  a  bare  sand  lieacli  ii' 
bv  the  Presidio  Wharf  and  oilicr.s,  and  well  marked   b\   the   Iioiim  s   and    iii'cs  011    n-    ■   '  li  I''"'- 

mli'f 

Slllllll 


....  !.■». 

hlokl'li 


lletwecii  this  point  and  I'mt  Point,  the  low  slime  leiii  ats  um  r  a  ipiartcr  of  a   mile   ~ 

the  line  joinin^the  two;  and  between  it  and  PlaiU    PmnI,  the   low  slioie   falls  back    I'l 

about  one  third  of  a  mile  to  the  mouth  of  a   simuh    which  drains   all   the  low   lands   l»  imiil  iIh' 


|.iiiiii       \  de|i 
Viii!     Itock  S 
Hie  cilire 
iiiiitlnaid  of 
iiiarlvid  with  i 

|i;l-i    ISd.) 

I'    ■,  a  ciiriiiii 

ii|i  \.\  I  III-  surf  II 
14  \,-t\  Imh  .  I  lie  I 
ami  lliii'U  II  11)1111 
n\"U  in  ili.iiiirli' 
.i\:iiii|'  'Il  ll.il  nil' 

>  tl'I.V    illllll'lllt    I 

.iirli'iit  IS  niiisl: 
iiinii's  .hmI  i'IIi'I'o.i 

|l.|\l    II'  I  II   lull 

'I'iic  shore 
illlil  I'll  I  led  on 

liiiiil  li\  the  S 

/.■;.i.'/,  /•(./ 

mil'  iin.iilcr  of 

;;  1:.,  iioin  I 

MlUlllUl'-l     (\V. 

sIlllH  s    lll^t     Ills 

with  a  s'l-ht  d 
III  |iiisiii>iii  aid 
list  Mill',  used 
l>iiiii:  Iti'liim 
III '  s.iiid  t'rom 

lllilii:|i_'s  \\Ayi\ 

sIiihhhl;  plain 

tl'j;llls  I  lie    po- 

iijuiii  II.  w  lids 

liL'lits  iif  the  e 

Till'  dcpll 

liV  llli'    -riillr  e 

ll'l't    III    I  lie   We 

III  III'-  iM.rlh  111 

I'l'illl    1:1.1 

lull 

Aiiili 

I'li-s 
All  ,■! 

■Si. I  I 

v.. .7/,  /•„, 
I'iisli'!!  evtrcii 
i'tlMhl  ll\  till 
ivi'lil  :  ll\  be 
O'lA  .  ■li'lisiM 
till'  >h  :■>  Imiii 

1 1     lies    IW 

null's  I  isi  b\ 
ii|iii|ii  eiii'  .s,i 
'•.^  '■'   -'  iNW. 
ijiiaiii  I  iif  a  ri 

sll'.'|i    I  ,,.,.  (,,  I 


•y 


I  iiast  .S| 


m 


I'Aci nc  COAST  I'lLor. 


181 


jMiiii'      A  <lc|)tli  of  tlirt'c  fsillioins  is  foiiiHl  <iiii-  iMiiiilriMl  uikI    t<-ii  v.ird.s  ol)'  llif  licacli  inside  thu 
Vhi:     Itocii  S|iin(ll«'. 

I  lie  ciiiTt'iits  iiic  mil  so  sli'oii;;  imiii>  iliiilclv  aluii;;  this  |i(iiiit  as  llicvarr  outside  or  to  the 
iiiii'tliAard  of  IIm-  Aiiiia  Unirk.  wliicli  lies  less  than  three  liiiiidreii  vards  Irotii  llie  point  and  is 
iiiaikid  witli  ii  siiindle.     (For  deseription  ol'  Anita  l.'ock  see  Uanp-rs  in  the  I'av  of  San  I'raucisco. 

|;    >  a  ciilioiiN  ami  illlcriMlillK  I'miI  IIi^iI  lln'siiiiil  ImmiIi   lii'twi'rii  i'lnr  I'uiiit  :i:i<l  I'lUil  San  .losi' lias  lii'i'ii  lliniwii 


Niirf  ii|iiin  nil  i'\l<'iiKiM'  alliivi.il  ili'|i<isit,  wliicli  liai  iIk'  i'liara<  Iii  hI'  :i   |ii'iI  Ii<>;,>  i 


iti|i.     Wlirii  III"  liilii 


iH  \ri  \  low,  till'  I'll.i;''  I'l'  f  Ii'"*  pi'al  (ni  mat  lull  iiia\  lie  mtii.  l,ai"L;»'  I'la^Mi-^  nt'  1  lir  [iral  air  aUo  liinki'ii  out  iliii  in^  slmiiis. 
mill  lliii'nn  ii|iiiii  IIk'  sain  I  >it  I  In'  Im  mli.  I'll  is  saint  ami  all  lln'  linisi-  i  niinl  Imiv\  MiI'i.  Iimhi  ilini-  In  •i.^lil  mhIi'v*  ur 
liiun    III  illaiiii'tiT,  Ii'st    ii|ii>ii  a  rMiimlalliMi  <it  Ilit-  (iiat  ;  ami  lie'  roiiliiiiial  ion  ni'  liii'  sa  m'  Milislami'   is  liiilii:!    ill  llio 

«»UIII)'  lit 


lilt  imailiiw  la  I  III  \t  Imli  lies  iii'<iili'  I  In-   lull  ol'  saiiil  ami  lirt  with  iI  ami  I  Ik-  lia'<i'  nl  I  lii'  .siiiiIkIhiii'  III!  Is.     It 


>  M'H  ililliriilt  to  an  on  II I  I'oi  llir  loiination  ol  I  his  swamp  iiiiilri  lomliiloiis  liKi'  lliosi  ;ii  inisriil  rMslin^.  A  siroii}; 
iianni  is  ronslaiitly  m'tlinu  l>ark  ami  loilli  lliioii;;li  llif  rliaiiml,  ami  llii'  arlioii  of  i',i'  siiil'  riiiistanllv  nmlrr- 
mitids  ami  I'mi'oarlirs  ii{ioii  tin'  lirarli,  so  that  tin-  |iirsi'nt  aition  is  ili'^tiiirtiM',  ami  tlic  sv\ani|i  coiiM  not  [lossilily 
liiivi  !>'  I'll  tniinril  »  lull'  tin'  linlilrii  tiali 


\\  as  o|N'ii  as  \vr 


now  timi  It . 


Tlie  siioro  line  is  now  pintected  IVoiii  alirasjiin  li.v  tlie  vviiarves;  and  ii  will  lie  \vlio||\  elianp'd 
Mini  iMiiM'ii  out  to  tile  tliiee  latlioiii  eiirve  livliie  opt^'at  tlioi'<iiiu|ii'ait'  prujei'ted  aiuniid  tliu  city 
front  li>  I  lie  State  I'.iiard  ol'  llarlnir  < '(iiniiiissioiieis. 

/.r'.ii'/,  I'oiiit  or  I'liiiit  Sun  ./ox/ .— This  is  a  stiiall  Init  bnld  and  mekv  point,  staiiiliiig  out  nearly 
mil' i|ii,iiler  of  a  mile,  and  Is  iii;;  t  wo  and  one  third  miles  iiniih  seveiilv  seven  de;;rees  east  (X. 
',',  v.. I  linin  h'ort  Point,  one  mile  smith  of  Alcali'i/.  Island,  and  three  i|ii.ii  ters  of  a  mile  west- 
Miiiiliuist  (W.  S\V.)  from  Nortli  Point.  I'^ioiii  P.laik  Point  the  summit  of  Verba  ISiiiMiil  Islund 
shows  |iis|  inside  North  Point.  The  point  rises  ,i  little  over  one  hundred  feet  above  the  water 
«illi  a  sli;;lit  depression  behind  it.  Il  is  covered  \vi  Ih  houses,  trees,  and  shrubbery,  and  has  giiii.s 
III  |iiisiiiiiii  around  it.  A  tall  tia;,' stall' surmounts  the  point.  There  is  a  small  wharf  on  the  north- 
1  is|  siili'.  used  only  for  military  purposes,  and  a  road  Aay  le  idino'  to  it  winds  round  the  faeeof  the 
imiii;  lii'liiiid  this  point  is  a  lar;;e  area  of  sand  dunes  whieli  havi^  been  formed  by  the  drift  of 
ill  •  s.iinl  I'loiii  the  western  beaeli.  I'lider  the  ea,-lerii  part  of  the  point  lie  several  very  lar;;e  biiek 
iiiililiiiiis  u.sed  for  factories,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  are  loi-ated  thr»'e  or  four  low  eleetrii;  li;;lits 
>liiit\iiiL' plainly,  anil  almost  ^larinj^ly,  from  the  water.  In  eomiii};  from  .seaward  in  dark,  clear 
ii'):lils  till'  position  of  I'dack  Point  can  be  readily  m.ide  out  by  the  comparative  absence  of  lio;hts 
ii|Miii  It,  whilst  aliove  it,  and  on  either  side  of  it,  especially  to  the  eastward, arc  seen  the  brijjht 
k'llts  ol  the  city. 

Till'  depth  of  water  iiiiinediatcly  under  the  point  is  four  and  a  ipiarfer  fathoms,  ocisisioiied 
li\  Ilir  sciiir  of  the  cm  rents:  but  thisdepth  is  only  in  a  blind  channel  bi'iMiise  it  sho.ils  to  lifleen 
till  In  the  westward.  'I'he  f-encral  thiee  falhoin  curve  is  three  linndreil  and  twenty  live  yards 
til  III''  iinrili  of  till  poinl. 

I'l'iii  lilack   Point  we  (;i\'e  the  following  bearinj^s  ind  distances  to  itnportaiit  objects: 


.s  7;t 

.    . .  .       ..   S  -'.» 

llltliollsi'     

N.  :i 

w 


lull    I'.iinl  l.iyhtli 

.Siiila  ItiirU  S|iinillt' 

rii'niillo  .slmul  lino 

Alraliiu   InIiiiiiI  l.li; 

.N. 11  III  I 'mil  I  I  wi'hh'iii  I'xIii'iiiiH  of  sia  w  all  i N.  Til       I'. 


ilo 


\V.         If    iiiilcM. 
\V. 


1, 


nil' 


\V. 


I  i',    llllli'H. 
'i   llllll'. 


\'''ili  I'liiiil. — This  was  formerly  ihe  norihwcst  point  ol'  Tclcoraiih  Mill  and  formed  the  north- 
I'lisii'! i:  1  \tieiiiity  of  the  city  of  S.iii  l'"raiicisco.  The  present  Noitli  Point  is  an  artilicial  shore, 
I'lnml  ii\  the  western  c\treinit.\  of  the  sea  wall  which  is  beiii;;  Imill  aioiind  the  city,  and  will 
iviiii  ll\  be  connected  ilia  direct  line  with  lilack  Point.  Cpoii  the  present  part  are  erected 
iii\  iitisive  woodi  II  warehouses  for  the  storaof  of  freight  received  frotii,  or  ;;oin;;  into  tin; 
till'  >li  ;is  Imiij;  aloii^  the.  seawiill. 


Il 


two  thirds  of  a  niile  eastiiortheist   ( I'l.  N  M.)  from    IJIack   Point:  three  and  one-ei;;hlli 


nulls  1  isi  by  north  one  i)narter  nortli  iV..  b.\  N.  \  N.)  Iroiii  Port  Poinl  :  and  one  mile  southeast 
"iii'M"  liter  .south  (SK.  I  S  )  frotii  southeast  point  of  .Mcatraz  Island.  It  is  half  a  mile  northwest 
''>'''  -'  (N\V.  by  \V.)  fiion  the  siimtiiit  ol  Tclco;raph  Hill,  which  rises  up  \e:y  sharply  at  one- 
'|iiitii"  of  a  mile  inside  the  sea-wall  to  time  hundred  and  one  feet  above  the  water,  with  very 


W',  i 


!.  ? 


y     I 


I'  iir 

ft 


sll'l'l 


to  the  northeast. 


I'oant  .SiiiM  \  |{r|ii.it  fur  IWif),  p.  :t><il;  rt'lioit  ol  I'rol.  \V.  IV  lllakr  on  llir  lo'olo;;.\  of  llir  (  oasl  of  Califoiniii 


w 


1S2  rAciiic  coAsr  i-ii.oT. 

I'uiir  I'allioiiis  til'  water  iiiav  Iti'  Inul  aloti^siilc  tin- mm  wall;  and  ('i;;lit  tatlioiiis  in  iln  rh.in 
iii'l  \va,v  halt'  wav  to  llu>  IWossuni  Hock  I'liioy.     Tlii'  ciinviits  ai'(>  <|iiit('  slrnii;;  aiitiind  th     jMiim 

Fiiiin  Noitli  Point,  t!if  wi's'crn  cxIitMnit.v  of  tln>  inrscnt  si'awall.  \vc  liavt-  llic  rilliiwin.. 
Iiearin^s  aiiil  tlistanccs  to  iniportaMt  olijft'ts: 

Itliuk    I'oilil S  TO  W  ,  iiLilr. 

AliMtni/  Isliind  l.it;lillniii»i' N.  lii  W  li  milrs. 

I(lii>>siiiii  l»i)ik  liiuij  ,  ill  fun  I  I'll!  Ill  mis N.  •."•.'  V.  )  iinli'. 

Viitia  Miiiii.i  I.ii;lil  liciiiM' N.  T.i;  I!  J  :  iiiilit 

Tlu'ii'  ail' (I)t'('t'nilit'r.  ISSI)  two  spar  Imovs  placcil  oil  the  wcsli'iri  cinl  of  tlic  ,sca  wall.     Th,  \ 

do  not   mark  danj;iTs,  liiu  an-  iist'd  lor  hivastiiKorin^is  tiy  small  \«'sscls  discliai'tiiiii,'  im  u i 

at  tilt'  w  liai  I'. 

TIu'  inaiino  rcjiortcr  tor  tlio  Mfnliaiits'  K\ilian;;i',  tlic  I'liilcd  States  leveniic  Imarcliii:;  nil.r.i, 
and  the  <|iiai'aiitint>  olliceis  of  the  port,  lia\i'  their  olliees  on  lie  wesieiii  <'xtreiiiii\  ni  tlir  m-.i  «,(!! 

Tildjriii.l  Hill  has  lieeii  paitially  deseiihed  on  pa;;e  171.  The  east  shore  of  ||u'  iiijj  \\:i.  i,,, 
inei'lv  railed  (.'lark's  Point.  The  eleetrie  iiiihl  iipmi  a  lii;.;h  mast  on  the  siimmil  of  iIh  h  ;i  i> 
four  htindred  feet  atiove  the  hay.  It  shows  over  the  immediate  waters  and  isof  t;ii.ii  mi-.hi 
therein.  It  also  shows  out  to  seaward  in  .several  tlirections,  liillv  deserilieil  in  the  adviii- 1,,  \,  ,„|. 
approacUinj;  the  bar  of  San  Francisco,  paj;e  L'14. 

ALCATKAZ    ISLAM). 

This  is  the  llrst  island  that  is  opened  when  a  vessel  enters  the  (Jolden  (late,  aiiil  aimii  ,; 
Lave  been  eonstriietetl  extensive  fort itli'at ions  and  a  l,i;;lit  house. 

The  island  is  small,  moderately  high,  and  because  it  stands  broad  in  the  line  of  tin'  rlijimrl. 
it  is  a  ea|>ital  mark  by  day  ami  ni;;ht.  It  is  about  six  hundred  yards  long  in  a  west  imii!Ii\m>i 
and  ea>t  southeast  direction,  by  about  two  hundred  and  sixty  yanls  in  breadth,  .iini  n>i^i.i.iii 
elevation  ol  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  feet  above  the  bay.  It  is  surinouiiled  li\  .1  nu^'ir 
of  brick  biiildin;rs  au'l  the  Li;;lil-ln»use.  The  surface  and  outline  have  been  greatly  cliaiii:i  •!  iim 
the  artllicial,  steep,  sloping  sides  with  vertical  rocky  shore  in  pi. ices,  tou'ellor  with  ilu  Iiikmii 
guns,  present  a  very  formiilable  defensive  ajipearance.  The  earth  tbrmerly  cnveiiiii;  tlic  im  l,y 
islet  has  been  removed  and  used  on  the  sides;  but  the  island  itsell  is  a  mass  ni  linr  yinnnl  .iml 
Very  eoMipact  siiidsione  of  a  dark  bluish  color.  Peep  water-markings  exist  iipnii  .ill  tin  iih|,\ 
proiections.  .\t  the  northeast  side  a  small  pier  has  been  built  to  rercive  stores,  iiriliiiinr,  iii 
Deep  water  exists  all  around  the  islandexcept  at  the  iiortiiwest  point,  where  foul  Imiin  h  iii,iKi> 
out  three  <ir  tour  hunilrcd  yanls,  and  is  in  fict  yart  of  the  long  subsurface  lid-e  Inim  'u  tin 
Prcsidio  Shoal. 

AIXAinAZ   ISLAND   LIGHT  IIOISE. 

Tills  Lighthouse  is  built  on  the  summit  of  the  island  about  one  liundrdl  ami  iiimt>  v.ii'i- 
from  the  southeast  point.  It  is  a  t-'ircular  white  tower  rising  from  the  while  dwellin;; :  il.i  il"iiir 
of  the  lantern  is  painted  red.  The  illuminating  apparatus  is  of  the  thin!  onlii  ni  lirMii!, 
illuminates  the  entire  hoii/on,  and  exhibits  from  sunset  to  sunrise  n  ti-ml  irhil:  liiilit.  Ilu-  lni;:lil 
of  the  focal  plane  above  the  base  is  thirty  six  feel,  and  one  hundred  and  >ixly  six  feet  aluM'tln' 
surface  of  the  bay  ;  it  sh()uld  be  seen  from  a  ship's  deck  under  ordinary  slate.-;  of  ilir  atiiiH^]ilirir 
at  a  distance  of  fonrieen  miles,  or  outside  the  bar  ol  San  l''iancisco. 

Its  geogr.ipliical  position,  as  determined  by  the  Coast  and  llcodetic  Siir\ey,  is 

Latiiuil.' :t:     r.i  •.".!    ii'itli 

l,(>IiKltiiil« I'JJ    V.'.'i    1"     wi-i 

Or.  Ill  tiiiii' -    O'.i"   ir.  •-' 

In  .January,  1SS"».  the  magneti(!  variation  was  I'J  '  .U'  east,  with  a  yeail\  iiiciiM-r  ut  o.i. 
I'roiii  Alcatra/.    Island   Light  we  have  the    following  bearings  and  .listaiiee.-  lo  piipiiiiiU'Hl 
points  in  the  bay  : 

I'lirl    I'liiiit    I.i;;lit  lidiiMC .s  Til  \V  •JJiiiiN- 

I'liiiil  Iliiiiitii  l.i^:lil-li<m»c S  CiT  \V  .'1     null - 

LiUH'  I'cilllt  l'ii|,'-»TliHll< !S.  7'J  \V.  J,   lllllrs. 

SciiilliiiiHt  pi.iiii  .if  AiiK'-l  IkIiiihI N.  '.'}  W.  I-!  mil.- 

lllark   Toiiit S.  I  1:.  I.    Ill; 

ItlimsHiii   licxk    Itiii.y S.  T'.t  i;.  I      in  N 

Anil  tir  llinl  Hiiik S  Kl  W                 n    : 

SliiiK  IJiM'k    N.  "^  W  I   iiiil.v 


I'ACUIC    CiiAsr    IMt.oT. 


I'Ud   IIKI.I.    UN    AI.CA'I'IJAZ    ISl-AND. 


1S3 


ii 


I  lir  rranic  work  sn|t|>iii(in;r  tlii'  lu'll  is  Imill  on  tin-  sonllu'iislciii  cxtrc  iriit  v  of  tlio  jshiiiil,  out' 
liiiiMiii'tl  ;iMil  niiiclv  Viinls  Ironi  the  l.i;;lil  lioiisc,  close  to  tlit>  Wiilci's  ('(liit',  iiui\  isclcxatnl  alioiit 
'iin;.  Ii'ct  al)o\r  llic  waliT.  Tlif  lirll  wci;;li.-<  oiii'  tlioiisaml  iinii  iiiiirt  \  l\\o  ikhmiiIs,  mihI  iliiiiii;; 
,1^..  or  lliick  wcallicr  is  >iiiii'k  li.v  iiiai'liiiin y  tirr  hloirs  irilli  I'uiir  iiiti mils  of  hii  sinnuls  mul  Ilic 
lii\l  li'iiir  Itilliiirnl  III/  III!  inti  rrnl  nf  lirnitij  tiff  srcinuls,  as  lollov\  s  :  Mlow.  jnlrr  \  al  ten  sccoinls  ;  I  (low, 
iiiiri\al  Icii    si'conils;    lilou.  iiilrival   l<Mi   sccoiiils  ;     Mow.   irilcrval   ten   .seconds;    Idow,  interval 


live  scconils.      I'llossoin  Hock  lies   one    mile   e;isl   li\   sonlli  ill.  lis   S  )  Ikimi  llie  I' 


'II 


liillielonl  uiouiel  Iwo  lininlieil  yards  soiitliwesl  ficmi  the  uesiern  iioinl  of  AliMliax.  I.skind 
lies  llic  wreck  ol  the  It.wU  Oliri  r  Culls,  It  is  marked  with  a  ///•(('«  /om//,  ^ind  is  more  Inlly  de.seriiiiMJ 
iiiiili  ;  Mie  head  of  l>an;iers,  |ia;je  !>«!». 

Ale. lira/,  is  the  S|i:ini>li   nan f  tiie  island;    ll"ecliey  erroneously  calls  il  Alcatrasses.     The 

|,«,il  II. line  was  IMrd  Islnnd.     In  early  da\s  it  was  the  resort  ol"  seals  and  sea  lions  mid  was  whiUi 


\\i 


ill  ilic  dejiosil  ot'  these  aiiiiiials  and  of  liirds. 
.\n  old  Spanish  chart  calls  tins  the  Vsia  de  Mai  .Mirl/.o. 


AMJKI.    ISLAM*. 

When  passing  through  the  (iolden  (iate  this  laiife,  hi;;h  islaml  Wears  alioiit  norlhnortlieast, 
.iiiil  i>  seen  as  iin  island  lor  a  very  short  time  when  in  the  narro\Nest  |iiirt  of  the  piiss;i;;e.  It  has 
all  iiii'i.'iilar  and  ludd  shore  liiu;  of  alxiiil  live  miles,  and  an  area  of  one  sipiare  mile.  It  rises  to  a 
lni;;li;  of  seven  liiindred  iind  scNcnty  one  feet,  is  coxcred  with  ;;rass  and  hushes,  and  cut  in  e\ery 
ilirci'iiuii  ii\  deep  ;;iiliies.  As  seen  from  the  .sonlheast  ward  il  appears  part  of  the  noitherii  iienin- 
Mila,  liiit  is  divided  from  that  on  its  northwest  face  1»\  Itaccoon  Strait,  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile  in 
whiili.  Iiaxinj::  a  depth  of  water  ran;;iii;,'  from  ten  to  thirty  fatlioins.  and  a  very  siroii;;  ciirieiit. 
I'liiiit  Khiiit,*  a  narrow,  lii;,di,  Jiittin.u  head,  makes  out  from  the  southeast  part  of  the  island,  liear 
lie  iiiMlh  three  (piarters  west  (N.  j  \V.).  and  distant  oni-  and  livcciiihths  miles  from  .Mealiaz 
hl.iiiil  I.i;;lil.  This  point  lias  scM'i'al  detached  rocks  around  il.  all  within  the  three  I'al  lioin  line. 
I'liiiii  tins  liea<l  till'  ;;ciieral  trend  of  the  soiitiierii  face  of  the  i.>land  for  o\cr  a  mile  is  west  liy 
.oiiitli  i\V.  liy  S.)  toward  S.incelito  Point.  I'or  a  (|uarler  ot' a  mile  olV  the  roiindin;,'  and  model- 
,itrl\hi^li  head  calh'd  I'oinI  Kno\.  and  which  is  the  soullnvest  point  ol'  the  i>land,  iln'  lliiee 
l.iilioiii  line  stretches  soiilli  one  ipiaitcr  of  a  mile.     I'oiiit  Stuart*  is  the  extreme  western  point ;  it 

coon 


nu'ks ,  narrow,  hi;:li,  ami   liold.  and   forms   the  southeastern   point   of  the  entraiii'e  to  Ifai 


.'^11,11 1.     The  inililaiy  post  on  .\n;4el  Island  is  in  the  cov  e  on  the  .smilh  side  of  I  hi. i  point,  and  f.ices 
limanls  Saiicellto  ('o\e. 

I>i  I'P  water  is  found  all    iroiind  the  island  close  to  the  shores,  t  .cept  olV  the  southwest    point 
.iinl  ii'i  l\\o  liiiiidred  yards  oiV  the  southeast  |>oint. 


m  > 


m  Hi 


•j.i'^ 


I'dii  Ul'.I,!.   <IN    ANni.t.    ISLAND. 

•  Ill  ihe  southwestern  extremily  of  I'oint  Knox,  which  is  the  southwest  head  of  .\iijje|  Isl.ind, 
iIk'M'  III'  two  small,  rocky  projections  aliont  tliiilv  teet  hiu'liainl  alioiit  twohnndied  and  lilly  \ards 
iil'.iil.  file  iiorthweslern  of  these  has  lu'cn  cut  down  to  alioiit  Iweiily  feel  al>o\e  the  water,  and 
'i|Hiii  ilic  leveled  surface  there  has  lieeii  elected  a  small  wooden  Imildiii;,'  toconlain  the  fo^' licll 
^iiM  ilii- iiiaelnnery  lor  sirikin;;  it.  'I'lie  kccpci's  dwelling;  is  a  sipiar(%  wooden  Iniildiii'.;  with  p\ra 
liii'l.ii  mill,  :iiii4  is  placed  iiumcdi.itcls   liehind  the  I'oj;  si^^ial  house.     They  are  all  painted  w  lute. 

Tlic  chaiacleiistit;  of  this  fo^  si;inal  is  that  ilniihli  hlnirs  on  the  liell  areslinck  at  inteivals  of 
Jiilirn  .vM'Kii'/.v.  |ll  has  lieeii  I'onslructed  mainly  for  the  lieiielil  of  ihe  ferry  trallic  lietueeu  I'oint 
Tiliiiiiiii,  111  Kaccoon  Strait,  and  the  cits  of  San  l''raiicisco.| 


II  u.c 


put  III  operation  on  the  ■_'<!th  of  Octolier,  l.sst;. 


Ihc  ;^eojrrapiiical  position  of  the   I'o;.;  si^^nal,  as  iletermined  by  the  I'.S.  Coast  and  Oeodetic 


>ill\r\.  is: 


l.aliliiili' 


M     I.'.     iiiMth. 


I ;,'iiii.i(- l•.^'    ■,'!;  :u    wc-hi. 


<  If,  111  tiiiiii 


-  •  ici'"  i(i".:i. 


'  .Naiiu'il  liy  Kiiiuniild  in  \'-<». 


'.:  :i.[    I 

;*...ijy» 


It 


\x\  I'Acii'ic  foAsr  ni.or. 

Kmiii  this  r(»^-si;;iial  we  >;ivf  llif  ti>llit\viii;,'  iMMiiiitjs  iiinl  dist.nhvs  to  iiii|i(irt;kiit  piiiiiis  i  i  •!„. 
bay  : 

I'liiiil  Siiiaii,  llir  \v<>i.iii  |iiiiiil  111"  Aiu.l  IhIiuhI N.  .Vi  \V.  \  iiiilc, 

I'liiiiiMiila  I'm  III N.  -.'  W.  I  null'. 

I.iiiii' I'lHiil  I'du  «lii>i|li' S   T.l  \V.  '.'J  iiiilij. 

I'oit  I'Diiil  l.i;;lil  liiiiiw  atiil    Itrll S.  il  W.  ;1,',  iiiili  s 

Alijlra/  Nl.iii.l  !.i^;li|.l >!•  ami  11,11 .-.   i:.  I',  •.'    t>:\, 

/I'dccoim  .SVniiMit's  on  till' iiiirtliwi'st  siil,' ol' Anirrl  Isljml  with  a  w  itlili  nt' not  h'>s  iIi.im  iidi  , 
iiiih',  a  I II I  has  (li'c|»  w  .Iter  liu'ii  leu  to  tliirt  \  l':ilh<iiii-i  ii\  cr  \  ai  i(>ii>  hiillniiis  :iii<l  \v\\  si  inii;j  i  im,  m^ 
Its  u't'iH'ial  ilirci'iioii  is  ncn  ih  iioiihrasi  ami  sdiitii  sniiiliwrst  i  N  M'..  ami  SSW.).  ami  tin  >,ii(il|. 
wfsi  |iiiiiii  ot' I'liliaiiic  IS  I'inliiMilii  I'liiiii  (III  tlic  iii.iiii  l.iml.  'I'liis  is  a  sliaip,  rncNy,  aiiil  ImiMIm'.hI 
111' iiiir  iiMinln'cl  ami  lil'lv  Icrt  rli'\  ainm.  ami  has  >i\  lalhniiis  of  wain  cIum'  ii|i  In  il.  'I'lii  i|(|.i|| 
.'i-ai-hi's  thii't.N  iiliif  t'al  iiiiais  alimil  t  vvi  hiimlii'il  \  anU  nil  I'i'iiiiisiil.i  I'ciiiil  ;  i>tV  rmiit  'riliiiinn  n  |^ 
llt'tri'ii  t'atliiiiiis;  ami  oil  IIImD'  I'liiiil,  tlir  mirtin'as;  p  ijni  .a  I'liliain-f,  it  is  ten  tatlnims.  The  ',.,>i 
(Icptli  ill  the  ('haiiiicl  is  si\  latlniiiisnlV  Hospital  Covr  on    Viii^fl  Islaml. 

Thf  t'lili  I'liiii'iil  si'is  St ioii;,'ly  thioiii;li  Ikai-iMiiiii  Strait  iliici'tl.N  towanls  Yellow  l;|ii  :  .m.i 
thciii-c  acioss  tovva'ils  I',  hi  I'uiii'  ;  aiiil  thr  llooil  cmifiil  is  felt  tlifiT  cailii'i  than  ii  any  oiIh  i  |i,iil 
ol'thi-li.iv   west  <il' Ah'atra/  I>laml. 

Ki't'p  hlilcll  Ni'ssijs  iiiiy  liMillIx  p.iss  I'liilii  sea  thn>i|;;li  thr  strait,  or  tViMIl  thf  llppii  Im\  |iii|Is 
scawMi'il,  a1th(iiiu:li  tin-  piiclici-  is  to  t.ilvi-  m-sm-Is  ilufcily  in  San  I'raiicisio.  A  new  triiii  i  i^  r.ir 
I  lie  Noiih  I'ai'itic  Co  i>l  llaiiioail  h  is  h.MMi  liaill  at  I'oiiit  'rilniioii  a  limit  iiinhvay  on  thr  im:  iii'.yi  ,i 
sidi-  otihi'  >trait.  ami  it  is  iiiicmli'il  to  jnail  ilrcp  wairr  \t's>iU  at  iliis  plari'. 

I'lii'  o|«Mniiu'  ot  llaiiooii  Si  rails  nn  wii  Ii  tin'  S.mI  I  locks  oil'  rcijnt  l<olios  is  the  |>ihits"  i  ,iii-r  Im 
leaving,'  San  I'rai.cisco  arross  tin'  .southi  rii  p.iit  ol  tlir  liar,      i  See  Sailing;  I  >iH'clioiis  ) 

Vl-.i;i!\    111  l.NA    ISLAM). 

This  is  the  inodcratt'ly  hi;;li,  l.irin'  islaml  opcnnl  to  tin-  south  aii'l  licyoml  .Mcati  i  I-I.iihl 
al'ti'i  I'liiiiin.;  till- <  MiMi  II  (ialf.  It  lirs  lift  Wfcii  tlif  north  tioiit  ol  San  I'ramisfo  ami  I  lif  < 'ikl.iihl 
pif  IS.  Thf  Wf-tf  rn  point  dl'  i  he  i>l,iiiil  is  nnc  .iml  ihicc  cpiai  li-i  s  m'lcs  mn  tlnast  li\  iM>t  M,.  Ii\  K. 
rroiii  Tt'ii-i^raph  1 1  ill,  ami  t  wo  .11  it  1  a  hall'  niiics  imsI  h.ill'  muiiIi  i  I',.  \  S.  >  t'roiii  the  Liuhl  on  .Mr  1 11,1/ 
Islaml.  Willi  sleep,  II  re;;iil.ir  siiles  il  r.Melies  ail  elevation  dt'  three  II  II  III  I  red  ami  I'ui  t  \  I'm  II  in  •  m 
the  Slim  in  it  of  I  he  l  id  ;e,  w  lieh  lies  nearls  e  1st  and  "  e>l.  1 1  is  eo\  eicd  w  llll  eo.ii-,e  ;,'!  .i-'-.  Mii>lii», 
and  a  lew  .sei  ilMi.v  trees,  lint  (he  .shores  near  the  xn. iter  are  idiij:h  and  rocky.  (  hi  the  soiitliMshiii 
or  S.lli  I'r.ineiseo  side,  the  water  IS  ipiile  deep  elosy  in  >hoie,  liiit  lioin  the  IMirtliwest  poiiil  .1  .  \ii  n 
,sive  slio.il,  ii\  er  li.iir  .1  mile  wide,  stletehes  line  and  oiii' i{ii.ii  ler  miles  to  the  Ilitl'thwesl  i.  .mili 
(  N  W.  Iiy  N.  .  The  outline  ul'  this  slnvd  is  \  ei  \  re;.'nlai ,  and  the  approaches  toil  steeji  nn  .  >  \o'si 
side,  lull  on  the  iidi  I  lie.isl  Mde  II  deepen^  ul  adiially  and  lias  a  iiioie  jire^nlar  oiilline  tuu  juls  thf 
deep  clianiiel  on  the  nor  I  Ilea  st  side  III'  I  he  isl.ind.  The  depi  h  of  w  .Her  iiii  this  slio.il  i.iiiu'e^  Im  i'  i>ii<' 
to  ei^  III  cell  feel,  the  least  w.iier  lieiii;.,'  near  'he  iioiIhea>t  point  ol  the  i.sland.  There  is  aN"  1  ^Ii'mI 
lliakill;^  out  son  I  he. I  si  v\.ird  fioiii  the  sMiitheasI,  nr  Huht  hoii-e,  p.  1111 1  nf  the  i>l,im|  fnr  lun  I  1  nlinl 
and  twenty  y.irds.  riiehM>l  w. iter  on  11  is  tifieeii  feet,  and  it  has  a  pocket  nt  deep  w  ,ilei. -1  v  I'lilli 
oms  and  over,  inside  of  il  and  close  iimler  this  pom'  ot  the  isl.iml.  i'he  line  uf  fniii  f  i:iMiii>  i> 
nearly  h.ill  ii  mile  e.ist  li\  sdiiiIi  1  I',.  Ii\  S.  1  from  this  pnmi  uf  ihe  i^laiel.  so  thai  deep  huh  1  ^  e>M-N 
lea\iliu  lie  Oakland  I'ler  slnnild  sleer  south  until  .\  Ic, it  ra/.  Isl.iml  i>  well  opened  lo  Ilie  s.'i'livt.ml 
of  Verli.i  limn.i  I.sl.iml,  liefore  haul  in;;  up  lo  t  he  iisii.il  .inchoraue  nil  the  i  ily   I  rout. 

I.K.IIT  llursf.    iiN    M;itl!\    III   l.NA    l.'^I.AMi. 

l"or  the  lieiietit  of  the  feri.\  lialhe  lielueen  S.iii  I'laiieisco  and  Oiklaiiil,  and  Ini  H"  aIhiI 
vessels  lo.idiii;.' at  iheeiidof  the  r.iilload  wli.irl  slieicliiii_'  t »  o  and  oneliflh  miles  lion,  ■  1  i.ik 
land  shore,  a  la;;lil  house,  to;;  iiell,  and  st4'aiii  \\  hislle  li.iM'  lieell  eslalilisheil  nil  thi-  im!.  .  l  ire  nl 
the  sonllieasl  pninl  of  the  island.     'I'he  low,  hev.iuon.il,  wn.iden  lower  for  the  l.iLrhl  w  hn    •  uii  tin 

pi;eh  nf  the    liirky   point    aliolll   tWenlV    yards    t'roill   tin-    shole  line.      The    keepers"  d"  1  I'      ;  of  I'll!' 

and  a  half  stones,  p.iinted  li^ht  liiitV,  i>  liiiilt  lii;;her  up  the  hillsule  m  the  rear  ot   the  I"  H"' 

tower  is  painted    li^'hl  InilV  and  the  latileiii  and  dome   led.     The  illiiinin.itiii;;  app.ii  ilu-  -  "I  lli' 

liftli  orilei  of  l''icsiiel  and   illiitniiiates  the  lioii/oii  two   hundred  and    forty  de-iees,  Imn  'ilii  h) 

fast  li.df  east  (N.  Iiy  K.  .\  K  )  round  liy  east  and  south  to  west  (W.);  ami  to  the  westwii  .s  linn' 

ul'  visiliditv  is  on  a  line  to  Point  Caviirn*.     It  was  lirst  exIiibiU'd  in  "..ST."*  and  shows  Iihu,  I'lsct  in 


^   Ml 

e  a    ./(.. 

iiM 

he  foea 

1  :.' 

slnudi 

i;.ii, 

1  open 

" } 

lie  {,'»•(), 

1.0 

Or 

le  Ma:, 

1 

iom  Ye 

I'm 

I.M 

I'nl 

r.i 

iTv 

Kim 

Il edial 

iiivs  iMinted  1 
lila.sis  I'iDir  xrri 
i<  laist  il,  or  it 
:i,iih   I'nl  opel 

I  lie  shoal 

I'i'.ii  nn,  whi( 

1 11.  ally  t 

,  iim^aml  w  In 

>-'ii.  j.uc  it  t 

i.lllnl  (.hole    I 

DAN 

Nn  hidden 
•:•  '\  upon  till' 
Ki'iii  1.1. 

i  -ide  the 

/    .    Mil,   I, 

h"l   I'niiil 

-iiiil'.iei  II  edy:e 

!■«■!>  1.1  s  one  hi 

I'l^lil.  .Illd  IliLS 
•li''|ii  11:11;:  III  s 
i"i  h  !i.  •.  line  hi 
^'  1'  N.  Iroiii  t 
.iii-iiM>ni;,'  ver\ 

'"Ml,  ics  .Sl\t\ 
'Iri'il  Illd  (Ifty  t 
.11  l(i»  uater,  li 
iiiraiiu'e  with  11 
ViiriN»,.st  iiali 
Tiis  led-e 

'JIllM-r    177. 


'I  >  shoiil, 
''"'It'll,  ly  of  a 
l>l.i'iil  Inwards 


PAt'lKlC    COAST    lil.oT.  185 

>iiiii  -I'  i»  Ji.Ti'il  whilr  Uijht.  Tlio  Itast^  of  tlit*  towt'r  is  scvi'iit.v  livti  ft't't  iiltovc  \\w  lovcl  of  tin-  sim, 
,111,1  he  I'oi'iil  |iliiiio  IS  twcntytwi)  fft-l  ahnvc  Hit'  liasi>.  In  i>nliii:>v,v  stales  iit'  Hit-  aliiios|ilurc,  tin? 
|.i;:l  !  sliniilil  lie  seen  at  a  tlistaiicc  of  lictuft'ii  t\v*-l\c  anil  tliiitrcn  mill's.  It  ran  lii'Si't'ii  f't'oiii  Point 
Hull,  i  I  opi'ii  to  till'  nortli  of  Fort  I'oiiit,  anil  fViiiii  tin-  iniililli'  of  tlir  (ioiili-n  (iati'. 

I  III'  t;i'o;;!'a|iliiral  position  of  tliu  la};lit  lioiiso,  as  ili'ti'iiiiiiuil  li,v  the  Coast  anil  (it'oik'tic  Siir- 
\  ('\ .  I  -^ : 

I,:ililM(lc' ;i7       t-      ■,'!       uiiilli. 

l.oMnilii'l''   1'.'-'       '.'I       !.■>       wchI. 

Or,  III  liini' n''    iK.i"  '^-.ii 

Till'  Ma;;ni'tir  \aiiatioii,  .laniiary,  1.SS5.  was  1(1    ;U'  cast,  incioiisiii;;  0'..'{  aiiniially. 

I  Mijii  Yi'i'lia  lliii'iia  Lif^iit  w**  liavf  tin'  loilo\vinj{  lu'arinj^s  ami  ilistani-i's  to  pioiniiii'iit  points: 

l'iiiiitr:i\;illii  I  iia^-'Mii;  J  iminl  S.  of  Alcalra/.)  S.  -i-  \V.  Til  inili's. 

I r  I'liiiil  l'o);\vlii>.||n  S.  -r.  \V.  :>\  iiiili'K. 

I 'ill  11 1  I  li  II  III  II  1,1;;  111  hull  SI' S.  77  \V.  »  Ml  Mrs. 

I'liit  I'liiiil  l.i);lil  ( |i,'(s.sjiii;  just  rliMi  nl' lllai'k  riiliit ) S.  71  W.  .'ij  iiiilrs. 

Kniy  .sli|i,  fiiiil  111"  Markrt  sinri,  S:iii   riaiK'lMrii .S.  I-  W.  \\  iiiili'S. 

l>ry-iliMk  at  lliiiilir's  I'niiil   S.  ','(1  K.  Ij  iiii|i>M. 

Kiiil  of  Kailriiail  I'iri,  rxli'iiiliii);  rriiiii  Oaklaiiil NK.  I>y  1).  I  iiiili'. 

K(Kl-8IONAI.   UN    Yi;i{ltA    llllC.NA    ISLAND. 

Inimctliati'l.v  oil  tin-  sliori'  lini',  iimliT  Hie  Li;jlit  Iioiisi',  are  ereeieil  the  small  fo};si;;nal  stniet- 
iins  I'.niiliil  !ij;lit  liiilf  wiiii  mol's  of  ilaik  red.  The  fofj-sif^iial  is  a  leiiinrh  steaniuliistie  ;;iviii^ 
(./ii\/>  'i>i/»-  siriiiuis  hnij  with  intnrnls  nf  sirlirn  .sc  h/k/.s.  I>iiiiii;j  the  liej,'innin;;'  of  a  fo^, until  steam 
■iiai-Mil.or  if  the  whistle  is  ilisalileil,  a  lull  is  struck  tit  iittornls  of  ten  sironils  until  th«  wliLstle  iti 
ivai!\  fill  operation. 

rill'  >lioal  reai-hin;;  northwestwaril  fioiii  the  north  side  of  Veilia  Itiiena  Isl.iiid  is  marked  liy 
, I  111', null,  wiiieh  is  desi-rilted  iiniler  tlie  head  of  |)an;;ei's  in  tiie  Hay  of  San  l''r.iii''iseo.  paj^e   IS.SS. 

iiiiarlv  times  ^'erlia  liiieiia  Island  was  densely  eoveied  witii  wood  and  was  Known  to  iiavi- 
:;,iiiu-  and  whalers  as  Wood  Island,  i  )n  old  Spanish  eharts  it  was  ealled  Isia  del  Carmen.  IJeeeliey, 
b.'il,  ;:a\e  it  the  present  name.  It  has  iieeome  loeally  known  as  (ioat  Island  ;  on  a  late  map  it  is 
nili'il  (ihote   Island. 

DANv'KU.S    INSIDK    IIIK    llVIt    l»F   SAN    FUANl'ISfO    ANI>    AIDS   TO   NAVDiATION. 

Nil  iiiddeii  dan;;''rs  exist  outside  the  "Heads"  of  San  I'^raneiseo  May  exeept  roeks  immedi- 
ililv  ii|Miii  the  shore  line,  and  the  sunken  roek  de.si'rilied  oil' the  old  li;;lit  lioii.se  tower  of  Point 
Ki'iii  I.I. 

Iii^ule  the  Heads  the  known  danj;ers,  visilde  and  hidden,  are  few  in  numlier. 

Till  Mill'  U(nks  inside  Point  Lolios  have  already  lieeii  deserilied,  pa;;es  I7.">-I7(i. 

/.n7  l'i)iiit  /,((/'/»■.— Oil' I'm t  Point  lie  se\eral  sunken  loeks  forming;  a  daii;;i'rous  h'd;;e  on  tho 
■"iitlit'iii  ei|;;e  of  the  fair  way  ehannel  of  the  (ioldeii  (iate,  liiit  elose  under  the  shore.  The  lirst 
I'lcK  lis  one  hundred  and  fifteen  yards  olf  slmre  northwest  hy  north  (NW.  by  N.)  from  Fort  I'oint 
l.ii;lil.  .iiid  has  nine  and  a  half  feel  of  w, Her  on  it,  with  three  fathoms  elose  aIoii;^side;  the  water 
•liijii  iiiii;:  to  se\en  fathoms  at  a  dislaneeof  one  hiindietl  and  seventy  yards  outside.  The  si'eond 
iihI,  111",  oiie  hniidred  and  t  weiily  yards  olf  shore  northeast  liy  north  tlireeiiuart«"s  north  ('SI'.,  iiy 
^  I  N.  liiMii  the  I.in'ht.  with  eleven  feet  of  water  on  it  and  four  fallioiiis  elose  outside,  the  depth 
.ii(iri>!ii:,'  vers  rapidly  towards  the  ehannel.  .\  third  sunken  lock,  with  only  seven  feet  of  water 
""  it,  1  cs  sixty  yards  south  soiillnvest  (SSW.)  from  the  nine  and  ,i  half  foot  roek.  ami  one  liiiii- 
'ircij  mil  llfiy  live  yards  north  lil'ty  three  de;;rei's  west  {N.  ."»''P  \V.)  from  tlie  l,i};ht.  .V  roek,  liare 
•il  liiu  uater,  lies  halfway  lietweeii  the  seeond  sunken  rock  meiiti.intd  and  the  shore,  and  nearly 
iiiiaii-i- u  jth  the  eastern  line  of  the  Fori;  whilst  another,  liare  at  low  water,  lies  one  hundred 
v.inls  «,.^|  half  .south  (W.  S  S.)  from  the  last  one. 

Tins  ledire  is  now  marked  by  a  miimmotk  huh  huoy  pninteil  red  and  miinbered  2,  as  described 
'Ji'I'.i.i:'-  177. 

I'UKSIDIO   SHOAL. 

This  shoal,  hiiviiifi  as  little  as  three  and  a  half  fathoms  upon  it,  is  in  faet  the  southwestern 
'X'nii,  IV  of  a  lonj,'  submarine  rid),'e  wliieli  stretehes  from  the  iiitrthwesterii  part  of  Aleatraz 
l>l.uiil   "Wards  Fort  Point.     The  (he  fathom  .southwest  tail  of  this  shoal  lies  fourtiftlis  of  a  mile 


ti 
I? 


'i 


i 


ill 


Nil 


ISC 


I'ACII'IC   COAST    ni.nr. 


inside  Koit  Point  ljif,'lit,  ami  Ixmis  nortli  sixt.\  ili';;n'cs  tMsf  (N.  <i(l  '  M.).  or  halt' ii  imiiii  i  .  ,  i>| 
uanl  III'  tlic  line  lu'twccn  tin'  l,i;;lits  on  Koil  Point  anil  A  lea  Ira/.  Inland.  'I'Ih'  |tassa;;c  liiivu  i  ii,,, 
tail  of  this  shoal  and  the  tliit't-  lathoni  line  nndcr  the  !''oi't  Point  shore  is  one  third  ol  .1  ;iti|.' n, 
width  with  ;:<>od  water  over  lirown  iniid  and  sand. 

le.isl   three  ipiai  li|  >  ,•  |>t 


The  ;;<-neral  direction  ol'  the  shoal  towards  Alealra/   Isl.ind  is  norll 


(>'!''..  ,'  I'..)  lor  one  anti  a  half  miles,  then  north  (N.i  lialla  mile,  then  norihea^t  three  i|naiii'i.>  |.,|,| 
(Nl'l.  ,'  K  )  to  the  west  »'nd  of  Alealraz.  It  is  a  narrow  rid;je  not  o\ei  one  eiuhtli  oi  a  mile  .ii-iii>v 
inside  the  si\  I'athom  lines;  the  liottoin  is  sand  and  tine  ;:ia\el,  doiilil!es>  lormed  li\  ihr  .iriiun 
of  the  ehti-enrreiits  liom  the  northern  and  sonlhern  pails  ol'  San  I'laiiei^eo  11, i\.  The  di'iiijr  iiiiiiu 
ihis  shoal  ranjjes  IVtna  thii-e  and  a  hall'  to  seven  lathoms.  Tlieieau  Iml  Iwnor  linei'  -.imii^hiii, 
tour  fathoms  and  less  upon  lliem,  ami  the  spots  with  live  lalhonis  are  limileil  lo  the  I.iil  1!  (in 
siioal  ami  to  a  small  pateli  seven  sixteenths  ot'  a  mile  south  si\t\  Tin  e  de;;rei'>  east  (S.  ti.'i  |;  i,,,,,, 
Aicli    lioek. 


The  deepest  water  npon  it  is  w  hen  the  I'la^^pole  on  Mlaek  Point  liears  south  lilts  ei^lii 


east  (S.  .VS    !•;.)   and  the  Ia;;hl  house  tin  Aleal  ra/.  Island  Immis  iioith  I'orlN  lonr  de;:ii 


MM     Nil 


10. 1,  with  Sha;;  lto<'k  jnst  open  to  liie  east  of  .\ieli  Ifoek  ;  here  not  less  than  si\  and  liner  Mii,irlel> 
lathoms  ean  lie  eariied  over  it.  The  pilots  use  the  raii;:e  of  the  Old  hoiiel  1  l.i;:ht  town  mi  ihi' 
extremity  of  Point  Diablo  for  erossiii;,'  it.  When  the  l,i;,'lit  was  located  at  the  olcl  lionet. 1  |ii\m-i  i^ 
was  also  a  favor.tlile  ni;;ht  r.in;;e.  I!ul  when  the  fo^  sets  into  the  (ioldeii  <  late  tin-.  Ii.hL  1  ii,m,. 
is  lo.^t. 

I'nxiili'i  Sluml  llnoy. — The  tlireeand  a  half  t'allioiii  patch  near  the  tail  of  the  slidal  i^  miiKi'l 
hy  ii  stci'iid  clit.w  <  lilt  litii'ji  iiiiintid  rcil  mul  hlaik  lioii'.onlnl  xlrijKs,  li  lies  in  lueiilvoin'  lici  nt 
water  ami  vessels  iiiav   pass  in  safetv  on  either  side  liv  ;,'ivinj;  il  a  licilli  of  lillv   v.inK. 

l''idm  tins  liiiov  vve  have  the  followin;;  lieariii;;s  and  disl.inees  to  |iromineiit  oli|ects: 


I'lirl  I'liiiil  l.ifililluiiiM' s. 


A 11  It. I  III"  k  S|iiiiillr 

Alratra/  Islami  l.i;;ht  Ihhim' 


S    I  I      Iv 

N   1-     !•; 


U  linir 
;  mill' 


I  •  iiiilr 


.\rch  rock  is  on  with  the  southeast  point  of  .\n;;el  Island. 

The  shoal  was  naiiu-d  Itv  the  Coast  and  (ieodetie  Survey  in  IS.'iT  ;    it  i.s  localiv  known    i,.  il 


pilots  and  others  as  the  "  Middh-  (iroiind.' 


ANIT.V    IKM'K. 


This  rock  sliovvs  aLove  water  at  the  lowest  tides,  ami  is  less  than  three  hundred  v. 11  i-  rimn 
the  lov  shore  under  tlii>  Presidio  of  San  Praiii-iseo,  and  directly  olV  the  Pi<sidio  whaii  »lii'v 
extremity  in  three  falhomsof  water  lies  tvvo  hiindreil  and  liflv  van  Is  south  of  the  spindl'-  n  .ukn  ^ 
the  rock.  It  lies  one  and  one  eij;litli  miles  north  ei;,'lity  !e;;iees  east  (N.  ,s<>  IC.)  finiii  I'm'  I'.Hi!! 
I.i^'ht.  Theie  is  dee|i  water  all  aioiiml  it  and  a  jiassa;,'!'  with  .seven  fatli..iiis  of  walir  lici...eii  il 
ami  the  shore.  The  sho.il  patch  within  the  three  fathom  eiiivt'  exieiiils  fuitv  vaids  .sonih  ami 
sixty  yards  west  of  the  rock.  The  currents  set  stron;;lv  across  the  rock  ainl  slio.il.  ,iiiil  mv^mN 
should  not  appro. tell  this  rock  to  the  nortliwartl  within  a  ealile's  leii;;th. 

Anitii  A'dc/,  SiiinilU. — Tin'  rock  was  forim'ilv  marked  li;  a  liuo.v  Iml  it 
iron  spindle  secured  in  ihe  rock  and  proiectiu).'  twenty  four  feel  aliove  hi;;h  water.  riii~  >|iimil<- 
IS  ciiiwiied  with  III  iniii  iiuji  nine  t'eet  Ion;,'  ami  live  feet  in  diamelei.  painted  in  ln'i  i.nnt'l  \>.n)ns 
hhnhiiiid  »•(■(/;  and  aliove  thise;i;,'e  is  a  ;,'lass  ylolie  twenty  two  inches  In  diam'lei  and  tlutv  leiii 
feet  aliove  hiv'h  water.     This  ;:lolie  will  show  liri!:lit  in  ordlnarv  weather. 


is   now  Mi.irki  '\    li\  .111 


T 


ic  spll 


nlle  IS  to  lie  left   oil  the   slarlioard    hand    liy  vessels  elilciiii;;.  Iml    iiia.v   1' 


either  side  liy  small  vessels.     To  avoid   it,  keep  Point  lioneta    l,i;;ht  upcn   to   iioiilnv.ir< 
Point. 

From  tills  lieacon  we  have  the  followiiif;  lieaiin;;s  and  dislaiiecs  lo  |ii<imiiienl  oli|rr  (s 


.1   I'.u: 


I'l.rt  I'.iiiit  l.iHlil  li'ii!--'-     

Airalia/  l.'<hiiMl  l.i;;lit  liniiii' 
Itlu.k  I'Miiit  ri:iK  stall' 


\V  Ij  111. I. 


N.  :i-     1: 

.\.  :r.     1;, 


I       Mill.'- 

1;   m- 


I'l.slili,,  Sli.i.ij  ISii.iv    Nil     ^V 


Anita  Hock  was  named  after  the  United  Stale.s  <|inirtermaHter's  bark  Aiiiln,  which  -1       k  ii|" 


il  nianv  vears  since, 


West •.sonili west  (WSW.)  one  tpiarter  of  a  mile  from  .\nitii   Kock,  ami  immediately 


three  lalhom  line,  lies  a  nmull  yranl  slioal  upon  which  a  depth  of  live  feet  of  water  v 


III.' 


I,:    :    i.  "Illl 


Tins  is  a 
iImiiiI  liiiir  fee 
till'  iliv  siasiii 
It  is  iiie;:iilar, 
the  ^iiiitheast, 
.■:ili'il  nearly  t 

Willi  tills  CXC( 
illtci  'lull. 

I'l.iiii  .Sjia 


'illil  nil  Ihe  lin 

iii.iii  III  1,S5."»  ei 


B-T'iKHj'MiiMiif  M  'ifwwwiiii^^''*"*'**'^^^*^***' 


^i 


I'ACII'IC    i'KAST    l'II.(»T.  I  87 

(I'll  I 'ft  iiishlf  III'  It.  Its  i-xli>iil  iiisiilo  !lii>  si  \  till  it  liiii'  in  alioiit  iiiii-  liiinilicil  iiiiil  titty  yunls 
p.ii.  llrl  Willi  till'  sliiirr  ami  sjMy  live  yaiils  iit  iltjlit  aii;;lr.s  1  lirii'tii.  It  Is  »'s|ii'iially  iiaii;,'('ii>iis  ti> 
M  ~-  N  liiMtiii^  iiiil  iiiiiln  llio  sdiitli  shiiri-  mi  tin-  lii-;{iiiiiiii;;  ut'  tin;  riili;  liiil  il  imii  Ik;  avttiili'il  hy 
kill  ii;;  IViiiit  Ituiietu  o|H'ii  totiht  luiitliwanl  iil'  Fmt  I'liiiit. 

AUt'll    iili    llllili   Kin'K. 

This  is  a  Hiiiall  |iyi'aiiiiiial,  dark  rock  almiit  t'orty  I'lvt  in  iliaiiictcr,  tiiirly  live  almv*-  \vat«>t-,  ami 
Iviii.  til  the  iiiii'liiwaril  III' llitMisiial  slii|t  rliaiiiit'l  iiiiiiSaii  {''laiirisni  llailiiii'.  In  tin- ilr,\  srasiiii  it 
iio'iiM'i'i'il  w  illi  III  I'll  ili-|iiisits  ami  nIiiiws  a  ilirl,\  wliili-  rnlnr.  Wlii'ii  si't'ii  In  tlir  ilirrrtinii  tiiwaiils, 
III  II  'III,  till'  tail  III' till-  I'i'i'siiliii  Sliiial  It  |ir«-M-iits  a  iirrl'iiialiiiii  nr  airliway  at  low  lii|i-s,  TliiTr  is 
di-i'l'  watt'!',  live  to  i-i^lit  I'atliniiis,  <iii  its  i-astrrii  siilr,  Iml  tiii>  llii'cc'lalliiiiii  lini'  runs  oiir  liiimlioil 
\.iiiU  III  till'  III  lit  Invest  t'riiiii  it,  tli'ii|i|iin;:  iilV  iiitii  Irii  l.illiiiiris  ;  anil  iiiif  liiimli'i-il  \ari|s  sun  ili  sunt  li- 
I'lst  S.fSh',)  I'liiiii  it  tliiTi'  is  a  ili'iitli  iit'tlii'rr  anil  tliii'i- iinarlrrs  t'alliiinis  with  inrky  liiitlinn.  Tin' 
;iii!iniii  til  till' rastwaril  is  nirky,  ami  In  suiitliwi-sl  want  rn.iisi'  ;,'ray  saiiil.  N'i'ssi'ls  slmniil  nut  ap- 
|ii  11.11  II  the  riirk  with  in  two  liiiiiiliril  y  arils,  as  tin-  llnnil  riiiii'iit  s«'tstliri'ctly  on  it,  ami  if  tliowiiitl  is 
li;;lii  HI  ilii-s  mil  llii'.N  imiyiliit't  into  ilaii^'iT.  Nniiirrnns  vi-sscls  liavr  lit-fii  injnii'il  liy  tiril'tin;;  on 
Airli  K.irk,  i-s|ii'i'ially  in  niinin;;  in  on  tin'  tinoil  tiili-  at  ni;;lit  witii  littli-or  no  wimi  ami  Hit'  wt-atliui' 
Iii:;l'>  . 

I  iiiiii  Arrli  liiM'k  \vi'  lias'i'  the  t'ollowiii;;  lirarin^s  ami  ilistaiiiTs  to  proiniiiciit  (ilijccts: 

Alr:itrii/  l>lilliil    l,i;;lil  lii'iisi- N.  k\>    K.  ]  liiilr. 

(SiiiitliruHl  riiil  iif  All  atra/,  iivir  imrlli  iirrk  nl'  V<'rl>a  lliii'iia. ) 

I'lirl  I'liiiil  l.i;;lil  liiMiHi' S.  II-  W.  •,'    iiilliix. 

l.jliir  I'liilit  l-'iin  »lil?<llr S.  7:i     \V.  l;'inil«n. 

I'laxli  I'll  I'liiir  ralliniii  Npiit   nil  I'rrniiliii  Sliiial S.  I'lii      K.  i  iiiili'. 

SlianK'iHk N.  I'.'    \V.  (t  mill'. 

Saiiiilil.i.'<liaiiiliii;il  Wliail' N.  Ilil     \V.  'ij  iiiileH. 

I'miiiI  llnm-ta  l.i;:lit  is  just  shut  in  liy  I'miit  Diablo. 
I  III'  iiN'k  is  now  known  only  as  Arcli  li'ork. 

8IIA<i    Itiil'K. 

Tins  is  a  low  rm'k  onr  tliinl  ut  a  iiiili'  iiiirtliniu'tiiwt'st  (NNW.)  from  Arch  Uock.  It  -shows 
iliniii  rnni'  li-i-t  alios  I-  tlir  hi<;lii'st  liili's,  lii'in;^  llii-n  nut  muro  than  i>l;;ht  or  tfii  I'i'ct  in  cxti'iit.  In 
ihrihv  siaMiii  il  shows  wliiti-'to|),»  1  on  arrniinl  of  tliii  ilcposits  of  si-at'owi.  The  liottom  aliout 
It  i>  iiii';:iil,ir,  lint  the  soiiinlin^s  imliiMli-  nut  liss  than  fmir  ami  a  qniirter  fathoms  titty  yards  to 
ll;i'  >iiiillir,is|,  w  illi  ili-rpiT  waliT  I'liisi'  to  it  on  Ihr  iitliri'  sides.  A  three  I'atlioin  spot  has  been  lo- 
I'iitiMl  Me;ii'l\  three  hundreil  yards  eas*  of  the  lurk  on  the  line  to  north  end  of  Yerli.i  liiieiia  Island. 
Willi  iliis  ixeeption  there  is  a  ilepth  of  ten  fatlnims  within  one  hundreil  and  lifty  yard.s  in  every 
tliri'i-'ioii. 

I'liiiii  Shau  Iloek  we  lia\t'  the  tollowiiif;  beariiijjs  and  distances  to  pruiniiiont  objects: 

Alcatra/.  Islaml  l.iulit  lioiimi S.  77  K.  I    iiiilo. 

\ri'li   Itmk S.  Ill  i;.  (t  mill'. 

I.iinr  I'oint  l"(in-\vliistli> S.  ."iT  \V.  Kinili-N. 

Saiuclilii  .Sli'aiiilmal  Wliail' N.  i;i»  \V.  -J!  iiiilc!!. 

.'^iiiitlii'a^l  |iiiiiit  111  Aii;;('l  I-<laiiil .\.  '.".I  I'..  IJiiiili.s. 

iiiil  lui  the  line  of  north  side  of  .MeaIra/.  and  sniith  side  of  Verba  IJiiuna  Islands.     (Wheeler's  city 

iiMl' ni  ISI."!  rails  this  Seal  l{oi'k.) 

lll.ii.s.SoM    KO("K. 

Till'*  nii'k  fiirinerly  hail  only  live  feet  of  water  iipiin  il,  but  the  (iovernineiit  had  it  removed  to  a 
ill  |.ili  111  Iwentyfonr  feet  at  mean  low  water.  There  are  live  or  six  small  points  having'  only  twenty- 
t'  III  Inl  ii|ioii  them  within  an  area  of  thirty  live  yard.s.  Wilhia  the  live  fathom  line  the  extent  of 
'III'  Inl-e  IS  ei;;lity  yards  miiilieast  and  southwest  (NI'}.  ami  S\V.)  by  forty  yards  aero.ss;  outside  of 
tills  till  depth  iiierea.ses  to  ten  fathmns  in  twenty  to  forty  yards. 

I'^ii I iiiK  currents  sweep  over  the  led;;e,  and  vessels  sliould  jjive  it  a  (;ooiI  berth  on  all  sides. 
It  i>  1 1  iiuirso  ti  danger  to  deeply  laden  vessels  and  t'spi'cially  to  iroitclad  meuof-war  that  enter 
till'  li.ii  lior. 

/■'  isvoMt  Kock  liuoif. — To  mark  this  danj^er  a  mcondrldiiH  vanhitoy  with  red  and  hlwk  hori- 
wniitl  (i'i/H>8,  hua  been  placed  upon  the  ledge,  wlUeli  will  have  oidy  tweutytwo  and  a  half  feet  of 


'f 


1 


't,l 


>  il  i 


f  A 


♦  I 


■'•\ 


IP 


^ 


188  i'.\(  iiic  ciiAsr  I'li.ui. 

water  upon  it  at  tlic  I'Xtit'im'  low  tiilt's.  Somcliim's  tills  Itiiov  is  swi-p!  Iiy  slroii;;  riiii>  -.  ,,i 
Hllll'ti'd  1>.\  paMsiti;;  xt'sscis  ilitu  deeper  water,  hut   it  is  repl.ieeil  III!  (lie  leil^re  as  simiii  as  this  i,s  l.imvMi 

X'es.sels  sliiiiilil  ;,'ive  it  a  ;;im(l  liertli  <>ii  I'illier  sule  lieraiise  lliere  are  linpieiitlv  lieaw  ritm.iii 
rips  aroiiiiil  ami  over  it. 

Fruiii  tliis  hiKiy  we  lia\e  tlie  I'nllowiii;;  lieariiif^H  ami  dislaiiei's  t.t  piiiiniiieiii  iiliint^ 

Soiitlic:!-.!   I'liMil  .a   AiiU' I    M.tiicl N,.!'  W  .'  inil,« 

All  alraz  Nliiiiil  l,i>;lil  liNiiNr .    .  N.T'.i  W  |  imli', 

lllaik   l'..inl  ll.i«  Nliill S.    I..  \V  1,  iiiIIih 

'I'rliUiiilili  11:11  sit  infill.  i'l>'ilri<-  liulil,  |>ri\:ilfl    s.     -  I  I  iiiili. 

^  11  lia  IliiiHii  I  l.iiicl  Liylil  liiiii«i'  S.  -T  i;  '.'  mill  ~ 

Verlia  I'lilelia  Island  Li;;llt  is  open   |iist   nil   tlie  soiitli    point  ol   tlie  led^e. 

The  roek  was  tliseoveied  and  named  li.v  lleeeliey  al'ler  Ins  slnp  lllosmiiH,  in  NoMinliri.  1  ^ji,, 

VK.I!HA    111  r.N  \    IS!   \Mi    Sl|ii\l  . 

I'roiii  ilie  extieiiie  mntliwesi  and  norilieasl  points  of  Xcilia  Uiieiia  Isliml  as  ,i  li.isi .  |,,|, 
tiiaii^^iilar  shaped  shoal,  avera;:in;:  half  a  mile  in  w  idlli,  Ntretehes  one  and  oiu'  ipi.triii  mil,  ^  ;,,  ii,. 
north  \M's!  Ii\  noiili  (N\V.  lis  N.i.  The  out  line  ol'  this  shoal  is  \ei  ;\  ie;:iilai',  and  I  he  appin.iriii  -  \,<  i\ 
steep, on  Its  wesi  side;  lint  on  the  lioitheasl  side  it  deepens  ;;iaililall>  lowaids  I  he  i|ri'|i  >  li.iiuii  I 
on  the  lioi  llieast  side  of  (he  ishllld.  The  depth  ol  wateldli  it  iaii;;es  lioiii  one  to  i'i;;hli'rii  In  '.  ih. 
least  water  lieiii;:  iie.ir  I  lie  iioiiheasl   point  ol'  the  island. 

A  eomparisoii  lietweeii  lereiit  and  older  surveys  shows  that  this  shoal  has  ;i  tiiiiii'iiiv  t,.('ii< 
in  two. 

Viiliit  lliiiiiii  Slitiiil — lliiiiji, —  To  repl.iee  the  lieaeoii  destloNcd  ne.ir  lire  iinilli  einj  i.|  \  iy\,,, 
llneiia  slio.il,  a  liist  iliiss  iiiii  hnitf),  painted  mi  and  lihuf;  li<iii:iiiit<il  sliijns,  has  Imtm  iihM,|,.,|  t,i 
mark  the  north  end  of  this  shoal.  The  Iniox  lies  in  three  ami  a  li.ill  lal  liuiiis  ui  w  ih  i  hm  liu- 
I'olluw  iiil:  ranges:  lli^li  ChiiniieN  on  I'olreio  I'oilil  over  middle  of  Mission  li'm  k  :  ,iii.|  Pmii; 
Mi.ililii  III  line  uiih  the  north  end  of  .Meatra/.  Islainl.  It  Is  one  and  nine  teiiilis  iiiiir-  iiiiili- 
east  li,\  e.ist  t'liree  ei;;lillis  east  (Ni';.  liy  E. 'i,  I'..)  from  Aleatraz  Island  Lly;lithonse. 

MI.-^SldN    HAY    IJIKK.S. 

Mission  r>a.\  was  forineilv  a  deep  Indentation  of  the  shore  line  on  the  east  front  of  .sin,  |.'| m 
eisei).  fill  Mini;;  at  low  water  .in  e\leiisi\e  mud  tial  :  it  is  now  strai;;htiiied  out  \>\  \\  li.ii  \i  s.  i  ii- 
nil'  tills  1 1.1  \  or  io\e  »as  ;i  l,ir;,'e.  roekv  islrt  ealled  Mission  Koek,  upon  and  a  roll  ml  \\  liirh  \i  n  ll^^•^ 
ami  w  irehoiisi-s  li.ive  lu'eii  const riii'led  to  t'oiir  and  a  ipiarter  and  (ive  and  a  half  lathniiis  n!  u.itir 
till  shiiipiii;:.  The  extent  of  this  Islet  Is  now  ei;;ht  hundred  and  thirt.v  yards  li\  Imir  hiniili<  il  .iinl 
lili.v  \arils. 

JM'tween  this  Mission  IIiM'k  wharf  and  the  wharves  from  the  main  shore  Is  a  pas.sace  n.i.  (inii 
hiimlied  and  iweiitx  yards  wide,  wliieli  is  a  very  busy  tlioron;;lifare  for  I,ii;;e  and  sin, ill  \i-.mI>: 
hut  lirii  iliiiiiii  iiius,  sliiirji  iiiiiiitiil  rfiiLs  have  been  found  in  this  passa;;e,  iieaily  on  the  hm  .ii  ilii' 
west  f.ic'  of  Mission  Koek  winirf,  and  to  the  sontliwaril  thereof  in  the  middle  ol'  the  ine  I  ^i\ 
fatlio  II  rhaniiel. 

The  til- 1  of  these  dan;:ers  is  named  the  .I/iaa/oh  /wii/  /{orh.  It  is  doiilileheaded,  i;i  .i  Ih.h! 
not  more  than  three  feet  ael'oss  and  the  heads  tell  feet  apail.  There  is  idejilh  ol  I  \v  ilv .  niil  a 
half  feet  till  them,  with  live  fathoms  over  niiiddy  liottoin  elose  around  them.  Tlie  imk  li.  »  lUmn 
three  hiimlied  _\ards  south' li.\  «e.st  (.'s.  li\  \\.)  lioiii  the  soiithein  point  ol  .Mission  I,'. mi,  \\li.iir, 
and  atioiit  one  hiindred  .iiid  lift\  ,\ards  from  the  end  of  the  Central  I'aeitle  K^ilioad  ^vli.iiv  riii-^ 
loek  was  diseovereil  in  IS7I.;;iid  Is  now  marked  l>y  :i  liiioy,  as  follows: 

Mi>isi(rii  lliiji  li'dih  liiiiii/.  —'l\\\s  is  A  llilnl  iliiss  nun  Iniiii/  with  liliicl:  iiitil  rill  li(iii:iiii(tii  \  Ii 

is  placed  in  ei;:liteeii  feet  of  water  near  the  shoalest  part  of  the  rock.  It  may  lie  passc'i  e  .  'lur 
hand  liy  jilsiii;,'  it  a  ;;ood  liertli,  lieann;;  in  mind,  however,  the  southern  rock,  t«o  Iniihli.-i  iiiil 
seventy  yards  to  the  soiiihward,  which  is  also  marked  by  a  buoy. 

It  is  reported  that  a  third  head  has  been  di.scitvered  to  tin;  .Mission  Hay  loick,  .i^  •!•  •  i  Inii 
from  the  examination  ol  1.S7I.  'I'his  third  head  lies  one  hniutred  feet  south  by  east  li.tl  i  -  iiniii 
the  double  point  marked  by  the  buoy. 

The  Siiiilli  or  SDitiiiiKt  lioih  lies  two  hundred  and  seventy  yards  to  the  soiilliwanl  I'l  :!■'  Mi'' 
sioii  Itay  Koek,  and  has  thirteen  ami  a  half  feet  of  water  upon  il,  with  four  and  tlihi'  i  :ii'eis 
fiithoius  over  muddy  bottom  oii  the  inside,  and  live  fathoms  outwiilo.     The  lop  »)f  the  rm  k   -  .ilimii 


t\vrir\  feel  ii 
,,iil\  iiie  fool 
1,1  li '  parll.N 
S.iM  liber,  I' 
{■jir  I  iM;;e  no 
S.nit  I'ap.  b 
idi.iii  it  ben- 
,,t  till'  wliai  f. 
.>  •iiiiiiiii 

|,i.|l  ,    I    III    foil 


A  siinkei 

llic  v»  est  side 
irmn  llie  cxili 

Ti.e  11  ,-. 
|iiarcil  III  I  Wei 
Aliaiia/  Ishi 
islnml.  and  lili 
wivck  of  the  I 
lii'i  11  ijcslrovei 
ii'l.ii'i--  llic  nai 


fills  1  xteii 
Nl.iihl.  and  Is  i 
lliMiina.  I'orl  ( 
inltlrvcsl  nild 
liii'iii  111  ^liape, 
ihc  ucsliTIl  sill 
>i\  anil  sr\  en  f 
Mill  III  \  icliliii^; 

Ml  lllr  -lliial.   Ill 

i>M,li-iill>  liiniii 
Hitii  llic  \el  sti 
liiMlli'-.isI  clilr; 
<itl||iU  III  at  111 
the  iliiccliiiii  ol 

It  1^  report 
■iilire  llic  last  s 
Isl.iliil  seen  til 
|ilai'iil  '111  ihe  II 
'•In!;  lull  we  ill 
i|il<'lltl.\  ailoiilc 

Till   iiiils  II 

/'/(,     /.Kill/  Il 

li'iriifiil'il  liiiiiil.' 
"I'  a  llh'r  sunt  I 
N.     r.  '  I'niiii 

ll  -  111  foil 
>"illlia;iiptoii  ^ 

riiilii  It  (hi 

k-i  ll  it 

I'.. ml 

Si  111  til 

MaiUi 
liimv 


I'A(  Uic   niAsT    ni.oT.  189 

!«rii  \  ft'<"t  ill  I'Ntrrit,  ami  at  the  (>\aiiiiiiati<iii  in  ls7,S  it  was  icportcd  t(»  liiivc  ii  sharpi'i-  point  of 
.i.i\  !!<>  loot  ai'i'ii>.s.  I  III' ciial  lailrii  liark  •SVinitmn  ran  upon  this  rot-U  wlit'ii  miiJiT  tow,  ami  liiul 
IMitl.s  ilisi'ii  ii';;t'il  to  ;;i't  olV.  Slii'  waH  iiot  injiircil.  Tlio  rtH-k  waM  ti};aiii  •>\aiiiiiicil  in 
\,i\ .  iiliri,  l"<si,  .Mill  ilic  piisjijitn  m;i\  III' flosciv  loiiatt'il  liv  til)' lollowjn<;  Itfarin^s  ami  raii^ics: 
llir  I  III;.')'  mn'ilii'i'ii  I'Mii'Miil.v  ol'tlii'  iit'w  wlialin;;  •■onipaiiy'.s  wliart'  at  I'oiiit  o|'  Itnrks  on  with  tliu 
>..ii  l*:i|«.  iMMiiiiiisiiiitliwcsi  liv  west  (S\V.  I»\  NV.) ;  ami  from  IIum'IhI  of  the  railioatl  conipany's 
ili:  ii  III'. IIS  siiiitlii'a'il  li>  i-A-*\  mil'  Ihii'il  cast  iS|''.,  Iiy  K.  .\  !■).),  ami  iirarlv  on  Ihc  pniloiiKatioii 
.    I'     (vhaif.     Tins  imU  is  imw  marki'il  liy  a  limiv,  as  follows: 

.'y'liitmn  IlitrK  IliiDii. — This  is  a  lliirilrliiss  nun  hiimj  with  ml  nnil  Mark  hitrhnntnl  slrijus,  ami  is 
|i|.iimI  ill  I'liiii'tt'rn  li'i't  III  wattT  near  the  top  of  the  rock.     It  may  lie  pa.sst'il  on  ciihi'i'  liaml. 

Ai.lAllJA/    UnCK    AND    III DV. 

A  sinikcn  rock,  liarc  at  tin' lowest  tides,  lies  on  thi'  north  c<l;;i'  of  the  three. fathom  ;:i'onml  on 
hf  west  siili'  ut'  Alcana/.  Isl.unl,  one  hiimlreil  ami  forty  live  yanls  nearly  weHtsmilhwcsl  ( WSW.) 
riiiii  tlie  extreme  western  pmiit. 

rill'  llcfcA"  Itiiiij/  in  a  lliint  cliixs  t^ixirhnoif,  fiiiiittvd  ijrirn  anil  marked  '^  irrnk."  It  has  lieeii 
{iliirnl  III  twenty  tour  feet  of  water  in  the  loni  (;ionnd  making  sonthw«'st  from  the  \«est  end  of 
Ali':iiiii''  Ulaml.  It  is  alioiit  tvvo  hiimlred  yaids  southwest  (SW.)  from  the  \M'stein  point  of  tho 
>laiiil,  and  lill\  \aids  soiilli  oiieci;;htii  east  (.S.  ^  |'^)  t'l'oiii  Aleatra/.  Ifock.  It  marks  the  recent 
«ivil> 'if  the  Itaik  (tlirn-  Cults.  'I'lie  .1  M^n-ni^  was  .sunk  here  Ion;;  a;;o,  lint  after  the  wreck  had 
Iktii  liolriived  the  ;;icen  linoy  was  removed  until  the  last  wit'ck  caused  it  to  lie  replaced.  It 
irtiiiii--  (lie  name  of  the  "Autocrat." 

.^^dlTirAMl'TON    .SIKIAI.. 

riiis  1  \tensi\e  shoal  lies  nearly  in  the  middle  of  San  l'"rancisco  I>ay  to  the  northward  of  AiiKi'l 
Isl. Mill,  and  is  tlierefiire  a  menace  to  the  na\'i;;alion  ol'  lai<;e  vessels  lioniid  to  Vallcjo,  Mare  Islaml, 
I'li'iiHi.i.  I'm!  ( 'o>l,i,  or  .\ntiiich.  Within  t  he  tince  lalhom  line,  it  is  t  wo  and  a  ipiaiter  miles  Ion;; 
Mii!iiui's|  iiiid  soiiihcist  iiearl,\ ,  with  an  exlrcme  lii'c.kdth  of  one  t  hird  of  a  mile.  It  is  very  niii' 
liinii  III  >li.tpe,  with  a  tlve  I'.iihom  ch.innel*  on  the  east  side,  and  six  to  seven  fathom  channel  on 
liir  \\r-<trrii  side.  'I'lie  west  .side  of  the  shoal  is  ipiite  sleep,  fallin;;  sharply  from  two  lalhoms  to 
<i\  iiiii  si'M'ii  I'atliiini-..  The  least  water  un  the  shoal  is  foiii' feet,  aiil  theliotloni  is  line  sand,  very 
Mill  ni  Mi'ldiii;;.  Al  one  uf  the  current  stations  of  the  <'o.ist  and  (ieodetic  Siir\ey  on  Ilic  middle 
"I  Jill  villi, il,  this  i»aiiil  was  fniiiid  to  lie  nmlerlaid  liy  mud  at  the  depth  of  seven  feet.  'I'lie  shoal  is 
t\;i|rhil.\  I'lirmcd  liy  tlie  meeiin;;of  the  siilt  sni'l'ice,  youii^' llmid  current  from  llie  K.iccoiin  Strait 
mill  the  >ct  stroll;;  elilii'iirrent  from  S  m  j'alilo  IJ.iy.  .\l  a  ciirreiil  .station  lialfw.iy  lictwecii  the 
iuMtih'.isl  I'lilrance  to  the  Strait  and  tli(>  Soiilhanipton  Shoal  the  snii  surface  lliind-ciirreiit  was 
'I'tiiiiL:  III  Mt  llie  rate  of  aliniit  one  knot,  and  in  a  direction  ditVcrin;;  more  than  nine  points  with 
the  iliiri'lhiii  III'  the  surface  clili  ciiireiit  still  iniiiiiii;;  al    the  i.ite  of  one  and   a  half  Knots. 

J!  1^  ri'|inrtcd  that  there  is  less  \\,iter  on  the  sho.d  and  that  it  h.is  lieeii  extended  in  leni;th 
■iiiiif  till' last  siirve\.     l{iim;;(ild  ;;.ive  the  ran;;c   I''o  it    I'oint   on  the  westernmost  point  of  Any;el 

{.•"l.iiiil    seen  tliiitii;;li  i;,ii nil  .Sir.iili   tor  cic.iiiii'j;  it   oiitsiile   ot'  the  three  tat liom   Inioy  which  he 

i'l  ii  I  il  111  I  lie  iiiiilli  end.  'I'lic  s.iiiie  iiii;;i'  will  mnv  pass  i>\  rr  seventeen  feet  of  water  a  I  the  north 
111'!;  Iiiil  ueiliMiot  know  wJH'llieriiis  i.iii^s-  was  an  acliially  ohservcd  ran;;e  or  ■  ian;4e  snli.se- 
i|ii''Mll.\  ailiipled  from  the  ciiail  :   nor  does  his  chart  ;;ive  his  plane  of  reference. 

Till'  ends  of  the  shoal  are  marked  liy  liiioys  as  follows: 

Till  liiiiiji  iDi  ilir  siiiilhci  n  niil  of  Siiiilliiiiiiiiton  Slitml. — The  can  linoy  marked  with  hliick  and  ri'd 
Ifirr.i'iihil  liiiiiiU  ihiii  marked  the  .south  end  ol'  .Sunlhamploii  Shoal  has  lieeii  iiioved  one  ipiarter 
III'  .1  iiu'c  siiiiilicasi  half  south  ;  ami  it  now  lies  three  and  a  ipiarli-r  luilcs  north  thio'  ei;;liths  east 
N.     1^  '  I'loiii  Aleatra/.  Island    I.ikIiI  house. 

li  -111  four  falhoiiis  of  water  almiil  twn  hundred  and  fifty  yanls  oil' tlii' southern  tail  of  tlio 
•~^"illli;i;ii|.tii|i  Shoal. 

rimii  It  (lie  followin;;  lieariiij;s  and  distances  are  ;;iven: 

i;iili;...k N.  ir.  \V..  :H  milrs. 

I'.'iiil   <'anii>ln.|l   (NiMiJi   I'mnl   nT  .\ii;;i.l    Isljinll .S.  Ill  \V.,  I,  iiiili..s. 

siiiitli  iiiiiiil  (il'lliiiiiks  I>l,iiiil    N.  Till  i;..  '.'*  inili'N. 

Miuki'l  .Sirirt  Wliaii,  Siiii  fr.liiiisr .><. '.Ml  I'..,  1}  mill's. 

Iliiii.v  un  liiiisxiiiii  IJiirk S.  I'J  K.,  '■^  inili'H. 

"  Naiiii'il  till'  tiilc'v  (^liioiiu'l  by  KiiiggoUl,  in  1S,M). 


:lt 


I" 


;*■  t] 


ni' 


r    n. 


COAS 


I'Acii  If  ('i)A>i    i'ii.i>r. 

Tlif    liiii'i/  (i»  thr   itnrlliifii  iHil  III'  Siiiilhiim).ln,i   Slmnl.      'I'liix   i>*  ;l    limlrlnH^  nini  liimii  n 
Uil'l  I'liiil,  h<iri:iiiiltil  slrijii  s.      It  is  |)|.i |  ju  tlin-r  ratliniii-*  nl'  w.ilcl'  ,it  llic  liiui'sl  Inlc^,  .iiiil 

Im'  J;|\<'II   II   ^Itixl   llrllll    ll\    VCMMt'lM  pilMMJII^    ll    (111     till-  IM>lrl||   Mile.       'I'llis   lllH'N     l.lkrs   III!'   |i|.|. 
tlxi'il  liiMcnii   \\llir||  111,11  Ufil  tlir  s:llii<>  h|hi|    |.Sn|. 

I'lmil  tills  liui>>    \\r  ll.lVf  llic  liilloNMIl;;  l>caiiii;;s  ;iiii|  i|isl;tlli't>s  tii  |irolillM<'lit  iili|i'rts: 

lliliix  cm  111!   -niiili  iiiil  111'  till' hIi.iiiI S.  l;l  K.  '.'  null*. 

Siiiiilii'u-I  ii.inil  III'   \ii;{i  I  lil.inil    S.  K  r..  ;U  inil.H. 

Wi'slirii  I'.iint  ot 'Aiu<  I  l>l.iiii|,  tliniiiKli  KurnHiii  Hiniit    S  :i  I',.  :i;'  iiiiIin. 

lUiitl   1*111111.  iiiii'tli>':i'<l  |iiiiiil  111'  I'lilraiHi- III  Kiiri'iiiiii  Mr^iil S  In  \V  .'  iiiili-.. 

if.ii  Ki.1  k  lull  I,  iii'.ir.i't  iiiuii ...      \    i:    \v       r   miirs. 


Ill/ 

luM 

I  III' 


I'liliil    ItirlMiiiiMil,  nil  llii'  imhIi'Iii  iii.iim  slinri'. ... 


N      V.I      v..  I.     lllllr,. 


Flirt  I'liiiit  l.i^lit  Ikiii.so  Ih  ii|ii-ii  iicuil.v  in  iniil  rhatiiifl  nf  Uiici'iinii  Stiail. 
Owiiid  t<i  till'  .sfriinc  riirn'iit.s  iiml  cuiil.irts  with  .small  passing  xcsscN.  tluwc  liimv  -^  am  -uiiic- 
tiini's  iiiiiv  I'll  mil  lit  |iii^jiiiiii,  lint  ari'  mplaiTil  as  mmhi  as  piai'iiralili-.     .\  uimil  laiii^r  li\  mIihIiIh 
paSH  SiilUli  iiilpliill    Sli'i  ll  IS  til  kt't'p    lli'il   K'lii'k   Isli'l  nil  tlic  I'.isti'l  II  i'\trrllilt\  III'    rninl  San  I'l'ilrn 

((III  till' iiiiitli"i's|  siilc  III'  till' I'liiraiirr  III  S. Ill  r.ililii  I'.av.)     Tlii.s  raii(;«' ran  lir  takrii  riniii  ih i\ 

flitlit  III'  Sill  l-'iaiiclscii.  an. I  jmsm's  ilnsi-  in  till' cast  w  alil  til'  liliissiun  IJnrk. 

/'/((■  irii'k'  III'  till    Flyiiiij   Ihiiijiiu.     rill'   wrnk   iirtliis  \  cs.scl,  .Mink  rally   in    lsi;j  iii.si.j,.  iht. 
(iiiltlcn  (late,  ami  I'liiitul  lictwt'fii  Airli  linck  ami  Sha;,'  Unfk,  was  niaiknl  as  a  ila!i::ri   ii>  ii.n:::i 

tinii;  lint  iiiiw  iinthiii;;  wliatt-vcr  rcniaiiis  III'  Iiit  masts,  whlrli  riiiistitiitt'il  tl Iisii  iiriinii  in  mn 

pitimi.  ami  it'  any  part  nl'  the  hull  siiM  rxisis  it  Mi-s  in  twenty  I'.itlnmis  ol'  water. 

Iiiiiiiiii  li'oil,  iiiiil  llitiiii. — Tin'  Uini'iiii  I'nt'k  nf  rnrincr  I'li arts  wasiii  part  ii'imiM'il  li\  il,i-  I  nitnl 
ami  llii'ii  the  Stale  llarltnr  rniiiiiiissiniieis  |iroieeti'il  a  wharf  nver  it. 
ell'.,  nnrtli  of  Sniithamptnii  Slni.il  Imve  not  ln-eii  tk-scrilK'il,  as  n\ei  Inaiiiiiu  Hi - 
tun  iniich  at  present. 

THK  GULK  OK    FUK    KARALLONKS    NORTHWESTWARD    OK   POINT    IMNl  T.'. 

I'lnlleta  to    lMl\liill>    I'nilit,  fniiiiill);  the  West    !   lie  of  Halletia.s   lia,\,llii'   rniU'^r   > 

etpiarter  north  (\V.  liy  N.  [  N.  i  ami  .lie  il  is;  a  nee  nine  ami  a  tpiarter  miles.     Tin  in  • 

in  the  same  general  ilireetinli  tn  t!ie  eastern  p.irt  nf  Drake's  |'.a.\,  tn  the  west  el 

Keyes  lleail.  twenty  lixe  ami  two  tliinls  miles  mirth  ei;;lity  twn  ile::iee>  vm-:    N 

ml  r>niiela. 

Ill' iKirtiiwi'.stward  nf  I'mat  r.niieta  is  very  Imhl,  lirokeii.  ami  elevatiil ;  it  iim'sh. 
ll  as  live  hnmlreil  ami  I  went  >  feet  within  tun  hnmlreil  y  anls  n|  the  slioie,  a  ml  i" 
vMlliiii  a    mile.      It  is  transversely  cut    liy  the  deep,  narrnw  npeiiiii;:s  nf  >iim1!  v.il 


il.iml. 


siieii   as 


Unil 


en    \'alle\     seven  ei''litlis   nl   a  mile    frniii    rnilil    Kuli 


ami  I'rank's   N'allev  Ihue  ami  a  half  iiiili 


ll 


lese    vallexs  ^i\e  t  hr  cii.i^!  lim- .1 


iilnlatiii;.'  siirfaee  very  well  delineileil  in  the  ('n.ist  Sni\i\  rhail  nl  tlie  (i"lilrii 
lehes.  The  niily  lu-aehes  liare  at  lii:,'li  w.iter  are  at  the  inniiths  nf  tlie-e  \:il!e.\-i, 
e  these  transverse  rid^^es  is  the  pinmiiient  iidt,'e  of  Mniint  Tanial|Mi^  ei  fahli- 
iiU  twenty  si\  hundred  and  fmir  feet  ,iliii\e  the  sea,  with  its  eastiiii  -li.ii;'  |":il> 
rniii  the  mast.  This  rid^i' lies  miilheast  and  sniithwest  Inr  .ilmnl  I  \»"  m.li  '  iml 
landmark  which  appears  ilal  topped  niil\  in  two  direeliniis.  It  isImmviK  -li.ulnl 
'haparral,  whilst  the  lower  iid;,'es  are  n^enerally  n|;i,ss  en\  ered.  It  i>  iliMiilini 
Is.  and  the   views  nf  the   appiiiaclies  to  the   (iohleii  dale  exliiliit    its  lii.iinlii 

he  eoasi  alireast  of  this   niniintain    from  the  west  snntliwest.  with    the  tin.  I.  I'l.ii-I> 
eliliies  preX.liN  ill  sniiiiiier  lieliile  .1  pln|ii|ii;ed  fn;;)  hidilli;  the  InWer    pail>  .i~'  "'I 


e   riili.'e  is    seen  endways 

ll  tupped   hill,  seM'llleeil   lilini 


d  the  peiks   show    as  nlie  and    lint    as    a  lalile.  '>lllli' ■' 
lied    and  sl\t\    feet    ill  ele\  at  ion,  is  seen  l"i>    'i 


lies  Ic 


IIS    -l.."i-   IW 


,]  •.  1   l^e  I' 


I'd  nf  the  peak.      Apprnai-hed    IVnliithe    southwest,  Mniilit    Taiii.llp 
the  eastern  sharp  peak,  and  a  middle  and  Inwer  peak  inst  nil  the  east 

lii;;liest  peak.     I'"rnm  the  western  slope  of  the  iiioiintain  the  lower  ,iim1   ''<\ij.  'Uln' 
is  partially  wnnded. 

•iitheast  rarallnn   ra;:lit  Imiise  the  iiiniiniaiii  liears  iiortln'ast  li.ilf  imilh  ;\l-.  O- 

ini  miles,  and  il  is  visihle  sixl.\lwn  miles  seaward, 

lill    is    the    "T.ilile     Mill"    of    1; lies    (M.'lli.       ll     was    silli.seipielitlv   e  1      ■     ^I'lm' 

I'liited  St, lies    Ivxplorin;;   l^vpi'ditioii   (IS|I),  lint    is  iiexer  known    hv     K"i 


ii.iniiu  s.iiid  spi 

liiMllii'lll  sl'nle  I 
lllilelias  M;> 
till'  ili'^iees  wes 
•mil'  retreats  a 
;uii'liiirai:e  with  1 
•Ihiit  111  the  hay 

■ :  <>i:i-  .mil  one 
K.illi'lia.>  sand  s| 
vinN  111  width  ll 
Ii.hiiil;  iiiilv  line 
li'lwiTii  r..illeii.i 
■'ill'  jiisl  inside 
'T'liiki'd  I'li.iiiiiel 

•I'lilii.l    ll   the  11 
I  !!•■   w  e-1     SI 

mill' 111  l>ii\liur\ 
Hi'i'l  .iiid  I'lMiit 

Tlii'le  l>  line 

niili'.siiiiili  >i\ty 

"III  li.ls  tlill  leell 

"•■■ilnl  I'leaker 

•lll^l  lli^nle  I 
''■mill;  Sl.iiinii  1 

rill-  liiliiN  ol 
iii'iil.  :iiii|  al.sii  II 

'  lu.  ,,.,in.  11 
'hi'illll'l    |nl.i|   III    \' 

!■•;'■■  Ii\  C.  nil.  r„.i,. 
ill  I'.'Ji, 


I'ACII  ir    ((lAsr    I'll.dT. 


191 


Kii.     .Ill  fiillnl    it    'l',tM<-    Mill    III    |s:iil.     It    was    tiiiiiicil    Tiililf    Moiiiitaiii    liy    tlit^   I'.  S.    CoiiMt 

-11        III   IViit,  ami    i>  kiiiiwii  l)\  tliiil    iiaiii<>  a lit;   iiav  i;;ati>is.      lint    Ijii-  Tuast  anil  (iroilt'tii; 

^i!\..  has  (jssii  ail''|>)fi|    (lir  iiaiiii'    Mniiiil   'raiiialpaiK.      Ilv  tlic  iiatlvf  ('alHui  iiiaiis   it  is  rallt^l 

11  ii  I'ais,  iiiTaiis*-  tins  |iarl  of  tlii>  rniiniry  linicf  In  Toiiiali-.s  Ita.v  was  inlialiilril  i)y  ilic  Taiiml 

I  ,     .\slii>iii    Istiiwnv  witliiii  till- .iiiiisilii-tii>M  of  tlM'   Mission  nl' San  I'laniiscn.     Tlic  Tainiil, 

\iiti;Ml,  an<l   Siiv>niii  Iriluvs  talnnt'il    llirnisrlvt's  anil  N|M>k(^  tint   saiiii>  lan;;iiaK<>.     'I'Id'  lasl  two 

:  lir^  liM'il    to  the   nnrlliwanl. 

/,'.r/,i/  I'liint, — AltMi';  llic  sliMiT  Id  IJiirky  I'dinl,  wliicli  is  six  miles  iiurtli  si\iy  six  (li'i,'r»'0.s 
,'st  \.  liti  W.)  ri'iMii  rmiit  l!i>iM>la,  IIk'Ii'  is  Itiit  iiiif  inck  alioxc  water  iiiitsiih- the  tliiee-tallioni 
I. mi  .si>  far  as  known  iinl.\  one  snnkeii  loek  alreailN  ineiilioneil  as  Iviii^  oil'  tJieOiil  !ii}{lit- 
iiiiiM-  lower. 

I;<ii'kv  Point  is  a  sjiehin^  point  of  sinall  extent,  one  liiimlreil  I'eet  aliove  the  sea,  with  ii 
|,i'|i  vuoileii  ;;iih'ii  just  iioi  lliui'st  ol  it.  Ilehiiiil  it  tlie  land  lises  ra|iii|l\  al.ni;;  a  lioM,  ioiiiiiIin<{ 
:  .1^1' III  •.ixtei'ii  liniiilieil  leel  in  a  mile  ainl  a  halt'.  .\  (;i'eal  iii.tiiy  I'ocks  lie  oil'  the  eliiVs  out  to 
jit'  roiir't'atliiiiii  line,  whieh,  howexei'.  is  not  moi'e  th.iii  two  hiinilii'ii  ,\arils  I'loiii  shore.  Tliis 
■'icUiii;;  |Hiiiit  Is  one  ol  the  li.ii  k  ian;,'es  for  eiiteiiii;;  or  lt'avin<;  San  P'ranci-sco  liy  tlie  Itonetn 
I  iiiiiiiel.  .Iiist  iiiiil'-r  its  sonih  snle,  within  one  thitil  of  a  mile  of  the  extieni'ts  of  the  point, 
■ »  I  Iitl^  ai'-  M'l  \  lii;;h  ami  pi  en  pi  ions,  ii>iii„'  to  live  hnmlreil  ami  I'oily  feel  w  ilhin  three  Iniinlreil 
inN.iiiii  then  iiier;;in;;  in  the  same  ti  insverse  i'i<l;;e  as  l!o*'k,\  I'oint.of  whieli  it  nii^lit  lie  con- 
.  iji'lril  .1  pail. 

I'loiii  l,'iii'k>   I'oiiit  we  have  the  foiliiwin;;  lteariii;;s  ami  ilistanees  to  proniiiient  point.s: 


roiiit  r.iiinhi  i.i^iii  liiMiv 

Ilnii\  |Oi  I  «<'1m'  l.illiKiiis)  III!    |lii\liiii\   Itirl' 


s  r.i;     K 


T.iil  111'  |ln\lini\ 


.><.  IT    W, 


l'ii\liiii\   I 'ill  II I ,*> 


Ii     lllllr.l. 

^1;  IMlli'M. 
V.  :t      llllll'S. 

W.  !l)  IlllIrH. 


Unllmiis  /><!//•. —.\t  seven  miles  from  I'liiiit  Uoneta  the  rocky  shores  i  ••treal,anil  a  lo!i}», 
ii.iniiu  >aiiil  spit  slretehes  for  two  ami  <nie  ipiaiter  miles  to  the  westwaril  ami  forms  part  of  tlio 
iioiilierii  si'oii'  ol    r..iiieiM.s  liav,  atiil  the  south  shore  nf  the  lnr;;e  la^roon  i  isiile. 

I'lineiias  H'v  lies  lietween  IJockx  I'oiiit  ami  l»ii\iMirN  roiiit.  the  hitler  I'raiin;^  south  ei;;lity- 
imili'-iees  west  ( S.  .S.'i  W.),  liist.iiit  lliiee  anil  a  half  miles  IVoin  tiie  former,  whilst  the  north 
-mil' M'ti'iMis  a  liitle  mii:'e  than  a  mile  to  the  noitlnvaiil  of  this  line.  The  liay  Is  a  sinall  ^Mininer 
iiii'lioi.iu'e  "  ilh  three  to  nine  f.itlioins  of  water  over  liaril  saml  ami  niiiil   liottoin.     The   northwe.sl, 


•Imli'iif  the  lia\    is  the  faee  of   M.lllell.lS   I'llllf, 


iniiilreil  ami  ten  feet  above  the  .sea  ami  streteli- 


'.' iiiii'  anil  one  ijii.irter  miles  nortli  thirty  three  lieiirees  east  ( N.  .! !  !■;.)  to  meet  the  west  end  of 
l:.iili'iiii>  s.iiiil  spit.  The  eiitranee  to  the  lldlliiuis  Itiriniii  is  a  narrow  opeiiiii;,' nf  Imt  <me  hundred 
viirils  HI  Willi  h  lietween  tlie  end  of  the  sand  spit  and  the  liliitl,  w  ith  a  very  eontraeted  channel 
liuiii:;  iiiil\  one  foot  upon  its  liar  at  low  water,  so  that  the  small  piodiiee  .sehooners  riinnin;; 
U'twi'i-ii  I'l.illeiias  and  S.in  i''i'.iiii'isi'o  miisl  enler  and  leaxeat  hi^'h  water  as  the\  load  on  the  west 
-ill'  jii-'l  inside  the  eiitranie.  The  iauooli  lies  lietween  the  iiiniiiitains  and,  except  in  small 
'riHiki'ii  cliiiiiu'ls,  is  liareal  low  w.iler  and   p.iiiially  tilled  with  iiiar>li\   islets.     Ten   feet  of  wider 

>!iiinii|  ;ii  the  narrowest  p.iii  of  il ntr.mce. 

liirvvol  side  of  r>alleii  IS  I  l.iy  li.is  no  inori-  thin  tliree  f.ilhi-ins  williiii  three  i|iiartei's  of  a 
iiHii'iil  iMlxliillA  I'ollit.  lull  .IS  only  sill, ill  \e-Nsi'|s  tr.lde  here  t  In-y  keep  as  close  niidei  Ulixliliry 
llirl  ami  I'liint  as  pi.ssilile  in  order  to  c.ii'ry  the  sninmer  wind  into  the  lau'ooii. 


Tl 


I'll'  I'' one  loik>    spot   III    I'.alleliis    I'liy  insidi'    the    lile.lkeis  of   l»nxl>ill.\'  K'eef.      If  lies  one 


■lull' siiiiili  ^i\ty  seven  ile;;rees  east  i."!.  (17  K.)  fiitrii  the  easteriiiiiost  e\tri'mit\  of  It.illenas  liliitf, 
iinl  li.is  I  lull  cell  feet  upon  it  with  li\e  and  I  liree  ijiiarters  f,itliiiiiis  aroninl  il  :  llie  three  I'll  liom 
iiH'iiinl  liicaki'i's  of  the  reef  are  nearly  one  tlnrd  of  a  iiiilc  to  the  soiiihwest  and  iiorlliwesi  froiii  it. 

.Iil^t  inside  the  entrance  to  llalli'liis  l,a;.'Oiiii,  on  the  west  side,  was  the  riiited  .Slates  Life 
!*iinii^  .•^i.iiioii  r.alleiias.     The  linildin^  was  Iniined  in  .\|iiil,  I.SS."(. 

rill-  liiiiiN  olf  lialli'iias  r>a\  is  nanieii  the  |tii\linr,\  IJeet"  lliioy,  and  is  descrihed  under  that 
iii'.iil.  mill  also  niiiler  the  .Vjipioaches  to  San  I'laiicisco, 


'I  I' 


^i' 


I 


§ 


I'Ml 


mil  "  It. ill. 11 


!•*        11  il  illltl|ll.l 


ll'    i.'V.'I'.ll   S|.|.|lni;;^  Il    \v,|.i     M.'IIM.'il    iil'l.   I     I'l.ll 


\i.lll 


II..III 


'lii-'liii'l  |.;i.it  i.t   Viki'UMiii'h  i'T|ii-ililiiiii  ill  |i;ii.'-:(,  :iiiil  ..III' 111'  til.'  |.iliili..r  iIh'  v.ih    Ii'/im'/iii.  lii>t   ill    lliis  xi.iiiity  ill 
1*1  liy  ('.  nil.  null.    Oil  till' tir'ttl 'nasi  Siirvi'j  rliurl  llir  iiiiiiir  1^  H|ii'lliil  ll.iiiii'iiiiM.      liii.  i'.;iilil  riilliMl   it    Kiallii  (.'nve 

111  l".'iii. 


« 


192 


PACIFIC    COAST    I'll.ur. 


DT'XIUTUY    rolNT   AM)   BKKF. 


r  i 


[11 


I«^ 


ft'<\ 


¥' 


'    '                   '''Mil 

i  1  'f!|y| 

1 

.   L''<iifl 

1 

I      !? 


iAS)iU-:!i.iSSSS^lSM'^MPJA^WI4!?^m 


Duiibln  l'i)iiit,  r)0(t  fwt.  niixliiiry  I'oint  aiul  Kecf,  NW.  bv  N.  i  N.,  Hiiiiltis. 

Ai>|iri>u<'li<!it  tt>  the  Entranu*-  of  Sun  KiiiiiciHCo  Buy  (frdiii  tin-  Itimy  olF  the  Bar).  Bailf  nas  Bay. 


lSJi»».  - 


■  *•--.•->• 


Koi'kv    I'lMlll. 

MiMiiit  'raiiiuipitlH,  V>,i;()4  I'vi't.  N.  i  K..  10^  iiiilcH. 


.sai«t?;35»ss*.3B3*-.<£S 


Point  Kiinnta.   Limn  Point. 

NE.,7  mileH.     „  ■   »  r>    1 1 
Point  Diablo. 


»>  ■  -•  *»' 


fe"^ 


-ggWT.-gilWJ^WW'W 


'"•*-rf^*^*r.'  rtv5^^^^^-^|» -*■-*• '^'j^y 


'''■■'""''•''  I'oin.  I.iablo 

Cillllll'M  dull'. 


Ali'iitiii/  Nhinil 

Kort  Point 
NK.  liv  K..'.iniilr« 


Mount  Piublo,  m,  Miili.>*,  :i,S4^  fci'l. 

Pinnt  l.oboH,  HiMMiil  Top 

NK.  liy  K  }  K.,  7  uiiU<N 


Kliii'  Mountain. 


Ocean  Side  Honsp. 


)ni  this 


lU 


II 


I'llill 
Sdiil 

I'diii 

W.'s 
Wlii 

:iuiil.  I'l^'li,  iiij( 
.iii'l  -  iiiil  I'csli 
.ilti'i  ii.itt'  I'lil;;! 
ciiiiliiiuiMis  scr 

.lllil  IMl'si'lltillJ 

I  hii'c  Mild 
W.    l:   Ml   r.illl. 

ilii'  rt.iiiT,  ami 
i-liisc  iiiiilci'  its 
rliil  IS  tiiiir  Inn 
iliri'i'ils  111  t'roii 
tl.ii'i'  I'.itlKiiii  li 
riir  ^■{■(111(1  rue 
Ai'sl  liy  west  (! 
liic  >  line  as  til 
li'i'rl  iiiiil  other 

l'!t(  .|    I  >(Mllllo 

I  Niiii  Diixl 

li:ir  l-i  MTV  {!l(i> 

I1'mi"Ic  into  L 

I  'ic  rock  II 

iviicii  It  hears  ; 


I'nim  tile  t; 

'IHiirii'is  iioi'ili  I 
"I  l'"iiit  lie.vcs 
i'nmi  Diixliiirv 
ivi'>i  ii\  west  (N 
t'l.i  liiw  shore.  I 
"iiii'li  hears  nor 
l'"im  lieves.  !• 
'"  «ii!im  line  in 
l'"i:il  -Ilelehili;,' 
'  '■  wliile  I 
■'.'.\n  in  marly 

I  iiN  CIIIA  III; 

"■■•iv\  iiuiihuest 
''I'llll  l;e\es  ii  . 
«"itli.-a,st  yales, 

III    till'  Splill 

l"''i  liii'  re\eiii| 
"llll'l   \.'v,,.|,s    til, 

riN'ks.iir  I  he  ea.s 
'"■•'nj-soiiihwe! 

'""■Ill  ^,ih•  of  tlu! 
lilM-nl  III,,  swel 
HillllDlli. 

'  '■        ^'  lllli|:llU'i 
W}  "'■   »■  N,.« 


ili 


J'ACIFK,"   COAST   IMI.OT.  193 

!  mm  tliis  point  wo  liave  tho  following;  heariiijjs  iiiul  distaiKU     to  important  objects: 

I'liint  lir,M-s  l.inlit-lioiisc '.   -t\  W.  ITi  iiiilcH. 

Scmilira-.!    I'liialloii  I.jmIiI  limisi' S.  vl'.l  '*'.  IH  niili'H. 

Iiiixliiin   IJi  I'f  lliiii\,  III  I'.' f;itliiiiiiH  S.  .ill  i;.  ;i;  iiiilcH. 

rmiit  Itiiiiit.i  l.i^lil-licin-c S.  T"-  I'..  11  tiiili'H. 

Wrst  1  ml  rmii  iJlliMiii  liaiili.  Mlink  liiKiv  in  I'.J  ratliiiiim S.  .Ml  K.  T?  iniloH. 

Wliislliiit;  lliKiy  nil  ilii'  Hal  in  l.'ij  riillMiiiis ,S.  HI  K.  '.•!!  iiiili'8. 

I'oililf  I'oiiif.—  Vnv  It'll  milts  11(11  tliwunl  of  Diixtmry  iii'ct  tlio  hard,  rocky  slioro  (!ontiniios 
iiiilil,  I'ljjli.  anil  prccipiloiM,  lint  (jnnlii  I'lv  mcrjii'.s  into  ciills,  cDiisistin;;'  cliit'lly  ^>\'  yi'liowi.sii  i-.Iay 
111, I  -iiiii  rt'.sijnj;  ii|>()ii  ^jianitf;  ami  a.s  Hit'  surt'at:f  i.s  it';;iiiarly  nmliilatiii;;,  witli  tiif  ilircction  of 
.ilini.  lit'  rnifit'.s  ainl  valJi-ys  al  ri^lit  auj^li-.s  tt)  tlii<  .sliort-,  tlif  wfaiiii;,'  action  of  tlii'  .surf  t'orins  a 
,,iiiiiiiuoii.s  st'i'ii'.s  {){'  riHiml  lopped.  lirij;lit,  vcrticiil  liliill's,  a\  ('ra;;'infi  nt'ariy  one  iinndrt'd  feet  liiy'i, 
iiiil  pii'scnlin^  a  very  notict'iiMi'  featiiii'  from  tlic  ><t'a.* 

Ilni't'  anil  one  tliiril,  and  three  and  threeipiaileis  miles  north  liftynint^  de^jree.s  west  (X.  ."iiP 
W.  iiiai  r«Ml!eMas  Point  are  two  well  marked,  hi;;li,  pieci|(itons,  roeky  elilfs  fominjj  lioldly  upon 
ilii' u.iier,  and  liaviii;;  sli^lilly  lower  ground  liehind  tlieiii.  The  sonthern  one  has  a  small  rock 
,l,iM  Milder  its  t'xlremiiy  and  almost  eonneeted  with  it  al  low  water.  'I'lie  liii^liest  point  of  this 
r!:il  I- I'linr  linmlred  and  sixty  feel  alioxc  the  set.  Tlie  northern  elilf  has  two  roeks  otTit;  onii 
.Iui'i'iIn  mi  front  two  hundred  and  lil'ly  yards  from  the  li.ise  of  the  liliitVand  extending  from  the 
;!. ICC  I'.ithom  line  lint  to  ei;;ht  fathoms  ;  it  is  one  hundred  and  twenty  live  yanis  loii};,  and  low. 
riic  M'l'ond  roek  is  less  than  one  ipiarter  the  si/.e  of  ilie  former  and  lies  two  hnndied  yards  north- 
i.«!  ii\  west  (NW.  by  \V.)  from  it  in  liviMtrsix  fatlionis.  The  height  of  this  northern  elilf  is  about 
;iics:iiiit'  as  the  soiiiliern  one.  These  points  are  freipienlly  referred  tu  in  plaeinj^  the  Dnxbiiry 
i;icf  ;iiid  oilier  iinoys,  ete.,  and  are  txhiliited  in  sume  of  the  views  of  lliis  vittinity.  They  were 
iinnl  Double  I'oint  by  the  I'.  S.  (^last  and  (leoiletie  Survey  in  ISS.'!. 

limn  Dnxbnry  IJeef  northward  the  sonndin;,'s  are  deeper  close  inshore,  so  that  the  ten-fatlioin 
liic  i>  very  close  upon  the  rock  lyin;r  under  Doiilile  Point,  aiid  thence  eontinnes  only  half  a  mile 
ill  ^h"ie  into  Drake's  liay. 

llie  rock  under  the  elilVs  ol  Double  Point  looks  like  a  whitish  house  with  two  tiark  wiiulows 
niicii  It  liears  about  northeast. 

DUAKK'.s   HAY. 

1:1111  tlu>  tail  of  Dnxbnry  Heef  to  the  western  head  of  Point  Reyes  the  course  is  west  three- 
■fl.wii  IS  north  (\V.  'J  N.),  and  the  tlistance  .seventeen  and  onelhinl  miles.  _  To  the  eastern  head 
"I  I'l.iiii  lleycs  the  course  is  west  by  iiorlh  (\V.  by  N.),  distance  fourteen  ami  one  I hirti  miles. 
Iroiii  l»ii\luiry  Point  the  shore  is  Ixild  and  e niip.nt,  a.s  alieads  described,  rnnniii;;  iie.irly  ninth 
'U'^\  1)\  west  (NW.  by  \V.)  for  about  ten  miles,  then  en  rvinjiH;railiially  to  the  westward,  chan^in;; 
I". I  \u\\  shore,  until  it  rc.iches  its  f,'rcatest  latitude  at  the  eiitiaiiee  to  the  I'^slt-ro  de  Limaiitonr, 
'Iji'li  lic.ll-i  liortli  by  east  li.ilf  e,is|  (N.  hy  |;.  A  iv),  tlislalll  lliiee  miles,  from  t he  eastelli  head  of 
t'liiii  iicyes.  I'ldin  the  moutli  of  this  e.-leio  the  line  cni\fs  to  the  soiithwesi  ward  anil  southward 
'""iiiiiii  one  mile  wes'  o;  ! ii,- eastern  end  of  Poiiii  lleycs,  le.iviii;^  a  Ion;;-,  motlerately  liifih,  narrow 
l>"i:il  ^iielilijii;;  lo  the  <a>l,  mii   the  proicmjialiou  of  w  liieii  'he  bie.ikeis  exleiid  half  a  mile. 

Ilie  while  clilVs  commence  at  the  soiithwesit  i ii  aii;;le  of  the  bay  and  continue  rtiiind  to  ea.st- 
«.inl  iir  marly  .six  miles,  eiiiliiifx  at  hi;;h  while  sand  dunes. 

Tills  ciiivin;,'  shore  line  forms  Drake's  l!a\,  which  aifoids  a  larj^e  and  admirable  aiichoraf^e  in 
"  ivN  iiiiilhwest  weather;  and,  liy  ancliuiiiit;  close  in  under  the  north  side  of  tlie  eastern  end  of 
I'l'iiit  l;e\es  ii  .  ,  or  live  fathoms,  hard  lioltom,  liood  but  conlraeted  aui'lior,i;ie  is  obtainetl  in 
^"iiiiii  i>t  ua'cs,  as  the  .swell  rollint;  in  from  the  southwest  is  bioken  by  the  reef. 

ill  Ilie  splints  "l"  ItST'J  no  less  than  sixteen  vessels  were  anchored  here  at  one  time.  In  .Vpril, 
'■"lii,  liie  ie\enue  steamer  Wi/nitilii  ran  lieliiiid  the  leel'  in  heavy  southeast  weather,  and  tliidin^ 
"tlici  \c'>m1s  tliere,  anchored  wilh  the  exlremily  of  the  reef  liearin;;  e.ist-.southeast  (IC.SI';,),  the 
i'"l»^"it  lliecasiern  head  beaiiii;,'  southeast  half  cast  (Si:.  \  !•;.),  anil  a  hi^h  knolt  on  the  riil^je 
'"■iiiiiii;  -iimihwest  half  south  (S\V.  \  .S.).  In  this  position,  which  is  one  ipiarter  of  a  mile  oil  the 
""iili  s.cle  iif  tlie  eastern  point,  the  vessel  ;;ot  tour  fathoms  over  sticky  bottom.  When  rounding' 
liiiMcr  the  swell  was  very  lieavy  for  a  shmt  time,  but  when  the  reef  was   passeil  the  water  was 

Mltlnnlll. 

'  li-  i  Miiililiiiicc  til  p.irlM  of  llic  ii>ast  III'  I'.imliiiiil  Wilt  lino  of  the  n'asniis  wliicli  liiiliii'oil  Sir  rraiicis  Uritlic  to 
•I'l'l)  111-  11  ,iiii'  New  Alliion  to  iho  coiinliv  in  .liinc,  l,):',i. 
1   Jll  Vf i;t 


i 

i 

I 


1 1 


I  I 


I 


%  tj 


!; 


■■i\ 


■'■i'l 


u  .■ 


«r    i 


•>}  1 1 


■f. 


I     1.1  ti 


■:  in  r 


194 


PAcirif  COAST  pii.or. 


V 

f;; 


M 


In  iipproacliinK  Drakt-'s  Wax  troiii  tlu>  soutlit'astwanl.ii  vessel  crossing  tlic  San  Fiaiicisi'.  W.u 
over  tin'  wcstt'i'ii  ciul  »il'  tin-  Four  I'atlioni  I'lank  near,  Imt  outside  of,  the  western  linoy,  woiilil  -',ii 
a  course  west  l>.v  north  half  north  (W.  h\  N.  >,  N.).  and,  at  four  and  a  hall'  miles,  pass  I)ii\!,,in 
Keef  I'liio.v  three  ipiarteis  of  a  mile  on  the  stailmard  hand  in  twelve  fathoms.  Northwaiil  ui  ih.ii 
she  can  apitroach   the  shore  liiu'   if  necessary,  heraise  the  ten-fathom  cnrve  extends  o;il\    i  „,iii 


half  a  mile  olVshoie.  and  the  lilleon  fathom  rnr\e  aliont 


one  mi 


le.     As  Drake's  H 


iiv  IS  ap|piii  h  ii, 


the  luittom  hec'Miies  solt  and  sticKv  mud.  Towards  the  east  head  of  I'oint  Ite.ves  the  smiihlm.;. 
decrease  very  (|nickl\,  and  in  a  tiistaiice  of  six  hundred  yards  they  ranjie  from  tweiiiy  f.iilnMiiv 
over  hard  bottom  to  Ineakers. 

Approaching;'  the  l>ay  Irom  the  westward,  there  is  hold  water  dose  nniler  the  somiIi  l.iiiui 
I'oint  IJeyes,  and  the  cast  point  can  he  rounded  just  outside  the  breakers,  which  niaiK  lli,  h.i. 
If  it  should  be  so  exi'cptionally  smooth  that  it  does  not  break  nearly  one  half  mile  ea>t  iVom  ili,. 
point,  round  it  at  a  little  more  tiian  that  distance  on  a  north  course:  continue  one-thiiil  of  ■,{  iml, 
and  tlii'ii  haul  in  under  the  north  side  of  the  point, 

Several  estcros  or  lajiouns  o|ieii  into  the  iini  th  side  of  the  bay,  but  tlicir  ciitraiii'cs  iiif  \  ii  i 
narrow  and  shoal.  The  lai;rest  is  lliitl.r's  /,'.</(  ck*.  which  .siretehcs  to  the  northwar.l  ii\r\  iln.i. 
miles,  and  one  of  its  numerous  arms  apprnaches  within  .1  mile  of  the  ocimii  beach  li\c  iiiili's  iniiili 
ot  I'oint  l{eyc>  lie. id.  The  cnlr.llu-e  Ir  litis  1.1:^.1011  ii.is  ei;,'hl  IccI  of  water,  ami  is  L;ciicl;iil\  iii.n  |,cil 
by  breakers  on  eitiier  hand.  Small  coa>l<TS  can  enter  with  the  prevailing  noiihwesl  uinl:  u, 
have  w. Itched  tlieiii  layiii;;  a  course  ill  dose  h.iiilcd,  take  one  or  two  breakers,  unci  run  into  siii.ui;!, 
water. 


Thf  Tiilf  at  lh-<ikcs  liny. — The  Corrected   Kstablishmeiit  <n'  mean  interval  between  il 
the  Moon's  transit  over  the  meridian  and  the  time  of  lli;;h  Water  is  XI''  II'".     Thi'  mean  1 
fall  of  the  tides  is  three  and  six  li'iillis  tei't.  spring'  tides  lour  and  a   half  feet,  and  ne.ip  t 


IC  iKlir  1. 1 


l-r  .11;. 


p  thlc^  I«. 

ami  seven  tenths  t'cet.     The  mean  duration  of  the  rise  is  (i''  '_'!•"';  the  mean  dur.ition  nf  ili,   i,,l!  |. 

III.  ii'li.< 

ce^.  V.  h.'ii  ill, 


.">''  ,"».>'".     The  axeinLTc  dift'eicnce  between  the  ("oiiccted    I'-stablishmeiit  nf  the  a.  111.  aiiil  \> 
of  the  ;iaine  da\  is  1''  .'ill'   for  hiL;li  water,  ami   (!''  Id'"  for  low  water.     These  dilVeren 


moon's  declination  is  ^jre.ilest,  are  L''','{(i"  and  (•''  |S"'  respectively.  The  averai^c  dill'i'iiin  i-  n. 
hei;;lit  of  the  a.  m.  and  p.  111.  tides  of  the  same  day  is  nne  and  one  tenth  feet  tor  the  liiL;li  wit.  i«. 
and  two  ami  a  hall  lect  foi  the  low  w, iters.  W'iicn  the  moon'^  dc.iiii.ition  is  ;;re.itesi,  iIicm  .|;IV. ; 
I'lelices  are  one  ami  one  ii.ilt'  led  and  thli'C  and  nilietellths  feet,  lespecln  el\ ,  I'lie  ,,\,'i,K<- 
dilfereiice  of  till'  ln;,'her  hi;;li  ,111  1  tile  lower  low  w.iteis  o|'  the  same  day  is  li\e  and  luii;  Iimi'Ii- 
feet,  and  when  the  moon's  declin.ition  is  ;;reatest.  six  and  three  leiiihs  IVet.  The  lii.;!iri  lh;;li 
tide  in  the  t  wcniy  toilr  hours  ocim  lis  ulioiit  Id'  ."i.l "  .liter  ilie  moon's  nppi'i  liaiisil,  u  hen  ilii'  .In ,, 
nation  is  soul  li.      The  lower  of  the  low  watel  s  occurs  about  se\  en  hours  after  the  III;; her  lii-!i  u.ih  1. 

The  Coast  and  (ieodetic  .Survey  Tide  Tables  for  the  I  Mel  lie  Coast  show  the  relation  oi  tin-  ;iil.> 
of  Dr. ike's  I'.ay  to  those  of  San  I'laiicisco  under  the  head  of  Tii.al  ( 'oiistants. 

.\t  I'oint  I  (eyes  the  hi;;h  w.itersare  t  weiily-li\e  minutes  earlier  and  two- tent  lis  of  u  iimi  lnjii.  1 
than  at  Saii  I'ruicisco. 


Tl 


le  secoiiilar\  astronomic, il   vt.iiion   ot'  the  Coast    Sui\e\    w,i.->uii   the  north   sii 


small  ^Millv.   live  ei;;litlis  o!  .1  mile  li.iin   the  cistern  end  ol    roint    Ilexes,  and  .iKoiil 


.1   ill.  Ill-' 
■ui,:\  I(ti 


above  the  W.I 


ter.       Il- 


,'ia| 


iliii'.il 


position  i.s 


l..ililii.lr :I7     .V.I    ;(.-,  , ril. 

'.'<:•  .11  ».  ^1. 


I,iill;;llllili'    I'.'-J 

•  ir.  ill  tun.' 


-'   It    :.\' 


The  ma;,'nctic  \-,iiialion  for  .l.iniiai.x  I.  |s>!.">.  i>  \i\     |."<'  e.is'.  with  a  mmiIn    iiicic.i>.'  "' 
The  b,i>   wasrormeil\    kii.iwn  a.>  .Sir   I'l.iii.is   Dr.ike's  l;,i\.      This  is  the  I'.ici  lo  ih   ."^  ii 
cisco  of  the  Spaniards  as  far  b.ick  as  l."i'.t."».      I  1    was  eeii.iinls    known   bclnie  ilic  lime  ..i    \ 
who,  h.ixiii;,'  sejiiir.ited   from   his  tender,  sou^'ht    her  in    Port    l''ianciseo.  aceordiii;;   i  ■   ^ 
accoiiiit. 


1.1  Ml    11  imylliiii);  wiis  In  !«•  fniiinl  of  the  Sun  .liiijMnlini ,  hIiIiIi,  in  tin-  Mtir  I4'.l.\  liiiil,  1(\  khIiii.i  11     M  ;.|i 


mil  til.'  \  1. 


■oiy.  Imu  .(iiil  11.1111  III.'  I'liill'iiiii.  1  li.v  till'  (■.)\crii.>r  Ol  ^tiirvi'_>  I  In'  rmi.'.l  ••(  ('ulil'iiiiia,  11 11 


.In    III.    .;.l.-.;li' 


if  .Si  liiLsiioi  If.Mliiyii.'/  I'.iiii.ii  .1.   i  |iil.it  .il  kii'i'.vii  a'liliti."*,  Imt   \v:it  ilnn'ii  .■i?»li.iii'  1:1  llii-<  l.ail.ni  I' 
il'  till'  wiiiil  ;  anil   aiiinti;;  iilln'ri.iii    li.ianl    llin    .Sum     Ih^ni'iH)'   was   llii'    jiilut  I'raiiriir"  \  nlainm,  win 
[piliit  i.r  llii'   '•i)iia'lri.ii  " 

This  pilot  reco;.'iii/ed  the  b  i>   as  bcin^  that  where  he  was  wrecked. 


•r..riii.  ih 


■  I  ill'    I,  1.  i'..i.    l.iiii  oii.iiir.  .iitiT  I. 


Il «  1...  !..>'  till'  M. 


.!      Il/Kc/;. 


til  tliiH  lai;iMiii  itliiiiil  l-ll.      It  ii.iniil  iIh  |iii'in'iit  iiaiiii'  Innii  tin-  I  .  S.  Cia-l  .Siuvry  in  iNiH. 


li'i 


i 


III 


<i 


%m^ 


Ij    u 


I  f 


A  la' 


^' 


I 


Uii' 


.''  .,«^ 


I'l 


t 

1 

fIvifiS  !• 


'^ 


S. '' 


DonbUPolnt,NW.i  W..  Tmilcn,  500fi>et;  it  lnS  mllmi  northwMfwar.l  froin  Hallena-.  roint. 


;-'->f^C^J^: 


Breakpn.  90il  .Vi't.  |liwik.T-<. 

KaHtwrii  I'xtri'iiilty  of  I'oiiil  Ri>yiw  llraii. 


Cliimiicv  Kiiik, 
N.NW  ,'■.'  inilfs. 


I'(i);«irt>ll. 
Wutrr  tank.      l,ij;til-liiiiiw 
I'diiil  Ue.vtM  l.i;;lit-lii>iiH(' ami  l'i)/-<iriii,  K  j  N..  1  mile. 


Chimiiry  1l.1i  k, 
EuHl'-rn  I'oiiil.  4  iiuIilh. 


li 


On  t|j<>  III] 
liivast  III*-  I'l 
■laiirix'ii  ill  w  I 
mill"-  'o  Mil'  v,i- 
I'  li.i>  Im'i'Ii 
;)riii  S.iii  I'r.iiici 
:ii.    (Si'c  rt'iii.i 

lie  li'M  lliwol  ( 

Si'.  7,  issc.)     'I 

li'Iil't  i\  ilo;:,  s 
ilaiitiill     Suiiii 

i):i  ail  nlil 
'mill    l.'rvcs  W  h 

llraUc's   I'l, I 

l>lii'il   \>\    till'  S 

I  il  iliil  ill;;  siiill 

ill'  III' iilil.iliiiii 

livill;;  laiu'c  iiiii 

liiltllra-I  VV  Mill, 
Jrll"     till'    I'lslcl'i 
I'  ^    Il    !ll>c!l     ill 
fl        -  ,.  >    US.       I 

h  ■     '  .i\t'rai;c  I 

I  •'  nii'liit  sa, 

|l.       :    I  ilitllill'  ;! 

tl.     '■■■■■■:    iiiilil   t 

0|  ■■!   .il'  111,'  IKI 


I  I  -Miiii'  nis; 
Ml'        Il  IS  Ihf  I 
|6ir     11.  1-  lo  San 
l»      'III'  liii'lio 


&..    . 


I  |ii'i'i'i|iii 


iti'     ■•'.   ii\c  jiiiii 
I«i    Jil    line  ra 


dii 

I'll  is  pi'i'ii 

til. 

'.-!    [Iiulllit 

ni 

-•il'      till'    !• 

la 

:i''  null'  u 

Ui' 

■li'\ai'i|. 

fr 

■^1'-  ucst «  a 

it- 

'1  ii'li'n-;nr 

III' 

'  illmy:  l.n 

isl 

•     'amliiu 

eu- 

■      ■!        I'iii. 

i      <      UCStl'lll 

Ml 
b.1 

'ki'll  ('Ml 

1  l.\  a  -a 

W.i  . 

iMili-a^ 

~ 

'         ;'    iMloll.'.l 

IDV 

!'".  i|rif  f, 

.  H  hilli'.tili'l 

"II.  Ins  M- 

to. 

iiiiii   i-'i',i 
'ini  ill',  N 

k> 

■ '  fill'  III' 
'    .1  Calil'di 

I'.Arii  ic  coAsr  iii.i>r. 


l\)5 


Oil  llh-  I  nil  Si'iitciiilit'i',  I77!*,  till'  Fm-iirihi  iimlr  I'iihIcj,'!!  \  (^iiailra  anclniicd  in  San  ('rancisco 
|lliri'a>'    III''   rn'>iilii>,  :ini!   In-  rciimls  liavin;;  iiTii^'iii/cd  In  liis  satislacluHi  the  I'ihtIimIi!  San 
niiH'i^i'o  ill  vNliit'li  ^^as  lust  tlii'  Sun  A  iiijiixtiiir  rioiii  tin-  I'll illi|iin('  isiantls,  ami  wliirli  pint  is  two 
Dlilfs  ;<>  the  r.isl  of    I'ninI    iti'.VfS. 

I'  has  lii'cii  a  i|iirsiiiiii  w  lirtlici  Sir  I'laiiris  I  iraKr  anriinri'il  anil  '■liiinnirii"  liis  sjiips  in  this  lia.v 
Ll'iii  Sill  Fiaiici.xii  \\^\  ;  a  imicIiiI  \\ci;;liili;;  ol  t  lie  cn  lilciiff  is  clear  1\  ai|\  iTsc  to  lis  liciii;,'  in  the  lat- 

III.    I  Sri' rriiiai  ks  on  San  I'i.iim'Im'ii  ami  also  s Il.iiiv  \ii\a;;rs  ol' ilisro\  n  \  ami  ixploratiun  on 

llir  ii.M  iliwcst  foast  of  AimiiiM  li  tin  I.'i.l'.t  to  !(l(t>;"  Siipcniiti'mlmt's  anniial  ii'|ioil,  Apiirmlix 
Kiv  ~,  l^^i'.)  I'll)'  Nicasio  liiiiiaiis  all-  s.iiil  In  Ii.im'  a  liailiiion  llial  l>i'aki'  lamlril  al  l)i'aki''>  Hay. 
Ili'lrli  a  (jo;;,  soini'  piy;s,  smls  ol  sr\rial  kimis  ol'  ;;iaiii  ;  ami  soinr  Itisiaiits,  wliirji  llic  natives 
lliltlli'l  !     Soaie  ol    Ins  men  ilexei  leil,  all  il  mi  Mil  \k  illi  I  lie  1 1  ilies  ailiaceiil. 

(la  an  olil  Spanish  eliail  ilieie  is  a  little  imleiilalioii  of  the  coast  line  alioiit  the  lalitmleor 
I'miil  h'eyes  wliicli  is  ilesi;i'naleil  ••  H.ihia  de  S,    i''raiicisco  Hiak," 

III, ike's  iiav  is  very  niiniilelv  ami  accurately  ilescrilieil  in  the  Treatise  on  Navi;;alion  pul)- 
li>liiil  l>>  llic  Spaiiisli  ailmiial.  .lose  Calirera  riiiemi  (ion/ales,*  at  Manila  in  IT.'tl.  lie  ilirecis 
III. It  iliiMii;^  soiilli  or  soil  I  Ilea  st  w  imis  vessels  anchor  in  the  southwest  aii;;le  of  I  Iraivc's  Hay,  ahreast 
llii'  III' iiin.il  ion  of  III''  lie  tell,  ami  they  may  also  eiiier  the  esteio,  on  the  li.inks  of  winch  were 
IjMM;;  lai;;('  lliimlicis  of  Imliins.  This  esteio  he  places  "ahreast  llic  three  wiiile  clill's  to  the 
hiiiliic.isi  ward,  where  tlieie  is  an  e>lii,irv  of  the  se.i  which  has  a  ;;oo(i  eiilraiice  without  olistriic- 
licii"  the  l'',slero  lamaiiloiir  or  Draki'Vs  l'',sii'iiii.  Il  woiihl  appeal'  from  his  ilesci  ipiimi  I  hat  (ioii- 
liili  V  liimsclt  dieu  his  informal  loll  from  oilier  parlies,  not  wilhstaihliii;;  the  details  which  lie 
iiiiiislii's  lis.  lie  placed  it  m  lal il iide  :is^  ,  Init  Ills  laliliidesof  I'oinis  Arena,  IIcM's,  and  Alio 
iiic\.i  ,ivera;;e  half  a  dc^free  too  lii;;li. 

Ill  iiiellit  says  ( lii'.iT  I  that  thi-  ••  I'ort  de  l.os  Keyes"  is  a  i;'oo(l  one,  and  also  that  of  i>on  (Jas- 
bill  III  latitude  lis ';  lint  he  was  only  a  pas';eii;:er  in  one  of  the  I'hillipiiie  ships  and  did  not  si;,'lit 
jliiii,,!-,!  until  the  vesstd  I't'ached  the  .Santa  Harhara  Islands,  lie  doiihtlcss  was  repealiii;;  the 
||>aiii>ii  of  the  iiavi;;ators. 

roiNT  iti'vrs. 


1       r?  m 

'■  If 


)    ' ,    Si 

K    '    ' 


rllv-"*' 


ill  some  respects  this  is  the  most  |>romiiieiit  and  rem  irkahle  headland  north  of  Point  ('oiieep- 

lini.     ll  is  the  iiorthucstei'ii  iioint  of  I  he  I  in  If  of  I  lie  l''ai'allom's,  and  i^  (li>tiiiclly  \  is:  hie  I'lom  the 

lilr.iii'  !■  to  San  P'raiicisco  1",  ly.     Tlie  cicsi  line  of  i  lie  iidLre  presents  an  irregular,  jai;;:ed  outline, 

•Im'  iii^lie-.l    part   alioin   one  foiirlli  of  its   Iciiirth   from   the  western  extremity.      Its  sontliern 

[111'         1  piccipitoiis  wall  id'  hard  sienitie  ;:iaiiite.  rising  l'oldl\  from  the  ocean,  allainiii;:'  an  ele\a- 

Iti'  iiw  hiiiidred  and   iiiiieiyse\eii  feel    in  iliice  liiuidred  yards,  and  slreti'hinj.'  inaiieaily 

fill     .'<■    \i a-t    liy    mii'th   ami    west    liy   south    (  fl.  Ii.\    N.  and  W.  liyS.i   foi-   ilnce   miles.     This 

|(li'  !i  IS  peculiar  on  the  co.ist.  .rul  umiid  not  lie  expi'if  il  from  a  eoiisidciatioii  of  the  trend  of 
Itli'  >.~i  moiintains  and  ol  the  I'lialloni'-,,  which  are  in  line  northw  e-t  and  southeast.  On  the 
|lli  -  ac  the  cape  isco\eied  '.villi  L;rass  and  t.ills  away  leuiilarlv  to  .i  low.  mm.IuI.ii jni;  neck  ol" 
■  ■  mile  wide,  (111  lip  in  places  by  esieros  makiiii;  in  from  iM'.ikc's  r.ii\.  When  made  from 
itli'  'linard.  I'oiiif  Iti'M's  is  r.iiseil  as  a  loii^,  moileralely  hiuli  islam!:  Iiiit  on  a|)proachiiii,'  it 
Ik'  •*  •  \M  ^twaid,  it  is  )iroiected  upon  tlie  in  tinlains  iiinniiiu'  iiorlh  from  Mount  Tamalpais.  and 
it-  I  •li'i'isiics   aie   not    so  re.iddy  recoMui/i'd    iinhss   llie   ha/e  i-,   I.miili    ple||\  dense  o\er   the 

iki  '  linu  kind   lichiml  il.      In  eoiiiini;  from  the  mulliwcst   the  head  lirst   shows  as  a  Ion-,',  blue 

'aiidiii:;  well  out  from  the  lii;;lier  I'oini    IJe.Ncs  i;iil;.'e.t  which  lies  ei;:lit  miles  to  the  nortli- 


E  cu- 


rl 


lis  was  om 


(d'tlie  t'catnres  noticed  in  the  landfall  liy  the  old  Spanish  iia\i^ators. 


>li'ru  head  proiects  over  half  a  mile  seaward  (west  soiii 


iwcsn  a." 


a  liiL;h.  narrow  riduo 


''on  cxlieunty  and  sides.     Noilhward  of  the  western  lieatl,  the  slioie  liiie  is  low.  stnii.u'ht, 
I  li,\  a  •>aiid  licacli.  .iml  has  no  rocks  or  liidilcu  daii;:ers.     The  eastern  head  stretches  east- 
I'l         •   mile  as  a  narrow,  nioderalely  liij;li  riduc  and  protects  the  soiitlieast  auchoia;^e  of  Drake's 


'!!  h ! 


^•'    It 


kb 


'  ililislh'il  .1  w.nK  .111  m;i\  I'^ilhiii  I'lilUl.'d  "  Navcn;ci.iii  ispt'cii  lal  i  v:i  y  prai-lir  i,  rmi  l;i  i'\iilii-,iriciii  ilr  :iIl;iiii. 


I'f  mir  I'Ntaii   111. IS  ''11    II 


,11  cut  II'  Ins  N:ivi';;:miIi's,  ciiii    las  i-r^lii.s  iii'i'i'sanas  paiii  sii  NriilailiTii  iisn :  'I'alila  ilr 


•  111  .Sill, 


ijii 


ailasi'l  iiii'i'iiliaMii  ilc  S.in  lln  iiariliiin:  v  inml'i  ilr  iiaM'^ar  pur  la  i;riiiiii'lria.  rl  i|iiailraiitr 


Ins  si'UilS  tll;r;|).|||||jril^  ; 


run  rsiaiMpas  \   li^jiiias.  .Manilla,  IT:il. 


iiini  I'rani'i'si'it 


lii'ini'lli  ('.iiri'i'l  iiiailr  Ills  i.iiir  imiii 


ll  tli^ 


mill  rniin   Naplrs  cislwanl  in  li'iait-'.i'.i,  ami  liis 


iniiU'l  Mnnilo.  was  |iiil>lislii'i|  at  N'apli's  m  li'i.i'i. 

1-  llii-  niiiiinl.iiii  iia^;!'  slri'liliin^  rimii  I'miil    li.illi'ii.ls  In  I'.Hiil    I'liMi.ili's  .iml  Uimu  n  as  llic  I'lnliilla  (jl'ainlo 

>  (alil'nrniaiis. 


li 


I 


It 


li 

II 'i 


ii>(; 


PAcirif  (MAsr  I'lMU'. 


Hay.     Tlu' li.isc  df  fliis  luaillaii'l  in  \('i\  liiiiKni  ami  loiU.x,  aiitl  lnirili'iid  In  ria;;<«  iiiiil  liiii    ,.  1 
III'  I'l.cks,  lull    mas  lit>   ImlilU  a|i|iriiai'lir>|,  ami  t'i;:lit    t'.itlioiiis,  liai'd    linlliim,  olilaitn'il    \mi|i:'    '.  ■ 
than  11  i|iiarli'r<>t°  a  mill' Iroiii  (III' sliiii'.     Oil' tlir  •  i^tiiii  rxtn-init.v  a  nrt' inakivs  out  liall  .1 
iMl  till-  |>loliili;,Ml lull  III'  till'  I II II II I.      I    I II III  tliK  In  r  I  iir  >i  .1  lilraks  lirav  iIn  in  liail  mhiIIii'I  l,\   \Vi  ,1     1  1. 
lull  a  ili'lilll  lit'  II  i  III*  tat  III  nil  >  ran  lir  rai  1  lr<l  I'lnsi'  lo  llir  linaki'l-i.       |ii>ii|i-  t  lir  irri'  ami  puilil  : !,.  h 

i.s  ^iMiil  aiicliiii.i;:!' ill  sii!itlii'a>ti'i'>  aiiil  rajiital  |ii'iitrrti>>ii  in  liravv  iiiirlli\M'>ti'rs,     (Sit  ilrsri     :  >: 
of  l)iaki''s  \\.\\,  l>.l;;r  l!".!.) 

Till'  CliiiiiiK  1/  lii'i  1.  Isli  I  lii>  III!  I  III'  rasliTii  I'li'i'  111'  tlir  |iiiiiil  I'lHiiiiiit;  l>iaki''.i  llax,  ami  ,i|  ^    1 
Hi'par.iii'il  ilirirliniii  \N lirii  Iti'.iriiii;  iiiirtli  ii>irili\M'>t.     It  w  cstiiiiati'il  to  lii>  Nixty  t'i't>t  lii;:li. 

Oil'  till-  \M'>trlll  I'Mli'iiiily  III'  this    liraillainl  a  ili'jilli  "I   Iwrhc  I'atlmiiis   is    t'niiiiil   lin.sr  ;.    it, 
rucks,  ami  t  wiMity  raiiiiiiiis  \\  ithiii  a  iiiilr.      AiuiiikI  llir  mhiIIu'III   tari>  llii>   ili-|illi    is  i'i;.'lit    I.iiim'Im 
rlosi- to  llii>  I'lirks,  aiiil   t  wi'iity  lalliniiis  oiii>  iiiili' nil'  slmri-.      In   iiiii>   ami    a  liall'  tiiili'>   lln-   li   r 
latlioni  pl.iti'aii   is  n-ariii'il,  aiil.  wiili  ^.'lailiiil    iiii'iiMsi-  In  llir   sniitliwanl,  it    rnriiis  pait.'  11,. 
;:iiMt  iilatt-aii  III'  llii'tliiir  III'  ilii'  I'.iialliiiii's. 

NiiH'li'i'ii  mill's  \M'>t  li\  siHiili  liair  mumIi  i  W.  Iiy  S,  '.  S  1  rnnii  ilii-  wi'-ilrin  lirail  i>['  I'niiit  l.'i  \'  ■ 
Ill's  tllf  ('iilili'li  ll.lllk  w  illi  MHiiiiliii:;'^  III' t  w  rlil,\  li\  ■'  l.il  lliillis  i||iiin  ll  ;  liii;  lilt  wi'i'li  llir  li  '  .1  .ih,; 
till'  liaiik  till*  \N  atri'ilri'|iriis  ;;i  ailii.iil.s  til  a' II lilt  mm  \  li\'i'  lai  liniiis  at  tliii  Iitii  iiiiIi-s  nvrr  a  lini''i:ii ./ 
Milt.  j;irrii  iiiiiil ;  ami  t  lii'ii  tin'  ilrplli  ilrri  ra^rs  iimt  a  liiil  tmii  iil'  maiM'  .xami  ami  Inn  km  >li.    - 

Tliis  suit  ^'irrii  iiiii'l  is  a  ili^t  111''!  iM' li'at  iiif  nl'  t  In' snnii'lniu's  lii'iiiT  to  till'  iiinllnsaiil  I'l  ~ 
pci'iiliaiity  t'NtrmU  Mintliwanl  III'  till' hi'.iil  hhIn  to  a  liiii' livi'  miirs  luii^  mi  a  soiiliiui^i  imih-, 
ami  soiilli  III'  tliat  llir  li.iiiniii  is  ^'I'lii'i.iJIs  haiil  iir  snl'i  n\.{\  sainl. 

N'i'.-M'ls  I'riiiii  till'  mu'tliw .ml,  Itiinml  to  Sm  l-'ianri-ir  i,  alw.iys  t'lnli'.ivor  to  iiiakr  I'liiiil  l^•.l. 
ami  if  till' wralliiT  l>i'  clr.ir,  tliry  m;;IiI.  lutwi'cn  tlic  lii;;li  inlyi'iif  Mount  'r.iiiialpais  m  l.i'i!. 
Mom  I  tain  to  tin*  r.isl  anil  Montaia  ^llllllll  liii  In  I  In'  sontlicaslwai'il,  two  iiioiiiitaiiis  on  tlir  mm:  Hum, 

ii,:iM-i 


pi'iiiiisiila  of  San    l''faiii'isco  tli.it 


i^limls,     Oiii' ol'  tlicst'  is   IMiii'   Miiiiiitaiii,  till'  i 


part  of  till' III. !>•;   known   as  tin-  Mis^inii    Hills,  iiini'  liiiinliiil  'ami    twrlily  Iri't  alio\  i' tin' .•>i  .1,  .i:.<; 
till'  otlirr  is  Alilii'v   Mill,  till'  lii;,'lii'st    p.iil  of   tlir   San    liiiitio  Mountain,  tliii'tct'ii  liniiilttil  ami 

twi'ntv  livr  I'rrt   liiull. 


rm.M'  lii'.vr.s  i niiti  iim  si'-. 


Till'  tower  lor  this  li;:lit   stainls  mi    tlir  wi'sti'inniost    pitrli  of    I'oiiit   liryi's,  ami   as   low  iI.hi 
as  pi.irliiM'ih'  III  oiilrr  In  III'  iimli'r  siiiii'  n|  till'  |'ii;;>  an  il  also  that  it  iiia\  lir  \  imIiJi    I'lmn  il iii 


t'a.stw.iril   ami   tlir   iiorthwarl.      It  is  .m  iron    Iovm'i-,  tlir  li  iistiiin  of  a  hi\trrii  snlnl 


|i,\  liiiiiiil 


t  wi'litythii-r  t'irt  in  hi'i;;lit,  ami  piiiiti'il  whitr.  'I'Ih'  top  ol'  tin'  I. intern  is  pailitiil  leil,  aiiil  tliili' 
is  liii  open  irmi  liiliisi  raili' aioiiml  1  hi' lower  |i.irt  painleil  lil.n-k  ;  also  an  oprii  l>,iliisti.ii|i'  .iim; 'I 
the  upper  part  ol'  I  he  tnuer  p,iin:i'i|  hhnU  The  iliiiiiiiiiatin^'  app,ii.ilii>  is  nf  tlie  lii>l  miln  n|  iln' 
system  of  l''ie.--ni'l;  it  was  liist  exlnlnii'il  Ueciinln'r  1,  IsTlt.  ami  .shows  fimn  .sunsel  In  siiihim-  .1 
.short  irliilr  tUtsli  III  ri/  tin  HKintdx.  Tin.  Imal  pi.ine  is  two  liiiinlieil  ami  ninel  \  six  feet  alin\  1  tfe  iiii'iii 
level  of  the  sea,  ami  the  li^ht  slioiiM  lie  \  isilih'  III  a  l.i\  nr.ilile  stale  of  the  atliiosphrie  Ihin  .1 
liei;;lit  of — 

III  ti'it  .It  a  ilisliiiiii'  III  ■.>;i.|  iiiili-N. 

'.'II  I'll  I  at  a  ilisl.iiiir  iif  '.').'.)  liiili'H. 

:ill  t'i'i'l  al  a  ilistaiii'i'  nf  '.'I'.e  iiiili'K. 

till  lilt  at  .1  ilislaii'  r    'f  •»'-  li  iiiilri. 

From  a  sliip'.s  ileik  it  is  vi.silile  from  the  W'hisilin;;  I'.nny  ntV  .s.m  I'ramiseo  r.,ir. 

e.ist    (.N.l>>    i:.)    thriiilj:li    the   ui~l    t.i  I'.i-i 


T 


le  emilji.iss  r.lti;ji'  1 


if  \  isilijlii  \  Is   Irmn    nni  t  li 


ll   .Atl'llil.l  j 


half  lioltll  (  1;.  iJ   N.„  SO  that  a  vessel  sees     it    alnn;;     lliesonlli     I, lee  nf   till'    heaillailil     aii'l    '^'1    III' 
CXtrellie  poilil  ;    ami  also  sees  it   t'rnill   the  lieaeli  illillli  ili,ltel_\    to  the  liollhwaiil. 

The  are  of  visiliilitN  of  the  li;;ill  is  l-iiiiliil  |i\  the  near  roek\  parts  nf  the  heail 
from  N.  I'')'  1'^  on  the  north  liearh,  ili.siant  tvsoaiiila  third  miles,  aimiml  liy  tin  iinrili 
iind  east  III  N.  ^11*  l\.  al.iii;,'  the  smith  f.iee  of  the  head. 

The  keeper's  dwelling'  is  a  while  struetiire,  t  ivo  hundred  and  lil'leeli  feel  lii^jher  ll 
of  the  li;;lil  liAier,  and  mi  the  in  ill  h  face  of  the  pnint. 


l.MI    ll.i     IM.'-l 


The  j;«'o;{rapliieal  iio.sitioii  of  the  Li^ht  house,  as  deteriiiiiied   liy  the  Coast  and  (1 


vev,  IS  : 


l.alilnili' 


ii; 


,'.!     :ir,    iiMiil. 


1,1'nyillllll' |-j:i  I'l  '.'I         VM•^l 


Or,  ill  IJMlr 


I'.""  II.,.  1 


The  niii^netii;  variation  for  .laiiuary,  lH<t,  was  lii^  i't'  east  and  the  yeaily  imii'a> 


( 


n 


\fi 


II »  ■;>' 


■'  1 

■V 

fl 

I      '  » 

;  fi'I 

■>  ■  'i 

■  r  "A   1, 

»•■■■■  1 

)    "  ^1 

;*   .  •   '  ' 

\    A 

p 

'  ^  1 

,  1  >i'  1 

jsif 

■  i  ' 

if 

i 

1 


Sontlipaiit  Karalloii  I.itlit-lioimo,  N\V.  Iiy  W.  ]  \V..rMirTmiltiH. 


SiiiitliiaHl  Kar.illdii  Lit^lillmiiHc.  SK,  }  S  .'.'J  imli' 


I'miii  til 


I 


Dii 

Wli 
Siiii 
Nor 

N.H 

liixl 

I'lli 

II 7n7.'  /.V 

s". :  i:.,  (list 


m 


h» 


The  f'o^  s 

III  llir  \VC>|('r 

mull  I'll  t'cfl 
Inning  fi 

[ti iiiils  of  ite 
\  i'>si'ls  r 

Mini  li'i'vcs. 
I'.rili 

Hi!  1  liulit  III 

ill^'-l.lll  rorV) 

II  i:ii-li>li  I'll 
1  Ins  licaii 
ii'li'  iliiy  ill 
It  UM.-i  lie 

ISft'l  II    |MI|llt 

II'  II, mil' 
n.v.  <'i    the    I' 

llijlislilll  ,  wii 
iliiiiiil  .lose 
II  not  lie  1111.- 
iii  lull  i|fj,q't 

ll'llinli  (ii  I 
rniiidll.sJN  t'S 
Mill  iinl  li_v  I 
linl;i\'.s  el 
'  urn  lit  oi 
II.  llilrti'cii 
nh    SK.  A  > 

1  rr.luc  \Vi 

I'  "I Illll 

III'    IM'Cl.sjdl 

ill"!'-  Mild  I'N 
nil,  ,i.s  oI'niu 


H'''  suiith 
Vii  ^.  lies  III' 
fll'    Ulilllp   w 

l"l    SI'VCII 

'iillifriiii 

pi  I    ii'  wide 

li'i  .1-^  .shore 

|ii';iks,  I 

'■i,-;iil-liiiiiMi 


^?^ 


I'Aciiic  coAsr  I'li.nr.  197 

I'roin  llio  Lifjlit  lioiisc  we  Imvc  the  fiillowiii;;'  lifiiiiii;;s  anil  distances  to  prominent  objects: 

Piixlimj   I.'n  r  lliiiiv .  Ill  Iv;  ralliiiiiiH S.        T',4  !•;.  H    milcH. 

rniiil  I! IH  l.ij;lil  lion«c    S.        H'J  K.  W    milos. 

Wliislliiij,'  Itiiiiy,  in  l."i  I  iilniiiis  inilsiilr  San  I'lani  .mh  ll:ir S.        I'.Tt  1",.  W-.'t  iiiilcn. 

SiinlhiM^t  I'.iralliiii  1  i-lillicmMP S.        'JO  K.  IT";  iiiili'H. 

N(irlli«rsirniiiiii>i  ui  ilic>  Ni.i  111  I'ar.illiinrH Soiitli  II    mi  lex. 

NiMinila.v  IvcmK.  Maiiiiihitli  liiioy H.        I'.'J  W.  II    milcH. 

II.mI. -a  ll.a,l N.        'Jv  \V.  l-i  inili'*. 

rniiil  Anna  l.i'ilil  I ir N\V.        }  W.  {,'    milrs. 

White  /.'(xA- ()//■  TomnlcH. —  Fniin    Point  IJeyes  Lifjlit  the  While  IJoek  oil'  Toinales  I'oint  bcara 
;    i:.,  distant  Ibiiiteen  miles. 

rolM'    IJKYKS    I'(Hi  SKiNAI.. 


Tiie  lb;;  si;;nal  bnildm;;  and  out  liiiiidin;;s  are  painted  white,  and  are  sitnated  on  a  small  space 
III  till'  western  pitch  of  I'uint  IJevesone  liuiidred  and  si\tvli\f  teet  aluive  tiie  sea,  and  altont  oius 
niiiiicd  t'eet  lieiow  llie  l.i;;lithonse. 

I'm  in;;  loirui    "eatlicr  a  sli'am  to;;  sii'en   is  sonnded   liy  hlnsts  of  fire  .scconils'  (htratuni  irilh 

In  I  ills  i)f  sfrcHljl  sil'iillils. 

\  I'ssels  report  thai  llie\  lose  the  soniid  of  the  siren  when  close  under  the  shore  northward  of 
■eiiil   Itcves. 

the  liiilish  Adiniialtv  cliail  of  the  I'acilic  Coast,  No.  I'ldl.  wiih  corrections  to  March,  1805, 
Bit  !  iiulil  on  Point  IJe>es  mai  Ucd  l,t.  I'l.  (tlasliin;;  li^lit)  l"'t'ore  one  u  as  estaiilished  tiiere.  The 
,11-.^!, Ill  corvette  \iiriil,-  was  wreclicd  two  miles  north  of  Point  l.'cves  in  ha\  in;;  lieeii  misled  .»y 
II  l!iii:lisii  chart  wliicli  had  a  Ii;;ht  marked  on  this  head. 

1  Ills  headland  was  seen   liv  Calnillo  in    NiPM'inlier,  l.">t'J.  but    not   named;   he  beat  about  one 
•linir  day  in  I  In- ;:  real  y;nlf  under  its  lee.     (See  note  on  the  name  ( !ulf  ol  the  l''arallones.) 
1     1 1  was  in\t  seen  by  Sir  FraiuM.s  Drake  in  .lune,  loT'.t,  when  he  anchored  in  the  bay  under  the 
istilii  point  tor  seven  weeks. 

riie  name  Piiiila  de  los  Iteycs  was  ;;iveii  to  the  headland  by  X'izcaiiio,  who  aiichoreil  in  Drake's 
iiv.iii  thr  I'.slcro  de  I.imantoiii'.  in  .lannary.  Kid.i,  whilst  sc.ircliin;;  foi'  the  wreck  of  the  Siui 
ii;/'(v;i»(.  which  was  wrecked  in  this  vicinity  in  l."!!)."!.  It  was  more  particularly  described  by 
liihial  .lose  ( 'abicra  liiicno  ( Ion/ lies  in  IT^it,  who  |ilaced  it  in  lalitmlc  .'ISJ,  .  His  description 
II  iHil  be  mistaken,  and  as  he  ;;i  ves  the  lal it  iides  of  otlicr  headlands  on  the  coast  only  to  de;;rees 
1(1  liilf  de;;rei's,  and  as  tiie  average  error  is  lort>  minnlcs  loo  ;:ical,\\e  are  alile  to  apply  this 
rn'riicpii  to  Point  iteyes.  (See  notes  in  Drake's  Pay  and  The  I'aralloiie.s.)  .Mi;;uel  Coiisiaiizo 
iiiriiii.sly  estimated  its  distance  fiom  Mont.ira  Point  and  placed  it  in  .'>7  It'.  'I'lie  name  iias  been 
iiriied  by  iiavi;;atois  to  its  present  I'oriii,  Point  ileves, 
liniay's  cliai t,  in  bsp.i,  calls  Point  Ilexes  Point  It'eirrs. 

(  urn  lit  <)[)'  I'oint  /I'l //c.s.  —  In  .lune.  IS.MI,  while  we  were  occu|)yin;;  the  station  on  Point  Reyes 
jl.  lliilteeii  liumliedaiid  ei;;lil.\  nine  led  hi;;li,  and  ci;;lit  and  ihieclilths  miles  noiilieast  lialt' 
III  ('SI'..  A  N.I  from  Poinl  l!c.\cs  lie. id,  we  observed  diiiiny;  a  loiiu.  perfect  calm,  a  itark.  Iiaviii); 
>!ieiaue  wa.\  and  liiiiiin;,'  round  several  times,  dull  to  the  noitlivvaid  |>ast  Point  itcves  al  the 
fill  1)111'  mile  per  lioiir.  She  was  two  miles  in  the  westward  of  ihe  head.  On  this  :iiid  subse- 
u.  occasions  we  noticed  tlie  discolored  water  of  the  Saciaiiuiito  ifoiii  San  Francisco  jJa.v  close 
iii'ii'  ,iiid  eNteiidin;;  lo  the  norlhvvard  of  the  head  several  miles.  Dillerelit  de;;rees  of  discolor- 
Ml,  as  of  successive  ebb  tides,  were  plainl.v  marked. 


■,^y 


'S 


I    ,1 


■nir.  sdiriiKAsr  rAUAi.i.oN. 

The  soiilheasterii  and  iirineipal  one  of  the  six  rocky  islets,  known  as  the  luinilli>iii'n  ile  lii.s 
fill'  ^.  lies  III)  the  liolileii  iiate  at  a  distance  ot  twcuiv  liiieemilcs.  |i  is  the  lar;;i'st  and  lii;;liesl 
III'   ^loiip  wliieli  is  disposed    ina;;eneial    w  esl  inul  liwest   and  east  southeast   direction  (  N.  (i."i  ' 

I'l  seven  miles;  and  if  we  include  the  NoiOiday  Pock  the  distam  c  is  nine  and  a  half  miles. 
In  ^'iitlieriiino^^t  islet  is  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile  lone  in  its  lone, ., s|  direciioii,  and  threellltli.s 
■I  li  ie  wide  al  its  greatest  breadlh.  'i'lils  does  not  include  half  a  do/en  liieii  rocky  islets  elos« 
m  ts  sliores.  Its  e,.||,.|';il  dircclKUi  is  west  liv  south  (W.  by  S.),  and  it  is  marked  bv  several 
B.'"  peaks,  althoiieji  tjirei'  piiiieipal  ones  command  the  rest.  The  principal  peak,  iijioii  vvliieli 
jki.  Ill  house  is  situated,  att:tins  :in  elevalioii  of  three  liiindred  and  forty  t'eet  ;  whilst  under  it 


!         M 


t 


198 


PACinc  coAsr  I'li.nr. 


m 


ill' 


111!  llu<  sDiitlKM'ii  slioro  tlio  island  is  only  clcxMlcil  tliirtv    O'ct   iiIkivc  tlii>  son.     Tlic  wliolc  isl;i;  ,|    . 
siii;;iil;irly  wild,  bin rcii.  nnd  ilcsolnic,  niid  iiicscnts  ii>  llic  t'xc  a  mass  ul'  In'okci,  ia^;;;('<l  riM'k>  i  |m  , 
wliicli    nil  V('y;t'lation  exists  cxci'iit  a  few   stnMtc(l  weeds.     The  ineks   are  si-ai|>,  ani^nlar  in  l^^,  ^ 
wliieli,  beeoniin};  detaelied  t>v   the  npeiat  ions  of  natnfal  causes,   roll  down  njioii  the  more  l.\il 
]iarts  of  (he  islet  ami  cover  it  w  itii   irieunlar  liowlders.     Not  withstand: nj;  that  it  is  the  oniei.;.  ..| 
an  imnu'iise  dike  of  jzfanite.  the  condition   of  the   sniierlicial   jiarts  is  sneh  that  it  conld  It  -  ;. 
rated   into  small   iVairnicnts   liv   a  pick   or  crow- liar.      It  is  the  mo>it  desolate  islaml  on  the  i     ,, 
althonfih   the   lionu'   and    hrcediiii;  place  of   vast   iiiimlicrs  of  sea  limis  and  myriads  of  m;i  ,  - 
The  sea  lions  are  ]iroteeted  by  law,  as  the  islet  is  within  the  limits  of  the  city  and  coiint.\  ci  > 
rrancisco,  luit  the  complete  control  of  the  island   is  held  li.\  the  I,i;;ht  house  Kn;;im'er,  and  i   m'. 
••an  not  land  on  the  i^  ami  without  his  permit.     The  ^ralhcriii},'  of  sea  I'owl  c};^'s  ami  tlie  killii  _  . 
sea  lions  are  not  jieiinitted. 

The  priiM'ipal  peak  on  this  i^land  is  near  the  mnlheasi  ]ioint  ;   norlhniM  tliwest  ( N.  N'W  .    '■  - 
this   peak    IS  the   N»;/iic    l.mit'  A'ik'/,.   uhicli    is  a  rounded,  almost  MMtical.  rocky  islet,  inMi  i     ' 
hniidrcd    fei-t  above   the   sea,  with  its  summit   ;;cneially    whitcneil  by  the  deposit  of  biicN.      I,, 
Miiiiil'>ji  is  the  pe.ik    at  the  western   part  of  the  isl.ind.  and    is  two  hundred  and  thirty  Ice!    i'- 
the  sea.     Tlii>  maiiilnp  ])art  is  in  rcalitx  separati'd  fnnn  the  eastern  ]iart  of  the  island  by  a  n  i  ; 
rock\    t,'or;;e  cut   throii;;li   I'rom   north  to  south,  but  impassable  to  lioats.     The  mnth  side  .  :  i  :- 
islaml  is  liordcred  by   six  small   rocky  islets,  or  rocks.  Ininched   touethci'  with   the  Sn;;.ii    1     ■ 
fai  tiler  mil  til.  but  only  ihiie  luindicil  yards  fiii'ii  the  main  island.     'I'liesc  rocky  isltts  fmi:    " 

the  island  sleire   h'isln  riniiiif>'  Ciiri,  alioiit  one  Iruidrcd  ami  twenty  yards  in  extent,  with  ; -k\ 

bottom  amliora^ie  in  ei;:lit   fathoms  wlicic  tin'  li;,'ht  house  tender  lies  to  dischai;,'e  her  siioj.' . -. 

«>tc.,  and  where  the  tishcinieii  and  the  c;r^'  liiinters  formerly  resorted.     There  is  a  mooriii;;  li 

eijiht  fathoms  lui  the  li^ilit  hi'iise  steamer  in  this  lia.\  to  which  she  makes  fast.      In  the  soii!!i  |  :; 
ol'  this  co\c  is  the  \  ci  \  cniii  acted  \"itli  l.iniiliini  \Mlli  a  shell  bi'acli  at  its  head.     The  rm  K-  : 
foiincil>    existed  at   the  iiionih   ot'  this  Limliiii,'  place  ha\c  been  blasted  away,  and  it  is  c 
excellent  bi.ahjii;;  |il.i(c.     .\  ihiiiik  on  the  \vc>t  side  is  Used  to  hoist  the  supplies  from  tin 
Soiiietiines  landinu  can  imt  i>e   had  here  for  a  month. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  islaml  is  a  lonu.  narrow  cut  opening'  to  tlic  southeast  w  here  lii!';  ; . 
is  sonictiiiiis  I  ifcctcd.  It  is  know  II  as  the  I'.tist  l.iiiiiliiui.  .Iiisi  northeast  of  the  .Maintop  is  I'.ii  il^  ■ 
Cove  uilh  a  biMi'h  at  its  head  :  lait  landili;,'  can  tiot  be  hid  here.  ( >tV  the  southeast  snli  ■ 
island,  a  be  lilt  one  hniidicd  and  ei;;hty  \  i  ids.  lies  Si  al  A'dc/,.  one  liiindrcd  lect  in  eh'\  at  ion  ,ii;ii  •  i" 
hnmlrcil  \aids  Imi;:.  The  sonthwesteinmost  point  of  the  island  i>  known  a>  Indian  Head  Im'I;  i 
fancied  rcsembl.ince  in  an  linli an   lyiii;;  down. 

In  ver\  lica\y  >iiiitlicasi    weather  the  sna   lireaks  with   the  wildest  I'liiy  and  at  limes  in'-  ■ 
;;real  \iilnuii->  li.ilt   wa\   up  the  ."^n-ai  I. oat.  whilst  thespias  occasinnally  ;;ocs  ijiiitc  o\t  i  1 1  ■ 
lln;:c  s.iw  lo^'s  liavi- been  found  cast  on  the  rocks  thirty  feel   abo\c  hi;;li  water  alter  such  ■      :  ■ 

\'css(ls  tiiiin  the  westw.ird   riiniiiiij,'  for  tin-  (odileii  tiate  in  ),'o(id  wfatlicr  should  Kci  |      '     ■ 

soiitliwaid   'it'  tlic   isl.ind.  p.issiiiL;   it  within  the  distam f  a   mile   in    not    less  th.in   tui 

f.ithiiins  ot   water,  and    ii  two  miles  in  forty  f.ithoms.     \essels  may  also  safel\   pass  iiiid»  ..    ••   l 
Iwei  II  the  ."^onthiast  and  the  Middle  I'aialloii  ill  ci^^hteeii  tatlionis.oi   inidwa\  between  the  N  ■;■  ■  i; 
and   the  Nmth  I'.iiallniics  in   tliirtv  six  lathoiiis;   Imt    the  more   prudent   conise   is  inkcri   :•■■  ' 
sou  ill  ward  uf  the  .Siiuthi.ist  I'ai.i'lon,     .\t  ni;;hl  .ind  in  thick  weal  her  \  cssels  should  ahva\  ~  .:"  :•' 
the  SI  lilt  liw  aid  III   the  Island.      I'm  other  infnrmatioi;  on  this  siib|cct  see  the  Sailiii;,'  1  (ircci  •■  i-  '  r 

appliMclilll;^   Iheeiiast   in   Ihnk    weather.   p.l;;es  JI'J- '_'!."). 

The  islands  are   fieipieiitl\    enveloped    in    liiy.  and,  therefore,   in  ap|iroacliin^;  tliein  >:,  -ii' i 
weather  the  utmost  imh' and  \  i;;ilaiicc  miisi    be  observed,  the  mole  espcciall.v  as  I  he  pccii!,.iiiii'« 

lit'   the   1 ,111    ciliielits    III    the  Vhiiiilv    li.ivc    liiit    been    detcrillitied.      A   feu    miles  West  vv. lid    •:   !;•' 

ishind  the  currents  h.ive  been  full  ml  i  iiiinin;;  to  the  south  ward  even  a;;.iiiist  li;.;lit  soiitlii  i ! 

/><(»(/(;■<. — Till-  .Middli'  l''.iiallon    in.iv    be  cnnsjchi  ,.,|  ciijc  lit    the  il.ili;;c|s   in  the  apppM' 
Southeast  I', iralliiii.      It   lies  iioi  tliwest    bv   north  (  N  W.  by  N.  j  I  w  ii  and  one  ipiai  ler  miles  liuu  iw 
Ll;:llt  hiiilse  on    the   ,Siinthe,|s|     I'.iialliill,  and    the  deplh  bet  ween    llicm    is  alnpllt    eiuliteeli    I'Mi"!' 
ov  er  a  llio.lel  ,ltelv    linit'nllii    In  it  t<iin  of  col  ,ll    and    liliikill    shells.       I'roin    thecxllcnic    linll! 

point  of  the  Sunt  h  cast  l',u.dl<in  the  .Middle  I'aralhni  bears  nor  III  west  (  N  W.)  one  and  thni  •,•  iiin' 

miles;  and  even  this  w  idth  of  the  pass.i;;e  i  i  dccre.ised  by  the  sunken  rock  oil'  tin'  Middle  I  .i'  i!'"ii 

The  lock  which   W  ,ls  forinel  I  v    icpulled    bv    pilots  and    the  li;;lil   keejiel   to  exist   aluiiil    !iili» 

bet  Ween  the  .■joullicast   and  the  .Middle  I'arallon.  and  supposed   to  lie  a  bavonet  rock  ^v;'i    >'" 


K 


lire  !■  \  I ! 
lti'i-;i  ..| 
]h'   ■•  i. 

SC.'I    l"W  I 

V  (H    S.r 

ml  l>i.v< 

iilllDl^n: 
W.  !:m; 
(Is.       'lllr 

•ft  ;il"H.' 
I  11:11 1"V, 
nil'  I'l  lili 

iiitv  i,.M; 
'iirii!  ";:', 
h  a  inrkv 

Sll|i|i'!r», 
^  llllii\  ;li 
until  I'l!" 

is  I!-"  , 
llii     •-■•. 

V  l:iiM,;. 

I'.ii.ik.'- 


i 


I     ■'     :! 


M<."1] 


1  ,111'!  '■'>" 
Mil  !t"'"  I 


r  till  ii'i'. 

Il     SiHlJi,., 


i,|"  I-    :-    t 

MM.:.' 

M'|l  III  till' 


11'  .illl|.-«| 

II, I    .1    111. 

1,      .  .1,,:. 

,  I.'-;  I  III' 


Il  ill  W.I) 
nil  .iii.iii 


is*i. 


;'i 


I 


u 


*^  I.  .iWiJMkjuaJwMsa 


caiiLaBitTimmTfTnBiiiTiririiaiTri  iim- 


N'lirlli  riiralli.iwM. 
N\V    l.v  W.  J  \V..-,  iiiilo 


Arch. 


SoiitbeaHt  Fiiralliiii  Light-liousi!,  N\V.  2J  miles. 


j>:^- 


''^m^^ 


Hi.Hl    I.HhiljnU 

>iiiit  htvi.st   I'rtrrt!!'"!  l-i^;!:!   imiHi-.  S.   ^  rmlt- 


^iiib-  .^.  -i<-«i^j 


/"'.^■■:*x  -..'*/  '''A"''fc 


.„.^<V*' 


SiMiiln-ast  I'ai  ill  loll  l.is;l.l  liimsf.  \V.  U\  S.,  CMtiniali'il  ft  iiiilcN. 


I 


i 


■-* 


H 


U 


ti 


f 


M' 

l| 

ii 

Mr  ; 

0 

i  P 

»•'  1 

il'i 

;• 

■  ft 
IV   ■ 

■'■', 

i',; 

r 

*''  ^i 

1 

1 

"imu 

1 

V'i''f 

! 

(i ' 

a>\  \ 

1 

'  'i 

\ 

%'  i- 

♦  |il 

.''    w 

■'1 '  1 

I 


I  :  V 


Wl    ■■ 


I  .1  I 


Middli'  KaraUiin.  NK.  i  N.,'.' mile«. 


Ki>K  iiiHide. 


Southi'ant  Kuralloii  I,i){litli<iiiHc,  I'.  }  N., ;;  inilr» 


immtiit'BW 


iiiii  iiitlioniM  I 
IN  ilic  Li^lit  I 

ll.illnr.      Sn 

lliifsl  Shu 
III'  i.l.iii'l  iiiiil 

{\\  ilt'i;iffS  (•; 
\  tn  tfll  tilt  I 
llplillv   to  Sl\|i 

laiiii'ti'i-  III'  tl 
iriiilii'.     rill' 

li'l  '  "iilliclilii; 
;Im'   l.l;;lit 

(I'll  III  I  MI'    '_'<>, 
III'   Mllll  llWI'Sl 

i\ii  liiiiiiiri'il  \ 
\l\  viinls  s(|i 
It  is  iilsii  I 

I-.   lll'I'II    St't'll 

UMl  to  lllCllK   I 

as  litlli'  wiiiil 

riiis  iiiiii;,' 

»mI  « ill  r;ii( 
lit  III  iiMiiil  il 
lii'ii  till'  Miili 

II  !■  Ill  III'  srt'l 
111  I  lie  \\r 
rt\liM'  t'Mtl 
ili'>;  dill'  tliii 
liiilrcil  aiiil  I 
I  III  till'  isliiiii 
iiliiii  ;i  iiiilc, 
ilis;   lIu'IH'C 

I'or  il('('|i  s 
till'  isiaiiil  s< 

rill'  cxtt'iii 

ii\iy  li:is  !)('( 
iliiaccs  till'  r 
'"lips,  vU'.. 

Sl'M'I'llI   I'll 
Dili'   III'    III! 

Till'  >liiii  / 

t.  '['Ill'  .slii| 
11^  Inst  nil  tilt 

I'iilrs  at  th 

III'  nf    till'    M, 

Vati'st  ;iliil  I) 

•S|ilillt;  ti(li'> 

:ii';uiiiii  III'  I  Ik 

liiiil  till 

:'iii  ilii'  piilili- 

•'111  ;ii  tlli>  I'";: 
lii'A  watrr;  i 
I'i'A  wati'i'. 
■"^111  I''riiii('i,> 

Till'  stnii'l 

MI'  its  iKii'tlic 


rArifir   (uAsi    ril.di. 


l!)!l 


fiiiii  MtlidiiiM  ii|ii)ii  it,  li:iH  lint   lii't'ii  riiiiinl.     lint,  ii|iiiii  till'  lii-iirint;  anil  iiiiulr  of  ili'|it'<'s.sinii  ;;i\i>ii 
ii\  iiii'  l.i;:lit  Uir|ii'i'  r*ir  lliin  lui'iiK,  a  imk  with  Ww  ('iitliniiis  ii|miii  it  waH  Incatnl  iit'ai'  tlii'  Miililln 

f.ll  lilnl'.      Sit  |iil;;r  '-'Hi. 

Illlist  Sliiiitl  nil'  III!  Siilillinist  /•'(0•((/^l/l.  — This  is  i|  shiKll,  liirU.N  >)M)I  niV  thi'  .siilll  iiiilst  pait  III" 
kill'  I  l.lll'l  :lllil  aliiillt  on  thr  lilii'  i>r  Ihr  liltri'll  rallinlii  rlllA  I'.  Il  lii'S  |i\  r  rj^'hths  iil'  a  mill'  siMllh 
k|'i\  .|r).'irrs  cast  {SV..  \  \',)  rnnii  llii'  l.i;^lit  Ihiiim'  mi  tlii'  i-<laiiil.  anil  has  ii|>iin  il  ii  ii';.'iilai' ilrpths  iif 
L\  I"  ti'li  latlinllis  oMT  a  liiilliiin  III'  rural,  lii'iiki'ii  slirlls,  anil  lurks.  On  tin' mitsiili'  it  ili'r|ii'iis 
(;i|.  .|l\  to  sixti'i'ii  ami  *'i^'ht<'i>ii  riithmiis,  ami  mi  tin- iiiNiili>  to  thlrti'in  ainl  itii'i'ii  t'athmiis,  'riii* 
li.iiiM'HT  III'  III!'  patrli  within  thf  trii  ratlimn  riii\r  In  aliniil  lil'lv  .\arils  ami  tin-  sliaiir  iifailv 
liiiiii  r.  Till'  sra  Itti'aks  ii|iiiii  this  M|Mit  milv  in  cxrriitiiMi.iJIs  lirav.v  wratln'i  wlim  a  lar;.'r  swell 
\u>\  i  Miillirtiiii;  riii'ii'iits  i'iiiis|iiii'. 

Mil'  I.ik'l't  hiiiisc  l»i'i'|ii'r  III'  thr  Siinthi-ast  I''aiallmi  Liylil  ri'imrts  that  iliirin;.'  tin'  wlmli'  iif 
biTi  iiilii'i'  2li,  ISS.S,  thf  swrll  lii'iiKi'  ii|iiiii  till'  lliirst  Slinal  at  iiiln  \  als  ul'  tliii-t'  to  tin  niiiiiitt's. 
Ti.  -uiitliwi'st  winij  was  liiflit  anil  tin'  swi'll  rami'  I'idmi  thr  wi'stwanl,  'I'lir  liirakiT  tan  I'm'  aliuiit 
[\  •  'iiiiiili'i'ii  ,\arils,  thru  r\|irmli'il  ilsi'll'  in  wliiti'  watrr,  wlnrli  sliownt  as  an  ari'a  iil' I'liani  lilty  to 
\i>  v.iiils  si(iiari'.  'I'his  is  tin'  si'ioiiil  liiiii'  siiiri'  ,liil\.  IHss,  |||;||  iIh'  shoal  has  shown  a  lirrak. 
I'  is  also  M'|Hiiti'il  li.\  sdiiii'  111'  till'  l<i;:lit  hmisi'  ki'rjiris  on  tin'  Siinihrast  l''aiailoii  that  a  lii'rak 

I II  si'i'ii  mi  Ihi'  lliiisi    Shoal  aliont  thr  |iositioii  of  tin'  six  l.ithmii  spot  thi'ii'iin.     It  has  lii'i'ti 

•I"   to  lii'cak  till r  loiir  tiiiirs  in  siiri'i'.ssion  ilnriii;;  a  lirav>  swrll  troiii  thr  wi'stwanl  when  tlier*' 

IS  Mile  wiinl. 

This  ilaii;;!'!  was  lirst  lepmleil  in  l"<7."i,  ami  the  loeaiitv  siilisi'iiiiently  evainineil  in  iletiiil.  .\ 
sM'l  will  raiel.v  approaeh  mi  elose  to  the  islanil  except  iininteiit  ioiiall>  in  tliii'k  or  to;,';,'\  weather; 
It  III  avoiil  it  ilo  not  approarh  the  ishiinl  tinin  Hf  soiilhw  aril  w  illiiii  tliiee  ipiarlers  of  a  mile 
Im'ii  the  Miihlle  {''arallmi  is  .shut  in  liehiml  the  Smitheast  l''ai.iiioii,  \\  henever  the  .Miilillc  I''a!'al- 
II  !•  in  he  seen  on  eiilier  siile  of  the  Southeast  {''arallmi  there  is  no  known  il,iii;;i'r, 

I'll  the  wesiwai'il  of  the  .Southeast  l''.iralloii  a  ileplli  of  tliiriN  I'.iihmns  is  t'oiiml  at  one  mile, 
t,  ilM'  fathoms  at  two  niili's.  tifly  fat''oins  at  three  miles,  ami  two  hiimlreil  falhoins  at  live 
ill- :  one  thoiisaiiil  ami  lifleeii  fathoms  is  the  ilejith  at  tweiit.\  two  miles,  ami  one  thoiisaml  seven 
111  ami  t  weiilv  si\  tathoiiis  at  t  weiity  ei;,'lil  miles,  the  latter  son  ml  iii^^  west  south  west  i  WSW.) 
I  III  the  islainl.  To  the  iiorthwai'il.eastwaril,  ami  smitheasiw  anl  the  ileptli  is  tweiitv-live  fathoms 
r!i  II  a  mile,  ami  theiiee  inereases  very  re^riilarly  .itiil  slowlv  to  thirty  fathoms  at  three  to  four 
il'  ^;  Ihi'iiee  towarils  the  laiiil  it  ileereases  \ery  ri';,'iilaily  up  to  the  l!ar  ol'  San  I'^raneisen, 

I'ur  ileep  sea  soniiilinus  oil  the  (iiilf  of  the  l''arallmies  see  pa;,'e  Hi.!;   ami  for  the  approaches 
til.'  islanil  sec  Sailin^j  directions. 

riie  extemlcil  ami  ili'taileil  examination  aiotiml   the  islami    hy  the  1.  S,  Coast  ami  (leoilctit' 
iiAiV  has  lieeii  piildisheil  ,iii  the  ;;i'iii'ial  chart  of  the  approai'lies  to  San  l''iamisi'o.     This  chiirt 
iii'iai'cs  the  coast  from  Koilena  lleail  to  Point  I'lnos,  ami  };iM'S  the  siirioiimlin^^s  of  the  l''arall()ii 
■"lips,  etc. 
SeM'ial  characteristic  views  arc  ))iililislieil  herewith. 

( »i I'  the  S.iii  l'"raiii'isi'o  pilot  Imats  cruises  oil   the  islami. 

Ilie  ship  /,HC(ix  wa.s  wreckeil  on  this  islami  in  a  foj;  NovemlierO,  IS,"iS,  ami  twciity-tlircc  lives 
^I.  The  ship  Franronid  was  lost  in  lircakcr  t'ove  {northwest  shore)  in  is.sn,  ami  the  ship  Hreiiivn 
is  lost  oil  the  south  shore  ilireclly  iimler  the  Ko-;  whistle  in  ls,S:i. 

I'iilt.i  tit  thr  Siiiitlmmt  Ftiiiilliin.—T\n'  ('orrecteil    I'lstalilishmeiit,  or  mean  interval   lietweeii  the 
'111' of  the  Moon's  transit  ami  the  time  of  lli.uli  Water,  is  X''  .'{7'",  ami  the  ililVeience  lietween  the 
iiNst  ami  least  inteiNals  is  I''  Iti'".     The  ii  can  rise  anil  fall  of  tiiles  is  three  ami  six-tenths  feet; 
si'iiii;;  tiiles  four  ami  four  tenths  feet  ;  ami  of  neap  titles  two  ami  rijihlUiilhs  feet.     The  mean 

.11.1 of  the  llooil  is  •;''  l.S".  anil  of  the  chli  (I'KH". 

I "  timl  the  limes  of  lii;;h  ami  low   waters,  first  rompiile  them  for  San  l''raiici.-;eo,  or  take  them 

nil  the  piihlisheil  tide  tallies,  ami  then  to  these  iiiiiiilieis  appl,\  the  follow  in;,' corrections  to  reiliice 

I'll!  Ill  the  laiallon  :   Siililiact   1"  L'7'"  for  the  time  of  liii;li  water,  ami  siilitracl   I''  <»."i'"  tor  the  time 

water;  aihl  one- tenth  of  a  foot  for  lieiyht  of  liijih  water,  ami  aihl  one  ten  III  of  a  loot  for  hei^iht 

'  water.     This  will  ;,'ive  about  one  hour  for  the  march  of  the  title  I'loiii  the  islami  to  tlu'  liar 

I  Krauci.si'o. 

IIIK   .SUITIIKAST    I'AHAI-LiiN    I.tlillT-IIUfSK. 

'lie  structure  is  a  lower,  the  friistiiiii  of  a  cone,  slamliny;  on   the   lii;;liest   ])eak  of  the  ishiml 
lar  its  northeast  shore.     It  is  Imilt  of  lirick,  seventeen  feet   in  height,  ami  is  siirmouiitetl  by  ii 


II   it,' 


ki  ■'*>^- 


il 


'  '^Vll 


! :  i 


200 


rAC'iiMc  I'oAsi'  ni.oi'. 


Ill 


laiitorii  piiintcil  rod,  of  wliicli  the  ccntiT  is  twciiiy  iiiiu'  foct  alxivo  tlio  base  of  llic  to\vt>r.  li.,  i, 
is  ail  iron  liahisttailt'  just  under  liu'  gallery  around  liii>  lantern.  'I'lie  illiiiiiiiiatin;;  a|>])araliiN  .  ni 
till'  tiist  oi'der  of  tlie  system  of  l'"resnel.  It  was  estalilislied  in  lS,"»,"i,  aiiij  from  siiiisei  to  sum  r  w 
t'xliil)ils  (f  nrolrinij  icliitc  liijlit  shoiciiiii  a  ihiiIhiiiikI  Jliiuli  of '<n  stroiiih  ircii/  m'niult  tliioii;.ii,,||i 
the  hori/on.  Tlie  time  of  tlie  llasli  varies  sli};litly  on  dilVeient  ni;;lits.  In  isri'.lwc  tuuii'l  'Ir 
avera^re  time  tliiilt'eii  seeonds.  lu  ISSI  we  observed  tlie  time  of  llasli  tliiiteeii  and  a  half  seio  .U. 
and  of  the  dark  interval  'ortv  three  and  a  half  seeonds.  The  local  |)laiie  is  three  linndivi!  ii,,| 
sixty  feet  aliove  the  iiie.iii  level  of  the  si,t,  and  the  li(,'ht  should  lie  visilile  in  a  favoialile  >l.i;iui 
the  atmosphere  fiom  a  heij^hl  of — 

111  fi'cl  at  a  (list. OH  I-  iil'v;.'..  1  iiiil.'s. 

'.'II  fret  at  a  (lislaiur  uf  'Jil.',!  iinlcs. 

W  fi'i't  at  a  clistanir  nl'J-.l  inili's. 

('ill  I'li't  at  a  dislaiiii'  "C  I'.H.T  iiiili'H. 

It  is  visible  from  the  deck  of  a  vessel  in  the  (loldeii  (late. 

y  X  near  dist.inces.  under  fa\oiable  eireiimstanees.  the  li;^lit  w  ill  not  wholly  (lisa|i)ieai  In  ;  .. , , 
the  intervals  of  uiealesl    biij;litness.     It    is   plainly  visible   fiom    Station   .Sul|i|iiir   I'eaU,  i| 
sixty  loiir  and  four  tenths  miles,  and  lliiity  four  hundred  and  seventy  one  feel  above  the  sr.i 

The  i^eo^'raphieal  position  of  tlu'  l,ij;ht  house,  as  determiiutl    by  the  ("oast  and  (ii. 
Survty.  is : 

l.atiliiil." :1T      11    r.l    .1  iicirlli. 


.nil 


l.i'n;;itiiili'  . 
(li.    Ill   Iniii' 


I'.'il     nil    n:    .11  wcHt. 


l-,>ii  nil-. 


The  ma^Mietie  variatioi    was  Id     III'  east   in  .laniiaiv.  IS.'^ri,  with  a  ye  irly  increase  of  o   i 
The  bearings  and  distances  to  prominent   objects  from  the  !a<:ht'liouse  are  as  follows  . 


I'oint  .Vti'iia  Li-xlit  li 
H.MlrKi>  II.M.l 


I'liilit  hV.M  s  l,ij;!it-lii 

N< lav   K'.xk  lirll  I 

I'lir  Ncirlli  h  aralliiin 
Tlir  Midillr  laialliii 

I'oilll    II 11  l.l;.'iit-l 

Fort  I'.Miit  l.i;;lil-li. 
Wlilstlim;  Hiiii.v,  ill 
I'liiut  .M'liiiaia  I'll''. 


N 

'jii 

w 

N. 

\v 

lll«>V 

\ 

\v 

s 

N. 

i>ii 

w 

\ 

vv 

IllMlsc     .. 

N. 

N 

I'l 
-.  > . 

i:. 
1' 

1.'  latli.. 

\\  lllstlt'  . 

IIS   oil'   S.lll     I'l. 

II.  IS,,,  liar 

N. 

s. 

K. 
K 

K!  miles. 

M't  III  I  Irs. 

ITJ  llllll'H. 

'.li  Illill'.S. 

iliHi,  niilrs. 

''i  mi  Irs. 

•>';!■,  liiilc-s. 

•.'■>;,  mill's. 

Iii;  mills. 

".'Ij  null's. 


UV 


II 


i'(i(i  siuN.vi.  (i.N    riir.  sm  iiii:.\sT  I'Wk.m.i.on. 

A  lirsf  class  steam  siren  or  toy;  vvhistle  vva>  placid  on  the  southeast  part  of  the  ."sr 
Karalloii  on  September  'JO,  ls,S(i.  It  is  lociled  i  ii  the  lov  and  iiiodeiatelv  llat  pari  of  tin 
and  in   two  hundred  and  seventv  live  vaids  smiili   ii-htv  t 


Wo   ile;;iees   east    I S.  .SU 


!■:.«  II 


!.i;;ht  III. Use.     Water  .shed.  co;il  shed,  and  cist  ei  lis.  pail,  ii'd  w  hit  e.  stand  belli  in  I  It.    The  sit  ei, 
abiiiit    foitv  livt    feet   above  the  sea.  and   diiiiii^   thick   and    fon,'\    weather  souiiiis  lilasis 


sunn 


r/.\  iliirnt'iiii  nt  1111(11  Ills  III'  imtii  lit 


1/   fift    sun 


mis 


The  lii;^h.  rocky  pait  of  the  isl.ijnl  extends  romid  from  iioitli  forty  di'jjrees  east  i  N, 
by  the  wi'.t  to  soillli  seventv  two  ile;:iees  west  i  .S,  7'  0  W. ).  ;ii  il  it  j.s  diuibl  fill  if  t  he  w  In 
be  lieard  bivoiid  lliese  lii;;li  loik.v  pe.iUs  and  llil;:es,  espeeiallv  as  t  l.ev  ;ire  to  w  indw.il  il 
the  prevaiilnt:  liullliwest  winds.  The  only  exccplioiis  aie  the  three  li.iriow  bieiiKs  h  ;i 
lireaker  Cove,  and  two  f.'ulclies  which  lie  west  by  south  (  W.  b_v  S.i  fioia  the  .station  ;  thioiij: 
naps  the  whistle  has  been  heard  three  miles.  On  the  south  and  east  it  is  possible  lli.il  i 
Ulick,  one  liiiiidieil  feet  liii.'li.  may  soiiiewliat  iiiteriii|it  the  sound  troiii  soul  li  to  south  s,., 
(S.  io  SSi:.) 

We  have  no  authentic  reports  of  the  distance  at  w  liicli  the  w  lii.stle  c:in  be  heard  :  ah 
is  such  vaiiabiliiv  ol  distance  under  apparel  tlv  similar  atmi»|iheri(;  eoiidilions  that  it  v- 
dlllii'iill  to  li\   .iiiv    liiiiit. 

1(  should  be  111  itei  I  ili.it  the  fo;r- whistle  ot  l.'s.'i'.t.  operated  by  wave  action,  was  repotted  ih 
by  the  waves  alter  bsTI. 

Tin;    MIKDI.i:    I'AItAI.I.ON. 

This  is  ;i  sin;;le  bi.ick  rock,  between  fifty  and  si\ty  vards  in  diameter  and  risiti;;  twi) 
feet  above  the  water,     il  lies  iiiiith   lill.v  seven  and  a   half  dcn;iees  west  (N.  ."tT^   W.i.  noi 


^t^ 


.!.  ' 


J  111 


I 

im 

H 

i 

1 
it? 

i 

1 

f 

! 

i ;  -  cJjT 

M 

t 

."Hi 

1  uj. 

iiii 


mtf^ 


118  feet. 
N.tV)^  '.v.,  1  mile. 


'.•1  feet. 


!.'>;■>  fi-et.  lOrt  fwt 

TUi'  Norlli  KariilliiiU'N,  N.4Ii'-  W'.,  <  niili- 


•24  lect 


llR  fwt. 
T1)K  Nnrtliwesteru  IhIpI,  N.T    Cd. slant  i  milt-. 


riio  Niirlli  Farallcmih 


nmn^ij-uu  ■--jf  ■-■  1  ■J?''' 


Mmail  :   jii  tatliuin>i. 


riiu  .SiiMi.i'iinii'i II  i;r(>n|i.  in'ri'ttt.        i.i'>  i 


Ill  I -I  — -frnt'tjif  TTtl 


■mmrf$ii!i^^i^-:-jmri?%',''&^TTff%^^^:^T 


lOrt  fwt 
li  FaralliiiU'N,  N.4Ii'-  W'.,  i  mili- 


KreaUnr. 


•Jl  (i>.'t. 

N.;iu' V'.' 


N.v;.-)  vv. 


E?Ct's5«w.,  U!f?  1.  i  II'  ^SWfr*'-^ 


natiiBni.  jiiii'w  - 


Tli«  Niirlli  Farallcinih. 


il<ii>|i(ir  l'iti<8aK<',  <l"  .varil.t  wiilt-. 


.~2-<^^ 


^,5^■•■^■-' 


'"Wl'^.  ~'  "■  ' "       .^^■q«.-.'ai!-''-aagt^!^>r? 


Anii'i  II  i;ri>ii|i.    lo-li'Kt,  l.i.'i  Imil.. 


yi  tijel. 


li 


ij 


U 


f  s 


f    i    '»5^ 


I 


J 


i  in 


I  r  { 


JS 


i:    .1 


si" 


Nl'id    \V.,  I 


■J'l  Iff! 


'Ill  viiiils  Willi-, 


Tlir  No 


tJE^^gsgc"*! 


■  s^ajrasssosrw*- 


lli'u;iil  :  'jii  lalliuiij 


'.11  fuel. 


^  ifu 


'i  1 


*'; 


if! 


'I 


•£\ 


/'■■'  I 


1    I 


I 


w 


•   I;!l:i3 


,Jk.M^ 


=_L,.  1    I  ^  JJ«P^"W<^^.M  I ^_  ;  !»■_■* 


North  FHiallones,  NW.iN.,4mile«. 


'.iSii^.t^^*  3^'  I   jii  '"  I  iil'iii'iinfdi- 


l'.)int  KfVi'K  (iis  ail  i>>l:Ui(l  >,  N.  5  W.,  17  iiuli-s  ;   lii);  iimlidii'. 


Miildle  Farallon,  NE.  i  N..'-'  niilos. 


Middle  Farallon,  S.  by  V\   •  W     1  mile 


jTjjLiMieagwMnqgg^ 


North  Farallom'.s,  W.  i  N,  t  huUm. 
iU  foot        IWi  f«t.  ID'-  I'fi-t.  I1-'  t'n.'t. 


11  iHct.      N„rlli  "(I-  V. 


11*  (wx.  The  North  FarallniicH,  K  .  t  nuie. 


III"!  Il'lt. 


^. 


1",  f,..l. 


I'l  r.'.-i. 


In  west,  (NW.  1..V  A 
,iii<l  north  forty- li\ 
ii(>il  li  west  imit  ol'  t 

In  fo;,'';tv  wratl 
S,  .•  \r.l'^i'  Ilk) 

/»((m//»-.v.— Oir  1 

,it   r\ll-cni(l   low    Wilt 

tin ii-  is  a  tli'indt'il  1 
iiIimI  jiosilion  of  tl 
This  rocky  led 
,i|i|>i'>iiu'li*'s  slioalin; 
I'll-  locality  was  ca 
<lr|i  I  iniiH'il  to  locat 

Til.'  Mi.lilU 

Sdllllicll.st 

rill'  !,'t'o;;rapliii 

!.:ilitihli'.. 
I.oii);iliiclr 

I  111'  nia^'ut'tic,  V 

I  roni  tli(>  Miiltl 

.iinl  .1  li.ilt'  <l(';;rf('s  i 

iiiMi  north  seventy  i 


»i« 


i  liis  dangerous 

:«iilhui'st  anil  ea^l 

There  are  live  i 

11"  .iLinee,  as  tiieii 

NiiiliiMst  cluster,  ar 

■  1^1  li\  one  lil'th  of 


li 


(!<    »"( 


Tlie  nortliweste 

'■'\r  "■.'  the  norllieasi 

||  ii"i  ihiiorthwes 

'  .1'!'  'I  muss  as  a  sii 

I  '.If  •.ontheaster 

iiiiiih'Aestern  islet  It 

:u:"|illi'.     There  was 

"llih  .living;  Water  M| 

111  this  sonthca.- 

'ii|  'J.    HT.iily  seen   i 

-    '  :      liiMily  Vri'tiir 

"'liir  .-.  iii.e  liiiiiiln 

'liiMv  ,,  .1  n.||,  ,,|'  III, 

''•■'  liiii  !■  Iiiiiiilred  \ 
'■•'l^l'i  lies  three  liu 
•'ii'l  !"'  Illy-one  feet 
'1  i  ■•  thirty  iatliii 
"iil''"il  the  southea,- 
'iliT  •  I  the  soiitliw 
^iiil-  '  -in  these  ish 
'■*'•!!  V  'i.ii  the  lead  i 
\  i'iii;;h  these 
■\i'".     'ion  of  them 


I 


PACIFIC    COAST    IMI-«»r.  201 

In  west  (NW.  by  \\'.),  distant  two  iiii<l  a  i|iiarlfr  inili'S  from  the  Soiillifast  Faralloii  Fji;;lit  lioiisc, 
,iii.|  iiortli  rort.vlivt'  (lc;;i'('i'S  west  ( N.  I.")  MV.),  one  ami  llii('o-i|iiartris  miles  (roni  llic  oxtifiiii'. 
;  .illiwt'st  part  of  tlic  Soiillii'ast  I'aralloii. 

Ill  fojr^'y  wi'atlicr  tiii.s  l''aralIoii  is  a  daii^'ri- to  Vfsscls  a|i|iioa«'iiiiiK  the  .Soutlicast  I''aialloii, 
s,..|,a-f  I'IS.) 

Ihimiiys. — tMl'llic  Midillf  I'^aralloii  lies  a  suiikfii  rncl.-,  upon  wliicli  tlic  liicak  can  lie  seen  only 
I  .  \iic(iic  low  wafer,  when  a  loii;;,  lit'a\y  swell  is  roUin:;  in  from  tin-  mutliwcst.  At  such  times 
;ii.  I' is  a  decided  break  reeo;;iii/ed  by  tli(^  li^jlit  keeper,  from  whose  approximate  pointings  tlitt 
Ml  111  posilioii  of  the  dan;,'!  ;■  was  diseoxered. 

This  rocky  led;j;e  has  a  deptli  (d"  tivo  and  oiieipiailer  fathoms  upon  it,  with  rocky  bottom 
.i|iliniaclu's  Hhoaliii}^  re;;nlarly  to  tlio  Hiiiiimit,  althoii^'li  it  is  r.itliT  steeper  on  the  northwest  Nidc. 
Til'  locality  was  carefully  dra;;;,'ed  in  June,  187 1,  when  tlio  followinj,'  heariiitis  and  distances  wer(^ 
Ml  I  mined  to  hx-ate  its  jiositiou  : 

Tlic- Miildl..  r.MMlldii  liraix N.  '.'.•.'     K.         d.linilr. 

S.iiillirii>l    I'aialliiu  I-in'i'-li""^'' '^^    ''•' i     '••  -.;i  mile's. 

I'he  f,'eo^fraiihical  iiositioii  of  the  Middh-  I'aiallon  Is; 

I.alitiiili' MT      1:'.'  :U    .('.  iHirlli. 

I.iiliHiliiili' I-.M     III     .'itj   .S  wi'St. 

The  mafiuetit)  variation,  .laniiary,  1M8.'>,  is  Hi  '  HI'  east,  with  a  yi-arly  increase  of  O'.l. 

r'liiin  the  MiiMle  l'\ii'allou  the  Li^flit  house  on  the  Southeast  l''arallon  bears  suiilh  lil'ly-seveii 
dl  .1  half  dearies  cast  (S.  57.^  I'!.)i  <li"^'i'ii'  '^v  i""!  "iieiiiiartcr  miles;  ami  the  North  l'"aralloni'S 
.,11    loitli  seseiity  (K'l^recs  west  (X.  70  '  \V.),  distant  threo  ami  thiee-lilths  miles. 

TIIK  NOUTII   lAIJALI-OM'.S. 

This  daii^'eroiis  j;ioiipof  islets,  unmarkeil  by  any  aiil  to  ii,ivi;,Mtion,  lies  nearly  in  line  west- 
';.irlliuest  and  east  southeast  with  each  other,  and  also  with  the  .Middle  and  the  ^^oiillieast  I'arallon. 

I  here  are  ti\  (' priiicip  il  islets  in  tlni  ;;roup,  tlio  four   lai;,'eoiics  ha\  nii;  a  ri>ii;;hly  p\  ramidal 

ifi. II. nice,  as  their  name  denotes.     The  whole  of  them,  with  llii-  imnicdiale  dan;:ers  aioiind  the 

-1 1'llir.ist  cluster,  are  comprised  within  a  spac(^  foil  rti  ft  lis  of  a  mile  west,  north  west  and  cast -sou  th- 

.,l^l  i>\  one  liflli  (d'  a  mile   in  breadth.     They  are  wild,  ro(;ky.  luecipitoiis,  niid   aliimst   iiiacces- 

-:l.|f. 

The  northwesterumost  islet  is  triph'  headed,  and  has  two  small,  low,  rocky  islets  on  either 
vili'  I'l  the  northeast  peak,  which  is  one  hundred  and  eij,'liteeii  feet  lii;,'h.  I'rom  t  he  soiilli-soiltheast 
ail  iiiii  ihiiorthwesi  one  ol' these,  small  rocks,  I  weiityt'oiir  feet  lii;;li,  >how  just  clear  of  the  li  ole- 
ii'.iili'd  mass  as  a  small  pyramidal  i>let. 

Till' southeastern  cluster  (d'  this  ^roiip  is  composed  of  four  islets,  and  is  si  p.iratcd  from  the 
iiiirili'.M'stern  islet  by  a  i)as.saf::o  one-third  of  a  mile-  wide,  with  twenty  f.alioms  of  water  in  the 
iimlilli  .  'I'liere  was  a  lar^'i^  swell  riiiiiiin;.f  when  we  p.issed  tliiou;4h  twice,  and  tliire  was  no  si^n 
"I Till  .Kill:;  \v,,ter  up  to  th(^  eil;;e  of  cither  islet.     ^Ve  h.ive  named  this  //oo/x » ".s  I'ltssaiii . 

I  1  ihis  soiilliea>lcin  I'lilster,  the  two  islets  nearest  the  northwest  islet  are  ipiite  close  to;;ether 
uiil  ;;.  .iii.dly  seen  as  one.  They  arc  very  precipitous,  and  the  soul  hern  I, ice  of  the  western  one 
<\ii>  iiiMily  \ritical  to  the  summit,  which  is  one  hundred  and  lift\  live  fe<'t  above  the  se.i ;  the 
iillii'r  ;s  o;;e  hundred  and  eiy;ht  feet.  Iii^dl.  IJetwccli  these  two  Lslets  and  t  lie  southwestern  one 
tliiiv  i,  a  ;;.i|i  of  Ihiee  hundred  yi.rds  tilled  with  visible  and  sunken  rocks.  .V  very  heavy  breaker 
li>ilM(e  hundred  \arils  to  the  .southeastward  from  this  southwest  i>let.  The  fourth  islet  of  this 
'lil.slii  lies  Iliice  hundred  y.irds  to  the  southeast  waril  of  the  others;  it  is  only  (illy  yards  in  lenjjtll 
■mil  t"i'iily  one  feet  alio\e  the  water,  with  daiii,'ers  around  it. 

Tlie  thirt.N  fitliom  curve  liesclo.so  around  this  f;roiip  of  the  North  I'arallones,  bein;;  half  a 
iiiilfiiil  ihe.soiulie.otcrn  <'lus|er  and  a  (|uarterof  a  mile  oil'  the  mutli western  islet,  with  the  deeper 
w:ilcr  .-1  tl'c  soulhweslerii  side  of  the  Kioiip.  Tlii>  t weiity-tathom  curve  is  about  four  hundred 
Miib  '111  these  islets,  so  tli  it  a  vessid  in  thick  weather  ni.iy  be  close  upon  them  unexpectedly 
'ii'ii  V  i|rii  the  lead  is  kept  j;oin;,'. 

Ai;:iiiii;;h  these  islets  .seemed  ina(!ces,silde,  and  they  are  so  with  any  swell  on,  yet  in  our  cur.sory 
"iiiin:     'loll  of  them  we  .saw  the  marks  of  the  Kull-ej,';;  hunters  ujioii  two  of  theiu. 


?r 


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i> 

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fil 

^  .  !i' 

1 

Mi;. 


"il  'i 


M''\ 

i      1    ' 

\w 

i      '1 

r  '    :!  *! 

i^ 

't« 

Iffi 

1  ■' 

i  ll 


,t  r 


I  lilt 

mm 


msm 


;  : 


I  I 


•J  02 


I'MII'lC    (OAsr     I'll. III. 


The  ;,'t'o;;r:ipIiiiMl  posilions  of  llu'  i.iiiici|':il  lica.ls  mv  civ.'ii  I'lom  tlif  l.isl  i'\aiiiiii;iliiiii  ..i 
Cttusi  aiul  (ii'inU'lif,  Siii\t'\  . 


Niirlliwo'*! 

U\u\uM  ,  imIiMIi 
f<»mtli»riitnii. 


Ilili:hi     I.iililiiilo       1..iiii;iliiilf     I.iiiL'lh' 

tin  r  '  (hill  tl.',  Irt.  Ill  I  \illil"l  . 


1I^      .17    4i>    II      I.M    ml    -M  -'"' 

i.',r,     ':-    r.   M    i.'i  11,1   r.,1        \m 
111      :i:    If.    i:i    i-n  o'.   r.;i        liw 


Till' cMoiit  olilic  Iwoiiiidtllc  l.>liis  I.Mii),' Miulliwi'Nt  iiiiil  iiiiillK'asi  is  1  wo  liiiiulrnl  and  cijilih 
livf  \arils.     Tlic  impiIImiii  i.sict   lii's  iioiili   sixt.x  live  miil  a  liall'  (l(';.'ift's  west  (N.  (loA  '  W.)  .si\  an' 
Iwolliinl.s  iiiilf.s  tiiiii  llic  .'-'oiitliia>t  raialloii   l.i;;lit  Ih.iim;  ami  (mm  llic  INiiiit  Kf.M's  l,i;;|ii  Imii-i 
it  lit'ai's  t'xacilv  siiiuli,  (lislaiil  rmii  lien  iiiil)>. 

The  cimrM' t'liiMi  till' iMiilli\M'>l('rii  i>l(t  lo  liir  \Vlii>lliii;:  liiioN  oil'  tin'  Saii  I'lanci^co  l:.ii 
iiiiilli  M'MiilN  livi' ami  a  liair  ili'-lrcs  ca-l  (N.T.'iA  I'.,  or  ll.  Ii\  N.\N.iaml  I  lie  ilislanrc  I  u  .  i 
ami  a  half  iiiilcs. 

One  mill'   broail   oll'llic  ;,'roii|i  of  tl.f    N.alli    I''aralloiii'<   to  tlif  soul  liui'sl    llicifisa   pai.i:. 
.silliiii.iiiiii'  riil.m'  lia\iiiji  twciitv  M'Vi'iiaml  I  vm'IiIn  iiiiii'  lal  lioins  ii|hiii  ii  :   ami  IwuamI   a   (|ii.iiii 

miles  soiitliuisl  of  llif  {iiciiip  ilif   titl\  laliioiii   lim'   inns  par.illi  I  « ilii    lln'   ;;cmial  ;rf  ol   ■'■•■ 

(lilU'iriit  j.'ioii|is.     Till'  Iwolitimlnil  lalliom  line  is  only  lour  miles  lo  tlic  sonlliufst  oniie  i-Ni- 

llisiile  llie  North  I'aialloiies  the  fortv  ratlioin  eiirve  is  alioilt  one  ami  a  (piailer  miles  di-lani. 
ami  pieseives  a  very  rey:iilar  liottoin  east  ol' a  northeast  Inn';  tow  irds  I'oinI  I{e\  es  is  a  sliuli:  1. 
deeper  hottom  of  forty  live  fathoms. 

Towards  the  Mnhlie  I'aiallon,  lieai  iii;i  solllli  .--eventy  de;;iees  east  (S.  70  '  I'.',  distant  lin.i^ 
and  tiller  lift  hs  miles,  the  depth  is  ipiiie  nniloini  at  thins  si\  I'.iliioiiis  over  a  lioltom  i>(  ;:ra\i  1  nil 
lirokeii  shells.     .No  dangers  have  lieeii  loiiml  or  repoiled  in  this  opening  heiueeii  the  ^ioiip>. 

Norlhweslwaidly  from  the  islets  the  lioltom  is  somewhat  ii  re;,'iilar,  from  Ihiityoiie  to  j.  \  ■ 
oiH!  fathoms  for  three  miles  to  the  Nooiidas  h'oek,  w  hieh  lies  north  ••i;;hty  tlilet;  dixn  <■-  '  ' 'f 
(N.  .s;'\V.)  from  the  nortliwesterii  islet. 

I'oi'  sailiiiir  direel ions  in  apinoaehinf;  these  i.>lets,  see  pa;;es  'JO. !-'_'!  1,1. 

N'iewsof  these  i>lelsaie  j,'iven  from   se\eial  direel  ions,  es]ieeially  from  the  po.silioii  ol    N       i 
day  lioik.     The  ;^eneial  eliarts  of  theCoa^t  Survey,  from  I'oint  I'iiios  to  l!odet;a  Head,  ami    ii-iil 
the  (iolileii  (late  to  I'oiiit  Arena,  exhiliit  tlie  eliaraeterisiie  soiindiiurs  alioni  the  islands  and   il'ir 
relation  to  the  coast. 

These  i;ioii|is  of  islets  were  donlitless  seen  liy  <',iliiillo  and  I'errelo  in  Nmcinlier.  ftl'.'.  liU  re 
not  nieiitioiied  in  tlnir  iiariat  ives.     (See  remaiKs  on  Tiiilf  of  the  I'aialloi  es,) 

Sir  rrancis  Diaho  is  the  lirst  that  siieeilieally  mentions  ••eerl.iiii  'des  l\iii;^  a  little  \\i'  nt 
the  liarlior  "  where  he  relitted  and '' tiinimed  ■'  his  :diips,  "ami  by  them  the  islands  of  Si.  .1,  eg 
wherein  are  jileiity  of  seaKs  and  fowls,"'  Tin' former  ;;ioiip  is  donlitless  the  North  I-'arallone--.  iid 
the  latter  the  Southeast  I'aralloii,  w  ith  its  several  lii;;h  peaks,  where  he  landed  and  .sn|iplied  h  I'lf 
with  sea  lion  meat  in  .Inly,  l.">T!t, 

Admiral  .losti  Cabrera  lliiemi  (ionzah's  says,  17">l,  thai  to  the  soul  lisnnlhwcsl  of  ilu-  oft 
(Drake's  I'.ay)  there  are  six  or  seven  white  I''aralloni's,  eie.,  and  in  eunijii;;  down  the  eoa^i  un 
•  "ape  Mendocino  these  I'aiallones  are  a  ^ood  si;;n  to  reeo;;iii/e  I'oinI  Ke\  c.s  und  t  he  hai  boi  bcli'   ;  it, 

Tlieir  j;('o;;ra|ihieal  name,  Faiallones  de  los  Frayles,  docs  mil  ap|ieai  in  Zniii;^a,  \'ciic..  or 
Cabrera  lliieno.     Mit;nel  Constan/o  reports  seein;^  the  l'"arallones  from  .Monlaia  I'oinI  in  K' 

ill  October,  I77"i.  Ileeeta  dcsi;,'iiate-i  them  the  Islets  of  San  I'l.incisco. 

I'aloii,  in  liis  Noticia.s  do  la  NiievaCalilbrnia,  calls  them  '-Los  i'aiallones  del  .Nolle,"  1, 

III  17'.t(»  I'idalf,'!)  calls  them  '•  Los  Faralliines  de  San  I'raneiseo." 

They  ]irobably  ii-eeived  their  present  name  alter  the  \o\a;:es  of  I'.ode^a  and    Manicll.        ide 


under  the  orders  of  I'.ailio  I'ravle  I)oii  Antonio  Ibicaielli  v  \  iseia    alll "h  it 


>«! 


that  they  were  named   in  hoiioi' of  the.  l''ra\les  or  I'riais,  who  made  the  discovery  of  tin'  i       of 
San  I'laneisco  by  land  in  17f>!t. 

Kiiiinihtij  /oh/.-.— for  deseri|)tioii  of  this  rock  and  the  buoy  markiii;,'  the  locality,  see  |i       en 
in  tlie  Ap|iroaclie.s  to  San  J'raiicisco  liar,  paj;es  L'o.i  and  L'oi. 


1    r 


lit 


.rt 


w. 


^ 


)  .I'l 


3  'mm 


1. 1  '* 


;#i 


V 

1   ■ 

,1 

.;,.?: 

.#'^1 

i 

s 

or 


ide 
of 


en 


l^lii..b 


L^-i^i^,. 


.iW. 


Jf    ..Pr- 


Soiillifint  l'nr»l|..ii  l.l^ht-llollN.•,  \V.  |  S  ,t;^  niilrs. 


N'Tlh  r,uiill..nrH,  Ifi7  fei-f,  W.  (  N.,  l!i  inilcH. 
Tlio  ,hor..H  nitli,.  C.li  „r  ,1,.  KaralloneH  (fr..in  iimM.,  )l,o  Kuri.llom.H 


Point  Royeu  LighthouNo.  Drake's  Hay,  K\V.  J  N.,  18  miiet 


'^?w*-i:i^^.i^gf^^^'^'^^ 


I)rak«'H  Hiiv. 


Donl"!!-  Point. 


iiallonoM  Kay. 
itiixbiiry  Ktiiif. 


Jlouiit   TiiiimlpaiH.a.flOl  iVet, 
NB:.  by  N.  i\.,l<),„ii,.s. 


i    I 


HP  f 


l  \W' 


m 


t 

i 

Piit 

,  i 

■,'* 

Niiilli  Kiiralloiits.  K.  by  S..  It  miles. 


Miilillf  F'.'krulluii. 
I'niiii  Nooniiay  Kiick. 


Mcimil  Ilcl  'lid.  I.IU:!  Ii'ct  Priiiil  KcyeH  l.iKht-Iioust'.  S,  b)  I'.,  i  K.,  14  iiiilen. 

From  Nhoi'I.iv  Kcxk. 


Soutlu'iist  l';iiiilliiM.  i;.  liy  S.  I  S.   14  iiiit.-s. 


i^^em^wsww?^^?^^^- 


i 

p  1 

11 

111  1 

m 

wf^'   r 

p| 

*^    ■ 

1 

■  J«  1     i 

5    '          f 

ft 

* 

i 

llii'  ;i|i|iniiU:lirs,  illtl 
iMii  ill  inoilcralo  \v 

iIm  W  llCl't'  .li'.S(M'il>t'(l 

I'liiilloiics  art'  also  i 
ilcii  ilaiif,'!'!'  to  iiavi^j 
tlii'iii;  hiiH  bolil  wati 
ilic  usual  onlcr  wo  1 


This  is  (lio  jtriiK 
San  i'laiicisco  I'ay. 
MSI  -I'liliiiii  lircaks  u 
HCilluT  it  is  cspccia 

Tiiis  (laiijjiT  lies 
I'anilloii  tlii'()ii;;li  tlit 

iic^'ii'i's  west  (y.  s.'i- 

1 1  is  on  tlic  llix^ 
''■:,■  |M'ai\  of  tlio  oasti 
miil:i'  III  liiiil  it  and 

I'l'i'  Noonilay  U^ 
ii'ito'i  ii  at  low  water 
;  'ik  u  IMC  iiiidi'i'talic 
ili.ilr  liii'alily.  Olio 
till'  cilitT  four  and  ; 
hrt  liiai;  hy  thirty  I 
;"!  Mi'M  to  break  icj. 
i  l^T'i  by  tii(.  ;'nit( 

I,  lie  in  issiJane 
'"■  a  iiarniw  h'djic,  a 
li  w.i^  very  narrow, 

ll|iii|l  It.       I'lKb'!'  cell 

iiii'k  iliii|i|ird  oil'  vei 
uiiri;,  t'lthoiii  curve 
iiii\r  was  tliree  hir 
«i',>t  liy  south  (and, 
"illi  thirty  rallioins 

in  Si|iteiiiber,  1 
ii'ct  a!M,\c  tlie  jihiiie 
.  iially  ti-^s  weather 
lii'aiiiiix'  east  when  t 
li'iHhrasI  I  Si:.)  to  el 
>lriirk  ;hiee  tunes,  ti 

Tins  would  iiidi 
'^1  '1  |iii-:lioii  dllVi'leii 
''l'iil;;llt  tlic  Vfssel  - 
l"lt  iioi  alisolute  eon 
'I"'  M'l-Lii  iiidicatin 

llll'  illlm    so   |„.,||-   t|„, 

I  hi'>i'  locks  slioi 

y'li.iii  S!iiml.—'l 

Till!  l.,o,k  itscli;  reek 

"•'illi\\,',t  and  east  s 

ii''''i;ii!.ii  iioiii  nineti 

'■ni"!liii„yiH(l,Hil,||,.,. 
I  Sw  I'U^o  »n  lot-  locu 


I'ACIKK     COAST   ril-OT. 


203 


DANOKIiS   IN   TllK   Al'rUOACIII'.S   TO  KAN  KUANCISC'O  BAK. 

TIk^  fjroups  of  tho  raralloiuvs  Islanth  may  he  plact'd  among  tli»^  dangors  because  they  lie  in 
ihi'  .ipproarlifs,  iilllioiigli  tlifir  liciglit  ami  size  make  flicm  «'asily  avoiiU-d  in  gooil  weather,  ami 
,Mii  ill  moilerale  winler  weallier.  In  heavy  t')^'s  they  are  (hiiigeis.  Tlie  Soiitlieast  FaraUoii  is 
,l>r\\lieie  .l.'sciilx'd  in  (h'tail  witli  the  I-igiiliioiise  ami  log  whistU-.  The  Middle  and  the  North 
r.ii.illones  are  also  fully  descrilted.  The  two  laltt-r  have  no  aids  to  navigation.  The  greatest  hid- 
>{i  II  il.iiigfr  to  navigation  is  Noonday  Uoek  olVlln'  North  Farailones,  liccanse  it  is  three  miles  from 
ilii  in;  has  hold  water  all  around  it,  iin<'.  seldom  lireaks.  This  danger  is  therefore  described  out  of 
ilii'  usual  order  we  have  laid  down. 

NOONDAY   HOCK. 

Tliis  is  the  principal  ami  farthest  outlying  hidilen  danger  in  the  apjiroai'lies  to  the  coast  near 
S.iii  I'laiieisco  l>ay,  I'iVen  in  good  weather  the  locality  is  particularly  lo  he  avoided  because  tlm 
~isi  MJilom  breaks  upon  tht!  rock  excejit  in  very  heavy  weather  with  low  tide.  In  thick  and  foggy 
viMllicr  it  is  especially  dangerous  to  large  vessels. 

Tills  danger  lies  four  liCtlis  of  a  mile  south  of  the  inolongatioii  of  the  line  from  the  Southeast 
I  iialloii  thr(Uigli  the  nortliwesteriimi>s(  of  the  North  l'"arallones,  and  three  miles  north  eighty-three 
;i':;iics  west  (N.  S.'P  \V.)  from  the  north westeriiii"ist  islet. 

it  is  on  the  line  of  the  we-item  ]ieak  of  the  noit  Invest  ern  most  of  the  Nuiih  I'ara  Hones  on  with 
• !.  |"ik  of  the  easteriiinost  (one  hundred  and  eight  feet  high)  of  the  same  group.     'I'iiis  is  u  good 
.111-1'  h>  lind  it  and  to  avoid  it. 

fl'i'  Noonday  Itoek  was  supposed  to  be  a  single  bayonet  rock  with  tliiee  and  a  half  fathoms 

ilMiii  it  at  low  water,  springing  from  the  I'aniiy  .Shoal;  but  when  the  operaiioiis  for  removing  this 

■il(  vvcre  nnderlaken  in  1S7."»  it  was  found  that  ^•<«  nthi'r  shin-j)  imiiitctl  mrl.s  exisletl  in  the  inline- 

Liii'  liicality.     One  of  these  rocks  was  reporteil  to  have  onl.\  two  and  a  half  fathoms  iii>on  it,  and 

[iii'iitlicr  four  and  a  half  fathnms.     The  former  was  the  larger  and.  b>  estimation,  was  seventy 

In  r  loag  by  tliiitN  feet  «  idc  abovt>  the  four  fathom  line.      If  tlii>  is  so.  it  is  wondt  rliil  that  it  is 

"'  M  III  to  break  legiilarly  in  the  long  northwest  swell.     The  original  Noonday  I'ock  was  destroyed 

;  l>7i  by  I  lie  '.'nited  States  I'liigiiieers. 

I. lie  in  lss((  an  exam  illation  waseominenced  to  obtain  more  intbrniatioii.  The  rock  was  found  to 
'I'll  ii.irrow  ledgi',  abmit  sixty  yards  long  east  and  west,  within  the  Ibiir  and  a  half  fathoms  line. 
li  WIS  very  narrow,  and  at  the  eastern  emi  thert^  was  found  a  point  with  four  fathoms  of  water 
ii|»i|i  il.  I'lider  certain  conditions,  part  of  the  rock  mass  could  lie  seen  tliroii;,di  the  water.  This 
iii.'k  liiiipped  olf  veiy  suddenly  on  all  sides,  but  more  partjcnlarly  on  the  north  slo[ie,  wlierti  the 
iiiirl;,  I  itlioiii  curve  is  only  si'veiity  live  yards  distant.  To  the  southward  the  t  wentyti  ve  lalhom 
iiirve  «as  ihiee  liu'nlred  and  lifiy  yards  distant.  About  seven  hnndied  and  titty  yards  to  the 
«i'>i  liy  south  (and,  of  <'oiiise,  lieyoiiil  the  buoy)  a  sounding  of  nineteen  fithoins  was  obtained 
'  illi  Ihiity  fathoms  close  to  ii. 

hi  September,  ISTK,  tiie  ship  Ahishd,  drawing  tweiityoi-e  b'ct  of  water  and  with  the  tiile  four 
ii'fl  ,rMi\c  the  plane  ol'  rel'eie'ice  of  the  soundings  on  the  ehail.  was  approaching  the  coast  in  par 
ii.illy  |.ii;g\  we.ulier,  with  the  N«  rtli  Fanilloiies  visihle  at  times,  and  reporteil  that  the  vessel  was 
lii'.iiliii^'  east  w  hen  the  Noonday  Kock*  was  made  sipiare  ahead.  The  (  onrse  was  then  changed  to 
'I'lrilh.ist  (NK.)  to  clear  the  rock  and  more  sail  made,  which  occupied  sopi  Mine.  The  vessel  then 
>lnii'lv  :liiee  limes,  (iam.'ging  her  false  keel,  breaking  two  or  three  planks,  etc. 

Tins  wiiiild  indicate  that  lliere  was  another  sunken  rock,  but  the  Mammoth  Ibioy  was  then 
'I  -I  l'"-ition  dill'eicnl  to  that  assigned  to  it  on  ilie  chart,  and  the  change  of  course  of  the  ship 
i"ii:iil  the  vessel  diiectiv  upon  the  Nooiida,\  K'ock  itself.  So  that  it  may  he  said  with  great, 
i"il  iM'i  alisoliite  conlideiice  thai  there  is  no  other  danger  in  t  liis  \  iciiiity.  It  was  the  report  of 
III'  I 'lis/."  iiidiciting  a  new  danger  that  caused  the  late  examination,  and  also  the  jdaciiig  of 
'111' liiim  M,  I,,.. II  the  rock  as  at  present.' 

""■""•  ""■I"'*  shoiihl  he  re veil  as  llie  oiigiiial  Noonday  Wock  was. 

/"'-iv  .s7/()fi/._The  Noonday  llock  forms  the  culminating  poinl  of  the  I''aiiny  Shoal  or  liank. 
ill'  'Miilv  Itself,  reckoned  inside  the  thirty  I'athoiu  line,  is  jirobably  on.'  and  a  half  miles  long  west- 
""'lli»'>'  ami  east  soiitheiist,  by  half  a  mile  wide.  ThroUirhont  the  bank  the  umndings  are  very 
""■-ii''i  lioiii  nineteen  fathoms,  and  the  indications  are  im  '  \   bottom  with  gravel.     To  tin- .south- 


Mi,. 


I  Si 


\  i->  iliiiilillisM  ri'l'i'iTi'il  Id,  null'!,,-,  tin'  nu  K  ilsi'lC 


ill.  ';ilvi 


■«■  l"'<;u '-.'04  r.ulouuU 


if  wliii  11  no  moiitiiiu  wliatuvtir  wasiiiailo. 


Ill  of  liL'U-ljuoy  (iiilj3i.'niii.'Ul,  luJJuciiuli.T  I,  lS<Jd, 


:# 


I; 


204 


PACIFIC    COA.sr    ril.OT. 


wartl  of  tliis  bank  tlii'  bottom  falls  away  vcn  lai.i.llv,  ivacliiii','  llfty  fatlioiiis  in  one  niilo  from  II 


S'oonilav  Uock  ami  om'  Imndivd  fathoms  in 


liiici'  mill's.     To  tlu>  wcst-nort Invest  tlii>  lifty-fatln 


^tri'tcl 


Kvs  out  fiMir  am 


I  a  half  milt's  from  tin'  rofU;  and  midway  InHwi'cii  Noonday  IJoi'k  ai 


Icr  roai'lii'd    is  fortv  linlit   fathoms  of  wati-r  over  sand  ami 


Point  Rcyi's  tln«  ificatest  (h'[ilU  of  wa 
slii'lls. 

Vessels  liave  such  a  wliolesomc  dread  of  this  dan^'er  and  of  the  North  Farallones  that  tli 
always  ineline  to  keep  near  Point  lieyes  lleail. 


The  jjeo^raphical  i>osition  o 
Cieodetii'  Survey  as  follows  : 


f  Noondav  lIocU  has  been  determined  by  the  V.  S.  Coast  a  i<l 


I.i)iif,'ilii(l<' 


:!T      IT 


north. 


.  I'j;!   o'.r  :>:>'  wohi. 


The  niagnetie  variation  is  1(1     10'  east,  .1;       iry.  lSS,j. 


The  followini;  bt'aiin;;s  and  distances  are 


I'oiiil  Ki'Vi's  I.i;;lil-liiiMsi' 


n  from  the  l!ock  t(/  prominent  objects: 


.N.  IJJ    l'..ili»iiun  II   mill' 


N(iit1iiriiini»l  i>li'l  I'l'  Nurtli  r.oallniii's  . 
ruinl  I{iiiii'l:»  l.ittlit-liHiisc 


S.  -;;      K.  (lislaiit    .'t    mill's. 
.N.Tii'J     i:.(liMliint  '.Wi  inili'H. 


AVlil>lliiiij  lliiov  oir  San  rrancisio  liar. 
l>millii'a>t  I'aralliMi  l.iL;liIlicMis(> 


...N.T'.if     r..ili>la)it  -.'IH  tiiihi 


n       v..  ilintant    '.'i  iLiili'ti. 


!lii'  pilot-boat,  di'if 
«,i:cr.  .Suddenly  I 
liiiimms,  when  it  i 
111'  iilinj.'boat  was 
al  .III  estimated  (lis 

On  the  I'd  of 
>iiu(k  twiec!  upon 
jiitl  within  an  lioni 
ill  Ml',  sea  smooth,  I 
Hi-i  carryiiiji  Inr  t 
sill  reported  the  ni 
i:.  i.y  S.  .^  S.). 

On   the  L'lHh  ol 
I  "i-i  and  (Joodetic 

111  Ajiril,  IST.I, 
III'  till'  r.  S.  Army, 
tlir  last  e.vaminatioi 


141 


m^ 


I  t   r 


IIOMI 


The  U.  !>.  Coast  Survey  charts  of  the  api>roaches  from  Point  Piuos  to  P.odcfja  Head,  and 
the(ioldcii  date  to   Point  Arena,  j,'ive  the  characteristic  soundinj;s  of  the  vicinity  o'' Noon  l.i\ 
Rock  and  its  relation  to  the  I'aralhuies. 

One  of  the  views  j;i\-en  was  taken  from  Noonday  Puck  and  shows  Mount  Helena  open  t.Mir 
dejjrces  totlie  westward  of  Point  Itcycs  Lighthouse.  Tlii.-  mountain  isonly  seen  in  clear  weal  Iut 
beaiing  north  eij:ht  decrees  east  (N.  .S' ]■;.),  tifly  eijiht  miles  distaii!  :  it  is  tour  thousand  tlm-f 
hundred  anil  t'ortythiee  feet  above  the  sea.  The  second  view  on  same  jiaj^e  shows  the  ^^iiiei.il 
relation  of  the  North  and  Soiitli  I'aralloues,  with  .Montara  ^lountain  in  range  with  the  Nrntli 
Farallones. 

X(")iiilinj  Hiuli — Bdlhunji. — The  lull  luiny  liasiii;,'  broken  adrift  about  December  ],  l^>^,  it 
has  been  replaced  by  another,  which  has  been  mooied  in  twentyfoui'  fathoms  of  water. o\ir;i 
roikyand  uneven  bottom.  It  lies  about  ei.uht  hundred  yards  west  quarter  noilhiW.  [  N.  'mu 
the  rock,  and  lus  the  rocii  in  i.uil;!'  witli  the  black  hiiiiimock  of  the  jiiiint  of  t!ie  northwestci  ir  -: 
Farallou  on  with  the  cen!''r  of  the  easternmost  islet  of  the  same  ;:ronp.  This  i.-i  the  same  i  <:  .i 
on  which  the  former  biu)y  lay,  but  farther  from  the  dan^'cr. 

\iioii(liti/  IiDch-  liiidji — Ih-nlirl. — The  bell  boat  which   luokc  adrift  from  its  moorings  iieai   iln' 
Noonday  Itock 
the  end  of  January  it  wa.>  seen  a  1 


It  Decembei'  I,  bss-i,  has  been  seen  and  its  position  located  several  tin 
souihwesi  of  Capi'  Orford,  and  was  then  drifti 


\\\ 


cw  miles 


soutliwestward  by  heavy  northwest    gales.     ICaily  in  J'cbriiary  it  was  seen  moving  agai 
iiortlnvanl. 


J>in(liiiiis  t'l' 


'tVui'i  Xdiinihii/  /i'i)( /.'. — In  the  description  of  the  Soiitlu'ast   I'arallon, 


the  directions  for  approaching  San  I'r.iiici 


ha\e  heictoloie  advised 


\essels  approacliii 


(loldcn  Clate  at   nii;lit  and   in  tlilik  weallier  to  keep  to  the  southward  of  the  Southe.ist  I'.ii     lui 
Light.     This  aihice  has  more  si;;iiilicance  since  the  di-.covei\ of  Nnoinlav  Pock,  and  slioiil!  I'l' 


jllowed.     With  J'oiiit  P 


iiiil  the  groups  of  the  I'aiallones  in  sight,  v 'ssels  bound  in  ai 


iiiug  between  them  and  the  point,  siiould  bring  the  western  head  of  I'oiiit   Ifeyes  to  bear  n  • 
to  the  northw.ird  of  porth-uoitheast  iXNI',.),  until  the  Nmlh  and  the  Southeast  Farallones 
range:  then  bear  away  for  the  (ioldeu  Ciate.      When   Point   Peves  bears   N'ortliiiorlhcasi    N"i: 


and  the  North  and  Soiiilieast  I'arallon 


arc-  in  laiiuc.  the  depth  is  Ibrty  fathoms,  and  the  Ni 


Pock  w  ill  bear  east   half  south  ^I],  \  S.)  aliout  two  and  ouehalf  miles  distant  and  eight  Imi     iil 
yards  t'ldin  the  buoy. 

Coming  iVoiii   the  norlhwestwanl  at    iii-lil ,  M'ssels  should   not    bring  the  Southeast   I'';iMi"nj 
Light  to  bear  anything  oast  of  souilnasi  li\  east  iSi;.  by  l!.),  w  iiicli  w  ill  clear  t  he  ioel>  li>  |.\.    li.l! 
a  half  miles  and  the  North  I'aiallones  li\  one  mile.     Put  in  comiii';  lioin  the  northwestw.inl.  ■      • 
generally  eiiileavor  to  make  Point  Pe,\es  Light  hecanse  the  ajipioaches  to  it  are  over  moic  i. 
'ooitom  ami  tliere  are  no  onllviii"-  daiiKcis  olf  that  head. 


The  existence  of  the  Nooiidav  P 


•k  leilt;e  was  lirst  made  known  to  us  in  Ajuil,  isijd,  It 


beeu  uiseuvered  by  Captaiu  George  Simittou  ou  the  J3th  of  .March.     The  weather  was  caln..  ii"lj 


This  danger  in  I 
I.I-  i'ceii  fullv  lie.scri 


lo  mark  the  dai 
■  I'l.sN  t  'III  liHitji  with  »-i 
iiii'lv>  liottom.     Thei 
fill  luo  miles  to  the 
San  I  i.iuciseo  Par,  I 

'•'■ Ji  ihe  Poneta  i 

i  lie  buoy  lies  rv 
'■\!i.;iiity  of  ilie  Itlii 
li.illi'ii.is  Point  ;  and 
'i"iii  Point  lionet, 1 
l..U""ii,  near  ihe  Lit 
-'II' li  I  leveii  degrees 
Till-  Point  i;e\es 
■'|:h1  ;i  Vessel  oiie-ijiia 
"I  till' electric  ll;;lil  o 
■"«|'i  "11  I'oint  lioui 

^  '  ssels  m.lklll; 
'"1  lie   iilioy  ou  the  w 
I'Miiiisvce  Cove  iiiilil 

'  '  lacilit.iie  any 
''i''-e  ■ilid  oilier  linpo 


PACIFIC   COA.ST   PILOT. 


205 


till-  |iilotlM(;(t,  (triftiiif;  with  tlio  current,  was  llsliiiig  off  tlu)  North  Faralloiies  in  forty  Hithoms  of 
wv.rv.  Siiddfiil.v  tlio  line  slacktMiiMl,  and  thi"  depth  raiiidl.v  decreased  to  ten  and  finally  to  nine 
t.iiiMiins,  when  it  increased  ajjain  to  the  lirst  depth.  No  other  examination  was  made,  as  the 
iMMidin^r  Ixtat  was  lishinj;-  some  mile-,  distant.  The  North  Farallones  Itore  east  by  south  {E.  by  S.) 
Ill  111  estimated  distance  ol  live  mih.s;  the  sin};le  shore-rauKO  taken  was  unavailable  for  plottinj;. 

On  the  L'd  ol  .lannaiy,  isti.i,  (ho  eiijiper  ship  JS'(»()/i(/(/i/,  draw in{j  twentyonc  feet  of  water, 
>tiuck  twici!  upon  one  of  the  points  of  the  rock  forming  the  apex  of  the  led<,'e,  i)assed  over  it, 
,111(1  within  an  hour  sank  in  furty  fathoms  of  water.  .\t  the  time  of  her  strikinj;,  the  weather  was 
ijr.ir,  sea  smooth,  Imt  wilh  a  very  lartje  swell  from  the  northwest,  and  the  wind  from  the  north- 
wr-i  carrying;  her  towards  the  (iolden  Gate  about  nine  or  ten  miles  an  liour  with  everything  set. 
Slic  reported  the  rock  cij;lit  miles  from  the  North  Faralloiies,  which  bore  east  by  south  half  .south 
j;.  l.y  8.  \  S.). 

On  the  L".Mh  of  .lannary  the  position  of  this  danger  was  first  accurately  determined  by  tuo 
(ii.i-i  and  (!eo(leti(!  Survey,  and  notii-e  thereof  immediately  published. 

Ill  April,  lS7r»,  one  of  the  sharp  peaks  was  blown  away  under  the  direction  of  the  Engine m's 
of  ilie  I/'.  S.  Army,  but  no  proi>osition  has  been  made  to  destroy  the  others.  Jt  was  in  bSS(»  that 
thr  last  examination  located  the  ledge  as  it  is  now  known. 

DUXnURY  REEF. 

Tiiis  danger  in  the  approaches  to  San  Kranci.sco  liar  is  on  the  imniediato  slioro-line,  and  it 
his  iiicn  fully  described  under  the  head  of  Duxbiiry  Point  ami  Heel',  page  !!•:.'. 


Dl'XIU'RV   KEEK  lUOV. 

In  iiiaik  the  dangerous  reef  which  makes  out  on(>  iiiilo  southeast  from  nuxbiiry  Point,  iitimt- 
rlitss  1,111  hiioji  \\i\U  1-1(1  (iiiil  lihtcl;  lt(>ri:i))ilnl  xttijies  has  been  placed  in  Iwchi'  (atlioiiis  of  water; 
riicK\  iMittoin.  'fliere  is  slightly  dcejier  water  eastward  of  it,  and  the  bottom  i>  not  \ery  regular 
U  tuo  miles  to  the  eastward.  This  buoy  must  also  be  regarded  as  an  aid  to  t  le  navigatiiui  of 
S.iii  I  i.iiicisco  Itar,  liecaiise  it  is  a  point  of  departure^  for  vessels  tVom  the  iiortliwe.s;-,v.ird  entering 
tliKuuh  the  lioiu'ta  Channel. 

111.'  buoy  lies  two  and  oiie-iiuarter  miles  south  thirty-two  degrees  east  (8.3-^  K.)  from  tlu 
i\iir;,i;ty  of  the  l)liitf  at  l)u\bury  Point;  three  and  two  tilths  mites  south  ti  fly  degrees  east  fron, 
ii.illt'ii.is  Pitiiit ;  and  seven  anil  seven  I'ighths  miles  north  ei;;ht\iiine  degrees  west  (X.  SIP  W.) 
iniiii  Point  ISoiicIa  Light  house.  Fiom  the  bliitV  at  the  west  side  of  the  eiitian<e  to  P>ailen;.s 
l.,i;;nuii,  near  the  Lite-saving  station,  the  distance  is  three  and  one-;iiiarter  miles  and  the  beariay 
SMiiih  ,  level!  degrees  east  (S.  IP   P.). 

The  Point  l!e\es.  Southeast  I'arailon,  and  Point  Ihuieta  Lights  are  \  i^ible  from  tin.-.  jMisitioii; 
I 'alula  vessel  oiie-ipiai  ter  of  a  mile,  south  of  it  is  on  tlie  norlheiu  edge  of  the  siiiall  arc  of  visibility 
iif  tliciiietric  light  (Ui  T.  legraph  Hill  showing  through  the  low  depression  nor  '  of  the  old  Light- 
liiwn  on  Point   iioiieta. 

V  ^mI,>  maiviiig  this  buoy  can  lay  a  course  for  the  Whistling  buo\ ,  Ku-  the  Main  Ship  Channel, 
ti'i  tlir  iiuoy  on  the  west  end  of  the  Four  fathom  P.ank  ;  or  I'oi  the  P.oneta Channel  by  steering  for 
i'iiiiii--.(.,.  Ci(\,.  tiutil  the  rangt*  for  the  lalti'r  channel  eo>;n  .^  on. 

In  lacilitate  any  r)f  these  operations  the  following  bearings  and  distances  from  the  buoy  to 
iliisi'  ;iiii|  oilier  important  objects  are  given,  as  follows  : 

Wlii-iiliMi-liiiiiy,  III  l.'ilalli siiiiiMili' till'  liar S.  -'.'J  \',.  lU  miles. 

M, nil  ."slnii  CliaiiiiiO  over  llin  |!:ir S.  Ill  K,  "li  iiiin's. 

Illiiik  IliiovNii,  1,  lUV  tho  wcsl  I  mC  I'liiir  lailiiiiii  Hank S.  f',|  1'..  1*  nuli'.s. 

'riiini'v.r>M'iiM>  (liir  U la  Cliaiiin-i) N.  sl^  !■;.  {',[  inili's. 

Anil  IIh'  raiiKi'  Inr  ll.i.  naim' i  liaiinrl  cm  ,amr  liraiiiij;,  ili.slaiil  "4  iiiiU'H. 

I'liint  I{c>r»!,i(t|,(.i,„iiM. j;  7^  \v,  ITI  milfn. 

liMiililn  Point X.  ri.",i,  \V.  r.i  iiil.'s. 

liallinaH  I'oiiit ^.  r,,,  w.  iii  miles. 

WiNiiTiiiiiiiHt  |iaii  1)1' Duxliiiiy  liirl,  .">  tiilliiiins \.  l.'i  \V.  1!,  milrs. 

lailiif  Diixliiuv  Kr.l,  in  .1  (allu)iiiH N,  n  \V,  \\  iiiilrs. 

I'liiiit  Itimi'ta  l.iglit-liuUMO S.  t"J  ^  K.  ~l  niiti's. 


.   t  ' 


■'..■   il„ 


I  I 


yi  m 


•  It 


i    .:| 


i 


II 


20{; 


rACII'IC    COAST    I'lI.OTS. 


SAN  FRANCISCO  BAR  AND  CHANNELS. 


The  1);ir  oil' tlic  ciitrnnfc  lo  tin'  r.:iy  of  S;ui  Kriiiicisco  lias  a  ffcncial  (h'litli  offivp  and  a  qiiarii 
rallmiiis,  ami  iaii;;cs  iVoiii  tlucc  and  tliicc  iiiiarlcis  ttn'i^ilit  and  tliifi'<|uarlris  ratlioins.     Its  turm 


it  ol'  fiicalcsl  cnnx t'xit.v  l,\ injj  live  and  tliicc  i|iiart('is  mill's  v 
S  )  fiiini  I'oint  Lolios.     llt'ckontMl  wiiliin  tiio  six  tati 


S.  ! 


tliat  of  a  IniisfsliiM'  with  tlic 
liy  sDiitli  one  (inai'ltT  sontli  (W.  Ii.v 
fiirvcs,  tilt'  sdiillicni  end  ol'  tlic  liar  sprinus  iVoiii  tin'  low  sontli  shore  aliont  IliU'c  and  one  qnaiin 
mill's  soiilli  soiiilicastu.inl  of  tin'  Seal  Hocks  olV  Point  I, olios,  wlicic  the  urcat  sand  dnncs  nu'r;:c 
nto  the  iiorihein  end  of  the  while  clilV  sliore;  ihcii  curves  two  miles  west  >ontli\vcst  (\V.  SW.)  to 
its  soiillicriiiiiol  liiiiil,  whence  it  contiimes  to  a  point  two  and  a  half  miles  west  of  I'oint  l!oiiei.i 
Liyht  ;  there  it  shoals  fioin  livo  and  Ihiee  tpiai  ters  to  foni'  and  thiecipiai  teis  and  three  and  thivc 
(]tiaiters.  forming'  here  the  Four  latlioni  l>ank.  Tlii'  noithern  and  eastern  end  of  the  nai  isdirecllv 
abreast  the  onter  dill's  of  Point  Pxnieta,  and  this  is  also  the  eastern  end  of  the  I'oiirfathoin  ItaiiK. 
At  the  southern  pail.  the  liar  is  aliont  one  and  oiu'iinaiter  miles  across,  and  li\e  and  two  thiiiK 
d  over  it  tor  twn  and  three  tpiarters  miles  from  the  shore.     At   its  vveslcm 


fall 


loins  can  lie  caiiici 


limit  it  is  o:ilv  one  lifih  <if  a  mile  across  where  it  has  a  depth  of  live  and  three  (piarters  fatlic 


whilst  west  soil  til  uc.-i  f  W'SW.)  from  Point  lionet  a  it  is  one  and  one  third  miles  aero: 


dsl 


ioal>  t. 


iree  and  ihicc  i|iiaitei.- 


1 1  horns.     This  latter  part  const  iliiles  as  already  stated  the  "  Four- fall 
ir  1 


111 

Pai 

however,  it  is  cro>M'd  .Nalely  liy  all  the  smaller  xcssels  and  sleaiiieis  from  or  to  the  iioitliwesl. 

IJeckoiied  within  the  si\  fallioin  line  the  liar  docs  not  touch  either  shore  liecaiise  fall  s 
fathoms  can  lie  carried  across  the  southern  jiart  one  nnle  oil'  the  lieach  abreast  the  "  Oee.iii  Sji 
lions 
and  detailed  oxaniinati 


upon  which  the  re;;iilar  heavy  northwest  swell  freipicnily  breaUs.     In  ordini'ry  weatlii 


and  eis'ht  and  three  (piarters  fathoms  thronjih   the    Poneta   Channel.     The  very  inimiic 

e\  s  (if 


if  IST.'J  sliowi'd  that  the  bar  was  essentiallv  the  same  as  the  snr\ 


;lit 


ecu  \ears  eailicr  iiidica 


led. 


IIS  late  survey  developed  several  spot 


the  bar  lia\iii"  h 


than  the  :i>erayi'  depth  of  water  usually  assigned  lo  it  ;  but  these  shoal  spots  may  have  i'\i>li 
at  the  time  of  the  earlier  survey.  A  tentative  i'e-e\ami!iation  was  made  (in  the  bar  in  ISSI  uh, 
sixteen  lines  were  run  over  the  bar  and  two  lines  alonjj  the  crest,  The  results  contirm  the  ]■! 
vioiis  siirvevs  and  indicate  no  shoaliii';-. 


The  spots  developed  in  the  survey  of  1S7.'{  urn  as  follows  ; 


I.  A  small  Niicit  Iiaviii;;  t»<'iitv-iiiiii' 


fi'i't  < 


il.r  1 


ICN  (Ml    tilt'   <H 


(•- 


\V.).  six  liiiirs  I'ldiii  I'liiiil  lldiii'ia  I,i);lil-lii 


iiilir  0(lni<  (if  tlic  liar  hoiiiIi  cijjlit  flccit 


disiaiit  I'liiir  anil  llirccl<iilln  iiiilc^  fioiii  llic  .'<i-.il  limK' 


anil  Miiilli    iHc'iityscvrii  (In-ni'ti  «(r(t(S.'J7     \\ 


1.1 


nil  llilrtv  fi' 


lii'sl'niii  III 


iliiil  anil   rmly-lliiii'  yanUursI   '.lalf  iinrtli  ( W.  J  N.  .  fi III..  lorimr.      liiillinn  liin'  Mark  anil 

saiiil  ami  iiijra. 
II.  A  small,  single  spiil,  IiaviiiK  lliirty  IVit  uiinii  it,  lii-s  nn  tin'  Iimlillr  nl'  tlir  li:ir  Ninilli  Hi'Vi'iiti'cii  ilix'ii  ••" 
(S.  IT     \V.),  dislanl,  live  ami   Iwo-iliinls  nulis  rinni  rmnl   Unncta  l.i^;lil-liinisr.     'I'ln'ii'  is  a  il.;'" 


lliiily-lliiiT  I'lil  all  around  il. 


111.  A  .-(iiiit  with  tlnilv  Ir 


'I  iipiiii  il  111 


111  till'  (111 


trrcil^'i'  III'  till'  liiii  sunt li  t\vi'iily-t\Mi  i1i';;iitn 


wrst  ;S. 


six  iiiili-<  fnnn  I'miii  llniirta  Liulit-liniisi'.  ami  .smilli  Imty  tliici'  drgriTs  wthI  i  S.  Ill     \V.}, 
triitln  mill  s  niim  till'  Si;\\  RniKs.     Olliir  siiiits  Willi    t  wi'iityiiinc  and  tlilMy  (ret  extend  liitll 


lloM  st  liy  Hist  (NW.  liy  W.i  I'riiin  tlii"  aim 

ri(l;;i'  is  iiiaiUcd  liy  tlm  "Smitli  Slmal  liiiny." 

IV.  .\  s|iiit  with  tliiity  I'l'it  liisiiii  II idiUi.  Ill'  tin-  ti 

I  "11  iliii'ils  mill's  IVimi  I'.iint   liiinii.i  Liylil-liiiiiso 


til 


iiiitir  1  ilyc  111'  till'  liar.     Tlir  Muntliwcst  snli' 


iir  wnitli  tliiity-tlin-i' di'yici's  wr.st  i.s.  ;!:i  ■  \V.),  li 


Otlirr  sjiiits  w  illi  s.'i 


11'  til  till'  niirti 


il.'Iitli 


d  til 


iiarrnw  ridfjc  lil'ty  yanl.s  widi'.  stntili   lor  a  (iiiarlcr  el'  a  mi 

i  \V.  I,  ami  iiaialli'l  with  tin'  diitii-  <'(l;;i>  ol'  tlic  liar.     Its  imrtln  rii  limit  is  almiit  half 


niinn  |iar:  .1'  ;i 


iwcsl  (iiii'-Miiaiti'i' w't-si    N'.V 


[I  mil 


V  Hoin     '  .III 


•  f  till 


.iiiuc  111'  Alcatiaz  and  I'lirt  I'dinl  l,i);lits. 


V.   A  |i.ili  h  with  twenty. iiiiii-  niid  tliiily  I'lri  nf  w.ilcr  lies  mi   the    mnlilli'  nt'  the  liar,  which  is  here  h 


half  a  mill'  arinss,  mirllnvard  iif  the  main  .ship-i  liaiinel  and  nil'  the  westerii    tail 
Itaiik.      Ik  siiiillieni    |iiiiiit    is  smith    lil'ty-cij;lit    decrees  west    (S. 


I  In  I -I 
\V.  I  livii  miles  fiinii   i'l 


Il  [■' 


I-iHhl-lmiis.'.  and  s.iiith  ei;;lity -Iwo  decrees  west  iS.  i-.'    W. )  live  and  a  liall'  miles  I'rimi  the  Seal    !,■  ■  l>- 
Il  ('Mem Is  til  Ih.'  mirlliwaid  I'lir  (iiie  i|iiarter  ot  a  mile  I'mm  this  iinint. 

With  these  exceptions  the  bar  may  liecros.sed  from  near  the  son!  hein  sliore  round  to  the  wc-;  mi 


tail  of  the  I'oiii  fathom  Pank  in  tliirtv  two  to  tliiit 


y  six  feet  of  water;  iir  within  the  are  Iron 


niiieteeii  de-ices  east  to  south  sixty  three  decrees  west  (.S.  l!t^  J'!,  to  S,  (i.'P  W.)  reckon 
Point  Poiieta  I,i-ht. 

To  avoid  all  the  (ivi! Catlioin  patches  south  of  the  main  shipeliaiiiiel  the  followiiifj  raii-i 
;iv('ii  as  iiu.lmliii;^  them:  The  .Miiiiherii  limit,  li'oiind  Top  on  with   I.oiie  Mountain,  or  siill  in 


Outer  Heal  ilodi  oil  I'oint  Lobos 


nil 


;ici'. 


on  with   the  highest   peak  of  Anyel    IsRiiidj  and  the  iioiilicni 


limit,  north  end  of 
>>i  II'  iiotliin:r  to  the 
i'l'ii  Point  and  .Mi 

The  spot  niiinl 
till  ic  are  no  ran;i'cs 
w.iiir  over  the  mail 
cull'  sc  can  happen  ( 

The  outer  C(l;,'e 
I'f  li'df  a  mile,  and 
iiiiiiases  \'er,v  slow! 
toiii  IS  harder  than  i 


This  i.s  the  nor 
wcsi  siiiithue.st  (  WkS 
iiidic  than  three  and 
liiMips  having'  from  f 
iiiMtli  and  .south  is  tl 
flic  inside  the  depth 
Ic.-s  ilian  h.ilf  a  mile. 
I  riiii  .iinl  one  on  its  w 
Flam  isco  Hay. 

i  lie  swell  on  thi- 
I'f  ilic  shoalest  part, 
i.iiliiiiiis  lor  one  mile, 
I  "c. lily   this  baiil 
liii'i  ili'il  the  small  .se 
'lirk  lii.id  of  potatoes 
'ii,'il  near  the  westei 
i*li!;li'  risk  of  losiii 
\lilioii;;h  the  b 
ii:ii,\i-t  there  are  (■( 
i'"ii''ii!.ii  direciioiis 
I  in-  .l/i(//i  Ship  ( 
ili.isileep  water,  is 
I'.iil  llille.s  wide,  iiiirti 
I  '!i',;n'cs  east  to  norti 
I  tliiiiyiwo  feet  can  I 
■!|'-Imi  is  less  th.iii  I 
'•i^"ii!lieastnales  tl 
"■^''ipl  Ilie  P.oiieta  ( 
Till'  whi.silirigl 
[  '"ill"'  mitsideof  this 

i'"'Vc  i|r,('|  jl„,,|_        |V^ 

T'l'  ■^■■ntl,  Clmni, 
■''■•'*  lull  a  liiileotf  Ih 
iiiilwMlthin  which  m 
^I'foi'.^liitwith  Point 
nllt  this  ee'ir.se  iyjn^r 
'""■■it  IS  lietler  to  In 
'" ""•"'■-!,  and  cross 

fl"''"*".'!!    lulls   ill    p;,,-: 

""'I'llHior-.sceiid  i„ 

""■I'.n  ,s  very  rouoh, 
''^'ilfli'  i.s  s.iiiie  (liiiiiT, 

'"I""!''.'!!  awavbef, 


PACIFIC   COAST   I'lLOT. 


207 


limit,  iioilli  t'liil  of  Ali'atniz  Ixliuitl  on  with  Fort  Point.  At  ni;,'lit  hiin^'  Point  rJoiictiv  lAnht  to 
iii;ii  iiotliini;  to  tlu'  cast  wind  of  north  half  w«'.st  (N.  i  W.)  for  tlio  soutliorn  limit,  and  tiie  ranyc  of 
I'd  I  i'oiiit  and  Alcalra/,  Ia;;hls  for  thf  nintin'm  hniit. 

Tlic  spot  niiinbcitMl  \'  should  In-  fspcfially  avoidi'tl  by  di'cp  vcssi'ls  in  heavy  wcatln'r.  As 
III.  11'  arc  no  ran;;c.->  for  inarkin^r  it)  vessels  arc  ii|»t  to  ^ft  too  close  to  it  when  running,'  for  the,  best 
w.iirr  o\cr  the  main  ship  channel.  Pilots  report  that  it  has  been  touched  sevi'rai  times.  This  of 
iiiii:-c  can  happen  only  when  there  is  a  lar;;c  swell  at  dead  low  water. 

i'lic  outer  eil;;c  of  the  bar  falls  oil' <piite  rapidly  from  six  to  ten  fathoms  in  an  avera;,'(>  distance 
(.1  ii.ilf  a  mile,  and  the  bottom  at  that  ilepth  is  softer  than  on  the  bar.  Inside  the  bar  the  depth 
nil  II  iscs  vi'ry  slowly  ami  regularly  to  ten  fathoms  in  a  distanco  of  about  threo  miles,  and  the  bot- 
tom IS  harder  than  in  the  8amu  depth  outside. 

THE  FOUR  FATHOM  HANK. 

riiis  i.s  the  northernmost  part  of  the  bar,  and  its  eastern  end  Iie.H  ono  ami  one  <pnirte.r  miles 
wi'st  Miiith west  (\VS\V.)  from  Point  liom-ta  Li^dit.  Thence  it  stretches  to  a  distance  of  a  little 
iiiiiic  than  three  and  a  half  mile-:  to  the  west  by  south  (\V.  by  H.)  from  Point  llom'ta  in  irrcfjular 
liniips  lia\  inj;  fiom  twenty  three  to  twent\  seven  feet  of  water  upon  it.  Its  ;;rcatcst  distance  ac-ross 
iiKitli  and  south  is  three  ipiartcrs  of  a  mile,  about  two  ami  a  half  miles  from  Point  Itoneta.  On 
tiif  i:l^ilde  tlie  depth  increases  (gradually  and  slowly  ;  oii  the  outside  it  deepens  to  ci},'ht  fathoms  in 
li'S.silian  half  a  mile.  To  mark  this  bank,  two  bmiys  hav*;  been  placed  upon  it,  one  on  its  eastern 
liiiil.iihl  one  on  its  western  end,  as  described  under  the  hea<l  of  IJuoys  oil  the  Kntranco  to  Han 
Fr.iiii  i>co  I'.ay. 

Till'  swell  on  this  bank  from  westerly  weather  is  the  heaviest  towards  the  eastci'n  extremity 
I'f  till'  shoalest  part,  althou;;h  the  dei>th  of  water  is  nearly  uniform  at  three  and  threc-ipi.irtcrs 
l.iiiiniiis  Ibi'  on<>  mile, 

I. Ill, lily  this  bank  is  kmiwn  as  tho  "Potatoe  Patch,"  which  name  is  said  to  oiiijinate  from  the 
I'lii'l  lli.il  the  small  schooners  comini;  t'roni  Itode^a  and  llallenas  li.iys  I'reipieni  l,\  lust  |>arl  of  their 
link  lii.iil  of  poiiiioes  \\  liilc  crossing;  it.  \\'«!  have  frc(pu'ntl\  watched  the  lumber  schooners  cross- 
.11.' it  near  tlie  western  tail  when  it  was  breaking  batlly.  The  deck-load  bein;;  well  secured,  there 
i>liiilf  risk  of  hoin;;'  it. 

All  lioii;;h  the  b;ii  may  be  <'rossed  with  aiisolut(^  safety  at  an\  place  diirin;:  iiinctcnths  of  the 
.viiii,>rt  then'  aiecertaiu  deei>er  places  across  it  which  have  received  special  n.imcs,  and  for  which 
iMiliiiilar  dirc(-tions  are  j;iveu. 

Till'  Main  Ship  Chtiiuiel  is  used  i)y  all  vessels  from  the  westward  and  northwest  ward,  because 

;tlia.siliep  walei,  is  the  most  direct,  and  has  the  shortest  distance  across.     It  is  over  one  and  a 

j  Imli  miles  wide,  northwest  and  soutiu'asl,  when  Point  llom'ta  lii;;iit  liears  from  north  thirtyei;;hl 

dt'ijri'is  east  to  north  lifty  six  de;irees  east  (N.  IVS^  i;.  to  N,  ."itP  ]■;.);  and  a  deptli  of  not  less  than 

thiit)  two  leet  can  be  carrieil  o\  er  it.     Mat   the  best  water  is  liiiity  lour  to  thiil,\-li\t'  feet,  when? 

I'lifli.ii  IS  less  than  live  hundred  .vards  across,  and  where  the  course  for  crossiii;,'  is  with  the  swell. 

Ill  soul heasl  (;ak's  the  bar  begins  to  break  there  later,  and  breaks  less  than  over  the  other  parts, 

I  niijit  tlie  P.oiieta  Channel. 

Till' whivllin;;  buoy  lies  in  (ifteen  fathoms  on  the  line  of  Fort  Pi>iiit  ami  Alcatraz  Lights,  twii 
I  null's  iHitsidi- of  this  part  of  the  bar,  but  near  the  Houthern  limit  of  the  Main  Ship  <Tiaiiucl,  as 
iliiivfili'seiilied.     (See  Sailiii;,'  Directions  and  I  Je.scription  of  IJiioys.) 

Till  Sinilh  Vliannii  is  parallel  with  the  low,  sandy  shore  south  of  Point  l.obos.  Its  inner  edge 
'■>  li.ill  a  mile  olV  the  beueh  alu'cast  the  Ocean  Side  House,  ami  it  has  a  wiilth  of  one  and  a  half 
ii'ili'<"illini  which  not  less  than  thirty  four  feet  can  be  carried;  and  thirty-six  feet  can  be  earned 
iliioi'.^l,  It  with  Point  lh)netii  Light  house  bearing  north  by  west  one  ([iiarter  wot  (N.  by  \V.  \  W .). 
I'lit  tliisci 'irsc  Isiiig  only  one  mile  from  the  beach,  and  one  thinl  of  a  mile  outside  tlie  live  fadiom 
"III',  it  i>  l.i'tier  to  liiiiig  Point  Poiieta  Mght  house  to  bear  north  half  west  (N.  K  W.i  and  nithing 
t'Mlii'  ue>i,  and  cn)ss  the  bar  in  thirty-fimr  Icetof  water  for  a  distance  of  three  cpiaiti'isof  a  mile. 
llii'swi'll  lulls  ill  |iaralh'l  with  the  shore  and  .sometimes  ipiite  heavily;  neveitlieless  a  vessel  does 
iiiitpitili  or'.sceiid  in  a  heavy  swell  as  she  would  in  crossing  by  the  Main  Ship  (Miannel.  P.iit  if 
llii'liiii  IS  very  n)ii;;h,  almost  breaking,  it  is  not  prudent  to  cross  it  tlinmgh  the  South  Channel, 
''^'lii'iv  is  Mime  dangei' of  bniaching  to  in  the  heavy  swell,  or  being  crovvdi'd  on  shore  in  attempt- 
"V' III  Klip  away  belbre  the  heavier  rollers.     .Vt  such  times  .sailing  ve.s.sels  should  cross  by  the 


■^ 


i^l   > 


'  \  m§ 

■"  ■'    1: 

i< 

■i.  \'     *" 

k 

1 

hi  1 

1     '  ■■'■ 

.'■  •■  i;i:T. 

M 


i  I ' 
; ! 


2118 


i'acikk;  coast  rii.or. 


■fii 


m 


>m 


Main  Ship  CIimimh'I  ami  stfamcrs  inav  t'lilcr  1>,\  tlif   ISoiit'ta  ('liannt'l.     Tlicro  \h  ho  buoy  tn  mail, 
tliis  Siiiilli  Cliaiiiit'l   iKMi'fi'  tliaii  llicSoiilli  Slioal   lliioy. 


(Set'  Sailiri};  Dirccliiitis  for  iMitiTirij;  li 
tills  cliaiiiii'l.i 

'riic  l>i>  i)tii  i'hiniirl  lies  dost'  iiiiiltM'  tlic  rocky  I'iitl's  iioitliwt'st  of  I'oiiil  r>oiu'ta  I.i;,'lit  lioii-. , 
anil  liclrtccn  llii'in  ami  tin-  fastcrn  t-Mri'miiy  of  llif  l''oiir  tallioin  l.aiik.  rn'twccn  Hit'  MsCatlicin 
lint's  oil  fai'li  siilf  of  Ilif  widtli  of  Hit'  flianiif!,  is  oiif  tliinl  of  a  niilf,  ami  t'i;^lit  ami  tliit't'-i|iiarti  i  > 
fallioiiis  (Mil  ill'  L-ariii'tl  llii'ou;;li  it  on  a  siiij;li'iliii'ct  foiiist'  fioviTiifil  liy  a  fort'  anil  iiy  a  liark  lan.. . 
Slt'aiii'is  aiMinaiiili'il  with  Ilif  t'oast  iisi^  it  vitn  fii'i|iit'nlly  in  roii>;li  wratlit-r,  fiili'iinn  ami  li-av  mil  ; 
aail  till'  lliili.sli  iioii  flail  /"f/ nfv,  iliMwinj;  t«iMii.\  si\  It't't  of  wattT  ami  ilrt'ailiii;:'  'In-  Mam  SL  |, 
Cliamifl,  ii>iil  it  st'vi'ial  tiiiu's  lioili  \\a.ss  from  our  iliit'ftioiis.  .Soim>  of  tlif  Nt.aiiislii|(  fa|il,i;i-, 
niiiiiiii;,'  to  till'  iioriliuaitl  fiom  San  Fiaiifisi'o  ;;o  out  t lining li  tlif  iJoiit'ta  riiamit'l,  «'v«'ii  iii  a  \i  m 
tliitk  I'll;:.  'I'lii'v  l>i'fi>  t'losii  iimliT  Point  I'loiii'ta  ami  art'  ;;iiiilt'il  l>y  tlif  fo^i-wliistif  on  it  for  tin  ,i 
liosiiiiiii.  Ily  liniiii;  so  t'ify  not  only  ^'aiii  in  tiiiif.  as  tiiis  is  tlif  most  tlircct  clianiifl  \vln«ii  ImhiikI 
to  tlif  mutliwartl,  lint  tlify  also  Ifssfn  tlif  fliant'f.s  of  foilision  with  tlif  nniiifrous  sailing  \f>s,  U 
otl"  the  flit raiiff.  whifh  rart'ly  nsf  this  fhaniifl. 

Tlif  Hoiifta Clni'iiifl  may  (liiuhtlfss  lit'  iisfti  to  ^Tfut  ailvaiita^rf  liy  sailing;  Vfssf  Is  fiilfriii^' t!ir 
liailiiii'  luiilfr  ton  wiii'ii  a  stroii;;  f  iil)  fiirit'iit  is  in  nil  in;:,  as  it  lias  liffii  ton  ml  in  a  partial  f  sami 
na;  imi  thai  tlifif  is  an  filily  fiirrf  iit  sfttiii;,'  in  tlii'on.uli  thi>  iiarrowf  st  jiart  of  this  flianiif  1  \\  Iumi  i  lie 
fiirifiit  is  riinniii;;  out   tliroii;;h  Ihf  (iolilfii  (ialf  ami  ovfr  llif  liar.     This  ailviff  will  fspfria,,\ 
ai>ply  wiifii  tlifif  art'  frcshfls  in  tlii-  rivers  finplyiu.L;'  into  San  I'raiifisfo  Uay. 

Ill  a  ffitain  sfiisf  it  oii^lit  to  In-  tlif  inoit'  popular  fhaniifl.  as  tlif  ran;;t's  for  oiitfriii;:  ii  .nc 
very  fniispifuons  anil  not  so  far  tlistant  as  for  tin*  otlifi'  fhaiiiifls.  N'fs.sels  arf  apt  to  kt-fp  tmi 
far  ovfr  towartis  tlif  tail  of  tiin  Four  fathom  liaiik,  as  tlif  flill's  look  vt'ry  lU'ar  anil  forliiiltliii^'  nin  n 
a  Vfssi'l  is  on  tlif  ian:,'f;  lint  wlifii  tlif  ran^jf  is  closely  followftl  tlicrt'  is  no  daiiiifr. 

Ill  lllll•thw•■^t  Wfatlifi.  tlif  apprtiat'lifs  to  this  fhaniifl  fiom  thf  iioitliwaril  arc  sinootii  rvni 
if  till'  I'oiir  failiiiai  I'.aiik  is  lut-akiii;;  consiilfialily.  Tlircf  hiioys  now  mark  tlif  Itoiifia  ClianiM  I. 
(Sff  Saiiiiiy  ninrtions  for  vcssfls  comiiijir  from  the  iiort Invest wartl ;  aiitl  also  the  I)fSfiiptioiis  ni 
i:iio><.) 

This  tlianiiil  is  lorally  known  as  thf  North  Chaniifl. 

Thf  (/./;///  i;/'  iciitir  till  the  hit  I-  is  ;;i\-fii  for  the  ilatiiiii  plane  of  the  V .  S.  Coast  ami  (ifoilftic  S  ii 
vcy,  which  is  thf  a\fia;;f  of  tiie  lowfr  low  watfrs  of  taih  ilay  :  lint  tin-  pefiiliaritifs  of  thf  lii:i  > 
tin  this  ciia>t  soiiifiiiiif  tif vclop  a  miifh  lowfr  tidf  than  this  avfraj;i'.  During'  eafli  iiioniii  liir 
lowfr  low  walcr  iiia\  fall  iifarly  one  foot  lifliiw  the  ilatiim  plaiif  of  the  Coast  SiirvfS  ;  aiiil  m 
fxtii'iiif  t-iMS.  oiiif  or  twiff  ayt'ar,  may  fall  marly  thit'ts  left  lifhiw  this  plant'.  'I'liis  is  a  \'<\ 
imiHirtaiil  iiiii>iilfi.itiiiii  in  Vf>sfls  of  tleeii  draii^'ht,  with  a  lar^if  swell  on  thf  liar. 

Till' Tide  T, lilies  piihlisjiid  one  year  in  aihanef.  with  thf  normal  tiiiifs  and  lit'i;;lits  of  iviiy 
tide  of  tile  \fai,  yi\f   siil'iiiieiit    iiiforinatitiii  to  the  iiavi;;ator   to   advise  him  of  the  tlejitli  of  '\w 


watf r  on  ihe  liar  it   In 


\\<  no  pilot. 


\i>  ilunuir  III'  Inn-. — Tlie  tuo  Kurvf.vs  of  the  bar  by  thf  C  H.  Coast  ami  (ieoilt'tif  Siii 
althoiii:!!  t'i;,'liteeii  ytMis  apart  (ls,")."i-lS7'5),  exhiliit  mi  iiiaikftl  chaii^'fs  in  the  lofation  am! 
liiifs  of  thf  li.irorthe  tlfplli  of  w.iier  iipmi  ii  ;  and  the  If  illative  examination  of  ISSi  fiill_\ 
taili>  llif  iii'e^^iity  of  the  liar  and  ils  appiiiaiiies.  I'.nl  it  is  not  improlialile  that  local  tlia 
nia\  at  times  taNe  place,  and  tlie  ;;eiieiai  features  be  rfcoviied  aftfr  the  alimirinal  eaiises  ci 
Tl 
tcr.     Allhiiimh  tl 


If  exi>tfiiii'  of  live  ^llflls  ill  many  iialehes  on  the  bar.  hnwever,  iiulieales  its  jiersisteiit  cli. 
Hie  appears  to  he    a    .sli>;ht    increase  of  the   tleptli  tit'  water  on  the  iMiurl'al 


liaiik.  yet  tlie  mimili' character  ot  the  list  siii  vcy,  ami  the  tixed  datum  plane  from  the  perma'  m 
tiilf-,uaiiy;i',  may  have  eoiispiivd  to  ;.'ive  an  appa  rciitly  slightly  ;;rcater  avera,ne  tieplli  of  \\  'i 
than  at  liie  tiisi  survey.  This  miiiii  tcm-ss  of  sni  vfy  has  dcvclopcti  NfVfial  small  spots  on  liC 
naiiiiw  eie-t  line  of  the  liar  w  licie  there  is  a  qiiaricr  nl'  a  fallmm  less  water  than  uas  sn]ip'  ■ '•• 
Tlioe  have  already  been  dfscrihcd.  This  <■  xaminal  ion  has  also  iiairowtil  tin-  bifailth  ei  '  ■'• 
bar  within  the  six  fathoiii  enrves  sonthwaitl  of  thf  I'our  fatlinin  I'.aiik. 

?'/((  /(ii/^iw  <;/' /Ac /)-()■  is  formed  of  line  j;ray  ami  black  sand.     Trom  the  western  end  of  I'n' 
'""'111  fi"l 1  I'-aiik  for  four  or  live  miles  alonu  the  bar  In  the  southward  ami  eastward,  and  o'l  in 


outer  eduf  of  il  lu  ei^dit  fathoms  of  water,  ihf  lead  will  fr 


Hal 


iint'iitiy  briiiH:  up  Iiviiiji  piece; 


ll  ''!' 


Oil  I  side  the  lint'  of  six  fallioins,  and  on  the  I'oiir  fathom  I  lank,  tlie  11  m 


and  lilacU  sand  is  mixed  with  line  sjiecUs  of  mica,  and  iiccasioiial!y  with  miul  in  six  to  ten  fall 


I'  -ilif  the  bai 
i:    iddilioii  to 

Im-.-.' 

In  .liine,  1 
»  i  11  piece.s  III 
\l  II  ShijiChi 
'111  -hole  on  ,1 
li.iiil  il  liloil^'h 
[HV,  lollsly  foil 
III  .1.  \  swell,  It 
I'll.lMI'Icl  of  II 
li.lhl.T. 

ill  lss|  a 

'      ■    ' of  th 

I  I  "■.iteliin 

M'i'ii  luiiail  si  re 

:1m!  I'le  liiinmi 

I II  .ipplnae 

imliii  d  al  til 

<liii«  ^  \  el  \  plai 
Mill'  III'  iiiml  eiil 
-IN  II  V,  ,ikc.  At 
I'll'*'  'II  il  and 
M,i'  iiMi  dj'  a  |{, 
■"■''•  -Hie  Ileal] 
II  I'll  I, CI  ease  is 
C'liiparisoii 
'■III  ii'il    fairly  I 

il'i'liiey,   1S1.'7  111 
•<l  lllr  c\actll(>N.S 

"iil\  Iniii  and  a 

'•^ilili  <  h.iniiel; 

It  !•*  imt  siillieici 

*"lllll|illi,'S. 


'  Luliiiia  iatliiiiii?i-cxi.i'iitrit;tis. 


y 


PACiriC    COAST    1'II.OT. 


2t)'J 


h  M<lt'  tlicltiirani  no  iiiifii  Hiircks  iind  im  iiuliciitions  Mrcchiinis,  liiil  tli(>  Icixl  fr('(|ii('nlt.v  l)rinpsiii>, 
,;■  nlililioii  to  llic  ^'I'liv  anil  Ithkck  saiiil,  lirokcii  ami  li  V(^  slu'lis  about  the.  Ni/(M)ra  licaii  half  an  iiKtli 

In-,,'.' 

Ill  .Iiiiir,  1H7  I,  a  lr\v  (Ir(>(l;:iti;jx  were  mailc  on  tlif  har  to  verity  llu'  survey  of  llie  previous  year, 

II  iiii't'i's  of  li\  in;;  iM'liniii'4  were  a;;ain  liroip^'lit  up  fr<Mu  the  hot  tout  of  the  liar  north  waiil  of  tlio 

\l    II  Siiii)  ("iiannel.     In  two  posiiions,  a  iiiih-  apail,  the  vessel  was  moved  across  llie  Imr  towards 

ii,     hiiie  on  a  line  at  ri^'lil  angles  to  llie  liar,  and  the  dredjje  was  hauled  in  at  iiilei  vals;  at  every 

hi!  It  luou^iht  up  several  specimens,  livinji  and  of  dilTerent  siz»*s,  luit  all  of  the  same  HpeeieH  as 

,,i,  i>|\  I'liund.     One  dredi,'iiiy;  was  iiiaile  on  the  western  end  of  the   Four  I'lithnui  liaiik   in  a 

I,.  I ,  \  swell,  liiit  iiotliin;;  found.     Outside  the  six  fathoms,  and  especially  alioul  ten  falhonis,  the 
r!iii  iiier  of  the  liotloiii  is  softer  than  on  the  liar  itself;  and  inside  of  si\  fathoms  the  liottoni  is 

;    ll'irl'. 

Ill  issi  a  tentative  examination,  carryin;;  lines  across  the  liar  in   niaii,\  places,  vcrilied   the, 
I  \i.'   iH'c  of  the  shells  aliove  mentioned  and  the  character  of  the  liottoni. 

li  watching'  the  liar  from  I'oint  liolios  diirint;  the  incomint;  lar^e  tlood  we  have  occasionally 
■.,:'.  imad  stretches  i if  discolored]  water  a  mile  Ion;;  in  the  direction  of  the  ISouth  Shoal,  indicating 
I,.,;  >'ir  Imtloin  h.ld  licen  ilistiiilied  liy  the  heavy  swell. 

Ill  .ip]iioachin;c  the  liar  of  .San  l'"r,iiieiseo  a  peculiar  feature  in  the  cnhu  of  the  water  has  been 
i..!h ,  ,1  at  times.  Some  miles  outside  the  b.ir  is  an  iimlerlyiii}?  stratum  of  daik  brown  water,  which 
-!iii\\  >  \ei\  plainl.N  ill  the  wake  of  a  ilce|isea  \essel,  which  will  displace  the  top  slialiiin  of  liy;iit- 
'liii'  III'  mud  ciiloii'd  water.  .\l  the  same  time  a  pi  lot  boat,  draw  in;,'  only  nine  t'eci,  umild  make  no 
-iih'A.iUc.  At  other  times  this  dark  brow  ii  water  reaches  the  surface,  and  the  iKPiiiidaiy  liii« 
lii'tuiiii  it  and  the  onlinaiily  colored  water  is  tpiite  distinctly  marked,  havin;:  a  mi>\ement  in  it 
like  that  of  a  tide  lip.  Thi'  pilots  report  that  they  sometimes  Iind  this  dark  brnun  water  as  far 
II  ;l^  -ihe  Heads."  Ill  I.S."»7  we  found  the  water  of  Tonuiles  IJay  a  dark  li\er  coNu;  but  the  cause 
i  I  cither  ca.M'  is  unkiiow  n. 

CiMiipaiisons  in  depth  of  water,  etc.,  on  th^^  bar  with  the  exaiuinations  made  ]ire\ious  to  1S,"),'> 
rill  iimI  fairly  be  insiiiiiied  to  delermine  the  condition  of  it  in  the  times  of  X'ancoiiver,  ITH.'J; 
KiiiliiN,  lS-~  and  is;'i',l,  and  l!in.i;;;old  in  lS,"il),  because  we  <lo  not  know  their  |ilaiies  of  reference, 
■I  ilir  (Aaclness  of  tlii'ir  work.  \'aiicouver  ci'ossed  over  the  Foiirtathi>m  Uaiik.  l!eielie\  reports 
■iiilv  liiiir  and  a  half  fathoms  where  he  crossed,  presumably  over  the  southern  edm' ot'  the  Main 
Siiip  I  haiiiiel;  and  his  vessel  slirieil  up  the  sand  on  the  bar.  His  survey  indicates  iiiuic  water,  lint, 
;  IS  :iiit  sullicieiitly  detailed  for  comparison,  Hi  ng;,'old  has  no  fractions  of  t'allioms  and  very  few 
-'iiliniilius. 

BUOYS  OI-l-  THE  ENTRANCE  TO  SAN  FRANCISCO  DAY 

I  iir  liiKiys  (iiT  the  entrance  to  San  l'"raiicisco  IJay  are  of  two  kinds;  leadiui,'  in,  or  mid channtd 
iiHu\ -,  cif  w  hicli  theiearc  two;  and  buoys  markin;;  shoals,  rocks,  oi- daii;;eis.  Of  (he  laller  cla.s.s 
iliiTc  ;ie  lliri'c  on  Ihe  bai'  |inipei,  two  in  the  ajiproaelies  to  it,  inai'kinn'  No  nidas  b'ock  and  Dux 
!iiii\  Keel,  and  one  inside  the  Heads  markin;;  the  led;;e  oil'  Fort  I'oiiit.  The  Noonday  llock  and 
iiii\liii;\  1,'ref  liiiiiys  have  been  described  under  the  head  of  l>an;;eis  in  the  Approaches  to  the 
I'lK.  ,iiii|  llie  I'dit  I'diiit  l,ed;;i'  I'.iioy  under  the  head  of  I)an;;crs  iii  tlii'  (Joldeu  date. 

/''i(  Aiiliiiiiiilir  Wliistliiiii  lliKiji  niilsiilc  tlif  liar. — This  buoy  li.is  hliu-lc  <inil  irliil,  pi  rjn  ndieuUn' 
i(ii;)i  V,  ,iiid  IS  placed  in  lit'leen  and  three  ipiaiters  fathoms  of  water  atexti'Mue  low  tides,  ovei 
Miiily  biiliiiiii,  neai' the  siiiithern  ed;;e  of  the  .Main  Ship(!hannel  o\irtlie  i)ai  :if  San  I'^raiiciseo 
niiliuii\  be  [lassid  eldse  1(1  (HI  either  hand.  The  whistle  is  sounded  by  the  aclinii  of  the  waves 
Hill  1^1  \c--  rmm  twenty  to  thirty  continuous' bla.sts  in  a  minute.  In  an  ordinary  siini'ith  sea  the 
siiiiid  (Mil  lie  heard  at  a  distance  of  a  mile,  w  hieh  should  be  paitienlarly  Ixiriie  in  mind  if  a  ijiick 
I".:  iHi  .  iiU  miller  such  ciiciiiiistanees ;   in   .i   heavy  swell  it  can  be  heard  when  a  xcssid  is  six  or 

s'\iii  hiilcs  Id  leeward,  and   it   li.is  I ii   pl.unly   heaid  one  mile  dircc'I.N  lowindwan.  of  it.     Ii< 

iiriliiiiiM  weather  the  lioneta  Imi;;  whistle  can  be  disiinctly  heard  at  the  buoy. 

I  •■■  il!.\  this  liiKiy  is  eilled  the  ••  Hull "  because  it  does  not  whisile  but  roars,  and  diirin;;  a 
>!iiiii;;  iiice/e  It  \aiies  its  note  tVoiii  a  roar  to  a  sound  more  like  an  ordiiniv  steam-whistle;  it  also 
SHiimN  tiiiire  frecpienlly  than  in  mild  weather. 

Iili.sdu  the  line  of  l''(irl  I'oint  and  Aleatraz  Island  Ia;;hts  (or  so  intended  in  ]ilacin;;  it). 
li'ilh  (111  he  seen  from  il  in  clear  weather  from  the  deck  of  a  ves.sel,  the  Alcatra/,  Li;,'lit  sliowin;; 
till'  In.' her. 


r.  ■!!  iMv 


-U 


'  Olivcll:!  iiilditii,  Ciirpciilcr. 


I 


I   \'M1 


m 


I    ■:! 


I  t 


m 


210 


I'ACII'IC    (OAST    IMl.KT. 


'I'lu'  lmii>  lies  two  iiml  one  (|ii;irt('r  iiiilcs  tiiilsulc  ilic  si\  (miIioiii  liin'  of  tlif  Imr,  iiml  vcshcIs  in 
)ia.s.siii„  it  liir  till'  Main  Sliip  (  hiiiiiirl  nIihuIiI  krr|>  ht't  wi'i'ii  mil'  tliinl  ami  one  iialC  inili*  iiiii'lli\vai<l 
of  it.  thus  (i|Miiiii;;  Alcatm/.  Li^lit  tudth  of  I'oit  I'tnnt,  to  i'Hi>s  tin'  liar  in  Ilic  ilt'i'jK'.st  water  ami 
at  its  n.iiiuwi'^l  pail. 

I'miii  liiis  Wlii.sllinj;  I'liioy  we  have  tin- luiiowiii;;  lu'aiinj,'s  ami  ili>tam'(s  to  |iroiiiint'nt  objccls: 


i'liilll    lliMlrln   l.l^lll-llKIHK 

Iliniili'  l>ai'  ItiKiv,  ill  '.I  riitlinniH    . 

Si':il  IfiM  k><.  Ill)' I'oiiit  l.oliMH 

I'liil  I'niiil  anil  AliiiUa/  l.ijjIilH. 
|)iiNl>iir,\  li'i'i't' lliiii,v,  ill  I'.' lalliiiii 
Siiiilii'ast  j'aialliiii  I-ii;lil   , 


N.  I.-,     i;. 

N.  :a     K. 


N.  f,:l  i: 

N.  :.!*  r,.    '.1;    t'J 

N    '-".'i  \V. 

•s.  r.ii  \v. 


;|  mill' 

'•i.  III  ill' 
'i  mill' 
ill' 
.«  irili' 


iila\  KiiiU.  Ilrll  I!ii..v   S.    T'.i       W. 


I'.iJILl  U,  ys  I.i-lil   

It'iirk  nil  I'liilll  San  I'nirii 


N,  r.-      \V. 

s.  .-.1     i:. 


I'uiiil  MciMlaia  Ki'K-w Instil' S.    |-.'j     i; 


tll^  MlilrH. 
'.':ii  IllllrN. 
*J'.'^  liilIrM. 
\'i  lliili'i. 
I.'i     Illlli'H. 


Soint'liini's  Taliit'  Mountain  I'cali  (Mount  Taniaiiiais'i.  Mimtaia  Mountain,  ami  lias  Papas  cai 
111' sci'ii  ii\i'r  till' (o;;  in  appioai'liiii},'  tiir  liai,  ami  tl;i'  lii'aiiii;;s  ami  ili.stanrt's  of  tlu'.so  I'lom  iln 
\\'iii>liiii''  I'liun  air  as  tollows  : 


H 


if.: 


■JaMi'  MiMiiilairi.  i;a.>.|ini  I'l-ak. '.'.V.ll  fnl  l.i^li 
l.a«  l'a|ia>,  nr  tin'  ra|i<,  '.I",'.'!  fi  rt  i.'.'li 


U     v..        lUiiiili' 


N.  Ti     i; 


III}  llllll'l 


Ml  in  I  aril  Mmmtaiii.  l.r.ln  Irvt  lii;;li S. 


i:.         \lk  null- 


roit  Point  ami  Alcatraz  Islaml  l.i;j;lit    loiiscs  in  laiii;! 
Insiilf  Hiir  lliuni. — This  Imoy  lit's  wrl!    iiiNidr  tlir 


1  ami  liaifwa.s  towaiils  tin- '•  llcails."  ii 
is  a  tirstilitss  ninihiii'ii  witli  hlncl;  tinil  irliiu  jn  i  jn  in'iiiildr  slrijns,  plari'il  in  iiiiio  ami  oiii' lull 
falimiiis  of  wati'i'  at  cxlirrm'  low  tiili's.  oxer  a  liottoin  of  lini'  j^iavri  ami  Inolvin  .shells  ;  ami  it  iiii  > 
lie  passi'il  I'loselo  on  either  side.  It  Ins  t  wn  anil  om'-i|iKii  I  rr  miles  insiile  the  inner  six  fathom  liii< 
of  the  liar  towai'ils  the  South  .Shoal  l!m>y.  I  in  I  I  uo  ami  a  hall  in  lies  insjilo  the  .same  line  at  the  M.nn 
Sliip  Channel.  It  is  placiil  on  the  line  through  the  W  hi.silin;;  iiiiov,  l''oi t  Point  iii;;lit,  anil  Alia 
tia/  Islaml  l,i-ht. 


I'l'iin  it  \vc  have,  the  Ibllowiii'j  lK'ariii''s  ami  ilistanees  to  prominent  ohieets: 


I'mIiiI  Piiiiii'ta  I.i^'lil  Imii 
I.iliii'  I'liilll  riii;-wliiHllr 
l''iirl  I'.iiiit  l.i;;Iil-li(iii,-.r 
Alralra/  islaml  I.ikIiI-Ii 


N.    1 

\    .-, 

N.  ., 

I  K, 

1  I.. 

I  i: 

I  i: 


.Sinlli  .slma!  Ilmn,  ill  .".  I'alliMiiis .s.    1-     \V, 


Wliislliii;;  liiiin.  in  I,".  I'allmms  iinlsiilr  till-  liar .S,  :,.{  \V. 

DIariv  I'.ii..;- nlV  wrsi  iiiil  I-'iiiii-lallmm  Maiil;.  ill  r.<  falliiuiiH N.  -.'  U\ 

Ijlai  U  anil  l.'.il  liiinv  nl)  lasl  i  ml   I'liiirlalliiiin  Hank,  in   lit  rallmmH. 

1  ml  "laiks  Iiiiiirln  C'liaiiiii' 1 N.  •.'•".  1.. 


'."J  mill's, 

r.i  lllili'M. 

4  iiiilrN. 

7i  lllili'M. 

!l!  mill's. 

.''l,^,  llllll'N. 

:i  lllili'M. 


mill' 


The  Mill  ili)iiniil  [imiji  iu  ninetei-ll  fatlioms  lu'luien  "llie  lleails"at  the  entianee  to  San  I  i  in 
<nseo  Hay  was  reiiio\eil  in  .Srpteinlier.  l.ss|,as  not  neeileil  lor  the  |iiirjioses  of  iia\  if^ation.  Ii  nl 
lieeii  many  years  In  ]iosit'on. 

,Siiiitli  SIkiiiI  liilnij. — .Jiist  ollt.siile  of  the  four  anil  thlee-i|ll.il  tils  falholii  .spot  on  the  hai.  -:\ 
miles  Minihsoiiihwest  (SSW.)  Iroin  Point  P.oneia.  a  liisl  iluss  inniliiiini  iritli  vul  niiil  hlmt.  linn."  '■n 
.itrijics  has  lieeii  pi  a  ceil  in  six  anil  a  half  fat  lioms  of  water  o\  er  sa  mi  \  Imi  loin. 

This  shoal  pat  I'll  on  the  outer  I'll^e  ol  t  lie  liar  has  t'loni  lour  ainl  three  ipiaiters  to  li\  c  (all s 

of  water  upon  it,  !>  Ii.iifa  mile  lon^  iinrlhwest  ami  .soutlii.ist,  ami  lies  a  In  mi  two  liiiiiilreil  ami  iii  \ 
yaiils  insiile  the  liiioy.  With  a  lieaxv  swell  on  the  liar,  tlie  shn.il  iiisnlc  the  lmo\  liieaKs.  ami  is 
si'ls  shoiilil  njvi>  i;  a  lierlli  of  half  a  mile  on  elllnr  snle.      A  lielllmoy  hail    Ini'ii  plaeeil  liile   Iml    It 

1  1  iMii'i 


w 


as  upset  ami  replaeiil  li.\  this  one.      Vessels  shoiilil  ;;i\  e  this  liiiov  ,i  liei  th  of  half  a  mile  ol 


side,     .liist  inside  ol'  the  liiiov  the  liar  In 


reaUs  whenever  tlnie  is  a  lieax  \  .swell  upon  it 


r.il' 


the  Siiiith  Shoal  Iliioy  we  ha\  e  t  he  follou  ini;  l)eariii;;s  ami  disl 

''  lii>lliii^  limiv,  iiiilsiili'  till'  liar  in  l.'i  I'.illinnis \\  . 

liisnli'  liar  ilmi.v  in  '.i^  rallinii 
l'iili:l  linni'l  I  l.iylilliiinsii 
Miil-i'lianiH  1  |iiiNiliiiii  lirtw 
Kiiit  i'liilll  l.l::lii  (Mill-  i.'m 
Niirlli  Sral  i.'iM  k,  nil  I'liilll 


lilies  to  promini'iit  oo|i'its 
.'      .*<.        a    mill's. 


\  -j: 

'I'll   "llli'   III'; 

lis" 

N.:'.: 

k  nil  lini').. 

.N.:ii 

l.llllltM 

N .  1.- 

I     i-; 

I       K 


Di'i'.in  Siilr  111 


i; 


II!  inili'M. 

.^;  intli'M. 

.''ij  lllili'M, 

T.(  lllili'M. 


mill' 


Main  C'laiiiml  airnss  Ilir  i!a 


N.'ll       W.         '.'i  inili'D. 


1,111 


.  l.ii;   11 


iiliii'i'i'- 


PACIKIC   COAST    riM)T.  211 

/;»..)/  (>;»  llir  in  si  nul  <>/  Fourfnlhnm  I'xntk.—To  murk  tlio  wpst  ciul  of  tliis  hank,  ii  Jirnt  rlnsH 
1,1,  ■■mil,  imintid  hlock  mnl  niimhnril  1  liii.s  hcfii  pluo-tl  in  hcvimi  f.iHiinii,s  of  \v;;t('r  lit  tlm  «'\tniiio 
li.u  I, .Irs,  (i\('i  a  Itiilliiin  of  line  ^rc.v  aiitl  black  Hand  Just  oiilsitlc  tlir  har.  T<i  (mom.'*  tin-  liar  in 
11 VI  I  I  till  mis.  \f>M'ls  sill  III  III  ^'i>  til  tlir  siiiillicasl  (if  tills  liiuiv  almiit  iiiit'  t-if^litli  iif  a  in  lie,  ami  I  lien 
,i,,i  i.ii  j'lil  I'niiit  l,l;;lit,  ;;i'ailiiall.v  opi'iilii;,'  Puiiil  Itotii'ta  Ia;;lit  ;  liiit  tin-  Main  Ship  Cliaiiiirl 
,i(iii-s  ihc  hiir  in  lliirtv  four  tn  Ihiil.v  tivi'  fiTt  is  only  one  ami  a  halt'inilf.s  smitli  liy  fast  (S.  Iiy  K.) 
I'liiiii  this  liiiiiy.  To  Mil'  imitlirasf  (if  this  liiiny  tor  one  niili'  ami  thrcf  ipiarfcrs  a  tlt'jith  of  not  h'S.s 
iliiiM  loiir  r.illioms  is  rmiml  across  the  I'oiir fathoiii  iiaiik. 

I'mtn  I  his  liiioy  wo  lia\o  the  following  bearings  u.iu  distuiuuvs  to  proininnit  ohjccts: 

|1,i1Ii'm:is  I'll! lit N..'i<i     \V.         TJ  mili'H. 

|l||\lllll.V    Ifl'l  r  llllK.Y,    III    l'.>  l;llll<llll,H N.l'll       \V,  U    lllill'H. 

\Vlii-.lliM«  iiiiii.v,  iiiilMiili'  till-  liar  in  l.'i|  ratliiilim S.  IT  \V,  \l,  niilr.s. 

Siiiilli  Sliiiul  Iliiiiv ,  in  lij  l'''lli'ii"'' • f'.'Mi  I'..  \  iiiilrs. 

I II -.i  ill-  lliii-  I  tuny,  III  '.I  J  r:illiiiiiit , S.  -.'  Iv  ;l  till  Irs. 

Miii'i'liiiiiiii'l  iiii.Hiliiiii  lii'tHi'i'ii  "  til"  lli'iiils" \.7T  K.  TiJ  miles. 

l;:i>l  I'liil  <it'  I'liiir  ratliiiiM  Hank  I  limy  (lilmk  anil  ri'iM,  in  H  I'allinms \.  r>.'i  K.  1^  mili'H. 

AI'Mtra/  l-<laml  l.iulit  Jii.st  ii|iimi  wmtli  i>t'  I'liiiit    lliinila    Li^lil-liuiLtr, 

III.'  lall.T N.i;.'.  K.  1}  mili'H. 

S.al  K.irk,  nil'  I'liilit  i,.ilMiM I!a^l  ''i  imiI.',s. 

.\l  III!'  r.ii.iy,  Mount  Mialilo  is  iliicrtly  over  the  I''ojj  Si;;iial  of  I'oiiit  iioni'ta. 

I'll' III  lilt  the  iiist  I  ml  I'f  I'liitr  /iilhniii  Hunk. — 'I'liis   is  a   first  rliiss  iiiinliiinii,  irilli  hlmk  and  rvd 

l,iiii:,'iiliil  slrijHS.     It  IS  plarril  oil  tl astcmiiiosl  fiiil  of  till'  l''iiiir'fallioiii  Hank  to  iiiarl;  llii^  bank 

ami  .iN.i  till'  wi'st  siilc  of  llm  Moin'ta  Channel,     ll  lies  in  seven  fallioiiis  at   extreme  low  liile,  over 

a  jiiiih'iii  .if  line  ;:ray  anil   lilaek  saiel.     Tint  inner   eilge  of  the   tliiei'  ami   tlir inarters  fathom 

|i,ili  ll  .'11  111.'  I'".iiir  fallioin  Hank  is  two  miles  west  half  north  from  this  bnny.  A  vessel  can  carry 
i,nt  I.  ~-  ill. Ill  t.iiir  fathoms  over  the  bank  when  the  Itoneta  l.i^lit  liears  anythiii;;  .south  iif  east  half 
iiuiili.  \i'ssi'ls  lioiiml  ||iroii{:li  the  I'lOiieta  ('haniiel  shonlil  particularly  note  that  this  liiioy  lie.s 
rli'.ii  III' till'  easlein  e.xlremily  of  the  I'^oiir  falhoin  li.tiiU,  bill  tlies  slioiilil  ailhi'ie  closely  tu  the 
i'aii;:rs  riir  that  chaiiiii'l  to  avoi.l  the  bank. 

I'r.im  tills  buoy  we  have  the  followln;;-  bearin;;s  ami  tlistances  to   prominent  objects: 

T'liiii  ll.iii.'la  l.i^litliiMis"  anil  Ali'ntra/.  iHliiml  Ia;;lit'li.>iisi' just  ..p.ii 

II  111.'  s.mlli \.  H.'i  Iv  I  mil.'. 

I'iMl   r.iilll  l.ifjill N,  TT  i;,  :t  inii.'s. 

.Mill  cliaiiiirl  |Misiliim  lii'l wi'iMi  "  111.'  Il.ails" .s  I'll  |;.          [\  mil.'. 

.Sdiitli  Sialii'iirk  III!  I'liiiil    I.iiIhw S,  I,.  1',,  •.','  mill's. 

liiMili'  liar   llii.iy    ill '.I',   rallinins  ,'s,  ■.';.  W  '.';  null's. 

S.iiitli  Sliiial  Hiiiiy  in  (LHalliiinis S  '.'I  W.  ri^mili-N. 

Wliislliiiu'  K.iiiy  nil' III.' liar  ill  l,'.|    I'alli.niis S,  II  W.  T',  mili'H. 

\\  1^1    111. I  I'.iiii  ralliiini  Hank  llii">  iiiTlalliiiiiiH S.  ii,'.  \V.  H  mill's. 

liii\l.iii>   Ki'i  r  llii.iy    in   I'J  l.illi.iiiis       N  --  \V.  T)  mill's. 

lliis  liniiy  lies  on  tin'  imiilji'  of  I'niiil  ruini'ta  with  .Mcatia/,  l,>lani|  I/i^;lil  just  open  to  the 
-iiiiili. 

I  111' .  .iiiisi' lioiii  it  III  the  Wliisil'ii;;  liiioy  oiitsiile  t lie  bar  carries  a  vessel  t liioii;:ii  the  Main 
Sliii.  I  li.iiiiii'l  ai-iiiss  till'  bar. 

1  "  line  fii'iii  it  111  till'  l>ii\liiir\  b'l'i'f  I'.iioy  passes  ilireelly  across  the  slioalest  spot  of  the 
l'"i'i  ■  '  li.iiii  ri.ink    (111  three  anil  tlin'c  ipiai  lers  fathoms). 

ntiiv.s  111'  nil'-.  iiiiM'VrA  <'ii,\nm;l. 

\\  iilnii  I  111'  last  year  the  rmiieta  ( 'ha  unci  has  been  buoyed  so  that  vessels  may  iui«  use  it  even 
*lii'ii  ;lii'  I. Ill'  iiiiil  b^ick  raii;;es  are  hidileii  by  fo;;.  mist,  or  siimke.      It  soiiielimes  happens  in  ipiier, 

' 'I    ^^.iillier  that    the   siiiuke  ii|'  the  city  is  drifted    slowly    over  the  eiit  ranee  of  the  (iolde.i 

'nil',  ilnl  lliesi'  buoys  are  then  of  ;,'reat  servici'. 

I  "1  ill.'  ileseiiptiiiii  of  the  channel  see  pa;;e  'iO,S,  and  for  directions  fur  passin;;  tliroii;;li  it  see 
>.iili;i'.;  Iiiri'i'liiiiis  I'll!'  vi'.ssels  eiileriii„'  by  the  Hoiieta  ('lianncl. 

/;..)/',', I  Cliinniil  /.'i((ii/.  — This  is  a   first  i  fuss  uitii  Inini/  imliitnl  hlurk  nnil  ml  liiiri:niitiil  .slripis, 

iml  i>  |,1  inii  III  si\  and  a  half  fall s  of  yvit-r  over  a  boltoin  xt'  line  yiay  sand,     ll  is  al  the 

i';isi,.ni:M,,.t  I'll. I  III'  the  Koiir  falliiiin  I!. ink  and  on  the  west  side  of  the  I'.oneta  t'haniiel  abreast 
l'"iiii  l;.,ii,.|;i  i.ightlioii.se.     It  lies  Koiith  si.\ty-tivo  degrees  west  (S.  tl."i  ">  \V.)  from  IJoneta  Light- 


i(    i 


>«'■■ 


h 


iruPBHiHI 


)1) 


PACU'lC   TdAsT   I'lLOT. 


lionso,  iitiil  vt'iy  ncarlv  imll'M  inili"  (lisl;iiit.  Al  tlii>  liimy,  AlciiIrM/.  Islniul  M^lit  lioiisv  i,;  just  opt'ii 
to  tlio  smith  of  I'oiiit  [loiii'tM  I,ij;lit  house.  The  (h'cpcst  |>iirl  ul'  thi- chiiiiiit'l  is  liiilf  wiiy  l^'.'twccn 
the  Imoy  iiiul  Ihi-  I.i.uht.  It  is  i>iiss('il  on  cither  haiiil  in  j^oiiii;  out  ;  that  is.  it  is  (lassed  on  tlie  port 
hand  wiii'ii  a  vessel  is  Koin;;'  tiiroii^iii  the  lioneta  Chaniiel,  or  on  the  starhoiird  liaud  wIhmi  sIm'  i 
passiiif;  aloiij;- nnih'r  the  I'onrlaiiioMi  I'.ank  loi' tiie  Main  Ship  <  hamiel.  In  coniinj';  in  throu;;li  lie 
r.oncia  Cli  iiinel  il  is  passeil  on  the  starboard  Iiand. 

I'ldiii  this  hinn.  I'ort  I'oint  T.ijilit  house  liears  luirtli  soveut.vseven  dofirccs  east  (N.  77  I', 
distant  tiiree  miles:  ^Fi!e  lioeks  bear  south  si\iyll\e  decrees  east  (S.  (>,">  lo.)  distant  one  an' 
sevencijihlhs  nules;  the  inner  niidi'hann  i-l  ')''i.\.  in  nne' and  a  half  t'atlionis.  south  tweniv  Tn  • 
de^'ees  west,  distant  two  and  three  eighths  niiies  ;  tin'  black  bini,\  on  tiie  east  side  ul'  the  chanie 
north  I'oriyfoni' de^'rees  west  (N.  It"  W'.^  distant  sexcncijzhtlis  of  .1  mile:  and  tin^  led  buo\ ,  i' 
ihe  northwest  entrance  to  the  channel,  north  sixty  li\e  dej,'ices  west  |N.  <!."i  W.)  distant  one  ai  ■, 
three-eiiihihs  miles, 

Tldiittii  ( 'hiiinii  I  Htmii. — This  is  a  lirstcln.',.'!  xmi  liiim/  paintaJ  hliuh  mul  niimhi  n  tl .'!.  aixl  _.'ace(!  ; 


oiKht  and  a  half  falhonis  of  waier  ovc;-  >■  .nds 


lioili 


It 


a  ted  on  the  east  side  of  t  he  chan 


and  in 


le  third  of  a  mile  outside  the   three-falhom  enr\e.      It    is  abreast    the  \ailev  of  11 


Uodco  Lai^oon.  which  opens  ui)on  a  low  sand.v  shore  about  one  ipi.ir'er  of  a  mile  Ion;;.  In  enterini; 
tlie  chaiiiii'l  from  the  iioi  ihwest  wanl,  it  is  jjasseil  on  the  jiort  hand  ribmit  three  liuinlred  y.\ii\- 
distant,  At  this  buoy,  the  outer  Seal  Hock  ,i.l'  Point  I.obos  and  the  red  and  black  striped  buo\  nil 
Point  ridiicla  are  in  raiiui'.  I'roiii  t  Point  lioneta  I,iu;lit  house  bears  south  siNtyseven  di-^^icc^ 
east  (S.  (17  !■"..'!  distant  one  and  oiie-ei;:lith  miles;  the  red  and  bl.ick  stiipecl  buoy  soirth  forty  Inn, 
di'Uiees  east  (S.  II  Iv)  distant  seven ci^ihths  of  a  mile;  ami  the  red  buoy,  at  Ihe  northuc--' 
side  of  the  entrance  tn  the  channel  south  ei;:htyt'oiir  <leurees  west  (S.  SI  W .)  distant  mietli'id  •■: 
a  mile. 

Jtiiiidi'  Cli'iiiiii  I  lliiiiij. — This  is  a  _//c.s7('/'(.t.v  nun  liiuni  jniintrJ  rid  and  jihieed  in  seven  and 
(piarter  fallncis  of  water  o\cr  fine  jiray  and  black  sand.  It  marks  the  extreme  north  limit  of  ili. 
l-'oiir  I'ailiuin  I'.ank.  and  al>o  the  west  side  of  the  northwest  eniiance  to  the  P-oiieta  (T'lnnel.  I: 
is  li\  e  cij;litlis  of  a  mile  from  the  nearest  jioint  of  ihe  rocky  shore  to  the  northeastward,  and  T'li 
nessee  X'alley  opiiis  to  the  north  by  east  half  ea>l .  .\t  this  buoy  Point  IJoncla  Li^^ht  house  ami 
tlio  cross  on  I, one  Monnl.iin  are  in  ranue.      l'"ioni  it  Point  Pioiiela  I.i^ht  house  bear-  south  seven! . 


•\eu  di';.:rci'S  ea-t    1 S. 


distant   one  and  t  hrcr  ipiaricis  miles ;  the   leil  and   blai'k  stiipcd 


uov  oil'  point    lioneta  soiitli  si\t\  li ve 


east  (S.  ti,"i     1:.)  distant   01 


le  and   Iwolifths  ni 


the  black  buoy  on  the  east  side  of  the  channel   mu'th  ci;;h|y|'or-  de; 


;rees  ea 


d  (N.  SI     !•;,.  dist: 


one-li  ird  ol'a  mile;  and  the  Mnvliiiiy  Itccf   l!uo\   so'itli  (    j:lit\  se\eii  dc;;Tees  west  (S,  s;     \W\  ,1, 
taut  si\  and  one  i|iiaricr  miles. 

In  addiiion   to  these   rcLiakir  biiovs.  markiiiLrlhe  \arioiis  sho.ils  and  channels  o\ei    the  '• 
bnovs.iie  soiiieiimes  placed  to  III, II  k   tenipiU'aiA    obstiiici  ions  to  na\i;;alion:  bill  such  liiio\s  ,1; 


remov  ( (I  u  licii  the  obstruction  no  huiLier  exists.      In  l.ssT  1 1 


lere  u  as  one  such  lino\  on  iIh'   bar. 


Siiit   /■>.(;/. /veil  liiir.  irii  1 1;  hihiii. — This  (./(Cr/i  j  biloy   wliiih  m,iii>cd    !  he  wreck  of  I  lie  i'.^dmlf 
the  soiithein  put  of  '^e  bar  has  1 11  icmovi'd,  as  the  wreck  lias  been  destroyed.      It  la\   li\e 


(piarter  miles  soiiih  b;,  west  half  west  ,'S,  by  \V.  \  W.)  from  P.oneta  Poin!   I,i;ihl  h 


oiise 


GKNKRAI.    SAILING     1)1 1<  I-CTIONS     lOI-i     A  I'F'KOACII  I  NO    A  N  .3     KNTKHING     SAN      I'RANCI 

BAY  • 


if' 


In  .liipidachiii',;  the  CO, 1st  in  the  \  ii  Inil  \  of  San  I'r.iii 


•isco  It   is  of  j^iiMl   iinpcu  ta.iiee  'li 


rale  deiei  iMinalions  ot'  a  Ncssels  position  should  be  obtained,  as  toi,rs  ami  thii'k  weather  are  a| 


prevail  near  the  kind.     Some  of  Ihe  fo^'s  ai 


di'iise  aii.1  dark.  :iiid 


Ihe  «  atcj- for  d.i  V  s  and  i'\ en  ui'cks  ;  some  lian,^  oNciin'ad  about  one  i.r  t  v 
tin:;  llic  low  11  e lit s  and  ol  lier  aids  to  nav  i;;al  iiui  to  be  made  out. 


le  close  to  the  siirlai 
A  o  hniiclr.Ml    tcel.  pel 


Tlie  immediate  approaches  to  S,m    Kiancisco   P.ay  are  lavoraMc;  tie'  l.indmiiks  arc  l)oM 


easllv  lccoe|o/ei 


1:    llie    b 


:his. 


aiul  whistles  aie  iicail\   Mifliciciii  ;   and  the  entrance 


■llMTiiOi    111  li.iijiiin  III  Sail  l''iaiii'i-Mi  liiiir   lir-iila-s  .sriii 


lalH  ;Of  ;il\sa'  •*  rtiiisiiiL;  inilsiili'  tin-  In 


'•rr;it.'Ml    |illi>l   I. .Ml-  u  nil  l\M'l;l>    li 


1  In'  as  llic  rariill ■»,  anil  tin.  uiln.r  aieiiint  tlie  liar. 


Mo 


■•i'lii-il  i<(  li.'^h,  -,,     ( III  III..  ,-,|||  ,,(■  |i.  I  iiiilii  1.  tsTM,  ||||.  |ul<i|  niiiiiiiissi iM.if  Sun  I'riiiii'iwd,  Marr  I 

ValK  i'..  ami    Itriie,  la   iianpl.  i|  I  lir  Ciillnwiii;;    ■•■,;iial    tni   \i--i.|,   in  .!  i-il  less  e'l  ( In' riiliaiii'i'  In  San  |-'r,il)r'iH.ii  Ha\ 

II. e  llM 

iiiai'i  li'iK'k, 


li'sllJli;;  llli 


I'fa  slcaiii 


.•<i'ji(al.  Iln    MaliMii,J  Ha:;  el'  (lie  vi'nmi'I  in  ilistriss  to  lii'  liiij.ste 


'*,! 


.1^1 


rAciiic  coAsr  i-ii-or. 


n:i 


|(i  |..i--.s  lliroiiii'li,  as  tliiT«i  lire  im  tihstriiclioiis  isiis  wlicic  iinir  llii^  iiiidcliaiiiiil.  In  llm  fojf^cy 
\\(  iiImt  III'  siiiiiiiifr  tlicsi'  iiil\aiit:i,:,'fs  (lisappcar,  aixl  \\h;  slraii;;cr  can  duly  apinoacli  llic  l)ar  ami 
w.iit  I' ii' a  |iili>l.  Ill  clrar  wcailii  r,  at'li'i' a  vi'sx'l  iias  i-io.-iscil  lln'  liar,  tiicn' aii^  .mihji'  infcaiitioiis 
|,i  1m' ;;i\('U  III  a  stiaii;;!'!' att»'iii|i|liif^  tin*  i»assa;;r  (liniM;;li  the  (inldcii  <  1  .  It  isiiitcilv  iiiiinai;- 
liiMliic  loaiulidr  ill  tin'  <  lolilcii  (late  itself,  ami  (iliiy  t  wii  aiii-luira;:;fs  inside  ■■  llie  Heads"  are  rel'ei  red 
111  III  tile  detailed  descriptiiiii.  The  cinreiits  aii-  very  st  ion;;  and  very  irieunlar  anpiind  I  he  tliller 
(111  j.MJiil.s  ami  iiiiinnd  tlii^  Mile  linei.s.  The  Ihiml  sets  slnniL,'  Inwards  ail  the  points  nn  the  mirth 
>lieir,  and  the  (')ih  sets  tnwaids  I'dil  I'niiit  \ ciy  striin;;ly  iiiid  iire;:iilarl.\,  with  an  eddy  at  times 
lll|ii<  I   the  west  side  dl    the  piiinl. 

Willi  a  j^diid  liree/e  ami  elear  Weather,  a  ship  shniild  lie  ^rnided  in  liei' cdiirse  tliriiii;;li  the 
('nil.!.  II  (late  liy  the  land  rather  than  by  the  eoinpass,  espei-iall\  as  the  ishiiid>,  points,  and  lii^h 
li:ii'i^  uioiiiid  <iii  tiie  east  side  of  the  liay  alfmi!  many  opporluiiities  liir  ■^i\ni\  raii;;es, 

III  li.uiil  winds,  there  is  daii;;i'i  <if  lieiii;,'  ■  arrierl  too  elose  to  either  shore,  and  siiijietiines  larjjfe 
vi".>i  Is  ale  eiiiliayed  elose  nmler  tln^  m in ln-rii  points  when  the  ''i ml  is  d.\  in;;  i  at,  and  are  in  daii;;er 
111' III  ii;,' (Miried  (III  the  '.■ocNs  li\  the  stroin;'  s'virliiii;'  eiiireiil-i.  They  may  anelior  in  I'.nneta  < 'o\  e 
ell  llir  liorlli,  ov  ill  ImmI  I'oiiit  lii.^lit,  east  of  Mile  I  toe  Us,  on  the  south  si.le,  iiiit  I  he  la  tier  is  espe- 
ri. illy  to  he  avoided;  and  a  liu'i^e  vi^ssel  anehorin;,'  there  shonld  not  alteinpt  to  j,'et  underway 
»illi(ial  the  assistance  of  a  til;,'. 

II  a  vessel  lias  anchored  near  the  inside  iJar  iJiioy  or  towa.ds  the  mid  ehaiinel  lieiween  tim 
111-. uN,  it  will  lie  found  tiiat  diirii'  ;■  the  siiiaiiK'r  I  hell'  is  lil  ill'  wind  tioiii  midiii^^lit  nnlil  ten  o'ciocl^- 
III  the  iiiiMiiin;,';  i;enerall,\  the  sea  Inee/e  sets  in  at  this  time,  lint  if  it  is  not  strong;'  emini;li  to 
ilniv.  tliiinii;li  the  (ioldcii  (Jate  (which  may  be  readily  ascenaiiicd  from  aloft)  remain  at  aneiior  or 

I.ikr  .1   III^'. 

At  iiiulit,  vessels  under  wa>  slionld  not  alteiiipt  to  run  in  at  a  late  hour,  esiieeially  if  the  elili 

liili' IS  aliiiill  to  malvc,  liecanse  llie  re;;nl.ir  siinriier    sea  luee/.e  dies  out  helween  the  lleiids  Iiefoie 

iiiiiliii;^lil.      llasterly  winds,  are  \ery  rare.     Willi  soullieast  w mils,  \  easels  ma  \  cross  t  lie  liar  liy  1  he 

Sniiih  ('h.iiiiiel  to  windward  of  the  Honth  Shoal    i!  iioy,  ami  iveii  w  iih  an  elili  enrreiit    may  filch 

;lii' .iiii'lini.i;;v>  otV  i'.laclc   I'oiiil  without  tacUiii;,',  liecaiise  the  stru'.iij  »'lili  fvoin  naieooii  Si  raits  ami 

llir  iii'iHi  liav  cuts  IImi  vcsm'I  on  the  lee  liow, 
II,  , 

III  Old  I  nary  weather,  suminer  .»r  winter,  vessels  may  er.i.--s  the  liar  anywhere  south  of  the  Four- 
l.illiiiiii  liaiik  that  the  wind  will  iiermit.  With  Ilie  usii.il  summer  w  inds  sipuirerii^p'd  vessels 
I  iii-i- ii  iiilrd  can  iiirely  cross  liythe  South  Clianml  ;  with  the  wind  well  to  the  west  ward  lliey 
I'.iii  i!  I  Ml.  In  southeast  weather,  \ csscls  may  cross  by  the  Sou! h  Channel  belbie  it  be;; ins  to  break  ; 
>.  ill  II  I  111'  u  hole  liai'  is  I  Ileal,  in;;  a  sailiii;;  \essrl  must  i  ro>s  li\  the  Main  Ship  ( 'hanncl  or  he, id  otf 
>liiiiv,  but  a  .•iteaiiier  may  cnlir  lis  the  Iloiieta  Channel,  in  tln^  Soiiili  ('iiaiinel,  w  illi  a  hea\y 
swi'i!,  St  diners  would  roli  badly,  but  do  not  piti-h  so  lie.i\  ily  as  in  the  Main  Ship  Chan  ml.  In  the 
liiiiiiM  Cliaiiiiel,  morenver,  there  is  a  de|itli  of  fi.iiii  ei;;hl  and  a  half  to  nine  talhoiiis  of  u  ater,  and 
Nir.uiii  IS  may  enter  and  leave  by  it  in  tht^  iieasiest  Miiilheast  weather.  It  is  now  well  luiuyed; 
Ml'  Diieetioiiv  lor  cnleriiii;;  by  it.  Nearly  all  sninimr  tl  e  vessels  t'lom  the  no.thern  coast  iiin 
•'ti.ii.;!a  across  th(>  l''o;ii'iatliiiiu  liaiiU,  c\  eii  when  it  is  breakiiii,'.  The  Urili^h  sloop  ot' war  ('niiiiix 
|M-^i  1 1  nut  (i\er  this  bank  at  a  time  w  hen  ihe  swell  was  la  rue  but  not  break  iiiLT. 

A  >  I  >>cl  slioiild  not  aiichoi  ii|ion  the  liar,  lieciiise  the  swell  ml  I  in;;  in  a;iaiiisl  the  ebb  ('urrent 
lii'iihiro  a  filioil,  liea»y  .sea  th.tt  makes  such  aiielioia;,'e  very  iincoiii  fort  able  and  at  i  imes  dan;;er- 
i'ii>.     .\|iiieo\ei.  a  vesteily  nionml  swell  may  come  n|i  without  any  waininj. 

'".'••.'''.'•'.""■■"'''"' it  i'~t  IVeipieiitlx  inipossiliU*  to  see  more  than  a  \  r ''il's  liii;;lli,  and  extreme 
'  iiiliiiii  must  be  exercised  in  approacliiiii;  the  bar  by  t  hose  iiii.icipniinled  w  llh  I  he  coa>t,  cm  rents, 
.iiiii  »i!ids.    The  safer  pl.in  is  te  lr\  to  make  tin    .Vuloin.ilic  Whisilin;;-  Ibioy,  or  '•  the  I'.ull,"  l.siii;; 


liln-i  II  1. 1 1  In  mis  oil  the  .M.iiii  Ship  ( 'ha  line  I  across  the  bar.     I'l  om  it,  i 


the  b.ir  ill  li\  e  ai 


il 


li.iil  l.illiipiiis  (Ml  a  imrlheast  half  east  [}il].  k  V..\  course,  wliicli  will  lead  thioii-h  the  middle  of  tin 


tiiiMi  II  <  l;iie.     Soon  iil'ler  i'ros>iii^r  <  ||,,  i,.|c_  (|,,.  ,st( 


am  t 


oi;  >iri'ii  dl 


I    I'oiiit   iloiieta  should  be  heard. 


•imi  r.iie  iMiist  Ih'  taken  not  t 


It  biiiifi;  II  to 


ar  an\  I  liiii;;'  ea.>l  of  lun  i  heas'  ( 


M;.\     Ifll 


iiriciit  is 


I'liiil  II  u  ill  c.ii  ry  a  \  essci  in   scrv  iiearlv  on    her  course  to  abreast  of  I  lie   Hointa.  Channel,  w  hen 


111'  I  ii;  .111 


t  tliliiu;;ll  til  it  channel   would  prob.ibly  set   licr  sli;;litly  to  the  souiIiwmhI.      Iftlieci 


niii  1^  .lib  il  will  be  aliuosl  directly  ii;;aiiist  Iier  until  nearly  up  to  I'oint  Honeta,  when  the  ell'icl 
"I  till' I  iireiil  must  be  watdii'd.  There  is  llsii.illy  a  ver\  stroiiL;'  eiirreiit  lip  tor  seNCial  hundred 
iaiil.M.il  I'liiiu  Hoiieta,  If  a  coiiise  i.s  taken  from  one  mile  nortli  of  the  A\'liistlin;i  l!iio\,  sleer 
Miiilln  i.|  iiy  east  (NM.  b>    IMaml  follow  t  ho  sjierial  instruct  ions  elsew  here  ;;l\  ell. 


■'.    * 


B 


^1' 


!     '., 


\\Ul 


214 


I'Acii'ic  COAST  iinrr. 


Tlii>  It-ad  call  not  lie  used  after  ontoriii;;  between  tlie  Ili-ads,  hut  soon  al'lcr  iia.ssini,'  I'orf  I'oji  i 
the  water  slioals  so  that  it  is  ay^iin  avaihihh'. 

The  main  aid  to  navij;ation  in  tlie  (iohh'n  Gatodnriiipr  the  fo;;s  istiiesleaui  Fo^'-whistlc  on  liir 
eastern  rock  close  nndcr  I.iine  Point.  (See  (lcscrii)tion,  jiajre  17!'.)  It  can  1"  ilistinclly  hcaril  ai  ili. 
Heads  ami  evi'n  for  ([iiite  a  distance  outside  of  tiiem,  and  also  well  inside  tlu^  liaibor.  I.'cljaiir. 
nnist  lie  especially  jilaced  on  this  whistle,  because  very  fri'(|uenlly  the  b<ll  on  I'ort  I'oint  can  '.:>•■ 
be  heard  iiiilil  a  vessel  is  abreast  of  it.  Ne\  eilhelcss  several  steamer  c.iptaiiis  report  thai  tlui. 
is  a  ]iart  oftlie  eiitiance,  between  Mil*'  Kock  and  I'tirt  I'oint,  where  the  Linn  I'oint  I'oj;'  whistle  i- 
not  heard,  althoujrh  they  hear  it  outside,  and  again  hear  it  w  hen  oil'  I'orf  I'.. int. 

The  toi,' driving;' ii   through  the  (lohb'n  (Jate  continnes  in  a  nearly  stiaight  line  or  conip.i. - 
uniss  Ibr  some  tiaie,  SI   that  the  .south  shore  inside  of  I'c.rl  I'oint  will  be  cmiiparalively  free  In. in 
fog.  or  light  up  at  timis  until  it  has  linally  settliMl  over  land  and  waler.     N'esselscaii  therelbie  (.i!  i 
advantage  of  this  by  passing  around  I'ort  Point  as  closely  as  jiracticablc,     liiit  it  iiiusl  be  pail  . 
iilarly  reuiembered  t'  .it  the  ciiireiit  tlimugli  the  (ioldeii  (late  readies  six  and  six  tenths  miles  ]•■■ 
hour,  with  heavy  cuireiit  rips  and  boiling,  whirling  wati  r.     The  ebb  ciirrenl  around   liiis  pmiil   i- 
strmig  and  very  iricgiilir,  and  temls  to  crowd  a  X'essel  on  the  norilieasi  face  of  the  jioint.     If  ll.. 
wind   is  light  alter  passing  through  the  (ioldeii  dale,  and  the  current   llood,  it   is  iiiipeial  i\  <  ' 
iiecessaiA  to  keep  ovc'' towards  the  south  shore,  as  tiiis  ciiireiit  sets  strongly  tciwaids  Arch  aii'i 
Shag  Uoeks.     A  \essel  m.iy  uiicIku'  in  ten  fathoms  under  liie  tail  of  the  Presidio  rthoal  if  she  liuiU 
it  necessary. 

N'essels  a])proachiiig  the  Piar  of  San  Francisco  at  night  must  not  be  misled  by  a  hrii/hl  ilnln, 
thjlit  placed  o\er  ]'elcgra]>h  liill  at  an  elevation  ol' exactly  tour  hundred  feet  alio\  c  the  level  of  I  lie 
sea,  and  theietbri^  possibly  visible  (ui  the  horizon  at  a  distance  of  tweiity-thtfe  miles;  at  a  sheii 
distance  it  is  seen  as  a  light  of  great  Inilliancy.  It  does  not  show  ovi'r  the  wiiolc  .seaward  hoii/on, 
on  aceoiii.t  ol'  inler\ cniiig  hills,  but  strikes  the  horizon  through  .scM-ral  depressions,  as  follou  •- : 

Over  the  foiirlh  drpression  of  I'oint  P.oiieta,  Just  north  of  the  old  Light  house  tower,  ami  i~ 
limited  liy  the  lieariiigs  iinrlh  I'igliiy  tiveaiid  a  cjuarter  degrees  west  to  iKutli  eightylbnr  and  a  iIiimI 
degrees  weM  (N.  s.-)i  ^  \V.  to  N.  SI;',  W.). 

Over  the  second  depression  of  Point  l^>oiieta.  Just  .'iiuith  of  the  old  Light  house  tower,  fniin 
iKirth  eiuhty  two  and  a  half  degrees  west   to  north  eightv  two  degri'cs  west  (N.  >>L'.i  W,  to  N.  >J 
W.). 

Tliroui;!.  jiart  of  the  (ioldeii  Gate,  being  limited  on   the  north  about   twd  bundled  arid   liri> 
yards  imhiIi  ol  the   Point  IJonet;!   Light,  on  bearing  snuih  eighty  one  and  ,i  hali'  degrees  ui  si  i.-'. 
SI.j  '  \V.),  aiicl  on  the  south  by  the  high  ridge  rising  iii>  triuii  I 'oil  Point,  on  Immi  ing  south  se\(  nu 
four  and  a  iialf  degrees  west  (S.  'i\.y-  \\ .). 

Ovir  the  sand  dunes  thrceipiarters  of  a  inih^  south  of  tlii>  Seal  IJocks,  I'loni  south  lll'iv  Inin 
and  a  (pLirter  degrees  west  to  south  forty  seven  (b^grees  west  (S.  fltl  "  W,  to  S.  17  ^  \V.). 

It  is  theiilbre  visible  lietwceii  the  '-Heads,"  but  tui  the  noilhern  side  of  the  mid  ehamiel  !     • 
As  there  may  be  ciicuiiistances  when  this  light  woulil  become  a  danger  to  navigation,  a  --i,,  ,. 
examiiiatiiui  has  been  made  ni)on  it  from  seaward  under  \ciy  favorable  iitmosplieiic  couili:i.:- 
.\  \es-iil  miulil  mistake  II  Ibr  the  Pxuieta  Light  if  the  latter  were  obscured  by  a  palih  of  (bu.     I;i 
theexaminaiion  wliieh  was  made,  the  electric  light  was  not  visible  cui  the  b.ir  mar  the  South  Slm.il 
Buoy;  imt  at  one  and  a  half  miles  luit  side  the  bar,  in  thirteen  f.ithoms  of  w. iter,  it  was  fust  i  -  m4 
over  the  sand  dunes,  and  then  (iiil.\  \  isible  by  the  aid  of  a  glass.     ( »ii  a  <'ouise  dui'  iini  ili  ihi  ,  i'  r 
Whistling  i;mi>,  it  was  Ibund  on  the  gi'  en  bearing  through  the  C.oldcn  <iate,  w  iili  .\h-.ilra/.  I- .  iH' 
Fcut  Po;nt,  and   Point   IJoiieta   Lights  in  siuht   at   the  same   time.     The  cleetii.' light  was  l.i  ■!■ 
than  any  of  them,  and  the  P.oiieta  Light  was  tpiite  bii;;hi,  at  a  posiii(ui  (uie  mile  (uit-ide  the  Iwr 
in  thirleeii  an<l  a  half  fathoms.     When  the  northern  limit  of  this  are  of  \isibility  was  reached,  .il 
one  iind  a  half  miles  ouiside  the  bar  in  thirleen   fatlioi;s,  a  course  w.'si   by  south  (\N'.  by  S  ,  w.is 
run,  and  the  light  was  lost  at  a  dislaiice  of  eighteen  miles  from  it,  or  eight  miles  (uitside  i'  ■    i'U' 
in  twcnt\  live  fathoms,  so  that  it  is  nut  at  all  visible  on  the  laui/.on.     Il  therefoie  docs  i"!   -1  "H 
.so  far  as  the  electric  lights  at  Los  Angeles. 

This  light,  being  a  private  undertaking  not  at  all  conneet.d  with  the  shipping;,  is  liable  I"  i"' 
discontinued  at  any  time.  Asa  fact  ii  was  not  showing  Ibr  four  nights  previcuis  to  the  exiiniii.i- 
tiiui  referred  to. 

I,'iinnrl;s  tijuni  the  Cndstinij  Xarinalnrs, — In  gix'iny  general  directions  to  vessels  for  llie  ap- 
jiroaches  to  San  Francisco,  as  wcdl  as  to  other  ports  and  aiicliorages  <ui  thi.1  coast,  il  must  he  ills 


t    ^' 


rAciiic  coAM'  ni.or. 


215 


linclly  iiinloi'stdoil  tli.il.  Ilicy  do  iml  cdvi  •■  tin-  liiiiidn'ils  of  \iii',\iii^r  (Mst'S  tliat  occur  in  priK'tico. 
TIh'\  :ii('  intended  to  fiuiilc  ii;ivij;;il<)rs  «  Im  ;trc  not  rully  iU'i|ii:iintcd  with  tlic  |K'cnliaritic.s  of  tlui 
(Wist,  liic  landCails,  soiindinj;s,  cnricnis,  etc.,  and  tlic  climate  of  the  iinniediate  .scalioaid;  and  to 
:iNsi>t  those  \t1io  are  |p.irtially  aeiniaiiiled  willi  Ihest^  conditions  and  yet  refuse  to  take  any  risV; 
«iialc\er.  Willie  these  lisks  may  ln^  cunsidered  ;,'ieaf ,  iievert  heless  tlio-.e  who  will  not,  try  '.o 
111, live  lliejr  liorts  ill  fi);:i;y  \*eatlier  inil>t  fieiillellliy  wait  a  week,  tu'  e\en  Weeks,  lllitii  the  fo^sclear 
II |i  --liilicir III ly  lor  till'  land  to  lie  made  (Mil  willi  certainty. 

r.c^ides  the  <  lo\  ernilicill  otliceis  w  ho  h  i\i'  111  ide  the  surveys  ahiii;,'  the  coast,  and  the  many 
i\|iei  leiiced  masters  of  sailiiijj  vessels,  (here  has  i;rowii  up  on  t  his  sealio.ird  a  iiody  of  masters  and 
iiiiilcN  III' stcani'UH  who  have  to  make  their  trips  from  San  I''iaiiciscii  tit  the  iiuillieiii  ami  soiitherii 
|iiiii>  in  t  he  thickest  fie^s,  and  to  lelurii  on  timewiihoiil,  prolialily  seem-  nii.\  oliject  half  ii  niih* 
(h-i.iiil  dui'iliLf  Iho  \  o\aj,'e.  These  men  lia\e  leariietl  tlie  character  ot  t  lieir  \esvcls,  tlie  errois  of 
llie  I  iiinpasses,  tiie  set  ami  force  of  theotfshore  and  the  ill^h(lle  cnmnls,  the  iiitliieliee  of  the 
wind  in  particular  local i I  ies,  and  the  direction  and  slreiij;tli  of  the  tid.il  i  in  ii'iits.  'I'hey  know  the 
|ii'(iili  iritles  of  t  lie  to;;  whistles  and  ot'  the  antomalie,  liiioys  under  all  circunistances  of  wind, 
ur.itler,  ami  sea.  They  are  famili  ir  w  it  li  theasiiect  ofi'vciy  mile  of  shnie  line  close  to  the  water's 
iil;;e.  «  hell  the  lii^'lier  kinds  are  in  to,' ;  every  patch  ami  Held  of  kelp  ;  and  c\ery  rock  and  lueak. 
'flir>  ha\  e  t, 1 1  Ml  la  ted  and  iiiemori/ed  every  course  and  tlie  time  on  each  to  the  fraction  of  a,  minute 
liii  ;iil  the  \aryin^  eonditieiis  id'  tin'  tide,  swell,  wind,  etc.  They  are  ceaselessly  viuil.int  day  and 
iii-lil,  and  they  approach  a  cape,  point,  rock,  li;,dit,  or  port  with  coiilidenee,  self  I'cliaiice,  and  cer- 
tainty. \\"e  lia\e  sailed  with  tliein  and  Iiear  te-,iiinony  to  ihese  many  i|iialiticalions  which  coni- 
iiiaiid  success,  anil  without  which  time,  capital,  and  liiimaii  life  would  he  jcopardi/.ed  and  freipioiitly 
sacliliccd. 

|i  is  ntleily  impi-acticaiile  to  toriniilare  the  minute  knowledt.'e  cpf  these  navi;;ators;  it.  is  of  ;i 
cliaraiter  wholly  di>tiiict  and  ditVeieiit  from  that  of  coimnaudeis  who  liave  the  liroadest  sca-rooin 
and  the  amplest  onltit  ot' men  ami  means.  It  is  even  impiaclieatih  foi'  themselves  to  ui\(^  iiiles 
I'lir  this  sealtoard  Iiavi<;atioM,  heciiise  every  tlipa:.d  every  vessel  allmiis  some  new  plia.>es  or  coii- 
ililimis  (if  the  |iidlileiii.  'I'o  aid  these  captains  in  this  anxious  iiav  ligation,  the  steamship  companies 
,liic|  the  ;.;l'eat  mill  owiieis  .shovv  iiriv.ile  li;,'hts  at  the  dillcreiit  liarlior  wharves  when  a  vesx-l  is 
('\|iccted  ;  or  pive  ot  her  w  ami  ii'^Mo  aid  t  lieiii  ill  lea  chum'  their  licit  li  or  anchorage.  These,  hovv- 
('V(  r,  may  li(>  eh  iii;,'ed  a  I  aii>  ti  ill'',  and  tlioiet'oie  tliev  are  not  men  I  ioned  as  ^■llides  to  the  stran^'ers. 

\\  h  le  ue  endeavor  to  y:ive  full  :.iid  clear  directions  for  the  iiaviuation  of  the  coast,  yet  the 
alinve  iviiiaiks  shoiiht  he  liorne  in  mind  as  indicating;  tliii  tired  of  u  special  training,'  and  aptitude, 
mi  I  Imld  rocky  coast  so  t'reipiently  enveloped  in  dense  to;,'. 

SAtt.lMI    IHIJf.ClldNS    WIIKN    ('(iMINC.    IIMM    Itll':    Si  It 'I'trW  At."  t). 

Wlieil  coiiiiiif,'  from  the  southward  it  is  custdmarv  'or  steamers  to  make  the  coast  ahoiit  I'oint 
.Xfio  Nni'Mi  I'-Ieam  I'o;;  w  liislle),  ill  latitude  .57  (Kl',  ,  ol'  ri;;e'iu  I'diiil  ( lauhtdioiise  mid  steam  Iol;' 
vvliisilci,  ii\,'  iiiiles  flirt  her  nortli,  and  then  follow  it  f  >  the  liar,  keeping;  about  threiMir  four  miles 
tidiii  shoic  111  t'!oiii  Ihirtv  tofoity  f.ithoins  ot' water.  'I'Ikoc  aeipiainted  wiih  lheciia>i  line  ^ladually 
a|p|ire,eli  it  and  pass  Montaia  I'oint  (steam  fo-whi-ile)  at  a  dist.ince  of  two  and  a  half  miles 
rtli.'c  tJicic  is  a  depth  ol'  twent.v  l  wo  or  t  went  v  three  fathoms.  When  Mnntira  I'oint.  Iiear.s  oast 
li.v  ii'iiili  ( I",,  hy  \.)  distant  two  and  a  li.ilf  miles,  I'oiut  lioiieta  I.i:,'lit  hears  north  three  (piarters 
Wist  N.  ;  W.),  distant  sixteen  ami  a  h  ilf  mih's,  an  1  in  cle.ir  weather  tli(>  I  lu  lit  should  he  distinctly 
seen  and  a  course  laid  for  it.  This  willpi-s  roiiil  Siii  i'edio  Ihick,  which  is  three  ami  a  half 
iiiilcs  lo  the  northw.ird  of  Moutar.i,  at  a  distain'c  ot'  two  miles  iii  sixteen  to  sev  eiiteeii  f.ithoms, 
and  the  w  Iter  w  ill  sh'pal  very  eimlniHy  to  ih"  hir,  which  on  that  coiirso  can  he  crossed  in  live 
and  Hiree  .|ii,irleis  fathoms  leasi  vv.it(  r.  Keep  on  t  his  couise  (  N.  ,'  W.j  ami  I  he  he. ii  in;:;  of  Point 
l!i>iie:  I  I,i;r||i  niitii  you  open  Alcalri/.  Island  l,i';lil  Jiisi  north  of  h'ort  i'oiiil,  l.i,::hl,  when  the  mid- 
rlli:i!,.l  position  lietvveeli  the  lle.ids  will    he  h.ilf  a  mile  to  tlie  mulheast   t  hree  ipiarters  cast  (XI'. 


i;. .    f 


lis  is  tlie  position  of  the  old  Mid  channel  \\ 


TI 


•nee  the  colli 


to  the  middle  of  tli 


•  eiMra  t'.aie,  hut  approacliiiiH;  sli;,'litly  ne.irer  liinie  I'oint.  for  t  w  o  and  seven-ei;;litlis  miles  is 
nicthiist  hy  iKMtli  (N'H.  hy  N.».  In  one  and  oiietliird  miles  from  this  midelianiiel  position 
'"•i^^e.ii  the  Fields  the  north  jioint  of  Verha  liuena  Island  opens  liy  l''ort.  Point  ;  and  in  one  and 
■I  liiM' miles  VciIki  jtiiciia  i.jjriit,  on  the  south  end  of  the  island,  opens   hy    l''ort   Point.     At  the 


N'tin.  lull    Ahatra/  Li^dit  will  ho  oiiened 


ila  halt'  points  to  the  northward  of  this  last  ratij^u 


m-'*'^ 


m 


;4' -'.tl 


l'k; 


I'ACIKK^    ('i)ASI'    I'lI.nT. 


m 


m 

Sis: 


i,   /. 


m 


ifi 


tiM 


1111(1  will  lii';ir  iiDrlhi'asl  l>y  <  iisl  onc-qunrtiM'  i-ast  (NK.  liy  I'  ',  M.  or  X.  .W^  K.).    Tlii.s  will  scrvti 
a  clicik  on  tlio  I'duiso  tlu>  vossol  is  iiiakiii;?  in    (iio  .stron;:;  ciirrciits  {iciicially  t-iiconntcnMl  lici^ 
('oiiliniic  V(Mir  f(Piirs(>  until  in  niiil  c'laiiiu'l  bctwiMMi  I'nit  Point,  licarinj,' sdnllicast  liy  soiilli  (SI 


1)V  S.),  and  Lime  I'i.int,  liraiiiijr  noil 


)ii(' i|narti'r  west  (N.  \  \N'.),  wlicn  Ulntl'  Point,  at  the  lu 


Mil 


oast  ontranct'  to  Kaccoon  Strait,  will  lie  Just  oiiciu'd  south  of  Point  Cavallos,  and  Alcatraz  I, 


wil 


11  licar  nurtlii'Msi 


Ity  cast  tlii'(M'i|iiart('rs  oa 


St  (NK.  l.y  K.  ,'  !■:.).     I  111 


CSS  yon  arc  lainiliai'  witli  il 


icnl'allioni  ipassajicbct  wccn  I'ort  Point  and  llic  western  tail  of  the  Prcsidici  Slioal  do  not  a|iproa(  : 
I'ort  Point,  I'.it  change  your  cotirscto  cross  the  Presidio  Shoal  in  the  liest  water  en  the  hack  laiii: 
of  the  extremity  of  I'oint  jtialtlo  on  with  the  old  tower  of  Point  P.oncta  ;  or,  if  the  foi^  has  hiddc 
Point  I'loncta,  then  stecrcasf  liy  north  oneciiiarter  north  (11.  liy  N.  \  X.  or  X.  7<>  V..)  for  the  nmi: 
[loint.  of  Ycrlia  P.neiia  Island  and  i)oinlinu:  midway  lietween  lU.n'k  Point  and  Alcatra/,  Island 
linn  on  this  course  until  Alcalraz  hears  north,  then  haul  up  towards  t  lie  city  front.  ( >r,  if  da'  k  win' 
abreast  of  Fort  Point,  .steer  half  a  (loint   to  flic  northward  of  N'ciba  P.ncna  I.i.uhl.     'I'his  cmir . 

paSM'S  (MIC  ql 


liter  of  11  mile  to  the  no.  thward  of  the  Presidio  Slinal  llnov,  which  lies  in  three  ai 


a  half  fallioms  of  water;  and  over  the  Pre>idio  Slmal  is  imt  less  than  live  and  a  half  fathoms. 

Or,  alter  ii  vessel  has  passed  Fort  Point,  she  may  li.iul  nji  sharp  under  the  south  slioie  alion' 
half  il  mile  easinorthcast  (ICNF.)  from  I''ort  Point  until  Point  lioiicia  is  open  tun  thirds  ni  i 
jioint  11. nth  of  Fort  Point ;  jiass  alon;,'  the  south  side  of  the  tail  of  the  I'rcsidio  Shoal  in  nine  ci 
ten  fathoms  on  an  cast  by  north  three(piartcrs  mirth  (F.  by  N.  |'  N.)  course,  which  is  the  li:. 
Fort  Point  anil  north  jiointof  Verba  IJui'iia  Island,  seeiirin;;  a  ran;;c  on  the  t'ontrii  (.'osta  hill« 
Tins  ('(Mil  <c  is  ill  nine  to  luche  fathoms  of  water,  and  passes  nearly  midway  between  the  Prcsidi.' 
Shoal  I'liiny  .uid  the  Anita  liock  .Spindle.  (^Mltinue  to  the  aiichora^'c  oil'  IJlack  I'oint  in  from  .vi\ 
to  iiiiii>  falliHiis  o\er  coarse  sand  and  broken  shells.  This  track  h.is  one  fj;rcat  advantage:  ;i 
fog;,'y  wc  ulicr  the  smith  shore  is  clear  lon;,'cr  than  any  other. 

At  iiiiilif,  when  ciMiiin:.;'  fioiu  the  soiithw.ird,  biini;  Point  lloneta  Lijjht  to  bear  north  t! 


irce  (pi.ii 


ters  west  (X.  ',' W.)  and  steer  for  it  until  Ahatra/  Li-ht  is  opt  ncd  Just  north  of  I"(ut  Point  Li; 
iIkmi  i'Iiaii;^c  the  course  to  northeast  one(iiiiirter  north  (NF.  |  N.)  for  two  and  se\cn  eij;li,  .is  miles 
to  the  middh' of  till)  (b)lden  date  between  I,iaio  Point  and  I'oit  Point.  When  t  uo  miles  on  tin- 
course,  and  Just  south  of  Point  I  Hablo,  t  iie  Ycrlia  liiicna  l.iulit  will  be  opened  to  the  not  I  liward  ci 
Fort  Point  Lij;lit.  .\t  the  end  of  the  two  ami  seven  (■it;lillis  miles,  I'lnt  Point  laulil  will  li  ,i 
southeast  by  soiilli  i.SF.  (lyS.)a  little  o\er  half  a  mile  distant;  Alcatr.i/,  l,i;;ht  ea>t  iioi  tin  .i-; 
iieailv  (X,  til)  F.)  two  and  ti\c>i\tlis  miles  di.stant ;  ^■cl■b,l  Kiciia  l.ij^lit  c:ivl  three  (pi. ulcrs  iioi  i  i 
(F.  ;j' X.  or  N.  "^n^  F.)  live  and  twothiids  miles  distant  ;  and  Point  P.oncta  Iay:lit  we.st  sou(|i\\c^' 
(\V.S^V.  iM' S.  <p7  '  W.)  two  and  one  thud  miles  distant;  l.iinc  Point  will  lie.ir  noith  a  little  o\(i 
oiii'-tliiiil  ol'  11  mile  distant.     .Vt  this  |ioiut  change  the  cocise  lo  c.ist  liy  ihutl 


I  one  (piarlcr  mn  ; 


(F.  by  N.  \  X.)  iKarly  for  Vcro.i  ISiicn  i  la^jht,  with  Alcatra/  I,i;;lit  open  one  and  one  third 
to  the  northward.     Do  not  ^i>  to  the  southward  of  that  liearin;:,  and  cross  the  Presidio  .Sh 
live  and  a  lialf  fathoms.     Anchor  olf  Pdaek   Point 
Alcatra/,  Liuht  bears  north. 


Ill  se\('n   to  ten   fathoms,  ,-oft   liottom,   uh 


irth, 


illiir  is  Ihiik  III-  fiuj(jii,  steamers  ni.il>e  Point  Aim  N'lievo  I-'o;;  u  liistle,  and  when  ahn  ,ct 


cs,  wliicli  luiiiu.s 


of  it,  l.iy  il  c(Miis(^  iioitlnve>i  tliree(piai  ters  wi'>t  (NW.  '■\  W .]  for  i  wcnty-thicc  mil 

tliciii  three  miles  sppiaie  (Ml  Mont.iia  I'oint. in  tweiit\  tbnr  or  twent\  live  lathoms  over  bl.iek 

(>team  lMi;.'whi>tle  at    M(Mit.irai.     From  this  ]iosiiion  the  Whist  liii;,'  P.no\-  oil'  the  liar  in   n: 

fathoms  will  beariioiili  thiriy  t wo  dc-ices  wc^t  (N.  ;1J- \V.)  distant  foiirti en  miles;   Poim  |;.i 

Lii:ht  and  Steam  I'o;;  >iren  north  ciuht  de;;rei 

cd;;(^  of  the  bar  at  l!ie  .South  ('haniiel  (Mi  the  ^ 

weather  is 


ind  t 


■;t  (X.  S     W .)  seventeen  mih 

bearing' distant  cIcv.mi  and  a  half  m.les. 


le  soiltlic  I : 


II 


■;.\  ihiik.do  not  appro.nh  the  shore  iii  less  than  ten  fathoms,  but  when  in  leu  fatli(rii,.> 
on  the  outer  edLje  of  the  bar  wail  until  the  I''o;;-siren  on  Point  Icincta  is  heard,  ^ct  its  bc.iriim' aivl 
ciossthc  b.ir  with   the  lead  .i;oinff;  or,  for  safety,  head   to  westward  in  not    less  than  ten  I. ill,.': 


or  aiiciuM 
as  seen  in  a 


If  the  master  has  a  knowh  (l;,'e  of  the  currents  and  the  peculiarities  of  hIi 


to.;  wh 


n  It   lilts  at   times,  he  iiia\  run   lor  the 


■I. I   I'oj;  siren  bearing-  mill 


ii'st  (N'.  h  \V.|,  (  ro>sin.i,'  the  b.ir  in  not  less  than  livi>  aiid  '  hree  (piarteis  l.dhoms,  until 


iiilc  siMitlr. 


deepens  to  liltceii  fathoms.     This  will  place  a  vessel  (ive-cii:htlis  ot  a  n 

west  {SW.  ,'  \\ .)  Irum  I  lie  mid  channel  position  lietween  the  Heads,  w  hcic  there  is  ninel. ,  n  latl 


t  hrceipiaiiei  ■ 


If  in  doubt,  anciior  at  once;  ifsaiistied  with  Mnir 


»now  ledj^e  of  the  Ibree  and  din 


'Clillll   111 


■nrrents,  etc.,  sleer  northeast  onc-ci;:hth  north  (NF.  i  N.)  Ibr  three  and  one  tl  ird  miles  to  the 
if  the  (lc)ldcn  dale.      Iiiit  ,iii\  donliliir  hesitation  w  ill  lead  lo  d.iii^cr  and  [icrlmps  loss,  as 


I'ACII'IC    COASI     I'll.OT. 


21  ■ 


I  111)'  Costa  liira.     Tlii'iic*'  tlif  course  is  iiorlli  scvfiit.v  six  dcjircos  cast  (N.  7fP  E.  or  l'..  I>,v 


(■.|--r  II 

N      \.).  crossiiij 


lilt'  I't'csiilio  Shoal  liil^ir  in  not  less  tliaii  live  and  a  liaif  I'atlioniM. 


hi  ilu'  liiii'li  suninitT  lojis  tin'  sinailcr  coastiiii;  sicaiiicrs  from  tin-  lower  coast  ports  sonietitncs 
licacli  nortii  of  I'oint  San  INiiro  wiliiin  a  niilf  to  catcii  ;:llniiiscs  of  tlic  land,  and  round 


liilliiNV  I  lie 


IlK' 


Seal  Koi'Ks  anil  I'oint  I, olios  at  lialflliat  distance,  sonii'tiincsjnd^inj;  of  tiicir  proxiinity  to  tlie 
l.ittri  li\  the  roarin;;  ot  the  sealions  on  the  Seal   HocKs.     If  the  ehh-cnrrent  is  v«'r.v  slront;,  they 
ie  the  Mile  IJocksand  follow  the  shore  towards  I'ort  I'oint.  taking;  adsantaf^c  of  the  eddy 


|i:l»^  in-^ii 


rill!.  Ill  elsewhere  referred  to.  and  irv  to  catch  the  sound  of  llie  fo};  liell.     Wlieii  the  siiinnier  fo^'S 
iiv  iiiiiisMally  heavy  and  prolou^jed,  vessels  inusl  take  these  chanceH  oi   lie  ontside  for  days,  and 


1111,-^1 11 


Iv  weeks. 


>ii 


I  since  the  jilacin 


if  the  steam  foi'W  liisth'  on  l,ime  I'oint,  it   is  sater  to  run  for  the  lloneta 


i'.w  -11(11  on  the  north  half  west  or  north  three  ipiarters  west  (N.  I  \\'.  or  N.  |  W.)  course  until  a 
,|i|.!  ji  (if  twenty  fathoms  is  olitained.  when  I'oint  IJom'ta  should  lie  iiearl.N  seveii-ev'hlhs  of  a  mile 
iii>i,iiil :  chaiij^c  the  conrse  to  northeast  one  tliiitl  east  (NM.  :\  Iv)  for  twd  and  twolhirds  miles  to 
■  lie  iiiiddle  of  the  (ioldcn  date,  when  Lime  I'oint  will  lie  one  third  of  a  mile  north,  lint  the 
\^l^,^lll' on  Limi^  I'liint  will  lie  lieaul  when  alireasi  of  I'oint  iJoneta,  and  if  the  vessel  ;;t'ts  too  closti 
III  liic  shore  between  I'oint  lloneta  and  roini  IHalilo,  the  sound  of  the  Lime  I'oint  whistle  will  lie 


cm  <i\ 

111'  llic  (I 


I  li\  I'oint  Uialilo,  and  she  must  haul  out  and  run  liy  the  hearing' of  'he  whistle.    The  force 


irrcnts  must  he  allowed  for  as  caret'iilly  as  piaclicalile. 


"S. 


.^AII.lNC    DIUl.CTKiNS   Wlll'.N   ('(iMI.Nii    FUdM    I  IIK    WKSTWAIJI). 


(■(iiiiiii;;'  from  the  west  waul  in  the  parallel  of  the  .Souilieast  I'aiallon,  vessels  in  very  clear  weather 
iii>i  iii;ikc  M  on  11 1  Tainalpais  (the  highest  peak  of  the  coast  r,int;c  to  the  m  nth  ward  of  the  « I  olden 

(i.lU  .    1. 
iiL;lil(rn  I 


iiiicrly  called  'i'alile   .Mountain  i.  u  lien   tliiit\  ti\c    miles  oiil-i,  e  the   l''aialloiies ;  then  at 
iiiles  ontside  arc  raised  in  siicicssion   Mount  Helena,  Moiiiit  Dialilo,  Montara  .Mdiintain, 


riiiiii  liCsc' 


ll( 


San    llriiiio    Mdiintaiii,  The   I' 


iiiis,  etc, 


■al  islet  with  the  l-i;:hl  I 


iiill-<e  (III   the   siiliimit. 


T 


Till    Siiutliiiist    I'linilliiti  is  made  as  a 
lei'c  are  se\cral   lower  summits  on  the 


d.iinl.  iiiakin;;  it  apjiear  as  a  cluster  ot  islets.     In  t:iiod  weather  vessels  may  pass  ii  to  the  north- 
aril  m  southward  in  twenty  fathoms;  luit  in  pa>sinu  to  the  northward  of  it  avoid  approaching 

one- 

ics  south  I  weiityll\  (■ 

\   se\  ell 


llir  Miilille  I'aralloii.  a  veiy  small  roi'kv  islet,  liecaii>c  thiie  \\v<  oil'  it  a  rock  lia\  iim'  live  and 


ijIKUt 


lallioms  upon  it,  with  Iliirteeii  faihoms  armind  it.      I'liis  >nnkeii  mck  1 


i|c:;iic^  wist    (S.  \l'i 


\N  .)  t  wotifths  of  a   mile   irniii   the   Midillc  I'aiallon,  and   north  si\t 


stiN.tiT    \V.)t^ 


oami  liiree  tenths  mih's  tidiii  the  Li^^hthouse  on  the  Southeast  faial 


'nil.    Willi  a  verv  lartre  swell    it    lireaks  at    iiileivals  on   this  rock.      A    vcs> 


may  safely  ji.iss 


.Iwniitlic  Middle  and  Souilieast  I'aralh 


11  lliiilN  si\  I'lthoms  ot  uater.      liiit  il  is  pret'eiah 


'111  ;i(U  i^aiilc  to  pas>  111  the  sou  Ih  ward  of  the  .Sdiithcasi  I'aralldii,  especi.ills  in  i.;;ht  airs,  in  I  hick 
iMilnT.  or  at  iiiiiht.  Do  not,  howcM'r,  appi'o.icli  this  islet  within  a  mile,  liccause  a  six  t'allioui 
'ik  li.i<  licen  disco veifd  l.\  inj:  li\'e ciLihtlis  of  a  mile  souilieast  from  the  l,i;;lil,  iipdii  w  liicli  liea\y 
■Aills  liri'ak.  When  the  .Middle  I'aralloii  can  lie  seen  (  lear  dii  eillicr  side  of  the  .Smitheast  I'ar.il- 
11 ,1  vessel  IS  (lear  ol   thisdaiit^er.     From  the  Southeast  I'.iiallon  la^lit  ihecouiseto  the  Whist- 


I'lUiA  outride  Sail   Francisco  liar  in  titleeii  t'alliuu 


IS    11(11  II 


i\l>  de;iiees  east  (N.  till    K.  or 


M'.. 'u  1!.  ;  !■;.)  and  the  distance  sixteen  and  a  half  miles,  with  ic;;ulai  liot loin  of  };ray  sand  sho 


:riiiiL  lli.i  ;\  to  llfteeii  fathoms. 


'riii>  Wlii.slliiiij  //Kdl/,  elsew  lure  dcsci  ilied,  li 


the  ran;;eot  I'm t  roint  and  Alcalra/  Island 


,'lit 


^,;iiiil.  under  ordinarv  coiidiiioiis  tif  refraction,  the  latter 


the  hiiiher.     I'idiii  the  Whist 


ii;;  k 


ii(i\   the  coiiisc  acioss  tlieli.ir  ill   iinl    less  than   li\ c  and  a  hall   I'alhoius  to  the  mid  cliaiinel 


''i>iliiiii  ln'M\een  the  llead.s,  is  norlheast  three  ipiai  lers  east  iM'..  ,'  ICiand  the  distance  seven  and 
liriiM|iiariers  mih's.  'I'his  coiiise  p.issesthe  Inside  II, ir  I'.uoy  in  li\e  and  one ciuhili  miles  fnuii 
ill' ^Mll■^;llll}J  HiidV.     Km  the  licsi  w.Ucr  across  the  bar  is  li>  the  Main  N/(//»  Cliiuiiul.  leaviii;;  llie 


HIii.Mlui^  l!iio>  one  mile  to  the  snail 


I  w  .11(1  and  ciossiii;;  the  li.ir  lu  li\  c  .iiid  llircc  ipiai  ters  I, it  hums 


'II  a  11(11  iKi  ,iNt  hy  cast  one  t|iiarler  east  (Ni;.li\  II.  |  I',.)  I'oiii.sc,  and  passing  the  Inside-liar  Uiioy 
"I'l'iiici  111  a  mile  on  the  starboard  hand,  ("diitiniieon  Ihecnur.se  liy  raiiK'''*  "ulil  I'oiiit  lloneta 
■'•^''^  '"■•II'  Ill  tliree(|iiarters  west  (N,  ,'  W  )  with  Alcatra/  and  Fort  I'oint  I.ijihts  in  ratine  or 


Mi 


"ilK-D,  lest   Alcatra/.  I.i;;lit   lie  hidden  liehind    Foil    I'oint.     I'roai  I 


lis  .loint  steer  nortluasi 


'""■'imit'i  north  (Ni;.  |  N.)  which  will  curry  a  vessel   through  the  (Ioldcn  (iate  nearly  midway 
Wttfui,  1  ,,|t  i'„jm  .,,,,1  i^j,,,^^,  i>,„„,      ic  ,1^.  j.„n-eiits  tend  to  force  a  ve.s.sel  oil  her  course  she  may. 


218 


I'ACiriC    COASI     I'll.Ol'. 


ill  (lavtimc  iiiid  clcir  wt'iitlitT,  it-ailily  iiiaiiilaiii  il  li.v  Kccpiii},'  hvv  raii^;t's,  iif  winch  tlic  islands, 
IHHiits,  and  C'lMitia  Costa  Iiills  on  the  riiitlitT  sidf  tit'  Hit-  liay  ;;iv('  aiiv  iiiiinln'r.  Keep  (ilcar  of  llic 
t'tiui  ^rtpiiiid  (itV  I'ml  roinl.and  wlicii  tlic  l,ij;ii?  ini  il  hears  soiillicast  lt\  soiilii  {SK.  by  S.i  ainl 
Alcatra/.  I.if:lil  licars  cast  norllicasi  ncailv  ( l!N  I),  nr  N.  <I('i  !■;.).  cliaii;;c  tlic  coiiisc  to  the  iiinili 
point  ot'  Veilia  liiiciia    Island  hcaiinj;  iioilli  sc\cntvsi\  devices  ca 


>l  (N.  7(.  '  !■'..  or  !•;.  Iiv  N.  ',  N. 


and  poiiilMiu   nil 


Iwav  lictui'cn  illack  i'oiiit  and  Alcaliaz  Island;  or.  il'  dark,  siccr  diicctl.v  I'lH. 


lialt'a  point  to  the  noilliward  of,  \cilia  riiiciia  l.iulil.  'I'liis  coiiise  passes  o\er  deep  water  one 
ipiaiterot'  a  mile  to  the  iioilliwaid  of  llie  i'lcsidio  .Shoal  r.iio.\.  which  lies  in  ihicc  and  a  h.ih 
I'allioiiis.  and  over  (lie  I'residio  Shoal  in  not  less  than  li\  e  and  a  hall'  lathoins. 

( tr,  aller  a  \  essel  has  passed  I'oit  Point,  she  nia\  (as  a  head  \  diiccled  under  the  head  ol  Sallmj 
Dirt  c!i<Mis  when  coining  Iroin  the  siiiilhwarii)  haul  up  iiniler  the  south  shore  alioiit  hall' a  in  :. 
cast  iinrilit.isi  Iron  I'oil  I'oint  nnlil  I'tiiiit  lltmela  is  open  \  >  thirils  ti!'  a  pitint  iiorlhol  I  m: 
I'oinI  :  pass  ;d 
on  an  ca>I    1>\ 


i>ii;4  the  south  sitle  til'  the  tail  of  the  rresiilio  Shoal  in  nine  tir  It'll  Cat litiins  ol  w . 
iinrlli  Ihree  ipiai  lei  s  niiilli  A'..  Ii\  N.  ,'  N.icoiir-  lulneii  isihe  line  of  l''oii  I'. 
a  I  It  I  iioilli  point  of  Veilia  Itin  na  IslantI).  securing:  a  ian;:i'  on  Ihe  <  'out  la  <  'osia  hills.  This  cui 
is  in  nine  In  I  weh  e  I'al  horns  of  w  alcr,  ami  pas.-cs  neai  l.\  miih\a.\  liel  ween  the  I'rcsnlio  Shoal  I; 
ami  llie  Aiiila  Knck  Spimile.  ('oiilinne  lo  ihe  aiiciioraue  oil  I'dacK  I'tniil  in  from  six  lo  i 
falhoiiis,  soft  lioiiom.  tir  oil  llie  iiorlh  face  i^f  llie  sea-wall  al  NtPith  I'oint  in  ei;;hl  to  nine  lailn 
t>ver  coarse  sa!ii|  and  lirolicii  shells. 

If  the  ueallicr  is  li.id.  liiit  the  liai  is  iiol  ln'cakiiiL;  too  lie.iv  il.\ ,  it  ma.\   he  erossetl  h\  the    '>! 
Ship  <  liaiinel  li.\   laKiii;;  t «!' or  three   hreaUers.      We   have  ciossctl   il    sc^fial    limes  wiien    ii 


lireakilii;  ;   in  one  ease  a  \  t  r v  l.n,L;f 
inu  to  ami  was  conn. IctcK  ell'cctivc 


iwsei  was  lowtti  aslcrii  lo  pre\eiil  tlie  sleamer  from 


mlim;   iHi.'f.i  I  idNs  \\iit:N  iiiMIm;   ii;iim    iiii:  noim  iiwksiw  ai;|). 


m 


in  J 


'i^iil 


m 


Coining;  frtiiii  ihc  iioi  iliwest  u  aid.  \  cssels  iiisi  make  I'tiint  K'txcs   lleail  ami    lauhl  in  laliimli 
,'fS'  (M)'.  loii;;ilinlf  il';;    (11.  ami  p.tss  il  a  I  a  tlislaiicc  of  liom  tnie  lo  ihiee  miles  in  t  went  \   lo  lliirl\ 


li\  c  fallioiiis  of  waiei.  or  e\  en  fill  I  licr  out.      It   the   iitirlliwesl 


I  mil   IS  li;;ht,  a  sailiiifT  v 


cssel    ii,,i\ 
i.issllii;  llie 


lose  iMiicli  tif  il  li\  passiii;;  the  |ioint  nearer  than  two  miles.     'Ihe  swell  tleerease^  aller  | 

point:  ami  ihis  isa\er.\   iii.irketl   feature   thai  mav  he  taken  ail\aiitaj;e  of  in  thick  weal  hei.     .\\ 


the  seasiiii  of  freslieis  ill  tile  Sacraimiiio  lliver  the  water  iiinlei   I'oini   l.'eves  nia\ 


tirctlwiih   the   M'Uow    nialeiial   in    siis|pcnsioii,  ami    Ihis  iliseoloralion   somciii 
iiorthwan!  of  I'oint  Iliyes. 

I'loin    I'ollil    l;e\es   jlcail  tlie  \\  hjslljli;:   I'.lloX   olV  I  lie  har  hears  solll  ||  SeVclll  \    I  liree  il 


lie  liilliii  ili-i'ii! 
lies   cxlcllds    In   llii 


e-recsi,i>I 


loiiis,  siiiitli  se\  i'ni\  luiii- 


(S.  To  i:.  I  W(iil\  1  wo  miles  disiaiil ;  l>ii\hiir\  liccf  I'.iiov .  in  I  w  eh  c  fal  1 
dejiit'cs  easi  S.  7;t  M.  i  ei^^litecii  miles  tlistant:  Soniheasi  i''arallon  l.i^hl  lioiise.  south  I  uiiii\ 
tle;;rees  cast  |S.  L'n  \].i  seviiilecn  ami  a  half  miles:  ami  Noontla\  l.'ock  soiilli  h>  west  (S.  !i\  W  . 
folllleeii  '•iilcs.  il  the  weather  is  hiii  a  xesscl  neeil  not  run  lor  the  \\  hislliiif;-  Kuov,  hiil  l-<n  .i 
course  Jiisi  oiiisiile  l»ii\hni\  It'eef  l',iio\  ami  cross  the  I'oiir  lallioiii  Itank  near  tin'  hmi\  mi  in 
western  end  in  four  ami  Ihicc  tpiailcis  failioiiis;  ami  thence  run  a  roiiise  to  the  niiil  cliainiei  pesi 
tioli   helweeii  the   lleails  ami   llirou,L:li    the  tiohlcn   (late,   as  tietailetl    iimlcr  the   head   of   S.iiliii" 


hiiecljolis  u  hen  lomiii;^  from  I  he  soul  iiw  aid   ami  lioin  the  wi  sl\\; 


Keel'  l!uo\    I 


colll'se  if  Ihc  \\ealher  is  eh 


When  up  w  ilh  ilic  |)i 


If  iiioiinlains  soiilh  of  the  «loldcij  (l.itc  will  j;i\e  ;;ootl  raiiucs  for  Ihc  keep 


im  on  iin 


If  the  har  is  liea\  \  ii  is  not  ailvisal 


athiiiii  Itank.      W 


lie   lo  cross  il    lic.ir  Ihc  hllov    on   the  West   ellil  of   lln     I'mll 


leii    ahreasi    of  this   hiio\,  ami   tiiilMilc   llic   har.  inn    to  the  sonlhwaii 


lllfct of  llie  WlHslliii^  liii, 


.Mcatia/    Isl.iml  will    he    risl   opelietl   out    lo   the  soul  lii' .11' 


I'oini  r.oiiela  when  a  vessel   has  iiiii  ahoul  one  ip'arlcr  of  a   mile  on  this  course;  coiitiiiii 


iilil 


Alcaliaz  Isia 


I  liahlo  (Llini'  I'nilil    I 


ml  IS  seen  sipiaiflv    In    Ihe  middle  of  ihc  (iolih  li  dale,  hctwi'cu   l'"orl    I'ollil  :il,il  I'i'llil 


cm;;  still   elosetl    in    hehiml    the   lallci  i.  w  lien    I  he  \\  hisl  Iiii.l;    H 


helwccn  solll  II  ami  soiilh  soiilhwest.  accoiilili;:  to  1 1 


il  lii'.ir 


taut.     At   this  point   cliaii;;c  Ihe  course  hir  Point  i.ohos.  I 


If  tlislaiicc  from  the  har.  ahoiit   twom 


(!•:.  hy  N.  !  N.).  ami  If 


learili;;- cast   hy  licrtll  one  tpiar'ci    !i"lll 


e  ilet'liest   water    in    the    M.iill  .Ship  ('halinel    across    the  har  will 


.'cariiiir.      Keep  on   this  course  imiil  the  water  ileepeiis  lo  ci-ht  ami  a  tpiarler  falhoii 
miles  inside  tlic  har.  or  iiiiiil  the  south   point  of  Alcatra/  Islainl 
then  (•haiiiic  ,\  our  conisciothat  raii-e.  mirth  (ili\  four  tlc'^rccs  east  (N..-)!     K 
run  for  the  uiitl  channel  posititiu  hetween  the  llcatls. 


comes  III  raime  w  ill 


ImI 


'iiii: 


or 


Ni; 


n    tll< 


s 

1 .1>I 

\ 

iniii' 

w 

■\A\ 

•,\ 

\V. 

t 

II  ii^ 

•i 

1„K, 

-in 


I'.-ii 
II  ill' 

ii  iiiit 
,1  r,.iui 

III  -    ill- 

,,i,  !li:ll 
,,  ,1   I 'A' 

■   I'l'iii!: 
1    ,  .mil 


PACinc    CnAsI     I'IMtT.  21'J 

Or  wlicn  inside  tlii'  liiir  in  seven  liitininis  lav  a  ednisc  ilireci  lor  Aleatia/,  Isianil  Ia<;lit  benrint; 

I I,  tifiv  ei^'lit  decrees  east  (N.."»,S    K.  <ir  N  I'-,  lis  I"..  '  ll.j.ainl  inn  until  Point  I'.oneta  Li;;tit  lieais 

111,1 ;  I.  ^ivt.v  live  ile^'iees  west  (N.  <>">  '  W.  or  NW.  Ii.v  \N'.  •,  W.).     'I'lien  steer  tliron;;li  the  iiiitlille  ot" 
ih,'  (iiiiden  Uato  Cor  I'oint  Ulunt,  the  sontheast  head  of  Anyel  Island,  heaiinf;  northeast  half  nnrth 
Ni..  .',  N).    (.'(Mitinne  as  de.serihed  nnder  the  head  of  Diieetions  when  eondn;;  troin  the  sontlnvanl 
ami  lioni  the  westward. 

ll  the  leather  is  very  tliicN  and  I'oint  Ue.ves  has  lieen  made  hv  thefou'  whistle,  shajie  a  course 
l,,r  ihe  Whistliri;,'  i5ni>,v  (i>r  the  '•  llnll")  otV  the  liar.  The  onl.v  flanp-r  (Mi  this  eonise  is  that  the 
iiiiiiiil  Mia.v  set  a  vessel  in  towards  Diisltnrv  l{eef;  to  unard  ■i;:ainst  this  eiinlin;;eiH'\  keep  tlie 
Ic. id  'join;;  and  do  not  inn  into  less  than  t  weiit.N  lathmiis  ol  water  niitil  w  ithiii  lour  niiles  <if  the 
W  lii^iliii;:  Kno\ ,  when  il  shoals  up  \er\  ::radnall\  to  lilieen  laiiioin^  at  thelniov .  When  the  Inioy 
is  iii.idi  ,  rro^s  the  liar  with  the  sound  ol  Ihe  wlii>lie  iieaiin;;  .--onlliwesl  (S\\  .;:  and  when  across, 
,iiiil  ihc  walci  dccjiciis  lo  seven  fat  hoiiis,  steer  a  iioilheasi  liy  east  ( N  M.  Ii\  Iv)  eoiiise  niitil  von 
liciii  ihi'l'oiiit  l!oiieta  I'o^' siren.  A  stranuei'  slionid  not  atleiiijil  to  do  an,\  more  than  cross  the 
li.ir  .Hid  I'll  II  into  ten  tat  horns  and  anehoi'.  8oinetiines  Ihe  I'o^'  docs  not  lie  on  the  water,  I  nit  olijccls 
mil'  liiiiidrcd  to  one  hundred  and  llftv  feet  lii;;:li  can  I'c  seen  under  it.  In  such  a  ca>e  I'oiiil  I'loncta 
mill  llic  l.ii;hl  lionsc  ma.v  lie  visilile,  and  a  vessel  may  miter  on  Ihe  iisnal  course  alter  I'oint  iJonela 
\>i\\\-  iioi'lli  three  ijiiarteis  west  ( N.  ,'  W.)  and  the  \  cssel  is  in  mid  chaniic!  I'ct  ween  I'oint  Lolios  and 
I'diiii  Uoiieta. 

SAILINti    DIIIKCTION'S   l-"01l    VI-;.SSKI.S    KNTKRINii    IIV    llli;    lldNKIA    CIIANNf.L. 

ii  the  Itar  is  hieakiii;;  too  heavily  to  lie  risked,  the  only  enl  ranee  is  liy  the  l!oiieta  Channel 
«itli  ric.ir  weatiier ;  hiii  c\en  here,  when  in  the  narrowest  jiail,  the  vessel's  coiiise  is  for  a  short 
nine  liiii.idside  to  the  lai^e,  short  swell  that  has  passed  o\  ei  the  I'"onrl'atlioin  I'.aiik.  It  would  ll^^ 
il.iii-i-i oils  lor  a  sailiii;^- vessel  to  attempt  it  with  liylit  winds;  Init  close  under  the  hi;;li  clill's  for 
li\('  miles  northwest  of  I'oint  lloneta  there  is  ancliin'a;.:e  in  northwest  winds  in  ei^lil  to  ten  fatli- 
"ins,  (i\  cr  an  even  liottoni  of  tine  sand,  .shells,  and  in  some  places  nind.  We  ha\  e,  howcv  rr,  pas.sed 
iliiiiii;,li  llie  Ijoneta  Channel  in  a  sailing;  vessel,  with  a  moilciaic  westerly  wind,  li(nn  aii  aneluir- 
,!;;(•  il.inm'ioiisly  close  nnder  theclilfs  nc.ir  l-'iank's  \allc.\  (ls."»|). 

.\  vessel  Iroin  liie  northwest,  ImiiiiiiI  lliioii;;h  ihe  Hnneta  Channel,  should  make  the  Dnxlmiy 
Ki'i'l  lliiov.  Isin^  III  twcixe  fathoms  one  and  one  lillli  miles  st.iillnast  (.SI-;.)  I'rom  the  westernmost 
|i,irl  111  till'  reel',  and  then  steer  east  liy  iinrih  if).  Ii\  N.)  lor  the  hi^h  miinniain  one  and  two  thirds 
iiiirs  horlh  ol  r.oncta,  w  itli  I'onil  Itoiiet.i  lieaiin^j  one  point  to  the  sonthw  aid  of  thai  course,  (let 
I  i,iiii;i'  of  the  rocky  shore  aheail  with  the  Iiil;1i  hind  liclmid  il  and  keep  ii  on.  This  I'oiiise,  ea.st 
i\  iinilli  (K.  by  N.),  will  carry  a  vessel  over  an  almost  le\cl  liotlom  of  tv\clve,  eleven,  ten,  and 
:  iiir  latlioms  with  line  ;;ray  sand  near  the  bank  and  shore.  ( 'oniiiuie  the  course  until  Iaiiic  Moniil- 
iiiuiiiss  is  shut  in  behind  I'oiiil  lioncta  and  Hie  wind  null  on  the  niutlieast  side  of  I'oint  Lobo.s 
miiis  III  i.iii^e  with  Itlne  .Moiinlaiii,  the  liist  lii^h  peak  west  of  Lone  Mountain.  (iSee  view 
i|i|ii'iii|ril.i  When  this  ran^'e  is  reaciied  the  vessel  is  in  nine  laihonis  of  waler,  with  nine  and  ii 
.ii.ntii  fallioms  inside  her  position;  clian;;c  the  course  and  inn  in  on  that  i'an<;i'  w  itiiont  tail. 
i'tiiiit  r.mn't.i  will  bedislant  two  miles  and  open  hall  a  point  to  the  east  w  aril.  This  ian;;c  be;u'.s 
■until  siMv  lliree  and  one  half  decrees  cast  (S.  (l.U     1^  or  Sfl.  Ii\  I).  ;  K.),  and  will  c.iiry  a  vessel 


lii(iii;.;li  the  deepest  watci  (d   the  l!onei,i  Channel  and 


if  all  d.iii 


If  tlic  raii;;e  ol'  the  lulls  is  hidden  by  mist,  lot;,  or  smoke,  the  Kcd  liiiov .  which  has  recently 


I'cii  jil.ici'd  to  mark  the  cMicme  northern  liinil  of  tlie  I'oiii  I'alhom  11. ink 


led  as  the  northwest 


-ill' III  ilic  entrance  to  Ine  lioncta  Channel.  ina>  lie  used.  Il  lies  six  and  a  qiniilcr  inilcf.  north 
!  .;lii\M\cn  decrees  east  (N.  ST  !■;.)  from  the  I»ii\bnr,v  Uccf  Ibioy,  that  is,  in  twelve  fathoms.  This 
'lui.v.ilcsi'iilicd  on  pa^es  P.tL'aiid  LMi."i,  is  placed  in  .seven  and  a  (jiiarter  fathoms  of  w;iterat  a  distaiKto 
il  li\r  fi^lillis  of  a  mile  from  the  nearest  shore;  anil  a  vcssid  may  run  from  the  Dnxbiiiy  IJeef  Ibioy 
iiiii  vuiiise  cast  half  north  (10.  .\  N.)  for  six  miles  in  not  less  than  ei^ht  and  three  ipiailers  fathoms 
"t  wiiii'i,  until  this  red  bnov   bears  soiiiheasi  distant  iicailv  half  a  mile,     rassiny-  this  biiov  on  the 


-lailni.iiil  hand  at  a  distance  of  three  liniidicd  v.iids.  the  course  tliron;;h  the  cliaiin 


el  is  south  sixty- 


li\i' lit'- 1  ITS  east  (S.  (),')  '  10.)  for  one  and  three  ipiariers  mile: 


ri 


IIS    p.is.- 


■s  the  black  bnov  on  tlio 


•^linrc  s|,li.  ,,|'  (|„.  ehaniiel  at  a  distance  of  iliree  hnndred  vards  on  the  port  hand  at  three  lil'tlis  of 
■iiiiili' I'luiii  the  led  bnov.  and  passes  the  red  and  lilack  striped  bnov  on  the  eastern  end  of  the  four- 
'■illiiiiii  I'.ank  at  a  distance  of  three  hnndred  yards  on  Ihe  starboard  hand  at  seven  ci;;liths  of  ji 
mil'' iViiiii  the  black  buoy ;  and  it  deal  s  t  he  rocks  nnder  I'oint  Iiomt.i  l,i^;ht  house  iieaily  three 
Immlicd  .v.uds,  uud  tUreetigUthd  of  a  luile  from  the  red  and  bla»:k  striped  buoy. 


•':'  '^ 


'  «if'    i 


fl 


?S'Ui 


Vili: 


m'^^i 


22(1  TACIKIC   COAST    I'll.oT. 

If  (lie  cnvii'iit  1)(>  Hood  tlironsli  the  cliiuiiu'l,  llicrc  will  (ioiildlrss  he  a  It'iKlvncv  to  set  ii  vosx 
voiy  slit;liil\  towiinls  llic  slioiv.  iiml  llio  licavy  swfll  will  (crtiiiiilv  Ihmvc  :i  ncsscI  lowaiils  Hk 
slioit';  if  the  ciinciil  tic  flilt  tiir(iii.^li  tlif  clianiicl,  tiiiT(>  will  in- soiiic  IciMJfiir.v  to  set  a  vrss, 
towards  ilic  eastern  end  of  tlit'  Four fatlioiii  P.ank,  with  the  .swell  hea\  in;;  her  inshore,  so  that  ih 
ran;ie  must  lie  eloselv  followed  until  the  vessel  is  ]iast  I'oint  I'.oneta,  and  eonlinned  to  mid  eliannr! 
when  she  will  tie  inside  the  Meads  and  may  shape  her  eoiiise  as  elsewhere  directed.  OraIN 
passinu-  I'oinI  lioiicta  coniinne  on  the  ran;;e  until  l'"ort  I'oint  and  ilie  iiorlli  iioinl  of  Nerlia  limn. 
Island  iiic  ill  raii;:c  and  hcai  inu'  east  liy  north  three  qnailcis  noi  lli  ;  )•:.  li\  N.  ,'  N.^  <  'liaii;;e  ||, 
eonisc  to  this  latter  ranj;e  and  rmi  until  the  sontlieast  jioiiit  of  .\ii;;;('l  Island  d'oinl  rdnnl)lie:M 
fnortli  (Nil.  .1,  N.i:  steer  for  it  until  the  ohl   tower  on    I'oiiil    lioiicia   is  mi  with  tin 


noriheasi  lial 


exih   iiil.\  ot  roint  I  tialilo,  and  fluMi  follow  previous  directions. 

It'  the  Inruard  raii^'c  for  the  lioneta  ("lianiud  (tlie  windmill  on  the  iiort  lieasi  side  cif  I'min 
liolios  on  with  Idue  Monntain)  can  not  ll(^  distinctly  made  out,  the  liacU  ran;;i'  for  the  same  eliiin 
iii'l  may  lie  ii.sed  instead:  it  is  <;cni'rally  nunc  disiinel  than  the  fuiwaid  iaii;;e.  This  tiacK  i.in-c 
i.s  Kockv   Point   on   with   the  apparent   hij^liest   summit  of  the    I'oint    l.'cus   i;id;;e.     (See  aciom 


]iail,\  in;;  \  lew. 


Ii'oekv  I'oint  lies  six  miles  west  norlhwest  i  W.  NW.;  from  I'liint   lioneta  I.i; 


In  iiortliweslerly  wi'ather  ttie  ap|iroaithes  to  the  lioneta  Channel  are  smooth  even  iltlie  I^'mir 
faitiom  liaiik  is  tireakin;;  heavily. 

It  is  assi'i'led  that  the  current  in  the  lioneta  riiannel  runs  llood  when  the  cnircnt  |i,isi  l'<'iiii 
lioiiela  is  (till.     One  examination  verilicd  this  as  to  the  surface  current. 

Aliiiniid  hiiii/  tlw  I'liir  ill  lliitnj  Snutlinisl  W'talliif. —  In  approaidiin;;  the  liar  from  the  .voH/Zn/.i,  / 
and  instiraiil  in  heavy  southeast  weather  when  it  is  iinsate  to  cross  it  on  account  uf  its  lircakin-, 
vessels  arc  :;cnerally  atile  to  make  out  the  la\  of  the  Iaiide\cii  lliriiii;;li  ttie  rain  or  IliicU  iii)^l\ 
atmosplieie.     ('omin;:lr(ini   tlie  south   tticy  can   pass  half  a   mile  inside  the  Whistlini;'  lluo\ ,  ,;iiil 


th 


lencc  steer  a  conrse  due   noi'th    in  t\v<'l\e   and  ele\en    falliolnsol    water  for   three  and  a  him:  Ii'i 


mil 


I'S  :  or  nil 


lil  the  lilack  l>no\   just  oil'  tlic  west  end  i  I'  the  I'mir  fathom  Hank  is  in  tin 


lionela   I.i.uhi  house  ;iml  Alcaira/.   island    l.iulil  lioii.se  and   licaiiiiu   north  si\t\  tivetle 


e  u  nil  \\,:u\ 


\Ul<  1  ,I>I 


'faille  .Mountain  i  is  nsnalh 


(N.  (i.">~  K.I,  distant  live  fi;;liths  of  a  mile.  Mount  Tainalpais  ^.i 
with  clouds  in  rainy  weather.  Init  if  it  should  he  \isilile  when 
stci'i' for  Itie  easti'rn  peak  foralionl  ti\(' miles,  liaulin.u' ;;radiiall\  to  the  eastward  in  ten  latin 


\iiii  ;.rc  iiisii|( 


the  Whivtlin"-  l; 


water  wiih  I  lie  Ineakiii;;  liar  on  the  stailioard  Iieam  as  a  ;;o(m1  "iii 


.\fler   passin;;'  I  lie 


\M    -lllll 

Four  I'alhnm  liank  Iliioy.  and  lieiiiLi'  in  eleven  or  twcKc  J'alhomsof  water,  steer  iiorlli<'ast  li\  i  a.>l 
halt'  cast  I  N  I".  li\  F..  .\  \-]. ,  fur  t  wo  and  se\eii  eiuhtlis  miles  in  ten  to  nine  fathoms  of  w  alcr  niin!  llie 


I  two  thirds  miles  north  of  liuiiela  lieai.- 


easl  li\  iidilh  three  tpiallers  north 


lil;:li  lilll  one  am 

N.  ■','  N.  ,  and  then  sieer  for  it  one  and  lliice  ei;;liths  miles  in  nine  t'.illionis  un  .er  the  lireakiiii:  h.ir 


itil  tl 


111  mill  on  the  nortlieast  side  of  I'oint  Lotios  is  on  with  lllue  ,Mi 


111     am.  or  lim  iv\ 


lilt 


is  on  with  the  lli 'a  I  lest  Minimi  I  of  I'oint  K'eyes  iJidye.     (See  \  iew  s  ut'  local  it  \  .)      'I'll  is  places  .i  ves- 
sel live  ii;;liilis  of  a  mile  tic  nil  the  el  ills  in  ci;.dit  and  three  ipiai  leis  lathoms  ut   water,  w  ii  li  I'^iii 
lioneta  disi.i  111  at  Mil  It  t  vso  and  a  half  miles  and  liearin;;  sonlli  sixty  ci^^lit  de;;iei's  east  (Si-     ' 
If  the  atiovc  r.in;;cs  ate  not  \  isilile,  ;:iailiially  iiaiil   under  the  north  side  ol'  the  hreaUcis  hm  ;Ii. 
|-"oiir  fallioiii  liank  until  the  Ked  iiiiuy  markiii;:  the  iioi  I  hwot  part  of  the  enliance  to  the  eh. mi-.  !  n 


made  oil  I.  and  ciiniiniie  tlii'oii;:h  the  channel  on  a  course  son  I 


elsew  lieie  directed.      Altc 


I  si\l.\   li\(>  dej^recs  east  (.S. 


r  passi 


n;;  I'oint  lioneta  inn  soulhtMsi  li\  east  half  east  (Si;,  li 


to  midcliannel  and  then  make  the  usual  conisi-  tliioii;;h  the  ( iuldcn  (iate.  Or  when  l''oil  I 'hiii 
and  the  iiniih  piijnl  of  \eili,i  liiieiia  Island  arc  in  raii;:e,  run  in  on  that  ian;;e  until  I'uini  I':  ihle 
hears  northwest   li\    north   three  ipiarleis  north    NW.  liy  N.  ,'  N.);  tlicii  .steei  northeast  li;i!i   ii-t 


(NIC.  .1,  v..)  for  tl 


!■  sniiihcasi  piiiiit  of  An;;el   Island  to  mid  ilianiiel   hctwceii    Lime  I'oint  ai  'i  I 


Point  as  lierclotoie  directed. 

(»ll   Point  lioneta  tlicie  will  trcinienth  hi'  toiiml  a  h 


tl 

llie  cnireiil  lip  need  oiil.\    lii'  wati'hed  for  its  aeiioii  on  the  \ 


a\yciiirenl  lip  as  if  a  H'ct  inai 


ic  (loiiii.  lull  no  kiKiwii  dan;;cr  extends  more  than  Iwii  hundred  yards  t'rom  the  la^ht  hoiis 


cssel  s  coiir.se. 


iii,.M:i.  AI.  iiii;i;ri  iiiNs  icn!  vi;ssi;i.s  .\i'i't:<i,\ciit.N(i  san  iijanciscm  iniiiick.  I'midv  wimim!; 

\  essels  enniiny-  (iiiin   the  noil  hwesi  ward  are  Kcucially  eonsters   who  are  moderali'l.v   - '"  " 
their   icckoniiii:    even    in   thick    weather,  especially   the  steamers.     'I'liev  are  eoiiiinandeiM  .  '»" 


elii!i',i\iii 


"^       '    <■' 


familiar  with  t  he  loast,  and  apt  to  take  advantap- of  the  slightest  lift  in  the  I'of,'.     They 

to  make  J'oiiit   Ileyes  fo;r-whistle  and  then  proceed  as  elsewhere  directed,      Steamers  coiiiih  .  n 


ill    'iiitlnv 
riiiiii.  and 
MiiiiiiMard, 
-liiiii    as  sa 
li>  .1  lift  in 
iiiis--iMe  III 
lhl^  I  ,iri'y  ; 
10  he  near 

■O'Sl  it  is  tli< 

' I  ;-c  the 

i\\:\\  ■  'irrclm 
liiin_-  III  III! 

iMIl  iInii  lie  I 
llle«-  n.',irl\- 

■"Inn  iliiwn  s 
miles  illstant 

W  mils  f 
"iiiiiiiin.  "  li 

•  hi  aceiii 

.IIIll  lei  two  II 
lllillr  Ilhir  |lil 
lie  "itlllll  ten 
liiin  h  limre,  at 
i'l,-  >'.iM  Fiai 
l'ii'i|'iriii  sunn 

ilii".  M-rs  vefl 

'^'iiiil  i.iiliiim   I 

III!'  line  III'  III 
iii'ail\  li\e  III] 
■mil  ;i  li.nf  mi 
iiiili's  ».  .|-m„ 

I  I'c  lieces: 
i-liM  li>  Ihiisi 
I'l'Mclli  s  1,1  S 
hllii«li'il-i.    ei 

l'>^-.  attcr  s; 
Fl-lll„„„.„^  „ , 

l.lllilll    n||1|,    si 

■"^lll  I'l.Uiciseii 
'"lii>  .;ii-.il  a 
■■"■I  !li;i!  M„|||. 
-"■.lH\   hijiie, 

'ill'  ni,ni\  Wars 

■"'I'l'linil   Vessi 
"I'la   li'.l.l    Ul 

"riMkiiiu  ^liaii 

•lllilliM.  |,|||„||, 
'■'"'Ml.c.ii,  |„ 
"ii"li--c,„.,;,| 

'"I'-.lllii  tiie  V 

""l'>iMi.i  lilll 
''•^  '"'•"'! \   s|i:,k 
''"  '•■i-c  III  appr 
ll"  ^lilinM 

'  '"'  l''n  illnii  on 
■I'l'lMll,  I  ,.,1.,,,, 


ip    SOI 


'I; 
II 


wr 


I'ACII'IC    COAST    IMI.OI'. 


221 


il,i    oiitlnviml  riKlciivor  to  mak)'  llic  lo}^  wliistlrs  nt   Point  Afio  Nnevo,  I'i;;('oii  I'oiiit,  or  Mniitiirii 

I' I.  iinil  llit'ii  run  lor  I  he  San   l''raiM'is('()  liar  as  prcx  ionslv  dftailfil.     Sailiii;,' xcsscis  from  tlit^ 

Miiiiiiward.  luMlin;,' np  tlic  const  in  to;;^',v  .smnincr  weather,  }i<'in'i"ill.V  woiU  as  dose  iinilcr  tlit< 
slimi  as  safct.v  pi-ritiils,  ami  onci'  liavin};  olitaiiu'il  tlit'  (listan<'t'  ol  tin'  coastliin'  liy  sonniliii};, 
li\  I  lilt  in  till'  t'of;,  Ol-  Ity  a  si;;lit  of  a  inonntain  over  the  fo;:,  they  make  tlieir  tacks  as  slioit  as 
iiiis-il'le  to  MMiid  llie  lieavier  swell  outside.  'I'liev  are  ;,'eneiall,v  laden  with  produce,  of  wliich 
iliiA  .  .irrv  a  ^'leat  part  ini  deck,  iind  are  IliiTelbre  compelled  to  follow  the  coast  closely  in  order 
111  lir  near  shelter  from  the  hcaxier  northwest  winds  and  swell.  l'"rom  the  west  and  south- 
ui'st  ii  l-i  the  nsnal  practice  to  ap|iroach  the  <'oast  with  the  Southeast  I'arillon  lieariiiji  northeast, 
!ic(iii>c  liir  prexailin^'  summer  coast  wind  is  from  the  west  northwest  and  northwest,  ami  vessels 
iii;iv  Hieictiirc  expeei  to  lia\e  a  leading;  wind  to  the  San  l''raneiseo  I'.ar.  It  is  this  wind  which 
liiiii--  ill  liie  heavy  t'o^js.  In  the  winter  season,  when  '•  >oulheaslers"  prevail,  a  northeast  course 
,111  iNo  lie  made  lor  the  ^(uitlieast  l-'arallou  because  this  wind  is  f.'enerally  well  to  the  south,  or 
liliiM-  maiiy  paraliid  with  the  coastline.  .Moreover,  tln!  thick  weather  of  a  southeaster  does  not 
sliiil  iliiwii  so  coniplctcly  as  the  fo<;s,  and  t!u'  loom  of  the  land  can  ^'cnerally  lie  made  out  .some 
iiiilrs  (ijvtant. 

Winds  from  the  northwest  ni'iid  hy  north  and  east  to  southeast  are  \ery  rare,  except  the 
•iiiiiiiiii."  liiit  all  of  them  Itrinjf  clear  weather. 

On  aicoiMil  of  thedciiseh  thick  weather  experieiiceil  alon),Mlii' coast  diirin^'thc  t'(;;:;;y  season, 
,iiiil  li'i  U\  o  or  three  hundred  miles  olfsliore,  it  is  dinicnit,  especially  tor  siiiliiijj  vessels,  to  deter- 
iiiiiir  ilirii  po'.ilion  ;  yet  with  urcat  cire  in  working'  up  their  dead  reekoiiint;  the  latitinh'  ou};ht  to 
liiMMthiii  ten  or  lil'teeii  miles  on  eil  her  side  of  their  supposed  hititilde.  Tiie  loiit;itude  ma.\  lie  out 
iiiiirli  iiioie.  and  iherelore  il  is  a  matter  of  the  ;;reatesl  im|Hirtaiice  that  ship-masters,  \\  hen  approach- 
in:  .'S.iii  I'laiicisco  ill  lo;;L;y  weatiier,  should  do  so  Willi  the  yieatest  caution,  carefully  takiiifj 
liii|iiinl  sciiindiiij;s  with  not  less  than  two  hundred  fathoms  of  line.  Iiecaiise  the  depth  of  water 
ill  I'.  IMS  very  rapidly  Irom  the  deep  sea  plateau  to  the  one  liiimlied  fathom  line.  Tlie  one  thoii- 
siiiii  l.illiom  line  is  <inly  twenty-one  miles  west  southwest  ( WSW'.i  from  the  Southeast  l'"aralioii. 
Till'  liiir  III  line  hundred  and  lilty  fathoms  is  distant  oiiIn  four  miles  from  the  North  l''ai'alloiies ; 
iii;iil\  \\\\-  miles  from  the  Southeast  I''aiallon;  twent\  loiii  inilo  from  Point  San  Pedro:  eighteen 
.mil  ;i  II  lit  miles  fiom  Pi;.;e(Mi  Point;  seNcnteeii  miles  fioiii  Point  A  fio  Niievo  ;  and  pi  uliably  thirty 
iiiili'>  Mis|.||(irtli«e,^t  from  Point  llcyes. 

Tlir  iie>essit,\  liii  soiimliii;^('aii  no|  lie  too  slronj;ly  insisted  iijion  (ui  this  coast  in  fo^i^y  weather, 
iMii  ti\  ilioM'  familiar  wiih  the  coastline.  The  numerous  wiccUs  on  the  \\  reekchart  of  the  ap- 
li.i.uTics  111  .Smii  I'lancisco  testify  to  the  j,'ieate>t  iie;^li;;eiice  in  this  malter,  and  our  personal 
kiioHliii:;!'  coiilirins  it.  We  may  refer  to  the  l.iniiiinrmiiiir,  wreckeil  on  Modepi  Peef  in  .liiii(>, 
!^s-,  altri  sailiii;j  for  thirty  miles  over  less  than  one  hiindri'd  fithoins  of  water;  and  the 
Fiioir.i'M.i.  wiceKed  s(uiie  months  earlier  on  the  north  side  of  the  Soiilhea-I  Parallon  after  liaviiif; 
i.iikiil  --hip  some  distance  inside  and  stood  olf  shore,  piesnmalily  w  itliont  heaviii';-  the  lead.  The 
Sill  I'l.iiiciscii  lloaid  of  rndeiw  liters  has  called  attcntiiui  to  the  uij;eiit  necessity  for  the  practice 
"ttlii.s  .;ii-at  aid  to  iia\  iyatioii.  The  reason  for  the  axeisioii  to  the  ii^e  of  the  lead  is  no  doiilit  the 
!:hI  tluii  sniiie  lime  is  lost  ill  heaviiij^  the  vessel  aliack  to  oliiaiii  a  c.ist.  This  loss  of  time  may  lie 
:ri',iil\  ii  limed  if  shipmasters  would  adopt  the  means  that  ha\  e  lieeii  used  in  Coast  Surxey  \  I's.sels 
111!  in,iii\  \e,iis.  Instead  of  the  heav.\  deep  sea  leatl  line  and  the  forty  pound  had  wiili  which 
iiiiiriiiiii  \essels  are  j;enerall.\  fiiini>lied.  we  use  a  line  of  the  si/e  of  a  cod  line,  ami  even  smaller, 
■iiiil  ;i  li-.nl  \veiuliin- from  lifteeii  to  twenty  poiimis  A  line  of  such  small  si/e  that  will  stand  a 
lirviikihu  -liajii  of  from  I  wo  hundred  to  two  liiindre<l  and  lift>  pounds  nia,\  he  leadily  olitained, 
•iinl  livi' liiiiiili.d  fathoms  of  it.  niaiked  at  e\ery  ten  tathoms  lie\oiiii  the  first    lifly,  which   is  close 


«ll!ll 


.'111  111'  kept  on  an  oriliii.ii\  ]o<i  reel.      In  a  live  knot  lut'eze(aml  when  the  Ib^s  prevail  the 
.;iiierall\  moderate)  a  ship  ma.\  lie  hove  aliack,  one   hiimlied    tathoms  or   more  of  line  let 


""(..iiiii  the  \ess(l  tilled  awav  a'.,Min  on  her  course  within 


than   tweiitv  minuies,  if  I'urnishei 


111 


"I'll  Mh  il  .1  line;  in  less  than  titty  fathoms  of  water  a  xessel's  headway  may  he  clieckeil  siillieieiitly 
I')  iiiriil\  shaKiii'.:  her  up  in  the  wind  if  she  lie  ruiiiiiii;,'  with  the  wind  abeam,  which    is  j;enerall\ 
iii'iiM'  III  appinarhiii;;  the  I'arallones. 

1 1     -  I  liii::  vessel,  in  approachinj,'  the  coast  in  thick  weather  and  expecting  to  make  I  lie  South 
l"ii  oil  a  northeast  course,  limls  herself  in  one  hundred   fathcms  water,  she  is  elosi'  on 
iln'iiiit';  1  1-e  ol  the  ;;reat  plateau  of  the  (iiill'  of  the  I'arallones;  and    she   is   either  directly  ap 


lv| 


$  ''Wm 


i ; "  I  !< 


>ilii 


■ii     1 


•)•)•> 


I'Arii'ic  coAsr  rii.oT. 


m 


mm 


m 


'Mil' 


proiU'liiii^'  llicso  islaiiils,  or  is  soiitli  til'  llii'tii,  nr  is  on  tlif  wistcin  cil^'c  of  tin'  Conlfll    Miiiik.     In 
aiiv  fiisc  till'  utmost  caiitioii,  \  i;;iiaiir(',  iiiiil  pioniplin'ss  arc  to  lie  cMTciscd. 

If  she  tiiiils  licrscir  ill  lill.v  lallioiiis  of  water  ami  ilois  not  hear  tlio  roi;-\vlilHtlf  on  tin-  Son  i, 
fast  Kaiallnii.  it  is  iirmlcnt  to  licail  oil' short'  on  a  soiitliwt'sf iisi-  ami  wait  lor  a  pilot. 

It  is  lia/ardoiis  lo  inn  into  less  than  lort.N  tiM'  t'.iilioiiis  lifcaiisc  slif  iiia,\  Iti'  within  om-  im  , 
to  till'  wi'siwaid  of  the  Notiiitlav  K'ofk,  or  slit'  niav  be  twoiiiilfs  to  tlif  iiortliwanl  of  it,     Slif  in  > 
hf  wiliiin  iwo  iiiilfs  t)f  tilt' North  or  Miihllf  I'aialloin's.     If  twenty  milts  north  of  the  prt'siiiiHl 


ilitiiilt 


11  lie  olfliii'  roKlell  I;, ink 


insi 


If  slif  ti mis  forty  fathoms  of  water  her  jtosilion  iiiiyht  lie  iiisule  the  Ntionday  Uoek.  m 
lie  the  North  Farallones   ami  in  attempting.'  to  stami   out  o\er   her  former  traek   sho  n 


ii^lii 


ent'oiinter  these  tlaiijicrs. 

A  veiy  marketl  t  hara.'teristie  of  the  appidaelies  to  sonmlinijs  on  the  (jn"  I'latean  shtmlil  !.,• 
horiie  in  mimi,  iiaimly,  tli.it  for  alMUit  live  miles  .iloii;;  the  western  eil;;i'  of  the  CortUll  iJ.iiik,  .iih! 
for  alioiit  tilteeii  miles  ]iarallc'l  to  the  line  of  the  faialloiu  s  ^Irom  the  southeast  islaiul  to  Nnui, 
iliiy  IJiiik  I.  the  water  shoals  from  one  hiiiiilii'il  fathoms  to  lilt  v  fathoms  within  three  miles  cm  ,i 
nortlieast  eoiirse.  In  any  other  part  of  the  approaches  the  ilecrcase  of  ileptli  is  miieh  iihiii> 
^lailiial:  and  liel wceii  the  Coidcll  li.ink  and  the  Ntitiiiiiay  K'tick  the  ile|illi  e\i'ii  iiiereases  ain 
jiassint;  o\t'r  the  liltyl'athom  coiineetiiij.'  iid;;e. 

It  is  \t'iy  dilliciilt  to  lay  tlowii  any  spccilietl  rules  to  wtnk  hy  ;  iiexcrtlieless  several  hints  iii,i\ 
lie  fairly  iireseiitcil. 

It' a  s;iiliii;f  vessel  is  in  one  hnnilrcil  t'athoins  ami  is  on  a  nortlieast  cinirse  slm  may  inn 
tiiiiic'  on  ihiii  ciiinsc  tor  two  miles,  ami  no  more,  liel'ore  the  next  sonndini;.  .Shoiilil  this  soiiimIih- 
lie  lil'ty  falhoiiis  or  less  she  is  either  on  the  \M'>tcrii  eilue  of  the  <'ori|el]  I'.aiik  or  near  the  Nniih 
I'ar.illones.  There  is  no  ilan;;i'r  on  the  ('orih'll  Hank,  Iml  there  are  tiiill\in;;  roeks  olf  the  Nmili 
l*'aialloiies,  anil  no  aid  io  ii,i\  lyalion  iiseliil  in  thick,  fnuu'y  wt'.illier  exists  in  that  locality,  'rinii 
fore  she  shonlil  staml  olf  siioic  on  a  soiilli  southwest  course  to  ilie  one  humlred  fathom  line,  tin n 
stand  in  aj:aiii  on  a  northeast  course  and  eontiniic  this  trial   proc^  Now.  il On  aii\  ciI'iIkm' 

northeast  courses  she  should  tln<l  a  ilcplli  ;;ieatcr  than  lift.\  lathoin  -  at  il  tlistaiice  of  iwo  miles 
troiii  the  one  hiindreil-fathom  line,  she  may  conliniie  one  mile  fiiither  on  the  northeast  emiise  itji.ii 
is,  three  miles  from  the  onehiimlred  fathom  line)  ami  aj:aiii  ^jet  a  east.  If  this  soiimlin;.;  is  l(iii\ 
I'allioms  or  less,  the  vessid  is  on  the  northwestern  part  of  ("onlcll   iSank  or  very  near  the  Niiiiii.i;i\ 


i; 


III  this  ilmiht  the  vessel  must  haul  out  a;.Miii  to  one  humlred  t'athoms  on  a  stiiith  soiitli 


Wi'vl 


coiiisc.  ,ii|cl  a;:ain  sl.iml  in  as  licfore.  Hiil  it'  the  somitlin;;  at  three  miles  from  the  tine  hiiuilii'l 
latliom  line  (dii  the  northeast  course)  was  iii't\  fathoms  or  more,  then  the  vesstd  is  either  lie!  an  n 
the  soiilhciii  tail  of  the  ( 'onlcll  iiaiik  and  Not  unlay  li'mk,  tir  she  is  souili  tit  the  Sontheasi  I'.iial 
Ion.  ami  sIkhiIcI  hcur  the  Fol;  whistle.  In  either  case  ennliiiiie  one  mile  I'nither  noitheast  (m  I'lmi- 
miles  from  the  one  hiiinlrcd  falliom  line)  ami  ^I't  another  stnimlinj,'.  If  ritiw  the  tieptli  is  ;:ri.itri 
than  lil'ly  lathoms,  init  less  than  at  the  iliree-inile  siiiiinliii;,',  the  \fsstd  is  alitiut  li\t'  miles  m  iimri 
southeast  from  the  .Stmlheast  I'aralloii;  if  this  siinmliu;:  is  from  forty  to  ftirty  live  fatliom^  :l'c 
vfvsel  is  near  the  noilhwcsiei  n  part  nf  Noonilay  Itock  Shoal,  ami  liy  eontinnin;,'  on  her  chiiim  i  I 
deepen  her  water  tn  loil\-six  rallionis  in  live  miles. 

i(iwe\er,  a  vessel  is  iiislih'  of  the  tine  I tired    fathom  line  ami  ;;ets  tlcpths  of  si\I\  i  iili 


If, 


oms,  ami  ilicn  fivfoileii  miles  o|   li  ft  \  seven  fal  lioiii  soiindinus,  she  is  heatliii;;  strai;:lil  I. 
l{e\t'S.      A   liltjc  inntliucsl  of  II 


IIS  line  a  \t'ssel  would  decrease  her 


I  r-iiii 

soiiiitlin;.'s  from  tnic  lniii'liid 
tti  lilt\-ti\f  falhoiijs  in  luo  miles,  increase  ihem  to  seventy  falhoms  in  three  miles  more,  ami  I'nii 
ilcerease  \t'iy  regularly  to  lil'ly  fathoms  in  the  tollowiii;;  el^ht  or  nine  miles. 

lint  for  a  steamer  approacliinu  the  plateau  tif  the  Ciiilf  of  iin'  Farallones  it  is  not  iiccessa 
make  siiih  olf  anil  till  aniiroaehes. 


l\     IM 


It  she  I  iiiis  into  forty  live  fathoms  ami  tloes  not  hear  the  I'o^' whistle  on  the  Southeast  I'ai.ill.'ii. 
•aiilillly  lollou  the  line  of  forty  live  fathoms;   if  she  is  oiitsitle  the  Nooiiilav  l.'oi  k  .ml  '\i<- 


die  II 


l''aialliaies  the  "fi 


leial  conisc  of  this  line  will  lie  .southeast    liy  east  half  east  (SH.  liy  I).  \  11 

le  same  line  of  siiiimliiit;s  when  it  tnn' 


til 


will  eaiiA   her  clear  of  the  islets;   aiitl  then  following   11 

Ihceasluaiil  she  will  filially  roiiml  tlie  .S.iulhcast  farallon  on  an  east  course  at  a  ilistancc  .-i  :»" 

ami  a  half  miles  Ikiiii  the  l.iuht  ami  Steam  l"o;,'wliislle.  which  latter  sheshoiihl  hear.     Tlii^  d.  ini;i' 

of  tliieclion  (if  the  liMtyll\f   I'alhoii 

aftei  the  idiai 


I   line  is  an   iiidicat  inn  of  a  vessid's  ptisititin,  ami  in  live  in 


i;;e  uf  eonise  the  water  shoals  rc^^iilai  1,\ .      Nouliere  else  in  this   nei^hli 
this  peeiiliarit.N  exhiliit  itsell.     A  vessel  eoiniiiK  ii|'<iii  thettiast  in  the  latitutle  of  i'oint  K 


I'acii'm;  coami'  ni.dT. 


223 


ii,is    ilii'  Cdiilrll  liiiiik  iiikI  iiii;:lil  iiii-l;il>f  it    lor  tin'  n>ii;;lily  siiniliii-  ;;riiiMiil  iiroiiiiil  Hit-  NiKiiidiiy 
l;  „  1   ;   lull   if  sill-  IIIIIH  on  ;i  Mill  1 1 nI  coni-sc  III  l<>lf\  (i\f  riilliiillis  (III  till-  oiitfl'  film'  of  I  lie  ( 'inilrll 

|'„llll  .  .Illll    I'uIIdUS  lllis  lll'|llll    to   llll'  •'IISlWllI'll    Ulll'll   ill'llllllll    till'  SnllllMTII    lilil  III'    till'    jilllllv,  slif   will 

\t'\\  -.iipii  ilciprii  licr  wilier  to  lil'tv  livi'  ratlKiiiis,  clc,  anil  llils  wuiijij  lixratr  licr  willi  ic^'anl  Id  Hut 
UaiiK.     (Sec  (icsciiplinn  iif  Cimit'll  I'laiiK.) 

Sii  ,llll•^■|'^^|•ls    riiilil    III!'    niilllirni    riiiisl    Mir    mil    iililv    llili'i'  or   four  (l:i\H   riiilii    Ilirir   |Mirt   of 


iiiil  (Mil  mil  (lii^Mi   llirlr   liillliiili'  williiii  irasoiiiiltir  limits  to  iiiaKi'  I'niiit  Kcvcs  St 


I'iitii 


I'cn;  vOiistIc;  iilllioii^li  we  witc  ii'i'I'IiI  I\   ii|i(iii  m  stciiiii  .sliip  that  liail   in'cii   in  In;;  Ironi  rape  Mat- 
lii'ii  sill'  r\|iccl('il  til  liiiil  I'diiit   lli'vi's  on  an  castci  is  coiiisc,  slic  t'oiini!  licisi'ir  six  iiiilcs 


iii\,  .iii'l  « 


.iHllll 


till' Soiiilirast  I'arailoii  wlini  llir  loif  .siidilciily  lirokc  a»ay.  Sailing  vi'>si'l.s  fi'din  tlio 
iMirtliiiii  coast  aro  .soini'tiiiii's  two  anil  even  tliiee  \M'el<s  without  oliseiN  atioiis  on  accoiinl  of  the 
liclisiM  ot'  the  fiiys.  ( lecasionally  a  vesse!  inilil  ;;c|  llic  sun's  all  it  III  |i'  at  noon,  as  the  I'o;;  li;,'lileiis 
I. \  Clin  III  loi  a  slim  t  luiie,  it  I  h'  eoiiiiiiaii(ii  r  hail  a  si' \  tan  I  \\  ilh  a  |iro|ii't'  at  lilicial  hori/nn  attaihed, 
I'.iil  .\  nlioiit  olis('|-\  atiolis,  lelianee  is  phiceil  solely  mi  ilcail  leeUonin;,',  and  u  hen  a|i|Ploai'liiii;;-  Point 

Kl'.M'S  I 

,llllli'-|i|ll 

l||illll 


lie  lead  slimild  lie  hove  fieinien!l.\  for  position.  Little  time  is  lost  lieeaiise  iiiiiler  such 
lie  conditions  the  wind  is  usually  iiioileiale.  Soinetiiiies  vessels  are  ^Miiiled  liy  falling; 
ihi' Coriiell  Itaiik  ifthev  can  make  sure  of  it  from  the  ehaiaetei' of  the  liottoni  and  tluMleptli 
ii  uiiii.  Il  a  M'ssil  is  III  tilts  fathoms  and  linds  thi'  diplli  shoalin;:  mi  a  south  or  soiitjieast 
riiiiiM'.  she  must  lienmth  of  the  Nooiida\  K'oi'k  Shoal,  m'  even  iioiih  of  ijii' Conli  II  liauk.  In 
lliii  CISC  I  III  I  e  is  no  ai  tilii'ial  aid  to  iia\  iuatimi  except  the  .Noondav  Itock  l!iio\ . 


I'l 


ly.     Sill'  must  either 

liiMil  I'll  -lioif,  wail  tiir  a  pilot,  m-  foljou  the  lift\lalhoiii   line  until   il    lakes  a  soul  lii'asleil\  diree- 
11(111  Willi  deeper  water  to  the  southward. 


A  M 


sel   I'oiiiiii;;   down    the  coast  and    follow  iii;^  t  he   foit\   I'alhom    lun'   woiih 


a  ''eiieial 


Mill  aliiiiil  Miiilh  liy  east  (S.  Ii\  \'.,)  from  laliliide  'IS  L'd',  three  miles  olV  llodi'iia  Mead,  and 
uiiiilil  iiii'i'ssaiil>  pass  lii'lweeii  I'oiiit  HeMS  and  the  .North  l''arallolies  at  a  distance  of  three 
.1  hall   miles  t'lom  the  loiiuer,  when  the  Steam  l''oL;\vliistle  slioiild   lie  heard,  and  the  direct 


•  i|  llii-   line  of  foitv    fathoms   rhailiie    to   southeast    liv  ea 


.1  iSr:.  l.y  !•:.  .      if  the    To-  whistl 


Kill 

e  is  not 


l.raiil  I  ills  ehaiij^e  ot  course  should  lie  followi'd  nine  or  leu  miles,  u  lien  aiiolhcr  cliaiii^c  to  south 
In  Mi-^i  Is.  Ii\  \\  .  1  lakes  place,  liiil  the  liollom  is  lii'ie  so  uniform  that  a  ms^i'I  may  well  lie  in 
ilmilil  ;is  III  I  hi'  I'xact  liicalimi ;  the  iinifoiiiiils  of  depth  is,  however,  an  evidence  of  her  liein^f  inside 
ol  llii'  I'aialliiiii's.  If  the  simniiiii^s  are  sal  isfacliirx ,  a  \essel  may  lay  a  course  east  half  smith  (I']. 
JS.II'ui  liltci'ii  miles  111  the  Whisilin^'  Itiioy  olf  the  liar  in  tiflceii  fallimns. 

(h  if  a  vessel  is  coiiiin;;  from  the   liorlli   and    keeps  on  llie   li if  thirty   fal  iioiiis,  she  ealiiuit 

M|i|i|ii.i(  Il  ihelaiid  aii\  Hearer  than  one  and  a  half  miles  oil  r.iiilet;a  1  lead,  when  her  cmiise  will  he 
iiiMilv  soul  lieasl,  channiiiy;  ;;railiially  to  soiilli  half  west  (S.  \  \\'.<,  which  will  iinticale  her  posi- 
iiiii  iiiiiiliuaid  of  Point  li'eyes.  Oil'  this  point  the  thirty  tathoni  line  is  two  and  three  ipiarter^ 
inilr-i  ilistaiil  lo  the  wesi  ward,  and  in  inoileiate  weather  the  Steam  l''ii;rwhistle  should  he  heard  ; 
"III  11  it  IS  mil  heard  the  line  of  thirty  fathoms  klimild  lie  fullowed  anil  will  lie  foiinil  to  eliaii;;e 
i|iurk'.\  111  ea-i  smiiheast  ( I'ISI'",.)  for  t liree  iiiiles,  and  then  as  lii;,di  as  east  nortlieasi  ( MN  I'!.)  fur 
iliri'i' nulls  iiiiiie,  liriii;;iii;;  a  \  essel  under  t  lui  eastern  jioint  ol'  I'miit  li'e.ves  I  lead,  u  nil  a  iiolahle 
I'xs  iif  w  iiiil  ami  smoother  sea.     'I'lieiice  the  tliiit,\   fathom  line  may  lie  followed  on  a  ;;('iii'i  al  sou  111 - 

lUst  I'liiiise  for  nine  miles,  w  hen  the  water  ^'radiiall.v  shoals  and  a  emirs ist  li>  smitli  ( \',.  liy  S.) 

liiii'i'Mii  miles,  wilh  water  re.uularly  decreasing,'  to  lifleeii  fat  lioiiis,  w  ill  lead  to  the  Whistling' 
'''I"  It  the  Whistling'  lliiov  is  not  heard  a  ncsscI  should  anclim  ;  she  may  he  too  near  iMixliiiry 
l:>i  r  "I  ihe  I'liiir  fallimii  Hank. 

I'liiiiiL;  the  lain.N  season  ((tetolier  to  .\piil)  and  the  spiiiii,'  tieshels  in  the  Saeraiiieiito  Hivcr 
!iil  Uii  111. 11  ies.  I  he  discolored  Waters  of  the  lia.\ ,  carl  led  liy  the  ehhciirreiit  outside  the  liar,  w  ill 
•  iii'i'iilly  iiiilicale  proximity  to  the  approaches;  lint  this  must  not  he  wholly  relied  upon,  as  we 
■ivi' .seen  ilisi'iiliired  water  froiii  the  hay,  inaiked  li,\  slroiiy;er  lines  of  successive  ehh  tides,  work- 
'i-Mii  till- miiiliuiini  ,,(■  pdiiit  Iteves.  lint  this  discolmid  water  will  not  he  found  that  far  to  the 
"ii'li». lid,  as  the  eddy  eiiast  current  iiioM'S  up  the  coastline.  This  iliscolored  w  aler  does  not 
'■"■Il  111  ihe  hiiltom  w  hell  dtV  ill  twenty  to  thiit.v  lathmiis,  and  lmi\  ovcrriiii  slioaler  depths.  .\t 
il  ■•i'M--niis  ihe  waters  iif  the  elili  t iile  are  smiiew  hat  discolored  hevonil  the  liar. 


"I'l'x  fi'il  icliistlr. —  When  otV  Point    li'eyes  some  tweiit.v  miles  in  a  dense  fo^-  will 


11'  M  -  I  1  ^  u  lij^i  I,,  .smiiidiii;;  every  minute  we  heard  a  sli;;lit  sound  as  of  a  distant 

•ml.     I  111     h 


whistle  toseil- 


or    three   follow  ill;;'    were    heard   more  clearly,    perhaps    hccaiise   atleiitioii    WiUS 
I  lie  vessel  suddenly  passed  out  of  the  thick   fo;,'  into  a   space  where   the  to^'  was  liftcil 


'  ■''  i 

1   '  t 

«l  tl 


•_'_M 


I'ACll'll'    CilASI'    I'll.ol. 


Mvo  or  tliH"   limiilvtil  li't't  aliiivc  llir  ",ii(i,  mill  mi   llir  wiv-inii  iilj;f  nl'  lliis  cniiiiiariilivclN  <i|i< 


i! 


m 


'ij»i 


-i'i 


Wi 


lit'in.v  in.iss  lit  In;;  l;iv  ii|niii   llic  wiiliT.     \Ni'  wnr  NiiliNlicil   iIuti-  w: 

llllC  XfSKCr.H  wlli.stlfWllifll  I'llllH'  li 


s|iiirr  A  vers  <lrii^i'  aiK 

vessel  williiii  riMili.  anil  tiial  Iliis  miiiiiiI  was  ii;ill\  I  he  rrlnn. 
llii>  mass;  lull  \M'  wfK"  IIhii  ra|iiill\  |iassiii;:  it  ami  licanl  im  somnl  in  tliat  oi' aii.\  otin'i' diici  |i,,ii 
Al  aiiMlliti  Iiiiif.  will  II  llif  Mf.illiii  was  vims  lt';:;:.\,  ii"  wiiui,  anil  a  xci.s  laiKf  swell  mi,  lli 
sleaiiier'.s  w 
wele.  Ml  \   eluse 


liisilewas  smimled  eM  iv   nmiiile  ami  we  lieanl   a    slimt.  >liai  |t,  Iml    laint  lii.ss 


to  llie  vessel.  When  llie  |oy:wmil(l  lill  a  liltle.  so  that  the  run  fif  llie  swell  w.i. 
\isil>le.  we  weie  salislieil  lliis  sliai|i  liisswas  |iait  111  the  s.ieaMi  el  the  Nteainwlii.stle  nlleeliil 
tVmn  the  wa\e  iimler  eeitaili  emnlltinns  ilillieiilt  tn  ilelei  mine. 

Aiiiitlier  peeiiliaiits  of  the  .sleaiiiei's  whisile  has  lieeii  imleil  !>>  mie  nt  the  l.i;.'lit  hmise  \esM  I 
oil' Point  .Vivna.     In  eoiiiiiiK  tVimi  the  iimlhwanl  in  a  ihiek  In;;  amlwiieii  aiiprnaeliiii;,'  I'nint  .Xiin, 
the  sDiinil  ol   the  Toy  si;,'lial  was  heaiil,  mil  mi  the  jiinl  Imw,  as  was  e\|ieeteil,  liiit  nlV  the  slailmai'l 


i|uait(r:  a' 


the  VI 


I  iniiM'il   siiiithw.iiil  the  sminils  e.>i iV  the  stailniaitl  lieam,  ami  the  vev>i  I 


tliell  eiileieil  all  open  sp.ire  w  heme  the  l.l^lit-lliill.se  WilH  seen,  anil  the  snUllils  then  eaine  piiipi  il\ 
Iriiiii  the  ri;;hl  illiielimi.  .\  pie\iiiiis  ami  ver,v  similar  expeiieiiee  was  I'epmteil  li\  a  euasim- 
«teamer  lunlei'  similar  enmlitimis  ;  ami  the  niasier.  lielie\in;:  the  \essel  was  in  the  liiKht  mulh  nt 
the  l.i;;lit'hmise,  stnppeil  ami  liaekeil  out  a  ;.'iiiiil  ilislaiiee,  ami   then  ennlinneil  mi  her  emirse. 

AMIIlilJt.Vli    ii.N    nil.    llAli. 

.V  vessel  slimilil  not  aiielior  on  tlieltai'  if  sliei-an  jiossilil.v  avoiil  it ;  frei|iieiitl,v  a  heavy  uiiiiii;il 
swell  sets  in  wilhmil  wiml.  anil  it'  the  enirent  is  lunnin;;  stroii;;  el>l>  it  allows  little  eliami  ii 
eseapin;;  t'lmii  an  iinemiifmtal'le  lieiili.  'I'lie  I'niteil  Stales  sloop  nt'  war  ri«<«  ;(«/■.>■,  ilni  iny  llie 
ernise  nt'  the  l']\plorin;;  I''.\peilitiiin  nl'  IMI,  aiiehmeil  nil  the  liai'  in  a  ealiii,  ami  when  the  >\^^•^l\ 
enireiit  niaile.  it  liiniiulit  a  swell  that  lunke  n\er  her.  In  I  s.'iO  the  snr\eviny;  sehomier  I'.u-ii,,;  i,,,i 
her  aiielinis  nil  the  liar  at  tlie  elnse  nl'  a  liea\  y  sniilheaster  in  I  >eeeinlier.  In  ISS'J  we  wali  In  i|  .in 
iMiLilish  ship  rnlliii;;  \eiA  hea\  ily  al  anelim- mi  the  smilheiii  pail  nl'  the  liar,  anil  tiiially  she  '<.i< 
eniiipelleil  tn  make  sail  I'nr  safer  ipiaitels,  Ileeelie\  ill  his  naiial  ive  (  \'nl.  I,  p.  '.\\'\)  says  that  «  lull 
ernssiiiu-  the  liar  the  ilepili  nf  waler  ;;i.iiliiall,\  iliniinislieil  tn  live  lalhonis  : 

■•  I'll  is  Wdiilil  liinr  liri'ii  iif  nil  niii.M'i|nciirr  liiiil  i|  iiiii  linii  I'm  ;i  nsmII  wliiili  rnlli'il  tn  linivilv  nviT  tlir  liaiik  tli  il 
It  ciiiiliiiMiilly  liriiki' ;  iiiui  t1iHii;;li  niir  iliptli  ol'  \Milrr  \\;\*  iii'vir  Ims  tli.in  I'mir  ami  :i  I  ml  I'  t'al1ii>iii-i,  tin'  slilp  {  l:l,-'fi  ,1 1 

on  t«i>  or  tlin nasions  ili>liiiln  il  iIm'  ^anll  \»  illi  In  1  ki  rl.     'I'lir   liili'   |  iiiiiriit  |  was  iiiiImi  hinalrlx  a;;aiii-.i  u-  .1,  'I 

till'  swill  )iiii|M'llril  llii'  Klii|ijii»l  ^<llllk'U'lltl,v  ta.st  lor  liir  to  utrir  »itliiiiit  };aiiiiii;;  iiiiy  ;;ionuil,  nu  that  ui'  iriiiaiiM>l  th 

lliis  |iosilloll  MViTal    llollls." 

Sniiie  of  the  ilee]iet'  laileii  steamships  in  oniii;;  out  nver  the  liar,  wlien  it  was  very  liea\\  01 
even  linsikin;,',  ha\  e  tmieliril  thelioitnni  w  hen  )iitehin;:  ileepi;.  in  the  lrnn;;h  of  the  sea.  In  im  imr 
years  sailing;  \  essels  in  thiek  smitheast  weather,  w  hen  niialile  to  ileterniine  w  helher  the  liar  ".is 
lireakino;  hailly  ami   taking'  ailvanlaoe  nf  a  hii'oe  elili,  lia\e  been  fmeeil  tn  ernss  it  in  ihr  fur  of 

the  ;;i'eal  eomliers,  ami  ha\  e  hail  their  ileeks  swept  fine  anil  alt,  lull  oi,|  tin  on  "h.      We  «  in   r 

on  the  liar  with  a  liu'lit  wiiiil.  \ery  laio-e  swell,  anil  elilieiirient.  The  swell  threw  the  msmI  ImiIv 
alioiit  as  fast  as  the  enrreiit  eariieil  hei-  milwaril. 

l.l'lAVI.Mi    nil,    lIAKItllU    111'    SAN    1' 1!  A.M'l.si'i ». 

In  lieatiiitj  onf  a;;ainst  the  usual  siiniiner  wimls,  vessels  start  on  the  last  ipiarter  of  the  ili"iih 
make  the  first  taeU  to  the  nmlhwaril  of  the  I'llossoiii  I.'oik  I'liiny,  ami  weather  it  on  I  he -.i' .  ii'l : 
theiiee  they  work  lietweeii  Aleatla/,  Islaiiil  ami  the  sniilli  shore,  heeause  the  inllneiiee  of  the  iMi 
eiirreiit  is  lirst  felt  there.  ilMiiilin;:  .\reli  or  Kird  K'nck,  one  mile  .vest  of  the  smith  eiiil  nf  .\h  ali.i/.. 
Ill  laikiiii:  iimler  the  smith  shore  west  it\'  Anita  li'nek.  a  M'sm'I  iiiiik.  tint  staml  in  elnser  Ih.iii  llif 
rail;;e  nf  Ohl  Unneta  I.iojlittnwi'f  mi  with  the  eMrenie  eml  nf  {•"ml  I'nint,  ami  thus  avniil  Ihe  ul.m  I 
hank  with  miiy  li\  e  feet  iipmi  it,  w  liieh  lies  mie  ipiarlei  nf  a  mile  west-smithwesl  rroiii  .Viiii;i  Km-  L. 
\'essels  oive  I'm  t  Point  a  oninl  liciih,  ami  the  elili  eiii  rent  w  ill  earry  llieiii  past  it  rapiillx .  Imi  » i'h 
a  Strom.' temleiiey  Inwards  the  south  slmre;  then   twn  mnre   taekswill  earrv  them  elear  of  "  ilie 


Meads,"     If  the  In"  should   set    in  while  heat 


in;;  mil,  a  \  essel  iniist  he  earefiil    to   keep 


III!  ;ni' 


tnwaids  the  nnrtherii  slinre  of  the  (iolileii  (iate  tn  avoid  I'm  I  Point  and  the  .Mile  lineks  nn 
,sniith  slinie.  If  the  Vessel  is  hoiiiid  tn  the  iiorthwaid,  and  the  weather  sliiits  in  thnk  u 
wind  finiii  the  nmtliwestwaid,  she  makes  a  taek  oil'  shore  to  the  .sniithward  of  the  Parrallmn  -:  it 
the  weather  he  elear.  shmt  taeks  are  made  oil'  shore  until  she  works  lip  In  Point  l£e\es,  in  .  ii-i' 
the  .sea  to  the   leeward  ot  that  headland  is  inneh  smoother  and  the  eiirreiit  less  than  oiitsiilr  ilie 


K.ii  i  Imies' 

;;iMii    illy  st 

I.  iiye  s 

.slih    III!'  lie; 

llie  I'  isl  em! 

illlI   I  lid  eio! 

Vi's-i  1  is  del 

the  1  111:  eiiir 

>.lll   Hid  slai 

lii"<t  niiiise  I 

tlie  I'liint  he 

Miillji  or  SOI 

l,i;;li!  liiMiin 

liar  ell  tli.it  I 

Siile  llnilse, 

tHii  .Sial  l.'ni 

W'llili  iieinss 

nit  (III'  eiiast 

siiiitlrt.ird  is 

ciiillM'  .siiiiiew 

;i>k  .1  \er\  ill 

i  aiijis  on  the 

iiili"--  I  lie  III  ( 

•SW.  h\  W.) 
iinl  a  M'SM'I  ( 
Miles  111  leewi 


•    t^ 


I'ACII'If      HAST    I'lI.OT, 


I'll    1  ■iii'.x;  ill  fiict  nIic  iiiii.v  liavc  a  slight  ciuiciil  in  lici  favor.     Wlicn  up  with  Point  Ki'.vom,  vohni-Im 
,r,.|h    illv  slaiiil  (tlV  until  a  coiiisf  imii  lii'^iiatlc  tor  tlirir  port. 

I.  ii^;i' HiiiJiiij;  vc.N.M'Js  iio\\iiila\s  iir\cr  Ixiit  out  iliroiif,'|i  tin- (inlili  ii  (late;  lii(\\  arc  towi-d  tint- 

siil<  iIh'  llrMiJs  i)v  .nIimiii  tii^s  w  liii'li  ;:i'iii'iall\  iciraM'  tlicir  low  aliiiMsi  ami  soiilli  ol'llii'  iMioyncar 

tlic  I  i>t  t'liil  ol  tlic  Ktrir  I'atlioin  li.iiiU,  wjicii  Hit'  scNstis,  it  in  lialla>l  n-  w  iih  ||;;|||  luails,  inakf  all 

■iilil  inil  (TOMS  the  liar  aii,\  ^^lll'l<■  to  llir  sontliwanl  and  westward  llial  llii'  \n  iiuI  will  permit.     II'  the 

V('>-rl  I-*  ili'i'pl.N   lailill  she  w  ill  set   her  lore  and  all  sails  only,  ami  \>\   Ueepiii;;  elose  to  the  wind  let, 

(III'  I  lil^  em  I  ell  I  cans  liei  out  ovei  llie  liar  lhioii;:h  the  M.I  in  .'^liip  4  liaiiiiel,  ulieii  she  will  make  all 

s.iil  iiiil  siami  otf.     II   the  luee/.e  is  sIioiil;  ami  \mII  to  the  \\i  >i«aiil  lliis  is  mil  prail  iealile.     'i'lie 

Ih'^i    Miiise  then  to  pursue  is  to  make  all  sail   iis  soon  as  she  has  passed  Point  I'loiiela,  and  when 

llir  I'.Miii  hears  iiorlh  or  north  li.\  e.isi  (N.  or  N.  li>   I".  )  cross  the  liar  l>v  the  Simih  Chaniud  on  a 

s,mlli  or  south   li.v  west  (S.  oi.S.  Ii>    W.)  course  ;  ol    she  ma\  steer  south  and  keep  Point  lloiieta. 

|,i;;li!  Iieariii;;  mirth  until  I.iiiie  Poinl  i-.  on  with  llie  western  point  of  Aii;.'el  Island,  and  cross  the 

liar  ell  llial  laiine  in  live  and  a  ipiarter  fathoms  thice  miles  olV  shore  nearly  ahreast  of  the  <)eean 

Siilc  ll"ii>e.     The  pilots  also  use  the   raii;:e  Itaecooii  Strait   open  liy  l.ime  Point   and  lietweeii  the 

IvMi.^iil  Pocks  oil'  I'oiiit  l.ohos.     Of  (iiiise  only  a  iiaiiow  part   of  the  Itaecooii  Strait  is  visilile. 

Wliiii  acios.s  tlio  liar,  in  ten  fathoins  ol   water,  she   ma.\  haul  nil'  elose  on   the  wind  ;  or,  if  lionnd 

oil  ilii'  CO, 1st  to  the  southward,  sipiaie  awa>  on   her  eoiiisc.     This  w.iy  of  crossiiiii  the  liar  to  the 

Miiitli  ^.iid   is   not  K*'ii'''all.\    inaclieed   li,\  ship  iiia>lcis   or  the   pilots  liccaii.se  the  \essei   makes  a 

i(iiir>r -oiiicwlial   parallel  wiili  a  lee  shore  ami  with   tlii'^wdl;  Imi   it  is  maiiifotly  sater  than  to 

iisk  a  Miy  deep  laden  vessi  1  strikin;;ina  lar;^e  swell  an,\  ot'the  four  and  thiec  ipiarfer  f.ilhoiii 

liaii|i>  I'll  the  liar  to  the  soiithw  ,ird  ot'  the  .M.iiii  .Ship  rhaiiiiel  ;   moreover  it    is  not   lecommemlcd 

lllllt■^^  I  lie  liiee/c  is  ton  stroll^;  tor  a  vessel  to  pass  out  I'll  the  usual  course  of  southwest  liy  we>t 

S\V.  Ii\  W.)  t'roiii  mid  channel  bet  ween  the  Heads.     The  pilols  ci  nise  near  I  he  Main  .Ship  ( 'haniicl, 

;iiiil  a  \cssel  crossin;;  the  liar  on  a  south  course  from  Point  Poiieta  will  dro|i  lu:r  (nlot  six  or  seven 

miles  111  leeward  of  tbo  usual  eniisiii:.'  ;,'roiiiid. 


I    ,1' 


Till';    IIDKS    AT   .sAN    II! ANCl.srn. 


Till' tides  of  the  Pacific  t'oas*  of  the  I'liited  States  are  appaieiitly  of  so  coinplicatcd  a  char- 
iiti'i  lli.ii  it  is  deeiiu'd  lu'sl  to  ;;ivi'  here  a  ;;eiieial  statement  oj'  the  order  of  their  reeiirreiieo  and 
till'  iiirnii>  of  deterininin;;  them,  t'or  the  liciielit  of  those  na\  i;;atois  who  may  not  have  the  pnlilished 
I.ililo*  lit  their  pledieted  limes  and  lieijihts. 

I'liiii'  ale  in  each  lunar  day,  of  t  weiity  four  hours  ami  lifty  minntes,  two|ji;:h  and  two  low 
Miitri-,  uliich  i:<''a'ially  are  uiicipial  in  liei;;ht  and  occur  at  iiiieinial  inters  als.  The  low  and  lii^h 
wiiti'is  Inlliiu  each  other  thlLs: 

I'liiiii  the  lower  low  water  ("low  water  lar!,'<»")'  the  tide  rises  to  the  lower  of  the  twit  hi;;h 
w.itciA  ("lii;;!!  water  small")',  then  falls  to  a  low  water  ("low  water  small")'  that  is  lii;,'lier  than 
till'  |iiiriiliiiu  low  one  ( w  liicli  fall,  however,  is  somclinies  so  >li;;lit  that  it  i-  indicated  liy  an  appai- 
riill>  lipii;,' stand),  then  rises  to  the  hi;,dier  lii;;li  water  ("liij,'h  water  laiL;e"i,*  when  it  tails  a^^ain, 
;liriin;;li  a  loiij,'  interval,  to  the  lower  low  water. 

I'Ip  -I' iiiii\cmeiits  and  intervals  may  lie  more  speeiticatly  stated  thus: 

liii.ii  the  lower  low  water  ("low  water  larj;e"i  the  tide  rises  for  aliont  seven  and  a  ipiarter 
li'iiiisMiv  lour  and  four  tenths  feet  to  the  smaller  of  the  t  wo  hij^h  tides  ("  lii;;h  water  small");  then 
I'iIImiiii' iiitd  loiir  tenths  feet  in  less  than  four  and  a  hall  hours  to  the  »•  low  water  small,"  which 
i>lii^lii-i  ill, 111  the  precedin;;  low  water;  then  iiscss,i\  two  and  nine  tenths  feet  in  si\  and  a  ipiar 
111  JMniv  111  the  hi^dier  lii;;h  water  or  "lii;ih  water  l.iruc;"  it  then  falls  au;.iiii  live  ami  eij;littentlis 
'"I  in  iiMi  seven  hours  to  the  lower  low  water  or  "low  water  lar;;i'." 

lii-lciil  of  the  aliose  li-iiri's  the  fall  from  the  "liii,di  water  small"  or  "half  tide")  to  the 
••|||«  w.iiir  Niiiall"  may  raii;;c  from  three  and  a  half  feet  at  one  position  of  the  mooii  to  th.ee 
'liillis  i.r  a  foot  at  another;  in  the  latti'r  ease  there  will  he  apparently  a  lonj,' stand  ot  about  ti\  • 
lii'iii-. 


•'Ih.M-  \:i\,i,-i  ill.,  piilili.sli.'.l  iilMiiil    llir  iiihIiII.'  nl   llir  \iMi    |Mi  riiliiii;  ll.ru   (tall',  ;iinl  (jIve  llie  lieinlil  and  liiii'< 
■1  I'Vi'H   11, 1,,  ilihiiiylidiit  (1,,,  y,.:,,.  |,,|-  HJx  .,r  |1,|.  piiiiripiii   iiMils  nil  111.'  I'aiilir  ('ii:inI  ;   witli  iniislaiiN  lor  I'vi'iy  dtlii  ]■ 

Mrliiii.     II,,  y  itK,,  yhe  till'  !!>;(■  el'  lli.'  mi  .iiiil  llir  ilaii  s  ,>f  aiiiim'i'  ami  |ii'ri(;t'i',  tliiMlaUs  iil'gnalt'sl  ami  lea.  I 

'■'■ilili;ilii.:i  :iiiil  iil' /crii  ilrcliiial  ion. 

'  111.'  iiiiii>,  tiy  wliiili  tlii'v  am  iidiiall.v  kiuiwii  on  tlii.s  coast. 
KL'll   1'  (■ 15 


IIIMMWUHIII 


M». 


•2'2C)  I'Aciric  COAST  I'li.or. 

Tlif  Iii'ij,fliis  dt'  llic  low  v.Mtci's  Mit-  (licrfl'iiic  so  Mnc(|ii;il  llr.it  at  ccitaiii  periods  a  rock  u  h 
has  tlirci'  and  a  hall'  t'i'vl  on  it  at  one  low  water  (tlie  li,ilt  tide  or  low  water  small)  may  lie  aw, 
at  the  next  snceeedinp  I  >\v  water. 

'I'hese  ]iecnliarities  are  j;ra|)lii('all>  sliown  in  the  pa;,*'  of  lidal  enrvrs  lierewitli  presented. 

These  iiie(|nalities  depend  npon  tlii'  moon's  deeliiiation.  Thev  disappear  near  (lie  lime  of  i 
moon's  declination  beinu' zero,  and  aie  ;,M'eaiest  alioni  the  time  of  its  bein;;  f^realest,  either  poi 
or  sonlh.  'I'he  iMei,nalities  I'oi'  low  v.  :u-['  are  iwl  the  same  as  lor  hi.uh  water,  thonj,'!)  the\  dis, 
\H-M  and  have  the  ^'reatest  valne  at  nearly  the  same  times. 

When  tin'  moon's  declination  is  noi'tli,  llie  hii;iu '■  of  the  two  lii;;li  lii'.es  of  the  twenty  i 
hours  occurs  at  San  I'raneisco  alioul  cle\»'n  .ind  a  half  hours  al'tiM- t  he  n,  ■■.'.■.  transit :  and  ui; 
the  declination  is  son  ill,  the  lower  ol  the  i  \v  ■!  Ii:„h  tides  occurs  at  a  I  ion  t  th.it  interv.il.  The  |(k> 
ofthetwolow  walcis  ot' the  da,\   is  the  one  which  lollowsnexl  tlie'ii;;!!  water. 

']"hc  ('('irecicd  llslalilishmeiit,  or  mcui  interv  al  liet  ween  !lie  moon's  transit  and  the  time  of  hi 
water,  ,il  NorMi  i!e;'.'.'!i.  San  i'rancisco  liay .  Is  I'J'it"".     The  mean   rise  and   tall  of  tides  is  tin 
and  seven  telilhs  tcet  ;  of  sjii  in:.;  tides,  four  and  li\e  tenths  led  ;  ami  ot'  neap  tuh  <.  two  ami  n 
ti'liths  icct.     The  mean  dnralioii  id'  the  llood    is  ti''  ."i-"!";  ol'  the  elili.  .">''  ."id"';  and  of  the  stand  : 
T'lie  a'>ci.'.j:e  dilfcieiice   lietween   the  Collected    I'.staldishmeiit  ol   the  a.  in.  and  j).  ni.  tides  oi    • 


;anie  ilay  i 


s  1''  j.-N"  t'or  hii;li  water,  and  *>'■  .'iS"  for  low   water.     These  ditVcici 


ices    w  lien    tile    momi'' 


deeiinalion  is  uri'iitest  are 


II  audit'  Is'.  'I'he  a\eril;;(' dllVcreliee  ill  liei;;ht  of  these  twoliih 
i.<  one  and  oiicteiiih  feci  for  the  lii;;li  wati'is,  and  two  and  twn  tenths  feel  tor  the  low  wiiici 
When  the  nioon's  dielin.ition  is  "rcalest,  those  dilferencc.-.  .iie  one  toot  and  a  half  and  three  .m 
se\enteiillis  feet,  respeetix  cl\ .     T'lie  av(ia;;e  dilicieiice  of  the  higher  hiuh  ami  lower  low  w:irc; 


it'  the  s.iiiic  da\   is  li\c  and  t  \i  oleiillis  Icct,  ami 


w  iu'ii  t  lie  moon  s  (lee 


lilial 


Kill  IS  LTeaiest.  ^i\  .11;. 


ilietelith  feet.     The   higher  lii;;h    tide    in   the  I wciii y-foiir  hours  oceiir.s  alioilt    11''  UL!'"  after  li 


nuioii  s  npp 


transit  isoiiihiii;;),  when  the  moon's  declin.ition  isnoilh,  ami  .iliout    I'MIU"   I 


leloii 


.hen   south:    the  lowci   of   the  low   w.itcr-,  ahoiii    7'    alter  the  hi;.;her   hi;;h   tide.     The  -re.ilcst 


ilisei^eil  dilVcicin'e  lieiwc'.  n  the  iw..l 


ow  waters  ol  one  d.n  w 


,ts  li\e  and  three  tenths   leet.      .\:\i\ 


the  ;:reatest  oltxivi'il  difcrcn.  e   hetvveen    the  lii;;her  lii;,h   and  lower  low  w  ateis  td' one  da  . 
nine  and  liiiiciy  three  one  hiimlr.  dlh.^  tcet.  on  I'elii  iiai>  S.  l^Ti!.  w  hen  it  ran  out  in  (>''  l.'l'';  .. 
next  day  there  wa>  a  t'.dl  of  ci;;hl  .ind  twenty  .si'ven  one  hundredths  feel  in  il''  .l,i"'.     The  jnei:  .   . 
iioiiii,\l  fad  ofeach  of  ihcse  lideswassix  and  two  tenths  feet,  and  the  .iinesli''  tt'"  and  (!''.'!.'{   .     1    . 
lilies  of  tins  •,'\ceptioiial  ri.se  and  fall  are  very  iiilreipient. 

The  two  tides  of  tin-  saim-  d.iv  are  u'eiier.illy  uneipial  in  piopo,iion  to  the  nioon's  dccliiMini). 

In  tiie  ali-eiice  of  the  ail!iliaM\    pllldislied   t.dilcs  the  time  ami  lieii;ht  of  the  tides  cm  he  ohi.i I 

a;iplo\ini;i!el\  fii.in  the  following  tahle: 


Alnnll'-*  .ll'pri    Mil  I  I.I 


lall  .iitrtH-li. 


MiM.n  m1.  .  la.uti''ij 


in_li  n.ilir. 


M.Kill  ■.  l.iH.  I    III.  lliluill  |.:l.».-*il;:i' 


l,.iw    W;ttl-I. 


111. nil        ll.i-lit,       lhl.i\,il        ll.iclil        liil.n;il        II.M.;lil         ln'"?Mil,       ll.i.l  I 


i;r..iii'..l  11. .nil. 


I  ill'.. I.  .1  .-.11,11 


'xY 


The  interv  ;d  IS  to  he  ,iddcd    'o    ihe    Ilini'Ol'llie   11 ii's    meridian    I 


niul.  and  low  wale' 


lie  .iililcil    111    llie    liineol    I  lie   moons    meridian    passa;4e   to    Hive    ll 
'1  he  time  ol  the  moon's  upper  meridian  pa^sajze  is  ;,'i\en  in  the  aim 


I    pass:i;;e    is\cl\    nearl,\    the    middle    lietwee 


v\  ■>  .sneccs- 


the  lime  of  it'    lowii    meridiai 

p,lssa;.'es.      The   hei-lils    ;i|e    -iveli    III    tcet    and    leli'ils    .Hid    -how    the    rise     iliove    111' 

le  Miiindiiiu's  on  the  <'li  ill  are  \:\\  i 


average  o 


Ihe  1, 


.1    ll 


W    >'.   Her-;    ll,  w 


pell   lev  e 


,s/ic-7i/ /ii/...._.Sl    Ihe  I'lill   anil  chan-e  of  Ihe   moon  ihehi-h  ualeiswill  lie  lliree  lent' 


fool  lii'.v(ier  iliiin  the  nl  ,i\e.  and  ll 


le  low    w  .1 


.\  I  nil  li.l 


U\  -  fiHir  lelilli«  of  a  foot  lower. 


I'y. —  .\|  the  niiioh's  lir-i  and  l,i.-.t 


mil  Iei>  the  hiuh  waters  will  he  three  tenth 


lower.  :i|,  I   til,.  |,,u    waters  will   mil    l.d!  ;;s   low    liy   fiHir  tenths  of  a  hint. 


Ihe  hiLih  wild  makes  at   North  Ileaeh  Hi 


tenths  of  a  loot  lower.     The  low  water  makes  tweid 


iileeii  minnles  l.ilei  t hail  at  Fort  I'oiiil,  and       i«i)- 


.\  SIX  minutes  latei,  and  is  one 


lentil  el    '  ('""I 


^1^ 


>  ,)i' 


'I  r 


!^i    ?ll 


W...1 


;av 


-i> 

>M 

L'r; 

\ 

^^ 

-U        \  1 

■'■/•^ 

■'■' 

I 

'    -^1 


fif^C'c"! 


■ill 


^  iiffl 


1 

1 

1  > 

'  '   %"•: 

i  '■ 

' 

1 

I 
1 

I      1 

1, 

'/'//<    /i//)t-M   iiiiil  hfu/liis  <>/' tjir  l]it)h  (iiiH  l,(nv]V(t 


AM 


Noopi 


Noo« 

.H       1(1      II 


\        ,/-' 


AM  Nogn  AM  Nou< 

I'.    Ill    0      ■     ■.     I.    :     111    0     L     ',     ii     B    lu    0    ':     '■     f.    i.l    111    0 


\ 


/' 


\ 


/ 


V  ,.V 


X 


.■-•/<* 


y 


.1* 


./ 


IH      C  .)/'<;';?■«•      '* 


N 


\ 


.■,»     ,\.«#.vv.-,    /■'/ 


X       y 


.•<»    ;  V    ■.•  ...  })      .' 


\ 


y 


IV 


'■i>   l.'y-  -i'-     /('■ 


j;i 


'    N 


X 


,V;  ',_  K-/^  .\fo' 


\ 


/ 


\  ,x 


'l' ijir  IJii/li  iiiiii  LinvW'iitcrs    nl   S'ln  Ffniifi  srii ,    ^Itiy    Wu'l't 


H       .V        I, 


','„.     M.i.n       l>'J.,r  ^.,l.'",l- 


I 


f\  B  :s> 


w 


l»'f,t  I 


i 


i:  1 


ifiJl 


.;; 

^ 

;;,    ;:| 

!  ^1 

;i^ 

1'!' 

*' 

i  1    ' 

l1 

> 

i 

• 

^■'' 

ri 


I  »':;r 


Pi 


(ii'i 


i  l' 


m 


'■>. ,    'S  >i  ■■ 


r^ 


y-' 


■T* 


^"^i^^ 


■y-wvy-^^ 


8an  Bruno  Mouiitiiiii,  E.  \  S.,  12  niileH. 


Approikulieg  to  the  Eiitraiicu  of  San  Fraiir.iiico  Buj'  ^Iruiii  tin'  l<iiii,v  oil  (lit'  Kui  j. 


.M(inl;irii  Mciuiil:iiii,  l.'.MO  I'itI. 
I'ciHit  Siiii  I'l'ilrcp,  SI-;,  i  1,  .  VI  mill' 


^^~-, 


:;Kv^^'g:v\30j^ 


K.I    .:•  .     Mill' Kdi'li,  S;ni  liiiiiin  Monniuin.  I.;!-.'.!  Iiti 

iil.l  lion.  1,1  l.ighl-t.av.T.  I'.imtHi.iii-t^i  Hl'ii- Mi.iiiilani.  :i'.>T  Iri't.  I  ,,i>,l  I,ol,„>.  S,-al  Iom'Us.  u,.,-,,,  Siijr  llniiic. 

ro;;,'-v:     .  i.'.      I,ii;lit-I'.(iiisi..  Wiiidinili  on  I'niiit  Liilmt.  SK.  b.  i:    ,  K. 

For  w. ml  l!,iiii,'H  for  tljr  lionrtii  or  Soj  tli  CliaiiMcl.     i,  Vn-v\  !,•-    ii  uhi'n  iiliriMsi   Ti  iimi-s»ii.  Com.  'J  mhIi'm  Ironi  I'oinl  Honrta.) 


Monl.ir;!  Moiiiil;iiji.   l.'.tlO  t'l-il        I'oinl  S.m  I'lii; 


^•ff 


"t^.    ■ 


'i'f^%>(V 


I'onii   Khjch  l.iglil-limiBi',  11  lili  ii;i»  I'oiiit  \h\\ 

!■''  ''■''";-' ■  ^l'-'  lioin'l;i  of  Aorii.  ('Icuai,  1    tak.oi  on  tli.'  l(:inK.-,  \  niili-  Soni  , ., 


' '■  ll.ill.-toi.-.  H.iy.  Iiiin!,'.'.  I'oinl  Kivv-s  kill-,.  loinl   I! In  l.inH'   ho'i 

'■ '   (lornl.t)  Uoi  liy  I'oinl,  :in.l  hinhcHt  ViMlilo  pralv,  N  U,  )iv  W,  J  \\\ 


\i  i 


M 


■  iV    I 


■   4 

i 

-,..,!■■ 

t 

1  ;■  ,,^ 

'  4 

i. 

if 


pAcinc  (MiAsr  I'li.or.  227 

li,„,        Tlir  lii;,'1i  wiitcr  iiiiiKcs  III  Siiiicclilo  (wciitytwo  miiiiitcs  curlier  tlian  ;it   I'^ort   Point,  iiiid 
i.  ,i;i,   iiiiilidla  li'ot  lii^jlifr;  till' low  water  makes  ci;,'!!!  iiiiiiiiles  lalei,  ami  is  twoteiitlis  ut' a  loot 

I '  (•  iieciiiiarily  oC  tlie   I'ai'ilie  ("nasi   tides  was  lirsl    noticed    li\   llecclu  and  l!odej,'a  in  June, 
ITT'i.  vvlicM  tiie_s  made  a  sni\cv  of  I'ort  'I'linidad.* 

I  III'.    (I   I.Ml'.NIS    IN     llli;    (iol.JiV.N    IIAIC.    AMI    A  l'l'i;(  lACIIKS. 

'I'll'  main  diit'l  (d'lii-  waters  otVtiie  coast  is  lium  the  ninlliwcstwaid,  hcin;,'  in  jtait  tlic  tlowot' 
I  hi'  \v  ,.!cis  lit'  the  "ileal  .Ia|ian  stream  after  st  liUii;;  I  he  norl  liuesi  coast. 

iiii!iicdialel\  onlside  of  tlie  (loldeli  (late  tiieie  is  a  conliniions,  alllion;;li  M-cncrally  sli;,dit,  I'lir- 
'iMi,  li'iii;:  till'  coast  line  III  ilic  iiorlliwaid  liiiown  as  the  m///v  ctni'.l  iiirniil,  and  lo  wliic.ii  the  form 
,iiiil  e\i>tcnii'  of  till'  liar  i>  in  pait  atliiliiited.  Unl  ilic  ciunnts  mo>i  alfcetin;,'  na\i;;ation  in  Uiis 
ril.i;  \  aie  I  lie  usual  tela!  cm  lent  s.  Across  t  lie  I -a;  I  lie  llow  of  1  lie  I  iilal  waters  ciin\  clues  towards 
:iii' I'll' laliee  lii'l  u  cell  the  lleaiis  with  a  |ire|Minilel  aine  fidlii  the  soil'hwaid,  Tlie  llooil  current  is 
!r|i  ..I'liHir  ainiiiiil  I'oiiil  l.olios  lliaii  aioiiiiil  roini  r>oni'la.  and  iroiind  Imili  ]ioinIs  cailiei  than 
irriiss  I  lie  Main  Ship  <  'ijanncl.  Close  arm  mil  Point  Lulios  the  yonii;;  tlood  nlalvl■^  earliest,  and  the 
.111  !i  water  foiciii;.'  its  wav  close  aloiit;  the  shore  is  in  \cry  marked  contrast  uilli  the  discolored 
.[III  .|  ihi'hay  innniii;;' out.  MoreoM'r,  t'rom  the  tidal  |ii'ciiliai  ities  cxhiliiled  on  the  seirre;,'is- 
I'liiij  u.111^,'1' at  tlielii;,'li  and  low  waters,  it  seems  cei  tain  that  the  sniisniface  current  is  the  lirst 
1,1  fi.i.i'  IIS  way  in  e.nd  out.  Tlie  iire|ionilciance  of  ilie  elih  cnrrcnt  is  tow  aids  the  west  ainl  north- 
«;inl  iK'iaiise  I  lie  march  of  the  coast  tidal  current  and  tliemo\ement  of  I  he  coast  eddy  current  are 
iiiH.niN  I  111  iiorlli  ward.  The  indications  from  the  form  of  the  hot  torn  lict  '.\  ecu  the  I  leads  and  on  t- 
'.iiii>  .111' thai  the  main  mass  of  t  he  elili  waters  diviiles  into  two  |iiiiiciiial  sireams,  luie  towards 
ill' >eu;liw  ;iiil  and  the  ot  her  lovsards  the  westsoiilhwest  ward  iinder  the  soiilli  side  ot'  the  i''onr- 
;4liiiiii  liiiilt,  This  latter  cnrrcnt  crosses  the  bar  at  the  .Main  Ship  (  haiiiiel,  but  we  lia\  c  no  direct 
nn'ilsiii  IS  ol  its  \  eloeily. 

■|!ici|ei'|i  r.oiiela  ('haiiiiel  between  tile  eastern  emlofthe  Four falhoni  ILink  and  Point  P.oncta 

,,i.sih.i  been  tlioron^lil.N  stndi'-d.  and  its  |iecnliariiies  are  therelbrc  not  tiillx  known.      I  •iiriii;,'' ebb- 

li- I'ltwi  I  n  the  I  leads,  a  cm  reiil  bno\   was  dro|"|ied  on  the  eil^e  of  the  l'"om  lalliom  i!.ink  abnnt 

'  ill' null' wcsiiiorlliwest  from  I'oiiit  Pionela  and  oliscr\  alioiis  mailc  u|ion   its  dull.      I'liis  cnrr.  nt 

lis  ilii'ii  iiinnin^'  southeastward,  as  if   a    tlood  cmreiit,  aloiii;  the  line  ot'ilie  clianiiel   iiniil   ii 

1  iiriiaiiSeieil    the    iiiaiii    ebb-current    jiassiiij;   west    by    Point    lionet. i.      Pvcii   then    the    siibsiirfact' 

■iilir.iiiiins   wcMi'    thai    the    incomiii;,'  edily    cm  rent    was  pi'e\  ailing'.     Small   coasters   report    the 

ill'K'liI   lilliliilii.^  in  on  bolh  the  ebb  and  the  llooil. 

Tl."  llooil  ciiireiit  inns  lonm'st  uniler  tin'  shore  between  Point  l.obos  and  fori  Point,  and 
\rii  iller  the  ebb  ciirieiit  Is  rminin^r  ,,iiisidc  j-'oi  t  Point,  this  late  Ilood  and  I  ill- I'lldy  miller  Port 
I'liilit  nill  ciiiy  a  vessel  in  with  liylit  airs  and  calms  close  iiiiiler  the  tort,  liiit  upon  piishiiiir  out 
iilii  Ilii-  (iiililen  (!ate  the  ebb  w  ill  be  apt  to  cai  l'.\   iier  bodily  out. 

Ii.  I'miirta  Cove,  between  I'oiiit  Koiieta  and  Point  I'laiilo  where  anilior.'i;:e  may  be  h.iil  in 
■  „'lii  I  iiliniiis,  f,'ra\ell\  but  loin .,  there  is  iniicli  less  force  111'  I  he  eiirreni  than  in  the  o|>positc  bi;:ht 
■iiiliiiii  iiiu  the  Mile  Pocks,  aroniid  which  ilic  currents  run  very  irreuiilaily  and  \eiy  stioiii,dy.  A 
!•«  iiiiiiiiii  -  alii  r  slack  water  at  the  .Mile  Pocks  the  current  runs  two  and  a  li.ilf  miles  per  hour, 
liisiili  ilic  Ibiids  ^ciiii'.illv  I  hi'  current. s  run  \  cry  si  ion;,',  with  deep  whirl  in;;,  boiliiif;  eddies.  liea\  y 
^ll^,  ii'il  iix  il  talis  at  llie  l,ir;^c  tides  duriii;;  stroiiir  w  iinls.  Ilelwecn  Port  Point  and  I.inie  Point 
'>i'  li.n  '■  iiira-iiii  il  1  he  ebb  surface  current  running,'  w  iili  a  \  I'locily  of  si\  .iinl  si\  ten  1  lis  miles  pir 
■ii'iii.  >  iiibt  iht  .subsurface  ciiiieiits  lia\e  been  mc.isured  rnnniiii,'  over  ei.ulit  miles  per  hour. 
tfii'M  '  ■  1mi  :tics  are  not  surprising,' ^vllcll  it  is  recollected  thai  the  tidal  waters  of  -San  I'"r.iiiiisco, 
^'  '  •  nil',  ."-^iiisiiii  l;a>  s,  eiiibiaciii;;  four  hiindiid  .iiid  foils  sipi, ire  miles,  must  pass  lliroiiijh 
"■='■:""   ~-iibsiirface  ;;oi'^'e  of  I  he  ( luldiui  ( late  ill  t  he  t  iliie  of  each  tide.    • 

P"   'I  "i|  water  in.siile  the  (bilileii  ( late  runs  mainly  to  the  iioitliiiorl  lieast  and  to  the  iiorih 
■  I'ls  a  \ci'y  slroiiL,'  cmi'eiil  is  found  seltiiii;  iiiidcr  the   norili  slope  of   the  Presidio  .Slmal 
"'  .Vicli  and  Shaji  Pocks.      .Vioiiinl   these  d.inu'crs  arc  \  iolenl  and  iiie;;iilai' sw  iris,  and 
'lus  indicate  deep  scoiiiiii^s.      .\  vessel   coiiiiiii,'  ill  with   .1  stroll;;'  Ilood  current  and  li;;'lit 
'   '■  ■irloie  in  dailj^er  of  bcili^-  cai  rird  mi  eillnl'  of  these  rocks. 

'  I'^liliiriiriiiii  il.-  I.I  I  'iis|:i  S,i,|,iiiii,,h.il  ill-  I J  t'^ililiiniia  i-ii  ITT-'i  rmi  III  fniuala  S:ilil  iaf;i>  y  lii.li't.-i  .Srimni 
•I  '  I  li-iiii-iili-  ill  N,i\  H,  1 1  r,i!ii„.  ,1,  III  Ti-ia.  >  1  I  ill-  pracMla  1' •  .tiiaii  l-'raiii-isrn  ili-  la  ltiiili-t;a  y  t^iiiiilru, 
1'"  ill- Sail  I'll, l^  iiasl.'i  lui  .'■-    ill-  l.iiiiiiil. 


!     ,^ 


1) 


h{%-        aji     i 


'   n 


ii-^»« 


n 


m.', 


>  i.it 


.,  li 


f  i 


\V 


m 


^f^., 


228 


I'Acirn'  COAST  rii.or. 


At  II  sfatioii  Iii'twrt'ii  I'oil    roini  mill   tlic   Pivsidin  Slioiil  Imoy  wluMi  llio  stiviid  of  llu' Iium, 


i1 


lliyll  wiUi'l' I'fciiriril  lit   I'oil   I'nilit  ll 


.iil>  III'  llic  I'lirniil  iiii'iM  rcil  iil  ilic  .simu'  time.      WIiimi  th 


y^i 


staiul  tit'  till'  siiiall  liiuli  "iitt-r  niiuiiiil  llic  shicU  of  llir  ciimiit  wiis  iniuf  tliaii  one  liniir  imiImi 
At  tlif  staiiil  III'  till'  !iiij:f  low  wnicr  llir  >ImiU  hI  the  ciiirciit  was  an  lioiir  ami  a  lialf  latn,  ami  .n 
•  111' slaiiil  of  ilu' small  liiw  walfi- llic  ciint'iil  <liaii;:ril  iimrc  than  an  lidiir  altri'.  Tims  iIm' clili  i , 
seen  to  Mill  out  iiiiicli  Kiii;;t>i'  than  llii'  lloiid  runs  in  in  tins  liii'alltv.  'I'lir  l.til  lliat  tlic  t'lili  riirii'iii 
iiiakt's  lailirr  mIhiil:  iln-  soiiili  slimi'  iiisnlc  ilic  I  loMin  ( lair  is  wrll  known  to  all  tin-  coast  ns  w  Im 
Work  out  I  lo.-<c  iimlci  that  slioic  oii  the  killer  |>.iil  el'  llic  Hood  anil  pass  I'oi'l  Point  at  llic  eailii  ^i 
inacticahle  stauc  ol'  llic  slack  Mood  ciiircnt.  ll  is  ;4iiieiall.v  estimated  tlial  llie  elih  current  maki  ■• 
an  lioiir  earlier  on  lliis  soiitli  slioic  tli  in  at  Sancelito, 

A  \v\\  stiniii;  llood  cm  lent  sets  III  roil  ;,'li  llic  Kaccooii  Straits,  with  sin  in;;'  s\\  irliii;,'  and  I  mi  I 
ill;;  eddies;  and  the  elili  cmreiit  also  cnmes  \ei'v  sti'oiiL;l,\  thioimli  the  strait  t'loiii  the  ii|i|Mr  liav , 
and  stiikin;;  Yellow  lUiitV  ami  roiiil  Cavallo  is  thrown  o\er  towards  the  I'lesidJo  Shoal  and 
causes  irre;,'iilar  and  stroii;;  ciiiieiits  around  Tort  Point. 

Oil'  the  citv  liont  I  he  cm  rents  iiin  with  a  direction  ;:ciieially  parallel  with  the  shore  line,  ainl 
a  i|U;irter  of  a  in  lie  olV  the  noi  th  »  .1  \\.\\\  tlie\  reach  two  and  a  iinarler  miles  per  hour  at  iialt'  and 
three  qiiarteis  elili  on  the  lal;;e  low  water,  whilst  near  lUossom  K'ock  tlie\  tall  lielow  tine  aiiil  .1 
halt'  miles  ]ier  hoiii'  'villi  a  >lron;;  overfall.  .Montr  the  south  shore  the  cnirciil  of  the  lar;;e  low 
w.itcr  is  nearly  two  and  a  li.ilf  miles  |icr  hour  at  the  half  and  tlireei|iiarters  ehli. 

IJctwccii  the  city  front  and  the  southwest  side  of  Veilia  I'.iieiia  Island,  the  currents  run  witli 
;;reatei'  velocity  than  at  any  of  the  lut'ore  nieiitioned  polnls.  On  the  lari;e  low  water,  at  liallclih. 
the  ciirrriit  runs  two  and  iliice  Iciiths  inihsper  hour:  at  three  quarter  elih.  two  ;in(l  ei;,'lil  leiiihs 
miles;  and  at  the  >taiiil  two  miles.  .\l  the  small  low  water  these  quantities  for  the  same  pei  lods 
are  one  and  eiL;litlentli>,  one  ami  ei;;hlteiiths,  and  one  and  a  half  miles  per  hour.  At  the  hiiu'c 
llood  the  current  leaches  one  ;'ni|  ei;;lit  tenths  for  half  the  tide.  ( liie  mile  east  of  liincon  Point 
in  ten  and  a  half  fathoms  t  he  elili  cm  rent  icaches  two  and  ei;:hl  leiillis  miles  per  hour  at  iliiei' 
qiiai  tel  elili  ol'  the  laiu'c  low  water,  aiiil  one  and  M'\  ell  t  ciil  h>  at  the  small  low  water;  at  tliel.ii^i' 
iIoimI  the  cmreiii  reaches  two  and  one-tenth  miles  al  lial  f  llood.  and  at  the  same  |ieiioil  ol  tin 
small  llood  the  current  re.iches  two  mih  s  per  hour. 

'I'lie  alio\c  remarks  are  ;;eiiei,ili/at  ions  from  actual  idiscrv  .itioiis  ;  hut  from  the  e\'ei- cliaii;;iii;: 
conditions  in  c\ery  jiait  of  the  lia\  the  lelalions  of  the  cmrriils  and  the  tiiles  \ar\. 


m 


1111.  ti;mpi;ua  n  i;i;  m-    iiii;  \vaii;i;  m-  mik  lini.nKN  hatk. 


'•?;',    lP 


m 


\P' 


.\t  the  tidal  slation  at  I''oi1  i'oliit,  on  the  south  slioie  of  the  t  lolden  ( lali',  and  al  Saii.rli;.'. 
I'l  the  north  shore,  where  il  was  suliseqiieiitly  localetl.  the  oliservi  r  notes  the  temperature  ol  Hi'- 
lir  and  water  several  liiiies  each  da,\.  .\  taliiilalioii  of  the  lempeialme  of  the  siiiface  waler  ami 
if  ilie  ,iir  has  licrii  made  for  I  he  m'\  rii  o'cl  uk    iiii'iniii'^  olisei  \  at  ions  fiom  the  daih   record  I'l'  l!ii' 


tell    \eais    eMelldlll;,'    1 1  om  .l.iinia  1  \ .   1S7  1,  to  I  Icccmtii  I ,   l^^s 
the    lowest    temperatmc  of  llie   water  |s  Im    the    iiiolilh  ol    .1; 


This  comhiised   lalile  show  ^  ll 
11  \.  .Ml  .I'.l  I'ahr.,  and   the  h;. 


'or  the  moll  I  h  of  Septemlier,  ."I'.l  MIS  I'.ihr. :  and  thus  t  he  a\  cla;;e  i  aiiue  is  onh   nine  di 


owe 


st  monthly  teiiipcr.ilme  oliserxed  was  .lanuar\,  Iss:;.  vvhm  ii  leached   I.    .'i,  and    ihiliii 


in  .\n,misi,  I.smi.  ci    .i.     'lii,.  i,i;. 
teiiilier  was  .")7  .'.I  ill  1  s7  |. 

The  teiiipeialme  of  the  an  I 


liest    ialii,'e   in  .laiiuaiA   w  a-' 


!•  Ill  IsTS;  and  llic  1 


ow  est  III 


\ii\  ilose!\   I  hat  of  I  he  w  atei,  liciiiL;  IT    .S  for  .f  iniiaM  ;i: '! 


.">.s   .,S    I'lir    ."septeiiilicr;    luil    tlic    moiilli    |i>r   ihe   lii;,'liest    tenipeialure  was   .liine,  lieiiiu'  <>"      • 
tallies.  how.'Mr,  cle,ni>  iiidic  it,-  in  detail  the  ;;rcat  uniformil\  of  the  tciiiperatiire  of  the  w.ii'  i    ':i 
this  jiart  of  the  coast,  an  '■  af  the  air  w  itliin  lifleiu  feel  at    the  surface  of  the  water. 


To  flirt  hei' show   t!ie  re''ulaiil\   of  III 


l.iliiilat  ion  is  made  for  ll 


I'  dail\  cliau;,'!'  of  Ilir  lempn.iture  of  the  walci.  a 


le  moiilh  of  .laiinaiy.  alioiii    I  he  niiddie  of  w  liicli    iiionlh   the   tcMi|i' 


of  tlic  u  ,ii(  r  ai  1  i\  es  at  its  I 


ow  I    ~I      st.lL:c.    |n| 


a    lii'l  loil  111    ell 


Mil    \eais   from  |s7,'!|o  |ss;;iii 


The  decrease  and  then  the  increase  diiiiii;,'  the  month  are  quite  small,  hut  almost  unifiiini. 

ll  is  this  unifoiniily  of  lempcratiire  of  the  sea  water  almiL:  the  Pacilic  Coast  and  its  lo"    ■  .i 
peialiiii'   wliiih    conspire   with   aliernatinu'  w  ai  in   .iiid    ciinipaiali\  el.\    quiet    pciinds   and   lln •' 


liorthwesl    wiiiils  ll 
iiutiimn. 


the   peculiar   fo;;;:\    coiidilioiis   winch    pii\.iil    duriii;;    the   sinii 


liiii  ft 


II  III ' 
rlici. 
ml  ai 
■h\f  I. 

riciii 
I  vx  Im 
rlir^i 

llllKr-- 
1  llcili 

r  li.i.v . 
I  ;in<l 

i^,  aiiil 
it'  aii4 
iiiiil  .1 
;c  lu.\ 

I  Willi 

lfrl>l>. 
tt'lillis 

(t'lilHlf* 

•  lal ur 
l',.;i,t 
lliliM. 

(•  lai  _'• 

ol    iIm 


■clili'. 
Ill'  iIh- 
■la!,.l 

if     1      M- 

^  II  .i: 
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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


11.25 


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^   1^    12.0 
If  ^         1^ 

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Hiotpgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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WEBSTER, NY.  MSSO 

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['r('iii|irlatiiit>  1)1  iIh-  wiittT.  K.ilir.   I 


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.'■8. 8ii       57.  30       52.  lU  {    48. 


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IIII'llllK. 

0 

1 

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.tliflniil  t'f  (liiUy  liiiiiiiiitluri  III'  till  mill 


1 1,  ,1. 


'.'/  ".' 


I'  llir 


iilii  III'  .litniiiti-y  I'ltr  1  U 


i-t;!-'-:!. 


Kiiiln  18711  111 
18811   lll.lllNivr 

Mi.mi  nf 

d.iily   I.-lll- 

lit-latilif 

Kahr.' 

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\rKi  liirl 

.lanunry 

7:1  111 

Mi\r. 
12. 

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l-'alil,  ' 

50  0 

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M.an  i.f 

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h.  laluii', 

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.liiiiiiarv 

1  . 

SI.  1 

January  23  ... 

50.  .1 

Jiuiiiaiy 

•J 

51  0 

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Ill 

40.  II 

.laimiity  24   .. 

00.7 

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3    . 

50  » 

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14  .. 

.VI.  1 

■1  .Hillary  25    .. 

.'.0.  5 

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4  .    . 

,'.0. 11 

.lalillniy 

1,-.    .. 

M.  2 

Jaiiiiarv  2il   .. 

60. .'. 

.liuiiiiiry 

5 

51  0 

.lanuiirv 

10 

.111  li 

.lannary  27   .. 

50.  :> 

•  l.llllKII  \ 

ti    . 

SOU 

Jaiuiary 

17    .. 

,'111  7 

.laiiiiary  28  . .. 

50.2 

.liiiiiiarv 

7 

51.1 

.liiiiiiat'\ 

18, 

5". .-. 

.lannary  29. . 

50. .'. 

.1. Hillary 

8     .. 

,'81  8 

.Iiiniinry 

IK 

,".n  :i 

•laniiaiy  30  .  . . 

.'..1  .'. 

Jaim.iry 

.I.4III1MI  V 

11     . 
10 

.'.0  4 

.luiiimiy 
•luiiuary 

20  . . . 

511  2 
fiO  3 

.laiiiinry  :it 

SI,  an 

rm.  54 

Jauuaiy 

11  .. 

50.5 

.Imiiiui'.v 

22... 

,'iO.  0 

Uiiipliical  plotiiiip:  of  till'  tfiiiptTiitun's  of  the  air  and  watiT  in  llic  ("mlilt'ii  Ciitti',  cxliiliitcd 


llltill    I  l>t  tllllit',  .sill 

irii'iiii  si  liiiiv 

.III  I. 

ti'iii 

n|  11,1 

liir  I 


.;<'st.s  till-  ill!  i  III  lit  I'  I  el, 1 1  ion  cM.stiii^  lift  wct'ii  tiic  piTioilsof  ro^^iiinl  tlii>  pcrimls  of 

cncf  in  ti-iiip«'t'atinv  of  air  ami  water.     When  the  inontlilv  iiuaii  ti'iiipeiatiiic  of  tliu 

11  .years,  oliseiveil  at  .S  p.  in.,  was  plotteil  on  tiie  .saiiic  scale  it  was  foiiinl  to  tall  Itelow  tlio 

1"  I  It.  re  of  the  water  from  April  to  Septi-mlter  imliisive,  ami  to  lie  iiImim  it  lor  the  reinaimler 

ai  ;  lint  when  the  inoiitlily  meaii  of  three  ilaii.v  ol)ser\ations,  at   la.  m.,  tli  m.,  and  .S  p.  m., 

til  M'lirs  was  plotted  on  the  .same  .scale  it  wasfumiil  to  lie  luacticallv  the  same  as  llietemi 


leni- 


liii'i'iii   III 

lliilh    '  li  I, 


e  water  diiriiif;  May,  .Iniu',  and  Septemlier;  to  lie  aliove  the  tempeiatiiie  of  the  wj.ter 
ilier  to  April  imlnsive,  and  ti  i'all  lielow  the  teinperatnie  ol  the  water  only  in  .Inly  and 
•hdij  and  AiiijumI  itiv  the  masoHH  i>/almo.sl  iiiiiliiiiKtHsfixjs.     It  wiiiild  .seem,  therefore,  tli  .t 


*  ' 


230 


PACIl'IC    COAST    l'IM>T. 


\   t 


f-1 


tllf 


wlifiii'vcr  till-  ti'iniH'ratiiH'  of  tlii'  ;!ir  falls  below  tliiit  of  llu'  water,  wliicli  iattt-r  is  verv  miili.rm. 
fdjis  aie  foiiiifd  ;  aiiillheii  lieiiNilv  anil  coiitiiniaiiee  ilepend  ti|ioii  the  pri'iioiidenilitr  iluiiii;;  the 
whole  tweiit^tlbiir  hours  of  a  teiii|ieiatiiie  of  the  air  lower  than  that  of  the  water. 

THE  WINDS  ON  THE  PACIFIC  COAST. 

Sometimes  it  has  lieen  advised  for  a  sailii;^:  vessel  to  work  elose  alon;:  shore  to  northern  iimi. 
diirinj;  the  summer  uorlliwest  wnids.  and  lake  the  eimnees  of  land  Inee/es  to  make  latitude;  Inn 
tlieatlempl  will  lie  \er.\  apt  to  douMe  the  hiij:lli  ot  any  pa>sa};e.  Ilallliuj;  li;;ht  airs  and  lalins 
fr('(|uentl,v  exist  ahuij;  the  e(»ast,  «hile  vessels  sexcral  hnndrei.  miles  olV  shoi'e  have  stroii;;  uorih 
westwiniN;  anil  when  as  tarout  as  lln  loii;:itude  the  w  iiid  veers  to  the  northward,  and  evi'i 
east  of  nort'i.sit  that  a  vessel  can  head  up  \ir\  well.  Moreover,  alon;;  the  eoast  we  know  that  llir 
current,  alter  a  prevalence  of  norlh«  esteil\  winds,  siunetimes  sets  fiom  one  to  two  miles  per  liuni 
from  the  norihward,  eNce|it  very  close  under  the  shores.  In  our  experience  we  have  never  vei  iiui 
a  wind  olV  the  land  north  of  San  Fianeiseo.  ami  very  rarely  indeed  south  of  it,  except  in  the  reM|,,i, 
of  the  i^aula  llai  liara  ('liannel.  .\s  a  {jeneral  rule  it  may  i)e  safely  stated  that  the  lighter  suiniin  i 
winds  ltd  low  the  line  of  the  coast  nearly,  and  };radually  draw  towards  an<lo\erthe  laud.  In  wiuh  i. 
with  winds  Iroin  the  southward,  this  is  not  .so  nuiikcd  :  and  yet  m>  vessel  with  a  reasoualde  otliiiL; 
has  ever  liceii  <lriveu  on  a  lee  shore. 

I'rcun  April  to  Oi'tober,  inclusive,  the  iirevailiiif;  wind  is  I'rom  the  northwest  to  westnorihucx;, 
eliauuinji  to  wot  in  valleys  opeuluir  upon  the  coast,  but  in  no  case  so  strou;;ly  as  Hirou;;li  liic 
(loldeii  (iate.     I>uriu^  the  snmiuer  the  wind  sets  in  strong  about  |(»  a.  m.,  incrcasiiii;-  until  maiU 


.sunset,  when  it  l)ey;ius  to  die  awa\. 


Duriu"'  its  height  it  almost   rcunlarlv  brinjis  in  a  deii>c  |. 


which,  wiukin^  :ls  way  oxer  the  peninsula,  uu'cts  that  alread.v  advain-ed  tliron;,'h  the  (ioldcu  tiaic 
and  envelopes  San   Framisco  and   the  bay  by  sunset.     As  a  rule  the  bree/.e.  unless  ver,\   strnii-. 


tines  not  dispel  the  U 


It  a  foj;  exists  outside  the  wind  is  sure  to  biinj;  it  in,  but  tlu'  heatci 


dissipates  it  tor  a  time  until  the  suitace  is  chilled,  ami  then  tlie  fo;; covers  ever\  thinj;. 

From  November  to  .March  the  wimi  is  trei|Uently  from  the  southeast,  blowin;;  heavily  lor  I'vn 
or  three  da\s  with  a  faUiiifi  barometer,  wiukinj;  round  to  the  southwest,  with  a  lar;;e  and  binKii! 
swell  IVom  the  southw'st,  and  weather  thick,  rainy,  and  si|ually.  Mnriii;;-  the  continnauce  ii  i 
"souili"a>ter'"  the  headlamis  can  {generally  be  nmdeout  when  scveial  miles  distant.  The  wcaii  ; 
is  nut  colli  but  disa^Mi'iable;  the  lirst  ii--e  of  tin'  barometer  indn'ati  s  the  break  ill};  ot  the  yalc.  .umI 
after  the  w  iiid  has  cliiuucd  to  siiulliwcsl  Im  a  few  hours  the  clouds  break  their  didl  nniloiiiiiU. 
the  wincl  veeis  rapidly,  the  »'londs  dissipate,  and  the  horizon  clears.  If  the  mulhwcster  coniri  ;.  s 
the  baromclci  ri.-es  very  hiuli.  If  the  '•soiillnasier  "  has  blown  a  K''''"  f'"'  several  days  an  u.i\ 
cross  sea  collies  up  as  the  wind  veers  to  aid  thi'  Ion;;  re^rnlar  westerly  roll  of  the  I'acilhr. 

Diiiin;;  heavy  eontinii!)Us  "  southeasters"  the  sea  breaks  upon  the  San  P'raneiseo  Bar  fnun  •u>' 
l''our  fathom  Hank  round  to  the  south  shore,  preseuliii};  a  fearful  si;;ht.     It  is  probable  thai  :    ' 
heaviest  breakeis  occasionally  occur  ill  seven   fathoiiis.     The  roar  <ui   the  bureau  be  heard  a  i    ' 
aiiclioraK<'otf  the  east  I'ront  of  the  city:   and  the  permanent  self  resist  eriii^,'  ti(le-j;aii^r<'  ut  ."^ain  ■ 


records  the  clian.cter  of  the  bieakiiiK.  ^^'u 


I  her 


heavv  or  otherwi>e. 


Dnriiij;  some  winters  a  hard  "  mnther  "  will  spriii;;  up  aial  nlow  steadily  and  sii(inj;l>  fi 


to  tivi'  davs.  with  a  clear   bine 


iiid  cold    braciii'T  weather.     Winds  rarelv  bl 


ow  from  p< 


between   iiorili.   round   by  ea>t   ti>  southeast.     Ibii   the  autiimu  of  and  winter  of  !s7o-'7l   wa- 
marki'd  except  ion.  ea>teil,v  and  noi  tlieasteily  wimls  pievailiii;;.     Diiriii};  lliefallof  |s;o  ilic  «  li  i 
from  the  .\ictic  Ocean.  iMUind  to  the  Samlw  ich    Islands,   had  such  a   snecessiou  of  easteilv  wn 


that  thev   all    fed  t< 


aid   of  the   islamis 


In    the   winter  of  ISSii-'S,!  there   was  an  ■luu 


prevalence  ot  northeilv  winds;  and  very  ficipiently  the  prevailing;  vviiul  for  Deeeinber  and  .lai 
IS  from  the  north. 


The  fuitlier  noitli  we  ;Hlv;iuce  the  lieavi 


ier  blow  the  trales  in  winter. 


Th 


e  V\  inter  L'alcs  (>l 


III 


co;ist  have  their  oii;:iii   to  the  northwest,  ami   we  m.iy   know  whether  the  center  <if  a  slm 
the  muthwaid  by  the  direction  of  the  wjml.     If  the  wind  is  lioin  the  .southward  the  ceiilei m 
storm  is  to  the  iioilhwaid.  an<l  this  is  the  ic  'sim  why  a   heavy  .southeaster  frei|iiently  coiiiiii-  ■ 
two  or  three  days  to  the  iKUthward   before  ii    reaches  .San    I'raiieiseo.     With  the  noitliwest  v      ' 
emms  the  iioinud  baroinetei,  ami  hence  it  is  remarked  that  the  northwest  winds  are  not  piedi.  i    I 
by  the  barometer,  but  those  Iroin  the  .southeast  iire  almost  invariably  indicated  by  the  liaioiii'     ! 
falliii;;  an  inch  liiun  its  iKuiual  hci;;hl  of  m-arly  thirty   inches.     In   the  latitude  of  Sail  Frain  .    o 
the  i)reuioiiitory  fall  may,  however,  be  only  two  or  three  tenths  of  an  iucL.     When  the  I 


laruuii 


lir;;  -  to  1' 
(led.  .i-.e.  ( 
,1  Ir    .1  barol 

HiM'i  iT  am 
<  '11  the 
iM>.t  i  l\  airs 
•.iMi' ■  ml.  ( 
lllhrf.  seven 
, Ill's  ■'  lli'tl  si 

:is  !'■ ,  and 
\nili  .lilfcrer 
ilii'  ii>iial  no 
l>i'iHh~iila  ot' 

hut   h  ''   ijllitt 


I  lie  sum 

all'  aiiiiost  CO 
Islaihi-.  Alas 
tn'i|iiiiitly  sli 
waters  ■.!■  the 

i.llltll.lcs.       A 

(■nasi,  w  hilst 

Wlini  th 
iiiMsiliic  at  tl 
iliMisi;\  jN  till 

lIlllMI-li    lllc    w 

l,ll';;r  aicas  iit' 
"I-  lifli  I  II  hill 
'•ll\r|..[,ili;;  sn 
!||iilllilaiiis  he 
li.ivc  li'll  the  1 
|li'\c'iii|i  ami  I 
ilii'  aliiii.sphei 
llMill■('^  toward 
l^iii-  here  am 

ll.lW    MM-ll   fr|-,.;| 

III  ilie  w  ai 

"Mtlnll  llolll  tl 
illiT  licl  w  ecu    1 

I, III.'  ihc  heat  I 
I'liiarkably  dr; 
■III  Irani  the  oc 
' '  till'  iiiici'ior  ' 
'"••an  i.ikfs  th 
ii:iilii'i|iately  eli 
:iImImm.|.  III,.  ,., 

I';  'liantl^v 
'l.tails  . if  thee, 
linlii'ta.  It  is  I 
as  thi-  Si.Tia  S; 

.111.1     Mi,. ,.|||.,.      ,|„ 

'■iii;i'  .lie  .seen 

\'  -els  HOI 
^'itliniil  seeinjj 

•'^liaii  .n  .Iiian  ( 
'k^**-    .S.oling  ' 


I'Acikk;  coasi    I'li.ur. 


2.*n 


■ill 

WiM' 
I'.l^' 

llllic'i 

.iir>  ■ 

:i>    I 

III)'  K 

|1C|I1I 

lull  h 


^  1(1  lisr,  till'  wind  iM!i\  l>t'  fxpcflcil  scion  Ik  sliill  idimhI  I>v  llic  west  to  norfliwcst,  an<l  to 
iM'.  Only  in  one  instance  in  onr  cxpt'iicni'i'  have  \\<'  liail  a  sirnnt;  sonllMiistfi'  lor  a  (la,\  with 
II  liaroini'ltT,  and  that  was  oil' tlu^Sliail  of  .liiaii  dt-  Fnca  wlun  wv  liati  vciv  lu-avy  soiifln-iiy 
ci-  and  a  rii;;litriil  sea  lor  sr\cn  tlays. 

Ml  ilic  summits  of  tilt'  nioiuilainH  liordcriiif;  IIic  coast,  liylil,  waiin,  vciy  dry,  varialtic  and 

;\  airs  arc  frcipiciitly  t^xpcricnccd   whilst    tlic  north\Mst    winds  aic  liiowin;;  freshly  on  the 

lid.     (Ml  Koss  Moiinlaiii,  only  Ihiec  miles  froiii  the  roa>l  and  i  isiiiL:  twenty  one  liiindred  and 

^  seven  teet  fi'oin  the  ri;;lit  hank  of  ihe  SlaviansKa  or  i;ii>>ian  l>'i\ei,  \\e  foiiiid  lii:hl  \ai'ialde 

hni  sironj;  noithwest  windt*  were  lilowin};  over  llu'  oec.in.      I'poii  .Snipliiir  I'eaK,  in  latitude 

'. ,  and  twenty  six  miles  from  Ihe  coast,  we  liave  had  fresh  lirec/es  from  Ihc  east-northeast, 

.lillciciiccs  of  Ihirtyfonr  decrees  I'ahi.  lietwecn  the  wet  and  dry  linlli  Ihei  inoincters.  whilst 

>iial  northwest  winds  were  prevailing,'  aion^  the  coast.      I  'pon  .Moiinl  'I'.imalpais,  on  the  north 

i-iila  of  San  l"raneis<'o  IJay,  the  wind  is  the  same  as  oiiiside  and  Ihron^h  the  (ioldeii  t!afe, 

ii  (luite  so  Ntroiij,'. 

THK  FOGS  ON  THK  PACIFIC  COAST. 


Ilie  siiintn«'r  fo};.s  ])i'evail  upon  the  coast  from  .Iniie  to  Seplemiier,  and  in  some  sea.soiis  they 

,iri'  ;i; st  conliiiiions  and  \('ry  dense.     They  e\teiid  alon;;  the  whole  sealmaid  Imm  the  Aleutian 

1>I;iimI>.  .\hiska,  ISriti.sh  Colnmliia,  etc..  and  at  times  reach  as  far  soiiih  as  Cipe  .San  Lucas.     They 

lrri|ii<  iitly  stretch  Neveral  hundred  miles  se.iw.nd  and  appear  |o  mark  the  pieseii f  the  cooled 

wiiii^i'l'  the  KiiroSiwo  or  .Ia|ianese  Warm  Stream  alter  it  has  •^i\«'n  np  lis  heat  in  the  lii;rhcr 
i.itiiii>li'<.  .\l  times  they  appear  local,  and  exist  in  Ihe  \  iciiiily  of  the  ;;'reat  winti  "{aps  alon;;  the 
ifi.isi.  uliiisi  the  ]iromiiient  capes,  headlands,  and  <'oast  peaks  arc  iifv. 

When  these  loiij^continiicd  lo;;s  prevail  they  lie  directly  upon  the  water,  and  olijects  are 
iii\iMMe  at  Ihe  distance  of  a  ship's  length.  .\s  a  rule  the\  arc  onl.v  li;;lit  at  sea,  hut  increa.se  in 
iliii»i:\  .(>  they  reach  the  warmer  shores.  Sneli  toy;s  are  wd.  cold,  and  penelratiny; ;  they  pass 
tliiiiii-li  the  wind  K'M"*  ""'I  leach  Ihe  valleysof  Ihe  interior,  siunctimes  drawing;  into  and  covering' 
l,ii;;r  iiiiis  of  the  ilreat  \'alle_\  of  Califoriii.i.  These  toys  attain  an  avera;;e  liei;.'hl  of  foiirleeii 
nililiMii  hnndred  feet  aliove  the  sea,  and  someliines  ri.-e  asliiyh  as  twent.v  six  hniidii'd  feel, 
"iiMl.ipiii;;  sncli  peaks  as  .Mount  Tamalpais,  iloss  Mountain,  etc  When  the  ohserver  is  on  the 
'iiiiiiin.iiiis  he  will  occasionally  see  the  toys  dissipated  alony:  ilie  immediaie  coastline  after  they 
.live  leli  ilie  hills;  but  hefore  the  sea  is  uncovered,  the  heat  ol  the  d.iy  falls,  .iinl  the  lo;;s  a;.'ain 
i|i'Vi'ln|i  and  roll  lhroii;;h  e\  cry  ;jorye  ami  valley.  I!veii  if  the  fii;j- chars  aw. ly  lielore  noon  and 
ilir  Miiniisphere  continues  clear  for  a  few  hours,  the  condeiisaliiMi  of  the  ai|Ueous  vapor  a^jain  com- 
liic'iiio  Inwards  sunset.  Sometimes  lar;;e  areas  of  the  ocean  are  seen  clear  of  fo;;s  with  ;;ieat  masses 
Unix  li'ie  and  there;  and  frcipiently  wc  have  looked  down  iiilo  the  (Inlf  of  the  I'arallones  and 
li.i\>  M  ell  t;reat  spaces  i  lear  of  fo;;,  w  hich,  howe\  »'r,  was  cii\ clopiii;;  !  he  yronp  of  the  I'arallones. 

In  I  lie  w  armer  days  of  su  miner,  w  hen  there  is  little  or  no  w  ind  alon;;  the  >ealioard,  the  evap- 
'  liiliiiii  iiiim  the  snrface  of  tli«>  sea  saturates  the  air  with  aipicous  \  apor,  and  there  is  little  diD'cr- 
riiic  heiwecn  the  temperatures  exliiiiitetl  li\  the  dry  and  wet  liulti  therinomelers.  \\  the  same 
Mil'  lii.'  heat  in  the  (lieat  N'allcy  of  California  and  the  adjacent  vallcxs  is  veiy  ^jreat  and  the  air 
I'liiaiLiMy  dry.     After  ii  few  days  of  this  excessive  heat   over  the  land  and   Ihe  calm  at  sea,  the 

•<M  liiin  1 1 1'can  is  drawn  in  thi'ou;:li  all  the  >•  wind  ^laps"  to  supply  the  place  of  the  healed  air 

"I'tiic  iiiieiior  valleys.  When  the  movcnieiit  coiumcnccs,  the  air  in  contaci  w  iih  the  surfaci'  of  Ihc 
I'liMii  i.ikes  the  lower  temperature  of  the  water,  w  hich  ian;;es  Irom  ."iti  |o  tiO  in  summer,  and 
iiiiiic.li.iiely  chills  the  a<pH'()iiHdatlen  air  ahove  it  ami  forms  the  to;;  which  i>  then  moved  toward 
uml  M\i  I  the  coast  shores. 

I'l  ■iiantly  the  heavy  foj^s  of  summer  are  |)reeeded  hv  a  veiv  dark,  blue  ha/e  that  hides  the 
liitnil'- ,.f  ilie  coast  line,  especially  in  such  a  iccedin;:  sliore  as  :hal  lielween  I'oinI   Keyesand  I'dint 

'' ■' 1      ll  IS  then  very  dilVicult  toi'stlmate  distances.     Iiidcr  the  ;;rcat  nionnlain   liai  i  iers,  siuli 

:i- Iih  Sierra  Saida  Lucia,  this  ha/e  or  a  lia/y  I'o;;  will  form  clo^c  nnder  the  hiu:h  |trecii)itous  shore 
.iiMJ  ..I.  iiie  |||(>  eoaslline,  but  to  the  vessels  three  to  ti\e  miles  olf  shore  the  hi;;h  peaks  of  the 
i.iii-e  .lie  .seen  above  this  opaipie  atmosphen'  and  iitili/ed  as  landmarks. 

V.  mIs  sonietimes  encounter  the  summer  foes  when  Ihe.v  leave  port,  anil  make  their  trip 
«]liinii!  seein;;  thesnii  or  laml.  In  1.S.VS  the  siii  vev  iny  biiy:  FniiittUnnj  inadi'  the  passa;;e  from  Ihe 
^liaii  .liian  do  Fncii  ti»  San  Kram-iseo  and  never  yot  siy;ht  of  Ihe  sun  or  Ihe  kind  tor  I  wj'iity  two 
'l'.^^'       iilin;;  vessels  Lavo  laid  oil'  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  Kiver  four  or  live  weeks  witliout 


Jib 


■  N' 


I  :.n 


1  \v 

i, 


11 


-vx-* 


I'Aciric  (iiAsr  iii.iir. 


P' 


kiHiwiii;;  tlifir  position.  \Vf  li;i\i  lucii  lliiri>  tivr  (l;i\s  iit  (';i|if  l>jsaii|ioiiilini'iil  willioiit  jicltin- 
iiii  ohsorviiiion  ;il  iii;.'lit  on  iirrunnt  of  Co^.s.  In  .Inlv  iiml  An;;Mst,  is,".!),  tlicrc  wiis  ii  iicriod  ,•< 
thirtv  nino  il:i\s  nf  contiiiuons  loj;  rcconlcd  ;it  Toinl  Itcvcs.  ami  tlniMifi  llir  (list  tt-n  tla,\s  of  lli.i; 
liciioil  till-  snn  was  iiivisiltlc.  ami  alliT  tliat  onl\  visible  now  and  then  ovcrlit'ad  llirou;;li  llir  (o;;. 

When  smli  ('(intiniioiis  fof^s  licjiiii  to  dissipati',  tlii-v  ficar  a\va>  ovt-ihrad  in  tlic  wannest  |piii; 
of  tile  dav.  occasionally  allowing  a  si;;lit  of  the  water  for  a  rnile;  on  snliseiim  nt  <lays  the  hori/.m 
may  become  visible  and  the  I'o;;  remain  lonj,'er  away,  i>ut  it  closes  down  at  nijjlit.  Tiiey  al-n 
become  less  wet.  cold,  and  jicneiratiny;. 

Sometimes  this  foj:  In  i;ins  to  lift  bodily,  as  it  were,  and  the  horizon  and  the  lower  i>arts  ot'  tlic 
coast  line  become  visjhh';  and  not  nnfri'<|nently  it  lill>  so  lii.it  the  underside  of  the  fo;^.eloiiil  i> 
Ired,  or  even  two  hnndrecl,  t'eet  above  the  surface  of  the  water.     Allhon;;ii  the  shoi-e  Mia\ 

lize  localities  iiiidei'  such  jieenliar  aspects.     This  liftiiiu' 


one  liiim 

lie  \  isible  it  is  cxtremel.s  ditlieidt  to  lei 

of  the  fo;;  does  not   necessarily  continue  all  ni.uht,  but   ma\  last   Ion;;  einiuy;li  after  sunset  foi  ,i 

vessel  to  obtain  siuht  of  a  li;;lit  house  if  it  be  low  enoii;;h.     Or  a  fo^r  having' luaiiv  of  these  ch.ir.K 

tt'risties  nia.v  form  alon^'  the  coast  with  a  well-detincd  under  suitace  that  never  comes  down  npnii 

the  water. 

Oil'  the  (loldeii  (late  We  have  seen  the  hulls  of  liftecn  or  twenty  vessels  ami  the  line  of  mrl.v 


coast  vi^ilile  i 


rst  beneath  tlie  fo'' cloud,  and  have  made  Point    I'loneta  clear  to  a  ln'i;;lit  of 


mir 


hiuidred  feet  v  liile  the  hi;iher  jiarts  were  in  impi'iietrable  fo^'.     I'rom  the  exi>erience  of  navi;:ati 


on  this  coast  and  the  oilicer- 


over  Ilnriv  \ears, 


if  the  Coast  and  (ieodi'tic  Siirvev  workin;;  aloii''  the  se; 


board  Inr 


i.ih  I 


the  aveia;;e  hei;;ht  of  the  under  surlace  of  the  lifting;  fo;j  cloud  Is  estln 
about  ei;;litv  to  one  huildled  teet  above  the  water.  To  meet  just  such  conditions  the  I,i;;lithnavc 
(Ml  Point  Poneta  was  clian;:ed  to  a  low»>r  position,  and  the  I.i^;hts  on  the  coast  an^  beiny  (daceil  as 
low  as  practicabl"  for  this  very  reason. 

During:  the  iirevalciice  of  these  fo^s  the  wind  is  moderate,  li^ht,  or  calm;  tliey  may  break  up 


ithout  wind  and  the  weather  bei'omc  mild  and  pleasant  with  little  wind.     Or  strong' nortli 


winds  may  come  up  and  drive  awav  the  fo^',  biin;;in;;  clear  skies  and  the  rcfiular  northwest  swell 
ol  the  Pacilie, 

In  winter,  the  t'o^'s  are  replaced  by  lln'  thick,  murky  weather  of  the  "  soiitheasters '"  wlnrh 
brin^  up  ram  and  sijuails.  but  through  wliich  headlands  may  be  made  out  vvher.  severa'  mih-  lii-- 
taiit.     l'"o;;s  do  occur  in  wiiiti'r,  but  they  are  exceptional  and  do  not  last  lon^j. 

To  the  olisei  \  cr  on  the  moll  mains  the  ^'leat  fo;;s  appe.ir  as  an  ocean  of  (doiid.  throne  h  u  ImiIi 
the  siiiiiinits  of  the  higher  mounlains  appear  as  islands;  it  is  troin  stations  on  the  coast  niciiiij:- 
ains  that  we  have  determined  the  liei;;lit  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  fo^'-cloud  and  tlie.r  roiiliin' 
ol  clian;;i-s. 

In  the  fo;;s  ot  snniiiier  and  the  thick  weather  of  vvintei'  the  steam  f(>;;vvhistles  at  the  I.  .;hi- 
liouse  stations  on  the  coast  are  to  be  relied  upon  for  obtaiiiin;.'  a  vessel's  position,  as  the  I-i^hl-<  i ni 


not  be  seen  through  the  foo^s.     Put   the  distance  can  not  always  be  jiul};cd  by  the  loudness  of 


tl)' 


sound 


Some  (iinoiis  results  have  bi 


en  developed  by   the  I'nited  States  Li^'litdioiist^  Kii^'iin 


this  (oast  troiii  the  riinnlii;,^  of  the  fo;,'^  signals.  'I'lie  |(ersistence  of  t'o^s  may  be  lueasiired  b\  iln 
a^'j: rebate  time  letpiired  in  ^iv  in;,'  warning:  signals  during'  fo^'s ;  and  the  monthly  and  yeailv  inc. his 
of  the  hours  so  employed  at  the  dilVrrent  stations  ^wi'  their  relative  liability  to  fo^s.  Tin  '  , 
jiortant  fact  has  been  emphasized  that  the  locality  of  maximnm  fo^  lies  between  the  IP.nl-'l 
San  I'rancisco  ami  Point  Itcves.  or  w  ithiii  the  norlhern  jiart  of  the  ( iiilf  of  the  r'aralloiics.  I  In- 
had  been  our  expi'iience  in  t wo  seasoii.s' ocen|)ati(ni  of  Miaiiit  Tamalpais.  North  of  I'oini  !>'  > - 
the  decrease  of  freipieiicy  ot'  tin-  fo^rs  is  not  so  rapid  as  to  tho  .southward  of  the  lleatls.     ,\I  I' I 


Arena  I.i^lit  Ir 


ninety-one  miles  from  Point  Poiieta,  the  loj,'  recoitl  shows  a  ;;reater  jn.'V. 


than  at  Pigeon  Point  I.iuhthoiise  oi'  Point  .Vho  Nuevo  l''o;,'-wliistle,  respectively  thirty  and  ik     ' 
eight  miles  to  the  southward  ot'  the  Heads. 

Put  t  he  decrease  is  not  colli  iiiuoiis  to  t  he  north wanl  beeausi*  the  "  wiml  ^riil"* "  •""'  "' '"''  '  '  '' 
eirciiiiistaiires  cause  niiich  comleiisalion,  as  for  example  at  lluinbohll  l!ay,  where  the  low  km  i-. 
the  fresliwaler  slrcams,  the  Ion;;,  low  sand  lieacli,  and  the  leewaid  barriei'  of  tlit^  .Memle  im 
Mountains  conspire  to  aivo  an  excessive  amount  of  fo;;  at  the  lliimbohll  Pay  liiyht.  It  i-  '■•''■ 
persistent  at  the  Humboldt  Pay  entrance,  while  Tiiiiidad  Head  and  ("ape  .Mendocino  and  the  m,i- 
ward  horizon  may  be  char.  A  second  example  is  farther  north:  Point  Adams  is  at  the  iiioiiin  "( 
theColiiuibia  Itiver,  and  in  ISTll  the  fog-whistle  was  used  h-.ss  than  half  as  lougasut  roiiit  Poi  •  M. 


I'oiiil  Pone 


ciitriiice  to 


v;\\'i\    seaso 


r:iiii\  .--easoi 
since  1S|!»  V 
ami  ninety  1 


I'ACinc    COAST    I'll.oT. 


L'.i.'l 


AtliiiiiH  JN  a  low  jtoinl  willi  iiii  «'xt«'nHiv('  iin-a  oC  low  roiiritrv  lii'liiml  it,  with  flic  larp<'  rivtT 
i!H  tiiltiitaiit'.",  ami  is  also  to  Ict'wanl  of  Slioalwalir  lla.v,  wlicic  tli*>  fo;,'s  form  j-ailiir, 
•  Ilii;,'  to  our  toiir  iiioiitiis'  i-xpcrii  uvt'  in  IS.'d,  On  the  conliarv,  tlic  'rillaniook  l,ij;lit  lionsc  is 
lork  alti'cast  tli«'  nioniitainons  <'oast.  to  tlio  ^.llltll^val'll  of  tlir  <'olniiilija  IMmt.  At  tills  station 
>;:  wliistio  was  nsnl  alioiit  on*>  sixth  tho  tiiiiM  it  was  in  oiitiatinn  at  I'niiit  llonita.  Coniparctl 
roint  Adams  tin-  wliisth-  at.  Tillamo<ik  was  ns<-i|  onlv  half  tin-  timi>  of  that  point. 
I'm-  tli«'  thiit.v-two  months  crniin;,'  June  .'!0,  \^<i,  tlii'  av(ra;;r  monthly  nsc  of  tin-  fo^r  sijjnal  at 

I'di   I  j'loni-ta  was  onf-hamlK'd  anil  lift\fonr  hours,  ami  foi' tlit- Sontiii-ast   I'arallon  ninrt.s  hours. 

ilir.  ((iiillrmH  <inr  fxpt'iit'iico  of  the  foj;  Hurrounilinj;  tlic  islamls  licinj,'  hss  than  that  covciinn  the 

cull  iiicc  to  tho  (iohlrn  (iatt'. 

I  or  further  remark.)  on  fo^ts  see  Temperature  of  thr  Water  in  the  (ioldm  (late,  pa-jes  L'ii.S-'_';!(». 


nil 
IIk 


THE  SEASONS. 

There   are  Imt   two  seasons  on   the    I'aeilic   coast,  nsnal 


ly  denominated  the  dry  and  the 
laiiiv  seasons;  (he  former  eonespondin;;  to  the  Atlantic  sniiiiner,  and  I  lie  latter  In  the  winter ; 
lull  iiiiich  error  exists  in  regard  to  them,  especially  as  to  the  ainoiiiit  of  rain  fallini;  diirin;;  tlu; 
raiii>  >cason.  The  following;  totals  of  rain  that  fell  at  San  (''raneisco  tlnriii;;  each  rainy  .seasoti 
siiii'i'  isttt  will  show  tliat  the  amount  is  not  preat.  The  point  of  oliservation  was  two  hundred 
ami  ninety  feet  above  the  bay. 


■ 

-     - 

~       ' 

Iiiiriiii!   111.' 

ruiiu  Mt'iiitiiii 

"of- 

.VntKiMit  i.l 
luili-lull. 

l.lMMll.                          "'~ 

.\IIH1IHII  lit 

i.iin  l.ill. 

NllllllMTIlf 

ll.l\  -  llllllll 
will,  h  II 
1  iilii'il 

Ini'het, 

II 

iiichftl. 

1H41I    50.... 

■.a.  1 

M    Mm~-m 

.'14.11 

71 

IH.'KI-  ,M    ... 

:. » 

M       l.'itl7    CH 

nil.8 

711 

li-.-.l-S-'... 

IH.  4 

r...     iwij.  fill  ... 

•J1.4 

82 

1K'.2-'.W . . . 

Xv  :i 

70       infill    70 

ma 

57 

18.'i:i'.-4... 

■iX  11 

►  J      Ih7n-  71 

14  1 

48 

lK'>4-'r<5    .. 

'.'a  7 

70       1H71.72 

:u.7 

711 

ll.,'i.'.    Ml... 

21.7 

.'.«     1H7L'  7:i 

18.0 

:ii 

liw.--.'.;.... 

UI.H 

na     lti7:i-'74   ... 

;4  0 

Kh 

m,-iV-'.'.« . . . 

•Jl.9 

.'ifi       1.-74    7.-I    ... 

18  4 

4S 

u:o<-;^  .. 

•j2. 2 

fill     1S7.'.  ^n 

'Jfl.  11 

811 

IRMITiO... 

•X.S 

74       l«7(i-77 

10.(1 

48 

1  Will-  81  .... 

l».7 

71       11177  ■7H    .... 

ai  1 

ri8 

lhiil-«2.... 

4»:i 

d.l       I  (.711    79 

•J4.0 

68 

i«--8:i.... 

III  n 

:-i       18711    8lP    ... 

'><l.4 

611 

IWB-M... 

10   1 

:i7      iwu  >! 

27.  .1 

81 

1WM-(K>    .. 

'.'4.  7 

•Ml       IfSi-M' 

l.V  (1 

r>8 

1»I65-(I6... 

22.  B 

(;«     isK.i- <!.... 

111  8 

.M 

Avcra^i'  |ireri|iit}itioii  nf  tliirtv  fniii  miiiy  m'iimmiih    2:!  i  iniliix. 
A  vtMii^t   iiiiiiitii-i'  ol  lilt;  M  II [Mill  w  hit  h  it  tiiiiH'tl     iVt  4 


Tlu' rolli)\viii;;  tiiblocxhilMts  liow  the  ion'K»»in;;  >i'uil.\  aimmiils   wviv  ^lislrilnUol  oarli   intnitli 
tintii  iliily,  1S|!»,  to  i\n^  oiid  of  .liiiit',  ISS.'i: 


Ucmn 

Mraii    liuln 

lii-l   III'  ilii>M 

in  whii  li 

ILMII    It'll. 

mnntlilv 
ruih-litll. 

Illl  lll'H. 

Siiiiiniur\   liir  i  :ii  ti  Ht'iti*iiii. 

Jull.- 

11.  18 

0.11     1 

.III!}    

0.  m 

0  a      Toll 

1  Tor  lliii  MiiiiiiniT       n.  1 1  illl  hi-M  nil    1.7 

IllVl* 

Ant;uHt ... 

0  fl.-i 

11  ,'.    1 

Sfptt'iiilHir 

(1.  la 

la     1 

Oi'tiiln-r... 

0.7h 

a.  2      'I'liiii 

1  I'm  till'   .iiiluiiin       a  I'll  iii>  111  14  nil  11.  .'• 

l.l\K. 

NoveintN'r  . 

a  7a 

7  11    ) 

IlfflMlihrr 

r>  40 

118     1 

iTitiiiiHry 

5. 12 

1"  a      'riiii 

1   I'.ir   Uii'  uihtiT    14  la  iiiilii'K  nil  ai.o 

1,1  Ml. 

Ki-Iiriiary  .. 

a.  81 

8  i|    j 

Munli 

a  04 

II  a    1 

.\)irll 

1.70 

6.  a    '  'rill. 

1     li.l     Illl.    »|.lltli;        .'.  411  illl  In  >  I'll  111  '.' 

l;l>s. 

M«>    

0.118 

a.  li    j 

AviTllltli 

2a.  40               u:i.  4 

1 

2a.  4U                     Itl.  4 

I 


i'.J 


V 


'  illl 


Pr.i 


h 


'  -''  W 


'i   ■! 
l! 

t    ,      ' 


]  il 


i  lyik 


11 


in 


2:v\ 


'ACiriC    <<tAM     PILOT. 


An  cxiiiMiiiafion  of  tin'  oxli'iiilftl  liihlcs  IVoiii  wliirli  llic  iilinvc  results  nri>  (Icrlvi'd  sliows  ilin 
Its  ii  iiilf.  tlic  >,'if;ilcst  iiiimiiiit  tif  \\ jittT  fiilLs  ill   Hiti'imImt  iiiul  .lai.iiiii;v  ;  in  liict  ncarl.v  unr  li,, 
of  llif  wiiolc  iiii'(i|iiIation  of  llicvciir  falls  in  tliosc  two  inontiis.     In  si\  Kcccniluis  of  tins  pcrr   i 
from  It'n  to  siMocn  ami   tliict"  ipiai  tcis  incliis    of  rain  liaxc  lallcn  ;  in  tiim*  Jaiinai\s  lioni   let 
anti  two  thirds  to  twenty  I'onr  ami  tnie  tliini  inelies  of  rain  have  lalleii.     It  is  also  remarked  ili.n 
there  is  a  \  frv  notalile  ahalemeiit    dnnn;;lhe  rainy  season,  sonulinies  eslendin^  thron^li  niii  ■ 
than  a  nmnth;  lint  this  partial  eessation  of  rainfall  takes  plaet^  at  dill'erent  times  in  dilVeiem 
years;  the  most  inaiked  and  proloti;:ed  instances  line  oeenired  in  •laiiiiary  and  Feltrnar\.      I  • 
instance,  in  each  of  li\  e  I'"elirnar\  s  half  an  ini'h  of  rain,  or  less,  has  lalleii. 

Althoiijih  ^larcl'.  virtually  closes  tht>  rainy  seaNO?i.  \ei  in  April,  issn,  thei-e  was;;  very  mail,.  , 
period  of  southeast  weather,  wiih  a  downfall  of  ten  inches  of  r.iiii  at  San  I'raiieisco;  and  as  In. 
as  May,  ISs;;,  three  and  forty  seven  hiindredlhs  inches  of  rain  lellallhe  same  place.  In, Inn., 
l.S,Sl,  tlu're  fell  twoami  forty  four  hnndiedths  inches. 

I'pon  the  rain  tall  of  winter  depends  the  nicat  wheat  and  ki'"'"  <'I<>1>s  of  (.'alitoiiiia.  Wiin 
twenty  three  inches  of  rain  at  .San  Francisco,  the  Stale  with  its  present  acreage  is  aole  to  .-lnii 
twi'iity-threi'  millions  ccnlals  of  wheal,  and  the  nnmlier  oi'vcsscls  cariyin^r  llie  crop  to  I'liin-n 
ports  has  liccii  as  hitih  as  li\t'  hnndred  and  torty-eij;hi  in  one  year,  from  July  1,  is.si.to  .liine  '■'<!>, 

I,S,S.,'. 

It  is  a  well  estalilished  fact  tliat  the  rain  fall  on  the  seaward  side  of  the  mountain  raii;,'e^  '"i 
the  <-oastline  is  two  and  a  half  t  lines  j^reater  than  upon  the  cash  in  side  of  the  moiinlaiiis.  A  ; 'i 
this  }:('neral  expressimi  of  {jreater  jirecipilatioii  holds  }:ood  even  on  the  western  tlaiiks  ot'  the  Sieii.i 
Nevada.  ."Moreover,  the  rainfall  is  vastly  {jreater  at  the  northern  extiemily  of  the  (Ileal  Null"  \ 
of  <'alifornia  t'lan  at  the  soiiihern  eNtremitv ,  rcachiii},'  one  hundred  inches  at  the  tow  n  of  .Sh,i-!.i 
and  lalliii^^  to  three  inciies  at  the  Kern   Itiver. 

Towards  the  sonili  the  annual  rainfall  decreases  <;i'adnally  to  an  a  vera  ^.'e  of  nine  or  ten  iiii  Im^ 
at  San   Diep)  and  increases  to  tiie  norlhward,  rcacliin;f  ei;;hlyniiie  inches  at   Ihe  nioiiili  nl   ili. 
("oliimliia  Itiver,  and  one  hnndred  and  tweiitylixc  inches  al  Iheeiiliance  to  tiie  .Sirail  ol  ,liian  il 
l''iica.     The  nnmlier  of  lainy  da.\s  incicascs  also  as  we  jin  iiorili  until  there  is  rain  tall  thronyhniii 


the  year,  with,  liowevi 


a  til-eat,  pre] 


oml 


erance  in   wiiite 


Northward  of  Cape   Meinh 


rain  fall  incicascs  very  rapiiliy,  lint  is  contlned  to  a  narrow  lielt  of  the  co.isl,     \\\-  have  tio  hkmshu 
of  the  rain  tall  at  sea  for  any  f:i\  en  laliliide. 

iSoiiiliwardof  San  i>iej;o  the  rain  fail  decreases  and  the  seasons  ehan;;e  al  ion  t  the  latitude  of  J>  . 
where  we  liiid  the  moiintains  freipieiilly  covered  with  masses  of  clouds  looking'  iniich  like  lain.  I'.:i 
little  or  no  rain  (alls.     This  limited  rc'iion  of  cloinls  aiiu  no  lain   is  localh  k 


iiowii  to  na\  i'laiiii  - 


Wv 


■iloiiiriims. 


South  of  latitude  L's  '  the  drv  .season  occurs  diiiiii''  tlii'  winter  and  1 1 


If  Wi  ,   >c;IM'll 


diiriii;;  the  summer.     At  San  ,Iose  del  ("alio,  in  lalilnde  LM  '  or.  at  the  southern  extremity  of  ( '  iIi 
foriiia.  the  rainfall  for  sexcral  seasons  avera;;ed  four  or  live  inches. 

In  the  rc^iinii  of  San  I'raiieisco  li;,'htiiin«  and  thnnderare  \ery  rarely  seen  and  heard,  and  onl.\ 
iijioii  two  or  three  occasions  has  snow  fallen  in  that  eily.     On  the  mountains  alon;,'  the  sc.i  lio.ii.l 

snow  sometimes  falls,  Init  with  triliin;; depths,  and  it  disappears  in  a  day  or  two.     .s,.n i  th.       I 

iiavijrators  mention  seein;:  snow  on  the  seaeoast  mountains.     In  .laiiuary,  l.S.Stt,  the  snow  tall  alMH.- 
the  entire  coast  w;is  very  liea\y  ;  Init  some  winters  pass  without  any. 

BAROlVlIiTRIC  INDICATIONS  OI"  WP;ATHER. 
T'poii  this  coa.;t,  in  the  latitude  of  San    I'rancisco,  the  liarometer  niider;;()es   such   iimdci  ' 


eliaii;,'es  in  winter  tiiat  by  il  alone  the  character  of  the  comiii'' 


wealliir  can  ha 


rdJN 


lint  tlie  iiavi;.'ator  K^i'liers  from  the  appearance  of  the  weather,  the  <piai 
trathcrinj;.  the  teiiiperatiiie  and  hnmiilily  of  the  air,  the  diicclion  of  tii 


on^'hinj;  throii^'h  Wio  rij;;:iiifj,  whether  a  southeaster  is 


lei    wiicie    I  lie  cloini-.  .in' 
e  swell,  and   the   peciiii  ir 


eomiii;r  Up.     I'lirilicr  iioiili  ihi' 


teiistics  of  the   weather  are  more  marked.     The  eloiids    p'licrally  bank   to  the  iniilli 
wind  is  variable  and  li}.'lit,  the  temperature  and  liiimidity  of  the  air  increase; 


and  steadily  j;oes  down  below  its  normal  hei;;lit  of  L'!i.li,"i,  tl 
clouds  jivow  lica\  icr  and  darker,  and  in  ji  few  Inn 


le  Willi 


Isctl 


the  I 
IS  from  till 


laioincii  I  --Iciw  ly 
p||lhr.l>l,  111'' 


lis  a  "southeaster"  is  lilowiii;;.     liiil  this  uiml  is 
rarely  Kontheast  evin  by  compass;  its  ^'eiicial  direction  is  parallel  with  the  coastline,  and  in-i'li 
of  I'oint  Concepcjon  the  coast  docs  not  form  a  lee  shore  except  where  Ihe  shore  trends  wtsiw 
as  at  Santa  Crn/.  Diakc's  I'.ay,  etc.     Tliese  insl.inces  are  so  limited  in  extent  that  wilhicaM'i       ' 
seii-rooin  no  vcs.sd  has  ever  been  dri\en  ashore  on  this  coast  in  a  soiitheiuster. 


r.\(ii  It    ( iiAM'  I'li.tii'. 


'>*>.r. 


rilic  liaroini'li'i"  fulls  i;i|iitll\,  ;i  M'smI  iiiii\  (Api't'i  it  siiniii,'-  •^■,\\f  iVoi,  till'  .sitiitlifnsl.  Willi  r;iiii 


lilll     Hit   lolil  \v<Mllirl  :    ;ilnl  lln';;;ilr 


II   cKiiliiiih'  M>   loll;;  ;is  llii-  ImihhicI' r  1mii;;s  iil    lis  lnwcst 


III  l.i-   « 


\\  r  liiivr  I'lillMil  III!'  li'iist  I'liaii;:)'  ii|>\Miitl    IikIii  litis  low    |iiiiiil   In  JiiilitMlt- I  IimI   I  lie  ililfrl  inn 
r>ul   siiliii  I  iliirs  W  lull    llir  li.lloiiiriri'    ll.is  n  Mi'lli'ii   ils    liiWr.sl    |iiiillt, 


iliil    \\  ill  siMiii  rlhiliU) 


,.i\  ■  vM'iils  Iiilii-  imlirs  or  llu'lt'iiliiiill,  llirli-  lii;i.\  lie  ii  lull  in  llir  j^iilc  ;  ill  (lift  \M-  liiiVf  <'\|M'|  ii'iirrtl 
i<i<>  Is  I  a  ili'iiil  I'liliii  ill  siu'li  a  tiiiK',  w  illi  :i  li  i^lil  liili,\  cdiiriist'il  st'a  nitiiiiii}; ;  llit-ii  w  itlMiiit 
\\A'  II;:  iIh' i:uli' woiilti  K'l'oiiiiiit'iii'f  \\  illi  ilsnM  |iii>  riiiiii  lilt'  InriMi'i'  i|iiailrr.  Tills  r.iliii  arva 
III  (I  .  il  lln'  ct'lilcr  111'  lln'  rvrlitiii';  as  a  nilr  il  i>  laillirr  oil  sin  in-  lli.iii  I  lie  a\i'iau:i'  niiilc  of  tlm 
,11.1-    tnillic. 

Ill  tlifsi-  lirav.v  siiiillicasl  ;;ali's  il  is  ililliriilt  In  iinli-ilii'  .  I.ili' i>r  llii'  iiii'ii'iii'ial  liariitiiflfi', 
lii'i.i.sc  ill  sonic  liaroiiictrr.s  tlu>  cohm'X  siiiLkt  uI'iIh'  rnlMiiui  nl'  niiii'iii'v  sinU.-i  ln-lnw  iId-  iIhii 
III  III  ■■!'  nii'lcillV  wliich  adlirl'cs  In  I  In-  llilirr  .-.lll  r.ur  of  I  lir  lllln'  ainl  ;:i\  rs  llic  (Ifrcplix  i-  a|i|>iM|'aii('i^ 
iiT  .1  iiolliiw  or  I'oiiiMM'  Mil  l.iii' to  till' top  of  llic  colmiiii  ul'  iiukmi  \ ,  'I'lic  liaroiiiriiT  may  rcatl 
mill  :<  lii'Iow  tlif  iippiT  iiiaii^'iii  of  this   tfiiipoiaiils  Hm  il   liliii.     'i'lii'  aiii'iui.l  har  .mrti'i',  if  in  ;,rooil 


i;,'  onli'i-,  iiiav  lit'  iiiiiili  iiioic  (Titainly  nlicil  ii| 


Mill. 


Willi  a  liaroiiM'tiT  risiii;^  aUovc  iliiiiy  imlics  we  niay  cxprri  noiiliwcsi  winds  if  ilit-  ti-inpiTa- 
iir  .iiiil  liiiiiiiility  ol"  tlio  uliiiosplitTi'  tici'n'asc.  Soiiifi  lines  ilic  lianiini'lcr  lias  rist-ii  on  tins  roast 
1  tliii  ly  ami  st'Vt'ii  triitlis  iiH'lics  with  jilcasaiil  iioiihwol  wi  ailnr,  whilst  we  lia\  r  cxpi'i  icnccil  a 
\r  i:.i\s'  ^;alt'  iVoiii  tile  northwest  w  ilh  clear,  liliic  skies,  plea>aiil  li'inperal me,  ami  lianuiieler  just 
li.iM'  tliirlv  inches.     With  niicIi  a  lilow.  the  liorlliwesl  swell  of  the  I'aeilie  increases  \er\   lariielv. 


rviiij;  il  re;,'iilarity  which  any  well  t'oiiml  vessel  cm  we,i;lic 


lull  1'^  esi 

With  tin'  stroll;^  "  iioi-t  hers"  that  soineliines  lilow  i-s  winter  the  liiioiiieler  rises  somewhat 
ihiiM' iliirty  inches,  the  sU.v  is  clear  ami  inlciisely  liliie.  the  al  iiiosphire  colil.  luit  \er\  ili\  ami 
III. H  111::,  ami  sik'Ii  rtcathcr  is  said  to  he  presa;,'e(l  liy  an  iii  .i^iial  IwinLIiiii:  of  the  stars.  Tlnx' 
iiiii;lii  is  do  lint  indicate  any  soiitherl,\  wcalhcr,  Imt  iiioii  iieipieiil  l.\  follou  a  two  or  three  da\  s" 
i.ii'.i  «iili  southerly  wcathei-. 

I 'f  llie  soiitheastcis  on  this  coast,  it  is  found  that  llie\  lie;;iii  liisl  al  the  liorlhw  est  ward  and 
ixiiiil  ;,'iadiially  to  the  southeastward.  Their  iiio>l  \  loleiit  cvhiliii  mn  iie.ii  I  lie  -.ea  Imard  is  lo  the 
ll.ll1ll  Aeslward,  outside  the  Strait  of  .Iiiaii  de  |'"iica.  In  two  or  three  d.i>s  altera  heavy  soiiih- 
ii-'ii  develops  iilioiit  the  ('  Iiimliia  l.'ivcrwf  may  evpei't  to  experience  11  al  S.iii  Fiancisco. 
Iiiu-inls  the  Alaskan  coast  these  .sioriiis  are  very  \ioleiit  ami  a  \i  r\  heavs  and  irre;;ular  .sea, 
.inniiiiMiiies  t  lie  Ml.  These  ;;ales  appear  to  rot  at  <  w  ith  a  c\cloiiic  iiiol  ion,  I  ml  their  rate  of  ]iri>;;ress 
.mil  hie.iilth  arc  yet  uiikliow  n,  hecause  they  rreipielltlv  extend  f.ir  out  In  sc.i  and  there  art' yet  Very 
iiw  lui  .HIS  of  traciiii.;  out  the  areas  which   they  occupy  and  wliii'li  they  ti.ixeisc. 

TKIVII'KRATURK    OK    THI-:    AIR   AND  WATKK   AI-ONO    TIIK  SKA-HOARD. 
The  lollowiii;;'  tallies  will   ;;i\e  a  ;r<'iicral  idea  of  the  teinperalnie  of  III  •   air  mi   the   sealioard. 


Ill'  III  mr  IS  iiiiicli  w  arnier 


lull 


on  account  of  ihe  dryness  of  ihe  alino^p 


re  Ihe  elVrcl    is  iml 


in  iiIiil;  to  the  hiiinaii  s\  stem  as  e\  en  a  lower  leiiiperatiire  on  I  he  .\il,iiiiic  oi  ( I  nil  df  Mexii 

nhmriiil  iiiiiiii  iiiiilithlii  ^  mill  iiitiin  /"I-  liiilrr  iiiiirs,  front   \~''  f"  1 — ■•.  'i.v  llir  .^7;/H.l'   S  /  riic 

11/  Sun   l-'i-itni-tMi  II. 


Mi.iilli.         I. 


iiiiK  I  iluri' 


MmIiII,  Ii'M1|I'  I   lll'.l 


SiiliiliKT  .llllv 

i  ■Vli^ilKt    ... 

I  St-{i(4>ntlM'r. 

.\ututiiii    ,  OciiilM-r.    .. 

I  Novi'IiiImt 


(  1  In,  Mill,' 

I  , 

(  Ki'ln  il;ir> 

I  MllKll     . 


.M    -.     I 


.M"  ■>'       Sill  111' 


5'J.  i>    1 

.M  1  : 

M.K 

■•<■■  t  J 

M'an  niiuii.it  trii>p*-i.i(iiio  tor  lln-  ;tl»«>\i'  juiiixl       JO*^, 


I   .>' 


'ml 


L*:;«; 


I'ACll  K      TftAM      lil.ttr 


nhMtrviii  Ilium    mnufhUi  ti  nii»rt\liire  fr»ut   «,  i>  it    i/mm-'  <'/•»*  •ciWi.KC.   /V.»m  Jfi/i/,   I"'??,  to   S,p. 
ti  mi'ir.   I*"  I.  'it  I  <••<    iuii4 1,*. 


M«-Hit  Ml  .(II 

H4-)tMoii.  Miiitlli  lriii)n  laiiiit-.         Ixi 

MtMSIIII. 


iiiM  laliiif. 
i-'iihr 


Mfiiii  Mfiiii 

Mohll,  !•  liil»'l.ilitl«-.  lol 

r.tlit.  Hi-HHtiii, 


I  M.ir.l. 

Sprtiii:  Afiil     .... 

I     .Iiiiii'  

SiiDiiiiiT     '  .Iiily   ...... 

I  .\ii}iiiitt   . .. 


ftt.ft 

nu.  r, 

7H.  I 


I  St  [iIi'ihIhT 

I       AmIiiimii  t)i  toUr 

i  \ii\ftiilM'r 

I  It Ililkl 

I       WliitiT  iIniHurv  ... 

I  Ki  in  II. 11  \ 


■'■■■■"    I 

.'.•.'.»    '     t.:i ; 

w.;    I 


Til  i     I 

J 

Amiiirl  111. Jill  ttitiitrtiiliiir       »'■;:     I      i.ili^i,  "J.'t    7. 

nhsirriil  iilnin  nrnitlitit  tt  inin  nttitit-  l'i-<itii  finli't   »/"»'■"'  *>!"*'  rriithnf,    l'r<nn  I-T".'  /''  1 -^il,  tit 

Sun   /<ii  1/11. 


PKSI  KIPTK 
VVA  IKK! 
lilKKCTI 


M... 

M. 

.11 

iiii><  'ii 

III" 

i< 

I 

I-iilii 

i  Jtfiii* 

•n 

M.  iiii  Mi'im 

M..I1II..        ifii  I'l  I  .lull  !.ir 

I  .ilii'.  Ni'tiHtin 


Spllli; 


April  . 


j     Jiiiiii 

July... 
t    Aiiiiaat. 


ot.i  ;i 

(It  t     I 

«:.  1    ' 


:>,  I       Aiitiiiiin  . .  ;     n<  IuUt 

I    XiivniiliiT . 


(Ki  7      \\  Mill 


ItiM'cmlii  r 


I     riliiiijir\ 


t\l\    H       1 

„.M. 

li'.:.  7 

.V^     1 

.vvi    1 

.•.:i.7    1 

.'i4.  1 

M.U    J 

Aliriil.il   III'  .III  fiiriJHTJlMIf  111'      ''      I.IHirr,  l"'      1 

Tlic  t('lli]>('IMtlllr  (if  llic  illlllH'diatf  <'ii;is(lilic  tli'licliils  ill  ;;ic;i|  hum  sure  li|ioii  llic  tillipciiliii'- 
iil'tlif  (M-iMii  \v  lit  ITS  II II  i\  ill  t;  ]  111  St  it  I'll  nil  till'  iiiirlliwiinl,  Ml  ili.it  cM  iciiics  <ilt('iii|ifiatiiir  iiic  mil,  ii"H  II 
ill  ."sun  l"riiiii'i-iii,  nr  ill  iiiiv  nl'  tlic  scii|i(iits.  (Sec  tiiliiiliitiini  ( if  the  ti'iii|i»'riitiiii'  nf  tlic  w  iilcr  in  llir 
tlcildi'ii  I'liiti',  |iii;.M'  L'J'.'.)  Ill  stiiiK'  winters  tlir  tin  iinniiit'tiT  licMr  l.iils  to  fiirziiiu.  mitl  r.ili'l,\  ic.h  Ins 
twt'iit.v  li\  V  ili';^iii's.  I  Miriiiy:  llu'  siiiiiMiil'  llic  li'iii|iiTntiii'i'  ii\  (■iii;;cs  nciiily  si  \l  y  di'iifcc-^,  iir  ii  Ir;  :lr 
iiiiirc  tliiin  Iliiit  dt'  till' (HTiiii  viitfc ;  lint  si'mthI  tiiiu'S  dm  mi;;  iIh'  lust  tliiit.v  live  \i'ai>  ilicilin 
iiiciiiu'tiT  liiis  liM'ii  a  little  iilidve  ninety  de;;ices. 

Triiiiit  i(itiii(  III'  il(f  initrr. — I'liini  rupe  Sun  Lucas,  in  latitude  -'.'>\  to  San  !'"ianeiseii.  tlirnii'.'li 
lit  teen  de;:rees  iil'  latitude,  the  tein|ierature  i  if  the  sea  \Mltel'  deerease.s  .seventeen  de;;ices  in  s|ii  iii;:. 
twenty  'iln>  deuces  ill  sniliniel',  lifteell  de;;rees  ill  ant  llliill,  and  lil'teell  de;;  lees  in  winter.  'I'lic^e 
HUM  !ieis  are,  Imwex  er.  liaseil  iipun  (Hily  tv<  n  \  ears'  nlisei A'.ilioiis.  and  must  lie  ediisidiTed  as  iip|  lus 
illiate  iilil.V.  The  deelease  is  IKit  <|llite  I'e^^lll.il'.  fnl'  it  is  luiliid  that  smilli  nt'  I'liilit  ( 'iiiiiepi'ii'li  llie 
eliiin;.'!'  is  siiiiiew  hat  sudden  fnuii  the  wariner  «  ater  .suiitli,  tu  the  eliilled  water  nm  tli  iif  tlml  |   'Hi'- 

The  hii;hest  teiiiperature  cif  the  water  iiecnis  in  the  anlniiin  at  ( '.ipe  Siii  laieas.  as  well  .1-  'iiV 
San  Fiaiieisi-d,  lull  the  iaii;,'e  tliliiii;;li  the  seiisuns  is  nut  ;;leat.  The  enldist  water  (leeni  •>  ,11  >,:; 
I'raiieiseci  a  1 11  lilt  the  inidille  (if  lanitarv ,  and  fniin  the  tidal  lecdrds  the  teaipe  rat  lire  (if  I  iii!  Ilimr  ii 
fur  «de\cii  years  was  .in  ..'i.  The  lii;'liest  leiiiperalure  is  alimit  the  middle  (if  Septemlii  r  « In  nil 
reaches  •!(•  .  At  .'san  I>ie;,'dtlie  teiiipeiatiire  iif  the  water  at  I. a  I'l.iMi  may  lie  taken  iisiijlii 
deu'ices  hi^rlier  than  at  San  I'r.ineised.  with  the  hiwest  teiiipeiatiire  In  .laniiary  and  the  IhuIh 
Annii.^t. 

OtVtlie   cdiist    at    .Sun    I'laiieised   the    telilperiilnre    cit'the   snlisnrtaee    water    at    mie    liiiinlii'l 
fatlidiii--  riin;,'es  frciiii  l."i    In  17   .     The  a\ela;,'e  (if  the  oliserv  atinns  is  \  eiy  ehise  tu  |(i    . 

l''iir  the  ;;reiil(r  depths,  iaii;;in;;  ahiii;;  the  w  luile  cdiist,  the  teinpeialnre   df  tli(>  \>.itii    iil    ine 
thdiiMiiid  fithd'iis  is.i.'i  .(1  j'ahicnheit,  and  at  t  w  d  thdiisaiid  fal  lidiiis  ."i.'i   .7. 

Toiijiirnliiii-  iif  Ihr  initir  on  llir  Curildl  I'.niik.  In  |S7;!.  iVdin  .lime  I'J  tu  17,dllliiii;  the  pii  ii"! 
inary  li\did;:;apliie  siiixcy,  the  leniperatiire  df  the  water  dii  the  <'drdell  I'liink  was  iinldl  '''I'c 
times  a  day —lit  S  a    in..  "J  p.  in.,  and  S  p.  m.— w  iih  the   fii||duiii;,r    reMilis:    Menu   tiiiipeiiilin' 

face  water  at  'S  a.  111..   I!i     I'.ihreiiheit,  at  1.'  p.  m.  ."■!    .  and  at  .S  p.  m.   I'.i   .     The   !( dsnf  |l;. 

Stiltidll  ill  the  ( iiildeli  I  lute  tliriiU;;h  ele\  ell  yeiil  s  ;;i\  e  the  IIKH  llilli:  i  ili>er\  at  idll  df  t  he  si  1 1  I. M  • 


at  that  seiiMiii  of  the  \ear 


"iS   ..';.";  I'ahri'iiheit. 


On  the  It.iiil,  a   f< 


suli  Mirlace  dliseiMilidiis   for  teinpeialiir.'  were  made  with   the  li 


This  (Ian 
iliii.N  uf  a  mi 
I'i  wiiii'r  iipdi 
ix'iili  .mil  sdii 
«nli  M\  111  tv 
ii"i;li  the  riiel 
"I  H.iier  (III  it 

The  rock 
Till'  liimy  lies 
'illiii  Nidc  at  I 

I  nun  tlii.s 


lL'.sult.s  :  At  diie  hundred  and  IJfly  falhoins,  1.")  ..".  I'ahreldieil  ;  at  se 


\ ciilN  -ll\  e  I'athdiiis. 


I- 


I'A(  I KU;   ('uAsr    I'lLoT. 


•J37 


DKSlKIIMION    OK    I.IOHT  HOUSKS    AND   OTHKR    AIDS    TO    NAVIGATION    ON    THK    INLAND 
VVAllKS   0|-    SAN    IKANCISCO    BAY    AND    ITS    SUBDIVISIONS,  WITH  QKNKKAL  SAILING 

'  IKI-.CTIONS. 

\l<',itr,i/.  I.sl.iiiil  lj;{lil  lias  lici'ti  ilfM'i'ihcil  on  piiK*'  I'*'-;  Vt'iliu  liiinia  Islniiil  I j;ilit,  on  pa;;,. 
IM  I'liit  ruitit  Ij;:lit.  iin  |ia;:i' I7ti;  Liiiii'  I'liiiit  I'ti^  signal,  on  |ia^c  IT'.);  Ani;t'l  l>lanil  I'o;;  lirll, 
(III  I'.u''  '■'*•;  I'lf^nlio  Shoal  lliioy,  on  payc  |.S(i;  lilo.Nsoin  llorU  l!no\,on  |>a;;('  IH7;  Anita  Ifock 
>|iiiiillt'.  on  |i,int'  l.Sti ;  Missinn  lia\  IJock  linoy,  on  |i.i;;c  I >^  ;  Sonoma  Kock  I'.n  13 ,  on  |ia;;i'  l.s'j ; 
^i:>i  liucna  Shoal  l!no\,  on  |>a;;f  is.s;  .Soniliain|ilon  Shoal  l>no\s,  north  cinl,  on  pa^'i;  ItIO; 
Siiiili.iiiii'><»>  Slniai  r>uo\s,  .south  ciul,  on  pa^c  ISU, 

IIEISKKI.KV    Ui;i;i'   IlKATON. 

riiiN  lit'acoii  is  not  in  Hip  liiM>  of  tlit>  onliiiarv  trallir  of  tin*  hay  l>nt  is  two  inih's  insitic  tho 
«i-.i>  I II  i'ily;t' of  the  llats  wliii'li  niaki'  ont  lioin  thi' Ciniti.i  ('ii>ta  >hiirc.  These  llats  ari'veiy 
IimI.  .iiid  iheileptli  of  water  ian;;es  iVoin  tive  to  seven  feet  o\er  tin-  ;;iealer  part  of  them.  'I'hc 
lii'iipii  is  a  pile  driven  into  the  l)iittoin  ami  has  a  Im.r  mi  lnjt  imininl  in  »('(/ ami  hlurk  Imrizoutiil 
^lll|l<.■<.  It  is  placed  in  se\'en  feet  of  water  alxtiit  lhiit\  lixe  yards  southwest  three-eighths  west 
SW. .;  \V.)  ti'oni  the  l!erkele.\  i.'eef,  whieli  is  .iwash  ii  low  tides.  From  the  l>eat;on  we  yivc  tlio 
lulluwiii;;  i)eaiiii;is  and  distaiu'es  to  sunoninlin;;  ohjeels: 

Wi'st  piiiiii  111'  Iti'ciiiliH'  Ntiiiiil .   .  N.  ."iT  "  W.  H  inili'H, 

I' I  hiiiirl    Wiiarf N.    .'.      Iv  I-iiiiI.'h. 

\Vr,l   Hrrk.lry  WImli , S.  -I       K.  lij  inilrH. 

Alcall'il/.  I>l:illil  I.lj-litliiiiisr S.  ii'.i     W.  .'i    iiiili'H. 

INVINCIIli.i;    l!(t(K    IMOV. 

Tliis  dan;,'!'!'  lie.s  on  the  eastern  side  of  San  Franeiseo  IJay  near  I'oinf  San  I'aMo.  and  two- 
iImiiN  <if  a  mile  from  shore.  It  is  one  ot' se\eial  dangers  in  llie  same  \  ieiiiity.  It  has  eij,'ht  feel 
111  HiiiiT  iipon  it,  with  liiiirieen  fathoms  elove  to  on  the  \\e>teiii  side,  and  li\e  and  six  fathoiiiH 
iMiiili  .mil  soiilh  of  it.  r.etween  it  and  the  eastern  slioic  of  the  liay  is  a  ^'ood  steamer  channel 
Willi  >i\  to  twelitN  f.ithoiiis  ot'  w.lter.  .Iiisl  north  of  it  lies  the  WIhIiiil;  lloek.aiicl  still  further 
ii'i;li  ilie  Micky  islets  named  "The  l!r>it hers,"  ami  a  tl.in;ier  ontlyiii;;  therefidin  with  tilteen  I'ei-t 
'>l  w.iier  on  it. 

Tlie  rock  is  marked  liy  a  utronil  rlass  (vni/ooo/ paintc<l  with  my  and  /;/(((•/■•  liiiri:iiiitiil  strijns. 
Tlir  liiiiiN  lies  near  the  shoalest  pait  ot'  the  rock,  in  thirteen  feet  of  water,  and  nia\  he  passed  on 
iitliii  -ide  at  a  distance  of  tifly  yards. 

I'lom  this  Unoy  we  liavw  the  followin<;  bearin^^s  ami  distain'cs  to  adjacent  ohjeets: 

Willi  ill;;  Km  li  lliinv,  ill  |-.>  I'.rl N.  liy  \V.  :!iIii.miiiIh. 

IliiNl  Hiiillic'i  l,i«lilliiiii»(? N.  I'.i  1;  i  null-. 

1 '01 II I  Sail  l';ililii,  III  iiiiit;!'  with  I'liiiil  IViiiili> N  'J*  V..  J  iiiitc. 

.M"l:ili   rniiil S.  71  1:.  1     niilr. 

liicl  l;.M  I,,  lii',1  IVil  liiyli   S  ;it  1:.  tjiiiilrM. 

\\  liail    111   I' I  Sllll  (/llilltill S  17  \V  1  ;    III  I  Irs. 

Till  SisliTH,  . Ill  r.iiiit  >Siiii   I'ldni N  r.t  U.  1.  iiiil.-M. 

WIIITINCi    UiHK    ItfOY. 

Till  Whiting;  Kock  lies  on  the  eastern  side  of  San  I^'rainisco  I5ay,  near  Point  San  I'ahlo.  at 
'III'  1 1, 11. nice  to  San  I'alilo  I'.ay.  ami  only  twolliirds  of  a  mile  troni  the  slmie.  it  is  one  of 
-'\'i  il  .laii;;cis  in  the  .same  \iciiiit>.  It  has  twelve  lecl  of  water  upon  it,  and  is  of  siii.ill  extent. 
"u  III,  western  side  of  the  rock  there  is  a  depth  of  sixteen  fathoms  of  water,  and  liom  seven  to 
l"i'Ki  l.iiliiiiiis  on  the  other  sides.  There  is  .s»'ven  fathoms  lietween  it  a. id  the  lii\  incild*-  Itoek, 
•Hill  iliinr  water  lietween  it  and  the  IJrotheis. 

l!'  daii^'cr  is  marked  liy  a  simnil  ihi.ss  oni  liiani  painted  with  ml  and  hlar'.-  Iiiiii:i>iitiil  xtiijnu. 
'Ill' In  <\  IS  placed  near  the  slioalest  spot  (in  ei;;hteen  feet  of  water)  and  may  l>e  passed  on  either 
>Mf  VM  ji  ,.,afcty  at  a  tlislunct)  of  tifty  jariKs. 


•I    ^ 


fti 


!        H 


H 


'Hi 

'i«l 

I 


23m  I'Acinc  coAsi   ni.or. 

FrDiii  tliis  liiio.v  wi-  liiivc  tlic  rullovsin;:  lM;iiin;;s  uml  di-iMiH't's  toiuljucoiif  oliJt'PtK: 

liuiiM  il.l.'  line  k  Hiir.N,  in  H  Ir.l >t.   Iiy  i:.  :iii(l  >:ltllH. 

I';ii>l  llniilii  I    l.iulil  liiiii'o' N.  :il  K.  t  null'. 

LVI'iiiil  KM  k.  <ill  llii   llroilii  c  ,  nil  lini>\  ) N'nitli  .V.ii  miiiIh. 

rmnl  S;in   I'lMn N.  :1T  I!.  i  inili'. 

Miilali'  I'.iini H    tM  i:.  U  n>il<'>*. 

I.'iil  i;...k.  II ',1  Cri  |ii:.li S.  :iii  r..  M  niili'N. 

Wliiill'  ill  I'liinl  >iiii  i^iii  ntin S.    I:l  W.  •.'     inilrn. 

Tlir  Si-ililK.  III!   I'm  III  San  I'lilin N    '.''i  W.  U  inil''H. 

Ill  i)V  m:ar  nil.  i  ii  ikkn  inur  ijikk  oil'  tiik,  iiiiui  iikus. 

Tlii«i  iliinut'i'  is  a  siii^:lc  im-k,  li;i\  iii;j  miiIv  lil'iccii  In't  ol'  wiitiT  iiiinii  it.  w  itii  llficcn  l\itliiH ;, 
i-Iiisr  ariiiiMil  il.  It  lies  li\f  liiiiiiliril  ami  tltl.\  .\anls  i'\ai'tl\  imitli  tVniu  tin-  W'liiiiii;;  llmW  llimt 
ami  four  liiimlitd  vaiilN.suiitli  scM-iitv  t'iylit  (li';:n'<'s  wi-.vt  (S.  Ts"'  \\ . i  iVdiii  tin-  i'.ast  limtlicr  Li^h; 
liKiisc.  'riif  tlilnl  i|ii;iiicr  of  tlic  I'ltlv  sets  iliivrti.v  lowaiils  tliis  nick  at  tlic  I'atc  i>l"  oih-  ami  IIih' 
<|iiail('is  iiiilrs  pel'  Imiir.  rict'orc  tin'  liiiii.v  was  pjari'il  near  it  vessels  tViiiii  Sail  j'altlo  Uay  ;:i>ii(- 
tliliiiiuli  I  lie  mill  elianiii'l  Kepi  In  the  w  est  w  a  111  sii  as  tiMipeii  the  Invilieilile  l.'iiek  liuoy  to  the  wi'-l 
waul  111'  the  WhitiiiK  Itnek  llmi\  lielitie  I'liiiit  Sail  I'aliln  liiue  east,  Imt  tlie.s  may  now  pas.s  el.i-e 
to  the  weslwaril  of  the  hiioy. 

This  il.iiio,.|-  |i;|.s  lieeii  rei'eiitiv  iiiaikeil  l>v  a  /lV.|<^'7((>l)(  (vi/i/'»"i/ jiaiiiteil  /((/ami  plaeeil  in  se\iii 
teen  falliDiiis  of  water  two  hiiiiilieil  ami  tweiitN  yanls  west  from  theroi'k.  N'es.sel.s  .shoiihl  le  i>  i' 
it  on  the  stai'lioaril  IiamI  when  ^'oin;;  up  the  lia.v. 

From  the  Iniov  we  have  the  foliowiiij,'  lie.iiin^rs  ami  ilistaiiees  to  .nlja'-eiit  oltjects: 

s.iii  i'.iiiio  r<iiiii  iiiiii>,  III  i.i  iiri Ni;.  i  III  ill'. 

i;a>l.  Iliiillur  l.iylil  liiiN-v  I'..  *  N.  r..'iii  v.iiils 

Kill  Kii'  U,  III."  I'r.l  lii-h si;.  Ii>  S.  I,  S.         -Ji  niil.vs. 

\\  liaif  :il  r>iilil  S.iii  t^iiclillM SiV.JS.  '.'I mili.s. 

/'i(/(i/  Siiii  I'lilihi'  IS  the  m)illi\ve>i  teiiiiiiiation  of  a  lid;:!'  nearly  live  inile.s  Ion  j;  on  !lieea>!ini 
side  of  S.in  I'laiii'iseii  Has  and  |iai.iMel  willi  the  ^real  rid;:e  riinnin;;  norlliwcst  ward  Irotii  .\ii^i'l 
l.sl.ind  .ind  Kaei'Kon  Mrail.  Il  is  seen  as  an  island  tium  the  .Miiithea.st  and  northwest  heean^i' ii 
is  connected  with  the  eastern  main  land  li,\  a  Inoad  extent  of  low  mai>li  land.  Tin'  rid^'e  is  alimit 
one  liiindii'd  and  twenty  feet  hi;;li  near  the  e\tremii\,  and  reaches  four  hnndreil  ami  ninetv  int 
near  tlie  middle,  w  hen  it  suddenly  tails  to  a  sharp  depression  almost  dividiii};  it  in  two.  I'oiiii  .-^  in 
I'alilo  is  the  tiiiiiinu  pninl  from  San  I'laiicisco  liay  to  S.in  I'.ihlo  \\a\.\  Il  has  a  rocky  from  \\  \U 
tell  lathiiiiis  close  iii'^hoie  on  the  West.  Ii\ie!isi\e  shoals  lie  III  the  liroad  lia,\  to  the  east  and  i  i--i 
noithiMsi  of  ihepiiinl.  ••I'lie  llniiheis"  I,i;;lil  dioiise  lies  diri'flly  alnvast  of  the  point,  dislaiil  ";;!> 
four  hundred  and  lil'ty  yards  to  tlie  southwest. 

SAN  rAiii.d  POINT  nrov. 

'''he  shoal  water  of  San  Palilo  liay  lyiiij;  east  of  Point  San  i'aldo  makes  out  northw.ird  ftmii 
the  point  a  lillle  over  one  i|iiarter  o|  a  mile,  and  to  mark  the  limit  of  the  threefatiiom  li.inl.  ii'i 
vessels  nsiiit;  the  narrow  I. i:l  dee|i  channel  lietweeii  the  point  ami  t ho  [Oast  I'.rot her  a  //('»('' /■•si 
run  hiiaii  |iaiiitcd  ml  and  inimlxriil  'J  has  lieeii  pi. iced  in  tifteeii  I'eet  of  water  live  linndnd  .ind  lii'> 
yards  mirth  three  ipi, liters  west  N.  J  \V.)  fioin  the  point.  It  is  on  the  extreme  eilj:e  of  I  he  ImhIv 
and  must  lie  left  to  siarlioard  when  a  xcssel  is  ;,'oiii;;  up  the  liay.  'i'lie  following  are  the  lieai  ii-s 
and  distances  to  adjacent  olijeeis: 

i;ahl  liiiilhii   l.ijslil  anil  I'li^'-whistlc S.  I'.*    \V.  j  iiiili-. 

'till'  liltccn  Irrl  rink  nil    tin-  rilnllilTs !S.  ;Ci     \V.  ^  lllllr. 

KASI     IlKdTIIKU    I.MIIII    IKHSK. 

'•The  lirothers"  ate  two  liarreii,  rocky  islets,  each  aliont  one  liiiiidriMl  yards  in  exteir  .md 
twentylive  feet  ahove  the  water,  \\\i\'^  olf  the  west  side  of  I'oint  San  Pablo  in  the  e(iin|iarii  ■<h 
widesir.iit  eoiineetin;,'  San  Palilo  liay  with  the  liay  of  San  Praneiseo,  the  inner  one  noi  ipi;!;! 
•piarterof  a  mile  from  shore  and  the  outer  islet  two  hundred  yards  farther  out.     There  is  a  n  i  !"» 

"  I'liilit  Sail  I'ahln  1*  i.illiil  I'lihia  ilr  San  AniniMo  1p>   S.iiai  In-f. 

tSaii  Palijii  lia>  i-.  ralli  it  Kunriil  lias  m  (Iiiailalii|>i'  mi  an  old  S|iaiiiHli  rliart. 


'"lilt  I'm 

I'nuM 

Mil-  i;,,si 

Im>. 

"llh  exit 

Iliii'i 

>  luliths  1 

|iiiiiii 

.  'nc|il\   1 

.«t,iil 

Oil  ham 

Ilia 

"  III, Ike  1 

-  '"CM  pla 

till'  |. 

■  .'III. 

1 

loin  Ihis 

M.iiv 

llasi 

IV 


PAriKU;   COAST    IMI.oT. 


2;!ti 


,.|i.i  ilwilli  lliiito'ii  ft  ft  (if  Wilier  lift  wt  111  till- two  islets,  ami  lift  ween  tlic  eiislcrn  islet  iiiid  Point 
>  '.ilijo  lliele  is  a  ilrep  eliiiMliei  Willi  tell  to  lltteeli  latlioiiis  of  water,  w  illi  stron;;  eiiri'i'iits.  Tiiis 
,|i       .1  IS  used  li_\  tlie  liay  ami  iivei  steamers, 

<  Ml  the  eastern  or  iiiiiei' islet  is  iiiiill  tliu  Iiii;lil  lioiise,  w  liieli  is  a  si|iiiii'e  tower  lliiilv  seven  and 
:i  ji.iif  feet  altoxe  the  lia>e,  risiii;;  from  a  w liite  dwelliii;;  with  ^'iceii  wimiow  lilimis.  The  lanlein 
IK  I !  Ilk.  Till-  illniiiitmtion  is  of  the  foiirtii  order  of  the  s,\Hteiii  of  l''iesiiel,aml  waH  tirst  exhiliiled 
ill  hTI.  It  shows  a  /I'.Ki/  irhilr  liiilit  Ironi  sunset  to  sunrise.  The  iiei^'lil  of  the  foeal  piaiie  is 
«i\t .  I  wo  and  a  half  feet  alioxe  the  nii  an  !e\el  of  the  lia\,  It  ilium  males  the  wliole  hiiii/on,  and 
III  I  '  II  vMMtlier  should  lie  \  isilile  at  a  distaiiee  of  lliirleeii  or  fourteen  miles.  It  is  therefori* 
i|,~i  111  tl\  \  isilile  III  \  I'ssels  lea\  iiiy  San  I''raiieis('o.  the  ( )aKlaiid  iiiers,  or  San  I'aliln  Uav. 

1  lie  ^eo;;ia|ihieal  |iosiliiiii  of  the  I,;;; hi,  as  determined  l>\  (he  Cu.ist  and  (leoiletie  Survey,  Is: 


l.;ilitM>|i'  . 
l.iillSillUilr 


I  l|.   Ill  IMIII- 


.■.7    r.*'  iimlli. 

'ji;  111    \M'-.i. 

ii-t"'  W.I. 


riie  iiiai;iietie  \aiiation  in  .l.iniiary,  l.s.S.'i,  «as  III     Id'  east,  with  a  veailv  increase  of  (•', 
I'liiiii  llie  l,i;:ht  the  lieaiin^s  and  tlistanees  to  adjannt  olijeeis  are  as  follows: 


I'lMlll    I'l'liult' 

Wliiill'al  I'liinl  S:iii  l,iiii'iiti'i . . 
Nmllnvi'-l  piiliM  III'  |,'i  i|  li'iiik 


'«4      i:.         a  iiillfii. 


.■^     il      \v. 
s.  1-1     i;. 


\\  I  MiiiM  iilyr  III'  (  .iMiiii  li'iii  ks  s.  :i(;       !■; 


.Nnllll   111 


f  .'SiillllialiMilnli  Sllnal .     ..     s. 


i,iii.in\   I'liiiil  ami  I'miit  llliiiil ,  mi  .Vii;(i'l  liliinil . 
Tlir  Mslirs,  nil    I'l  lilt    .S.ili  I'lilni 


i: 

•.'I        1. 


'ii  iiiili'N, 

'J      III  ill's. 
'.'      lllili'M, 

:i|  'Hilrs. 
Ill 


mil   .i;    llllll-H. 


K.AST  mtoriif.i!  I'dii  wiii.sTi.r, 


1 ;  null's, 


II 


t     ,> 


.\  '  live  inch  steam  fo;,'-whistle  has  been  plaeed  in  a  white  liiiildin;,' on  the  eastern  edne  of 
till' i-!rt  titt.\  vaids  fiom  the  I,i;.'lil  house.  Mlll'iny^  tliiik  and  loyi,'\  Weatlnl,  lli'^ht  or  dav.  il  ;;ives 
iiUirii'il'  liUisIs  o'i  iiijlil  Miiiiiil.s  and  of  /(>»»■  mihhiIs,  \\\[\i  nilrrrnl.s  ot  t imiliifnur  sunnils.  I'lilil 
raised  at  the  lie<;iiiiiiii<:  of  a  iii'j.  or  it   the  lo<;  si;:iial  a|ip.ii'atiis  is  disaliled,  a  lii-ll  is 


•  tr.llli  I    111    lie 


>!lili  I 


hand  at  intervals  of  alioiit  tifleeii  seeondN. 


fCtlNl   IM'.NOH;   HI  ()V. 

rniiit  I'eiiole  lies  four  ami  (Uiethiid  miles  north  thiit.v  and  a  half  de;;ree.s  east  (N..'t(>._P  V..) 
friiiii  ihi'  l-'.ast  riinllHl  Lighthouse.  It  is  a  iiindeiatelv  lii;^li  roel,\  liliilV.  |irii|eeliii;;  well  into  the 
Im\.  uiili  e\t<  iisi\e  llats  l.\iii^'  northeast  and  southwest  nl  it.  The  t  liiied'atlioin  line  lies  alioiit 
liili'i' I  i^hlhs  III'  a  mile  oil  the  |ioint,  and  the  deepest  water  in  the  ciiiiiiiiel  iiurtliwi'si  lioiii  the 
|ii>iii!.  lui'iiiy  nine  feel,  is  at  a  distanee  of  one  and  oiieeij^hth  miles  from  it.  It  must  lie  iel't  on  tiu^ 
.'•Lull"  ihi  ii;uid  III  ;;oiii};  to  Mare  Island. 

I"  111, ike  the  eil^e  of  till-  ll.its  olV  this  point  a  xmiiiil  iliiss  nun  liiinii  painted  nd  and  niimltered 
I  III-  I'lii  pl.ieed  ill  I  wviitx  three  feet  of  water  half  a  mile  noithwest  li\   iioitli  iNW.  Iiy  N.)  lioiii 

lllC  |iii|lll. 

Fmiii  this  liiiov  the  followini^  lieaiini's  and  distanees  are  y-iveii: 


Mari'  I.'^lallll  l.i;;lit  Iiihini' 

I'.lM.ll'     I'l.llll , 


liast  Iti'iitlicr  l.i^lit-luiiiHf 


I'l^  imlivs. 
A  iiillo. 
..   S\V.  liy  .s.  J  .<,         4i  iiiilcs. 


<r..  i.v  ."<. 


SA.N    I'AIII.d    HAY— mdVS. 


/■'"'.  Iiiioy  So.  I  has  been  plaeed  two  and  a  half  miles  north  three  eiirhths  west  (X.  i  W.) 
'"•Ill  1  '  l.i;;IH  house  on  Kast  i:iolhei'  Island,  and  two  and  seven  tenths  miles  soiitliwi'st  by  west 
M'M'iM    ;litlis  west  (S\V.  by   W.  ;  \V.)  Iroiii  I'oiiit  I'enole. 

/•'  '.  liiioy  .V.i.  ;{  has  been  plaeed  one  and  a  half  miles  imrtl.-.est  by  north  half  north  (N\V. 
.)  from  Point    Penole,  and  .si.\  miles  .southwest  liveeijihlhs  west  (SW.  ^  W.)  from  Mare 

^llt'llOIIS(>, 


liy  N. 


/■     '  liiioy  .V<i.  -f  iias  been  plaeed  three  miles  .southwest  by  west  one  eiijlith  west  (SW.  by  \V. 
.11  Mare  Island  Liy;lit  house,  and  two  ami  four  tilths  miie.s  northwest  bv  nortii  (N'W.  by 


l^'      i'l  mile  l.aml 


lilt;. 


['•Il 


240  PACiric  COAST  i'ilot. 

MAKE    ISLAM)    1,K;HT  IIOISK. 

To  aid  tlip  iiavifiiitioii  of  the  cliaiiiiol  tliroiijili  San  I'ahlo  P.ay  and  tlio  Piitrancps  to  Karqiiiin  s 
and  Marc  iNland  Straits,  a  I-i^;''t  liousc  lias  lu'on  pstalilislu'd  on  tlit>  pxtrcnic  soiitlicasti'm  pail  di 
Mart'  Island.  It  is  on  llif  lowii-  jiart  of  the  slope,  and  is  projw.tfd  against  tlio  dark  liills  wliirh 
risi"  altout  two  Imndrcd  and  twenty-live  tfot  above  it  to  the  northwest  ward. 

The  structure  is  a  small,  sipiaic  tower  rising;  iVoni  a  white  dwellin};.  The  dome  of  the  lanlcin 
is  painted  blacU.  The  illiiinination  is  of  the  fonrth  order  of  tlie  system  of  Fresnel.  and  the  li^lii 
was  tirst  exhiliitcd  in  1S7.'!.  It  shows  a./i'.m/  irliilr  lliihl  from  sunset  to  sunrise.  The  hci;;ht  ofili,' 
focal  plane  is  seventy-six  feet  above  the  level  of  the  bay,  and  in  clear  weather  it  can  be  seen  at  ,i 
distance  of  font  teen  miles.  The  arc  of  visdiility  is  from  northeast  rouiul  by  ea.st  and  soiilh  lo 
west  by  south  (from  NK.  to  W.  by  S.). 

The  j.vo}:iaphical  position  of  tlie  Lijiht,  as  determined  by  the  Coast  and  (leodetie  Survey,  is: 

I.alilii.lc :*■'     I"    1'-'     ""><li- 

l.iiiiKiniili' I"     '•''    "■'     "'■'•<• 

Or,  iiiliiMC f*''  tW'MtlM. 

The  inaj;iu'tic  variation  was  UP  !(»'  east  in  January,  lSS,"i,  with  a  yearly  increa.se  of  ().'.'}. 
From  the  l.i;;lit  tin-  bcaiiiij;s  and  distances  to  adjacent  objects  are  as  follows: 

I'diMt  I'i'IidIi' S.      ;:-    \V.         lis  mill's. 

riiiiit   IVnidr  Iliiiij- S\V.    t      S.         tIJ  iiiilfs. 

l{ril  ami  l>l;iik  ■ilnpul  Itiaicm  in'twii'ii  Man'  l>luml  Stiail  ami  Kar- 

c|iiims  Strait  K-        i      S.           }  mile. 

Ili'iiiiia  FiTfj  Siiji S.      c-l      K.         IJ  iiiilcH, 

Tliis  line  laniiriilM  till'  mirth  slmri- of  l\ari|iiiiirn  Strait  at H  niilivs. 

Anil  till' Miiitli  Nlmrc  .mi>\  Imilt  nvrr)  nl'  Kaninim's  Strait  at  ■<i  miU-.s. 

roiiit  at  Ki'rry  Slip  nil  till- suiiili  .slhirr  iif  l<ari|iiinrs  Strait S.      4.')     K.        1.1  iiillrH. 

BEACON  ON  Tin;  SltOAl,   AT   .UNCTIoN   OK   MAKK   ISIAND  STRAIT  WITH    KARQUINKS   STRAIT. 

A  shoal  iiiaUt's  out  for  one-third  of  a  mile  to  the  southwest  from  the  liiKh  clilVs  at  the  easiiiu 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Mare  Island  Strait.  To  mark  the  extremity  of  this  spit  a  /»//(  limcni,, 
vriiinnil  icilli  n  Im.r  piii:it<il  iritli  nil  <()(</  IiIkcI,  liorizoiifdl  strlpcx,  has  been  jihii'ed  in  tweiit*  fni  nl 
water  over  solt  bottom.  It  must  be  left  nti  the  starboaitl  hand  when  a  vessel  is  yoin^  iiitu  Miii' 
Island  Strait,  and  on  the  jiort  hand  when  she  is  jjoinj;  into  Kaiiiuines  Strait.  I''roiii  il  iln- 
tollowiliy;  be:.iiii>,'s  aic  j;iven: 

Maf;a/iiir  Wliarf,  1111  wi'st  Hiili- of  riilraiicc  til  Man' l^laml  strait N\V.  J  N.  J  iiiili'. 

Mail'  Itlaml    l.ii;lit-liiiii.M' AV.      }  .\.  .J  mile. 

Ninili  sliiiri'  K  a  Ml  111  m>  Strait K.       J  S.  ij  iiiili-. 

I'lrrj-  Slip. -.mill  >liiiri' 111'  Kaninim- Strait SSK.  ^  iiiilr. 

The  Coast  Survey  chart  to  1S77  {jives  the  latest  information  about  the  depth  of  water,  etc  in 
tlio  channel  of  Marc  Island  Strait. 

COMMISSION    ROCK   RKACoN. 

(^)nlmission  Hock  is  bare  at  low  watei  and  lies  in  mid  chaniu'l  of  Mare  Island  Strait  liin'i' 
ipiarters  of  a  mile  from  .Matia/.ine  Wharf,  and  nearly  half-way  between  it  and  the  N.i\\  v ml 
dock.  There  is  {.'oiid  water  on  the  western  or  Navy  yard  siileof  it,  where  tlireo  ami  a  hall  lallii'Mi- 
may  be  carried.  The  channel  mi  the  easicrn  side  appciirs  to  be  siioitlin^;,  iind  there  is  a  Imi;^  I  nl 
to  the  lock  strctcliiny;  to  the  east  southeast.  Within  the  three  lath  oin  curve  the  leujitii  uliiii' 
shoal  is  line  ipi.trter  of  a  mile  in  a  ^'eiieial  east  scuitheast  direction,  with  a  width  of  one  IhiimIi'  'I 
ami  ei;;hty  \ aids  across  at  the  beacon.  Tin;  rock  itself  is  marked  by  a  beacon,  anil  the  wcsliia 
ed}:e  of  tlie  shoal  by  ii  bin>y. 

The  liniiiiii  is  a  liiiiif  and  (iitis])iciii>iis  iiiHiiilfr  of  boiler  iron,  Hiinnounftil  liji  "  sjiiiull'  unl 
rijhi-tiir.  It  is  painted  with  nd  (tml  irhitr  li(iri:i>nt(il  xlripis  ;  but  caroiimst  be  taken  mil  In  p.i-s 
between  il  and  the  bimy. 

I'roin  the  beacmi  the  folIowinfT  are  lUe  beariiifrs  and  di.stanees  to  adjacent  objects: 

Mannziiii'  Wliarl' S.      If  K.  }  iiiili'. 

Niirlli  rml  111'  Kailrii.iil  Wliarf H.      Ci\°  K.  j  iiiili'. 

Si'ctiiiiial  li.M  U  nil  N.ivvjaril   N.     (IT  W.  J  inilii. 

Niirlli  Vallrpi  Wharf NW.    8'W.  J  iiiilo. 


i^*^  a  >,i 


PACiKic  coAsr  I'li.or.  241 

COMMISSION    UOCK  BL'OV. 

\l)oi!t  fifty  yards  soiitliwost  from  tin-  (.'oininissioii  Rock  Mciicoii  nsrrnnfl-rlass<Yin  hunif,  pnintrtl 
,,ii.  Ikis  lit'cii  pliu'iMl  ill  liftcoii  fct't  of  water  to  mark  tlit>  wi-stcni  ('(!;;<'  of  llic  shoal  smroiiiiiling 

il k.     It  is  to  be  kept  oil  tlio  Ntarl)oar<l  liaiwl  in  p:oin$;  up  tlio  strait,  and  mi  no  account  must 

,1  \,   vcl  try  to  pass  lictwccii  it  and  I  lie  beacon. 

I  null  the  buoy  the  Ibllowinj;  are  tlie  bearings  and  distances  to  adjacent  objects: 

Mn);aziiii>  I'liiiil   S.  I','    H.         'j  niilcv 

N.irlli  cii.l  of  Kailriiiiil  Wliiirf S.  cr.     K.         J  mile. 

S.rtiniiiil  l)<>rk   iilV  Marr  lsl;iiicl  \av\   Viird S.Cl    W.  i  mill', 

I  ides  III  Miiir  [sliniil  \iirii  ijnril. — Thetiincsof  the  hij^h  tides  average  abnni  an  hmirMiid  twenty 
Miiiiiilc-<  l^ter  titan  at  North  lleacli,  San  P'rancisco;  and  those  of  the  low  tides  iieurlv  an  hciiii'  and 
li)ii\  iiiiniiles  later. 

Tiiolilain  tlie  times  and  heij;lit«  of  \\w  tides  for  any  re(|iiired  date,  liist  obtain  rnmi  the  tide 
tiililr-- nf  I  lu' < 'oast  and  (ieodetic  Siii\ey  (he  times  and  heij;htsiit  the  same  tides  at  San  I'raiicisco, 
ilii'ii  III  llie  time  ol  \\\)i\\  water  .idd  one  lionr  and  nineteen  minutes.  ;:iid  lor  the  hei^dit  add  one  and 
!Mi  initlis  feet  ;  to  the  time  of  low  water  atbl  one  hour  and  tliirtyei;:lil  minnles.  and  lor  the  hei;tht 
iijil  niic'  tenth  of  a  foot. 

SAM  IMi    DIIIKCTIONS  FOR  TIIK  NOIiTnKIJN  TART  Ol'  SAN  rKANTISCd   HAY.    \M)  SAN  P  A  lil.O  HAY. 

I  rniii   tin'  anclioraj,'e  in   front   of  the  city  of  San  '.■'raneisco  when  bound  to  I'etainnia  ( 'reek, 

\i  Ml    inland  Stiait,  or  l<ari|iiines  Strait,  the  },'eneral  eoiiisc  is  iiintliwesl  by  noitli  (NW.  by  N.)  to 

K'nl  KiK'k.  passiii;;  three  or  lour  hundred  yards  to  the  eastwai'd  ol'  r.liissuiii  Itork   r>iin.\'  in  a  mile 

;iiii|  .i>,nai'ter;  a  mile   to  tlie  eastward  of  .Mcaira/   l.sland  in  two  miles:  and  aiiont  half  a  mile  or 

lisstii  llii'  eastward  (d'  Aiii;el   l>laiid   in   '.Iiu'c  and  a  halt'  miles.     ()r.  if  tlie  «eallier  is  clear,  the 

riii^e  111' llie  western  ed;;eofKj'd  h'lU'k  on  the  eastern  cdfjetd'  Point  San  I'edio  i  the  noithui'st  jiuint 

I'liiilr.iiiee  to  San  Pablo  P>ay )  may  be  run  from  the  immediate  <ily  Irmit  until  iieai  1,\  ii|>  «  iili  K'ed 

III. (I,,     I'lic  course  of  this  r.iiio,.  is  north  twenty  nine  de;;iees  west  (  N.  '-Ml     W  .\,  and  it  passes  just 

iiiilic  eastward  <>f  IMossoiii  ]!ock    I'.noy  and  up  mid-channel  between  Soiitliaiiiptfni  Shoal  and  tlie 

<liiiie  In  the  westward.     I'nder  An;:el  Island  a  sailiii},'  vessel  will  be  ajit  to  lose  the  westerly  wind 

!hi  Miinc  time.     There  is  deep  water  close  to  its   shores,     lied   IJoi'k*  is  ii  inominent  object  one 

liiiiiiliiil  and  si\tynine  feet   liiuli  and  two  hnndied  y;irds  wide  east  and  west  :   it  has  deep  water 

rinse  miller  its  western  shore,  and  also  a  deep  channel  tni  its  eastern  side.     It   is  ei;;lit  and  oiie- 

luht!:  II. lies  from  San  I'raiKMsco.     'I'lie  llood  current  tlirim^li  the  Kaecoon  Strait  will  have  a  ten- 

i|r!ir\   to  set  a  \esscl  towards  the  Soiitlianiptoii  Shoal,  which  is  marked  on  each  end  uilli  a  bnoy. 

ha  \esscl  I'lilliiws  the  raii^ic  she  w  ill  pass  a  scant  half  mile  from   the  iioi  ihuistein  end  of  if.  iinil 

ttliiii   il>ieasl   of  the  bnoy  markin;;  this  end  the  course  shoiilil   be  cliaiii^ed  to  the  westward  so  as 

■iiM-s  Keil  pock  one-ipiaiter  <d' a  mile  on   the  starboard   beam.     Due  and  three  quarters  miles 

"I'liAiid  of  I  Jed  Pock  lies  the  biio>  ma  i  kin  j;'  the  Inv  incible  I.oek.  and  a  III  tie  liiitlHT  on  the  Whit- 

z  1   'I  k  I'.iioy  and  the  red  bnoy  miiikiii};  the  lil'tet  n  feet  loek  olVtlie  Mast    I'.rother.      I'liese  aids 

"  ii  n  i^ation  are  close  together  and  can  lie  readily  made  out  w  hen  a  vessel  is  abreast  of  Ped  Pock. 

^•'•'■\  ^1  as  to  leave  them  about  one  (piaiter  of  a  mile  to  slarbuaid.     When  the  last  of  these  buoys, 

III' II 'Ibiioy  maikiii;,Mhe  lil'tceii  t'eet   rock,   is  nearly  abeam   and  distant  about  onc-ipiarter  of  a 

ii'i'.  mil  Point  Sail  Pablo  is  well  opened  to  the  northward  of  the  Hast  P.rotlier  I.|i;lil,  chan.;:'!'  the 

'"ii>i' lonorlh-iiortlieast   {NNl',.i  for   fair  and  three  tpiarlers   miles.     This  course  will  pass  the 

i'"iiit  San   Pablo  Piii..y   (red)  half  a  mile  to  starboard,  and  •■  the  Sisters,"  two  bare  roeks  lyiii;;olf 

I'l'iiit  San  Pedro,  till (|iiarteis  of  a  mile  to  port.      If  the  ciiiieiil   be  llnod.  it    will  run  directly 

'iii'iii;:!i  on  this  course  on  the  second  and  third  (piarieis  w  ith  a  \  elocit  \  of  (Mic  to  one  and  one 
i'li'ii  knots.  If  It  be  ebb,  the  ciiiicnt  will  >et  to  the  south  smilheast  on  the  lirst  and  second 
riiiiii-  at  the  rate  of  two  to  t  wo  and  a  half  knots  ;  on  the  last  ipiaitcr  of  the  ebb  the  ciirient  sets 
"iilli  l'>  east,  over  the  rocks,  with  a  viocity  of  one  and  thrcc-tpiarters  knots. 

\\  lien  this  north  iiortneast  (NNM  )  course  has  been  maintained  for  four  and  threc-ipiarti'is 
iiiili-N  liie  vcs.sel  will  lie  abreast  of  Point  Peiiole.  beariiif;  southeast  by  east  ^SK.  by  !•:.),  distant 
"III' ami  one  ei;.ditli  miles.  Point  Peiiole  Ibioy  bearinjr  east  by  south  half  south  (K.  by  S.  AS.), 
Ii'^taiii  two  thirds  of  a  mile,  and  .Mare  Island  l.iiihf-honse  bearing;  mntlieast  three  eighths  east 
•^'••t  '■■       -M  this  point  chaiijje  the  course  for   Mare  Island    la^ht  house  and   run  live  miles. 

•Calliil  Miiliilr  |v',ii>il  l,v  Iki'i-lii'V  III  l-.'O. 
1,_||    !■   (. Hi 


s« 


f  i^ 

m  \ 

'  \iL  I 

i 

■  t 

1 

*. 

w 


>  iv.., 


■  1    M 


242 


rACIKIC    ('(lAST    I'll.Ol. 


Wlicn  mil'  Mini  a  liall'  inilt-s  from  tlic  Inrniii;:  puiiit  on  tliis  ciiiirsc.  tlir  vessel  will  he  in  less  ilian 
lour  tallmnis  of  water  and  w  ill  conlirme  so  toi  two  anil  a  lialf  miles  fmllier,  when  the  wa'  t  ii;;aiii 
deepens;  hut  if  tile  eomse  is  steered  <'l(isel,\ ,  she  will  eioss  this  shoal  streteli  in  the  deepest  walii 
and  have  not  less  than  twenty  two  feet  at  the  Coast  Survey  datum  plane. 

After  lunniny:  live  miles  for  .Mare  Island  l.i^lil  hou>e  the  Kaii|iiiiies  Strait  opens  to  the  ea>i 
ni>i'theasl,  and  the  town  of  I'.enieia  liej;ins  to  open  to  the  mn  tliward  of  the  south  shore  of  tin 
strait.  If  hound  for  Port  ("osta  oraiiy  of  the  lo.ulin;;  |>laees  in  or  liivond  K.inpihies  Sliait.  <'liaiii;< 
the  eonrse  to  east  l)y  north  half  north  (I".,  hy  N.  \  N.!  and  conlinue  up  thiouuli  the  middle  nf  ||„- 
strait  to  plai'e  ot' destination.  If  liound  u|itoSui>un  r.a\  and  hi'vond,  see '•  Aids  to  .\'avii:atinii 
and  .Sailing;  l>ireetions"  further  on.  pa;;es  'Jl'l -J  1(1. 

Ihit  if  hound  ii|i  Maie  Island  Strait,  <liaiii;e  \  our  course  at  this  point  to  northeast  hy  east  hih 
east  (SV..  liy  !•'.  A  I'..l,  whieli  is  for  the  red  and  lilaeK  beacon  al  the  end  of  the  spit  lielweeii  M.iiv 
Inland  Strait  and  Kanpiiiu's  Strait.  \Vhen  within  ti\e  hnndicd  \  aids  ol"  this  heacon.  chan;:i' tin 
eouise  to  ncutli  half  west  (N.  A  W.)  (shaipl.\  it'  with  the  lloml,  hut  with  easy  helm  if  the  ciiiicni 
i.s  runninj;  out )  for  the  southein  end  of  tlii'  whai  \es  on  the  east  side  of  .Mare  Island  Strait.  ( 'mi 
tiiiue  this  course  until  .Mare  Island  Li;;ht  house  is  just  shut  in  and  hearin;;  ahout  southwest,  wIu'h 


the  wi'stern  side  of  the  strait,  with   its  wliancs  and  dock 


le  in   fall  \  iew  and   the  soiiiill 


and  hnoy  inaiUini;  Com  mission  K'oi'k  will  he  seen.     The  cnnrsc  Irom  this  point  up  t  he  .Strait  to  the 
Westward  ol'  Commission  K'ock  is  noitliwcst  halfwc-i  (NW.A  \\ .)  In  the  jinchoi.iui' oil'  the  N;a\ 


d.     A 


vessel  can  carrv  ov 


er  four  f.ithoms  in  the  Mare   Uhiml  Slr.iit,  hut  at  low   w.iter,  \i 


over  ei^^litceii  feet  draught  should  follow  these  diiect  ions  closely. 

I'etaluma  Creek*  empties  into  San    I'ahlo  P.av  at    the   iioithwist    exiremitv  thereol,  and   tlii 


channel  leadinu  to  it  across  the  extensive  llats  of  this  lu 


niai  kcd  w  iih  pileheacoiis,      flu 


{iencral  coiiise  to  the  tiist  of  these  heacons.  IVoin  a  |iositi.>n  half  a  mile  east  of  the  Sisteisdil 
Toint  San  I'edro.  is  north  li\  west  one  ipiaitcr  west  (N.  li\  W  .  '  W.)  and  the  distance  live  nnli  n  ; 
lint  as  nodeepwater  vessels   load  or  di-chaii;e  there,  no  sailiiii;  directions  will   he  ;;i\(  n  in  ilii^ 


The  liuov  list,  issued  everv  \i 


the    l.i-hl 


I'.iiiiid  and  turni>hed  free  ot  cliaiL:rii 


my  ship  master  upon  apiilication  at  the  ollice  ot  t  he  Inspccinr  of  llie  Twclllh  I.iijht  In  use  I  hstmt 
It  San  l-'rancis<'o.  .i:i\  cs  a  ilesci  ipt  ion  ot'  all  the  .1  ids  to  iiav  iyation  and  condcns 


ailin.i;  diici'lniiis 


for  lhi<  and  all  the  miiiipr  cieeks  and  sloii^'hs  empt  \  iii^'  i  iito  San  I'raiicisco  I '.ay  and  its  siihdi\  i^inii.- 

KAK'       INKS    sit;  M  r.t 


There  is  a  lai;;e  dc|itli  ot'  water  thrcm^^li  this  strait.  avei:ij;iny;  ahoiit  tifteeii  fathoms.  c\r(|ii 
in  the  eastern  part,  where  the  strait  widens  out  and  the  soniidin.:;s  decrease  to  ei^lit  an  I  h  n 
fathoms.     The  only  shoal   in   the   sirait    is   a    111  ice  fathom    patch  which    stretches  for  hall  a  inili 


siiiitliea>tw.iidl\  from   the   "icat    l'cii\>li|i  at    Uci 


llcm    loUiiids   the    e:i.>lein    |ia 


It  ot   .^'artl 


this  liioail  jiai  I  of  the  strait  the  deep  water  ch. 11 11 11  i  is  towards  ihc  southein  shore. 

I  or  a  \  cssel  I  Mil  I  ml  tliroiiuh  K  a  uplines  Si  rait  the  mid  channel  coiiise  will  carr.\  ten  to  niiicici  n 
fatlionis.  with  hi;:h  liills  on  each  side  and  hold  water  close  to  the  sliore.s.  Tile  wi'stcin  pai  1  ol  ilie 
strait  averages  Imlf  a  mile  in  width.  The  general  coiiises  liiroiiyh  it  aic:  from  ahieast  the  IiI.h  k 
and  red  Iichuu  on  the  north  side  of  the  en  I  ranee.  Ilist  east  li:ilt'  north  ( I"..  .',  N.)  for  two  miles;  tia  11 


soiithcu 


•  I    hv  ea>t  (Si;,  l.v  i;.)  for  t 


woand  a  half  miles  to  ahieast  of  .Marline/;  and  tlicnee  1:^ 


ilh   irriat    irraiii  uarehoiises  and  do(d;s,  feri\  slips,  eie. 


east  hy  east  (>.'i;.  by  ll.)  into  Siiismi  lia.\. 
The  south  shore  is  lar>;cl,\  built    up  \ 
and  about  three  liiimlred  and  lil't\  wheat  ships  annnall.N  lo.id  in  this  vicinity. 

SUISUN   UAY. 

Riii>iiii  I'.ay  opens  to  the  iioitheastwaril  of  Kanpiincs  Sirait.  It  is  a  lar;:e  area  of  coiiip  11  1 
tively  shoal  water,  with  many  llats.  iiiaisli  islands,  and  low  marshy  slioics.  The  main  clianne  in 
the  Saiianiciito  and  ."san  .loaipiin  i;i\eis  keeps  clo.>e  alon;;  the  sonlhein  slitac  of  ihis  ba\ .  1  i  > 
distance  beiii^fniiiieeii  miles  fioiii  Kanpiincs  Strait.  The  eastern  inouili  of  this  strait  isliiiee 
(piarters  nf  a  mile  w  ide  between  .Vrmy  I '1  a  lit  t  on  the  northwest  and  r.iiU's  Mead  I'oiiiti  (or  Sir-nii 
I'oiiitiim   the  southeast,     r.oth    points   are   bold  ami   loekyaml   moderately  hieh.     Tlic>d.|'l   •' 


m 

m 


'  An  iilcl  S|i:oiUli  iliait  r;ills  llic  iiilijiici'  tci  lliis  >lri;iiii   llir  I'^dcni  i\r  las  Ntcl'criji' 
I  An  olcl  .S|i.iiii-.li  (  liarl  rails  Ilic  wiilcsl  |iiirl  nl'  llii-  sli.iil  llie  llav  (if  Asmimi.|iI inn, 
I  Callcil  .Navy  I'oini  liy  Ihiiuijolil  in  l-.Mi. 
H'ailiil  I'liiiit  llcililaM  liy  liinj;(,Mil(l  in  l-riii. 


■liwflnBi 


I'ACirif    COAST    I'lLO"; 


Willi  I  t.itwcoii  tlu'iii  is  t'l'tflit  to  twclvt'  rallioins  (|iiitc  closo  In  citluT  point.  Tiir  hiiy  i)|i('ii.s  lil'oail 
t.iilh  iMiitlifast,  Willi  a  \nf<ii'  aii-a  of  water  and  <•('  low,  marsiiy  i.slaiuls,  willi  low  liills  in  llicdis 
Till' western  shore  runs  to  tlie  noi 111  northeast,  with  low,  inarsli\  land  ami  hills  heliind;  the 
mil. rill  slioit>  inns  generally  east-northeast,  wiiii    moderately   low,  hilly  jioints,  liordered  and 


l.iii. 


(1  li\  marshy  la 


nds 


liii|iorlaiit  chancres  are  reported  in  some  of  tlu'  ehannels  tliiouj;li  Snisiin  l!ay,  lint  the  follow- 
,i(-.(riptions  of  the  aids  to  navi^alioii  and  sailiii};  diiiH'tions  are  rminded  on  the  latest  authority, 
riccfdiii};  these  aids  we  mention  the  tiiirs  (t,  Arniji  /'«/«/,  at  the  eiitianie  to  the  bay.  The 
if  the  hijih  ami  low  tides  average  aliont  two  hums  later-  than  at  North  Uracil,  San  I'ran- 
,1X11.  Tnolilain  the  times  ami  heij;lils  of  the  tides  for  any  reipiiinl  date,  tiist  ohtain  from  the 
I'lic  i.i'ili's  ot  the  Coast  ami  (ieodelie  Siiivey  the  lines  and  hei;;lils  of  the  same  tides  at  San 
I'liiiK  i«ni,  then  lo  llie  lime  of  the  lii;:li  water  add  two  hours  and  live  minnles,  and  lo  llie  hei;;lil 
.iilil  uiic  and  two  inillis;  to  the  time  of  the  low  water  add  two  hours  and  twenty  Iwu  minutes,  and 


llllir- 


hn-li 


I  will  lie  the  same  as  i;iven  in  the  laMe. 


AIDS   Til   Till;    N  WKIATIiiN    (»l-    SflSlN    I!.\V. 


A  tidril fliiss  tiiin  liiiinj.  irilli  nil  iiinl  lihtik  liiirhmitol  slrijn  x,  has  been  plaeed  in  nineteen  fee! 
r  miiddv  liottoni  at  the  soiittieaslei'ii  tail  of  the  lirst  shoal  made  in  eiilei'iii<;  Siiisnn  Uav 


if  \(  ,ili  r  (i\  I 


liiiiii 


K  111  i|iii  lies  St  rail.*     .Vrmy  I'oint  lies  one  and  three  <pia  iters  miles  Miiitli  lifi\  -six  decrees  west 
S.  ."ill    \V,)|iom  it;   Uiiirs  llrad  roiiil  (or  Siiisiin  Point ),  one  and  live  ei<;liflis  miles  south  twentv- 


:lii 


i-l;:lll    lie 


,'rees  west  (S.  L'.so  W.) ;  and    Point    I'.dith,  one  and   one  ipiarter   miles  north   seventy  live 
iii-::iii  >  east  (N.  7")^  I"..).      Point    I-alith   is  the  lirst  low  and   marshy  point  on  the  hay  shore  to  the 


l'l|--IU.I|l 


I  he  elianiiel  for  the  Saeramento  and  San  .loaipiin  IJiveis  is  here  one  i  hird  of  a  mile  wide,  and 
liii.--  'iiioy  iiiiisi  lie  led  on  the  port  side  when  j^oinj;  up  towards  the  Saciamiiilo  K'lvcr.  It  is  also 
ilic  tiiniiMi^  lino\  for  Suisnii  Creek  and  Monte/.iima  Creek,  and  ninsi  lie  left  on  the  stai  lioa' d  hand 
li\  \(»i-|s  liiiiind  northward  for  either  of  the  latter  creeks. 

Siii\ini  ('nil;. — \  Ihinliliis.t  sjiur  hnuii,  with  nil  and  lihirl.  Imrizdiiliil  strijiis.  has  lieeii  placed  in 
iiiiii'  Icet  of  water  over  soft  liollom  on  the  tail  end  of  the  slioai  tiiakiir::  (nit  fimii  the  limad  side  of 
.liiiri'.>  Island  which  lies  lielween  Suisnii  Creek  on  the  west  w  aid  and  Monte/iima  Creek  on  the 
i;i.>tu;iiil.  It  must  lie  left  on  the  slarlioard  hand  liy  vessels  ;;oiii}i  iiitoSiiisiin  Creek,  and  on  the 
|i"il  li. mil  liy  vessels  fioinj;' into  Monle/iinia  Creek.  It  lies  live  and  one-lliird  iiiiiis  ficim  Army 
I'liiiit  liijliiwin^' the  hay  shoreline  on  the  west.  I'ollowiiii;  the  wesii-i  n  shore  t  .  Army  Point  at 
ilirili^iaiiit'  of  half  a  mile,  the  depth  of  water  will  he  eiuhteeii  feet  to  within  ti\  e  eiuliths  of  a  mile  if 
llii.s  liiiiiy. 

Sih  finiii'ittii  (liilinirl,  lUloij  AH.  I. —  .\  l:rxt-iliiss  spitr  hnnji  iiiiiiihil  lilm  I,  and  niiinhrnil  J. has  lieeii 
|i|.ii'iil  III  iiiiieteeii  feel  of  water  oxer  hard,  sandy  liotiom  \ei\  iicir  Puiiit  I'.dith.  'llie  eliaiiiiel  is 
lu'ic  Miy  tiaiiow,  and  the  liiioy  must  he  left  on  the  port  haul  in   jioini;  up  the  lia.v. 

I'liiiit  I'.dith  lies  oiieiiiiailer  of  a  mile  south  fcrlN  fiNe  ile;:iees  west  (.'<.  |.">  W.)  fioniit;  the 
Miiitli  1 11 11  111  of  Seal  Island  on  llie  north  side  of  the  channel  live  ci;.;  hi  lis  of  a  mile  noilli  eiulity  eij;lit 
ili';;iii->  cast  (N.  .'^S  V,.)\  and  the  west  end  of  I  toe  Island  on  the  north  side  of  the  el  la  line  I  one  and 
iiii>'i|iiaiter  miles  north  twt'iity  sevt'ii  devices  east  (N.  L'T  I'..),  'llie  highest  jiait  of  \\\\  I's  Head 
i'niiil  i>  jiist  over  tliee.\treniil\  of  I'oint  I'alilli. 

."^'i  iinni  nil)  VliitHuil,  lluuji  So.  W. — A  jUsI  tliixs  simr  himii  ikiIiiIi  il  hhiil,  and  iiiniiln  ml  1 5.  has  been 
;l»iil  111  twenty  feet  of  water  over  soft,  sticky  liottom  aliieast  the  noi  llicasi  part  of  Seal  Island. 
'i  iiiii>t  he  left  on  the  port  hand  in  K^inji  I'l'  'lie  hay.  The  .soul  hwesl  end  of  Seal  Island  on  the 
■"lull  Mill'  III'  i||(.  chiinnel  lies  half  a  mile  sont  h  nine  dejiices  east  (S.  !)  l\.)  from  il  :  the  northeast 
'  ml  I't  ."^cal  Island  a  little  o\er  a  ipiailer  ol  a  milc-Minth  .^e\  eiiiy  ei;;lit  iIcliiccs  east  iS.  T.s'  l"..);aiid 
lit-  «.■>!  end  of  Ijoe  Island  on  the  noilli  side  ol   the  channel  a  little  over  half  a  mile  iioitli   seven 


1  are  in  raiij;e  with  the  lii;;liesl  part  of  linll's 


'l'';;ivcs  east  (N.  1^  Iv).     Jinny  No.  1  and  Point  lalill 
111. Ill    rmiil. 

/.■■I  Ifliiiiil,  Ituoy  yo.  \. — \  Jir.stcliiss  simr  hiioii.  jtiiintnl  ml  and  niimlnnil  -|,  has  been  plaeed 
"1  Ixvi  ni\.iiiie  feel  over  hard,  sandy  bottom,  almost  midwa.N  bi-lueeii  the  middle  of  lloe  Isiand  on 
lliiimnli  and  the  low,  marshy  .shore  of  the  bay  on  the  south.  It  must  be  letl  on  the  starboard 
ii'lllii  »!ieu  piiiij;-  up  the  bay. 

I  111-,  wiih  imiiii'il  Ihv  "  Lower  Miilclli-  CkhiihI  "  liv  l!iii,u\niilit  In  l-.'iH,  iiml  tlir  ii  '.iiir  mi 


■f   I 


W' 


;lil  vM-ll  111-  ri'tuiiii'il. 


PAfllK'    COAST    ril.dT. 


245 


r.iiii'on  Xo.W,  Sun  Jiuniiiin  h'Inr  Miihlhdroinnl. — TIm*  rivt-r  at  its  iimiitli,  iM'twccii  tlic  low, 
iM.ii  li\  liaiiks,  is  hall  a  inilf  wide,  ami  ('\|iaiiils  slij;lillv  for  a  iiiiit-  iiisiilc.  An  cxlciisiv*-  iiiidtlUt 
.;i(Mihil  has  bcoii  riti'inc'd  Just  inside  the  entrance,  lia\  in;;  as  little  as  tliiie  feet  ol  watei  npon  it. 
I'lir  '  .nn  eliannel  runs  on  tiie  eastern  siile  of  this  mitldle  ^'lound  nndei  the  eastern  shore.  To 
mill,  ;he  iiiuthwest  tail  of  this   middle   ;.;round  a  ///7c  Ixanm   rrm. 


mill  II  nil  II  liii.i,  jtiiiiilnl  ml  ami 


uii'i-iil  10,  hasi)»'en  placed  in  four  feet  of  water.     It  nia.v  he  passed  on  either  hand  li\  ;;ivin^  it 

: I  berth. 

I'l'din  this  hciicon  the  wharf  at  ('ollinsx  ille  lies  iieail;,'  three  ipiailirs  of  a  iiiiie  north  nineteen 
;;iii>s  west  (N.  lit""  \N'.),  and  that  line  jiassesoxcr  the  middle  of  Ciiaiti  Kh't  ;  I  he  noi  t  liwe.st  point 
III.' entrance  to  the  i  iver  ( llnchels  !-<lanii)  a  little  over  one  ipiai  tei  of  a  mile  soii'h  lifl,\  two 
-I.  i>  west  (S.  . ")!.'"'  W.) ;    the    lied  Unoy  on    t  he  tail  of  'riin;;ue  Shoal    hall   a  mile  Mdilh    se\i'nt>- 


nine 


ileurees  wes 


t  {S.  T'.t  >  \V.)  ;    I'.eacon  No.  .S,  | 


iree  oiiartcis  of  a  liiile  son 


It  h  -I  \t  \   live  dem 


ees  west. 


iS.ii'>    \V-);  iiiid   the  northeast    point    of  the    ri\er  entrance  iSliermaii  isl.indj  half  a  mile   math 


lUI'Ili  \ 


iwi)  de^trces  east  (N.  L'l.'^  !•'. 


V.iii  Sii 


iiiiujnc  Slioiil  HiiDif. — ■roii;;ue  Shoal   lii  s  lietweeii   the  months  of  the   San  •loa<|Min  and  Saeia- 

in  Kivcis,  and  forms  a  luil  one   mile  hm;;,  siictehiii^  out    lioin  iIm'  wotcrn  end   of  Sliriinan 

■   1.     The  main  channel  ot'  the  Sacramento  sweeps  west  w  .i  id  iiieh  i  the  niiin  slnne  to  the  nm  th, 

^lollte/lllml  Island  and  Colli iisv ille,  and   then   tin  lis   smilhw  i id  e!o>c  under  the  ea.>t  shore  of 

tics  Island.      .\t  this  tiirii,  the  <'liaiinel  is  \  er\   iiariou  .  ami   thciail   end  of  Ton;;iie  Shoal 


to  the  islaml.     To  mark  the  entrance  to  tlii>  narrow    channel    llici 


e    lias   liei 


en  placed  oil 


llieciid  of  llie  shoal,  ill  twenty  feet  of  water,  iiy/rv/  < /(/x\  v/mc  Innni  imiiilt  il  rnl. 


Ii  lies  less  than  two  liiiiidred  \ards  from  the   maish\ 


lii'le  ol    I  lie    l>l.im 


1.       I' 


rom  It  tiie  w 


liarf 


at  ('ellnis\  ille  lies  nearly  one  mile  mnth  thirty  two  denii'cs  east  i.N. ."«_     \'..);   the  northwest  point 
cif  llie  iiioiilh  of  San   .loaipiin    IJi\  er  (liiickels    l>lami  I  half  a  mile    south   ci;:ht\  li\c   de;;rees  east 


S,  S'.     I",.'';    lieacon  No.  S  one  i|iiarter  of  a   mile 


Mllltll      SI 


\t.\  four  dc.irrecs  east   (S.tJPi;.);  and 


hiMioii  No.  HI  threetpiarters  of  a  mile  north  se\ent.\ nine  deeiecs  c.isi  (N.  TIP  !•; 


."^AILIMi    llll!i;(    TloNS    I'dl!    .^1   ISI   N    l!\V, 


I  ,^ 


'flii'so  mm  t  lie  taken  in  conin'clion  w  ilh  the  lalesi  edition  of  the  Coast  Survey  ehart  of  Snisnii 
.  uitli  the  undersiamlin;;  that  the  liiioys  and   licaciuis  are  ehanijed   hy  the  I,i;;ht  lioii.-.e  lioard 


111  i\\  I-  I  lie 


atest  line  of  the  West  eliaiiiirl. 


I  Mini  the  miihlle  of  the  eastcin  eiitiance  to  Kanpiincs  Strait,  liciweeii  Aimy  I'oint  and  liiiU's 
111  111  I'liiiit,  steer  iiori  hcast  one  thud  east  (  N  I'..  .',  \'.. ;  for  one  and  li\  e-ei-hi  lis  iiiiles.  c.irr.v  in;;  from 
M'\i'ii  111  three  and  a  half  fathoms  ot'  water,  to  the  liistelass  spailnios  wiih  leil  and  Mack  hori- 
/(jiii.il  siiipcs  which  marks  thi'  southeastern  e\lreiiiity  of  the  Lower  Miihlle  (iroiiml.  Keep  just 
tn  the  Mint h ward  of  this  liiioy,  and  w  hen  up  to  it  chaiiue  the  course  to  east  iioi  t  hcast   1 11 N  V..)  for 


three fiuhtlis    miles,  eari\iiii 


tl 


nee    and    lliiceoi 


laiteis    to    ti\e    tathoms   of  water,   to 


M  iil>  .'^par  liiioy  .No.  1,  w  liieh  lies  on  the  north  side  of  the  channel  and  one  third  of  a  mile  iiortli- 
r.ist  iimii  roiiil  I'alith.  The  eastern  eiiliance  to  the  ohl  channel,  l>et ween  the  low,  marshy  Seal 
M.n.'i  .iiid  the  et|nally  low  and  marshy  south  shore  ot'  the  liay.  has  shoaled  and  almost  closed  up. 
ihiiilme  from  I'liioy  No.  I  steer  northeast  one  eighth  east  (Nil.  .1,  1'..)  for  three  iniarters  of  a  mile 
III  liliii  l>  Spar  Inioy  No.  :'.,  e.ii  lyini;   liom  three  and  a  half  fathoms  to  si\teeii  feet  ot'  wati'r  at   low 

le.     1,1  a\e  Ihioy  No.  .'1  on  yi   ir  port  hand  and  chaiiee  course  to  iiori hcast  hy  east  half  cast  (Nil. 

1  '"  )  tor  led  Spar  linoy  No.  I,  distant  se\-cii  ci;;litlis  of  a  mile,  eair.\  inn'  from  three  and  three- 

i|'i,irii:s  !oei;;hl  tat  horns  ot' water.  With  this  laioy  on  \  our  slarlioaid.  eontiniie  jiast  it  alioiit  one- 
liini  of  a  mile,  then  chanef  the  eoiirse  loeast  <nie(piaitei  south  (!•'..  \  S.)  for  one  and  seM'ii  eiuhlhs 
iiiiii^  III  the   iieacoii   at    .Middle    roiiii    on  the  .south  shore,  carr\  iii"  Iroiii  se\eiitecii  feet  to  eiulit 


111 


l;illi 
llin 
I'l^lillis  miles  (passing,'  oneipiarter  of  a  mile  to  starlioaid  of  the  red  and 


lollil. 


of  water  very  close  otl'  tlu^  iioint.     Continue  past  this   heaeon  on   tin'  same  eoiiise   for 
Jillis  (if  a  mile,  and  then  clianue  the  course  to  east  northeast   (l'.NI"..i  for  one  and  tliree- 

ilaek  spar  buoy  marking; 
lern  extremity  ot  the  Middle  Cuouml  at  seven  eijriitlis  of  a  mile),  when  the  beacon  at  Stake 
II  the  .south  side  of  the  eliannel,  will  bear  .sinitheast  by  east  onethiid  east  (Si;,  by  E.  \  K.) 

iw  well  delined  bv  the  banks,  which  are  half  a  mile 


ii>'iil.\  half  a  mile  distant.     The  eliannel 

iil''ii'.  with  from  four  to  .seven  fathoms  of  water  between  th 


IS  ill 


I'liiii' 
lit  n 


'Ml  Ihel.i.^t  position,  west  northwest  of  Stake  I'oint  ricaeon,  steer  I  Iiioiilh  iiiiil  eliannel  on  a 
1  ist  half  south  (10.  .\  S.)  for  one  and  tmequarter  miles,  earryiim'  from  live  to  ei;;lit  fathoms 
liassmt;  Simmons'  I'oinl  Itcacon  on  the  port  hand.     When  one  eighth  of  a  mile  past 


1^1  I.  aiiil 


l^-  ,^fj. 


Ms; 


yi 


t  -If 


Siinnons'  Point  Pionrnii  stoor  onst  sovoiit'islitlis  iioitli  (i;.  ;  N.)  for  oiu>  and  tliroc-tjnurtcrs  mill  •;. 
earning'  fmni  sovi'n  to  lonr  anil  kiic  (iiiartcr  fatlioins  of  wafci,  nnlil  nearly  n|>  wiili  tlic  t'asi  lanil 
on  tlio  sdtitli  shorp  Just  west  (if  ("ornwall  Landing;.  If  IhhiihI  ti>  tlit'  SacraniontK  oi-  San  .liiai|uiii 
liiviMs,  clianjri"  tlif  ('(inrsc  to  northeast  one  (inarler  noil li  (M:.  \  N.)  for  one  ami  scmmi  i'i;;liilis 
miles  to  iicacon  No,  S  (ret!  i,  eariv  init  from  six  to  ten  faliioms  ol  water.  Tlie  deep  water  oi  ihr 
main  eliannel  is  under  tlie  iiortlnvest  ;<liore,  wliieli  is  low  and  maisliy,  ami  ISi'aeoii  No.  S  .viaiiil.-. 
nearly  midway  Itetweeii  tlie  northwest  and  sonllieast  lianks. 

If  liouml  to  the  Haerameiito  K'lver,  and  lieinj;  nearlv  up  to  Heaenn  No.  S,  Imid  sharply  ninli  r 
the  northwest  Itaid;  and  pass  lietween  it  and  tlu*  red  spar  laioy  on  tiie  .soutliern  tail  ot'  Toii;:iii' 
Shoal,  \>  ith  a  jiassaue way  of  two  h'indred  yams  and  live  I'atlioms  of  water. 

If  lioaiid  to  the  San  .loaipiin  IJiver,  pass  ISeaeon  No.  S  on  the  stailioard  hand,  steeiinj;  ihmiIj 
east  by  east  i  wo  thuds  east  (Nl'..  liy  I'..  -:  K.)  lor  li\e  ei;;lithsol  a  mile  to  jleaeon  No.  loured),  pa>>iii^' 
it  on  starliiianl  hand,  and  haul  under  the  ea^<lern  shore  within  one  ipiarit  r  of  a  mile. 

le  and  three  (|iiaili'i'^ 


ds  i; 


.11   N. 


ill  the  sloiliih  to  till 


iwi'st   part  III  .Siiwiiii 

any  in;;  a  (;ood  \iiiim\ 

ilhoms  lit    water  Ini 

»■';  on  the    wesi    alul 


lie  liiyli  tidesa\i'i.i;;r 
le  low    walei's  in  ,iii\ 


reil  I 


lati 


lirsi  iiM.iiii 


III  the  same  liih 


al 


mull 


iiid 


id  liltv  Idiir  n 


later  tli:ui  at  (' 


.sontlieasi  waul 
he  oilier  emls 
loliiii  <'reelw 
and  till'  railw. 


.1-1 


general  diieelinii 
n  feet,  w  nil  .1  u  'ii^ 
is  a  lieaeiiii  oil  !  M  1  \ 
.s  upon  I  liriti  ai  null!. 
I'tiii'iia  Island  i.i.'hl ; 
■re  the  ai  rilicial  \^.i!N 
e  aililii'ial  eoiiMiiii' 
miew  hat  vMiJei  Iliaii 
ssed  lis  I  wo  railriMil 
asin  to  the  ea--M'.ni|. 
le  soul  h  >hli-  '■'  '  In 
n  leii;jlli.  ami  p  '  'I 
lese  liuo\s  lie  M-v .  ii;> 


H  in  this  eiiek,  ■' 
for  winter  pioii ' 


plyini,'  lietween  dali- 


r.\('iKic  (iiAsr   I'll, or. 
(jiakantim;  stath'N,  san  iijancisio. 


247 


('iiniiiiis.sioiu'rs  a|)|ii>int«'il  l.y  tlic  I'liitt'il  Stales  lia\<'  n'|piiiii'il  in  iMMiiof  In.'aiiiiLr  Hm-  ("nivcrn- 
iii,!it  i|Maraiitint^  staliDri  at  llmsc  Slimi  ("nvc.  i>ii  llic  iioilliwcst  njiIi-  kI'  .\ii;.'rl  l>laiiil.  ii|iiiii  the 
Mialli  hiiltMil'  liacctMiii  Strait. 

NATKINAI,   f.'IAKANIINK    Kl'.dll.ATIONS. 

rin- Siii';;<'(iii(itMU'i'ai  of  the  I'liitcil  Stalt'S  Marine  llns|iilal  Sciviic  lias  issiicil  tlif  Collowinf' 
I'  _  I  la  I  inns,  \N  1 1  it'll  must  Im>  *iI)s  'vvrd  at  all  Natinnal  i|uaranlini'  si  a  I  ions  : 

I.  When  ii  \<'ssi'l  arrives  al  a  Naliinial  i|uai'antino  slaliiin  IVnni  an  inl'ii'ii'il  juirl  ami  ri'iinires 
ili^inl'i'i'lii)ii,  slif  will  lit'  snli|i'<'t('i|  ti>  onlinar.v  <lisintri'li(in,  as  |iiii\  idiil  in  tni'inci-  insulations. 

'_'.  W I  It'll  any  Vfsstls  liall  aiiix  f  at  a  Natinnal  ipiai  aritini-  siat  imi  in  sncli  a  Inn  I  t't)n(litii>n  as  tti 
ii  ihlcr  litT  tlan^ffcins  t'luni  a  sanilai  \'  imint  t>t'  \  irw,  and  is  IuiiihI  to  iim|iiii(.  tli'ansin;^-  ami  ilisinlff- 
thill,  li,i\  \\i'^  at  aiiv  tiiriini'  tinif  «  ii  liiii  nin'  Vf.ir  lnfii  Mihji'ciril  in  tiiilin.ii  \  ilisinriitiun.sinli  \fssi'l 
wvA  III'  i'i't|niii'tl  tti  iiiiilt'ij^t)  <'\  1 1^1  nil  i  nary  tlisinlrt'linn,  wliii'li.  In  ailililmn  In  the  milinaiy  iiieasni'es. 
Hill  iiiiliitle  hilly  stnniiii;,  st'ra|iin;,',  tlie  taUiiii;  nnl  nt'  rniieii  unml,  a  miihuI  ilisiiitet'tinii,  ami  inle- 
lini'  If  aintinj,',  all  nt'  wliieli  will  lie  n'i|iiiit'il  lulnre  ui  aiil  inu'  a  tei  I  ilieale  nl'  Iree  |iralii|nt'. 

THK   DISCOVERY   OK  THK   HAY   OK   SAN    KKANCISCO. 

Neitlifi'  ralii'illn  nnr  liis  siit't'essnr  saw  tlie  enasi  in  t  lie  \  iiiniiy  nl  I  lie  ( Init'  nt"  I  lie  I'aiallnnt's. 
I  In  !lie  I  "Jill  tit'  Nii\  t'liilier,  l."i  I'J,  ( 'a  I  nil  In  t'lieniinteiril  a  j;rt'at  sunt  liuest  sini  ni  till'  <  'ariiiel  lla\  ami 
lull  In  I  III!  Iiel'nlt'  il,  st't'iii;j  lin  la  in  I  lieytiiiil  ('alio  tie  Nie\  e  (lieliiml  I 'mill  Ann  Nne\  n)  mil  il  lie  was 
ell  I'nilit  nt"  I'ilies,  at  r'nltljnss.  He  Inst  si;;lit  nt'  liis  tniisnl  I .  In  ili  il  1  lie  eli.in  ue  nt' t  itiiil  at  I'nint 
Arena,  ami  re|ini'leil  the  enast  inniiiilaiiis  enveieil  with  simw.  He  reinriieil  smiihwaitl.  ami, 
I'liiiiilin;;  I'nint  l>'e,\  e>.  snn;;lit  t'nr  ain'liniajse  ami  |iintee|  iuii  in  I  lie  ••  ( liainl  ( iulf"  nmli  r  that  Inad- 
!:iii.l :  liiit  thf  weather  was  Itatl,  ami,  iinelinrinif  in  tmty  live  t'aihnm-^  tiT  u  iti  r,  he  lunk  iinssessinii 
tit' llie  eniintiy  ami  ealletl  this  tirnatl  l)i;;lit  the  J'>a.\  nt  I'ines.  lie  ilnes  imt  ineiiiinii  I'nint  Ii'e.ves 
i'\i'i'|it  as  a  tiirnin;^  (if  the  .shtifeliiie,  imr  the  l'"arallnm's ;  ami  \i'r\  eerlainly  ditl  imt  see  the 
iiiiiaiietHti  San  I'laneiset)  Uay. 

Ill  I  he  twti  .siiliset|neiit  passages  tit'  I'tiit'lti,  the  snceessiir  ut'  Calirilln,  he  was  driven  oil  the 
I si  in  this  vieiiiily  liy  liatl  v, father. 

'I'lie  hay  was  imt  enleretl  by  Sir  l'"raneis  Drake  who  anelmreil  iimler  I'oiiit  IJevt's  in  .Inne  ami 
.Iiil\.  l.".T!t. 

Tile  r.ay  ot  San  fraiieisen  was  imt  kimwii  In  Ni/eaiim  u  Im  eiileied  l.a  I'mi  In  ile  San  I'laii- 
riM'ii  in  .laiiiiaiy,  liili.!,  Inil  this  harlior  was  under  I'nint  K'e.M's  wline  ihe  Sini  Ainnisthii  was 
sii|i|Mi-.eil  111  has  e  lieeii  Inst  in  I'l'.fi  at  t  he  hailinr  nt  San  I'raneisen. 

II  uas  lint  kiinwii  tn  I  >nii  .liise  ( 'alirera  liiiemi  (inn/ales,  who  |inlilislieil  a  t  oast   I'llnl  nl'  this 

ill.l>l    III     IT.il. 

A  land  tliseoM'iy  nt  the  I'.ay  was  inaile  in  IT'i'.His  (ias|iarde  I'm  lal  i,  <  in\  ei  nnr  nl' ( 'alil'ni  nia, 
wImi  lett  San  IHi'un  In  estalilish  a  .lesiiil  inissimi  al  Mniiliies.  Allliniii;li  they  passed  I'ninl  I'iiios 
;illi|  tiaveietl  aloli;;  the  shores  ot  Molite;e\  l!a>,  llies  t.iilid  In  ret'n;L;iii/.e  \i/.ea  inn's  di^eiipl  inii 
111  a  "  laniniis  ha  i  Imr,  prnteeted  Irmii  all  w  imls,"  and  emil  iniied  iini  i  liuaid  as  tar  as  Pillar  I'nint. 
i'liiiii  ilie  iiionntains  tn  the  iinith  ami  n\  ei  Innkiiii;  Halt  Mnnii  \\.\\  a  leeniinnilei  iii^  parly  saw 
an  iiiiiiieiise  iiilaiitl  sea.  'rhe,\  alsn  saw  I'ninl  l.'es  is  and  t  he  ••  l'"arallnms  al  I  he  pm  t  nt' San  I'raii- 
li^iii,"  and  elitleaxtiretl  tn  leaeh  I'ninl  In-M'S,  liiil  were  hindered  li.\  atrial  ai  ni  nl' |  lie  sea.  w  liieli 
w.is  leally  the  (Inldeii  <iate  and  Itayot.San  frami.sen,  Nii\  t'lnher  L',  ITii'.t. 

A  letter  tinin  the  .Manplis  tie  Croix  tn  I  )nn  I'edio  I''ai;iis,  (Inveriinr,  ele..  dated  Me\i(ii, 
Nn\iiiilH'r  iL',  1770,  alter  reteriiii;;  to  the  expedilimi  nl  I  »nn  (ia>par  de  I'm  lala,  I  a  (Invernnr,  etc., 
riiiiiplaiiisitt  the  want  otany  iit>wsof  the  limliiij;  nt  the  i;a.\  nISaii  I'"i.im'iseii.  whiih  he  deserilies 
ii>  in  l.ititiidt^  .'IS-'  WW. 

III  Aii;:i'.st.  177  I.  Dull  .liiaii  I'ere/,  in  the  .sVni/i'tK/n.  upon  his  return  sonthwanl  iiiatle  ihe  North 
I'ai.illmies,  whit'll  lie  tn  the  sonthwi'st  ot  I'oint  Ileses.  and  live  iea;;iies  trniii  the  pni  t  otSan  I'ran- 
ri^in.  When  the  islets  Wfre  seen,  at  the  ilistaiiee  nt  niie  leaj;iie,  •■  the  emirse  w.is  ehan^'ed  to 
Miiilhwest  III  tinier  to  lea\  e  lliein  to  leeward,  not  know  inj;-  w  hellier  there  was  a  ,u md  |iassai;e  lie- 
twri  II  iheiii  ami  the  shore."  Tliev  atterwaids  saw  the  Smitheast  Faralloii,  bill  the  \\eatlier  was  too 
lliii'k  tn  see  the  sho!'-.     ,  I''al  her  .1  iinipein  Sena's  narrative.) 


i   I 


» ijt' 


r\(  iric  coAsr  i-ii.oT. 

On  lilt'  It'.tli  dC  Marcli.  177">,  tlu' iiiiiillioat  San  Cmli's,  uiMlcri'oiniiiaiiil  of  l»iiii  Maiiiii)  M.iii 
riiiiic,  left  Sail  Ulas  (in  ciniiiiany  wiili  tin-  Siiiifiai/o  anil  Sonorn)  with  omUts  fur  tlu>  n'coiiiiai-is.un  .■ 
dCtlH'  iidit  <>l'  San  I'lanrisi'i)  tliar  was  scfii  l>y  I'ortala's  oxpcililion.  In  .Innc,  unilrr  I'liiniiiaiiil  i.| 
|)(in  .Iiian  dc  Asala,  w  lu>  liad  .supfisftli'd  MaMiii|nc,  sIii'  It  It  Mond'ifV  ami  t-nlfifil  llif  ;;ii'at  inlaiiii 
si'ii  llimii;:!!  tin' <itilili'ii  (iatf,  iiinl  is  tho  liist  vessel  that  iliil  st>. 

In  the  same  year  the  sei'iind  Spanish  expedilittn  lor  liie  exphnalioii  td'  the  nurtlieni  cuast  fl 
ralitiiinia  appri>ai'iieil  the  bar  of  San  FiaiiciscD,  anil  the  sflionner  Siniiinu  niider  CDininaiiil  ni 
lleeeta.  lay  nil'  the  ent ranee.     On  the  ."tlli  t»f  Oettilier.  at  .">  p.  in. — 

Arttr  ii:i>Mii;;  I'liiiit  K'lyi'.s  \vf  ai  rivid  In  I  lie  iiiiylilMiilni(icl  nf  wiim>  isliiN,*  « liiili  in  I  In'  i  liiiit  iirt>  pliinil  in  ili, 
iniiiilli  lit'  111!'  San  i'laiii'iv",  (of  wliirli  reason  we  pa-'-ecl  liei  wfin  tliein,  );iiinn  almi;;  tin'  lain)  as  ilose  im  |i>isnili|e  i 
nicler  to  lakii  iiliservalieiis  (if  tin'  nioiitli  <>!' .San  I'lainisco,  anil   aetiiallv,  afler  sailing   into  t!ii>  entraneo  of  oM  s.,;, 
Kiaiii'iM  11,  laiiie  ill  -i;;lit,  at  I'l  |>.  in.,  of  the  new  |Miit,  Init   where  no  iliseaili.irUatlon  was  iiiaiK'  on  uccniint  of  Im  in;; 
hliort'li.'iiiileil  ami  llie  want  of  a  laiioe. 

We  n  iii.iiiieil  Ipeialiniil  until  the  lllli  ami  lei'i  ('.•r  .Monleioy. 

Ill  111!' eiilianre  to  the  lioil   of  San    I'l-.ineiseo  «e   I'oiiinl   soiiniliiins   I'roni   the   raniHom.s   from   t  wi'iily-ieven  i  . 
twelve  tathoiiK  In  .■iaiiil  .iinl  mud.     .\t  mioii  the  latltinh'  was  ;',T     i;i', 

This  e\pi'dilii)n  ilist'iiveii'il  I'mdeua  l!ay,  ami  lite  niate  nf  the  si'hiioni'f  ailded  ti>  the  i'\i>iiiu 
eoiit'iisiim  1)_\  et)iil'i)ittidiiio  Ittiiletia  Hay  wiiii  Sir  Francis  Drake's.      llesa.Ns: 

Till- port  of  Sir  I'l-aiieis  Urake  has  lie rnmeoiislv  ealleil  .S  in    t'raiieiscn.     '     '     "      That   of   I'liiiieis  PraKi' i-. 

i'r.inilseo  is  to  till'  MoiitheasI  of  I'oint,  h'l  yes,  a  Verv  hliorl  illHlance  fioin  tli. 


s  to  the  siiiitli-soiithwi'st.     ' 


The  San  i'l.iiieiseo  port  (»f  lo-iluy  (itetolu-i, 


lilt    Keyi 


anil    Is  not  ea.,ilv    <llseo\er<(l    unless   It    is  i-iittTcil  noiih' ilNtaii 


til'   .San   I''taneisn)   IJay  was  };iven   liy   IKhi   .Iiian    I''raneisi>  do  l.i 

e.xpliiialitin   of  177I>.     l.'elni iiiiifj;  from   the  iiorlh  the  F(iri,,ii,i 

Sf|)tiiiilnr  anil  anehnitil   oil  the   l'i'esiilit»  in   ten    falliniiis;  the 

1  aiiehored   near  l>y   in  lilteen  fatiioins.     They  plaeed  the  lia^s  iii 

d'eharts,  ptililished  in  17S!t,  ojvesa  "plan  of  I'ott  San  I'laneiseir" 
is  .--iiioiilaily  eiiiiiu'oiis  tiiid  without  seale.      Il  ]d,ii('s  I'liiita  d. 
ml  the  tti'liil  of  tile  eu.isl  Ihetiee  to  the  (iolilen  (iate  is  laid  duv  'i 
l-'aralloiies  in  thiilytim;  falhoins,  nitid. 

1  17'.l.'antl  17'.l.!,  and  |::ivis  a  noml  ;;eiieial  map  of  the  tiilianri  . 
as  tliiii  tieeiipied  liy  Spanish  troojis.  ami  lie  was  not  jiei  mil  lid  !.■ 


ol    II 


tiid  il 


s  aiHiroaelii's. 


llie  hay,  ami  the  aslronoiner  of  his  vessel  ilelermitiei!  the  I. in 


I  mil 


iml  the  lono;it 


tide  .s'' ti'.t"  ;;'.l».<;  west,      r.oth   determinal 


inaliiiiis  ,iti' 


hie  siirvev  w 


IS  iiiaile 


hv  t'apl.  Fred.  \V.  II 


ill  I  lie  /iVo 


is  wntk  to  the.  Strait  id'  Kati 


piim 
dward  r>ilflier  aseeiided   llnr  S;i 


iifk     eari 


led  II 


lesitrM'V  ill) 


wn  II 


lienlo  with  the  liii,il>   nl    I  in 
It' ri\  t'f  It)  eoniieel  willi  I'iiiiIhn '■• 


1- 

oitil  \'ietoiia.  and  plaees  iiilatilmle  .'i.S  Id'  17"  and  n  17  .11  ,i 
I  Kiieiia.  This  point  is  fiiniietl  1)\  the  entilliieiiee  of  llir  Ki"  de 
Ml  till'  Saeranieiito  Itiver  ahotit  twetitv  miles  ahove  S.iitaiiieiili' 


\e   his   stall 


iiijr   point  was  fordable,  and  tlietiee  In  ii.- 


siani'i'  ahii 

1','s  one  liiiiidtetl  and  lil'ty  miles, 
^'alionisal   l.'ed   Kliilfs.  in  lalilnde  10"  1(1'. 

ey  charts  fiirnisli  all  that  ean  lie  desiied  in  ie;,'aril  In  I  hi  lnui 
I  and  atliaeent  wateis  tip  to  ami  iiielmlin;.'  the  tnoiitlis  nf  t!: 
•ers. 

:M    I'OINT   KI'.VI'.S   'I'O    TiiMAI.i:.S    I'OINT, 

e  litiil  a  liiiio;  re.ii'h  of  liroail.  while  sand  lietieh,  haekeil  liy  s.ii- 
I  one  lliird  east  (N.  :\  i'l.)  diteelion   liel ween  nine  ami   leli  tiiiN  ~ 


northwest  and  elian^ics  to  a 


i;;h,  preeipitotis,  rocky  enasl  ii 


i.'iiiii'  ii.'ur.illv' 


lleil  11 Islels  of  San  l-'i 


Till'  riil^ 

eXirellilty  of 
I  i|il  II  let'  mi 
h'l'i  iii;:li,  wii 
riil;;v  a  lillle 
iiiiil  lucky  ell 
lliL'  i  :d;;i'.  w  li 
Tliiee  ipi 
il;;llty  I'eet  it 
llil'ii'  ratlioln 
>lli'lcli  III'  I'll; 
.111  a\ri.|oe  ill 
I'lllVe  Is  less  t 

e:iili  liiree  an 
the  liMlfoorai 
.III'  in  If  a  hot 

I'l  II  \     Mill     jrr, 

I'liai.iileiislic 

\   1  sscis   I'l 

illr  Miliii'titlies 
liny  ,iie  siinll 
mil  mill  tliii  I; 
tiiili'  if  the  ell 
ilei'fiMscs  friin 
'Mils  III  si\  or  .« 
live  iiiijis  soiit 
'li'jilli  liiiiii  tlli 
luilfs  til  make 
!■*  vi'i\  eli.irael 
.mil  a  Vessel  III 
mill-,  rii,.  |-,)| 
-""II-.  (See.v 
llii'  inn ;li west. 
Till'  j,'ei)y:r 
"f  till'  iMrcmil 

lllllHtl   by  till"  ( 


ITH'l 


I'ACIKIC   COAST    ni.oT. 


249 


til  I'lint  Toinnlt's,  wliicli  boars  iinitli  vli-vfii  iiiiil  a  liiilf  (li';.'if«'M  west  (N.  IIP  W.),  distant  foiir- 
'II  J  :iii<l  a  lialf  iiiiN'H  from  the  M;;litliiiiisr  on  Toiiit  Itt'Si-s.  Itclijinl  tlic  s;iiiil  iIiiim-s  tli*'  laiiil  is 
,.t  iiii)ilt'ra(tM'l«'vatioii  and  trofh-sN,  Imt  all'ords  fjo.id  arii/AUii.  I'ivi'  iiiiU's  Iroin  I'oiiit  Uc.voh  tlio 
I  Mill  iminodiatfly  bfliind  tin'  hcacli  is  iiiiitt'  low,  and  in  li;i/,\  wcatla-r  vessels  will  he  deeei\ed  iti 
r>;i  iialiiiK  their  distance  theret'roni.  Two  and  a  half  miles  tiortliward  of  ruiiit  Ifeyes,  the  llritisli 
-hi  lliiihliii!il<)nnhire  wi'iit  ashore  in  Aiuil,  l.S8.">,  w  ith  all  sails  set,  in  l'o^^^'v  weather,  and  lu'camo 
,1  i.ii  il  wri'ek. 

Sexeiiand  a  half  miles  above  Point  K'e.ves  is  the  oiieiiiii;:  to  Alihdlt's  l.dijooii  i>v  Mstero,  the 
Miiiih  point  of  which  is  low  and  saiidv,  and  the  ninth  point  soon  rises  to  one  linndrcd  ami  I'ort.v 
lilt.  The  «'hanm'l  is  thirty  yards  wide  at  liij^li  waler.and  bare  at  low  water.  At  the  time  of 
ilii'  Hirvey  a  wreck  lay  otV  the  south  jioint  'I'he  wider  ami  lar;:er  inin  of  tlie  lagoon  inns  nearly 
iiiH  mile  sontheastwardly  towards  the  head  of  the  wcsleiii  branch  of  the  Ivstcmde  Liinanlonr, 
.iihI  I  little  more  than  that  distance  from  it,  The  other  aim  runs  msirly  a  mile  and  a  half  to  tliu 
iheastward. 

AIdiij;  this  loiif;  line  of  strai>j;lit  shore  from  Point  Ifeyes  we  have  from  a  shore  station  w  atclied 

ilif  iiidy  inshore  current  working  to  the  northward;  it  soinelimcs  extends  sc\fral  miles  from 

>lioie. 

TOAIAI.KS    I'UINT. 

Ilie  ridjie  forminj;  Tomales  Point  and  the  western  shore  of  Toinales  Hay  is  the  noithern 
I  xiiiiiiity  of  the  twenty  li\t'niile  mountain  ridp' starting;  Inn. i  l>ii\liury  I'oint.  About  four  and 
ii|ii.iilcr  miles  staitlieastwardly  from  the  point  the  iid^;e  is  six  luindred  and  seveiitythiee 
lirl  liiuii.  with  slifihtly  lower  jjround  a  few  miles  sonlh.  It  i-.  where  the  sand  dunes  strike  this 
iiil;:i' a  lilllc  further  south  that  the  coast  chaii;;cs  its  charai'tii':  thence  to  the  point  it  has  bold 
iiinl  nicky  cliUs  with  breakers  about  one  third  of  a  mile  nil'  the  point,  and  en  the  proliin;;ation  of 
ilie  i;il;;c.  which  averajres  less  than  three  i|uarters  of  a  mile  in  breadth  t'li  the  lasf  four  miles. 

riiiec  i|uarters  of  a  mile  belbre  readiiu^  Tomales  Point  fnun  the  southward,  a  rocky  islet, 
ii;:lil.v  lect  in  hei;;lit,  is  seen  within  less  than  a  <|uarterof  a  mile  Iniin  thecliiVs  and  within  the 
iliiif  liillinin  line  of  soundin;;s.  With  this  exeepiion  there  are  no  ontlxin;,'  dan^'eis  otV  this 
>ni'trli  of  coast  line,  and  no  kelp,  and  the  beach  is  ipiite  sleep.  The  tw4Mit.\  fathom  cur\'e  lies  at 
.III  :iM'i:i>;'e  distance  <d'  one  nnle  oil'  shine,  and  the  ten  falhoin  at  half  a  nule.  The  thirty  fathom 
I'iMvi' is  less  than  three  miles  olf  shore,  and  thence  seawmd  llie  depth  iiicie;i>cs  ten  fathoms  about 
i;iili  liiiee  and  a  half  miles  to  sc\-enl>  f  ithonis  at  lll'teen  or  sixteen  miles  oil  slmre,  licyond  that 
till' li\ibii;:raphy  is  not  completed.  Ahui;;  tiie  coast  in  ten  and  twiiily  I'atiioiiis  the  soiindiii;.'s 
lire  iiM'i' a  bottom  of  hard  sand  and  clay  ;  and  from  thirty  I'al  hums  out  ward  the  bottom  is  priiici- 
{i:ill\  Mill  ^leeii  mild  sometimes  marked  by  line.  };reen  sand,  mica,  or  broken  shells,  but  the 
I'iiiii.irli'i  istic  is  the  ^M'eeii  mud  as  the  depth  increases. 

N'isscis  cominy;  from  t ho  northwestward  in  \\>'^ii\  weather,  and  haulin<;  in  to  make  the  land, 
an' sciiiiitiincs  deceived  by  the  soiindiiij:s  and  beliexe  tlieiiiseh  es  siail  h  ot'  Point  I'eyes.  Put  if 
ilny.ne  siiiith  (d"  Point  Peycs  the  cliaraeler  of  the  swell  ehanues  very  perceptibly  when  they 
mil  iMiii  tliiily  fathoms  of  water.  If  the  lead  is  used  there  need  be  no  hesiiuiion  about  the  litr 
liiiK'  it  tlie  chart  is  consulted,  bocanso  ten  miles  to  the  northward  of  Point  Itexes  the  deiith 
iliiTiiMS  I'loin  sixty  to  thirty  f.ithoms  in  eleven  miles  on  an  east  I'onrse;  froin  sixty  to  tiiiity  I'alh- 
iMii>  111  six  or  seven  miles  oil'  I'oint  Peyes  ;  and  from  sixty  to  thirty  I'atiioiis  in  se\enteeii  miles, 
liM' iiilis  south  of  Point  Keyes.  .\  \essrl  noil  h  of  Point  Peyes.  rniiniiiLicasterly,  will  chaiifie  her 
'li'liili  iiiiiii  thirty  to  twenty  fathoms  in  one  inih';  soiilli  of  Point  b'e.vcs  she  will  have  to  run  live 
iiiiirs  III  make  the  same  eliaiiy:e.  This  sinlden  chan.uc  sn  close  in  shore,  iiori  hwiiid  of  Point  IJeves, 
^vi'iv  ili.iriu'teristic.  The  northwesterly  swell  rolls  sipiarely  on  the  bea<'h  north  ol  Point  Ifeyes, 
.iiiil  ^1  M'ssel  tindiii!.'  herstdf  in  twonty  fathoms  ou;:lit  to  haul  out  without  hesitation  or  anchor  at 
"iiif.  I'he  rote  of  the  surf  on  the  beach  can  be  heard  at  that  distance  if  the  wind  is  not  too 
-Hull-  (Sec  sailiii^i  directiims,  pa^'es  IMS,  21!t.  U'L'tt  (7  .vci/.,  for  \essels  bound  to  San  I'lanciseo  from 
till' iiniihwest,  in  fo;,';;y  and  thick  weather.) 

f;  V  ;,'ei);fraphical  jiosition  of  the  tri-^onometrical  station  about  one  hundred  yards  southeast 
I'fllii' 1  Atreiiiity  of  the  blulfat  Tomales  Point  and  about  eij,dity  feet  above  the  sea  was  «leter- 
iiiiiRil  liy  the  Coast  Survey  as  follows: 

l-iitltiiilc :is  ■     If     l.V'.l  imrlli. 

i-iiii;:iiiiili' l-jy'^    iV.i'    :«r'.;!  wist. 

III.  iu  tiinii s''     11'"  TiSMi. 


.■  1  i 


t  .jp  "1  \t 


m         1  .  :••  • 


M 


2r)(>  I'Ai  MIC  ((lAsr  rii.or. 

Till'  iii;i;;i)ctic  viiri;ili"ii  \mih  HI    ."ill'  cii.st  in  I.S.s."i,  and  Ihr  mmiIv  ini'irast'  is  (l'..'i. 
Till'  piiint   rises  to  two  hninlit'il  IVi't  t'lcvatitiii  at   one  i|iiai'ti'i' ot' a   mile  to  tin-  soutliwiml  I'l 
tLi.s  station. 

I'ldin  I'oint  Toinalfs  wc  Iiavc  tin-  lollowinj,'  lu'ariii;:^  ami  tlisianics  to  inoniincnt  olijcris: 


I '.mil  til  M  «  l.i;;lilli(iiiM.  >.  II ;      i: 


l!.Mlr;;a  il.ail 


I'.Mtit  Airiia  l.l^lll'l|c 


N.i      W, 


IH  mill's. 
M  inlli'N. 

.V.     Ill  I  Irs. 


This  |iiiiiit  was  calli'il  (Ileal  r.<iile;:a  Cape  liv  the  liii.ssiaii.-'  as  late  a.>.  l.SjS.  On  llie  j.uisi 
Coast  Siii'MV  eliails  il  IS  called  'I'oliiales  I'oint. 

TO!VIAI.i:S   HAY. 

'I'lie  r.a\  of  'rninales  exlelids  t'lolli  Toniales  roilil  .^iilllh  lillv  I  Wn  de;:iees  ea>l  (.'^.  ."ij  i;.;|.ii 
tliiileeii  null's,  w  il  II  an  aveia;;e  \\iiltli  of  seven  eji:lit  lis  uf  .1  mile,  and  i>.  iiin;;lil,\  N|ieakiii;:.  |.  ii. 
allel  w  itii  I  lie  ^eiit  lal  eiiasi  line.  .Mil east  of  the  |iiiiiii  I  lie  liieadlh  i>  one  and  a  ijiiailei'  nnli  s,  imi 
in  the  dl>I.inee  of  one  mile  il  i-.  eonliaeled  to  olieiinai  ter  ul'  a  mile  n  ide  al  S.ilid  I'nilil,  w  iinji  i> 
a  low.  saiid.N  |Miiiit  riiniiin;;  mhiiIi  liuin  the  eastern  .slmre. 


In  III 


e  a|ililiiaelies  to  I  his  lia.\   the   three  I'.it  lioin    line  ol   .Miiiiidiiii;s    1 


Nlelids    t  w  II   liiiiiiln  . 
.il,  u  ilh  ,1  |i.ileli  I'l 


lilt.N  .vardsnl)  llie  |riiiiil  liivs, lids  the  noil  hwesi  :  and  a  I'oiii  Ireii  lei  1  >lii 
lie>  li\e  hundred  \.iids  ul)  the  |iiiiiit  to  the  iiorlhuot  Iin  nuiih  (NW.Im  .N.i;  lievond  llii>.  ijn- 
dejith  im'iea>es  to  ten  ti*l hiiins  ill  hall' a  mile.  <  >iie  1  hird  ol  a  mile  in>ide  the  |iiiint  i>  till' li.ir  III 
the  eiitiaiiee  lotlie  li.iN.and  aeioss  it  tor  abonl  three  hiinilird  .N.iids  the  de|iili  Is  \v\\  iii  1  m  ,1 
tiolliewhat  eonlr.ieted  ehannel  still  t'lll'tlier  oli.striieted  li.\  .'^aiid.v  liilii|is  of  .six  and  se\eli  liel.  'Hii.. 
ehaniiel  lies  lour  liiindied  sards  iVoiii  the  eariteni  liliitV  of  the  |Miini,  and  two  liltli.s  <!  a  inile  1  .i^t 
li,V  lioi  ill  \  v..  liv  N.)  I'loiii  the  extreme  |ioinl.  It  is  e.\|io.'>ed  to  the  lull  foiee  ol'  the  l|ii!lln\e.s|  .>v\i  ||, 
and  w  ith  llie  le.iNt  >wi'll  from  se.iward  il  Ineaks  aeioss  I  he  w  hole  enlianee.  One  sei  imiN  dr.iw  li.irlv 
to  erii>.siii^  llii>  li.il  Is  the  lialiillly  of  a  \  i'.--sel  losiii;,'  the  nihil  so  soon  as  she  i;ets  iiiiilii  I  hi'  lii  n| 
Tomah's  I 'ill  lit,  and  linn  di  iltin;,'  on  the  .sin  la  Is,  w  liieh  eaviialt  \   has  fieoneiil  ly  lM|i|iein'd, 


l''i>r  I  wii  or  three  miles  the  li.i\  is  Miinew  hat  eontiaiied  in  width,  Imi  I 


las  a    narinu  and  in. 


erat('l\    diep  ehannel  elo.'-e  iimli'i    Ihewoiein  .■shore,  w  here   two  inner   li.irs,  Willi   oii!\    Im  .nul 
.sixteen  liet,   lie  found  .it  one  and  a  half  and  loiir  and  a  i|  nail  el   miles  li.>iii  I  he  |>iiiiii.      I' '    '1 . 


itiiiii    the   iiitiame,  and   in    the    middle  of  the  lia\. 


mall    islet    loe.illv    know  11 


Island.     The  inner  liar.  ha\inj;  sixteen  feet  oNcr  it,  lies  half  a  mile  south  li.\  east  h.ilf  east    S.  !■    I 
h  !•'.)  Iron;  thi.s  islet.     'I'henee  the  ;;cneral  depth  of  the  water  ineieases  for  nearly  loiir  imlrs.  'vl..! 
it  .slioals  to  less  than  ei;;hleen   leet   and   ;;radnall,\  decreases  to  the  head.      .\  Nessel  ih.ii  e.iii  1  i.i»- 
tlie  li.ir  ean  1:0  within  two  mil.  s  of  the  head  of  the  lia,\  ai  low  water. 

The  shores  III   Tomah'S  ll.iy  and   the   adjaeenl    eoniitl.\   are  now   lliieUI\   sellled.  and  lu'li'ii    'In' 

llllllr  111    'Ills 
ed    a    lleel  of  .sin. ill  sehooiiels  and  ;i  -in, ill 


linildiii;,' of  the  narrow  L:aii::e   lailioad   from    ICii.sslan    l>'l\er  to  San    I''raiieisni,  ihe  t 
extensive  ai'neiilinr.il  and  sioek   lai.siiiii  re''iiin   ein|i|ii\ 


.steainer.  Now  the  |irodiii'e  mostly  linds  its  wa.\  to  San  Iraneiseo  li\  i.iil.  The  line  of  ilie  .Viii;li 
I'aeilie  Coast  Kailroad  skirts  the  eastern  .shore  of  the  bay,  and  ero.sses  the  n.oiilhs  of  iIh'  air".Mis 
and  esteros  on  tiestlewoi  ks. 

7V(/(.v  nt  'rniiiiili's  /.'((//.— ronipnle  Ihetimes  and  lieirjils  for  Sa.  1  l''iaiieiseo  for  the  ;;l\rM  li.iv.nr 
take  them  I  loin  the  pnlilishi  d  tide  tables  lor  the  I'aeilie  Coast,  and  then  i'uf  the  lime  of  lii;;li  w  il.  r 
at  Toniales  li.iy  subtract  el;:ht  niiniiles,  anit  for  the  lime  of  low  water  add  nineteen  miiiiil>s:  lui- 
till'  liei.u:lil  of  (he  tide  at  lii;:li  water,  and  alxi  a'  low   water,  .siilitiact  four  tenths  ol'  a  I'imiI. 

The  chart  ot  Tomales  l!.iy,  pnblislicd  li.\  the  I'.S. Coast  .Ser\  e\ ,  ;;i\  es  all  the  inforiii.iliiiii  I  II  II 
can  be  deslieil  for  eiiteiiii;^  t he  lia\.  and  its  relation  to  the  coast  is  well  exhibiled  on  ilic  ;;i'Mi  imI 
chart. 

In  I'S.'iL' the  ship  <'.(/()*•// inistiiok  the  entrance  to  this  small  ba.\  lor  that  of  .San  I'rancisi  .1.  .imI. 
after  fiettilifl  on  the  rocks  outside  of  Toniales  l;id;;e,  was  desel  ted,  lloated  oil',  dl  illed  ilil"  I 'i''  I'l.N 
over  the  bar  w  ith  llood  tide,  and,  all  sails  .set,  {.'loiinded  on  I  he  II  a  Is.  and  at  the  follow  in  u'  In.  h  \^  iiri' 
tloated  oil'  afiain  ;  but  no  one  beint;  ""  board  she  aj^ain  dri'ted  on  the  llat.s  and  lay  insiih'  m  ^  nul 
I'oint  for  some  years. 

In  l''ebniar\,  l.s.'iT,  wlille  we  were  on  Tomales  roint,  the  waters  of  the  ba,\  elian^cd  |o  .1  iii''|i 
biownishpiirpl.' color,  and  the  lisli  died  ill  , such  },'reat  iiiiinber.s  that  the  beaches  and  w.ii' 1  "'le 
covered  w  ith  them. 


I'Acirir  CHAM    r'li.oT  L'fil 

Tlii.s  lia.v  Nva.s  laid  <liiun  by  X'i/.i'aino  in  l*>i>-  as  lln-  llio  (iiamlr  ilc  San  St'lia>tian.  iMurn  tlic 
i'  lit  it  ix  fli'sir  tinit  In*  tliiaiKlit  tli*'  Imiatl  Nlrai;;lit  line  ol'  tin- liav  lutwrcn  lii;;li  banks  was  a 
-1.  ,il  liviT. 

Tilt'  lia.v  was  discovt'ii'il  liy  I'laiuiscn  ib-  la  I'xMlt'jja  y  <,»iiailia  on  tin-  ;iil  nT  (  (cImIiii,  177.">.  wlim 
Im   \\  as  looking;  for  lilt'  \'«i\  id' San  I'ranrisni,      Ilcsaxs  llial  Inwards  (he  simMira^t  part  nl  l!i>dt'(ra 

I  \  III'  disi'tiM'ii'd  tii<-  nil  in  til  nl'  a  lai;;)'  livt'l'  w  liirli  |nrsi'iilrd  tlii'  a|i|irarani'r  of  a  I'ainniis  liai  lioi'. 
II.    ai'tnalls  filtered   tlie   bay  beliexin;,'  it  In  be  San  l''ianei>rii,  and  wailed   ieeii;:iiiliiin  of  tlie  I'i'e- 

'I'liis  liay  was  knnwii  as  I'liil  .liian  I'laiii'lsni  bv  the  S|iaiiiaiils  when  Naiieinivei  \  isited  tlie 
,  u>i  ill  17!L'. 

Ill  old  Mexican  ;:i'aiits  it  is  called  Tainali's  and  scnnei  iiiies  'rciiii;i|i>t<.  'I'lie  old  ( 'aliliiniiaiiN 
II.  .iiiably  |ii'iiii<iiince  il  like  Ihe  I'nrniei.  'I'licie  is  im  dmibl  the  iijij  S|ianisii  name  l.tiiialcs  was 
.i|>l>lictl  til  tlie  bay,  because  the  'r.iinal  tribe  nf  Indians  inh.ibited  the  eiiiinti\  licnee  tn  San 
I'l.iiiciseii  l>ay. 

r.elcher  erroiiciiiislN  ilesi;;nates  il  as  a  part  "I    l'iuile;.'a   l!a.\. 

The  lliissians  lia\e  a  chart  nl'  the  eiiliance  and  name  it  the  llav  nt'  (iicit   riiide;:a. 

IMilliit  de  Mtifias  calls  il  the  Ilsteiii  A  iiiei'icann,  w  hich  i>amitliei  bi>d.\  nl  w  aler  eiiiptyin),Mnti> 
r.niieya  l!a>       lie  calls  I'liint  'rnmales  rmni  iJndei^a. 

the  liipii;;ra|ihy  III'  the  entrance  was  executed  b>  the  Cuast  Siii\ey  in  IS."i;;.  A  map  ut'  the 
uiiiile  bay  was  published  ill  ISitl  and  in  ISC.'i,  with  editiiin>  cmbiacin^  all  aids  tn  iia\l;;atinii  In 
l,s;s.     The  general  chart  ciiibiacin^'  it  was  published  in  IsVi. 

llDDKil.V   iir.Aii. 

I'll  IS  point  lies  imrtli  t  weiity  t  wn  det;iees  west  (  N  N  \V.)  ei;;  lit  ecu  and  niietliiiil  miles  I  mm  I'niiit 
Wi-MS  l.i;;lit'linu>e,  and  t'nl'llis  the  nnrlheni  pnint  of  rinile;:,i  Cas,  I'ccknliili;;  'rnmales  I'niiit  the 
siiiilliern.  The  treeless  head  istwn  hiindled  and  InrtN  I'eet  hiiili.  W  nil  steep,  ineks  clills  nil  I  he 
MMith  and  west  sides  and  a  sli;;lill\  rnumlin.L:  ;:i'assy  summit.  'I'lie  land  cnntiniies  nt'  nearly  the 
>.iiiii'  liei};lit  t'nroiieand  three  ipiaiteis  miles  linrlhwesl.  \t  hen  it  chan^^cs  tn  a  brnail  sand  beach 
with  lin\  cniinlry  adiaeent,  but  lii}:li  hills  in  the  baiki^miiml  Inwards  the  norlli.  This  |nw  land 
iiimii:  the  shnie  isa  seiies  nf  sand  diilies  one  hundred  and  |uciil.\  tect  liiuli.  and  is  cut  in  ridges 
{1  iimMi'I  In  the  diieclinii  nt'  I  he  siiinmer  w  inds.  'I'hi  lace  nl  l  he  miini  ly  t  hence  be;: ins  tn  chaii^^e 
limn  Its  iinil'ni  inly  treeless  appearance  In  lulls  that   are  |iailiall,\  cnveicil  with  pine  I  rei  s. 

I  >n  accniint  of  tlie  larj^'c  Ia;;iinii  l\iiiu  inside  l!nde;;a  llcail.and  llie  n.iiiow  and  cnmparatiM'ly 
iii\v  neck  nnlthwaid  n|'  it  I'nr  twn  miles,  the  held  .snmetimes  Inniirs  lip  laiuely  w  licli  llie  hi.Llhel  land 
iii>ide  is  partially  nb.sciiri'd  with  lia/e.  Il  has  been  riei|Uenil\  liilcl  nut  as  a  w  ai  inn;.' iini  to 
mistake  liode^a  Head  tor  rniiit  Ilexes,  but  Iheie  exist  s  no  reason. i  ble  ;:iciiiiid  Inr  raisiiiu  .1  ipiestion 
nil  this  siibjeet,  alllioM;,'li  na\i;,Mtnis  wlinhave  lost  or  jcnpai di/itl  \essels  oiler  as  an  excuse  the 
:ii,ii  similaritx  of  the  coast  and  headlands  In  those  near  llic  (mlden  <!ate.  We  have  nt  ^er  been 
iiMc  to  detect  it.  The  lii;:liest  point  of  the  head  is  lliree  hiimlieil  feet  I.  c  than  roini  K'eyes, 
.iiiil  IS  coiiip :irativel,\  Mat,  whereas  the  latter  is  a  serrated  ridire  three  miles  Ion;;.  Morenxcr,  there 
IS  11(1  Ii;:lit  or  l'o;rv.hislle  at   liode^a  Head. 

( Nie  third  of  a  mile  southeast  from  the  southeast  face  ol  the  head  lies  a  small  iock\  islet 
i.llliil  rinde;;a  Knek,  for  I  he  dcscript  inn  nt'  which  see  under  the  lie, id  of  I'.ndeya  lla.x  .  The  line 
111  lliis  rnck  and  the  head,  as  well  as  the  line  n(  sluialcr  water  mi  rioileL:a  llav .  cieail\  imlicale  tiiat 

II  is  .1  piiilnii;,'ation  ot    the  ;:ieat  lid;;e  lunnili;,'  llnm  llallcii.is  r.a\   lo  Tom. lies  I'oiiil. 

I'lie  line  nf  ten  fathoms  is  only  abont  hall  a  mile  oil  I  he  south  west  think  of  linileua  I  lead,  and 
I  111  ;liirl>  fathom  liiu'  only  about  one  and  a  halt  miles  liorii  the  shore.  The  me  the  depth  increases 
till  l.ilhoiiis  for  each  three  miles  lo  a  depth  of  se\eiit\  f  illioms.  Inside  Ihe  line  of  thirty  fat  hums 
iln  lead  shows  hard  sand  and  rocky  botlnm.  Outside  that  limit  we  find  the  snit  ;;reen  mud  with 
ijiiiie  ic;,'iilar  bottom  hence  to  the  latilude  nf  I'nint  Weyes. 

The  ;;en;;ra|iliical  position  of  the  I'.  S.  Coast  Survey  .-tation  on  the  lii;;liest  part  of  the  head, 
li.ili  .1  mile  from  the  .soiitlieriiino.st  blulV,  is; 

I.iUinictc ;;-      i-     ■:«      iimili. 

LiiMiriiiiili- 1'.':i      o;t      i;i      wcHt. 

Ill,  in  tiiiir sii      |\>"i    I.V.Il 

I  lie  iiiji;,'netie  variation  was  lOo  otc  east  in  1S,«<,"»,  with  a  present  annual  ineroa.so  of  lialf  :i 
lliitiale  of  arc. 


liil 


■i 


I '      r 


-! 


I 


',     If 


M  '■;  • 


1>,,2  I'Aciric  lOAM   I'li.iir. 

Tin'  lK>aiinj.'H  iiml  tlistaiii't'i*  to  luiimiiifiit  olijcffs  an'  as  (hIIown  : 

I'ciiiil  Ai.iia  I.ikIiI  hiiiiMii N.  •'-  \V.  M  iiiili'H. 

I'.iii  Unw.  I'oiht N  ■'•  \^'  ''''i  '"'l'"' 

TiHii.il.H  Point >*■  ■<•'  !■•  h  iiiil"<. 

IN. ill!    KfV.H  l.itrlilliiniiM' H,  •,^'  i;  l-t  inlli". 

SiMillii:i.|    l'«iall"ti  l.l>;lit  I sr    S.  I'.i  Iv  lltlj  iiiiI.-h. 

Olt  r>iM|(';:a  llcail  a  vessel  slioiiltl  lie  a!ile  to  see  the  IIkIiI  on  I'oint  Ke.ves  in  t'avoralile  wealiii  i 
|{oile;.M   \  <,)iiatli'a  ealleil  lliis  lieail  tlie  I'linta  del  CukIiiii  i  ITT.'m. 

The  liii-siaiis  ealleil  this  head  the  tattle  Cape  rxHle^'a,  aiiti  also  Cape  liiiiniaiistot',  ati*!  pl.u  >. 
it  ill  latiliiile  :;->     17. s,  loii;;iiiiile  IJ'J    .V.t'.tt. 
Thi>  iiiiliaii  name  ««s  I'm  Tiii.va. 

BODEOA   HAY 

frniii  'I'oniales  Point  to  rioile;;a  lleati   the  lieailli;;  is  iiollli  lil'lv  live  tle-ilees  west  (N.  .Vi     \\ 
anil  the  tlislaiiee  lour  iiiiil  two'thinls  iiiiles.     The  aMia;:)'  w  nllli  ol    llie   lai;:i'   inilenlalion    m    \:  , 

ma  ill  eoa>l  line  to  tiie  east  want  of  the  al>o\c  line  is  mi  l,\  one  a  in  I  two  I  hi  til  >  miles,  with  the  -I 

riinniii;;  a  tieailv  parallel  eoiiise.  This  is  the  l!a,\  ol'  lloili';:,!,  with  the  loii;^,  >iiai;:lil,  ami  ii.im'  ^ 
Toiiiales  i'>.i,\  eiiteiiii;;  il  at  llie  mhiIIi  ami  the  la;:ooii  of  l!oile;:a  I'litl  loiinerleil  with  il  .it  i!p 
tioi'th  liehiliil  r>iH|e};a  lleail.  The  siiore  ol'  the  lia.N  is  lioliletril  l>\  nniliel'oiis  ti>rk.>  lii>ii|i'  i; 
tliiee  I'.illioiii  line,  ami  is  lii^'h,  alinipt,  ami  loeKs.  \\  ilhin  less  llian  a  mile  itilaml  it  ii  mi  Ik  -  . 
Iiel;:lil  III  liM'  hiimlieil  anil  niiirlN  I'oni  leet.  'I'he  laml  is  enit  i\  ateii  ami  1 1  eeless.  The  slmif  . 
imlellleil  li>  seNeial  small  ;;nlrhes  ami  the  opeliin;:s  lit  two  l.ir;;e  i>teros.  On  |hi>  shmi'  ll. 
western  swell  rolls  in  eon.>tanll\,  ami  I'leiinentlv  the  llionllis  ol  the  esleios  aie  eloseil  li\  the  sih' 
ami  ;;i'avel  east  up.  On  the  Itnssiaii  ehatts  the.v  are  lioth  inaikeil  elo.seil  :  on  the  Ciia>t  .Siiivi  ^ 
eliart  the\  ate  liolli  ojieii. 

These  I  wo  est  el  OS  open  ilirei'll\  on  the  lia,\ .  eotnili^  riniii  the  interior  liel  Ween  lii;;li,  >Ii'i'|>.  .1 
eonliaileil   lialil^s.     The  noithein  one  is  tli.'  /-.'.s/c/k  i/W  Aim  t  icdiin,'  sitilaleil   two  ami  a  li.ill   m 
north    se\elil\   six    ileyrees    east    (N.  Ill      II.)    Iiolli    the    sollthil  niiiosi     laee    of    I'.oile^a    lleail:    11m 
sollllu'in    one    is   (he    I'.sliin  ilr  A'lni  .1  m^'M/h.  I'olir  miles  miiiiIi  ei;;ht  v  ile;;iees  ea>l    (S.     n     |'.)|iiiil 

the  same  point.     Tlie  I'oi  iner  is  the  lionnilai',\  line  (near  the  eoiist)   lielweeii    .Marin   ami   Sm 

Coniilies.     In  the  latter  the  liile  water  reaehes  o\ei   lil'teen  miles  inlaml,  lint  it  is  not  imom'  Hi  I'l 
stone's  throw  aeross.     'J'lie  names  are  iiileii'lian;:eil  on   the  e^filier  eilitiotis  ol    the  Coast    ,>^iim. 
eh. Ills.     The  roriner  has  a  saml  spil  slielehin;;  neat  l,\  aeross  t  he  month   liom   the  iiorlli    shIi.   ■     I 
the  latter  has  a  liioail  sand  point   niakiii;;  out    t'rom  the  inner  south  poiiil   liallwaN   aeioss  ih. 
inoiitli. 

One  ipiarler  of  a  mile  olV  llie  shore  jiisl  south  of  the  lisiero  .\inerieano  lie  Iwoioikson  il'  ^i 
(iveratlioiii  line;  and  one  ipiarlerof  a  mile  oH  t  he  shore  jiist  noi  Ih  of  the  ,Ksteio  de  San  .\iit(iiii.i  1; 
lies  a  rock  on  the  f'oni  lalhoin  line. 

The  t;eneral  depth  of  the  walei  in  the  lia.v  is  eij^lil  to  t»'ii  tathoiiis  over  a  liollom  of  hard  s.iimI. 
with  a  depth  of  li\e  la  I  hums  not  oxer  half  a  mile  IVom  the  el  ills,  lint  on  the  line  I  let  ween  Tmiiii.  ^ 
Toinl  and  lloile;;a  Head  the  .soiiiiilin^s  are  irre;.'nlar,  Iroin  live  and  a  hall'  to  Ihirleen  lathoins  <■■■  t 
roek,\  liottoiii:  inside  ol'  this  line  the  depths  are  nnH'orinl.v  ten  ;ii,d  eleven  I'alhoms.  with  loiii  r  .1 
live  l;itlioms  elose  in  .shole;  one  mile  onlside  of  this  eelilei  line  the  Iwetitv  falhoiii  iiiim  i  ■ 
nearly  parallel  with  it,  and  iheiu'e  tlie  depths  iiieiea.se  .seaward,  as  already  meiiliomd  in  :: 
deseription  of  l!iiile;,M  Head. 

The  amhor,i;;e  nf  |;ode;;a   iJay   is  proleeteil  on  the  north,  west,  and  ea.st,  and  is  open  i..  i 
soillli  sonlheast.     The  solll liwest  iind  west  swell  is  parllv    lirokeii   liy   the  low,   loeky   islet,  r.ii;.  1      x 
lUtiliiiii  L'liiLt  whiih  lies  on  the  piiiloii;;atioii  of  the  ileail  nearly  one  third  of  a  mile  e.isl  souiIum  •      ^ 
(I'.Si;.)    Innii    the  middle  of  the  .southeast   laee  of   r.ode^a    Iliad,  and   is  the  olil\  ildiKjir  111   ■'. 
a|ipioaelies.    This  loeky  patch  is  mueli  broken  npaiid  lis  lii;;liesl  pait,  nearer  the  Head,  ii.sesi.i,' 

a  few  feet  aliove  the  water;  its  ;ireate,st  extent  is  one  sixth  ol  n  mile  tliwest  and  soiillieasl.  .I'.'l 

half  that  in  width,     rioin  the  main  part  of  this  rock,  liroken  uronnd  with  nine  fi-et  of  water  n| 1 

extends  one  third  of  a  mile  to  the  southeast  with  a  sudden  dioppiiif,'  into  three  and  live  latin. i;' 
and  one  patch  of  el;;liteen  feet  lies  the  same  distance  from  the  rock  to  the  sontli  liy  east  hill  ■ 
(S.  Iiy  K.  \  K.),  with  live  and  six  filhoms  close  to  it,  and   three  and  oneipiarter  inside  of  il.      i 
reef  is  deii.sely  coveriil  with  kelp,  and  the  liieakers  nsnally  indicate  its  position. 

■Till'  A\;ilrli;i  l.'ivricni  llir  l.'ii.s.siiiii  i  harts:  lli(.  K'in  San  Ijjnarlo  nf  Ut;  .MufruM. 
I  'I'lii'  Imlian  naiiic  i«<)inniiya-|);i-i  nii  tin'  l(iis.sian  rliarLs. 


II. 


cl 


v.; 
Ilii' 
lilr 
ciu 

II. r 

'.H  a 
■  i> 
IIm 
iimI 


ill  ^ 


iinl 

lll> 
III.' 


II  .1 


\^'    '^ 


iijd 


!,  H      IV.' 


^!'    ht:| 


IIm' 


a-! 


1-1 


.m.SJkJi 


Hmlfga  Buy. 


Sonoma  Mountain. 
3ii  miles,  2,192  feet. 


Bodega  Heail.  '240  feet.  N'.'JiV    K..  10  miles. 

Mount  Helena,  4,M3  feet,  41.  mi  lea 


*•■■►...: 


"~^t.f^' 


'srfl 


>'"■ 


ti.)^!Aw  CT^-safc. 


--'^-4t*— aaa^f^  fc**^**^^^-— s 


Walalla  Nfountain.  :i.yi:  rct»r. 


Moiitli  of  Walalla  Kivor,  NK..  5  uiUgh. 


i 


If 


f  IS^ 


pi 


;l 


i 


%t 


u 

f 


m 


h    ( 


2  mm.i)     t 


'Liii'l 


'(3 'I 


!  ii  WP- « 


,  «• 


^ii 


rACIh'lf    COAST    I'll.OT.  2h'.\ 

r.i'twccii  I!()(l»';:ii  I'dck  and  the  IIcihI  tluTo  is  a  narniw  four  anil  a  lialf  fatlioMi  ]»a.s.saj,'('  (orn- 
,i_hlli  ol'a  mile  wiilf  iM-lwccn  llic  llircc  tatlioni  rurvi-s)  opcniiif,' dircctlv  iipon  IIh-  anclmia;,'!'.  In 
ciuiiin;;'  t'lom  tin-  nortliwcsl  in  suuiiihm'  lliis  cliaiint'l  is  axailahic;  i>nl  in  licatinji  out  il  is  tuo  con 
II  hicil  to  lie  safe.  Wiicn  tiircclly  bftwccn  tlir  Ilea.',  and  liii'  Hock  keep  ilostT  to  tiic  Head  lliaii 
l<i  ihc  l.'ock. 

Tin'  aM('liora};("  lies  between  tlie  llei.d  and  tlie  nioiitli  oftiu'  lOsteio  del  Ainetieano,  wliieli  lies 
lun  iiiiiesexaetlv  east  IVoni  r.oile;;a  lioek.  The  liest  position  I'or  aiielioia;,'e  is  in  lour  lallioins  of 
u  i;(  !•  with  I  lie  sonllieast  rae«^  of  I'.ode;;a  Head  beariii};  southwest  (SW.),  the  point  of  (lie  la^foon 
v|,  I  lieaiin^- west  liy  north  (W.  I'.v  N.)  am!  the  r.odej;a  Koek  iieaiin;;  south  Iialf  west  (S.  A  \V.).  In 
ill  >  |io>iiii.ii  the  neatest  jiait  of  tlie  Mead  and  the  beach  to  the.  inirtliwaid  aic  eipiidistant,  si\- 
liiitlH  ct'  a  mile  tVoin  the  anehoiajie.  'I'lie  bottom  is  liaid  and  composed  of  coarse  sand  and  patches 
I'l'rliy,  Small  vessels  may  anchor  in  tiirce  fathoms  halfway  between  the  above  position  and  the 
lui  It  the  month  of  the  la;;oon,  brin;;iii;;  the  southeast  face  of  the  lltad  to  beai'  >oiilliwest  three- 
i|ii  iiicis  south  (SW.  'i'  S.)  ami  the  nearest  part  of  the  blulf  oidy  oneipiaitei'  of  a  niile  distant. 

Unrinj;  the  heavy  northwest  weather  in  summer  we  have  counted  sixteen  vessels  anchored  in 
llii>  li:i\  at  oiM' tinu',  ami  as  many  as  thirty  to  Ibity  sidiooners  ami  several  steamers  have  been 
i.  ii  M  111!  u  imlliound  tlieie  in  one  blow.  When  coniiii;;  in  to  the  southwaid  of  the  I'.ode;;:!  Hock 
III    i.iiitiil  not  to  brin;;  the  mouth  of  the  l^stero  .\mericaiMi  to   bear   atiVihini;   to   the  eastwaid  of 

iiniiliiast  by  east  half  east  (Nlv  by    !•',.  \  I).)  and  run  lh.it  course  until  tlie  eastern  f.i f  I'.odciiit, 

III. Ill  licais  northwest  by  west  one  ipiartcr  west  (NW.  by  W.  [  W .)  ;  this  w  ill  clear  the  tail  of 
Ilic  iii-l' about  (Uie  ej;;htli  ol'a  mile  in  six  fathonis  of  water,  'riieiice  the  coiirsi'  to  the  anclioiate 
is  iiiTlliwest  by  north  half  north  (NW.  by  N.  .\  N  )  and  the  dislaiu'c  three  (|iiarleis  of  a  mile; 
lull  --ailiiifj  vessels  will  have  to  make  a  couple  of  tacks  to  reach  it. 

Uiirin^  the  winter  season  it  is  necessary  io  anchor  well  out  to  be  reads  to  slip  and  run,  as  the 
SIM  mum  is  veiy  ccuitractcd  and  the  s(Uithwcst  swell  heavy.  Some  \es,sels  have  liiblen  out  lic,i\y 
.-iiMllie.isters,  but  several  have  been  lost.  The  l.'us.sian  vessels,  beiii;;  yeneraliy  well  toiind  in 
^'iiMiml  lacMe,  could  ride  <Mit  a  ;:ale.  In  beatin;;out,  the  only  know  n  danger  is  the  r>ode;;a  Hock 
ami  iccf  alreadv  described. 

l"o;;s  are  considered  mine  freipicnt  in  rio(le;;a  Hay  than  under  I'ojiit  Heyes,  as  the  low  land 
iiIIhws  the  wind  to  draw  very  stron;;ly  over  the  coast  line. 

Hiiilii/ii  I'lift. — One  mile  west  of  the  Hstero  iVmeiicaiioa  low ,  narrow  sand  spit,  one  and  ii  half 
null  s  loni;  ami  covered  with  bushes  behind  lii;;livvaler  line,  stretches  towards  |!ode;;a  lleailand 
itMiliis  w  it  hill  oiie  hundred  yards  of  il,  w  hen'  a  passa;;e  exists  lor  the  ebb  and  tlow  of  the  waters 
n|  ihi' i'\tensi\  (■  lagoon  north  ot' the  sand  sjiit.  This  la;;o<ui  has  narrow  and  intricate  channels, 
lull  Is  almost  destitute  of  water  at  low  tides.  .V  depth  of  cij^lit  feel  call  be  carried  into  this  lapioii 
ini  I  the  bar  at  low  water.  The  channel  iiicre.ises  a  lew  feet  in  depth  for  one  mile  inside,  and  runs 
liiivr  under  t  lie  western  shore  of  the  lajjooii.  The  depth  ot'  w  aler  on  t  he  bar  is  siibiect  to  clian^fs 
!!:■  I  heavy  southeast  weather.  The  small  v  illa.uc  of  l'iodej;a  I'oit  is  siiuali'd  near  the  extreme 
1.1-;' III  |iait  of  I  he  la^ooii,  where  small  coasters  can  reach  at  lii;;li  water.  Het'ore  the  building;  of 
;ii'    lailiuad  through  this  section  of  the  country  a  very  larue  coasting  tratlic  was  done  from  this 

I'l. • 

I'lie  si'coiidary  astronomical  station  of  the  Coast  and  Cicodetic  Survey  was  u])on  the  western 
lAiiciiiit.v  of  the  sand-spit  incloslii^  the  laj^oon  :   its  ^jeogiaphical  positimi  is: 

l..ililiiilc ;(-     1-   -,'11  .1;  iiiirili. 

l.olinillhin f,':i     IM     I'.l         Urst. 

<  ir,  Ml  liiiii- -Il  ]o.h  11-.  1; 

lliis  sand  point  was  called  the  I'nnta  de  las  .\ieiias  hy  liode^a  y  <,>iiadia  in  ITT.">.  lie  ]>laceil 
:  HI  i.ililndc  .is  !>'  and  anchoicd  oil'  it  in  six  fathoms  over  iiiiiddv  bottom,  lie  eiileied  this  inner 
'||>  or  poll,  which  he  savs  resembles  a  dock. 

1  he  ell. lit  III  I'.ode^a  Hav  published  In  IStil  exhibits  the  character  ot'  the  iiav  ami  shores;  and 
'~  !'  lalioii  to  the  coast  is  seen  in  the  new  is.siie  ot  the  ueneral  chart. 

Iliiliilisiit  llii(liii<i  Hii;/. — The  Corrected  Hsiablishmeiit.  or  ineaii  intnval  bet  ween  the  time  of 
tlir  iHouii'siiaiisit  and  the  time  ot  lii-li  water,  is  \  I''  1!)'".  Theavera>;i'  dillerence  between  the  est  ab- 
ii-l.Miiit  and  the  intervals  of  the  a.  in.  and  p.  in.  tides  of  the  .same  day  is  P'  oli'"  for  hi;;li  water  ami 
"  I'l  tor  low  wall  I.  When  the  moon's  declination  i.s  ^reati'st  these  (pianlilies  become  L"'  .{(>'"  t'or 
lii-'.  nalei  and  (I''  I.s  ■  I'm'  low  water.  The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  is  llirei'  and  .seven  tenths 
lici.of  .spring  lilies  four  and  four  teiitli.s  leet,aiid  of  neap  tides  two  and  eight  leutlis  feet.     The 


'^' 


H 


'  lii' 


SJM 


254 


I'ACIKK'    COAsr    I'll.OT. 


f, 


iivcrii;;^  ditViTt'iKM'  in  ln'ij;lit  (iftlic  :i.  iii.  iiml  |i.  in.  tiilfs  <>l  lln'  s:inii'  il;i.\  is  oiu*  iinil  one  tciilli  I'c .  i 
for  liiuli  walt'is  imd  two  iind  one  liall"  I'l'ft  Inr  low  walcis.  \\  licii  tlic  innon'sdcclinalinn  is^q■(•al(^l 
tlit'sc  niiinlit'is  liccoinc  (ini>  anil  oni' iialf  feci  fur  lii,L;li  walcis  ami  llirci' ami  ninctt 'itlis  tfci  ici 

low  wati'is.    Till'  av»'i'a};i<  (lin'»Mrm't>  In  hc'jilit  (il'tln'  iii;:ln'r  liifili  ami  lower  low  tidt's  ol"  fin-  n^i 

(la\  is  livi'  ami  onc-lialt'  H'ct.  ami  wlicn  tin'  moon's  (Iccluialion  is  ijrcatcsl  si\  ami  I'onr  trnllis  <cri. 
Till'  mean  dnration  ol'tlic  i  isi'  ot'tlic  tide,  rci  Uonin;;  lioin  llio  middle  of  one  stand  to  the  middle  ni 
the  next,  is  (!''  IS'"  and  the  mean  dnration  oltlie  fall  is  ti''  nT"'. 

Tlie  Inuliest  liijili  tide  in  the  t  wi'iity  I'oiir  Imhiis  occiiis  al>oiit  1(1'' liT'"  alter  the  moon's  tiahMi . 
when  the  moon's  deelinatiini  is  noi  tli,  and  ahont  two  lioiirs  lieloie  the  transit  when  the  ileeli  nation  i- 
sontli.     The  lowest  of  the  low  waters  occnrs  alioni   se\in  lionrs  after  the  hi;;hest  hi^;h  water. 

To  tind  the  times  and  he'.'litsof  the  hi^;h  and  low  waters  for  anv  recinireil  dale,  first  obtain  (In 
saints  for  the  preilieli'd  tides  of  San  Fraiieisco.  and  tinii  MilMiacI  d'  iS'  tor  lii;;li  water  at  liodeu.i. 
and  snblraci  (•''  L".'  "  for  low  water.     The  hei;.;lits  are  the  sanie  as  tor  San  I'laiielseo. 

Till'  lliiih(jii  W'hiil  ijiiit. — On  account  ol'llie  <;eiicial  de|iie>sion  of  the  hills  liehiml  l!odei;a  l'.,i\ 
and  to  the  noithwanl  some  distance,  as  well  as  o\  erTomalcs  Point  and  tlirmi):h  Tomales  l!a\.llic 
Slimmer  winds  Iroiii  the  west  northwest  draw  ii  lowaids  the  I'etaliinia  Vallevwith  ;;reat  force. 
The  trunks  ol' the  oak  trees  rise  stiaiiilit  foraliont  ten  lieLtheii  liemi  almost  at  riyht  ani;leswiili 
(lilt  a  branch  tor  about  ten  or  tifteeii  feet  laillier  :  and  each  terminates  in  a  ilnnip  of  branches  all 
tlra;;;;ed  out  b\  the  almost  constant  action  of  the  wiml.  l'oi;s  are  found  drawing'  in  sooner  and 
more  l'iei|Mentl.v  than  ii|Mni  any  other  ]iart  of  the  coast. 

The  conntrv  in  the  vieinitv  was  birineilv  \erv  ]n(>dncti\t'  both  in  the  valleys  and  upon  ijii' 
lulls,  which  aveia^e  about  si\  hundred  leel  in  eh'\ation.  Ibit  the  soil  has  been  oveieroppcd,  ainl 
the  Kl'''i'ler  jiart  is  now  used  I'm  pastm  auc  .\  tine  trad  of  a;:i  iciiltnral  connlvv  strelehes  bdiliiil 
the  coast  hilN.  eNli'iiiliii;;   from    I'elalnma  Creek  up  tliroii';h  the  l,'ns.-.ian  b'iver  Valh'.v. 

In  the  po^iiioiiof  liodeira  It.iy,  \'i/,caiiii»'s  chart  has  a  t;icat  ri\ei  named  the  IJio  ( Jramie  dc 
San  Sebastian,  but  il  ret'ers  to  Tomal- >  l!a.\. 

r>ode;;a  Ihiy  was  di.scovered  by  l>odei;a  in  ITT'i.  and  jilaied  in  latitude  .'is  '  IS'  north.  It  «,!•■ 
partially  examinecl  by  Mr.  I'n;,'et  under  Naiicoinfi's  direction  in  IT'.i-. 

In  IS17  Kot/ebiie  always  refers  toil  as  INnt  l.'nmiantsotV,  and  on  reetMil  Knssian  charts  ii  k 
called  tlic  I'la.N  tif  Coiint  Itiiinianstof.  Kot/dme  eleailv  indicates  that  the  Itiissians  iniemlcd  I  . 
obtain  |io>session  of  this  coiintrv ,  and  we  li.ive  been  a>siiied  by  eminent  Ifiissian  antlnn  :t\  lli:i; 
this  was  the  jiolicN  of  the  li'nssian  };o\i  mors  of  Alaska  np  to  'he  advent  of  the  .Vini'l'icans. 

In  ISIJ.  bv  permission  of  the  Spanish  ^;o\(rnor  ol' < 'alifoinia.  r.ode;;a  I'.ay  was  occnpiid  \\ 
the  Itnssian  .Vmerican  ("oni|iany.  w  lio  alieiwards  refused  to  i:i\eir  np,  and  retained  posMssmn 
until  ISII,  They  <Mectcd  two  lar^e  Wooden  houses  iiiider  the  eastern  bli'.tl,  inside  the  entrance  In 
the  la;;oon;  lint  these  bniidiiifis  were  in  iniiis  at  the  time  of  our  \isit  in  is.'^t.  The  ii'nssian  unil, 
of  Tebenkolf  |1S|S)  says: 

'I'lii'  li.'ix  111'  lliiilr;;ii  icirwiiich  tlio  Iinliaii  tmiiii'  is  Tnli.'it:iOiV(i)  w.is  tliiirMii^jlily  snrvryoil  iiiiil  dcsiTilicil  ill  l-l:'  I  > 
Capliiiii  lt!i;.;riiiiMsti'r.  ll  is  siiiiili.'ir  tn  I  In'  inirt  iif  'I'l  iiiiil:icl  in  ln-iii;;  rnnMiiiinl  i.iil.v  elm  iMi;  llii'  Miiiiiiirr.  »  li.  m  il'- 
Iinrtliwi'^l  wiiiils  Mow  .'ildii;;  till'  cM^t ;  .'il  :iii\  oilirr  si'a.sun  il  is  ilaiiKi'i'iii'..  r..ilh  lis  inili'iitaliniis  «  illiiii  ilu-  11..11!. 
Hi'Hl  anil  sniitlii'iisl  liiaill.inils  1  lai;iiiiii  1  r,iiili-i;.a  I'l.n  anil  TiiMnili's  liav  i  an-  sli.illniv  ami  riinlrartiil,  ami  lln  ii'li'li- 
il  I- nil  I'^-ai  \  111  iiiirlini  ill  ilii' ip|M'ii   i.i.iilsii  Mil. 

Ill  is;t!l,  under  I'lelcher's  orders,  Kelletl  coinnielictid  the  survey  of  l!odei;a  May  ill  the  .scliiiiilii  1 
Starlinij,  and  was  soon  alter  Joined  by  the  Siiljiliiir. 


H   ;!(iil'5ii  • ! 


I-'i;nM    lailiDliA    Ill'.M)    N(i|;i  IIW  AUD. 

The  coast  line  betwei'ii    l'.ode;.M  Head  and  the   nnilhuest  cape  at  I'ort    K'os.s  curves  sbtrhliv  in 

tl aslwaid  of  the  Inn-  joiiijn;,'  the  two  places.     Sand  dunes.  1  each  in-'  one  li  11  ml  red  to  one  Inn; 

drcd  and  forty  feet  in  hciuhi,  be;;iii  one  and  a  half  miles  finm  the  sonlhern  point  of  I'.odejja  lb  1  I 
and  cMend  two  miles  to  the  iiolthwaid  to  the  month  of  a  small  slreain  called  Siilini>n  ('nil..  I  In- 
stream  is  almal  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  u  ide  at  the  beach;  the  southern  point  is  lou  hmI 
samly  and  the  mnili  .side  is  rockv,  and  the  land  lie-iiis  to  use  rapidly,  ii'achin^  si\  or  seven  1.  n 
di-ed  feet  within  a  mile.  The  hif^h  lulls,  which  had  letri'aled  liehiiid  tlio  Lajioiui  of  liodciTM  ''"i'. 
now  come  close  to  the  coast  line,  and  at  a  mile  inland  reach  one  tlioii.sand  feet  «'levatioii.  Twn  :i:i'l 
thiee-ipiarters  miles  from  Salmon  Creek  there  is  a  very  small  Jiittin;,' clilV,  sixty  feel  hi;:li,  amiii 
which  is  a  danjieioiis,  rocky  cove,  known  as  l)ini<ini'.s  l.iiinliiiif,  whvvf  fiirinerly  a  eonsiilei.i''ii' 
trallic  was  (lone  m  Inmlier,  etc..  w  hich  w  as  hron-hl    b\  rail   fioiii   Duncan's  .Mills  on  the  lin-- i.i'i 


I'Af'llIC    COAST    PILOT. 


'inf) 


!!iv.rnn<l  loiidcil  licro  on  small  coasliii},'  vt-sscls.     Two  heavy  imo.vs  wi-ic  laid  for  vessels  to  haul 
The  liiule  is  now  done  hv  the  railroad.     The  eoastline  Iroiii  Salmon  Creek  coiiNlsts  of 


dill    ID. 


litis,  ItKikeii  l>.v  tiulches  and  lioideied  by  inniimeraltle  rocks,  none  oC  wliit'li,  however,  extend 


liiyli 


ri  line  quarter  of  a  mile  from  sliore. 
i;iissinn  liirrr. — From   Duiiean's  Landiii^f  tiie  eoa.stline  continues  in  a  nearly  strai;;hl  line  of 
hroken  elitVs,  cut   l»y  ;;ulehes  from  the  hills,  for  three  and   twolhiiils  miles  to  the  moiilh  of 
,ui  Wixer.  which  lies  nine  and  a   half  miles   north    forty  one  de;:rees  west  (N,  1!^  W.)  Irom 


Head.     The  shore  is 


hoidered   l>v  rocks  from  twenty  to  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  hiuh. 


Oiii'  iind   one  <|iiarter   miles  sou 


llieast    from  the  river  is  a  rock  one  handled  vards  in  extent,  one 


liiiiiilii'd  and  sex  en  feet  lii^;h.  and  about  oneqnaiter  of  a  mile  otV  shore.  It  was  known  by  llie 
i;ii>Ninns  as  (hill  Uiiik.  Hall  a  mile  niuthwest  of  this  lies  another  rock  nearly  t\\i<'e  as  larj^c.  but 
niih  I'iylity  live  feel  liiuli.  Ilal  topiied,  and  four  hundred  yaids  oil'  shore.  This  mck  is  iitrforatcd, 
.inij  i--  till'  lar;;est  Anlml  inch  on  this  part  of  the  coast.  The  sharp  point  of  idck\  ditl'  between 
tlir-r  locks  is  the  (Vf/x  Slurinnshii  of  the  Kussiuii  charts.  In  thice  Inimlrcd  ,\iirds  this  poiiit  rises 
l();ilMrc  peaked  hill,  three  hundred  and  sexenty  three  leet  lii^li,  and  h;is  sli-litl,\  lower  land 
ImIiiimI  it  heiii'e  to  the  liver.  Three  (|uarteis  of  a  mile  westiiorthwest  of  it  is  a  bare  hill,  four 
liiiiiilicd  feet  lii;:li,  half  a  mile  inside  of  CIkiiiiiiI  /I'oc/,-.  which  lies  less  than  half  a  mile  south  of  the 
iiiciiilli  of  the  rixei',  and  is  a  bold.  Mat  lopped  islet,  one  liumlred  and  twenty  ci;;hl  leet  lii;;li,  and 
iwu  hniiilrcd  and  lifty  \aiils  in  extent,  which  is  coniie<-led  with  the  liliill  shore  h\  -.i  icef  of  rocks, 
ilie  mouth  of  llie  river  between  the  lii;;h  clilT  banks  is  about  half  a  mile  w  ide,  and  the  stream 
^  .iliill  and  lushinu  bod\  of  water  in  the  rainy  season.  Ibit  during'  the  siimmei'  months,  a  dry 
ii.ir  kI  --and  and  ;:'ravel  forms  completely  across  the  mouth,  so  that  land  travel  alon;;  the  coast 
ilii  II  |i;isses  o\er  it.      It  rctpiircs  the  hca\y  rains  ot"  the  fall  ami  winter  months  to  sweep  away  this 


)i;iiiMi.  uhich.  howe\er.  t'oinis  a;;ain  after  a  lew  w 


ceks  of  drv  weather.     The  ii\  er  lakes  it.- 


il  llii  Iliad  of  li'iissian  llivir  N'allcy.  east  wind  of  the  imiiieiliate  paiallel  coast  raui^es;  and  diiiiii;; 
iiir  Miiiiiiicr  the  bed  of  the  ri\  er  is  dry  above  llealdsliiii  u,  tliii  l.\  miles  Iroin  its  inoiiili.  and  can  be 
hiiiliil  al  several  places  in  that  distance.  l>efore  breaking  throuL^h  Ihe  coast  hills  it  comes 
ill  1 1  III  .ill  a  broad,  leriile  \  alley  ;  but  w  hen  near  the  coast  the  hills  rise  to  I  wo  thousand  feet,  and 
ilii' ihimiei  is  deep  and  roek.N .  The  valleys  of  the  ario,\os  and  streams  tiiliular.s  lo  the  .iissian 
1,'iMi  iirai-  the  coast  were  tilled  with  a  very  dense  },'ii)v\th  of  hciny  redwood,  which  has  been 
Xir.iil>  ileplcled  and  tiaiispoilcd  hence  by  rail  to  San  I'lancisco.  .\|  one  of  ihe  Coast  Survey 
iiniiiiilMin  stations  (Walalla)  over  forty  trees  were  cut  down  that  measured  from  live  and  a  half 
iiii  111  (liaineter  (Spruce)  lo  (  ij;hl  and  a  half  feel  (redwood). 

llie  i;eo;;rapliieal  jiosition  of  Channel  Itock,  markiiiu'  the  :maith  of  Uiissian  li'iver,  is: 


l.iiiiiiiili' 

l,oli;;i|lliU' 


;;-    'Ji.   Ill    iicitli 
I.':!    ii:    III    wi'st. 


And  rmiii  il  we  have  the  following'  bearinj;s  and  dislances  lo  proinineiit  jioinis: 


ll.i.lc-ii  Mill. I s. 


Point    IJi'M'.i  l,i;,'lil  liiiii.sii... 


r..ii  i{.i 


N.  Tl     W. 


St  iniliis. 


il.' 


I.'ii'-sian  li'ivci'  was  named  the  Slavianka  by  the  Kiissians.  and  contiiiued  so  on  their  charts  to 
hl^    iclieiikotl).      Diitloi  de  Motias  I  ISII  I  calls  il  the  San  Seimslian. 

L'tilis  l.didliiiii.—'l'Uis  landing  was  located  in  IS7T,  but  has  since  been  abandoned.  Il  lies  one 
iimi  ill. ilf  miles  norlhwesi  fiom  the  month  of  Itiissian  Itiver.  undei- a  hi^h  head,  two  hundred 
mill  i^Miilv  vaids  lonj,%  north  nuilhwest  and  soulli  southeast,  and  one  hiindietl  and  Ivveiitv  vards 
^■''li'.  A  .111  a  narrow  neck  eonnecliiio  the  nortlieart  side  with  the  main  bliilV.  w  liicli  is  one  hundred 
■iiiiiruiiv  feel  hioji.  A  small  cove,  one  hundred  and  lilly  by  one  hundred  and  thirlv  vards  in 
I'^l'ii!.  IS  thus  forimd.  which  has  a  <leplli  of  twelve  feet  of  water.  From  Ihe  south  end  ol  this 
'iii'l  "liieh  we  have  named  l.'ules  Mi'ad,  a  line  of  small,  low  rocks  stretches  south  nearly  live 
liiiiiilicil  vaiils.  liird  liock,  (ilt.v  live  feel  lii;;h  and  forlv  b,v  lifleen  yards  In  extent,  lies  nearly 
1«"  liiiiiilred  yards  west  of  the  tail  ol  this  line,  and  the  whole  of  them  serve  to  break  the  full 
i"ii'  ill   Ihe  northwest  swell   in  Ihe  cove.     Three  linndred    vaid.- 


■s  a  rock  h.ilfwav   lo  the  slmre,  and    bet 


east    of  the   outer   end    'if   tiicsi 
Ween    this  siiijile  rock  and  Ihe  line  of  rocks   is  tin 


^i|»|'i"i' li  to  the  landing.  .\  sunken  rock  with  lour  feet  of  water  upon  it  is  n-porlcd  close  in 
^il'iiii;  line  liiiiidred  and  lifty  yanis  soulheast  from  Ihe  lleail;  and  a  veiy  lieav.v  br.akeroiia 
wvni  loot  rock,  with  eleven  fiithoins  around   il,  lies  six  hundred  and  lifty  yards  south   by  east 


i*  ' 


> 


!'i|l 


i*-  Jt 


•J')ti 


rAciKic  coAsr  I'li.ur. 


(S.  It.v  K.)  Iroiii  tilt'  Ili'iitl.iiliout  wlifit'  llif  .soiiii(lmt;s  yivc  liiiir  ami  llircc  t|iijirt<'rs  I'lillioins.     'I'h 


!»'  and  oiit'  Imiidicil   yards   luirtli   forty-six   dc;;n't's  wt'st  (N.  Ui    W.)  I'roi 


II  I' 


daiifitT  is  nnu  iiiiU' 

largest  (lUttT  rock  <>)'  tlic  itTf  dIV  Kussiaii  Itivi-r. 

A  wire  caldc  was  strctclH'd  tor  oiii^  Imiidri'd  and  lil'ty  yards  tVoin  a  point  on  llic  main  tiliin  ;.. 
a  nick  closi'  niidcr  tlio  cxtri'Miity  of  tlic  licad.  and  Vfss(ds  loading'  wert'  inooicd  uiiilcr  it.  Tin 
nioorinjt  I'lioys  well'  jilaccd  outside,  so  tiiat  xtsscls  innld  warp  out.  Tlu'  cable  has  lieeii  lakin 
down  (ISSI)  and  tlie  business  carried  to  h'nssiaii  (inlcli  l.andiii;;. 

Tlie  cove  under   Itules  Head  was  known  to  the   lliissiaiis  as  the  "  hariior  sheltered  lor  l.;ii 
•  laikas.  /'.  ('..  for  the  skin  canoes  of  'lie  Ah  iitian  otter  liunters, 

U'lisnian  (hilch  I.iiniJiiiii. — Two  niile.s  lioin  ("haiinel  Ko<'k,  at  the  nioulli  of  I'lissian  Itixcr,  i 
very  deep  y:iilcli.  two  hundred  yards  wide,  opens  on  the  ocean  :  it  is  tlve  hundreil  feet  deep  \.  itii 


()iu>  mile  I 


nhmd.     The  only  saiul  beatdi  alonj;  this  stretch   iioilli  of  the   Kiissian   Kiver  is  at   tli 


opening:.     The  clitVs  on 


tiie  northwest   and  southeast   are  veiv  iiiuh  and  rocky.     l''rom  the 


IIOIIIl 

it'st  point  of  clitV  a  line  of  small  rocks  stretelies  out  six  hi.iidred  .\ards  to  the  south:  and  i>iV  ihc 
southeast  point  of  tiie  clilV  lies  another  but  sliortei'  line  in  tiie  dii'ection  towards  the  end  of  tiic 
western  line.  Kelp  lies  anion;;  and  between  the  rocks  and  neaii'r  the  shore.  The  passage  «;i\ 
between  the  two  lines  ot'  rocks  is  about  one  hiindied  yards  wide  with  three  and  a  half  fallioin-.  of 
water  in  it,  and  .>.e\t'ii  fathoms  near  the  outer  rocks.  It  is  throuuh  this  passajt*'  way  that  xcsmU 
must  ^o  to  tiie  landiii^i.  A  short.  M'Iv  steep  clinic  is  liuill  out  Iroin  the  southeast  poini  |o\\;ii,U 
the  northwest  point,  and  under  the  latter  lies  a  uioorin;;  buoy.  The  vessel  w  hen  loadiii;;'  is  iiinni.il 
in  eleven  feet  ot  water  under  tlu^  end  ol  the  chute.  .\  mooriiiii'biioy  is  laid  in  f'oui'  fathonis  mimIi'I' 
the  western  Kicks  in  tli(>  passa;;e.  and  another  between  the  outer  two  rocks  on  the  east  side  of  ilii> 
liassap'.     .\  sunkeii  rock  is  icjiorted  outside  tlie  visible  rocks. 

I 'dint  l.'cM's  lan  be  plainly  seen  I  rout  this  landiiiir:  and  l!odef,'a  Head  is  on  line  \\  itli  I  lie  |(m  k 


J{ussiaii  Itiver. 


KOUT    HdSS    ANClIOItAtii; 


l''ront  <'liannel  Kock.  oil'  the  soulh  point  of  itiissian  itiver,  to  the  point  called  Noilhwot 
('a]ie.*  forniinn  the  Western  pait  of  I'cul  Kos-;  .\ncliora;;c,  the  bcariiii;' is  north  .se\  eiity  dc^iec^s 
West  iN.  Til  \\.).  and  the  distance  >e\  en  miles.  The  diiccticui  of  the  slioie  is  neaily  strai;;lil.  vmMi 
lii;;li.  cia;:i;.\  clilVs  t'rom  one  hiiiiclrcd  to  one  hundred  and  eiL:lity  feet  above  the  sea,  bioKcu  U\ 
nuiiiei'iiu.' 
been  di'>ciibrd  under  Kules  liandin;;  and  Uiissiaii  Ciulch  l.andiii'O 


uulches  and  b(udered  by  rocks   ;;cncrally  ipiite  close  under  the  shore.     Part  of  ii  iia- 


Northuard  of  the  Kussian   Hi\er  the  hi;;h  coast  hills  auain  crowd  clo.se  upon  tl 


I  '  sea  liiiiird 


They  aie  covered  with  f(U'ests  of  redwood,  iiine,  and  lii'  tiecs,  which  ^fiadually  ccune  ilou  n  ciiw,  i 
to  tile  shore  as  we  ap]iroach  the  I'ort  I  toss  Anchoia;;e.  About  two  and  a  half  miles  east  son  I  lie, i>l 
troni  I'ort  IJoss  cove,  where  the  timber  be;;ins  to  skirt  the  coast,  a  bold  spur  of  the  iiioiiii;:iiiis 
conic-:  dircctl\  upon  the  sea  ;  w  iiliin  li'ss  t'  an  a  mile  therefrom  it  is  sixteen  hundred  and  iiiihIi  ,  n 
feet  ill  cle\atioii.  and  it  isei;;hl  hundred  feel  in  elevation  within  less  than  Ibiir  hundred  .\  ii(l>  ni 
the  slmie.  Tins  is  elsewhere  described  as  the  ('abo  de  i'lnos.  The  Russian  vessels  used  llii>  ^  ;i 
di.-liniti  ve  mark  for  niakiii;;  the  anchoraj^e  ;  the  priiseiit  coasters  add  to  this  other  but  slii;lihr 
local  features. 

The  I'"ort  lloss  .Viichora;;!'  is  a  small  co\  e.  broad  open  to  the  southwest  swell,  and  only  |iaiti,ill\ 
protected  from  ihe  north\\e>i  >well.  The  bliitV  shore  iiiaKes  a  sharp  eur\e  to  the  soiithu  ani  >  ,1 
wcstw.iril  for  Ol  e  i|iiarter  i'{'  a  mile,  and  this  alVoids  a  lee  in  the  north  west  summer  wiiid>.  I.i 
le  co\c  may  be  coiisiclenii  lo  reach  from  the  soiithein  extreniit,\  of  the  bliill  to  .1  pnini 
of  hliillei-hly  feet  lii;;li  three  ei;;htlis  of  a  mill'  east  b\  north  half  north  (l).  by  N.  .J  N.)  thcnli.iii;. 
The  three  lalhoiii  curve  kecjis  moder.llely  close  to  the  western  cliIVs,  bein;;'  only  abiUll  one  liiiiid;.  '[ 
vanlsoiit.  Twii  mooriii;;buo.\s  are  laid  in  the  i'o\  e  in  li\  e  and  a  half  and  ei;;lit  fathoms  ol  w.i.ii, 
"liilsi  a  third  and  outer  buoy  marks  the  xinihiii  rncL-.  bare  at  low  water,  three  hiindicd  yards  «i-i 
one  niiarter  mutli  i  \'..  \'S.i  from  the  sonihwest  point  ol  the  blull,  and  three  hundi'ed  and  ten  >ai.N 


•\lelil  of  ll 


sou;;,  seventy  decrees  east   (.S.  70^  jv)  trom  the  eml  of  tlii'  chute.     The 
■St..;,    fathonis  over  rocky   bottom   between   this  lock,  awash  at 


re  is  a  depth  of  si\ 


iw  water,  aii.l  the  chute,  .ii'l  1 
di ,  :'.'  ''f  ten  fathoms  i-  Ibnndjicst  oiitsi(:e  of  it,  but  .some  broken  ground  with  as  little  as  hmi:.'i 
feel  •!  later  lies  Mlmost  iiort ll  distant  seventy  live  yards  from  the  .same  rock,  and  thence  to  ili.' 
poiiil  iioithnoilliea.-t  iNNK.)  trom  it  there  is  a  reef  on  which  the  swell  breaks  in  heavy  weatlai. 

The  aiichora;;e  for  small  vessels  is  close  under  the  elills  on  the  wi'st  side  of  the  cove  aid  iii.-iilc 
tlif  southeast  I y  whiih  m;iiks  Ihe  daii;;er  alieid\  mentioned.     There  is  room  for  two  vcs.scK  111 

■  Sii  11:11 1  liv  till-  Kiixslaiis  :    IrlMiiknli    l-l-. 


PACIFIC   COAST   I'lLOT.  257 

the  I  live  at  Olio  tiiiit'.  In  winter  small  vessels  make  faxt  m  the  southeast  buoy,  and,  with  lines 
to  liir  sliore,  I'leiiiu-nll.v  ride  (int  heavy  soiitheasteis.  Itiit  the  anehorap'  i.s  bad  for  lait;*'  vessels 
Ikciiivi'  the  bottom  is  roeliy,  and  they  are  likely  to  lose  their  anchors,  A  chute  is  built  out  to  tlio 
v:\>\  soiitiieast  iVom  tlie  western  elilVs  and  pidjeels  over  twelve  feet  of  water,  where  a  vessel  ol'sev- 
iiii \  li\ e  tons  can  lie  Inoadside  to  the  end  of  the  chute  and  head  out  ;  siu-  has  to  be  moored  by  six 
liii,-,  lo  buoys  and  shore  fastenin};s.  C'oaslin;;  vessels  load  lire-wood,  tanbark,  redwood  posts, 
III  111  produce,  etc.,  for  Sail  Francisco.  This  was  the  first  of  tiic  small  tradin^r  harbors  on  the 
(•(i;ivt  north  of  San  I'laiicisco.     About  sixt\  carjioes  have  been  loaded  here  annually. 

I'll  'le  is  no  isel|i  in  the  cove,  Imt  patches  of  it  close  inshore,  about  half  a  mile  to  the  southeast- 
wiii.l.     Outside  the  harbor,  in  fifteen  fathoms,  the  bottom  is  sand,  ;;iavel,  and  broken  shells. 

A  litshwater  stream  enters  at   the  eastern   part   of  the  co\-e  where  theie   is  a  short,  broad 
Mini  I'c, It'll.     There  is  a  depth  of  twelve  feet  of  water  close  to  this  beach. 

I'.tiKiDs  in  the  approaches  to  I'ort  Ivoss  Aiichorajie :  ^l  ixitcli  nf  sinihcii  nit-L's  marked  by  kelp 
lies  iliii'c  hniidicd  and  sixty  yards  south  twenty  six  d(  >;rees  west  {S.  L'(>  W.)  from  the  southwest 
iiuiiii  <'\  the  elitl  to  the  westward  of  the  cove,  oiic<|iiarter  of  a  mile  south  foit.v  decrees  east 
>,  (11  I'..)  from  the  extreme  wotern  part  of  the  same  point,  anil  one  (|uaitcr  of  a  mile  south  lifty- 
iiiiir  (Ir^rces  west  (S.  'I'X  W .)  from  the  southeast  buoy  iii  the  cove.  This  patch  lies  on  the  raii;;e 
(i|  ilic  nsitcriiiost  \isilile  rocks  otV  the  southwest  point  of  clilV  on  with  the  oM  Itiissian  church; 
aiiil  llic  soiilheast  buoy  on  with  the  point  of  the  ei;;ht.v  feet  ciilV.  tormiii;;  the  eastern  limit  of  the 
iiiM'.  I'licre  is  deep  wati'r,  fiom  li\e  lo  l<'U  fathoms,  all  aiound  these  sunken  rocks,  and  they  are 
(^|■^tMlly  dangerous  to  sailiii;;'  vessels  hu!.rKiu;;'  the  westeiu  point  of  the  cove  when  coniiii;;  in  to 
tlir  iiiilioriijie  with  the  usual  noi'thwest  winds. 

I  siiiihfii  (11(7,  lies  iu  the  westernmost  point  of  the  kelp  tield  southeastward  from  the  iMtve 
iiiiii  luo  hundred  and  ei;;lity  yarils  from  the  nearest  jiart  of  the  shore.  It  licars  south  ei;;lity-two 
(lij;iii's  east  ^S.  S:,'''  lO.),  distant  a  little  more  than  three  eighths  of  a  mile  from  tlie  southwest 
|i(iiiil  III  the  clitf  on  the  west  side  of  the  cove,  and  the  southeast  buoy  lies  Just  to  the  northuard  of 
the  line  lictweeu  them.  It  lies  on  the  rauffe  of  the  old  liiissian  church  and  the  extreme  point  of 
ihc  ^liiiic  under  the  ei<;hty  I'ect  I'litl'  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  cove.  It  has  tioin  live  and  a  ipi;irter 
III  li-lil  lallioms  of  water  all  around  it.  A  (|uarter  of  a  mile  to  the  eastward  ot  it,  the  three- 
liitliuMi  hue  Nt retches  well  oil  ivow,  shore,  enduaciiij;  foul  uroiiiid  and  \isible  rocks. 

Tli'  I'niiuiili  /i'(i(7,.v,  haviiiji  a  hci;;hl  of  thiit.\  li\e  feci,  lie  one  mile  soiilheast  from  I"ort  Uoss 
('ii\c  .iiiil  one  third  ot'  a  mile  otV  shore,  close  to  the  ten  f.ithoiii  line.  Then'  is  a  reel'  locall\  known 
;is  I'oit  Uiiss  /iVf/'comiectiiii;  the  rocks  with  the  shore,  which  is  a  bold,  pointed  clitf  one  hundred 
mill  iii;li!  feit  hi}.di,  known  to  the  Kiissians  as  Southeast  <'a|>e.  'I'liese  rocks  are  therefore  a 
il,iiij;(  r  to  small  vessels  beating'  northward  close  under  the  shore. 

AiKitlii  r  iJamitr  in  the  a|ipioaehcs  to  I''ort  lloss  lies  two  and  one(|uarter  miles  south  sixty  tour 
lii'jiiiis  c.ivf  (S.til*  K.)  from  the  Northwest  Cape,  and  two  thirds  of  a  mile  olf  .-hole;  it  consists  of 
11  led  ni  »iiiii|;cii  rocks,  and  is  in  the  way  of  small  coasti'is  beating;'  up  close  under  the  sliore.  It 
is  iiioiv  iiiiiiiitely  described  under  the  head  of  llydro}.Mai>hy  of  the  Coast  between  l!odef;a  Head 
mill  I'oi  1   lioss,  piiLic  L'.'iS. 

<  11)  ilic  we.sici  n  part  of  the  Northwest  ('ape,  rocks  lie  ipiite  thick  close  iindi'r  the  sliore,with  an 
i>ltt  I'l  iliiily  viiids  ill  extent  one  liftli  of  a  mile  distant.  A  small  |iatch  of  rocks  twenty  feet  high 
il(■^  Hill- i|ii;iiier  of  a  mile  nortliwol  ot'  the  lattei  and  one  lift li  of  a  mile  oil  slioii'. 

•  Ml  Northwest  Cape,  the  nlili/  iitnlmrc  citniiit  generally  sets  to  the  iiorlliward  at  fidiii  one 
',iiii!lii  lo  one  half  mile  per  hour,  following  the  line  of  the  coast  and  having  a  breadth  of  one  to 
''wi  ii.ilis.    Sometimes  this  current  is  leversed  in  continued  heavy  noilhwesters. 

I  lie  ;;eogiapliical  position  of  the  C.  S.  Coast  and  (ieodetic  Siuvey  station  on  the  extremo 
^'■>lii:i  imit  i<\'  Nortliwesf  Cape,  tiftysix  feet  above  the  sea,  is: 

I  111  ii Mil,' :is     :\n'   :ir,  .s  nortli. 

l.iilii;llllil(' lj:t        l.'i       II     wist. 

I  ir.  ill  lime -.ii     l;l'i'  (Ui'.'.t 

I'l  iiiiigiietic  vari.iiion  was  \('>    Tm  east  in  .lanuary,  iss,"i,  with  an  annual  increase  of  0'.5, 
I    "III  I'ort  Itoss  Cove  the  highest  part  of  Itodega  Head  shows  Just  a  trille  to  the  west  of  the 
Miiiiii,  I  ,i|    I'niiiah's  K'ld^je. 

I  'II   (loss  was  lirst  .settletl  by  the  iviissians  in  1,SI1.     It  was  the  lieadt|iiarters  of  their  ,sea- 
■I'tcr  liiiiiiiii-  III  this  rejiion,  and  they  had  eight  hundred  natives  from  Kadiah  with  their  bidarkas 
01' skill  iMiioes.    The  Wallalakh  Indians  were  a  powerful  tribe  pist  north  of  the  .settlement, 
li-'ll  1'  0 17 


ri: 


f. 


m   lii 


I  ■■«■■  f> 


I'Aiiric  lOAsr  i-iiAii. 


m  iii;n(ii;Ai'iiv  <>i'  rm:  (HAsr  isktwkkn  hodi'.oa  iikau  ani>  r»im'  koss. 


Almi;;  llii'  r<»' 


^v,  I'liilV  .-'Ikii')' Iroiii  l!ii<|f;:a  llciul  nnrtliwt'st  tor  one  iiml  a  lialC  iiiilt's  tlit' ti 


lalliniii  liiic  i>l  soiiiiilihus  lies  lit'twccn  oiictliliil  ami  mii-  lialf  ol'  a  mile  iilV  .sliort',  witli  liii>  tluri' 
lallmiii  (111 '.(•  oMc  liiinili'i'd  and  lillvNards  rmiii  ilic  sliiPir.  'I'lif  lioltinn  is  iii('j:iilar,  rocks ,  with 
^i,i\  >.iiid  and  Imikrii  sliclls.  A  \fr\  small  palcli  i>l  Ucl|i  lii's  olV  llic  sli;:lil  indciilatiiiii  liall' a 
mill'  Mum  ilic  niiiili\\csl  pdiiit  o\'  Ilic  Head.  OlV  sIidic  tlif  twciitv  ratlmiii  line  lies  almiit  (.n. 
mile  distaiil  liiiiii  slmic,  ;:r,idiiall.\  a|iiiiiiailiiiii;  at  till'  iiidtliUfsl  |Miiiit.  wlicri' t  lit'  lliirtx  lailmm 
line  is  (I 
is  "11  ell  mud.  u  I 


hh  a  mile  distant.      Tlii'  lurts  tallioiii  i'iuac  is  l\vi>  miles  ntV  sliore.     The  Itoltiiiii  L'eiieralK 


ill  uccasiiiiial  e(iai>e  j;rav  sand  and  luokrii  shells, 

Nmthuaid  uT  |!(ide;;a  Head.  Ihe  ten  tatlioili  line  keeps  uilliiii  hall'  a  mile  (if  the  shore  iieail\ 
to  the  moiiili  ol  ilie  li*n>siaii  III\er.  Out*  and  a  hall'  miles  iiuiih  ol'  Salmuii  Creek  a  few  jtali'lieN 
oi  kelp  ,11  !■  fill  I  111  I  iii-idi'ul'  eiulit  la  I  horns,  and  a  small  patch  under  Duncan's  I, a  ml  in;;.  The  I  wen  i\ 
l.iihimi  line  lies  one  and  a  hall'  miles  olV  shore,  the  thirtvdalhoni  two  miles,  and  the  l'oi't>  r.itlKnu 
liiu'  iliii  e  niihs.  The  1  Mil  loin  elian;;es  slight  I  v  lioni  (he;:!  cell  in  nil  to  line  ;;ia.v  saiiil,  «'xeept  lie.\oihl 
Ihiilx  lallioai'»,  where  llie  ^ii'ceii  mud  siill  prexails.     There  ale  no  kelp  patches  to  the  liiissian  l.'uei. 

Ihiihji  i-n  i>fl    /i'7.s.s/((H  li'iiir. — Oil    tlie  llllssl.in   U'iver  t  he  ten  lal  liolli  line  lies  se\  eliei},'litlis  ot   .i 
mile  lioiii  Ihe  111  Mcli,  iii>l  iiiilMile  a   sin. ill    patch  ol'  locks  alioM-  water  called  the  Out  A'dc/.v.     Thr 


p.il 


l\  one  hiiiidieil  and  lilt  V  \  aids  ill  e\ii  lit,  and  is  snnuiinded  bv  ei;;lit  or  ten  lalhoiiisol' 


walci 


illioiil  anv  daiim'is  immediaiely  aioiind  II.     TIic.n  lie  south  sc\i'iit.\  two  de;;ri'es  west  (.S.  7l'     \\ 


llll  e  i|U 


II  ii'v^  111   a  iiiih'  lioiii  the  ('liannel  Islet.     .Midway  bet  ween  these  locks  and  the  south  Mi 


il'  i;u>.-i,in  Ki\  ii  ii 


lira  lice  is  a  not  her  lock  alio\c  watei.     It  has  six  lathomsall  around  it.     One  thud 


ol  a  mile  IKU 


ill  li\  v.ol     N.  Ii\   W.I  liiiiii  the  Out  itocks  lio  a  small  rock  above  water,  wit 


1  eiylil 


latlioins  dose  to  It.  but  tifu  -sKiiLdi  rccL.s  lie  two  hiiiidred  \arils  to  the  iioithwi'st  of  the  small  rock. 
I'll. Ill  Kiis.^iaii  liner  iiiirlli«e.-«i\\aiil   the  ten  ralhoin  cni\e  runs  within  oiiethiril  ol' a  niiiinr 


locks  comin;;  well  out  to  it.     'I'liere  are  no  kelp  | 


i.lli'lu 


the  coa>I  1  lills.  uilli  \  i.-ible  and   sun 

except  a  \  ii.v  ,-in.dl  one  cluse  in  to  the  mouth  of  Itussiaii  (iiilcli.  one  and  t  wothirils  miles  inn  tli" 

of  ]{us>i.in  i;i\ei. 

The  t'Aiiii.v  l.iil I  ciiive   IS  t  Wo  miles  oil  shore,  w  it  h  ;;ra\  saiid  and  broken  shells,  and 

thirl  vf.i  till  ill  I  cuiAe  i>  111  .11 1,\  til  lee  miles  out,  with  j^ieeii  mild. 


I><i 


ii'lii.t. —  III 


l.itituile  .1^    J'.i  ,  two  and  a  (piailer  miles  south  si\i\.fiiiir  deyree 


s  east  ( .•^.  I 


I   i: 


I  roll!  Niii  iliwi  >i  (  .i|ir.  .ii  1  ol  I  l,'o>.s  ( 'o\e,  the  ten  fathom  cm  \  e  pushes  out  for  one  mile  toembr.ii  !• 
I'liiil  bultnm.  iiiie  ipi.ii  ler  of  a  Nil  le  si|iiare,  with  se\  el  al  sunken  rock.s  haviiin'  from  .six  to  ei^^lilciu 
feel  uMI  llniii.  .ll.d  with  11  rcuill.il  buttom  lieine  to  the  slinle.  'Ihcse  dan;;ers  exteilil  oiltsldi'  I'i 
the  line  I'mm  Nmlliwot  ( 'ape  to  .-^all  roiiit.  and  are  vciy  treacherous  because  the  sexcial  i"ck> 
lM'ail>  have  liiiiu  t'ourlo>i\  fat  lioins  bet  ween  thein.wilh  nine  fal  Iioiiin  close  oillside.     One  nl  llnse 


he, Ills  l>  lie, II  l\  au  .i-.li.  .i 


ml  llie\  aie  so  small  that  lliev  :'ie  not  otteii  ma  iked  b\   break 


.Vkclp 


field  makes  mil  lo  liie  iiipithwe.vt  ed.,e  of  this  broken  ;;ioiind.  and  it  should  be  a\oideil.  Tlie  iii.iik 
lor  this  daii-ir  i>  ili.il  pan  of  the  tii;;li,  bold  land  comin;;  upon  t  In-  shore  heasily  timbeieii.  The 
i\Mnl.\  lalh.iiii  line  i.>  i.iily  a  i|a.iriir  of  a  mile  outside  this  danger,  but  lo  the  norlhwesiuaiil 
It  mo.  1  •  shi'ii ''\  aid  and  is  oiil\  one  I  hiid  of  a  mile  initsid"  Northwest  Cape.  The  kelp  is  luiiiii! 
iii'-idi  111.'  |i.iiM,illii.iii  line  for  tliiee  miles  aloii;;  shore  soiiili  of  l''ort  lioss 


(•If  loll   lop^s,  the  forty  I'athiiiii   line  is  oiih    two  miles  distant  over  a  liottoi 


11    ol     "ll'l'll    Jill 


111. 


which  iiiii.>  into  ivveiit\  li\e  fathoins 


.1  1   siiiii;i-;  siitiNKlNiis. 


iii!! 


I II  a  L:cliei  al  uest   b\    soi 


111  II  t  \\  .  b\   S.  I  direction  I 


ran, I  lim-nf  deep  vi  ,|  >ni||idill;;s.    Novt'iyl 


lolii    Norlliwest  Cape,  the  I'.  S.  st 
mil  I.  Is7-1.  as  follows: 


eaiiii'i    1  "■> 


Ml.'- I  1 il,-        ll.|.Ih 

tr'.ln  111 

Ntttllns.  nt  ('(111.'.        IlltlloiliH 


I..itil.i.l.'.   I.. 


.l.L'i'llilf  VV.lI.  1 


Cli.ini.  Ill  ..I  l.,.tl.. 


IJ    S.  i.|  W. 

UP   s  :•,  w 


4;!    S.  7(1  W. 


1.11    s  7«  \V 
rj7    S.  7SW 


i:.;  :w  :::i  r.':)  :ii 

.'iSii  :l^  :m  |'.':i  ii 

:iii  :ip  a  i-.';i  lo 

I.  .'.Ml  .'In  ;i:!  ij:!  .vi 

l.l-'.'l  M  M  \-2i  nil 

■.'.  II.".  ;iK  iiii  i:'4  :l' 

L'.CMW  :»  :i7  I  ■.'.'.  'J" 

J,  .'Hw  :;ii  2\  rj6  j; 


1-  I  'IllV   llUlil. 


ri.i 


a  I'.      i;m,\  mill  I'liirkinli  iiii/.i'. 


i'l 


PACIFIC   COAST   rU.OT 


TABO  UK  I'lNOS. 


.'i.'J 


I  or  tlio  ii;irt  of  the  coiist  iicnr  Kort  Ross,  nltont  latitmlp  .'W  :W  iidifli,  nno  of  the  most  ])ronii 
mill  liiuir.ills  is  l.'oss  Mmintaiii,  iilrcaily  dcscrilit'd  im  \M>ir  l(>7.  It  is  \  isililc  ;it  ii  (lislancf  of 
liiu  i!  iri'  miles,  or  llt'ty  iiiilt's  otV  tlio  coast,  aiitl  was  used  as  a  station  point  in  IIm'  rxjiniiiation  of 
III).  (mi.IiII  r.aiik.  Wln'ii  a  Vfsscl  is  well  otVslioit^  and  ('oiiiiii;;  tVoiii  tlic  soiitiiwiiid,  tlic  |iiM'iiiiari- 
tji'sol  ;!ic  iiiiiiKMliatc  sliorr  line  arc  not  noticed,  lint  the  liolder  I'catiiics  of  the  inoiintain  masses 
;iii.  \(:'  "I'll  made  out  and  used  as  landfalls  atid  landmarks.  Ininiediately  lieliind  Fort  Ivoss 
(\i\r  III!'  ;:ie.it  pine  covered  coast  monntains,  ciilininiitiii<;  in  Hoss  Mniintaiii,  ci'o\m1  close  upon 
llic  SCI  .111(1  present  the  appearance  of  a  urciit  wooded  cape  or  lieadland  (see  piiue  -■'>•)).  This  is 
the  j.iiiillall  which  Cahrilio  made  in  Novemlier,  l.'tIL',  after  riiiiniii<;'  lielbre  the  sontiieast  ^'aio 
wliirli  siiiick  him  otV  (.'ape  San  .Mailiii;  and  when  he  was  oH'  this  Cape  of  I'ines  hi-  saw  the  lii;;ii 
iiiiiiiiii.iiiis  lieliiiid  Point  Arena.  He  made  it  a;;ain  on  his  southward  |iassa^'e ;  and  in  l.'it .">.  when 
ills  •.iiicissor,  l''crrclo,  went  still  lii^her  np  the  coast,  he  made  this  i,Meat  cape,  covereil  with  pines, 
,111  Im.!!i 'lie  iioitherii  and  southern  trip.  It  was  their  principal  point  of  di'parturc  in  these  lati- 
iiiilis.  lie  placed  it  in  latitude  thirl.vt'i^ht  and  twothiuls  decrees.  Adopting;  the  correction 
liiiiiiil  imm  oilier  well  (letermined  points,  this  would  reduce  to  alioiit  .">.S'  ;>(i'.  The  ;;realer  mass 
limy  1m'  considered  as  lieiii};   Itetween    latitudes   ,'J,s     .id'   ,\\u\   ;{,S''  .'>|'   according,'   to   the    latest 

(icirllliill.lliolis. 

Tlic  iwo  most  prominent  mountains  in  the  mass  to  the  northwestwaitl  of  Koss  Mountain  are: 
,s';i(()  Mniinliiiii,  in  latitnd*'  .'Js^.U'  ir>".'>  north,  louf^itude  llj.'i  Id'  (ir'.d  west,  the  wn.ided  sniumit 
(ifwliiili  rises  to  twenty-one  hundred  leet  ahove  the  sea.  The  other  is  T<i  liliMniiii  In  In.  a  Utwi^, 
li.ii.  uiHMJcd  rid^e,  seveuteeii  humlred  and  seventy-live  feet  aliove  the  sea,  in  latitude  'M'^ ;!.")'  ;{l".5 
iiiirtli.  leiiKitude  IL'.'P  IL"  ;W".7  west. 

FROM    I'OIM'   ROSS    I'o    I'OINT    AUl-'.NA. 

Till'  utiicral  dire(^tion  of  this  \y.irt  of  the  coast  is  north  lit'tx  seven  (h'^rees  west  (X.  .*)"  '  W.) 
iiiiil  till'  clistiiiici'  thirty-six  anil  a  half  miles.  The  shores  are  hold,  rocky  dill's,  cut  up  l>y  iiiimeroiis 
^iilclio  wliicli  open  upon  the  «)ceau,  and  are  liordercd  liy  rocks  which  are  close  iii>lioie.  riieie 
;iii'  ihi  eiiil\in;t  dau^jers.  The  tiniher  eome.s  cIo.se  to  tlie  slnui's,  a?'d  the  hills  to  the  crest  line  are 
idVcMil  \\  itli  fiiiests.  A  lary;o  tiatlii^  ill  luiiiher  is  cairied  on  at  numerous  very  small  coxes  and 
l.iii(liiii;s  :il(iiij,' this  short  stretch  of  coast,  which  is  luokeii  about  midway  by  the  Walalla  River 
liiiriiii;  ;i  passable  throntfli  the  tirst  or  outer  line  of  coast   mountains  where  they  are  over  lilti'di 

hilliillfd  I'l'et  hinll. 

IIVDEOGUAIMIV    l-UoM    I'nur    UdSS   Til    I'OlNT    AlJl'.NA. 

l;iiM(l  oil  Fort  Ross  Cove,  the  ten-fathom  line  of  soiiudinn's  is  within  oncliftli  of  a  mile  of  the 
>li'irc,  ;ihil  all  known  daii;;ers  and  the  kelp  patches  lie  inside  of  it.  It  t'ollous  the  !;ciieral  irii';;ii 
l.iiiiii •^  111'  the  coast  northward,  sometimes  beiii.L;  a  little  clo.ser  and  sometimes  a  little  farther  oil. 
I'lii  '■.■rciiii  is  idi'ky  and  fre«piently  irre;;nlar. 

Tlir  twenty  fathoni  line  olV  l^'ort  Ross  Com-  is  two-sevenths  of  a  mile  from  shore,  and  is  more 
iif.nlv  |iMiallel  with  the  coastline  lietweeii  the  smaller  |ioints,  occasionally  followiiii;- the  ileeper 
imliiii  itiiiiis.  as  at  the  cove  between  Stillwater  and  (ierstles  Coves.  The  character  of  the  btittoiu 
rliaii;;i's  liiiin  rocky  to  ;;ravel.  tine  trray  sand,  and  broken  shells. 

rill  thirty  latliom  line  oil'  I'orl  Ross  (.'ove  is  three  tpiarters  of  a  mile  from  shore,  and  to  the 
iiiiiiliuiiiil  is  less  rc);nlar  in  its  distance  than  the  twenty  fathom  line,  lieiiij;  only  halt  a  mile  oil' 
;ii  S,ih  I'liiiit,  ami  one  mile  otf  between  Miller's  (iiilcli  and  I'isk  .Mill  Co\e.  The  bottom  is  ^eiierall\ 
iiii'ki  II  chills  with  coral,  line  };ray  sand,  black  mnd,  and  f;recn  mud. 

Ilir  liiitv  I'alhom  line  oil'  l''ort  Ross  Cove  is  two  miles  t'loiii  shore,  but  to  the  northward  it  is 
Miiiii'w  li.it  iMMier.  The  bottom  is  i|nite  regular,  and  its  character  xciy  somi  cliaii;;('s  I'lom  llie  line 
^riy  v.iiiil.  etc.,  ot  the  thirty  fathom  line  to  ;:reeii  mud,  wliieli  is  found  beyond  tlii'  forty-lathoin 
iiirve.  .iiiil  is  supposed  to  chaii;;e  to  the  ^rrecn  oo/.e  of  the  I'acilic  I'laleaii. 

Tiii>e  are  the  f;eni'ral  teatures  of  the  coast  hence  to  I'oint  Arena.  Special  details  will  be 
;'Ueii  |o,  I  he  various  localities. 

11'  iniiicipal  points  for  lumber  and  produce  shipments  in  the  stictch  of  coast  from  l'"ort  Ross 
Ii'  l'n::it    \reiia  ale  as  follows  : 

Iniiliir  Cm  r. — This  is  all  aiiclioraf;e  for  small  coast  in;;  \  essels  In  northwest  w  inds,  lint  is  broad 
"IH'ii  til  the  .sDiiihwest  and  south.     It  is  bad  for  \essels  drawini;  over  ten  feet  of  water  on  accouut 


t ' 


h 


I 


\,i    '■ 


,  ! 


Illl'll! 

,,,rl.  - 
lllin.l 
ll  I'  ''I 
llillll  -•I 

rhr  ; 

Uv\  ■'' 

|M|.... 

II .' 

<l\      III! 


I'ACll'R'   COANT    I'JlJir. 


2tJl 


tiii'iii  .s  <iiii>  tliini  of  II  iiiilt*  iii.si*l<>  tlu'  pniiit  ami  iiiiih'i'  the  i'il;;i>  <il  tlic  ton-st.  I'idiii  thi' otittT 
,,„k.  ilii'  hliiir  sli(in>  iiiiis  (MIC  i|iiait<'r  (if  a  mill' to  tlif  iiiiriliiMst.  w  jih  a  ((iiitrarlcil  pdckct  (iiut 
liiiiiilri''!  iikI  •'">  vards  dci'ii,  Iroiii  tin-  noil li west  siili'  nl'  wliidi  lui iiiri ly  sirciclictl  iiiit  Hvn  cliiitcM. 
i|  JH  '>in  III  M|M'ii  to  III!'  soiitliwi'st,  anil  lias  liiit  a  miulrrat)'  innlrt'tiiiii  in  iinrilivM'sl  w  inils.  'I'lii'  swrll 
nmh  ■- MilliriiMl  III  wi'^>t  l'*»l-.  til  W.)  srls  in  lu'avv,  anil   IhimUs  wril  milsiili'  tlic  nivf  alunjf  a  linr  i»l' 

>iiii 

Tlu'  iii:ii'l  o 

r,rl  I.I  uil 


kill  iiit'ks  wliit'li  I'lirm  a  ciirvcil  line  parallel  wiili  ilir  .slmii'.     'I'lir  uiitiT  cliiitc  is  aliaiiiliiiii'il. 

Ill-  lias  lircn  siilistantiall,\  iclniill,  cliaii^ii'il  in  ilirrctiDii.  ami  I'stnnli'il  niii  to  lliirtccn 

Id'.     At  llii'cnil  111'  llic  cliiitc  a  vessel   lies   limailsiile  lui  willi   six   niiHuin;;  lines.     Two 

i|'  ei;:lil\  tons  eaeli  eaii  lie  in  this  eove  in  snioolli  weallier  in  siiiiiniei'.     At  tlie  lime  of  Hie 


tii|ii'-i  ililiii 


al  >iii'\e\  lliere  were  loiii'  iiiiioi'in;;'liiiovs  ;   llie  Iwo  inner  ones  lie  in  li\e  anil  six  lath' 


mil'.  Ill  w.iter  east  ami  west   IVoni  eaeli   other,  ami  the  onler  in  ten  I'atlioms.      p'rom  the  outer  linoy 

ll, ime  ill  is  north  northwest  (NNW.)  past   the  secomi   limi\  anil  iliieeilv  into  the  ilecpest   part 

III  ilii  riive.     Then'  are  liro  siniLiii   ivic/iVi  cast  anil  west  of  the  lniox.     (die  smiLiii   mil,-  with  only 
M'M'M  iii'l  ofwatei'on  it  lies  thirty  vanls  to  the  east  iioiilieast  i  liN  10, i  fiom  the  outer  iiiooiiii;;'linoy. 


flu-  iiiiioiiiiKS  were  ;;ooil   lint  are  now  out  of  repair. 


Sell 


ooners  earrv  awav  wooil 


posts,  tan- 


|i;iiL  iiiiil  pi'oiliii'e.     The  Inmlier  mill  lormeil.N   ninniiiu  on  M  illei  rreeU,  mie  mih'  iioitli,  ami  wliicli 


I'lii  ll-  h 


iliilier  li\  lail  to  the  chutes,  has  liceii  iiionciI  awa\. 


Tlir  ^;e(iyiaphical  position  of  Salt  i'oint,  as  ileteiinineil  by  the  Coast  ami  (ieoiletic  Survey,  is: 


l.atlliiili' 


;i«    ;i;i  i- '  iinrili. 


I.ini'iiliiilr !■,':!      Ill   .V.I'  hckI. 


Or.   Ill  iMiii' 


i;i'"  I'.i'.'.i 


'I'iie  iiia;;iictie  \aiiatioii  in    l.s.s.".  w as  1 7  .Hit  east,  ami   the  aiiiinal   imrease  was  liilf  a   minute 


III  ;ilr. 


Al  S;ili  I'oiiit  llic  ten  lalhom  ciii\c  is  ilistani  oiilv  mie  ei;;iiili  of  a  mile  at  liie  limit  of  the 
kil|i  liiM  Insiile  of  it  tile  lioltom  is  rock>  ami  iiie^niar.  'I'lie  tweiiiy  lalhom  ciiiM'  is  one- 
i{ii;iitri  III  .1  mile  li'otn  shore,  with  sami  ami  limKeii  shells;  the  thirt,\  faliiom  eiii'\e  is  half  a  mile 
iiiiiii  -lime,  with  lioltoiii  of  ^rceii  mud  and  liiokeii  slnll.s  ;  tiie  foitytatliiiii  curve  is  one  ami  one- 
ihiiii  iiiilis  finm  shore,  with  re};nlar  liottoiii  of  ^reeii  mml. 

.\i  Salt  I'oint  the  ;;eiicial  trend  of  the  imnieiliale  coast  line  swing's  more  to  the  eastward  ami 
mil-  iH'iiliwesi  threC'ipiarters  west  (N\V.  ■(  W,),  A  small  stream  eiiteis  the  sea  aiimit  one  mile 
iiiiiiliui^l  from  Salt    I'oint  in  a  small    Inil   deep  imieiitalioii  called    Miller  (iiiicli,      Tiiis  stream  is 


lillli'il  Iln 


Dirailo  on  the  lliissian  charts  of  'I'elieiikotf. 


/■/./,  Mill  ('lire  lies  two  ami  one  third  miles  northwest  Irom  .Salt  rniiil,  and  is  an  aiiciioraf;e 
liiii.nl  iipeii  to  the  south  and  sonthwesl.  The  elitV  lormiiij;  l!ie  western  point  of  the  eo\e  is  lorly 
Inl  lii^li.  and  lioidcred  liy  rocks  alioxc  water,  close  up  to  which  ten  fathoms  can  lie  can  led. 

'flie-e  rocU.\  masses,  and  the  hi^^hci  point  riiiiiiin;;  one  mile  to  the  westnorlhwest,  liieak  the 
imri' 111  llie  iioitliwcst  swell  ami  eiialilc  \essels  to  use  this  as  a  fair  siiminci  amliora;;e,  liiit  tliero 
I-  1111  -111  Iter  from  southeast  around  to  the  west.  There  is  j:ood  water  here,  no  hidileii  dangers, 
;iiii|ilii-  iliieefatliom  line  lies  within  one  handled  \aidsoftlie  liliitl.      \issels  of  one  liiindred  tons 


I. II!  1 |-  here. 


Tl 


lere  are  tour  niooriii;;limi\  s  :   two  lie  o 


me  liimlied  >ards  from  ll xtrcmity   of 

ilii'  I  liiiie  III  seven  ami  ei;^lit  fathoms,  and  an  outer  one  lies  in  twelve  fathoms  alioiil  three  hundred 
>;iii|s  -oiilii  southeast  (S.SI",.)  from  the  chute:  the  loiirth  mooriiiK-'iuoN  lies  on  the  south  side,  and 
iiiiii  tin'  iiiiter  limits  of  the  rocks  to  the  west  ward  of  the  aiiclioraire, 

I  III'  cliiile  is  on  the  extremity  of  the  south  point  of  i  he  western  side  of  the  cove,  with  a  reel'of 
1"«.  il.i;  lucks  lyiiiy:  to  the  south  southwest  only  two  liiindied  yards  from  shore. 

in  iiiii;,'li  weather  the  line  of  lireakcrs  runs  \  cry  close  aiom;' the  sliori'  iimlcr  Ilic  rocks  and 
ii-iilr  till'  end  of  the  r'hiite.  .V  vessel  lies  hinadside  to  the  cud  of  the  chute  ill  fourteen  feet  of 
«.itfr  ami  has  six mooriiij;  lines.     .She  haiiU  out  to  the  soiitlici  n  linoy. 

A  mass  111  kelp  lies  one  liftli  of  a  mile  east  of  the  third  Imoy,  ami  liorders  i  he  shore  in  live  to 
M\iii  liihnjiis  of  water  for  one  mile  southeast  to  .Miller  (iiilch. 

It  i-  -,iid  that  Vessels  can  lie  hcrelon;icr  in  southeast  weather  than  at  most  of  the  small  coves, 
I'li'.iii-e  ihedeep  water  is  found  well  inshore.  The  shipmcnls  are  lu'iilici',  wooil,  li, irk  and  posts; 
■  ii'iiit  Imiy  schooners  load  here  during;  the  year.  The  liimlicr  is  ^ot  out  at  I'latt's  mill,  al'out  oiio 
line  iiuarters  uiileH  up  the  coast  from  this  place.     'J'here  is  ipiite  a  vilhiKO  half  a  mile  inside 


ami  I 


ll, 


II'  iHllllt. 


•MlllC 


■  tell  fathom  curve  of  soundiiif^s  is  only  three  hundred  yards  otf  the  north  shore  at  Kisk 
W'  and  Just  outside  the  outer  visilile  rocks.     The  liottom  is  hard  and  rocky.     The  twenty- 


1-   ! 


r 


:i   till 


0 


^,mii 


:'»        ! 


.'G2 


I'ACIFIC   COAST    I'lLOT. 


r;itliniii  riMVc  in  ;%  littliMiioi't'  than  iiiii'  i|inu'ti-i'  of  a  mile  ol)  sIidic,  iiiiiI  tlu'liottoin  m  fliu>Kr)>.Vsiiii>|. 
liKiKrii  slirlls.  ;m(l  ciual.  Tln'  lliiitv  ralliiHii  ciii  \c  is  twn  iliinls  nl' a  niilf  t'rniii  sliort'.  and  at  iIk 
ontctcil;.'''  lit'  a  ItoitiiMi  (if  iiniil,  ^.'lavrl.  ami  liioUm  .shrlN.  'I'lif  I'oiiv  lailiom  ciirxc  is  one  and  ih,. 
tlilrds  mill's  oil  sliorc;  tlu'  Imltnm  «|iiilt'  ii'^idar  ol' trifcn  mud.  'rhi-nrc  tin- «h'iith  incicasr.s  v.'i\ 
n'f;nlaily. 

Iliirscsliiii  I'oliit  is  a  cliir  one  linmlrfd  and  i'i;.'litv  feci  lii;;li.  Iliifc  miles  noitli  liliv  ilm  , 
(li';;it'e.,  west  (N.  ."I'l '  W.)  t'l'Din  Sail  I'oint,  «illi  a  dr|iii'ssiiiti  nCsiviv  feci  iiiimi'diatt'l\  lirlnnd  ii 
Then'  arc  ih)  tn-i'M  tiir  niietliinl  ola  mile  liaek,  Imt  tlio  suniiiiil  ol  tin'  pninl  is  maikcd  li,\  |iri)M'<'tni:: 
nnisst's  of  I'lH'k.  Tlu'  siMwanI  I'ai'c  is  iMiiilcrt'd  li.v  lai'^'c  nukv  patches;  hut  tlu'  ten  tatinitn  line 
passes  eloseiintside  Ihein.  and  the  I \Nent\  I'atlniiii  line  is  iinl,\  Imn' hnndred  yards  I'rnni  them ;  tli< 
liotiniii  is  riH'k.N  and  line  yra\  sand. 

(hi  the  ninth  side  III  the  point  is  an  indentation  olonethiid  of  a  mile,  forming  a  lioivi.sh  .1 
eove  open  diieetl.v  to  the  northwest.  In  this  cove  is  a  small  lield  of  kelp  with  live  to  si\  latlioin 
water.     'I'lie  lenl.illioin  line  sweeps  inside  of  the  lioiindiii;;  point.s. 

On  the  north  sidi' of  the  Horseshoe  <"ove  the  forest  comes  almost  to  the  ed>,'e  of  llic  clill  loi   .1 
mile,  and  then  falls  hack  a  few  hiimlred  yards  in  places. 

The  ;;eonra|)liii'ai  position  of  the  Coas!  Survey  station  on  the  iiorihcinmosi  part  ol  ihe  point  1 . 


1,.llilll(lr 

I.iili;,'itll(li' I'J 

dr.   in  I  inn- 


;(-    :ir,   1-  .:  imrili 


III 


•'■  \:\"' 


The  tliirt.N  I'attiom  curve  is  two  thirds  of  a  mih'  t'roiii  the  shore,  with  lioltoni  of  yra\el,  i)rol>i  n 
shells,  niid  mild.  The  foityl'athom  line  is  one  and  t  wo  tliiid-  miles  from  shore,  wil  h  tlii'  liuiinm 
chaiij^iiiy:  fioiii  j;ra\cl,  liiokcn  shells,  and  mild  to  ;:iccii  mud.  iJcyond  forty  fat lioiiis  1  he  dcpih 
chant's  ;:iailiially. 

I'loiii  Horseshoe  I'oiiit  the  coast  line  runs  ncail>  stiai>;lit  northwest  l>y  west  (NNV.  li.\  W  in\- 
twelve  and  a  lialf  miles  lo  the  inoii  ill  of  the  W  alalia  I.'im'I.  at  no  place  let  real  in;;  o\er  a  mile  lo  ilir 
eastward  ><(  that  course. 

The  shore  eontiniies  maiked  liy  Inokcii  clills,  averay;iiii;  si\t.\  leet  aliove  the  sea.  lioidrnil  li\ 
rocks  close  under  lliem  ;  and  the  hind  ^renerally  rises  without  trees  from  one ci^ihth  to  hall  a  mile 
inland,  uhcii  the  t'orcsis  l>(';;iii  and  cover  the  lii;tli  co.i.st  liills  to  liltccn  hnndred  feet. 

Ill  .laiiiiaiN .  1">S."(.  till'  line  of  cipnd  nia;;iiclic  decliiialioii  o|  sexenteen  de;,'rees  c.isl  cin  iIh' 
coast  line  ill  latitude  :'<s    :;s'.  and  mo\cs  neail\  one  niiiiiitc  of  arc  aniinally  to  Ihe  iii-rtliward. 

St  iriirl's  I'liiiil. —  I'his  point,  I'ortv  four  feet  lii;:li,  lies  iieail.s  three  and  a  half  miles  noiih  luiiy 
mill'  ilcmees  west  (N,  lit  W.)  troiii  llorse.shoi'  roiiit.  and  tweiily  two  miles  soiilhcasi  Ii\  im-i 
half  casi  iSi;,  liy  K.  \  K.)  from  I'oini  .\rena.  l-'rom  liorseslioe  Cove  to  .Stewart's  I'oiiit  tin  in<l,\ 
shores  'ire  nearly  strai^'lit  and  liordeicd  hy  imks  ahove  water,  with  clitl's  sixty  feel  lii-h.  I'liric 
are  no  iiiitl\in^  d.ui^rci's,  lint  a  patch  of  kelp  lies  one  mile  south  of  the  point. 

Stiiriirt's  I'liiiil  I.KiKliitji  or  FiKlitniiait's  i'xnj  is  half  a  mile  southeast  t'roni  Stewai'fs  I'oiiii.  I  In 
shore  is  lormcd  of  liroUen  clills  fifty  feet  hi;ih  and  closely  liordered  liy  many  small  rocks.  TIh'.im 
elioiai:e  is  a  contracted  iinlentalion  01  three  h  11  ml  red  yards  w  idlli  an.,  f  iii-  hninlred  and  liil.\  \  ml- 
di'iitli  e.ist  and  west,  with  liliilVsliores  and  bin  If  points  at  tlie  soiitliea'  I  ,11  i  iKUthwesl,  hoth  ^iimlmI 
li\  iiM-ks  alrove  water.  It  o|ii'ns  sipiare  to  the  west,  (hilside  ami  oi'i  ||i<-  southern  point  tii.  i.  in' 
two  small  patches  of  kelp,  each  one  hiinilicd  and  ti'ty  \aids  in  .  •.".•lit,  "  ith  tun  siuilcm  /"•/,«. 
Iiaviii;;  eie\en  feet  of  water  iijion  tliciii  in  the  norlhern  patch  am;   !i>.<-  to  six  fathoms  in  the  s.nitli 


ein  JiaN-li. 


Th 


from  six  to  seven  I'athonis  of  water  all  around   these  kelp  patcin 


A   ImiuV 


has    UiM'ii  placed  In  the  northern  kclp)iatch  lietwcen  the  two  sunken  I'ocks.     In  the  norlhea-i  |miI 
of  the  co\c.  there  is  a  small  indentation  over  which  projected  the  chutes  for  loading;  vessels. 

The  liireelallioin  line  runs  well  into  the  cove,  which  can  he  entered  with  live  to  six  faili'ins 
ol  walerovcr  hard  hottoiii  ami   line  ^^ra.N'  sand.     In  Is?"  there  were  three  chiiles  wlieiic 


(.  liiii.nir 


load 


I'll  nil  the  schooner- 


Tl 


le  outer  chute  has  ln'cn  carried  aw.iv,  and  the  inner  oi 


iii.l 


used.  The  kelp  reaches  into  the  middle  cliiite.  There  wire  three  mills,  one  of  which  was  cl-i  '■" 
tiie  shipping  point,  and  till' others  hack  in  the  forest.  They  aic  aliaiidoned,  and  a  small  si,  n.'li' 
mill,  line  and  1  half  miles  ii|i  the  coast,  is  the  only  one  running;. 

In  lss.-,,,nl,\  one  chnte,  the  middle  one,  was  in  riinnin;;  order.     It  exteinls  from  the  clili"\i'i 
the  rocks  out  to  elcNcii  feet  of  water,  and  vessels  of  one  hundred  and   tweiitv-live  tons  mav  11 r 


use  seven  nioonnj.' lines 


riicy 


in  the  cove,     \cssels  lie  liioadside  to  thi'  end  of  the  chute  and 

haul  out  to  one  or  the  other  moorinj,'-liiioy,  according'  to  the  direction  of  the  wind.     Winn  llie 


PAciPic  (,'()Asi    ni.(tr.  "J 

ithi'i  IS  iiiii{,'li,  tilt' liiK*  III'  lu'ciiki'i's  I'll  tlif^\i.i   ;iiii|   Miiilliui'sl    is  I'liwi'  mull  r  I  III' iiiiii'i   liin 


iiiu 


lll'lls  till'  SlllltlH'ilSl    tllfl'l'  is  III)  OlltlT   iri'l'   III'    IIM'kM  SJlllVMIIi:    "llU    ^11    \i'M     llHV     VN.IIr 


I  III  an  iiM'i'ii;;!'  Ilii'ii*  iiri*  t  wi'iitv  II  m-  .si'lniinii'i  s  liiiiijiil  »  n  h  u |,  jhlsIs.  i.iii  Imi  K,  ;iiiil  ^liiii;.'lr  - 

III  I  hi-  _\rar. 

ilii-ii' an-  two  iiiiiiiriii;;  liiinvs  insiilii  llii'  I'liirain'c.  ami  ii  lliiiil  inn'  iniiiiliiil  \aiils  niii^lili' 
tiiu  ikN  till'  iiiirtliiTii  palrli  III'  Urlj). 

I'iir  It'll  ralliiiiii  ciiiM'  III'  stniii(liii;;,s  lii's  jiist  iiiil-jili-  thr  \  isililf  miks  ami  liiraki'i>  nlV  Slrw  .ill's 
I',,  I  ,  iiiil  just  iilltsiili' till' slllikcti  rnrks  ill  llir  ki'l|>  nD'  Ihc  nivf.  Il  is  alimit  mii- >i\l  li  oT  a  iiiiii- 
liHiii  IiiHi',  with  ii'ir;,'iilai',  rorky  liottiMii.  'I'lii'  Iwciiiy  ratlnMii  iiiii'.  nvrr  a  liiiiiniii  n|  inn'  .saiitl, 
lii.i|,rii  slii'jls,  ami  ;:i'av)'l,  lies  li'ss  tliaii  hall'  a  iiiili>  iiiilsiili-  llir  |iiiiiit  :  \\  InUi  ilif  Inity  ratliniii  iiiic. 
iiM'i  .iirii  iiiml,  is  iiiily  iim-  ami  a  liall'  iiiiltvs  I'riiMi  .slmrc.  Ai  lliirc  inili  s  wr  IhmI  lilt\  tatliniiis 
iiwi  'III'  saiiii'  kiml  of  iiiilloin. 

I'.fiUr  I'oitit  l.iiiKinuj. —  l''ivt'  ami  a  hall'  iiiilcs  iimlli  si\t\  mic  ili"^rii's  \m  -.1  (N.  til  \\  .1  iiniii 
Ij,.  ~i  -liiir  I'liilil  IS  a  iliiiililf  lii'ailril  |iiiiiit  Willi  .slt'i'|i  rlills  lil'lN  In  .sixty  I'lt'l  hi;;li,  ami  luinliiiil  liy 
111,11  r  I  iiii.s  iiii'ks  a  I II I VI-  uatiT.  I'mlrr  I  In-  sniiilii'i  n  nl'  llii'  tun  |iiiiiit  s  is  a  \  i'i'>  rmiii.ii'lril  ami  |>iiiii' 
.1111  li> 'I.I u'l'  1 1| It'll  I'l'iim  Mill  ill wi'sl  III  sniillii'asl  :  a  mi  k.\  i>li't  mi  t  lit'  sunt  ji  sjiiin.  niakrs  t  lii^  n  \  1  1  lu- 
ll.in.,  a  rsl  nil  lilt'  riiasl.  Tlif  III  Iff  Lillioiii  liiii'  ii'.iclii's  in  \  fry  ma  lis  In  I  hi'  nifky  i>li!.  I  l|.  li  ;ll(• 
t^Ml  1  niti's,  III'  wli it'll  Ihf  iiiiif  r  iiiif  is  lint  iisfil  ami  t  lit>  niitf  1  mif  sfi-ms  a  I'aii'  |>l,iff  In  In.i.l  ,ii, 

Tlii--  I'hlllt'  I'Xtt'llils  t'liim  Ihf  III  11 11  III  I  w  lilt  \  1  liiff  lift  nl  \\  ati  I .  ami  a  \  is-f  I  lii  s  Inn.nlsiilf  tn 
tlir  iiiil  with  .six  iMiHiiiii;;  liiifs,     'I'lifif  aif  liifi,k-  is  flnsf  iimlii'  ihf   stailmanl   \>o\\  ni   thf  \'>.sil 

III    rliiiti'  ami   liri'akir-  In  tin- fastwanl  miK   lilts   s  anls  tlistaiit.     'I'lif  sufll  alliii--  lln'  \r^>fl 


It  I 

,il  til'    I'lii 


lie.      TIliTf    aif    Ihll'f    1 1  illU  limiS  s.       'I'hf    ilimi     nlir    nl     thflll 

ll 


IS     Hill 


liiihilifil    salils 


M.iHiii.i^l  nl  ihf  niiltT  I'liiilt',  ami  lifs  III  list' III- si\  lallintiis  nf  vvatiT.  with  a  im-K  alms  n  u  ,ilfi' 
liiiiM  x.iiils  iiiii'tlifast  ami  a  siinkfii  im-k  ssiih  fh-vfii  Ifft  ii|iiiii  ii  sf\riiiy  saiils  snuij  i-ii,t.  Tiif 
iiiiiriMiiisI  liiins  Ill's  111  It'll  rathniiis  t.tii  liiimlifil  niiil  twfiits  saiiU  smith  lis  fast  (S.  lis  I''..  Imiii 
I  hi'  iniit'i'  iilif.  ami  Ihf  lliilil  lillny  lifs  lif  Issff  11  this  mitf  |-  mif  a  in  I  tin-  inn  ihufst  )  mi  lit  nl  tin'  .  m  i-. 
i'lii--  is  a  siiiniiif  r  lamliii;?  ""'.v,  ami  an  as  fiayc  nl  list-  small  .^1  hnnmi  s  |mi  mmii  Ii  In.nl  unml,  |..i^t  ■-, 
I,.  11  li  iii>.  .mil  slasf  hulls.     Tlirt'f  st'ssfis  may  lit-  a  I  am-lnir  in  tin-  i-ns  f.  lint  tin-  |il.iif  is  il,iii;:riniis 

til. Ill  (Irllllll-r   III  .Illllf. 


■^i'n;;ra|iliii'al  piisiliiiii  til' thf  Coast  Siirsfy  stalinii  mi  thf  pnini  i.s 

l..iiitiiili' :;- 

1.1.11^11  mil' 1 -.':'. 

di.  Ill  liiiii- "' 


In    :'.i'.   .Ii  null  It. 


.4         «i-»t. 


l;l'  4:!.n, 


'Ilii'  till  lallimn   iiiu-  of  siintiilinf;s  lii-s  flosf  iiinlcr  thf  iimtli  iiniiit  nf  thf  lamliiiL:,  Imt  tssn 


ihiil  .iiiil  isM'iitv  sarils  nil  ihf  s  isili 


at  thf  |iiiiiit  mif  ijiiai  If  I'  III  .1  mi  If  mn  t 


I  \\  1  —  i   1 . 1   t  h  I 


1,1 11. 1  111.'.     'I'lif  linltmn  is  riifky  ami  st'iy  irif;4iilai'.     'I'lif  Issfiits  lailimii  liiif  lifs  niif  tin  11 1  i.t  a  1111  If 
tiiiiii  •.Jiiirt',  ami  llic  I'm tyl'al limn  niif  ami  tliii'f  iinailfis  inilfs  with   !'f;;nlai'  lintlnin  ni   lim-  l:'  -t-n 


^1 


\VAi.\i.i..\  iMvr.i; 


1  rmii   I'.ihlfi'  Piiiiit   thf  first  iiniiit  In  thf  nm  ihsst-st  is  Walalla  I'nint  Islnnl.     'i'lic  I'liast-linc 
|.  li.  .ii^  t'a>tu,iiil  III'  thf   liiif   jniiiiiij;  thf  Issn  alimii  li.ill' a  inilf.      It  h. is  tin- >. mif  dill  shmi's.  lint 


'I'liii'U hat   liissiT,  linikf n  lis'  •riili'lifs  ami  Inirilfii-il 


lis    lllliniiif IMlilf    I'm 


n^r    liinlrl'    thi-    flill'-. 


Till- lisili;;  talilf  l.imi  is  llt'slitlll^^  til'  tiffs  fnr  nm- lliinl  nl  a  iiiilf  hafk,  am!  llifinf  thf  inm-  rnn-st 
iHiiIiiiilfs  In  thf  hill  tiips.  l'"mir  niilfs  iinilhwi-st  Irnin  liilili-i  l.ainliiiL;  anil  llinf  iiiilr>  smilln-ast  • 
«iilil  riuiii  Walalla  liivcr,  lliflt'  is  a  saml  tifai'li  npfii  In  thf  nm  tliui  st,  ami  1  In-   --ami  tlniilimn  is 


ilrni \ 


tr  Ihf  lanti  in  liui';  iliills  nl'  tiniifs   I'm-  ufails  hill'  a 


mill',  pa 


Slriii.l\   a 


limniit'ii  to  tsvii  hnmlrfil  ami  lilly  yariis  I'l'mn  it.     'I'ln-sf  an-  .111   uii 
ml  ii-ai'ily  imliffalilf  ritiin  sfasvanl. 


ralli-1  \i  i;  ll  till'  slim  r.  ,111. 


siial   li-.tinii'    III   llii.s 


Noitlissaiil   III'   I'.ihlff    I'niiit    Ihf    kfip  liffniiifs  liinif  fnmpacl  iiinirr  llir  .slim. 


rMrliiliilU  mil 


;;i'iii  Mils  III  six  ralhnnis.     It  is  iirfy:nlarly  lirnkfii  I'm  mii'  ami  a  hall'  mili  s  smiih  ni  \\  alall.i  I'niul 
•  "l.iM.I,  ami  nmlh  nf  il   lifs  flnsf  iimlfr  tin- slinrf  in  I'mir  ,iinl  livf  I'at  limns  nl  w.iti-i  in  I  In-  inmiili 

<>l   tin    llSfl. 

II  iiluUn  Point  hUiml  is  a  rockv  islet,  forty  tsvo  ffft  almsi'  thf  sea.  I'mim-i  tiil  wiih  the  MiilV 


n\  .1  ll 


vs  ri'ff.     Tho  jii'Ofjrapliifal  position  nl'  Ihf  ("nasi  .Smvfy  slatimi  ii|"'i'  i'  i-"^ 


l.iiiiii.lr :;- 

l.nii.'ilinlii l-.M 


It      .'..".     ni.rtli. 
11       ll.    sM-at. 


264 


rAOIKIf   COAST    I'll.OT. 


Mi    t 


l«Jii:     ,J 


lioliiiid  tlu'  nu'ky,  bliifT  point  alm-ast  tlic  island  is  anotlicr  diift  of  sand  dnncs,  six  Imndnil 
aud  lifty  yards  lony;  I'astsoiitlu'ast  Ironi  tin-  licacli  wiicri'  it  is  taiicii  up. 

Tlic  month  of  Walali:;  liivur  lit-s  exactly  out'  niiii-  nortli  twenty  t'ifjlit  dt'j,Mws  west  (N. -JS' 
W,)  from  Walalla  I'oint  Island,  and  sixteen  and  a  half  miles  sontheastwardly  froni  I'oint  Arenj 
Lijjlit  house.  The  stream  rises  in  the  coast  iiaruntains  on  the  north  llanU  of  K'oss  Mountain,  rnns 
liortlnvestward  parallel  with  the  eoastline  foi  twenty  oi'  twciit,\  li\('  miles  and  distant  theretVuiii 
four  or  live  mile.,  I>ut  with  the  hi;;h,  timbered  coast  riilf,'e  of  lilteen  hnmlied  to  two  tiio'isaiul 
feet  interveninji'.  It  ehanjjes  its  direetion  very  al)riiptly  and  breaks  through  the  hiirh  iiionnlaiii 
ranp',  reaehiny  the  eoast  with  an  averaj;f  breadth  ot'  one  hundreil  yards.  Within  a  mile  of  its 
uioutli  it  runs  west  northwest  for  tliree-<iuarteis  of  a  mile,  and  opens  directly  ajiainst  the  norlli 
west  swell  and  wind.  A  y:reat  barrier  of  sand  and  j;ia\el  stretches  ont  from  the  south  iioint  I'l  , 
seven  hundred  and  til'ty  yartls  towards  the  north  clitf.  and  in  diy  seasons  coini)letely  bar.  tiie 
river  so  that  there  is  lu)  communication  with  the  sea.     In  the  rainy  season   this  barrier  is  cui 


tlirouyh  by  the  incii'a.sed  \oliime  of  water,  and  {leinTally  opei 


ider  the  roekv  north  ban 


Selnioiu'rs  formerly  came  to  Walalla   io  load  taii-bark,  ties,  posts,  tire 


id,  et( 


Tl 


two  cable  chutes  ninler  the  luuth  blnlf,  broad  open  to  the  sea.     From  the  clill,  sixty  feet   hi: 
wire  cables  were  jiassed  bctwet'ii   the  masts  ol    tin'  schooners  and   fastened  to  hea\y  niooiii 


ontsnle,  and  cn;;im's  on  shore  h  wered  or  hoisteil   the  loads 


th 


d. 


This  was  km)wi; 


the  Walalla  or  Ibib 


Lamli 


but  it  was  abandoned  in  ISS|  ninl  the  inoorin' 


takei 


I  up 


Wdhillti  li((/  is  a  <'bister  ot'  tvventytive  or  thirt\  rcicks  aliove  water,  ami  eoverinj;  an  ana  ut 


one  hundred  and  tiftv  bv  three  hundred  vards,  with  a  sun 


rock  ami  lire  .ker  sevent\  \; 


west  northwest  (WNW.)  from  the  iu)rtheru  visible  rock.     The  westernmost  rock  of  the  icef  llc^ 
soulh  forty-two  de^'rees  west  (S.  41"  %\'.)  one  third  of  a  iinle  from  the  chute,  and  north  lifty  def;ree.' 


est  (X.  ."((P  \V.)  a  littli'  more  than  one  and  om'cij^lilli  miles  I'l 


Walalla  Toint  Island. 


Oil'  Walalla    I'oint    IslanTi   the  tenfathoin   cnr\c  is  within  I  uo  hundred  \ards  ot'  its  wcsiriii 


edi;c,  tir  one-third  of  a   mile   from  siiorc 


T 


le  tweiitv  falliom  eiiiAe  is  two  thilds  of  a   mile  Immh 


shore,  the  thirtv-fallioin  one  and  oncei;;htli  miles,  and  the  tbitv  fathom  two  miles  from  shoii 


The  (I 


da  Mills  are  on  a  small  creek  comin;;  into  the  north  side  of  tlie  Walii 


li 


third  of  a  iiiih>  inside  the  mouth.     The  lumber  is  sent   two  iiiilis  b\  rail  to  liowen's  Landing;. 


T 


le  proper  name 


the  ph 


iiid 


■r  is  Walal 


the  spellinu-  dial 


IS  a  cm  ions  alleiii|il 


to  make  a  Spanish  womI  out  of  the  proper  name.     The  i;iw>iMn  records  show  thai  at  the  tiisl  sei 
tlement  of  I'ort  lloss,  in  ISll,  the  ollicer  in  chart;e  elide  need  to  make  friends  of  the  Wallalakh,.i 
str^ni;;  tribe  of  Indians  then  lixiiij;  aloiij;-  this  s'reich  of 'oasl.     On  the  Itiissian  ciiarts  a  strc.iiii  ;s 
desi;;nated  i'-  this 


|lil\ 


but  no  name  is  yiveii  tn  it. 


<  >iie  of  the  Coast  Survey  station.;  (Walallai  on  tin'  north  .-ide  of  the  j;i'eat  bend  of  the  i 


nel, 


and  three  o\  Icinr  mil 


troiii  the  coi 


isl,  I 


las  .III  elevation  tU   twcntvoiie  hiindieil   and    iiiiielv  tv\i 


feet,  and  this  may  be  taken  as  the  j;eiieial  elevation  of  the  1   iidlall  on  this  jiarl  of  the  coast. 

Udirai's  l.ititiliiiij. — One  and  a  iialf  miles  iioiih  , vol  of  the  Walalla   lliver  and   foiiileeii    miles 


southeast  I'roin  Point  Ai 


eiia,  is  tins  smal 


iitracled  anelii 


iia' 


i.ol  over  two  linndied  auii  liI'M 


ard 


s  in  extent,  wi'li  the  kelp  broad  ac  I'oss  the  eiitiance  in  li\, 


nd 


ix  fathoms. 


T 


le   shiire: 


sixty  I'i-et   hi};h   and   bliitf,     The   soiit'!\est    point    is   broker,  jai;;;ed,  and  bordereil    by  niiiinii 


rocks  above  water  ;ind 
(1 


close  niKle 


the 


;'liir- 


There  is  a  laire  rock,  called  lee  lloinii  lti>il.\  >\\\\ 


yards  in  exicnt,  six  hundred  and  lifty  yards  .south  fort \ -one  dey;rei's  east  (S.  41'  V..)  from  the  emi 
of  the  noitheiii  chute,  aud  a  suiiLiii  mcl:  ei;;hty  yards  from  the  chute  on  t!>'  same  bearing;'.  I  lie 
Jcfi'  hurls  suiil.tii  ruil;  lies  south  twenty  two  decrees  east  (S.  •_':;  V..)  .>jeveii  hundred  and  lift\  y.inls 
fidiii  the  chute,  and  two  hiiiidied  and  twenty  \ards  .southwest  by  .south  (SW.  by  S.)  IVoiii  iiie 
ISow'Mi  Rock.  .\  lliinl  xiniliiii  nnk  lies  south  si\t,\  lour  de;;rees  west  (S.  til"  W.)  loin  hainiieil 
y.iids  trim  the  elnile.     Sontheasl  ;ind  southwest  of  the  northern  chute  lie  line  mooriiiu-inioss,  iln- 


farthest  lieiii;.'  two  Inindred  and   seventy  live  \,.rds  otV.     This  chute,  o\er  two 
runs  from  the  soiitheini 


d   b'Cl 


Host  part  ol    the   point,  where  the  clill   is   lifty  ttne  leel    hi;;li.  out  and  o\  i  r 
twenty  four  feet  of  water  where  vessels  lie  broadside  on.  and  can  receive  the  lumber  from  the  iiiilN 


on  till'  \Valalla   llivi 


Tl 


a  s  11)1 1,1 


III'  close  astern  of  the  vessel,  and  another  to  the 


sontlieas 


I.      I 


iside  the  chute  then 


a  \e,.v  small  cove  and  beach  with  two  small  landinj;v\  h.ii  \  >  . 
and  a  wharf  to  which  one  bianeli  of  the  r^jlroad  iiiiis:  vessels  loadin;;  here  have  to  haul  oiii  ii 
lovvwater.     T'li'  new  wire  rope  chute  (called  a  trape/echnte)  is  stretched  sontheasl  wanl  imavlli.iii 


III  11  li'll.i,  (l:il,.(l  (I,  h.l,ri-  r.  l-l::,  lii..n  Kii-Uull    Io  l;ai;iii.ill,  li.'  -.|;it.^  tlinl  In  tin 


wttlcinnii  til. .fir  w.i^^i  liMi.'iir  IikImus,  n.-inif 
^Xikhiiii'iiiiU's  Jli.-,torii.ul  Ktview  of  JJ 


iiiiiiliwiir 


ii  (.r  iiir  furl  i; 


<l  til. 


'  \V;illiiliiKli."  Willi  wliein  111'  liail  i -.i.iMisliiil  liii'Milh  ivlali' i. 


iisniau  Culuiiiiii  ni  Aiiiniia,  \>il.  il,  p.  'Jiii,  Aiipiudix.) 


PAriFIC    COAST    PILOT. 


2(5ri 


(iiic  liiiiiilrcd  yiu'ils  from  a  point  in  tlic  soutlu'ast  jiait  of  the  cove  liro.id  into  tlic  (](■«']»  \v;>t('r,  anil 
J  \,  --il  ivinj;  iinilci'  it  to  loail  is  in  Iwcnty-lonr  tt'ct  of  water.  Il  is  sernri'i!  to  a  lica\>  inooi'in<r- 
|ino\.  OiiiMiir  of  it  anti  towanis  Uowcn  Uock  liii'ic  lias  liccn  i>lac('il  aiiotiicr  linoy,anil  lii-twccn 
Ilij^  1  liiiti' :iiiil  tilt' nortiifin  fliiilc  tiniT  new  nioorlnu  luiovs  iiavc  hccii  i.iicl.  Tln' ii'^liicis  ailiii>t 
ihi-i  iiiuoiiiit;s  wiicn  it  is  ncct'ssarv.  Tlii-  mills  can  cat  tiftylixc  tiioasand  tcct  of  ini.'lx-r  daily, 
;iiiii  I'loiil  oiu' liiindrt'd  and  forty  cai'^^ocs  arc  slii|i|i<'d  hence  all  tiic  year  nmnd.  lainiliei  '"ily 's 
^lii|.|i.d  fnan  the  northern  <dintc;  wood.  l»aik,  lailioad  tics,  pdsts,  sta\<' Softs,  etc.,  from  the 
siiiillM'in. 

Six  vessels  of  two  linndrcd  and  tifty  tons  can  lie  here  at  niooiinLCs  in  snniiner,  and  foni'  vessels 
(il'iun  linndrcd  tons  in  winter. 

/'((  /,■(//)  Ironi  onetliiid  of  a  nnle  sonihwt-st  to  oi:e  (jnartcr  of  a  mile  of  j'.owen's  Landin;;- 
^In'Iilics  ont  in'ocijiht  fathoms  of  v.ater  toeri'hrai'c  thcsaiiken  rocks  ami  rocky  islet  south  sontli- 

>tll'l(  iics 


SSK.)  t'roai  the  landin;r,  l>nt  rctri'als  to  I  nc  lalhoms  imnn-iliatcly  off  the  landiii;;'.  anil   a;;ain 


oiil  to  ei;;lit  and  nine  fathoms  wes 


t  ()•   it.     The  tentai 


lom  curve  IS  in  the  outer  limit  ot 


ki'Ip.  line  third  of  a  mile  trom  .shore  .south  of  the  landin;;,  and  less  than  one  I' It h  of  a  mile  from 
the  west  of  it ;  lint  aetnally  i'nnnin;f  within  one  linndrcd  yards  of  the  larj;e  rocky  i.slet 
>l  of  the  ehiitc.     The  depth  outside  the  tifteen-fathoiii  line    increases  ipiite  rc;;nlarly,  tlio 
I'alliom  line  liein^  less  than  two  thirds  of  a  mile  from  shore  ;  the  thirty-fati  om  line  at  one. 


.NJIiilr    I 
t«l'lll\ 


If  miles,  an  1  the  fori  v  fathom  lineal  two  and  a  half  miles  I 


roiii  shore, 


'flic  fico^raphic^d  position  of  tlu'Coasi  Snr\cy  station  on  the  soiithwesicrn  extremity  of  tlio 
II.  where  it  is  fortveiithl  feel  aliovo  the  sea,  is- 


l.ntilmlc 

I, nil;;  1 1  mil' 

Cullins  l.iiiiiliiKj  is  two  thirds  of  a  mile  northwcsi  of  IS 


:!-      Hi'  .">•-' '  nortli. 

t-.':;    :i:'.    Ii'i    wrst. 

Laiidiii;;.  ami  is  c\|iosed  to  the 


'Stem  sea:  except  lor  a  few  ontlyin;,'  rocks  above  water,  there  is  no  pr.)tcctioii.  The  line  oi" 
(Mkeis  follows  closely  the  outer  line  ol'  sniiken  locks.  There  Is  a  chute  si  retcliiii;r  from  the 
;lil\  I'ect  el i IV  to  a  rock  l\  iiiit  Jasl  olf  it  ;  and  l  hence  a  wire  c;i hie  (trape/c  clinic)  is  carried  south 


liirlliii'C  liiiiidrcd  vards  to  a  rock  outside  with  six  and  seven  f.ii  lioins  of  water 


aronnil  it. 


M'.-sci  iiiuicr 


l.'lMks    III 
l.lliloMI'  III 


the  Tra  le/e  I'hnic  lies  in  Iwciilv  feet  of  waicr  .iiid  has  tixc  im 


nniiiu'  lines 


The  Fish 


to  |lic  noilhwc.-,  1)111  too  fir  otf  to  atford  anv  protection.     Two  iimoiiii;;  liiiovs  have  lieen 


I  ml  red  yards  and  two  linmlicd  sards  to  the  northwest  ot'  llic'in!  ol  Hie  ciu'c,  close  under 
the  lie  o!  il  line  of  rocks,  which  is,  however,  too  Iiiiiit"d  in  cxicnl  to  at''.)rd  iiiiich  shcller.  A  third 
iiiiiMiiii;^  Imiov  has  heiMi  laiti  al  out  seventy  yards  to  the  south  west  ol  ilu  end  oft  he  wire  calde-  and  a 
liiiiilli  iiio(uiii;j  Imoy  lies  close  inder  the  chute  and  not  over  cii;lily  yards  fioai  the  rocks.  The  !and- 
iiiy  Is  used  only  in  summer,  and  an  average  of  twenty  ti\  c  car;;oes  arc  shipped  hence,  >'..  ves.sel 
(Mil  he  here  Ml  winter.     Tl'c  Inmhci- mill  has  lieeii   aliaiidoncd.  Iml  wood,  iiosts,  and  taahark   aic 


H\'.\\  ship 


Aitiliiirdiir  or  Flxli  li'm  I,'  Ldiiiliiu/.—VoHV  miles  north  lil'ly  cij;ii;  dcLirees  west  iN.,'"»S"'  W.) 


liiiiii  W.il.illa  I'liiiit  Island,  alioiit  I  wciiiy  lour  miles  northwcsi  ward  aloiiu'  thecoast  trom  I'ort  K 
;iim1  i»c!\  e  miles  soul  licasi  u  ;iidl>  from  I 'oini  .\  rciia.  lies  this  small  cove  under  hi ;:li, spar 


.>cl\    \V(,.H 


led 

liliill-:  and  piiitecled  from  the  northwest  sv.cli  liy  the  iwd  lii^li  inckv  islets  l\in,L;'  oiilside.     'I'liese 
islits  .lie  c.illcil  ihe  I'lsh    liiM'ks  and  are  de-ci  ;hed   luitlier  on   pa,;;e  L'liii.     On  the  east  face  of  the 


siiillliwesi  point  of  the  i': 


a  liiiMiJ  l)eacli  of  >aiid  and  rock  stretches  foreiuhl  hundied  yards  to 


till'  I'aslrt.iiil.     in  the  iiiiddh'  of  this  lieach  empties  the  sire  im  throiiMh  l''isli  l!ock  ( iiilch. 

■flieic  IS  protection  liele  from  the  lloithwcst  swell,  lull  the  cove  is  wiilc  open  lo  the  southeast 
hmI -iiiitliucsi.  {''ive  or  six  vessels  can  lii' at  aic'l.or  in  iioiIIum'sI  wcilher  under  the  lii.Lrh  ImsIi 
l!"iL>;  .(lid  iiioilcr.iteU    lart;e  vessels,  of  tw-    iiundied  tons.  ni,i>  anchor  close-in  in  the  cove,  east 


III' llir  clinic,  liiit  several  ilmiiiirs  exist  in  '. ae  liav 


as  follow? 


/•/ 


(//  /iicAv  aliovc  water  lie    ,ist  liy  sontli  (!•'.  lo   S.    two  liiiinlred  am 


I  sixty  yaids  from 
stein  extremity  of  the  point;  close  outside  these  Vw  lii\i  s\iiil;n>  r«ckx,  the  farlhcr  one 
M'V('ii!>  live  yards  .suiith  so  ilhwest  (S.S\V.),  Half  w.iy  lietweeli  these  and  the  poini  to  the  north- 
»i>t  h,.  tiio  iitlur  si(ul,<n  rocLs,  the  outer  one  lii'iii^  in  a  rather  lai%;"  sho.il  pii'-'h  with  a  reported 
liijilli  'I'  mily  four  feet  of  w, iter  upon  it. 

Thr  ilnitf  is  located  (mi  tin-  north  astern  part  of  the  liliilV  pmiil  :   hci  ween  it  and  the  two  rocks, 
'•lit  iiiMicr  the  latter,  is  placed  the  moorl!!;';  Iniov .     <»iie  hiimircd   \ards  north  of  this  Imoy  is  a 

jialtli  III'  Ivi  Ip.    Tiic  chute  projects  from  tl litis  In  an  easterly  dirceiiou  over  liltecn  li'ct  of  wati^r, 

A  ve.^Ml  lies  liroads.ile  to  the  end  of  it.  hciidlny  .'.oiitli,  with  live  or  six  niotuinj;  linos.     One  ino(U'- 


*s!».     'ii  I 


?l     '^t 


f  1,     Il  JFn,, 


^        t 


m 


ikii  ■ 


266 


I'ACinc    COAST    I'lI.oT. 


injr  lino  lends  to  the  rock  alroatly  dt'ScrilKMl  as  t,io  Innidrt'il  aiitl  sixt.\  yards  cast  liv  south  \'t; 
the  point.     'Vood.  posts,  ties,  I'tc,  are  sl'iiipi'*!  IVoni  licic  tliroii.i;hont  tlio  year. 

From  this  ant'Iioiajif  can  be  hi';.rd  the  lit'llowiuf;  of  tlif  sea  lions  on  P'ish  IJocks. 

Tilt'  piopcUcr  AiiKpi',  lio'intl  lip  Ihcfoast,  was  lost  at  Ilavi'iis  Anchora};!'  in  Ma.\,  IS.'il. 

In  iss'i  tin'  wrt'cl.-  .,1  thf  Mtni/  /rphi/r,  stranded  in  ioSl  in  this  cove,  was  still  In  in;;'  u'llunk 
on  the  saiiil  he;'-  Ii  under  the  hluir. 


In  U 


■mi'hoii'd  heif  and  oecn]iied  a  seeoinlary  astronomical  station  ou  the  west  sii 


the  ;irst  ynllN  eastwardly  IVoin  tlie  point.     Its  ^'eo<>;raphi('al  position 


I.iiiitiiil.'  

I,ci|i;.'itinli> I',';! 

"I.  ill  ijiiir •■ 


(I-.'   .7   «■(•■,!. 


ll,  .Jl„ 


Ilavens  .\nchoram'  was  named  l>y  the  Coast  Survey  in  IS."),'?.     Locallv  tiie  )ilace  is  known  a^ 
Fish  Koek  l.andin;;-. 

i'isl.  /I'dcAv.-  Thes,'  are  two  liij^h.  rocky  islets,  connected  at  liij:h  water,  ami  l\iiiu  t  i^hi  Inin 
dred  anil  titty  yards  south  sixty  one  dej^ices  wot  (S.  ill  W  .  tVoni  the  e\iieniit,\  of  the  h'uii  ,ii 
Ilavens  Anchcua^c.     The  oiitcl' I'ick,  one  hundre;i  and  lilt.v  ihiceteel  hi^h,  i.s  three  hnudred  \;iiiN 


(icli  rs  luu-  liniiilieil  lilt 


lony;  northwest  and  southeast,  and  one  hundred  yards  hro'd  ;   the  inner  i 

hi.;;ii  and  alioiit  half  t hi'  extent  of  the  outer.     'I'll  y  an'  connected  li.\  a  iiairow,  rocKy  lieacli.     i  tin 

hundred  and   seveiit\  live  yards  southeast  {SV,.)  from   the  outer   islet    lies  a  mclv  fort\   feet  mit  i.i 


water.     .\11  around  these  rocks  are  manv  small  i 


licks  at  love  w 


iilei-.     'riiere  is  n  passa; 


e  \\.l\   111 


than  one  hundred  ,\aids  in  width  lietwccu  the  iiiucr  rock  and  the  nearest  pniut  of  the  main  laiiil, 
luit  We  do  not  know  tin'  depth  of  water  llirou;;h  it.  I'ive  or  six  \essels  can  lie  w  itii  s.ifelv  innh  i 
the  proieiliou  of  the  l'i>ii  K'ocks  in  heavy  norlliwcst  Mows.  Se.i  lions  aliound  on  these 
their  lielliiwiu;:  can  he  heard  uearlv  a  iniie  distant. 


i'oi'Kv  mill 


'"i>li  li'iick   lies  smith    liftv four  d 


eurees  i 


ast  (S.  .'ll     F.ielcM'u   and    a   half  uiiiis   froiii    1' 


Arena  Ia;:lit  house.      If  can  not  lie  seen  from  the  I.iuhl  hoiive.  liowe 


,  ow  in;;'  to  liltel  \  eliiU;:  pnlh!^ 


o  I'  land,  I  lilt  troll  I  a  |iositioii  two  miles  south  of  it,  I'ish  Kock  shows  a  little  to  the  ri;:lit  ot  ll;i\  m 
Neck,  and  in  imiiui'  with  tlie  liieakers  on  Saunders  lleef,  which  lies  lour  and  a  halt'  m;li>  homI 
sixty  three  de^'lees  West  (N.  ti.'i "  W.)  from  it. 

I'or  one  mile  .south  of  Ilavens  Anehora;;e  and  as  far  we.^twaid 
Itocks.  the  kelp  keeps  alol.j;  ilie  shore  in  from  .'-i\  and  M\en  down  to  lime  and  ,i  iiall  l.illi 
oiiis  of  water.  Inside  of  it  lie  all  the  dau;;ers  south  and  ia>t  ol'  the  anciioia;:e.  The  lintiiiln'iii 
curve  lies  one  i{iiarti'l' of  a  mile    nlV  shore  south   of  the   aiiciiora;^e,  and    just    outside  ol   llir  I'i'>li 


th"  point  alire:is|  ol    l'i~ 


Kock 


SII  as  til  include  the  small  visilile  locUs  i 


itVth 


Tlie   t  weiit\   fathiiii 


I     line    llo    lllli 


ters  of  a  mile  I'loiu  I  he  shore,  lull  only  one  i|  nailer  of  a  mile  outside  the  isll■|.^ ;  Ihi'  liolimn  i--  .imil. 
erately  ie::nlai'.  The  thirty  fathom  line  is  one  and  a  half  miles,  and  the  tm  t,\  tat iiom  line  t  u  n  mihI 
a  hall' 

//'('•(H\   .\((/.'  IS  a  rocU\,  iilinost  iletadicil  lieail.  one  Iniiiilni 


miles  tiiui 


shore,  with  leunlar  Imttoiu 


.Vm/.'  is  a  rock.\,  iilinost  iletaclicd  head,  oi 

1    lioldelcd  1>\   locks.       It     is    tiili 


"  1th  |ilecl|iltiilis    Miles   am 
southeast,  treeless,  and  covered  with 


1  mill  I'liIlN  -liv  e  fell  aliii\e  iK 
ll    v 


le    iMimlieil    y. lilts    imii;    nulliiwi-i    .iml 
It   lies   li\e   miles  north   si\t\  ihice  de;;icis  wi  ^t  (N. 


•i'l"  ^^'.l  from  Walalla   Point    Island,  and  elexeii  and  a  Imif  miles  aloiii:  the  coaNt  sontinM^i    ineii 

I'nillt   All  lia   lai'llt.      Th  '    narrow    neck    two    humlled     \;ilil>    liehind    il     is    se\ellt\    lei  l     In^' el.  .Itnl 


iu.sidi 


It  the  land  lisi->,  slowlv  to  the    timhei    line.     Southeast  of  it,  toward  the  I''i>li    l.'nrl. 


niiiiierous  small  roeK>  mIiom- water  and  reported  aiioiil  nineteen  feel  liii;li.     Tothenorll 


IWC-I    ,lioi  - 


th 


e  coast  till  mil'  mile  there  is  a  c 


a  ill  of  piitihes  of  rocks  aiiove  w  ater,  w  itli  sunken  lorl.s  iii.ill 


liv  kelp  West  ;iiiil  niirlhwest  of  1  he  farthest.     The  chain   lies  alimil    live   hundred    \  aiiN  nil'  stieic, 


111  ileip  water  mitsjile.      'I'he    1  neks  i  if  t  h  is  eii.iiu    IHMIol    llie    Nip   and    Tllik     I. 


Wl 

li\e  liel   lll.uli,  the  l.ll.uer  milir   mie 


iiilinu  .11 


liii  ■  ^ 


hellli;  itmilile 


headed.     The  .shoie  line  i^  I'm  imi 


li\    ,,|ie|i  .-lili^ 


one  hiimlied  feet  lii^li,  limdered  li\   rucks  and  cut  liy  ^iilehes. 

Till  /i';(///''(//  I'm  this  |(. II 1  of  tiie  coast  is  the  pine  e.iveiiil  ri.li;e  ciilniiiial  mil:  .it  W.ilalia  Mniiiii 
aiii  w  Inch  rises  to  1  wcntv  I  wo  hiindied  and  M'\  enleeii  feel   elexalioii   in  latit'iile  •'■'^     "il    l"i  .'iiinnli. 


imi';iluile  ll'.;  •  L'!t'  .M' 


west,  belli"  li\e  liillis  Irom  the  iiealesl  slimi 


\iliiiiiil  Tiirl,  l.iiiiiliiiii  is  an   open   coa.sl    hindili;:.  vwlh   a  chnle  fioia  the  M'vent\  live  tei-l  f 

lyiii;;-  mie  mile  nmlh   lliiil.v  ei;;ht  de;.'rees   west  (N.  .Is     \\  .    fr Havens   Neck.     Tin- elilV  i^  Ii 

siilltli  >iile  111'  a    ill' ill,  n.iriow  ylllell,  crossed  liy  a  liridue  .si\t  \    feet  alio\  e  1  he  w  ,iler  and    *il\   I  1' 


to  ll 


le  oilier   eil-e  iil    I  He   ell 


ifs.     T 


le  ;;ulell    IS  c.ille 


d  i; 


•es'iiail    (line 


'I  he  laiidin-  i>  jUaein 


indmieil  :  i 


illU     s|\   \i 


>sels  loaded  here  in   ls.S;i.     Tilt!  .-ehoouer  Ciinilinr  Matiin  was  win 


here  in  t  )iliilier.  1  ss.l 


PACIKK"    COAST    I'lI.oT. 


267 


Siiiiial  I'ort  or  Sterns  l.niiiliiiii  ih  one  iiiid  onr  third  iiiilt's  iioitli  fniiv  ■  even  ilcirnu's  west  (X. 
\\.    Irani  ll;i\ciw  Neck,  and  It'll  miles  ;il()ii;t  till' <'o:ist  suiit  licasl  wiirdls  rniiii  I'oiul  Ait'iia.     It 

|i(iii  jaiiiliii^'  (tlic  iiidt'iilalioii  in  tin-  ciiasl  line  lit-iii;;  liltic  umi'  unr  iiiiiniri'd  ,\ai'ils),  wilii  a 

Ml  two  liundrt'd  yards  in  cxlifnu*  li'iij;lli,  Imilt  tVoni  tlic  t'i;:lii\  Icil  cli,,,  iivn  i-Dcks  into 


hillr  .lliii 


,iri|i  M.ilcr,  where  vessels  lie  lo  load  luinher,  lire-wood,  ]iosts,  tanl)ark,  ele. 

Ihi'i'i  are  rocks  I  wo  linndred  and  twenty  .yards  to  the  soiuliwest;  a  xiinLni  nn-l:  four  hnndrt'd 
v.iiiN  last  li.v  north  (K.  I>y  N.)  Croin  the  end  of  the  elinte;  and  iialches  of  rork  to  tie  easl-south- 
(M.'-i.    Two  nioorin;;l)Uoys  lie  one  hundred  and  foity  yards  to  the  sonlhwesi  of  the  ehiite;  and  ii 


lliii.l   'lie 


has  Iteeii  recently  added  (1S,S|).     The  former  name  of  this  landin.L'  was  llard>erateli. 


he  saw  n 


till,  erected  in  ISS!,  is  three  and  a  half  mihs  from  the  landing;.     Il  can  cat  twenty- 


ivc  ;  'loi 


isand  feet  of  liiinher  daih .      Aliont  ei;;hl  yessels  load  each  monll 


,S((7  h'lifL. — This  is  ii  sharp-pointed  pyramidal  rock,  fortyfonr  feel  liijih,  anil  til'ly  yar<l>;  in 
(•\ti  III  at  the  water-line.  It  lies  nt'arly  eiiiht  niindrcil  yards  ntV  shore  ami  nearly  inidw  ay  lielwi  en 
Si.  'ii-  Cliiite  and  Iversons  Chnte.  It  is  two  miles  north  sixty  seven  dci;iees  west  (N.tiT^  \V.) 
Iii.ii;   liavcns  Neck;  and  twoanil  three-ipiarters  miles  norlli  sixty-three  dcLrrces  west  (X.  (IP  W  .) 

Il ilic  Fish  Itoeks.     'I'his  last  eonrse  jiasses  closely  tliroiiiih  Walalla  I'oint    Island.  Fish  Itocks, 

.Sail  Hock,  and  Saunders  Itecf.  Coasting  vessels  from  the  northwestward,  when  one  mile  or  more 
iintside  of  Saunders  Itecf,  can  make  11  course  southeast.  Iiyeasi  lialf  east  iSf'.  hy  !•].  A  I').),  parallel 
with  I  he  coast  line  and  outside  of  all  daiij;ers. 

I'lir  three-(piarters  of  a  mile  west  north  west  { W'NW  .)  Iroin  Sail  Uock  lie  two  (U' three  small 
p.ilclics  of  kelp. 

/■.  r.siDi  Ltinilinn,  ■>{  /•'(  iv/k.so/iv  Corr,  lies  three  miles  iicuth  sixty  one  de;;ri'es  west  i  N.  tJl^  W.) 

Il.ivcns  Neck,  and  eij;lit  and   one  ((iiarlcr  miles  alon;;  tin'  coast  soiit  licasi  waiiliy  from  I'oint 

,1.     The  shoreline  is  of  the  same  eharaclcr  of  broken  clilVs  one   hnnilred   t'eci   in  elevation, 

liiiilcnil  liv  innumerahle  rocks  close  inshoi'c.  with  the  oulhini;  Sail  Kock  alrcad\  described  :  <iiid 


tor   lhlre-i| 
krh,. 


larti-rs  of   a   !i!'l(\  west  northwest   from   this  rock   lie  tuo  or   thi-ce  small   iiat 


of 


hnsiiii    I'oint,    from   which  the   l!onL;h  and    l!cad\   Lan 


(Iiul;  chnte  t'ormerly  proiecled.  is  the 
wfMiily  point  of  a  small  <'ove.  full  of  rocks,  and  wiili  a  narrow  cut  I'ance  alonu  I  he  .south  shore. 
Tlii>  1-.  named  Fcri/nsuns  Cdii  tn'  liou^ii  ami  Ueady.  Tlie  hcison  l.andin;;  is  said  to  lie  protected 
liHiii  tlic  hea\v  noithwesterh    swell   b\  the  Sannders  Keel',  l\  in;;-  scM'u  ci;;hlhs  c     a  mih-  distant. 


I'l'iiiii  \M'st  by  mil 


Ih  lowest  norlliwest  ,'\V.  bv  N.  to  WNW.^      Th 


under  iversoii  I'oint,  is 


tliiir  iiiinclred  and  lifty  yards  deep  towards  the  ea.-t  northea.st.  It  is  siii  ronmlcil  li\  hi^h,  rocky 
I'liil-,  hcudered  in  {Treat  measure  by  rocks,  and  is  bioad  open  lo  the  west  siMithwe.sl.  The  south- 
.■,ist  iMiiut  is  ei^'hlN  scNcn  feel  hi;;li  ami  tree  from  rocks;  it  is  icalls  a  lar^c  islet  barely  detached 
iVoiiiihc  main-land.  The  northwest  point  is  nine! v  feet  hi^'h,  but  has  a  rocky  islet,  sexeiity  yaids 
111  •■xi  cut  and  six'.N  six  feet  hi^h,  lyiii;;'  under  its  sou  the, 1st  face.      Uetween  this  islet  and  the  sonth- 


■•1  |"iiiil  Ii"-  a  ciiister  of  low  rocks  stretching,'  fron!  the  islet  nearly  to  mid  entrance 


Tl 


passif,'o 


mill  llie  cos  i   IS  lii't  .veeii  these  r  leks  and  llie  scnthcast  point,  and  is  oiil\    litl\    \aiilsiii  uiiiili. 

The  I  ■.  sent  ,.ite  is  a  small  platform  proJeciiiiL;  tioiu  the  soiithcasi  I. ice  olthc  north  Idnlf; 
■Mill  II  ;■  >.t  si  >!,  yards  east  noiihcasl  and  inside  IhcisU't  ninlir  t  lie  imui  hwcsi  pnini.  l-'roni 
:!'is  j.lii;  iM'ii,  ;i  <  ,ii,ie  i.-i  carried  acic.ss  the  cice  to  the  north  t'M'o  of  I  he  soul  heasf  point.  X'esscls 
111'  miller  tlii.N  '  1 1  do  4Utli  their  sieriis  in  seventeen  feet  of  w  aler  and  are  mooreil  to  the  rocks,  Tw  o 
heavy  leoorii!"'-    il' ,  -  lie  oulsiih-   ilie  entrance. 

'I  h      ci)\  i'onsid^;red  a  ^ood  siiinmci' ••  lauili  iii;,"  and  about  t  liriy  \esselshiad  wmiiUian- 

■>ts.  ai  .1   ties,     r.iil  when  a  heavy  southwest   swell  coiik's  in   no  vessel  can   wilhstand  il. 

tell  and  run  I'm'  Havens  .\nehi>r:i;^e  until   it 


luik 


liiv  iiiiist  put  out  at  the  liist  indications  of  such 


;i  » 


1 

1 

i 

/,''/'i//i  (()((/  /i'     f/,    I  iiiiiliiiii. —  The  jiropi'i-ior  of   l''er;;iisons  (  ove  was   in    b'^s."!  ic  erectiii;;-  the 
liLiilnini  for  the  in  chute  formerly   located  on    Ivcison's   I'oint  and   which   piojected  to  t  lu^ 

Miiilliw.ird  over  deep  valer.     This  chule  has  belli   washed  awa\    three  limes,  and   is  in   a  very 


lA]., 
Illil. 


liositii)n,      \'e>;sels  of  one  hundred  Ions  can    Inail  iiniler  this  clinic  with  six  mooi  iii'jlines 


li  1(1'  s  arc  wiliiin  Ihirlv  \ards  of  the    n 


Tl 


icie   IS   no  chance   lo  repair 


ssel  if  she 


siilllli  I;, I 


kIiuiiM  avoid  the  kelp. 


i.re  reported  in  the  kelp  lield  alioiil   hall  a  mile  or  two  thirds  of  a  mile  southeast  by 
il  «oiitli  (Si;,  by  S    ^  S.)  from  Iveison    I'oiiil,  so  that  vessels  apploaehilij;   these  landings 


liiii. 


u„U*i* 


rvt. 
hall 


S.I 

rutiiiMii 

i{ii;n'ti 


Ihir 


(ll'C|i, 
Sllllll 

rimii  li 


llilllilh 

tn'cnl ;, 
\anl>  li 


iiall>  I  • 

11    IV.il 


aiiil  llii'l 

Mllllll    sji 

Mlfly  li 

iMl  vvlllcl 
iilll  Ulll 
ll!v;||ii  IS 

Tiir 
III.'  -iM.  , 
lilllrll  II 
rnllll    Al 

A   .M, 

:i\i'iM::i- 

A    \N 

^lll  .1.11.  il 
Mclii  « il 
I'll:.'!'  .1111 

^Im|m'  nil 

Willi  Ih  r 
lii;li<iiiis. 
iiiiiiii'.ii.il 

llll'  lillllc 

M'l'lllni  I 
lia.s  :i  Iilll 

llll'  xMllll 
lUi'lHV  I, 
llll'li'r\\;| 

.••iiMiiiic;.  V 


«il; 


111  am 


PACIKIC    COAST   PILOT. 


269 


From  till'  iiidirntioiis  (tCtlio  liydrojirapliic,  snrvoy  it  is  not  iiiilikt'ly  tliat  tlic  line  of  tills  iiH'f 
(.•^triiil-i  soiiiliwMid  iicnil.v  to  Sail  K'ock,  with  iin  o|HMtinfi  lliidiijili  to  Ivcrson  I'oiiit ;  iiml,  as  \vc  have 
alir  iil.\  said,  lii'fakt'rs  arc  scimi  in  tli(>  kelp  ticid  one  lialt  totwo-tliirds  ot  a  mile  southeast  by  Houth 
hull  Miiilli  (SH.  liy  S.  ),  H.)  Ironi  Ivcrson  Point. 

'I'lic  coastin;?  sfciiincr  Fcnidulf  ran  on  Saunders  I{»'cf  In  .Inly,  ISS.i,  alter  cntcrinjj  the  kclji 
tiiM  :iMiii  the  nortlnvaid. 

S'vnvhrs  lUil  Wliistlintj  Hkhi/. —  In  I'^eUniary,  ISSit,  a  ii-hisilhuj  liuny  was  placeil  In  sixteen 
i;itli'Hiis  oi  water  al)ont  onethird  ot  a  mile  south  of  the  outer  lireaker  of  Saunders  licef,  and  onc- 
iliiiiiiri  ol'a  mile  outside  the  kelp  lield. 

III.  Iiiioy  lies  a  little  more  than  three  <|uarters  ot  a  mile  west  from  Sanndi'rs  I^andln;,',  and 
iiiic  mil  t*v(i  thirds  miles  west  by  north  oiM'<|uarter  north  ,^^'.  I'y  N.  ',  N.).  It  is  seven  and  one- 
iliir,!  uiilc's  .southeast  from  the  Point  Arena  LI;;htlionsc. 

.VliliiMi;,'li  the  Held  of  kelp  extends  t'roin  the  reef  into  si'\en  and  elj;lit  fathoms  of  water,  v<-sscls 
:iii'  ail\  ImmI  not  to  pass  lnsld(>  of  the  buoy  except  in  clear  wcatlu-i'. 

Ai-'iiit  Viirc. — Two  and  a  half  miles  southeast wardly  fioiu  I'oin  Arena  Li;,'ht  house,  a  short, 
il(('|..  contracted  valley,  (larallcl  with  tluM'oast-llne,  opens  Irom  the  southeast  ujion  the  hi;;li  clltV 
.sliiiivs  iif  a  small  cove  where  thcic  Is  an  ancliorai,'e  for  small  vessels,  moderately  well  protected 
liiiiii  ilic  northwest  swell  but  open  to  the  sii"  'iwest.  Fi-oni  the  month  of  this  valley,  which  Is  in 
ilii'  liii'pisi  part  of  the  <'ove,  the  trend  of  tlie  Ii  lyh,  rocky  slioies  is  west  f(U' scvcncij^hths  of  a  nilhs 
;iiiil  Miiiili  by  west  (S.  by  \\ .)  for  one  (piarler  of  a  mile.  The  table  tdill'of  the  south  point  Is  two 
liiniiiriil  anil  lifteen  feet  hl^li,  and  the  western  blutV  slojies  ipiite  gradually  fioiii  t  wo  hnmlrcd  to 
ivvriii.\  li\e  feet.  The  south  shore  has  a  shln^jle  beach ;  tie'  west  shore  Is  rocky  for  one  hundred 
\iiril>  liiiMi  the  base  of  the  blutV,  with  outlyinj;  rocks  for  three  hundred  yards. 

'I'vMi  linnilied  and  eljihty  yards  west  southwest  (WSW.)  trom  the  south  piiiiit  of  the  cove  lie 
/if"  sniiLrn  riicl.s  havlnj;  less  than  sK  feet  of  water  upon  them.  The  t  wclvc  •''••■t  curve  e\ tends  j^cii 
ir;ill\  !  lui  Imndred  and  forty  yards  otf  shore,  except  directly  in  the  deepest  jiart  of  the  cove  wlieie 
II  iv.iriiis  the  extremity  of  the  southern  wharf.  The  three  fathom  curve  follow^  It  closely.  allliou;;Ii 
ilir  liiilloiii  outside  that  line  Is  irre;.;ular  and  rocky,  and  anchora.i:e  in  a  heav,\  noithwest  swell  is 
li.iil.  Mil' licId  of  Uclp  outside  the  cove  marks  ipiite  insiily  the  ei^lit  I'atlmm  liiu' of  soiiMilin!,'s, 
nil!  llirii'  are  no  known  dan^rers  outsiile  ol'  it.  Tlic  Incakcrs  on  the  reef  of  iock>  on  the  ninth  and 
<iiiilh  sides  of  the  approaches  mark  ti.,'  ;,ssa;;t'  to  the  cove,  so  that  a  vessel  enteiin^'  can  run  In 
sil'i'l.v  tliiiiuuli  the  kelp  aiid  between  the  |>  >liits,  with  the  north  wharf  l)eariii^'  mnihcasi  (W.  ); 
nil  vvliirli  iDuise  a  depth  of  four  fathoms  can  be  carried  to  within  t  vo  hundied  \  aids  of  the  eliute. 
I!ui   Uilli  ,1  \ery  lar^e  swell  e.iniini,'  in.  It  breaks  clear  across  the  channel  between  these  ordinary 


A'lii' Miiiih   /(((/»M(I'  Arena  Cove  Is  a    bri;;lit  rm  k  y   el  ill,  two   hundnii   and   twenty   feetaboM' 

h  as  tiie  clitfs  towards    Point    Ai.'iia.  and   is  disllnctlv    visible 


iIm- --i  ,1.  Ill'  MiDietlian   twice  as  hij 
liltii'ii  miles  lo  seaward    in  tlie  aft 


It.      liv    it  tl 


le  position  of 


ernoiin    when  the  siiii    i>  sliinin;:  iip< 
rmii!  .\i<'n:i  ina.\   be  dclermiiied  when  the  latter  Is  bduw  the  hoii/on. 

A  Miiall  ciiastiii^  steamer  makes  ri'i^nl.ir  lri|>s  to  this  place  Irom  .San  I'laiulsco,  and  an  annual 
avi'iiui-  lit'  lilts  schooners  lo.td  lunilicr,  posts,  tan  bark,  pnidiice,  etc. 

.\  wliail  and   a  chute   have   been   built    here.     The    wharf  Is  on   the  north  side  ot'  the   small 


^iii.cn.  aiiil  i>  about  one  liuiidred  \ards  lonu'  and 


piojei 


ts  Into  lifteen  feet  of  water,  but  a  \'csscl 


-Il'lll   H  III   III 

l.iiu'i'  .mil 


In  nine  feet  of  water  when  l.vlnt;  on  the  north  side  ot'  It.     The  lumber  chute  is  a  very 


hi;;  structure,  comiii"'  from  a 


till'  north  side  of  the   val 


distance  ilowii  and  ahiii;,'   the  sonlhcast  t'.ne  ot'  ihe  sleep 
ley.      It    stretches  out  o\  cr   ten  leet  ot    water,  and    a    \essel    lies 

I'll    out    In    ll\e 


«lili   111  !■  stern   under   the  chute.     There   are  two  lu'avv   outer  iiioorlnL's   l\iii 


iiis.  iiiii>  liclll;; 


little  to  the  north,  and  the  other  a  little  to  the  south  of  the  line  of  the  whaif. 


■i!!ii!ri|i.ilcl\  to  the  southwest  of  1 1 lid  i  it'  I  lie  w  1 1, 1 1 1.  ill  three  fallioms,  lies  a  breast  niuoiin;,'.  for 

till' I  liiile.  Two  otlier  bri'astinooriii;;s  lie  in  the  shoal  u  ater  to  I  lie  west  of  the  clinte.  They  are 
M'liiiiii  lo  till'  roeks,  and  the  outer  end  of  the  chain  is  held  up  by  a  buoy.  .\  vessel  at  the  clinte 
ii.i>  :i  hue  to  each  outer  miiorin;^',  to  the  two  breast  in  mi  iii;;s  on  the  north  side,  and  to  the  one  nn 
'III' >iiiilli,  with  11  ijiiailer  line  to  the  Inner  end  of  the  wharf.  Three  vessels  of  one  liiindred  and 
iwi'iiiv  tons  can  lie  in  the  cove  in  suiiimer,  and  two  of  one  hiiiidrcd  tons  In  winter.  In  ;;ctliii;,' 
"iiilir  «ay  a  vessi  '  ':;'.'.;I.,  elose  to  the  northwest  outer  moorlii;;buoy  and  makes  sail.  The  ordinary 
MiiiiMiir  wiml  diaws  over  the  point  so  that  I'  is  fair  from  this  buoy.  Scliooneis  load  both  at  the 
«liiii  iniil  eliute.     laiinlicr  only  is  shipped  from  tliechiile.    The  (l.ircia  Mills,(ni  the  (iarcia  Creek, 


il 


; 


I 


k 
!il. 


:t:,i 


5« 


l!|f;  «:* 


t 


•_>70  rAClKIC    COAST   riLoT. 

flit  sixty  IlioiisMiid  tVt't  daily,  but  ili»  iidI  nm  in  wiiiUi,  allli(Hi},'li  tlu'i'o  is  always  sulUcii'iit  Iiiiiiliii 
for  wiiiti'i-  siii|i|iiin;  ill  smutiili  woatluT.  Tlir  Mvcrap'  aimiiiiit  of  fivijjlit  from  Sail  Kniucisco  is 
sixty  <ir  si'vciily  Ions  wci-kly. 

Tlic  town  ol'  Ait'iia  lies  one  niilo  iijt  tlic  valloy  to  tlii^  t'ast  ami  is  (jiiitt'  a  Iliiiviiij;  place.  In 
llic  \i(iiiii>  arc  liimlicr  mills,  a  s1i'";;lcniill,  |  apcriiiill,  ami  tanneries,  licsiilcs  numerous  I'ai  Mi- 
ami stock  ranches.     It  is  in  the  line  of  mail  ami  tclc;;ra|ili  (•ominunicatiou  north  ami  south. 

riic  Icrracctl  land  about  .Vn'ua  Cove  reaciies  over  two  liiimlre<l  feet  in  elcvali  n.  and  uhiUi 
the  clitV<  I'or  iniU's  exhibit  e\ery  contiulioii  of  stratillcation,  and  «'very  dej^rce  of  haidiicss  o(  the 
layers,  the  horizontal  surfaces  apin'ar  as  level  as  if  planed  off. 

'I'lic  seconilary  asti'oiioiuical  station  of  the  l'.  8.  Coast  and  (ieodetic  Survey  was  scvciitx 
yards  norlhwest  of  a  small  ^inlch  opening;-  on  tli<>  ed;;e  of  the  elilVs  at  the  wesiernmost  e.\treinil\ 
of  the  cove,  ami  alKUit  threeipiarters  of  a  mile  Iroin  the  chute.     Its  };eo<.'rapliical  position  is: 

l.titiidr :i-    :•:>'  w 

l,iMi;;itinli' i^;:i    i:i'  K 

111,  Ol  tiiii.' -''I  1  "  .''!■ 

Iljldroiniijiliii. — I'roin  Saiimlers  Ueef  U(U'lhwestwaiil,  the  outer  edfje  of  the  kelp  line  is  \(m_\ 
uniformly  half  a  mile  Iroin  shore  aloii;;-  the  line  ot  ei;;ht  or  nine  fathoms,  with  irrejiidar  boiiiiin 
inside.  The  ten  I'alhoin  line  of  .sonndiuj;s  is  half  a  mile  frinn  shore,  the  I  wenty-l'athom  line  tlirci 
quartersof  a  mile,  the  thirly-falhcun  line  one  ami  a  half,  and  the  Ibrtyl'athom  line  two  and  a  halt 
miles  from  shore,  with  (piite  re;;ular  iiic'easc  of  depth.  No  character  of  bottom  is  ^iven  in  ihi' 
sheets  con>ulIed.  Olf  the  point  west  of  .Vreua  Cove  the  ten  I'athoin  line  td'  soundings  projects  out 
fully  half  a  mile  from  shore  ami  luicipiarter  of  a  mile  beyond  the  limit  of  kelp,  of  whi<'h  two 
patches  only  be  in  ten  and  a  half  fathoms,  ami  on  the  inner  (>d^e  of  this  almost  detached  i'm  K\ 
shoal  ot'  about  eijiht  to  nine  fathoms.  This  presses  the  twenty  I'athom  line  out  somewhat,  Imt  ilir 
thirtylathoin  line  is  nearer  than  usual,  bciii;;-  only  oin-  mile  from  the  point.  The  kelp  hence  in 
Poiiit  Arena  is  in  six  fathoms  close  inshore,  ami  broken  towards  I'oint  Arena. 

POINT  ARENA. 

This  is  the  first  notable  [)oint  of  the  co.ist  north  of  Point  Ueyes,  from  which  it  licais  iiniili 
tifty  one  and  .;  half  de^jrees  west  (X.  .")1,J  -  W.)  distant  si.xty  six  miles.  Approached  either  tioin 
the  niulhwest  orsoiitlieast  it  presents  a  Ion;;,  level  pl.ileau  stietchiii;;  out  about  two  miles  west  n| 
the  nionnlaius,  and  terminatinj;  in  clilfs.  The  jtlate.iu  falls  iVom  two  hundred  and  llfteeii  Icr; 
abo\e  the  sea  to  sixty  feet  near  the  extremity  of  t'  e  point,  which  i>  treeless  tor  nearly  one  mile 
back,  and  niaiked  ,11  its  extremity  by  the   l.i;;hthouse  and  its  buildings. 

1'ioin  the  Li;;hl  house  the  co.ist  line,  two  and  a  half  miles  hence  southeast  by  south  (SI],  li\  .S. 
•:>  West  point  of  .Vrcna  Cove,  is  c(un|iosed  of  broken  and  prcciiiitous  clilfs  of  lift  y  or  sixtv  lici 
e!e\,itioii.  liorilcred  by  a  \ery  rocky  b.ise,  ami  broken  by  two  or  three  small  ;;ul(!hes.  .\toiir  ami 
afpiartcr  iiiiles  southeast  from  Iheixiiiii  and  about  three  humlred  yards  from  the  shore,  with  wiiicii 
it  is  connected  by  a  reefot'  rocks,  lii-s  a  rocky  islet  of  thirty  feet  elevation  with  Ja;;;;eil.  oii!l\  iiij; 
rocks  formerl,\  much  rrec|uentcd  by  the  lar;;-est  si-alions;  these  rocks  ami  the  islet  are  ImimIIv 
kmiwn  as  Sc,t  I, ion  llocks. 

When  I'oint  .Vrcna  is  ,>een  tVom  the  west  and  southwest,  and  the  clilVs  of  Arena  Cove  an  -ecu 
from  the  soiiiheasi.  with  the  snii  shining;  upon  then,  it  shows  remarkably  white  for  the  Icii-ili  ei 
three  111  lour  miles.  In  fact  110  headland  or  point  on  the  coast  presents  such  a  bri;;ht  appe,ii.im>' 
(U-  siirh  iinilormlv  vertical  cliffs  which  are  composed  of  hard  rocks  twisted  and  distorted  iiiio  iiiiii: 
plications. 

When  altoiii  a  mile  liro.id  off  I'ou.t  .Vrcna  the  outer  Fish  I!ock,  fourteen  mih-s  di.-laiii,  !a>t 
we-t  ol  ll.iMMis  Aucliora;;e,  and  one  liiimlied  ami  fifty  three  feet  liiy;h,  shows  as  a  hi;jli, -li  ii|i 
l)iunacle  rock  on  tliehoriz(Mi  to  the  southeastward,  apparently  well  out  from  the  shore  with  -oinr 

rocky  islets  inside;  and  the  breakers  on  .Saund  rs  Keef,  distant  stiven  miles,  are  .seen  ai    the  -.1 

time  outside  of  the  fish  Itoc'k.  In  Ihelatitmle  of  I'oint  Arena,  .Vrrowsinith's  chart  of  I  Tm>  1ii-> 
'•Pinnacle  P.Mk."  .Vs  there  is  imj  rock  of  this  characier  at  Point  Arena,  it  is  barely  pn--ililc 
reference  is  |e  io  this  sharp  |iointed  rock  .seen  to  the  .southward  when  abreast  of  Point   .Vreiii. 

The  broken  .mil  bliiif  charai'terof  the  point  is  continueil  half  a  mile  aioiind  to  the  east  noilli- 
e.i,>t,  where  the  (l.iiii.i  Huer  enters,  ami  a  Ion;;  line  of  .sand  lieach  and  dunes  be;;ins  and  rims  to 
the  iiortiiwai'd  fbi  aboiil  lour  miles. 


^ 


S*  ""'• 


,,^Hk....  »,■■„.*-■ 


v.-*-*.*,.,,  ,. 


•1^.,,.,  „  ■•'■*•  ■■• 


^^.j'TT  \  y*7 ^""f 


gstSri^ig-'SWH^' 


.;^da'iJfc.!:„.i.A. 


Point  Arena  liight-honw,  N.by  W.  \  W.,  3  mi  K  ,  11  mlloii. 


w\ 


-■  Vji,..*,^ 


,--      A*^,  ..«»     .■>,!*• 


,;,)!■! 


.    .  ..."  '-.-htjkA*^. 


l^u 

I 

1:  ■ 

1  ,      ■ 

t     ■ 

.-. .    •■*•* 


-'^''.  ;*J!4li'.B!J^-"!-'jB'B'j^-'':« 

nt  Arena  I.ighf-hon«",  N.  l)y  W.  i  W..  3  inllen. 


■■^••^c    >     .>^A.    . 


Reef. 


»  .- — 


Point  Ar..iiii  Mirhl-hoiiH.-,  NE.  by  N..  IJ  iiiili> 


""•JN-^, 


<i:iici.i  RiviT. 


l'i)iiit  Ari'iia  [,iglit  'upii'fc', 
!■;.  by  S.  i  s.,  -Jt  luibm. 


,_,,,»  ..n,  ,<,.«,«»  ••    'N 


Point  Arena  Cove,  NE.  by  K.,  1  j  miles. 


'V^-'* 


^*3>. 


ZTmr'^r-^'-'-^-TTTTT^ 


hi 


111 
r.'i 


III 
lit 


.VI 


ii' 


'fr 


r«in 


K-'i 

M. 


I'AriKic  coAHT  I'li.or. 


•J  7 1 


i>  \ 


ll,iilni(ir(ijiliii. —  \Ui]i\  Wilier  ix  found  close  in  on  tin-  soiitli,  soiilliwehi.and  we.sl  sMles  of  I'oinI 
^,,  :|ii'  ten  f.lllioiil  eili'Ve  lieiii;^'  willljli  tlllee  liMmlieil  iilnl  l\{'\\  y,\\As  iif  the  rlilfs,  iiiiil  one 
jiiiii,  ;,,|  ,111(1  se\eiit,\  fiM'  ,\;uils  oiilsiile  the  Kiek.v  oiitl\  in^'  le(l;;e.  The  I  \vent,\  I'lithoni  eiirve  is 
I,.,,  •  III  hall'  a  mill-  lioin  (lie  l.iuht  house;  tlie  thirty  fatlioni  line  one  ami  a  half  miles;  ami  the 
l,,;l,  i.iilioiu  line  at  lv\o  ami  one  iinaitef  miles. 

/),„,,,)•. Stieiehiny  out  jiiur  humlied  .\ards  lievond  the  pciint  towards  tiie  noithwesi  hy  west, 

SW  .  i'\  N\ .).  Mud  on  the  luolonyation  of  the  soiilhwe.st  face  of  the  ehlJ'  are  jac^jed  rocks  altove 
w,  t'l,  ^Mili  sunUen  rocks,  I'oid  liotttun,  ami  hreakeis  amoii;;  the  kel|i  lor  threeiiuarters  of  a  mile 
ti,  liic  noMliuest  iialf  we>l  ^NW.  A  \\.)  Irom  the  l.i;;ht  hiiii,>e  ;  whilst  a  single  siiiiLiii  roc/,-  mul 
/„('i/."' lies  one  and  oneihinl  miles  north  thirl,\  four  decrees  west  ^N.  ;U  '  W.)  from  the  I,i;iht. 
'Cliis  riicU  lias  thirteen  feet  of  w  iier  upon  it  and  is  ver.v  raielv  without  a  lucakei'.  \ancou\er 
iinljcnl  il  in  Octolier,  IT'.*''.  Ketwecii  this  Ineakcr  and  the  patch  of  kelp  and  the  hrciiker^  towards 
the  |i(MiiI,  there  is  a  depth  of  litlecli  latlioms  o\eripiite  renn'ar  liotloni. 

r.i  liie  northward  of  the  point  the  soiindin;;s  aie  ipiile  ie;:iilar,  hut  the  teiilarnoni  line  is  over 
l,,ih' .1  iiiiie  otV  sJKue,  the  twciit.v fathom  line  one  and  a  half,  and  the  thirty  I. itliom  linetwoand 
ihiri  i|U,iilcrs  miles  olf  shore. 

til)  sho>-i  Siiiiiiilliiijs. —'\'hi-  I'.  S.  steamer  Tiisiiirnni  olitaiiied,  Novcinlier  I  and  J,  IST^t,  .several 
nlV-hdie  xiiiiidiufjs  ;ijireast  of  Toint  .Vrena,  which  are  ;;i\cn  in  the  follow  in;;  tablu : 


^  '^  *l  .1 


M,l,-  ,,„.l    ..■..rn,^.-         li.'i.ili        |,,„,|,„|,,     |,„„j.,,,„l...        ..1  «...,! 
Iruiii  I'ninl  Arniii.     itiilhciiii»i  *•  iKiliniili.  ili 


I'li.iiiirii'i  „r 

linlfiili). 


itllfi.     ° 

o 

. 

0 

. 

14      S.  -5   W 

r-'T   1 

■.m 

IHI 

tjl 

1.0 

•iH       S.  WSJ  W 

42;i 

111 

C 

rj4 

(19 

44      S.  1-2    \V      . . 

l,x:i'' 

;i!) 

01 

rjt 

«l 

71      S  7H    W 

l.;i8l 

.1!! 

ii:. 

i-"t 

11 

»■:     S,  78    w 

■.',  Ull« 

.tit 

(10 

r.'i 

27 

Ill.i.  k  ':l>,<l 

!         1'". 

Chi,  . ",/.!■. 

:il  (i  hii. 

M.3  1       Do. 


'I'licse  few  soundings  otV  Point  .\rena  to  .i  depth  of  one  Imndii'd  and  tueMt\ti\i'  fathoms 
imliiM'c  that  tlnue  may  lie  a  narrow  plateau  olf  this  vicinits.  Such  plateaus  are  \i'r>  I'arc  ahui;; 
Ihc  I  .M-t.  and  aie  of  ;;real  value  as  lishiii^'  ;:roumls. 

\|.iiiri'lle  sa>  s  that  when  he  was  sixty  miles  oil  the  c(ia>t.  in  latiliide  .{'.•  ,  he  "saw  niaiiv  sea- 
ttn:M's.  ,lii,  k>.  and  lish:"  init  in  \  iew of  thi  ;;i('at  depth  de\-elopcd  at  that  di>laiire  from  Point 
AiciM  11  IS  improlialile  that  .my  shoal  e\isls  in  this  localii_\. 

(  ,-,),•/(/. —  The  direction  and  coiiipar.ilive  streii;;tli  of  the  current  past  the  point  is  well  shown 
\'\  till'  ili.i.u  of  the  kelp.  In  <  (ctolicr,  1S77,  we  iud;;('d  it  to  lie  running  at  the  rale  of  imt  less  than 
i«'i  iiiilc<  per  hour  to  the  southward.  In  .Iul\,  IS,*):;,  the  eompnied  distances  lici  ween  the  astro- 
M'i!iiu:il  positions,  compared  with  the  indications  of  Masse,\'s  patent  lo;i,  showed  a  current  from 
niic  1,1  tuo  miles  per  hour  to  the  southward  aloii;;' tin' eoasf.  On  the  other  hand  ,ve  ai'e  informed 
lli.ii  iKiNi^ators  liave  found  the  ethly  coast  current  moving'  to  the  northward,  especially  after  da,\s 
lit  ciliii  wcathei'. 

/'(  l.iinill'iill.—ih\f  of  the  landfalls  for  Point  .\rena  is  the  hi^h  mountain  raii^c  ten  mile>  to 
:lii'  '-iiiiilieast ward  ;  or  the  yet  higher  mount aiiis  neail.\  northeast  of  it,  ciilminatiiiu  in  <  'oldsprin^ 
Miiiiii;. (111.  tneiit,\ -seven  hundrcil  and  forty  ei;;'ht  feet  liij^h,  in  latitude  .HP  (•!'  IL''  iioilh.  lon;;ilU(le 
l.M  ".1  IL'"  west.  This  moniitain  is  tdevcn  miles  inirtli  tiflytwo  de;;rees  east  (N.."ii;  !•].)  IVom 
i''iii>i  .Vivmi  l.ii;hl.     It.s  HUinmit  is  covered  with  dark  chemisal,  and  its  llank.s  are  timliered 

roiNT  ai!i:n.\  i kuit  iiou.sk. 


.  % 

1 

'■■  ::l 

i 

\.  1 

)il. 

:% 


'"'    I 


I'-ifl 


Tic  iirojectioii  of  Poi4it  An'iia  foi'  three  hundred  and  titty  yards  averi^t's  one  hundred  yards 
HI  I'll  iilili,  and  the  l.i^;ht  house  stands  (uie  hundred  and  se\ ciity  ti\ c  .\aids  from  the  extremity. 
I!iil -"IT  i..  the  Irii.-tum  of  a  cone,  one  hundicd   Icel    in   heiuht,  luiill  of  luick  and  whitewashed. 

Hir  ill (it  the  lantern,  the  ^tallery.  Iialnstrade,  and  hand  are  painted   black.     The  illiiminatiii^t 

,i|'|iii  iiiis  is  of  the  tirst  order  of  the  system  of  l''resm'l.  was  lirst  (  xhiliitcd  .May  I,  ISTli,  and  shows 
r.iiiii  Miiiset  to  sunrise  Aji-rt'd  irhitr  liijlif  throughout  the  horizon.  'I'he  Imsc  of  the  towi'i-  is  tifty- 
.si\  tc.  1  ,iliii\f  the  mean   level  of  the  sea,  and  the  focal  plane  of  the  li^lit  is  one  huiidred  and  lift\- 


m 


^mJ^^jJH 


I'Aciiif  tuAsr  I'lLor. 


six  I'fj't  iiliiiM' ilic  HIM.     Ill  ravonililc  ciiiiilltiitiisiir  ilu' iitiMiis|ilici(' tilt"  l,i;;lil  sIhmiM  lie  \  isitilc  fi 

n  lit'iglit  Ill- 
Ill  fiM  I  :it  a  i!i-iaiirr  nl    l-.n  null  ■<. 

'.'(I  flit  at  a  ili>tati I'  l'.i,."i  niili's. 

;iii  iVi'l  at  ji  iliHiaiii'i'  III'  '.'<>. li  mill"*. 


•  'ill  I'l'i't  a  I  a  ili^l:: 


M'.'  Ill  I  !•■■.. 


IV  mII  till'  siiDlll  li.uliKlo  lii'lii'i'  III  1*111111  ('.ilillllo.  If  wllliili  i|l>l;lliri'  I. II 


It    li  Vl*lll|l'  II 

'riirli'  i>  il  l.if;;r,  \\lii!i'  sloiii' liwilliliu  Um;iI\  \;iiiU  shiiIImmxI  hI'  iIh'  I.i«IiI  Iiiiiim',  iiiiiI  111111 
limiilii'il  :iiiil  lillv  ,\ai(|>i  M>iitlnMNl«;iiil  iilnii;,'  llif  ilill  i-  a  \\  iiiiliiiill  iiinl  l.iiiU  I'nr  siipplx  iny  w;iii  1 
til  till-  .strain  l'i>;i  si;;iial  ai>|iaialii-*. 


'I'lii'  i;i'iiy;taiiliiiMi  iitisiliiin  <'\'  tin'  l.i;,'lii  Ihhim'.  a>  ilrli'iiiniii'tl  In  iln'  1.  .s.  (  nasi  ami  t  ii-ml 


I'll. 


tMlIVl'\.    I> 


l.;;tllllili' 


II       IHHtll. 


I uiiuili'  l-':i    II   '-'l     w.'Ki, 


I  >l.    Ill     I  lull' 


If 


Till'  iiia;;iii'tir  sari  iliuii  was  17     I-"  cast  in  .laiiiiaiv,  1S,S.'».  with  a  yi-aily  iiicicasi'  uf  o'.t;, 


I'lif  ln'arii 


aiiil  ilisl.lliri'.s  III    |iliilililirlll  iiliirrts  1111111  llli'  l.l;illl'liiill>i' ai'i'  .is  I'nllnws  : 


ruiiil  Citlirillii N- 

I'liiila  (inula 


('a|M'  Ml' mil  HI  III  I  1. 1'.:  lit  III  III  >•'  1^  II  null  ■  N    .'  '    W.  I'liiiii  I'liiila  Imiila. 


rmilt    Ki'M'.-.    I.l;:lll    llii||> 

lliiili'Ha  llrail 


\.  ;i.      W. 


>.  .Ml   r. 


.<.    l.'Jt     1; 


'■';i(  ipiili't. 

.s:.^  null's. 


I'li'i    null's. 
.'i|     null's. 


%i,-yfr< 


Am 


s 


Fiiii  '•"liiN  \l.     \  I     I'lilN  I     AI.'KN  \. 

Si'Vt'iitN  yanls  iiniili  scvciitv  twiMlcttfccs  wi'st  (\.  T'J    W.)  t'luiii  Hit'  Iii;;lit  'miisi'  is  a  low.  li;;lit 
liiilV  niliiii'il  liiiililiiij;   lui'  till-  tii^;' siju'iial.     'I'lir  a|'|iaialiis   is   a    t«i'h  i- iiirli   sli-aiii  w  liistli-   ;;Imiu 

hhlsls  III'  Jiff  siriiiiiis  with  iiitirrals  n/  tiniltjl  lirr  snoilils  illllill;;  lllirk  ai.il   \'i>ii'j:\    W  I'.lllli'r.  Ilii^^lit   ainl 

lia.v. 

Tin' ••  liliiwiinli' ■■  Ill's  lilt  ui'iii  iliis  liiiililiiii:  ami  llir  I'Nlii'Miits  111'  till' |iiiiiii.     This  is  a  y:ii',ii 
hull'  tliiM  V  .\  arils  in  I'Mi'iit,  ami  niiimrtril  "  illi  t  In'  si'a  li\  an  ari'li. 

I '1  till  I  .Viriia  is  I'liiisiili'iril  iiiir  i  if  till'  iiiiisi  lira  lit  1 1  ill  i'\am|ilrs  of  tin'  ciiast  triiari's  ur  |llal^:lll^ 
si'iil|itiiii'il  liv  till'  ai'liiiii  III'  ii'i'.  Thr  sii' iiilii'.iliiiii  is  aliiiosi  pi  r|ii'iiilii'iilai'.  .mil  rxhiliits  ihi'  M'i> 
ja;;}i('(l  fiinilitiiiii  of  till' clill  .iml  Inw  watii  IrM-l  aiisiny;  rriuii  lIu-  ai'lion  of  wati'i' ami  ui'.iiIh  1. 
This  ]ioint  is  a  Jul  1  i  11^  mil  1111111  llii'  inuiiiilain  rliain  u  hi'ii'  tlii'  ruast  inakt's  a  slii;lii  clian;;!'  uf  ihnr 
•  ion.  ami  llii'  ti'irai'i'  t'orniiiij;'  tin-  poitil    is  aliont    loily  lii'l   jiiiovr  tlu'  si-a  iiiiil  cnvi'ii'il  wiili  ,1  \i  i\ 


thill  stiatiiiii  III'  siii 


I'm'  a  ilislaiiri'  of  hall'  a   niilr  thr  Coast  ami  (li'oili'tir  Siii'vcv  nirasiin 


liasi'liiii'  Willi 


ililliii'iii r  li'Vil  111'  oiilv  l«o  I'i'i'l.  wiiili'  till'  saim-  li'vrl  is  inaiiit.iiiii'il  I'liill 


till'  plati'aii  aliioiiu  tlii'  pim-  tri'i's,  Tlii'  sin  lace  nl'  llir  iim'U  apiii'ais  in  havi'  liin'ii  alisoliitrly  |ilaiiril 
ol)',  ami  till'  ililli'iriil  ili';:ii'i's  III'  liariliit'ss  ol  tin'  l.iM'is  in  sii'.itilii'atioii  hail  no  appaiml  iii'liii'in  1 
upon  till-  iinrliaiiiral  I'ori'i's  at  wofk.' 


This 


It.  or  till'   lii;:li    nioliiilains   iiiiini'iliiili'lv  soiilli,  or  lliosi'   lii'liiiiil   it,  was  lifst  sci'ii  In 


Caluillo  when  hi'  uas  iliiM'ii  oil'  the  I'oasI  in  thr  lalilmli' of  I'm!  Koss  in  Novriiilii'i'.  I.")!-:  .iinl 
on  thr  si'i'oinl  \  oyajjc,  whrii  I''i'i  ri'lo  was  oil'  tlii-  <  '.ilio  ili'  I'liios  (  N'oilliwi'st  <  'api')  in  l.M'J,  hi'  ••  >.i" 
a  iioini  forniili;;  tlii'  rxtii'inily  of  tin'  laml  wliii'h  liilliril  lln-  roast  to  thi'  iioi  Ihwi'sl."  He  j^aM-  ii'i 
iiaiiii'  to  till'  point.  \'i/.i'aiiii)  iloi-s  not  niriitioii  it.  ami  his  fhail  has  a  very  stiai^jlit  t'oastlini'  finin 
lioilcya  to  .Mi'iiiloiiiio.     A  111  ml  lalilmli'   'il"    hi'  miii's  "  fnii'sls  "  on  thr  rliai  t. 

'I'lu'   appi'ai-iiiii f  this   ami   ollnr   p. ills   of  thi'  ni  ist,  ami  I'spi'cially  that    in   I  »iuki'"s  IJ.iv. 

imliin'il  Sii  i'fanris  I  hakr  to  lall  liii' laml  liv  I  lir  ;:i'n(ial  iiaiiir  of  Nrw  .Mliioii.  whilst  the  s.iiin' 
apptarami',  ami  tin-  samlv  liiii'  lo  thi'  innt  liuai  i|  of  I '01  lit  .Vrriia,  |pioiii|i|i'>l  thr  lali'f  ."Spanish  ii.iv  1 
1,'aliirs  to  ili'M;;nati'  il    I. a  I'l.nla  ili'  .Viiii.i.  a  naiiii'  ii'laiiii'il  liy  Naiu'oilviT.     This  wind'  ilill'  pmnl 

,'i'sts  an  i'lipiiiy  conrrriiiii;;  the  nnnn'ioiis  Capr  lllaiiros  that  air  loiiiiil  in  tlio  .Spanish  Mna::i"- 


aiiil  I'hart.s  ihion^h 


(li'i'icrs  of  latitinU'. 


Calii'iia  I'.iii'iio.  ill  his  Coast  I'ilol,  IT.'U,  sa\  s  I  hat  in   latiliiilo  JC.t.P   tin'   laml    is  of  iiioi 
ln'ij;lil,  w  iih  simii'  haii'  hills  hoi-ilt'iinji  tlif  sra  short',  wliirli  foiin  a  low  point  of  wliitt'  flill's  si' 

111  (SK.  1  S.),i'li'.     II 


li'i-ai 
111"' 


ilowii  to  till'  watfl.      Ili'iifi'  till   foast  tl'i'iiils  soul 


ii'ast  mil'  iiiiai'tiT  sou 


('  ui^'-' 


no  iiaiiif  to  III 


.•alls  tl 


IS  point,  w  liii'li  is  t'\  ill 


'iilh   I'oiiil  .Xii'iia.     Ill   Miyni'l  Coiistanzo's  chart  of  1770  In 


s  pniiii  I'inila  ill'  I'l.inamas,  i-x  iili'iitl\  I'lntn  tin'  ili'sri  ipi  ion  of  Caliri'ia  lliii'iio  in  I7.'il 


AliiaM'iiis  I'll  iJii-  NtuiJittrNl   Cii.'si  1,1'  Ai 


iirnra  ai 


National  Ai-ailuiiij  III'. Sciitiui's,  \Vasliiiif;liii.,  Ainil,  1- 


il  tin'  Mi)iiiii>i'il   Ani'ii'iii    Sr.i   Lrvi'Is.      I'api 


1,1    lilnr.-  1. 


W. 


I'AciKic  coANi'  rii.itr. 


;7:{ 


nOAHTMNK   IJK.TWKI'.N    I'OINT   AUKNA    ANI>   (An:    Mr.NIHK'INd. 

'IIii' const  fi'Diii  I'liiiii  Arciiii  iiorlliwiird  (■(iiitiniii'M  miicli  nt'  llic  sMnif  <'li;ir;irfcr  nx  lliiit  from 
I'.i.d.  ,1  Ih'iiil  lor  foil.v  mill's  to  'IVn  Milf  l.'ivcr,  licin;;  ;;i'ii('riill\  nij;;.'(il,  willi  liij;li.  Imld  clills, 
i„,i  i.tril  li\  iiiMiimt>niiili>  roclts,  cut  li.V  Hiiiall  strcaiiiH,  aiitl  Imckcil  liy  lorols  lisiii;;  to  inoiiiitiiiii 
I,,].-  .  '  two  llioiisaiid  led  elevation  williiii  two  or  tliicc  miles  iVoiii  ilic  sea. 

Ndilliwanl  oT  Ten  Mill'  i.'iscr  the  I'liaraelcr  of  the  >liores  elianj;cs  eiitn|i!elel\ .  In  ten  niili  s 
ill,' I  '  lis  ;!i\e  place  to  slce|i  slopes  coming;  directly  from  the  nioniit  lUl^,  and  tlii'  shores  are  lior 
ijiii.',  Ks  fewer  I'oeks.  'I'he  coast  line  retreats  in  a  liend  Ihirleen  miles  to  liie  ea>tuaiil.  and  ,i;;am 
^riilii  illv  works  out  to  the  west  wan  I  at  I'linta  (iorda  and  I  'ape  .Mendneimi.  A  ;;i'eat  coast  liari  ier 
III  ii.iMinlains  cominciiecs  from  alioiit  Cape  \'i/.caino,  jitid  coiitiiiiies  northwcstwaid  tut  ape  Meiidu 
riii.i,  inl>  hiokeii  liy  short  stn-ains  from  its  llaidvs,  except  north  of  i'nnta  (iorda,  w  hi  le  the  Maitole 
IliM  I  liieaks  tliroii;;li.  The  course  of  this  river  to  the  noith  west  ward  lies  parallel  with  the  coast- 
III!'  mil  Did.v  ti\e  miles  inside  of  it,  and  this  <;reat  monnlain  liaitier  stietehes  hiiween  lliem. 
I'liliiini.iiinu  ill  A'/tif/  /'('((/.',  a  liold  monnlain  leiichiii^'  four  thousand  two  hniiilred  and  >i\t\  li\t^ 
lilt  eii'valion,  and  only  two  ami  a  half  miles  frum  the  .shore.  These  iniiiint.iiii>  will  he  more 
jMiii    il.iilv  referred  to  hereafter. 

Ill  ilie  --iiiii  Ijcin  half  ol  the  stretch  of  t'oast  fnun  I'mnt  .\reiia  to  (',i]n'  .Meiiiliuiiio,  which  i.s 
ni>i  H  Miiiiiiitainons  as  the  nortlieni  half,  and  where  the  forests  reach  alino^t  In  tlie  >lioie  line,  the 
iii.iiiiii.K'tiiii'  III  Inmlier  IS  the  chief  i  lid  list  i,\ ;  and  there  are  ininieroiis  co\  e.>  and  aiirlioiaues  w  hence 
luiii'ii  IS  shipped  to  San  I'lancisco  and  the  .soiiiliern  coast,  and  e\en  dircit  to  liiiei;;n  ports.  Tlui 
\i-M  l>  iiailiiiy;  to  these  port.s  are  j.'eiierally  lar>,'er  than  those  freipiciitiiiy  the  anchora;;es  .south  of 
r<>nit  Aieiia,  although  the  character  of  the  lamlin;.'s  is  the  same,  iinprotected  lioiii  swell  and  all 
HiiiiN  except  from  the  northwest.  To  meet  these  condilinns,  there  has  spiiiii;;  up  in  the  last  few 
\r,ii-  a  new  class  of  ves>elswitli  auxiliary  steam  eiij;iiies  which  coiiiliine  the  cair.vin;;'  capacity 
ol  I  III  I  in  1 1  nil  ly  liimlier  schooner  with  the  comparative  safety  of  a  .steamer  in  these  open  and  rocky 

ji..ii>, I   these  "  steainscliooners,"  as  they  are  I'alled,  trade  priiiciially  to  the  pnils  miilh  of 

i'l'Mi'  Arena. 

Ac/'/i. — The  kel;i  alon;,' the  coast  Irom  Point  Arena  to  Point  (iorda  ;;iows  rapidly  dm  iii.u'  the 
siiiiiMii  I,  and  lielore  Octnlier  it  liecomes  very  coinpact  at  the  .siiilace,  of  the  water.  It  is  I'oiind  in 
v.iiri  as  deep  as  twenty  lalhoms. 

Ill  the  Slimmer  months  it  ;;rows  on  sho:il  spots  as  well  as  in  dec))  water,  and  the  heaxy  north' 
.,1'vi  swell  docs  not  tearaway  much  of  it;  Init  during:  the  winter  ;;ales,  when  the  heavy  smiiliwest 
■iwrll  prevails,  the  laificr  part  of  it   is  torn  adrift;   ami   whole  liehls  are  soinctimt's  swept   away. 

I  in|iiiiil;\  the  top  is  torn  olV  ami  the  steins  cm  lie  seen  under  tlio  surface  of  the  waiei. 

I  lie  two  years' ex|ierii'nce  of  the  < 'oast  .SiiiAcy  steamer  inilicated  that  kelp  (iois  not  iieces- 
■•.M!l\  iiaik  dan;;ers.      In  the  eaily  spring  the  ves.sel  laii  thiiiiii:li  kelp  on  the  open  ceisi,  liiiause 

II  t\.i>  I'v  hli'iil  that,  except    under   headlands,  the   kelp  conld   not    wi'hstand   the  .'.oiiihwest   swell 
hIii  11  II  wa>  rooted  to  rocks  that  are  danjit'iinis  to  naviiration. 


,'* 


t; 


lU.TAII.l'.l)    DK.SClJIl'TIiiN    I  iK    Till:   SlIiiKKS    N(  H.' 1  II W  A 1,"  I)    KKdM    I'dlNT    AUKNA. 

lin.riii  l:irn\ — 'I'liis  is  a  small  slream.mie  hiinilrcil  xanls  in  width,  openiiii;  li.\  a  \  cry  n.airow- 
niiiii'ii  ■-evin  liiindrcd  yanis  east  by  noilli  half  north  (P..  liy  N.  \  N.)  from  Point  Aieiia  l,i;:lii 
liiiii-'  :  It  lomes  for  two  or  three  miles  ihionj:li  a  low.  Ilit  \alley.  three  ipiarlers  ot  a  mile  wide. 
iiiiii|iiiil  and  bordered  by  farms.  The  (iarcia  .Mill  Hume  comes  down  the  left  or  soiuh  siilr  ol  ihe 
Viilli'v.  Iiriiiyiiiji  Ihe  Inmbe-  se\en  miles  in  the  lliime,  and  at  the  \  illaue  of  [''liimesville.  .-ne  and  a 
li.ill  miles  from  the  si'a,  the  water  from  the  llnme  is  nlih/eil  to  piil  in  motion  a  .series  of  rnllris 
ii|"iii  v\  liii'h  the  lumber  is  carried  up  the  incline  from  the  valhy  to  Ihe  plateau  oiir  iinmlred  and 
iwi'iiix  feet  above,  whence  it  is  tidvcn  by  rail  to  the  .Vn'iia  Cove  chute. 

I  In  sliiirc  jiiir  northward  of  tlie  (Iarcia  itiver  is  a  loii,it  coiiliniioiis  stretch  of  low  sand  beach. 
li.ir!>iil  by  sand  dunes  eifihty  led  liii;h,  drifteil  in  lines  to  Ihe  sinitheast  tor  more  than  half  a 
'Hill-.  I'liis  sand  beach  runs  almost  exactly  north  for  four  and  a  h.ill  miles,  lirokeii  lliriiii,i;h  by 
I'liii-li  and  Alder  Creeiv.s. 

Ilrnsh  ('nil;  is  a  sma'l  stream  entering  tli(>  sea  one  and  three  ipiarteis  miles  noithward  of  the 
''• '  h'iM'r.     'I'he  adjacent  eonntry  i- comparati\i'ly  low. 

M'lif  Cnrh  is  an   inconsiderable  stream  cnterin;;  t'le  sea  three  and  a  half  miles  from  (iarcia 
liiVii,  wiih  blulV  banks  one  humiretl  ami  twelve  feet  im  the  .smith  and  risinj;  higher  on  the  north, 
1 7.' 1 1  I'  (■ 1,S 


274 


PACIFIC   COAST    PILOT. 


where  tlu-  bliilV  roaches  two  huiulretl  feet  elevation  lnii  is  Itoitlered  liy  a  saiul  heaeli;  tlie  hij^lu  r 
hills  approaeli  luMicr  the  shore. 

Irish  (iiiUlt  lies  lour  and  two  thirds  miles  north  thiitei'n  <lej,Mees  cast  (N.  i;;^  K.)  IVoni  I'cnn: 
Arena  Unlit  liouse.  The  sand  heaeli  ends  lien',  and  lienee  to  the  noiihv.aid  reeoinnu'iici'  tin 
bold  elilVs  and  the  roekv  ;'oast-line. 

.!/((/  I'dso  is  a  \('r,v  sieeji  liaiil.'d  -.ilch  two  hundred  and  eifjht.v  leit  deep  and  dillie!';!  hir  tin 
[)as.>ane  ol  teams,  it  is  live  and  a  (piaitiT  miles  ii.irth  ten  dej,'iees  east  (N.  in  '  I-).;  uom  I'miii 
Arena  Mj;lit  house.  The  hltilVs  to  the  noitli»e  t  and  to  the  southeast  rise  stceidv  i'ldiii  the  wai,  • 
to  two  hnndred  and  eif;lit.v  feet.  The  north  point  of  the  indentation  forms  tli"  .south  point  nf  Niu 
Haven  Landing:. 

A  i>i'.teh  ot  kelp  l'e.i;iiis  otf  this  plaee  in  three  to  eijjht  fathoms  with  sunken  ro>!>s  and  foul 
ground  at  the  southern  end.     'I'lie  p.ilch  is  half  a  mile  i  in;;  to  the  nurlliwest. 

XcirHiinii  LtuiiliiKj. — The  soiithcrii  point  ,it'  the  \erv  slij;iil  indentation  forinin;;  this  laiidiiiu 
istheno!!'.!  point  ol'tlic  little  eoxc  inln  whuli  iiiipt.v  the  wat.rsof  Mai  I'asso  ( iiilch.  Ii  isalmiu 
one  hundred  and  ei.uhtv  feet  hi;;li,  with  i.i^^^cd  shore  outl'iie,  and  siirronnded  liy  roeks  I'vlciidiii;; 
asfaras  t\M)  hundred  vaids  outside  itst'Xlieniilv.  It  lies  In-f  ami  a  half  miles  north  seven  de^icis 
east  (N.  72  K.)  I'roin  the  Ia;;ht  house  at  Point  Arena.  The  next  point  to  the  northwest  is  oiil\  rum- 
hundred  yards  distant,  and  is  lionleied  liy  m'IV  many  roeks  thai  reach  on?  two  hundred  ami  >i\t\ 
,\ards  to  the  west  Miiitliwest,  with  oi  lieis  stieiehinu  southward  within  iwo  hundred  yaids  el  the 
southern  point  of  ilie  eove;  these  latter  roeks  >liow  at  low  water,  'flie  i  lilfs  on  the  soutiieasi  sidi' 
of  the  eove  are  o\i'r  two  hundreil  feet  ahoxe  the  sea.  The  north  el  ill'  is  one  hundred  and  fori\  lei  1 
hi-h. 

The  roeks  and  the  sunken  reefs  showing;  at  low  tide  nearly  till  this  little  eove.  so  that  there  is 
a  passage  way  in  to  tin- landing'  not  over  seventy  yards  wide  Ix'tween  the  lines  of  breakers.  Wlirn 
the  swell  is  lieaxy,  breakers  show  aeross  tiie  whole  passage,  but  leave  the  watei'  moderalil\ 
smooth  at  the  ehiit<'.  The  iilaei-  is  reported  sale  lor  \  esselsof  ei;:lity  tons,  one  at  a  I  line.  ( )iilsii|e 
the  eiitiaiiee  tiiere  is  a  lar;;e  moeriiii;  beoy. 

I'roin  the  liii;li  northern  baiil     '  eliiite  has  been  projeeted  sdiitli  southeast  ward  o\-erthe  iurl^- 
for  seventy  live  yards  just   be.voiid  llu'  lucakers.     .\  vessel  lies  to  six  niooiln;;  lines  binadsidr  1,1 
th(>  end  of  the  eliiite  and  headiiiL;  out  w  aids.     The  iireakers  are  vi'ry  close  inside  and   to  tlie  wrsi 
ward  ol  her.     The  reel's  lie  Just  inside  the  line  ul  breakers  lo  the  east,  siuitli,  and  southwest,  iimsl 
of  the  locks  siiow  iiii;' at  low  tide.     It  is  a  daii^eionslodkiiiL;  plaee. 

Ihiihiijiort  I.ttiuVnuj. — ^-ix  and  twolhiicls  miles  north  one  decree  east  (X.  1'  Ivi  froiii  I'mul 
.Vreiia  Liulit  is  an  open,  exposed  landing:,  directly  faeiii^;  the  northwest  swell  ami  wind,  wiili  |\\m 
roeks,  one  Inindied  and  twenty  yards  apai  f.  outside  of  it.  The  northern  rock  lies  one  Imndreil 
yards  west  of  the  chute,  ami  the  southern  one  lies  uiie  hundred  and  ten  yards  south  of  ihc  -auic. 
I'rom  the  imithciii  roi  k  foul  bottom  inns  in  a  iiairovv  line  two  liiimlred  and  se\enl\  yaids  to  llie 
noitliwest  anion;;'  !lii'  kelp,  wliii'h  forms  a  small  patch  with  from  three  to  ei^ht  fathoms  ol  wahi. 
South  of  the  .soiitjiern  rock  is  another  small  jiaich  of  kelp  wMh  from  se\«'ii  to  three  fallioiiis,  with 
sunken  rock-,  on  the  shore  side  of  the  field. 

The  cl'ute  is  built  from  the  liiul,  land  one  hundred  \aids  inside  the  top  ot  the  elilfs,  ami 
]tas.ses  o\  'I  the  water  by  tiesiie  wi'ik  to  twn  small  locks  Iviii;;  nearly  one  hnndrid  yards  iVoin  llic 
shore;  tlieiice  b_\  the  apioii  of  lliecliiite  turned  sliaipl,\  to  the  southward  the  lUddiice  is  inn  !(■ 
the  \essel  moored  below  close  lo  ilie  rocks,  hoiible  tracks  are  laid  on  the  elinte  and  the  cais  .in' 
mo\  ed  by  wire  rope.  The  fiej^hl  wis  mostly  potatoes;  but  there  is  a  saw  mill  one  i|Uarier  ni  a 
!iiile  up  the  nuji'li  haviiiir  a  capacity  of  tweiil\  thousand  feel  of  lumber  per  day.  ami  about  lil'ici  11 
vc'ssi  is  annually  load  with  liimlier.  posts,  wood,  tan  bar.».  etc. 

■    !t  is  a  bad  place  to  lie  at.  allhou.^;h    there  are   four   ;;i)od   mooriiiL's.     N'essels  \  isil  it  oiil.\  in 
July,  .\ni;list.  and  Septemliel.  aim  llicy  eliar^i'  lii;;liel   tlci;;lits  tlial    I'loin  ao,\   other  landiii.;;. 

The  plateau  above  the  elilfs  111  lis  about  half  a  mile  inland,  then  tie  hills  ascend  rapid  I  \  liiii  Ici  11 
hniijireil  feet  within  another  liall  mile  to  the  Ibrest  line,  which  rses  to  eighteen  hiiiulied  ainl 
twenty  live  feet  a'  two  miles  from  the  shore. 

One  and  a  half  mih.s  norlhwi-stwaril  of  l!rid;;;epiu  t  riiiite  is  A'ci/  /.'//(/r,  two  hundreil  and  I'  n 
feel  ,ibo\e  tin'  sea  ;  and  one  and  a  ipiarter  miles  above  lit  d  ! '.1 11  If  I  here  is  a  »vii7,i/  /.v/i/,  one  liiimlii  d 
yaids  in  cMent  ami  ninety  three  feet  hi^li.  that  stands  lialf,i  mile  offshore;   it  marks  llie  posilioii 

of  i;ik   Crcc'k.  two  thirds  of  a   mile  iiorllnMsl   bv  lli'(M',.  b\   N.)  rmni  il.     There  is  a  small'i 

rock  two  huiidred  yards  to  the  south  of  this  one.    The  leiitalhiuii  eiiive  [>as.se8  close  around  lie 


"'^. 


PACIKIO   COA.ST    I'll.or. 


•>7n 


75 


,,iiisiili'  uf  tlii'sd  rocks.  Tlio  {^oognipliiciil  imsition  of  tin-  Iiiiycr  i.slt't  is  liititiidc  .'!!>''  O.V  UK'  nditli, 
i„iiuiiu.i.'  |j;p  i.-.'oi"  wpst. 

/  ih'lf  Mx'x  l.dtiilliiij  is  iiiiotluT  t'xposftl  jilaco  wiit-nco  arc  shipiicd  Iiiinlicr,  siiiii;;'i's,  |ii>sts,  tics, 
111,,  \\iim1,  iMii  liaik,i'ti'.  It  is  II i lie  ami  a  lialC  iiiiirs  luiidi  ten  (li'^iiccs  west  {N.  Id  W  .;  Irdiii  I'oiiit 
Ai.,i  l.i;;iil  Ikiiisc,  and  tivcsixliis  of  a  milt-  r.\actl\  north  of  I'',l!.  (,'rcck  Islci.  jiisi  inrntioiicd. 
i:iK  I  ick  t'Mi|iti<>s  out  oiu'-tliii'd  of  a  niilr  soiillicast  fi'oiii  tin-  iandinu,  and  has  a  .short  sand  hcach 
liitwr.ii  hi;;h  clilVs.  Thno  liiiinlri'd  ,\aids  ontsidc  the  ln'ach  is  a  ro('l<\  ish  t  scv chIn  Irct  iiii;li 
,iii(i  -MX  vards  in  i'xtcnt.  It  has  live  fathoms  of  walvr  (''..sc  outsidt^  of  it,  hut  vitv  (hinj;t'roiis 
^iiiiiiiil  inside. 

.\i  tilt'  huidinu:  a  narrow,  tn'ojcctin.y:  point  of  tin'  clilV  stit'lclu-s  out  (o  tlic  soulhucst  one  Inin- 
ihvil  \,i;dsaud  is  one  iiiindic(l  and  scNcnly  seven  feet  alio\e  the  sea.  T'oilwo  hnnilnd  and  fifty 
Mild-:  iliie  southwest  aiitl  west  lie  i;reat  roeiis,  and  iinmedialel_\  olV  tile  sontiieasi  |iail  of  tlie 
iiiijiil  , lie  small  roel>\  toiis.  lielween  these  two  sets  of  rotdis  there  is  a  spaec  (if  only  ei;;lil\live 
\,i;il-.  The  elitile  iiins  iioldiy  otf  liie  evtremity  (if  the  point  of  eli(V  lielween  lliese  rocks  in  a 
sii:ii!.^>  est  direetion,  and  is  very  pom  ly  pidteeted  liytlie  held  of  re 'Us  close  mi   the  nortlnvest. 

I'll, I  of  the  ehnte  is  one  hiimlied  and  forty  feel  liom  (he  clilf  o\cr  sixleiii   feet  of  water,  and 

I  he  III  lie  fat  hi;:;'  lino  lies  (ifty  \  ards  on  l  side.  A  mooi  iim  liiio,\  lies  in  sexm  l.il  limns  of  water  two 
iiiiii.lhil  and  lorlv  yaidssmiih  by  west  half  wesi  (S,  l.y  W.  \  \\.)  imni  the  end  of  ihr  chute,  arid 
siiiiiliiMsl  twi.  Ihiros  '  .(111  (Si;.:-  S.)  two  hiindied  .\aic|.s  Irmii  llie  oii!eiiiiosl  ruck.  .\  iiother  outer 
iii.iiii  iiii:  Imoy  has  lieeii  ailded  one  hundred  \.irds  lo  llii'  easiuaid  of  the  loniiei.  and  two  lireast- 
line  liiioys  are  fastened  to  the  rocks  on  eilhcr  side  of  the  clii;te.  ()ii'.\  onevessel  loaded  here  in 
IsS.l  :iiid  sex'eii  ill  ISSU' on  aeeonni  of  the  small  tleniaiid  I'm' I  les,  etc-. 

!  i.rie  was  a  eliute  one  third  of  a  mile  noithwest  of  I  ncle  Alie's  I.aiidiiif;,  lint  it  has  lieeii  torn 
il.iuii  ;i:id  the  landing  abaiuloned. 

>iitiiii(i>i)(l  Circl;  LiiniliHfj. — This  ]ilaee  is  one  and  a  half  miles  to  ihe  northwcsl  wai  I  of  liiele 
Alie's  L.indinu,  and  Tiree  ipiarters  of  a  mile  southeast  from  ('iille\s  Cove.  The  oiiieniiosl  rock 
.(liii'h  mirks  i'  '-  leii  and  three  lil'ths  miles  north  thirteen  ami  a  half  degrees  west  (N.  ]'.\\~  \\ ,) 
lieiii  I'niiil  Arena  Light  house.  Tlie  laia'.lng  is  not  at  (ireenwood  ( 'reek,  w  Iik'Ii  opens  upon  the 
slmie  1.1  leeward  of  three  great  rocky  islets  sticte!'  iig  out  oxer  onetlnrd  of  a  mile  west  li\  south 
W .  Ii\  S.)  from  a  one  liiimlred  and  forty  feet  high  cliiVof  the  slime,  liiit  to  the  iioiihuard  of  this 

III I   t-lels.     The  outermost  of  these   three   rocky  islets   is  on  '    liiiiidred    and   ei;^li!\   sards  long 

|..i-t  .lud  west  and  iiinelv  two  leet  lii^h,  with  a  ]ireeipiloii<  face  to  the  north.  Its  oiitir  point  lies  ^ 
live  M\ilis  of  a  mile  so  ilh  sixt.\  live  degrees  east  (S.  ti'i^  j].)  t'rmn  ("ove  Kock  at  ( 'iitlcv  s  Covi". 
I'lir  -i\iy  yards  west  of  this  outer  rock  tlierc^  are  rocks  ;  lio\e  water.  These  tlirt>e  rocky  islets  and 
!lie  iKitiil  iusiile  form  a  lee  Jigainst  southwct  swells.  ;iiid  ,i  long  wharf  h.is  lieeii  projeeied  from  the 
iii^li  I'lilf  po'iit  over  .sever:il  low  rocks  !o  the  nortli  side  of  the  inner  islet,  which  is  mic  hundred 
.111(1  twenty  seven  feel  high  and  uiie  hundred  and  se\ent,s  y;iiils  in  extent.  The  point  Is  one  hiiii 
ilieil  ;iimI  lolly  feet  high,  and  the  wharf  is  projecteil  Irm..  it  in  a  westerly  direction  ii\erllie  rocks 
!. >u. mis  I  he  first  lligh  islet,  sweeps  under  its  iiorlh  side  and  then  st  relehes  out  to  the  north,  the 
iliille  leaching  to  ten  feet  of  water,  where  a  vessel  would  lie  liroadside  on  uitii  iicr  laad  out  lo 
;lii'  wesiw.ird. 

lliis  little  basin  is  no!  over  two  hiimlred  and  tifiy  \ards  in  cMent.  with  leu  lo  twenty  feet  tif 
i.ltei  .11  il.  There  is  a  depth  of  eighteen  feel  lielween  llie  cliiile  and  I  he  reef  1\  llig  harely  t  «o 
liiiiiilieil  y.irds  to  the  nmlhucsl  of  it.  Outside  of  this  the  depth  increases  to  nine  and  ten  faili- 
"iiei  nil  llie  line  of  the  islets.  Tiie  nearest  lucdi  to  the  iiorlliv\esl  lies  nearly  si\  liiiiidrcd  yards 
llnill  tlie  outer  islet, 

iiiiifiir. — In  a]iproacliiiig  the  cov(>  from  the  soiitliwanl  a  \isilile  rock  till  .  yards  in  extent  lies 
'II''  tlii;d  of  a  mile  smilli  twenty  <legrees  west  (.S.  l'(i  W  .)  from  Ihe  oiiler  isln.  It  is  locally  known 
'■-  ^ll'e  Kock,  lieiii';  \  er,s  nearly  th.it  distance  souih  forty  ■tliicc  degrees  I ,  s|  (S.  I;;  '  V..)  liom  Cdxc 
Ki'i'l.  elf  t'ulfcs  I  'o\e.  A  simhi  II  iiiil,\  w  iih  only  one  fool  of  w.iicr  upon  it,  lies  three  eighth--  of  a 
"III"  M'litli  thirty  li\e  degrees  c.isl  (.S.  .{."i  '  I',.)  from  Mile  Kock,  half  a  mile  otf  shore,  and  a  lillle 
'1^(1  li\e  ci;;hths  of  a  mile  south  ten  degrees  east  (.>'<.  Id  !■'..'  Iroiii  the  miter  poiiit  "f  the  roiky 
■>!i'ts  iijV  (lie  Cieeiiwood  Chiiie.  Ii  has  tuehe  falhmiis  close  around  it  on  llie  nor;  h,  west,  and 
^'"illi.  hilt  ,\/,>urti<'ii/(il  iiiiL-  lies  lilly  yards  to  the  west  lioilliwest  (WNW.).  There  is  a  depth  of 
li'ii  liillionis  close  to  tliC!  easlwaid  of  the  latter  ilanger. 

Till'  railroad  comes  down  the  ri.nht  or  nortla  in  liaiik  of  (ireeinvood  Creek,  bringing  liimlier  lo 
Iliiscliiite  iiad  also  f(»  Cud'evs  Cove.  SelioonerH  with  auxiliary  steam-i»ower  load  at  thiMireeii- 
W'Kiil  Civek  elmte. 


•ii 


:H  M 


i  . 


'M 


-■6 


'f 


^A-    V 


i     - 


m 


!•' 


ml 


w;ili 


,ili<l  1 


dlllCI. 

I  iiiiii' 
1^  li.ii- 


(M>l  I 
III'  III! 
dl'  u;r 
fivl  ..I 
ruck  I 
I  well!  v 


-iili'iil 


(ill'I'llV 

111  Mil-  i 
Th 

llllllillr 
lIlU'i'  :i 
>lr.ilii  I 
alioill  I 


Mil'  I  SV( 
Sllllkc'll 
Ihr  \  i> 
r.llllMlii 

uir  sill) 
'>iii  ii.ii 

.iikI  .III 
In  'III'  I 

nil  Ivi  'i 

I'.oliva 

jiriiiniiii 

/■/( 

'■.i\r..i 


(/ 


iimI  ill' 

iiiiiii'il  I 

Till 

.It  I.iitli 


pacific;  coast  i'ii.mt. 


J77 


si  north  west  (WNW.)  tluMi'  is  iiiiotlii-r  fiuiiLrn  vock  with  louitwii  IW-t  of  wiitiT  n\w\\  it  iiiul  tci 


lallii'iiis 


to  tlie  fiistwaril. 


//,(,  inistnujc  III  the  Wild)/. — \'fss('Is  can  t'litrr  this  oiittT  cdvi' by  passing  close  under  (lie,  south 
siili'  .il'  llic  visil>ic  nicies  which  aio  Jiisl  outside  the  wcsicrii  ton;;nc,  canviu^^  ten  to  >i\  (a!lioins  of 
wiihi  lint  avoidiii;^  tiic  tivofcit  xuiikvn  rock  alrcaily  dcs('iihcd  as  iyin;;  in  tiic  cnliancc.  'I'iic  s|iii'c. 
1)1' ihr  iluiii'h  kept  o|)cn  to  tiic  west  ward  of  iiortii  Ity  west  (N.l)y  \V.)  \\  dl  cU'ar  lliis  mcii 


■/7/I'  jKtssihir 


to  Ihr  Clnilis. —  N'csscis  cntci'  IVoin  tlic  west  ward  l)ci  wccn  tin'  north  si(h' danijcrs 


;iimI  iIh'  sinitli  side  lcd;;t'.  Til  is  passa;;c  is  only  two  iinndicd  yards  in  width  and  its  i;<'ncral  direction 
is  iMiiilieast  Iiy  east  (Nl",.  liy  !•'.),  «""ivin;;'  ten  t'.ilhoins  ot'water  neail.\  up  to  IIm-  ontcr  iidtl clian- 
I  !,iiii\,  (Voin  which  liie  clinrcli  spire  liears  nortii  one  <piaitt  i  east  (N.  ',  {■'..<.     I'roni  lliis  huoy  the 


III 
niill-c  ii| 


ip  to  tiieclillles  is  liollhe.isl   liy  cas 


t  iiaii fast  (Ni:.  iiv  i;. .',  !■:  )  I 


)  lipr  one  siNlli  ol  a  mile, 


A  si  earn  schooner  ini,i;lil  inn  in  on  the  eastern  side  of'  tile  south  ledue  tlii'onuh  an  opening'  one 
liiiii'li'  d  anil  tweiitN  yards  wide  w  itii  live  to  nine  )''tlioiiis,  \\  iih  tlie  eli!icli  spire  heariii;,'  iioith  liy 
Hisi    N.  liy  \V-) ;  I'lit   it  is  a  risky  nndertakin;;.     She  could  iiioie  salel.s  eonie  out  by  this  openinj;. 

Till'  sjiire  of  the  church  in  t  he  \  ilia  je  is  a  j;i)im1  landmark  in  fair  weather. 

Ill  I  he  cove  I  here  is  room  for  four  or  li\  c  \  cm  Is  of  three  hundred  Ions  if  the  nioorinus  arc  in 
iinli'i.  Ill  winter  two  vessels  of  I  wo  iiundrcd  Ions  call  Ii(^  liere.  The  harbor  can  be  used  with 
iiiiii|i;iiali\e  safety  llirou^;hoiit  the  year;  bill  in  1SS,"(  the  chutes  were  reported  damaLicd.  There 
i>  luiolly  a  chance  I'oi'  savin;;  oi'  repairinv'  n  vessel  if  she  j^ets  ashore. 

The  chutes  are   localed   on  the    west  shore  of  the  co\e.     They   sti'elchoul  liomeasl  lo  soiith- 


I'.InI     IIOMl 


III    llie 


llieeas'crn  laie  el   the  inner  one  ol   the  I  luce  tongues  of  I. Mid  forininu'  Ihc   western  sido 


liarboi'.     W    the   inner  ami  siio;  ("st  clinic  lilithes;  up  I  he  co\  i- iheie 


Is  a  depth  of  ten  feet 


(if  «;iii  I,  with  the  three  falhoin  curve  ,sc\ ciily  li ve  _\ards  on i side.  The  in iddle  clinic  has  Ihirteen 
I'nl  111'  water  under  it  ;  the  three  fathom  line  is  aboiil  lifly  \  aids  onisidc.  bill  a  loin  feel  sniikcn 
rmk  lies  between  this  cliule  aiitl  the  outer  one,  and  nearer  the  lorimr.  The  outer  cliiiie  has 
iweiil.N  four  feet  of  water  under  il,  and  points  oiil  to  the  soiilheasi. 

Ilie  ••half  w  half"  <ir  clinic,  oil  the  west  side  of  the  three  tongues  of  land  r.trmiii.;  I  lie  weslern 
-uleef  llic  cove,  sli'ctchcs  out  soul h west wardly  lo  Iwcniy  four  feel  of  water,  with  si\  and  a  half 
lalliiiiiis  close  outside.     This  was  iiileiidcd  as  a  landiiii;  for  steanieis. 

I'liiinerly  ther«^  was  a  4'iiiite  localed  at  111.-  islet  which  is  half  \va>  between  this  cove  and 
(oil  iivMiod  Creek  Landing;.  Il  stretched  frmn  the  one  hundred  and  tliiriy  feel  clilf  over  the  water 
III  ;lie  islet,  which  is  ei^^hty  lour  fet't  above  the  sea. 

'\\\f  rilliiiir  (if  riilDj/.i  f  Vice  contains  li\  e   hundred    jicoplc  during  Ihe  biis\  season.     Over    one 


illrll  coasliii"'  \ 


esscis  loail  here  aiiiiuailv . 


The  saw  mill  Is  localed  on  <iir'  hwood  (reek,  aiioiit 


llllee   iiiil  a  half  miles  from  the  co\'t 


and  the   lumber  is  iinm;;lit    hillicr  li\ 


l\\  a\  Opel  ;ili  i|  liv 


SliMlll 


power.     The  line  is  located  aloiiLt  the  ;;('nei'al    line  of  the  clilf-  lo  ihe  inoiilli  of  the  cri 


iiliiHil  line  and  one  third  miles  lo  the  soulhcasl,  and  thence  up  I  he 


.ink  of  the  slieain. 


\-, 


11  Hirer  (iiul  l.oiiiliiiii. —  I'oll 


the  eoasi  from  <'ulle\  ■ 


i\esl  w  .iiil  I  lie  ( 


litVs 


;ue  l\Mi  hnndrcd  feet  hij;li,  very  broken,  bordered  b\  ;;rcal  numbers  ol 


isliu-    I  III 


ks   .llul     I. 


sill 


ikiii  ones,  to  Ihe  iiioiitli  of  the  N'axarro  i;i\-cr.     The  three  fathom  line  is  i'loHc 


the  edei'of 

tlic\isihle  rocks  and   is  marked  on  the  outside  by  ii  thin  fiiii.i;c  of  kelp  which   has  >:\  lu  eiiiht 
I'.illi'Hiis  close  lo  Ihe  (Hiler  cil^e.     The  ten  fathom  ciir\e  is  about  one  ipiarlcr  or  one  Ihii  ■!  of  ,i  mile 

nil 


nil    Mmrc. 


T' 


o  and  a  (piarler  iiillcs  norlhwes 


Iwaid  from  ('o\e   Ifoek  an   ii  regular  Icdue  in. ikes 


iiil  li.ilf  a  mile  fioiii   Saddle  I'oiiil  in  a   soiiihwcsl  direclion,  wilh   an  oiihr  ilii 


".'/'■ 


if  eleven  feel. 


.liiil  .111  inni  r  of  lift  ecu  feel,  liav  in;;  thirteen  fat  hums  bel  ween  them  and  ciulil  lo  leii  fallimim  hence 
III  Mie  Kelp  line.  There  is  twenty  fathoms  immiidi,itcly  outside  the  eleven  fool  rock,  upon  winch 
III'  ki  ip  Is  inai  ked.  This  is  one  of  the  daliners  in  approaching;'  N.ivaiio  Landing;  fioin  Ihesoiilh- 
iMshMiid.  Saddle  Point  is  a  local  iiaiiie  for  a  \eiv  sli;;lilly  jiiltin.u  pai!  of  Ihe  clilf,  which  li.is  no 
|i|iiiimieiicc  u  halex  er  oiilside  the  ;;eiieial  shore  line. 

I'hi  S'lirtirni  l.iniiliiiii  is  three  and  a  ipiarlcr  miles  northwest  waid  a  lie  i  'le  coasi  from  CiilVev  s 
'live, .111(1  seven  miles  soiitheasl  ward  from  Meinlocino  <'ii.\ .  It  I'cars  nuiiii  I  ueiiiy  one  and  a  hall 
■le-i res  west  (N.  L'M  '  \V.),  distant  foiirlecn  miles,  from   Point  Arena  Li;;lil  house. 

\iir(uro  llniil,  a  station  four  Imndred  and  eiyht  feet  hij;h,  on  the  iiorilnvesi  side  of  Ihe  river 
mil  iiisl  ill  from  the  shoie,  is  in  latitude  .'{!)'  II'  I.")"  norlh.  loii;;iliiile  l-.'«  IV  IS"  west,  as  deter- 
iiiiiinl  liy  the  C.  S.  Coast  and  (b'odctic  Survey. 

file  iiiosi  proiiijneiil  lamlmaiks  from  Navarro  Head  noilhward  are  Coombs  liarn  with  cup  . la 
It  1.1 1  lie  Kiver  Harbor  ;  thediaible  tank  and  Komaii  Catholic  church  sinre  at  Mendocino  Cily  ;  ihe 


»  :.  ' 


■  i'> 


m 


'btHii:.lkllJ 


278 


PACinC   COAST   riLOT. 


Mr 


m 


I 


diiiiip  of  trees  on  tlio  north  bank  of  tl?'^  IJoyo  Ancliora.m' ;  tlic  natiinil  cono  of  rocks  on  tlio  south 
bank  of  Solcbcrs  Uarbdr:  tlio  Kibi'sillali  ibiti'l,  ami  tlif  new  watiT-tank  aiiovo  Wtvstiiort. 

Tlu' iiiilcntatioi)  of  tin-  eoast-linc  at  Navarro  Kixci' is  very  small,  bnt  a^m/c/*  o/ >v<(7,-,s  abiu.. 
water  St rctflu's  out  tlircf  Immlii'd  and  lilty  \anls  soiilliwaiillv  irom  the  point  at  llic  west  side  oi' 
tlie  river  to  ten  fatlKniis,  and  Ibrms  a  soi  t  of  lee.  On  tlie  snnili  side  of  tli"  ai'proaelu's  there  is  onh 
one  small  {jronp  iif  mnihrn  reels  with  nine  'Vet  of  water  uimim  iliem  and  marked  by  a  breiker :  tin  i. 
is  a  depth  of  ten  fathoms  close  aronnd  them.  This  j;ionp  lies  sonth  half  cast  (S.  .\  E.)  se\'eii  Imn 
drcd  yards  iVom  the  derrick  on  the  end  ofthe  whai  I.  ( >n  the  west  side  of  the  approaches  lie  two  oi 
tlirec  rocks  above  water,  the  sonthcastemmost  bcinn' thicc  hnndred  and  fifty  yards  .sonth  thiri\ 
(lefjrecs  east  (S.  SO""  K.)  from  the  derrick,  ami  four  Inindied  and  lifly  yards  north  thirty  dc;;ree> 
west  (N.  ;UP  \V.)  from  the  south  breaker.  .V  dciith  of  ten  l'athoni>of  w;itcr  is  fbuml  between  these 
two  obstructions.     The  three  talh.ni  line  is  twohnmlred  xaidslrom  ihcsiion'. 

The  ynnin-i)  I^irir  is  a  small  stream  comiui:  in  fmm  the  cast  w.ird  tliiou;^h  ,\  channi-l  a! tout  oiii 
hnndred  yards  wide  for  the  last  mile.  Tlu'  mouth  is  eoniraeted  by  a  sand  jioint,  several  huiidiiil 
yarils  lonudU  the  south  .--ide.  and  reach  in;r  within  twenty  tiv  thirty  ya'ds  of  'u'  north  bin  If.  I'oi 
merly.  at  the  end  of  the  dry  season  tln^  iiuiutli  s(unctimes  became  close  1  by  the  ]ioint  of  saml  reach 
inji  across,  but  when  the  winter  'ains  licj,'an,  the  \olumeof  water  iii<!i'ca.sed  and  forced  the  passa;;.'. 
cxcc]>r  In  neccmber.  I><77.  This  (dosme  of  the  river  occurred  aboat  (bur  tinu's  in  ten  .\eais;  Imm 
since  the  Mill  ("om|ian.\constructed  a  sort  of  winji-dam  from  the  north  side  of  the  entrance  i.. 
rinnacle  Kock.  seventy-live  \ards  southeast w.ird,  the  seiuiriui'  is  ell'ective  and  th(-  river  is  run 
stantly  open. 

The  wh  ail  stretches  out  from  the  shore  Just  west  of  the  moeiii  of  the  ii\er  in  .1  s(mu1isouiIiui>i 
direction  for  two  hiiiidied  and  I  weiiiy  ,\ards  to  t  welve  and  thiileeii  feel  of  water.  It  is  alioiii 
twenty  feet  al)o\e  lii,i;li  water.  Scunelimes  in  the  winlei  season  the  saml  washes  from  the  ireaili 
and  round  tlie  wharf,  shoalinj;'  the  water  ;  iuit  such  shoalin.u'  is  oiil_\  temporary.  On  either  < m m  1 
at  the  extremity  of  the  wharf  there  is  a  derrick,  from  w  hicli  chutes  are  suspended  o\er  I  he  \  essels 
while  loadiii;;.  X'essels  are  not  moored  to  the  wharf,  but  to  moo.-inj^s,  so  as  to  lie  some  disiain  e 
ficmi  it.  Soiiictimes  they  are  obliged  to  liaul  out  at  low  tide.  l"i ft y  yards  outside  (he  whait'  thi- 
depth  is  three  fathoms,  and  thence  imreases  rapidly  to  ten   fathoms  at  three  hiindiei'   and   tiii\ 


yards.     Three  heavy  1 


noiuini:  in 


loys  are  jpl.K'ed  in  limn  se\  1  n   to  ei^ht   fallioms  <if  wat 


er    III    thr 


cove.     The  noithein  buoy  lies  one  hiiiMlred  \aids  isist  of  the  soiitliein  rock  of  the  j^roup  on  il 


north  side  of  tin 


from  the  etid  of  the  w  hail'  it  bears  south  thil  leeii  di 


distant   three  hiindred  \ar( 


The  second   bno\   bears  sout  li 


W.St  (S.  i;;    W 


I  nine  ile^ices  «'as 


t   (S.  !,->  K 


tlilee  liniiclred  and  thirty  yards  from  the  end  of  the  wli.iil:  ami  the  .son  1  hern  buoy  l)e.iis  soi::ii 
twenlythree  decrees  cast  (S. -.'.''  1'..)  distant  fouihiindied  ;,nd  lif.y  yards  from  the  same  pnim. 
This  laller  bmiy  lies  just  northwi  st  of  the  kelp  jiatcli  in  tlie  southeast  |>ai  I  of  the  cove.  'I'lie  In  -i 
two  Ibrm  a  bridle  niooiinj;.     N'esseis  jjanl  out  (o  either  of  tiieiii  to  jjct    mid 


el'  vva\    in   noiihwrsi 


winds,  but  the  iioithein  one  is  |pieleiieil.  In  sonllieasi  weather  thcystai't  from  the  third  liimv 
Tlieie  are  live  or  six  smaller  iiiooriii;;s  inside  of  these,  for  breast  lines,  etc.,  while  l.\inL;-  ai  IIm 
whaif.  Soinetimes  lai;:e  vessels  complete  their  caryoes  or  are  loaded  alto!,'elher  at  the  mooiiiii.- 
from  li-hteis  w  Inch  come  out  of  the  river,  directly  from  the  mill,  al  lii.;;h  tide.  The  mill  is  Inc.iti  il 
oiieipiaiter  of  a  niih'  from  the  mouth  of  Ihe  river,  and  the  lumber  is  moved  to  the  end  oi'  tin 
wharf  over  a  tramway. 


F(U' small  coasting' schooners  familiar  with  the  details  of  the  i)lace,  tins  is  a  iiioder; 
lllcl 


tel\    -iioi 


summer  auchorajje,  as  the  oiitlyin;^-  roc;ks  },'ive  some  )Uoleelion  troiii  the  mirllivvest  sui  II.     On  tin 


ajiproach  of  southeast  weather,  vessels  put  to  sea  if  possible.  alIliou;,di  I 
On  an  avc'ra;;e  lifly  vessels  load  here  dnrini;  liie  \eai    and  larrv  a 


11-  iiioiu'iny;.- 


are  11 


vva \  .ihoiit   SIN   million   In  t 


of  luniliei.     'Ihe  mill  shuts  down  about  November,  but  the  stock  on  hand  employs  vessels  all  tin 
year  in  uood  weather. 

OtT  Navarro  Head  the  ten  fathom  line  lies  close  under  the  roekv  islets  aloii.i:  theclills;  il,i 
tvventv  fathom  line  is  only  fcair  hundred  and  fitly  vards  olf 
and  tin;  (Iftyfathom  line  two  miles  olf  sluue. 


hore;   the  t  hill  v  fathom  line  luir  in 


Loy;s,  and  any  material  carried  seaward  from  the  Navarro  Kiver.  are  found  to  the  nort 


mi  si 


ward,  moved  thither  liv  the  iiishme  eddvc 


urrent. 


The  rilltnir  ,,/  Xiiriirri)  lies  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  inside  (he  moiKh  of  (he  river,  011  II 


le  sout  II   el 


left  bank,  and  a  tiiie  truss  bridge  is  built  across  the  river  licre  to  accomimidate  the  ord  aarv  I  iii'l 
(ravel.  The  postonice  and  several  other  buildiiifjs  are  on  the  rid;;i!  on  the  north  side  of  the  river, 
and  known  as  Navario  Kidjre. 


«aii 
/■' 

li:: 


lllll  I 
a  II' 
III  1 

liiea 
sill. 

is<', 

Ul-  I 

IMi  ! 

.'in 

PACIFIC   COAST   PILOT. 


279 


-?  m 


W  hUeshoro. — Tliis  is  the  liuidii);,  Ibrmorly  known  as  Salmon  Crock,  This  sfroinn  opens  at  tlio 
li,  .111  "{'  a  small  cove  Cat'ln;,' (liri'ctl.v  to  tli«  west-iioitliwcst  about  one  and  a  iialf  miles  iioit invest- 
wiHJ  ailing' tlio  eiiast  iVom  Navaiio  Kiver,  and  nearly  a  mile  soiilli  of  llie  All)iiMi  Uiver.  Salmon 
i,.''iil  IS  the  tieeh'ss  elill',  one  hundred  and  li\e  to  two  hue.lred  feel  hij;li,  wlieie  tlie  eoasllino 
liiiiis  Miildenly  to  the  east  lor  one  (inailer  of  a  mile  to  the  moutli  of  tlie  ereejv.  From  tlie  i)oint  a 
iliiniicMiiis  reef  si  ret  elies  four  hundred  ami  twenl\  live  yards  to  the  west  norlli\vi'.>|,>,villi  I  wo  patches 
III  \  I'-ililc  roi'lis.  The  slioi'c  insi(h>  the  j..iinl  consists  of  rocky  clills,  lioidered  liy  low  ro<  ks  anil  orio 
Mii.ill  KM  ky  islet  forty-one  feet  hij;h.  From  the  hlnlfs  on  the  west  shore,  the  land  liscs  to  a  hare. 
Ijilliii  k,  I'linr  hniidied  and  lil'teen  feet  \\\'^\\,  one  mile  southeast  of  llie  point,  with  low  tiees  lo  the 
iitntliucst.  The  north  point  ol'  the  cove,  one  hnndretl  and  sevcniy  aine  feet  hiuli,  is  two  thirds  of 
ii  Ml  !r  liistant  from  Salmon  I'o.nt,  and  forms  Hie  soiilheasi  point  of  ihc  Alhioii  I'ivcr.  The  iiead 
of  ilie  cove  is  sevt'ii  hundred  yaids  eastiKUlheast  from  the  point,  and  is  only  two  hiiiidn  il  yards 
lii'iMii  iMirlh  and  south.  The  approaches  arc  marked  liy  lines  of  lircakcis  on  tlie  iioitii  and  south 
.silks.  The  outer  liieakers  ai,-  '  hreeipiarters  of  a  in  ih' from  the  wharf,  and  the  ;;cncral  conr.^e  in 
is  <  .1-1  southeast  (FSF.). 

I'licre  is  a  sand  beach  at  the  heail  of  Whilesboio  ('o\e  with  rocky  slioie  to  the  iiorlh  noith- 
woi.  .\ciiiss  this  bcai-li  is  built  a  wharf  one  hundred  and  si\ly  yards  Imin'  and  widening'  to 
l\Miii\  ,\aids  at  the  outer  end,  « iiere  it  is  lliiii\  feel  above  lii;:li  water.  Three  derricks  are 
ciiriiil  at  the  end  of  the  wharf,  and  from  each  i;  cliil.e  is  suspeiided  to  carry  the  liiiiiber  to  tlio 
\cs>i  1-  wliiie  loading;.  There  is  a  depth  of  twelve  feet  at  the  end  of  the  wharf  and  under  the, 
cjiiili  >.  Three  heavy  iiioorin;;buo\s  are  ilaced  in  three  to  fnt'  faliioius  nearly  across  the  cove. 
nliiiii'  iiiiiih  of  the  sontheru  point  of  the  mainland,  and  inside  the  sunken  rocks,  w  Inch  arc  \  isible 
al  ixiiiiiie  low  tide  and  lie  under  the  south  shore.  Outside  of  these  bno>s,  and  between  the  outer 
iimtli  and  s(Uilh  breakers  that  show  in  heavy  weather,  is  laid  a  heavy  mooiiny;  buoy  in  nine 
t'ailii)i:is.  beariiif;  aiiont  west  by  north  half  noith  (\V.  Ity  N.  \  .\.)  from  the  wharf.  Ii  lies  about 
tvMi  liiilis  of  a  mile  <nitside  of  the  ("ove  buoys.     Iletween  this  outer  inooiiii;,'  and  the  inner  buovs 


;licr  moorini;  buoy  iii  ten  and  a  hah  fathoms. 
•  liliilf  shore  on    the  north  side  of  the  eo\  e 


juaidcd   b\  nuiiieroiis  onth  in  '  ruck 


d 


ii)i>  III  a  ;^eiicral   north  northwest    dire(Mi(Ui  for  two-thirds  of  a  mile,  forming;  the  south   point  of 


li 


II'  iiiliaiire 


to  .Mb 


li 


i\  er  ( 'ove, 


\\  liilcsliiiro  Tove  is  reported   to  be  a  fair  summer  anclioia;;c,  and    il  is  sail 


1  tol 


le  (Hie  of  th(^ 


lii^'  \' ie;er  ancli(ua;4es  because  a  vessel  can  lea\eii  with  a  southerl\  wind  if  the  water  is  smooth, 
iir  «\  i!  Il  the  laiul  brcc/e  w  Inch  is  said  to  be  Ircijiicnt  in  winter.  One  liiiiidrcd  and  tliiit.\  \esseis 
li.n  I' lii.iiled  liei'i^  in  out- year.  The  Inniber  comes  bv  rail  Irotn  two  mills:  one  about  (Uieipiarter 
111'  .1  nile  from  the  wharf,  and  a  smaller  one  about  ei;;hl  miles  further  up  llii^  streani.  The 
(•iia.--iiii.y:  steamer  makes  i('i,'iilar  trips  lo  this  place. 

I'lie  l.ititude  of  SalriKUi  l''iiiit  is  .'ill  ^  1:2'  17".     Two  mites  outside  the  iioini  the  depth  of  water 
it,  iiii>\  ci;^ht  fathoms,  and  a  I  om^  mile  il  is  thii'U  lour  fathoms. 


1  ,'/>/i. 


/•• 


(•(■»■. — Two  miles  n.u  tli'iiorthwesi  of  Navarro   Head,  and  sixteen  and   a  half  miles 


iiHiil   iiiiiiliwcsl  (NN'W.)  iroiii  I'oiiil    .\reiia,  is  the  rock  bound  cove  al  the  entrance  to  ilie  .Mliimi 


file  I  i\  (T  is  a   small  sin 


am,  avciajiiii};  on 


d   \ards  in    width  hu' a  mile  or  t  wi 


liiiwiiii  sleep  banks  rniiiiiii;,'  ii)  lo  three  hundred  In  I  and  moderately  well  wooded.  It  iivvcr 
licciHiics  dry  at  the  mout  h,  but  has  only  eighteen  inches  of  water  on  the  bar  a  I  the  lowest  sta  ;t'S. 
I  lie  iiniiiediale  eoast-iiiie  is  formed  of  hijjh  elilVs,  broken  aivi  irrcjiidar,  bare  of  trees  for  half  a 
mile  li.nk,  and  bordered  by  inniimeralile  rocks.  The  south  poiiit  "f  the  apiuoaches  is  the  in)rlli 
liiMiil  iif  S.ilmon  Cieek  Cove;  it  is  one  liiindrcd  iuid  .sevcnty-nin  .'el  lii^;li,  bare  oi'  trees,  ami 
i;iiaiiliil  by  an  ouHxin^  r<'ef  with  visible  rocks  for  four  hundred  and  forty  yards  to  the  westward. 
Tlie  iiiiitliwest  iioint  is  a  locky  islet  ei;jlity  feet  hi;;li,  close  oil' a  point  of  t  lie  same  ele\  al  ion  ;  both 
.nv  il  II  and  treeless.  The  outer  e.xti'emity  of  the  northern  islet  bears  north  foil.\  live  de;riees  west 
!.V.  Il  \\'.)  ei;;lit  hiindiccl  yards  from  the  siuithern  point.  The  cove  is  about  >i\  linndied  yards 
null  I  rtweeii  the  nearest  projcetioiis  of  the  points,  and  coiitiacts  looiie  hnudred  and  tliirlv  yards 
"iir  i|ii.iiiir  of  a  mile  I'nither  in,  wheie  there  is  a  slight  expansion  forniin;;-  a  small  basin  about  twt» 
liiiiiilncl  and  twenty  yards  in  diameter,  with   clilVs  one  iinndied  and   liftv   feet   iii-li  oa  the  north 


■Mill  soiitii,  and  a  low  |ioint  ai  the  month  of  the  liver  on  the  east.  The  S(Miiidint;s  in  this  outer 
:iiiiliniay;e  are  seven  to  eif,'lil  fathoms  over  irre^jular  bottom.  The  ehannel  is  close  under  the 
iiiiiili  rocks,  as  llieie  is  shoal  y:round  efl'  the  south  point.  The  leadin.u-in  raiiye  to  clear  the 
IniaKeisiin  the  north  point  and  the  shoal  j;round  olf  the  .south  iioint,  is  I'innaele  Kock  in  ran^o 


'''■  4 


J'ACKIC    COAST    riLOT. 

\vitli  (lie  saw  iiiill  sinokf  .sliU'U.     riiuuu'lc  Hock  is  alioiit  Iwi'iity  ffct  lii;;li  iiiid  lies  clo.sc  iimii  i 
the  son  III  .slioroof  the  enve  a  little  «iiitsi«le  (if  the  inontli  of  t  lie  river.     It  is  readily  tlistiiiy;iiislie(l. 
At  till'  lliinat  leailiiiu  in  to  the  inner  cove  there  is  a  loeky  islet  known  as  the  Miioiiii^'  l.'oeU, 
li  on  the  iKiiili  side,  aiiinnd  which  a  niooiint;  I'liain  is  passed.     Schooners  entciclnse 


PACIFIC   COAST    ril.OT. 


2K1 


I'miii  till'  north  limit  of  tliu  siviul  licacli  iit  tlu'  licad  nl  tlic  covo,  wlicrc  tlic  diflf'  is  sixt.v  (fct 
lii.  Ii.  a  clmli'  lias  Iwon  thrown  out  sixty  yards  In  i-  southwrsl  liy  sonth  (lin<'tion;  and  one  liiin- 
iliiil  vards  wc-stsontliwost  from  tlu' ciiiiti' tliiTc  is  piact'd  a  nioorinfi-lnioy  in  four  faliiorns  of  water. 
|',ii:  mastiti};  si'lioont-rs  must  warj*  out  I'rom  this  Inioy  to  tlic  outside  visible  rock,  usin;;  a  line  of 
Ihi.,  Inindred  and  tifty  fathoms,  and  carry  water  from  four  to  six  fathoms;  or  they  are  towed 
,,ii!  ii\  the  tuj;  from  Albion  iJlver. 

Ilie  elinte  was  out  of  epair  in  1SS,'{,  ami  (Uily  two  vessels  loaded  there  in  1SS2  and  none  in 
|N>  ;.  It  was  not  amou};  tne  aetivo  landings  in  ISSo.  Tim  forests  aecessible  to  the  eovu  are  almost 
(■\li  Misted. 

riic  outer  visible  rock  olV  the  cove  is  in  latitude  .'(!)"'  1 1'  'SV. 

1  he  depth  of  water  outside  tiie  cove  is  ten  fathoms  with  irrcjfular  bottom  at  half  a  mile; 
ih  i:\  tour  fathoms  at  oiiemilo,  rejjular  bottom  ;  forty  six  fathoms  at  two  miles,  character  of  bottom 

lirl  -lilted. 

Slillinll  I'oiiit  is  a  bold,  pointed  clilV,  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet  liiKli,  one  mile  r.orthward 
nt  I'.i;:  (iideh  and  one  and  oiu^ciuarter  miles  southward  of  LitMe  Ifiver  Ilaibcu-.  It  h  is  a  rocky 
i>lii.  two  liundied  and  tifty  by  eleven  hiimlred  yards  in  exleiil  and  one  hundred  ami  forty  feet 
liiL;li,  close  on  its  northwest  side, 

I'ullii/  AVf;/' is  the  name  given  to  some  sunken  rocks  with  breakers  lying  off  Stillwell  Point. 
I'liiiii  ilie  extremity  of  the  rocky  islet  olf  the  point,  the  soiithwes,  breaker  lies  very  nearly  half  a 
iMilc  -.iiiit'i  thirty  four  degrees  we-st  (S.  liV^  W.) ;  and  the  northern  ;>ne,  with  six  feet  of  water  on 
ii.  In-  \ery  nearly  half  a  mile  south  seventy-four  degrees  west  (S.  7»^  W .)  from  the  .same  point. 
I'diii  liiiiidred  yards  inside  of  the  northern  breaker,  lies  another  bieaki-r  with  tour  to  nine  feet  of 
vMilii.  lietweeii  these  three  breakers,  and  on  the  shore  side  of  theiii,  there  is  plenty  of  water; 
si\tii  to  fifteen  fathoms  close  to  tlit^  two  outer  ones,  and  ten  fathoiii>  near  the  inner  one.  The 
iiiiiii  iiieaUers  are  on  the  general  line  of  the  twcntyt'atliom  curve.  A<  one  mile  fioin  the  [)oinL 
till' ili'ptli  of  water  is  thirty-five  fathoins,  and  at  two  miles  forty  nine  fathoms. 

file  latitude  of  the  rocky  islet  olV  Stillwell  I'oint  Is  ,i!»J  \:>'  PJ"  nortli. 

I.illlc  Rircr  Harbor. — This  cove  is  formed  by  the  shore  line  from  the  south  making  out  nearly 
iiiill  ,1  mile  to  the  west-southwest  (\VS\V.),  and  then  continuing  itsgc'ieial  trend  to  the  iKU'th- 
Westward.  The  western  point  of  this  indentation  of  liie  coast  line  lies  two  miles  -ionth  of  .Mendo- 
liiiiv  Hay,  and  iiiiieteeii  and  one-tpiarter  miles  north  twenty-live  degrees  west  (X.  i',")^  \V.)  from 
I'lDiil  Arena  Lighthouse. 

I'lilweeii  Navarro  Head,  four  miles  to  the  southward,  and  this  place,  the  high,  jagged  coast- 
line i>  hoidered  by  numerous  rocks  above  water  and  by  some  sunken  rocks  over  half  a  mile  off 
slimc  Onehalf  mile  west  of  the  .southwest  point  of  Salmon  ("reek  Cove  lies  one  sucl  danger 
(SIC  .Siiliiion  Creek  Cove  or  Whitesboro) ;  and  one  and  a  half  miles  soiiili  souiheasi  (SSi;.|  Irom 
liif  «est  point  of  Little  Kiver  Harbor,  or  south  tifty  (h'grees  west  (ii.  T)!!'  \V.)  nine  hiii.died  and 
seventy  yards,  and  south  seventy-four  degrt-es  west  (S.  71  '  \V.)  nine  hundred  yanls  from  Stillwell 
I'lMiil.  he  the  tiro  sunhru  nwkn,  over  half  a  mile  from  .shore,  forming  part  of  Colby  b'tcf.  Coasting 
Vessels,  lioniid  for  Little  Kiver  Harbor  orelsewhere  in  this  \icinity  and  woiking  northward  against 
tlie  siiiiiiner  winds,  must  keej*  a  sharp  lookout  for  these  outlying  dang"'N,  especially  in  thick  ami 
iii;;t:y  weather. 

At  Little  Hiicr  Harbor  the  north  shore  is  bluff,  very  irregular,  broken,  ami  bordered  by 
riieli>;  its  genera!  treiitl  is  nearly  east  northeast  and  uest-southwest  lor  about  ei;;lii  imiidred 
,\.uils.  The  eastern  shore  is  bordered  by  a  sand  bcac'.i  '.or  one  third  of  a  mile,  and  a  small  stiearii 
el.iii>  tlirough  this  beach.  Previous  to  the  erction  of  ;he  mill  at  tiiis  place,  the  nmiith  of  the 
rnei  dosed  in  the  dry  season ;  but  the  .Mill  Company  built  a  tidal  reservoir  alxuil  three  hnndretl 
y.ml-  Horn  the  mouth  of  the  stream,  and  by  o;casionally  opening  the  gates  the  ciiannel  over  the 
li;i:  IS  kept  dear.  The  river  is  about  one  hundred  yards  witle  for  five  hundred  yards.  On  either 
siili'  nt  this  beach  the  bluffs  lise  to  about  sixty  feet  elevation. 

fill'  northwest  clifJis  only  sixty  to  one  limidred  feet  above  the  sea.  and  the  mesa  behind  it  is 
tin  le>s  tor  more  than  half  a  mile  insiiore,  when  tlie  land  begins  to  rise  and  the  ridge  is  pine  cov- 
en il.  The  clifV«  are  bordered  by  a  compact  line  of  visibh-  rocks,  reaching  out  seventy  live  yards ; 
lii;t  111  outer  rock,  small  in  exteni,  lies  three  hundred  ,\aids  .southward  from  the  point,  witii  a 
|"ii.i'  11  I  field  of  kelp  extending  from  the  northern  .shoie  toembiace  this  rock.  This  rock  is  visible 
^it  iill  times,  but  the  seas  wash  over  it.  Breakers  marking  sunken  rocks  extend  seventy-live  yards 
(mtsidc  of  this  rock. 


-i!:'        if 


h  i^ 


I 


:^»Jl 


-ft 

^  tm 

W{ 

\  . 

1  .■' 

2H2 


PACIFIC    COAST    ril.oT. 


>^   i 


f 


Tlio  .soiitlioasti'rmnost  part  of  the  cove  has  lii;;li  liliilV  slioros  with  a  hcacli  exposed  al  l.m 
water  and  outl.viii};  roeks  to  the  six-feet  eiiive.  The  cove  is  inotected  fimii  the  \vesii'il\  mni 
siintli\ve.-»t('ri.v  swell  iiiaiidy  liy  an  ('xteiided  line  of  low  rocks  above  water,  reacliin;;  mailv  liuli 
a  mill'  t'ldiii  the  eastern  shore,  and  rou;;hl.\  paiallel  with  the  northern  sImuc.  'I'liis  line  ol  n  <'K.s 
obstrni'is  the  jiassaj;*'  into  the  cove,  and  is  endiraeed  ii.v  a  liehlolkeip  wiiieh  reaches  fusiuaiil 
over  ei^;iit  latliorns  ol  water  to  a  lai-;,'e  rocky  islet,  two  hundreil  and  forty  \aiils  in  extent  iiinl 
more  llian  sixty  teet  hi;;h.  lyin;;'  nearly  three  hnndred  yards  sonlhwest  tioni  tlie  sonthern  poim  ,,\ 
the  cove.  The  sontiiwestern  point  of  tiiis  re.f  is  fonr  inindred  and  si'Venty  yards  south  lili\ 
dej;rees  east  (S.  olP  10.)  IVoni  the  outermost  rock  otf  the  northwest  point  of  the  cove,  ainl  ii 
iioiihern  extit'inity  is  six  hundred  yards  north  liftyseveii  derives  ea.st  (N.  .">7^  I).)  from  the  s.iin. 
point,  thus  almost  (iM-rlappinn  the  rocks  reachin;;  out  trom  the  northwest  point. 

r>et  ween  this  southern  tield  of  kelp  and  the  one  surronialinj;  the  rocks  otf  the  northwest  |m>iii| 
is  the  passMjic  wa.\  to  the  cove.  The  width  at  the  outer  entrance  is  nearl.v  four  hundred  \, ml- 
hetweeii  the  three-fathom  liiu's.  and  two  hundred  yards  lu'twecn  the  ten  t'athoMi  lines,  with  sixteen 
fathoiiis  of  water  in  the  dee|ic>t  part.  This  passa;;i'-way  has  a  j^cneial  direction  iiorth-nortlicMNt 
(NNIC.)  to  the  sixty-feet  elitf  from  the  noitheast  side  of  which  projects  the  northwest  chute.  ;iii<| 
which  forms  the  inner  northwest  |ioint  of  the  harbor.  The  suinmcr  w inds  are  fair  for  eiiterin;; aij<l 
lea\intJ  by  this  ])assaj;e.  Noith  and  east  of  this  inner  point  of  blulf  is  the  deepest  iiart  ol  lln' 
indented  shore  line,  and  when  a  \ cssel  is  well  in  the  cove  it  seems  almost  land-locked.  Ilul  in 
apitroachiiii:  this  iiine;  |ioint  there  are  tiro  smihrn  cocA.v  with  nine  and  a  (piarter  and  liltcen  feel  oi 
water  upon  them  a  lilde  to  the  north  side  of  mid  channel.  They  liaxe  four  and  a  half  o  seven 
fathoms  close  around  them.  'I'lie  nine  and  a  (iiiarter  tcel  rock  lies  one  hundred  and  lill\  yariK 
south  twenty  devices  west  (.S.  L'ti^  \V.)  from  the  inner  point ;  and  the  tiftet'U-feet  rock  liess>'VeiiI\ 
live  vaitls  south  fiom  the  same  point. 

The  co\e  is  repiuled  to  be  a  ;.;()od  anehoraj;e  in  any  wind  from  southeast  round  by  the  souili 
and  west  to  norlhwest.  ;ind  lour  vessels  can  lie  at  the  niooi  iiius  in  a  sl(Min ;  the  dan;;er  is  in  eiiiei 
iii;^  and  lea\iiiu.  The  covt' is  open  only  to  the  south  southwest,  with  the  lines  of  rocks  on  Imili 
.«ides  out  lo  the  entrance,  which  has  plenty  of  water  as  iibovc  described.  Nessels  must  ker-i 
clo.se  nmlei  the  northwestern  shore  with  a  northwest  wind,  avoiding'  the  sunken  rocks  iiieiiti<iiie>l 
abo\  1'. 

Till  re  ate  t  \M>  chutes  and  a  wharf  in  this  co\e.  The  wliarl  is  one  huinlrcd  and  ten  .\,iiiN 
liMii;,  widened  at  t he  oilier  end,  and  is  built  out  in  a  >oiilh  southwest  direction  from  the  ehll  mi 
the  northwest  side  of  the  sand  beach  at  the  mouth  of  Ilu-  river.  There  is  a  depth  of  ten  leei  ni 
water  at  its  outer  end  and  a  ;^ood  liejich  on  each  side  of  it.  The  outer  end  of  the  w  Inirf  is  distini 
one  huiidied  and  titty  yards  fnmi  the  eiul  of  the  northwest  chute,  with  a  depth  ot  about  liiueii 
feet  of  water  between  them.  I'roin  the  eastern  aii};le  of  thi'  sixty  feet  elitf  Ibrmiii;;  the  we>iein 
side  ■if  the  inner  part  ol'  the  cove  the  northwest  chute  has  been  projected  towards  the  eastnoitlieasi 
o\er  sixteen  feet  of  water  with  tbiir  fathoms  close  outside.  .\  vessel  lies  broadside  on  to  this  elinie, 
heailiii-  Miiitliwaid,  and  moored  by  six  liic's.  In  the  southeast  part  of  the  cove,  lour  liiiihlii.l 
and  seventy  live  ,\ards  south  sixty  six  dej;rees  east  (S.  (!ti  I',.)  from  the  northwest  chute,  ilieie  <- 
a  new  chute,  sixty  \anls  outside  the  toily  feet  elill  and  pointing  towards  tin-  northwest  chute,  v\  it li 
rocks  not  tar  distant  on  either  hand.  There  is  twelve  feet  ol  water  under  this  chute.  V 
broadside  to  il,  heauliij;  to  the  .south.  The  stern-line  is  carried  to  a  chain  fastened 
the  elitf. 


essels  lie 
lo  a    \\'r  on 


There  are  now  six  iiiooiiiifx-biioys  lyiiij;  in  from  four  to  tive  fathoms  of  water  soiiilieasi    In 


the   iiortliwest    ehute  and   inside  the  kelp  lield.     The  farthest    is  unuc  than  half-way  loua 
.southeast  chute,  but  somewhat  to  the  westward  of  the  line. 


|.|-  lln 


In  h 


avinu  this  :inehora;;e  vessels  must  be  sure  before  startin;;  that   there  is  wind  eiioii:;li   d 


carry  them  out  beyond  the  rocks.      It   frecpieiitly  dies  out  under  the  north  head,  and  ve.ss(  K  ai''  iti 
daii;:ei  of  diil'iia;^  on  the  rocks  smith  of  it, 


'I'he  twenivlathom  line  of  soiiiidin;:s  lies  luilv  two  hnndred  and   liflv  \  aids  oiitsidi-  II 


lield    olf    Liilje    lliver    Hal 


MU'.     At  one  mile  westward  of  tlie  outer  rock  otf  the   niuili  lnai 


I.  Ih. 


■pth  ot 


waler  IS  tbrl.v  two  fathoms,  and  al  two  miles  it  is  liltv-two  fatlnuns. 


The  biiiiber  loaded  here  is  cut  at  the  mill  on  the  scuitli  side  of  the   Fiittle   |{iver,  and  tiom 
.second    mill    in    .Slidwell   (inlch,  whence   it    is   broii-lit   by  tramway  to  the  southeast  cliiil<'.      I'" 

mills  run  onlv m  siii i-r,  Imt  ves.sels  load  al  all  seasons.     On  an  averajje  fifty  ves.sels  loail  Inn 

iiiinually.     The  (oaslin^r  .steamers  make  lemilar  trips  to  this  place. 


m 


I'ACIKIC   COAST   PILOT. 


283 


MENDOCINO  BAY. 

,\  l)roa<l  riHiiiR  tabic  liuul  lies  bptwoon  I.iltic  IJivcr  Iliulmr  aiul  Mpiidncinn  Hay.  It  is  ono 
mill  our  i|iiiirtrr  miles  Ion;;  by  lliifc  (|iiiiitt'i'.s  (if  a  iriilc  wiiic.  lis  sciiwiinl  I'licc,  wliicli  is  lnokt'ii 
:iiii|  lidiili'icd  l>,v  Ki'<'at  nmnlKTS  of  low  locks,  is  ttiily  forty  to  sixty  feet  lii;;li.  'I'lic  foii'sl  hc^jins  a 
iiiilr  iiioic  lliati  half  .1  inilc  insiiic  tlii'  short'  and  at  two  iinndrcd  ft-i't  above  the  sea.  The  hills 
iJM' ri';;iiliiil.\  behind  this  to  one  thousand  and  sixty  two  feet  devatioii  at  (ireat  raspar  Station, 
«lii(!i  is  liMir  miles  iniitlieast  (NIO.)  IVom  the  town  of  MeiHlociiu). 

Tlic  iinithwest  jioint  of  Mendocino  May  lies  twenty  ont^  miles  north  twenty-tive  de;;rt'es  west 
(N.L'">'  \N.)  from  Point  Arena  Li;;ht  house  anti  four  and  onetiinirter  miles  in)rtliwestward  from 
Ali'iiiii  l'i\t'i-.  It  is  an  iri'i'^iular,  broken  elitV,  about  sixty  feet  hi;;h,  bonleied  by  numerous  rocks. 
Tlir  whole  area  of  the  point  is  about  half  a  mile  iu>rtliwest  and  soutbeast,  and  extends  eastwaid 
iiiMilv  a  mile  to  the  forest. 

Tiic  south  point  of  the  b  ly  lies  ono  thousand  and  titty  yards  south  tliirty-threo  degrees  east 
(S.  .i  P  1;.)  from  the  northwest  point.  It  is  a  ra;,';;ed,  irre;:ular  elitV,  about  one  liuncbed  feet  high, 
liiHil'icd  liy  many  low  rocks,  with  a  short  reef  extending;'  one  hundred  and  tiftv  yards  towards  the 
iKUiliwcst  point.  There  are  lu)  large  trees  upon  it,  but  some  siTult  on  the  northern  part.  Within 
tliK  r  hundred  yards  baek  from  the  point  it  rises  into  a  knoll  one  huiulred  and  tifly  six  feet  abovo 

The  bay  is  about  half  a  mile  deep  towards  the  oast  from  the  line  Joining  the  approaches  ontsido 
ihc  iioithwest  ami  .southeast  points.  The  eastern  sln)re  is  rocky,  with  high  clitls  clothed  with 
(■iiii-idiTable  wood.  The  h'io  (h(in<lv  ov  liitj  h'ivcr  enters  the  northeast  anglt;  of  the  bay,  and  is 
I;,. ill  line  hiiiulred  to  two  hundred  yaids  widt!  between  the  high,  wooded  banks.  The  mouth  is 
:i|\\,i\s  iiiaiked  by  breakers.  There  is  a  cau.seway  built  on  piles  across  the  stream  just  above  tho 
iniMiili.     This  river  is  never  closed. 

.\i  the  southeast  angle  of  the  bay  is  a  shoal  pocket  with  bluIVs  one  hundred  feet  above  the 
u.iii  I,  and  the  base  bordered  b\  a  sand  beach  u|(on  which  the  northwest  swell  rolls  siinareon.  In 
ilii' ciiii'.ince  to  the  bay,  midway  between  the  northwest  and  s(aitheast  points,  but  a  little  outside 
ihi'  line  loining  them,  there  is  a  xlmtil  riicki/  piilrli  nearly  two  hundred  yards  in  extent  within  the 
till  i.itliiini  line.  This  ledge  has  as  little  as  three  and  a  half  fathoms  njion  it,  with  deep  water 
aininul  it  except  to  the  southeast,  where  a  bin'  of  six  fathom  soundings  runs  to  tin-  point.  The 
ilr, 11  passage-way  between  the  bleaker  on  this  h'dge  and  the  ncari'st  [)oiiit  to  the  northward  is 
mil'  iinarler  of  a  mile  in  width,  with  deptiis  n  aching  to  eleven  and  a  half  fathoms  of  water  (kver 
iii(l>\  holtoiii.  Ibit  a  shoal  spot,  with  only  eight  fet'Lof  water  upon  it,  will  be  fomnl  Just  inside 
III.'  iioiihcrn  point  when  the  southernmost  edge  of  the  bliitf  bears  southwest  by  west  (SW.  by  \N'.), 
lli^•alll  one  hundred  and  twentytive  yards;  ami  the  (uiter  end  of  tho  neare.st  chute  bears  1101  ill- 
VW-;  \>\  west  (NW.  by  \V.),  distant  al>oiit  sixly  yards.  Close  around  this  eight  foot  spot  there  is 
ii\ii  three  fathoms,  except  for  a  short  distance  towards  the  chute. 

Tlironghont  the  bay  the  bottom  is  hard,  and  in  places  rocky,  but  the  depth  of  water  is  good, 
laii^iii'.;  I'roiu  three  fathoms  close  under  the  shores,  except  at  the  month  of  the  river,  to  twelve 
I  illniiiis  across  the  l)ay  in  the  line  of  the  three  and  a  half  I'atiiiMii  breaker.  Outside  the  heads  the 
till  latliiiin  curve  lies  only  one  hundred  yards  off  the  north  rocks,  and  one  linndred  and  titty  ,\iirds 
•  ■ll  ihc  south  rocks;  the  twenty  latlioin  curve  is  less  than  half  a  mile  otf  shore.  I'^veii  at  twenty 
tatliiiiiis  the  liottoin  is  hard  sand  and  rocky. 

'Ml,,  mile  outside  the  ba\  the  dciith  is  thirty  six  fathoms,  and  at  two  miles  it  is  tifty  three 
raiLniiis.    The  increase  tVoin  twenty-live  fathoms  is  ipiite  regular. 

■fhi'  place  is  quite  readily  made  out  by  the  luge  village  facing  the  north  put  of  the  bay;  and 
I'Mii  III  coming  from  the  northwest  along  the  coast  the  clinrch  spire  and  higher  buildings  iue  seen 
<i\,  1  Ihc  slightl,\  rising  ground  to  the  north  and  iiorthuest.* 

I'lii'ie  are  no  outlying  dangers  to  this  bay,  so  that  vessels  bound  here  in  summer  wiuk  a  little 
tn  uiiiilward  and  then  run  boldly  in  towards  the  mu-lh  point,  keeiiing  a  short  distance  oiitside  the 
ini  'kci>  and  gradually  decreasing  the  distance  to  one  hundred  yards  Just  otf  the  .south  end  of 
till-  1101  III  point  in  six  fathoms  of  water;  hence  they  run  on  about  one  hundred  and  lifty  yards  past 
'lie  )i(iiiit  to  the  tirst  of  the  three   biuns  in  seven  and  a  half  fathoms.     It  is  not  a  comfortable 

■  \\  lu'ii  .MfiHliiiiiic)  \Mi^  lii'MiiiiK  ('list  s(iiitlii'ii>l  (listiiiil  M\  III-  Mi'Vi'ii  mill's,  little  or  iintliin;,'  cimlil  lio  sci'ti  of  tin) 
ti'ttii  .  \rM|it  a  <  liMIili-stvi'iilc  ;  liiO  to  till-  iiortlinaiil,  auil  ilinlil  tlin  tires,  wlirii  llie  elinieli  liears  east  ilistaiit  live 
Hill'  -,  ii  II  nil  llie  ii;;lit-liuii<l  eiljjoiifii  iiotiil)le  siiuaretiit  in  tlio  liirest.  Tlie  loiliuf,'  laiiil  ill  front  of  llu'towti  towards 
till'  n;iki  la  liiaii'il. 


V.,».    f 


!       ii 


n  ' 


m 


'.;# 


W 


i.r 


M  m 


1H 


284 


I'ACIIMC   COAST    I'll.dl'. 


:«ff 


l»lnci-  ii!  siiimiior,  for  ii  lar},'i'  swell  mils  in  fivt'lN ;  iiml  in  wliilcr,  on  tin-  npiiroiicli  of  a  soiitlicasici. 
vessels  toiineiI\  had  to  put  to  soa,  lull  now  tlieii'  is  a  liea\\  sontlieasl  inudiin;;  I'm  \essel.>  li>  Ii, 
to  in  sitnlliei'ly  weallier. 

Approaeliiny  vessels  nre  notilleil  by  sljjiials  I'roni  sliore  as  In  the  stale  of  the  li.iihur.  IT  ii  i> 
roiij;ii,  or  there  is  nmiii  for  no  inoi'e  vessels,  the  Ha;;  at  hail' mast  intliiales  thai  the  la^l  emmi- 
iMiist  Slav  out  and  wail  their  tnrn.     If  (he  lla;;  is  at  the  niasi  head  the  \essel  nia,\  einni'  in. 

There  were  three  elinles  ('((iistrneletl  from  the  iMirlheasi  face  of  the  norl hern  head,  and  iiin 
out  to  ei;;hleen,  rmirteeii,  and  thirleen  feel  of  water,  liiil  llie  inner  one  has  Iteen  aliaiidoned  aiiii 
taken  down.  A  \essel  drawin;:,  loaded,  seventeen  feel  I'an  lie  al  I  he  oiiier  oi' .-•onl'ieaslern  eliiiii  . 
and  drawing;  ten  feet  at  the  inner.  Deepi'r  vessels  are  loaded  from  liulilers.  In  snnimer,  \e>M'l. 
of  six  hnmlred  ioei;;ht  hundred  tons  load  here  ;  in  winiii,  vessels  of  two  hundred  to''  only  should 
eoiiie.     Tlie.N  eaii  heat  out  in  moderate  southeast  weather. 

t)ne  lar;;e  wharf  was  liiiill  out  from  the  lilnlf  towards  the  nioulh  of  the  rixcr  over  a  loek  ainl 
reaeliiut;  into  sivenleen  feel  of  water,  liiil  it  has  lieen  enl  irely  w.islied  away.  The  eoaslin.;  stciiiin 
which  ealls  here  re;;ularly  lies  at  the  un  orin;;s  and  ]iassen;;ers  are  landed  in  Imals  al  one  of  tin 
eliuies;  frei;;lit  is  disehar;;ed  in  li;;hlers  and  hoisted  by  a  swin;;iM,u  derrieU  toaplaiiorm  Imili 
out  from  ihe  top  of  the  clilV  lielweeii  the  two  elinles. 

The  iiiooiin.us  here  are  laid  in  a  somewhat  iiitiieate  inauner,  ami  a  stran^^cr  eomli:;;  in  .lU'l 
droppiu;:  aiielior  annm;;  the  buo\s  is  liable  to  foul  it  aniiui;;  Ihe  heav,\  ;;roiind  ehains.  A  \i's>el 
should  aneiior  to  leeward  of  all  the  buoys  and  then  run  a  line  to  some  one  and  warp  into  pcisjtioii. 
There  are  two  principal  mo(iriii;;cli.iin-i  nearly  paralhd  to  each  other  siretclied  aiioui  sonlhwcsi 
and  iiorllieasi,  ami  l,\in;;  to  the  soulhe.isi  of  the  northwest  jioinl.  Thcic  aic  no  buo,\  s  o\  cr  the 
heavy  ;;i'(iuiid chains  proper,  but  short  chains  are  altached  at  intervals  Iherelo,  and  the  l<iio,\  at 
the  end  of  tlii^  chain  is  taken  on  board  the  vessel.  There  are  buoys  on  the  inner  ends  of  Ihi 
heavy  ;:ioiind  chains.  Chains  fastened  to  the  rocks  on  the  norlheasi  shore  are  seveiit,\  tallioiio 
loll;;,  and  eacii  has  a  biioy  on  the  outer  end  for  stern  faslenin;;s  to  the  vi'ssels.  The  inoorJi.;;s  arc 
laiil  in  seven  and  a  half  fathoms  and  less. 

The  saw  niill  is  the  lar;;est  hence  to  Ilunibolilt  liay,  and  has  u  capacity  of  sixty  |hon>and  fcii 
daily,  but  is  shut  dow  n  in  the  winter  season.  It  is  built  on  the  ri;;hL  baid;  of  the  i  i\  er,  half  a  mile 
in>ide  its  month,  and  the  lumber  is  biou;;ht  to  thi' chutes  on  tramways.  Vessels  loail  at  the  chiilo 
and  in  winter  soinetiiues  from  Ii;;liters.  The  Hveray;e  number  of  vessels  loaded  here  eacji  Ncai  i-- 
abont  .seventy. 

Some  coastini;  schooners  have  been  built  in  the  river  and  brou;;lit  out  al  lii;;h  water.  ■l'lii> 
harbor  is  known  to  many  of  the  <'oasters  as  Mi;;  Itivcr  Lamliii;;. 

The  \  iila;;('  at  this  place  was  forinerly  called  Mci^i^isville.  bnl  is  now  known  as  Mi  iKhiriim  i  <'  . 
It  is  a  p)od  si/.cd  and  thrivin;;  town  and  has  re;;nl.ir  com  mimical  ion  with  San  I'r.incisco  .iml  oili<  i 
coasiiim  ports  by  steamer. 

'I'lie  secondary  astrononiieal  station  of  the  l'.  S.  ("oast  and  (ieodctii' Survey  is  on  the  noitli 
head  at  the  neck,  and  it  has  been  preserved  and  marked  with  a  copper  plate  by  the  Meiiilociiin 
Liiiiiber  ('oiii)iaiiy.     Its  j;eograpliieal  position  is: 

l.aliliuli' :i'.r  IS    I,-,'  .;i  ii„rtli. 

l.ciii^iiiiiU' I'.M     I-   ;ii  ..■>  wint. 

< ii.  ill  liiiif si'  l.'i"  II".:!. 

The  iiia;;nelic  variation  was  17^  '_'(>'  east  in  .lannaiy,  ISs."),  and   increases  about  (l.'S  aiiiiii;i!l> 
liuHsian  (iulcli. — From  the  outer  part  of  the  iioilhwcsl  head  of  Mendocino   l!ay  thecoma   ;. 
Point  Cabiillo  is  norlliwest  by  north  (XW.  b\  N.),  and  Ihe  distance  three  niile>.     Tuo  ihiiil>  n 
mile  north  of  the  ^b'lidociiio  Mead  the  shore  relreats  sharjily  omt  half  a  mile  to  the  nm  IIum.^I.  > 
then  coiiiiiincs  rou;;lily  to  the  northwest.     A   Ion;;  line  of  rocky  islets  ami  sunken  reef  sin  trt. 
half  a  mile  northwest  by  west  (N\V.  by  W.)  from  the  lirst  |point  of  tnrniii;;.      In  the  above  ilni' 
mile  stretch  of  shore,  and  one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Point  Cabiillo,  there  is  a  smaller   f 
sharper  iiidentatioii  at  tint  mouth  of  a  small  stream  eoniin;;  throu;;h  the  liussian  (iiihli.     I    ' 
entrance  to  this  cove  is  two  hundred  and  sixty  yards  wide;  and  tuie  pocket   makes  to  ilic  ■ 
and  anothci   to  the  northeast.     The  stream  empties  into  the  latter.     On  the  chart  there  is  1,  il 
down   a  siiiil.ni   »■<»(■/,   outside  and   a   little   to  the   north   of  the  middle  of  the  entjance.     Ii 
ei;;hteen  feet  of  water  upon  it,  and  live  fathoms  on  the  inside  and  ten  fathoms  on  llieoiii- 
The  shoics  of  both  coves  are    broken    elitl's,  sixty  to  ei;;lity    feel    hi;;h,  bonlered    with    i   ■  i 
From  the  sixty  teet  clill' on  the  .south  .side  of  the  northeast  pocket  there  i.s  constructed  a  rh    ■. 


1^  -i:' 


1(1. 

>  li.' 

1  l^ 
ICI  - 

inn 
mill 
nil . 


iiiilil 

iiiiil 
iini'i 
■  111.' 

liiiill 


mill 

I'SM'l 

hull, 
wol 
r  llir 
ii,\  ;i! 
I'  IIk' 
lliilli> 
;s  ;iir 


null- 
llllirs 


iiilii'i 


! -I^ji-- 


liill'. 


■''    it 


■ 

■ 

',::!  1 

1- 


■**.^ 


32:JTI?'^^=J:- 


X''. 


'■'I'r;  V  it.' 


.•V,,. 


Wbitu  mark  and  flag. 


(,'UNpi 


.uyj  Kivpr,  E.SE.,  5  miles. 


Point  { 


'■  ..  ^-..^.^. 


I'liint  Arena  Liglit-honwi,  HE.  i  K.,  7  miI««H. 


T!xl.t!_ 


^y.>r\  r*^-*.;^  £2,TiiL J^liEI^. 


(.'uNpiir  Creek,  E.  i  N.,  U  luilea. 


■'■«-. 


Is?"- 


'"■!  !!  gflil-VL  !  "  *'L  I -^  I.  '■■■       'T'""  -*■- 


Point  Cftbrillo. 


Mill  ill  Alliioii  Kivcr. 

NdViirni  lleuil,  .SK.  i  K,,  Ifi  iiiileH. 


('  ll 


k  I 


■'V 


'  ■<>■•■  A^ ..  .,, 


1--^ 


f-tt  ■v-i.t  XI  A 


i=4!=stS."J«bfe 


nt  ArptiB  Liglit-honoo,  SR.  ^  E.,  7  iiiilf., 


t"l'i 


imn   ^' 


■im 


ITi  iiii!«H. 


■i.      i.  '.     I' 


ii 


I.  lifi'i 


^ 


■•■<fn  wMMMTitsHiHuiMiaHMainMiliroh 


PACIFIC    COAST    I'll.oT. 


28r 


iniil  iiiiollicr  i>ii  the  iiorlli  kjiIc  of  tlu'  siiiiic  pockt't.  This  pocki't,  <ir  inner  cove,  is  only  one 
liiiiiiiiiil  .\itiils  wide  lit  till'  cntiiincc,  imt  it  wiis  icportcd  lo  lie  i|nili>  ii  i^ochI  iiriclioraj;o  with  fair 
Miiioi  iiii;s.  'lilt'  tlircf  rath.im  line  of  s(tmi(linj;s  rcarhes  inlii  this  inner  euve,  and  elose  to  the 
NiM;,lieiii  ehnte.     Small  sidiooiiers  an^  said  to  have  rittden  out  sontheasters  here;  if  so,  the  swell 


Mill 


,1  lie  liroK'.'ii 


l.y  Ih 


and  icef  streteliiii;;  northwestward  Cnpii'  t'le  Mendocino  I!av  Head. 


The  twenty  t'athom  iMir\e  lies  less  than  hall'  a  mile  fioin  the  norlh  iioint  of  tiie  entraiu'e,  and 
;|i(iiM>ih  i.ieivases  to  thirty  seven  tathom.-  at  one  niih- from  shore  ami  to  fi'tytliree  Ciitliomsal 
I  wo  miles. 

file  timlier  in  the  vicinity  has  heen  all  cut  a.vay  and  the  two  chutes  iiave  lieeii  ahiiiidoncd 


]'r  m 

!|.l|'H 

■|;:| 

.  ;! 

j  f 

* 

.1 1 

a  t 

ilie  latitude  of  tlu^  north  point  of  thi'  entTanee  to  Russian  (liilch  is  ,'!!•  '  lit'  LJl"  north. 

POINT   CABRILLO. 

'filis  is  the  first  iioint  made  'lorlhwestward  of  Point  Aieini,  from  whiirh  it  lies  n()rtli  twenty- 
si\  ili;^rees  west  (N.  L'lP  W.)  distant  •■'..•nty  tour  miles.  If  presents  the  appearance  of  a  liat- 
tii[i|itil  point,  fifty  ti)  sixty  feet  lii;;h,  with  nearly  M'ltical  cliffs  towards  the  ocean,  Jiordered  liy 
li.w  iiM  ks  for  two  hundred  and  thirty  yaids  fiom  the  shore.  !t,  is  treeless  for  half  a  mile  back. 
I'll. Ill  the  northwestward  it  presents  the  same  characteristics,  and  as  it  is  approached,  the  point.s 
111  Mc  lulnciiio  l>ay,  Little  Itiver  llarlior,  and  N'a\aiii)  Head  ;^iadiially  rise  with  somewhat  similar 
l'i';i;uie>. 

,\t  the  edj;i'  of  the  t'orest  tive«'i^h!hs  of  a  mile  east  from  the  point  is  the  small  vi!laj;e  of 
/'(';('   linirr. 

I  lie  deiilh  of  water  Just  outside  the  rocks  close  iiiider  the  jioiiit  is  ten  fallioiiis,  and  the 
twciitv  fathom  line  is  only  iifty  yards  from  the  rocks.  .\l  one  ni  le  m  the  westward  of  the  point 
it  Is  lnit>se\eii  fathoms,  and  at  two  miles  it  is  titty  three  tallioMi>. 

rmir  miles  eastward  of  I'oint  t'alirillo  the  jiiiic  covered  coa>t  iMomitains  rise  to  nearly  eleven 
liiiinlred  feet  elevation  and  are  visilih-at  thirty  six  miles  ficim  seaward. 

flic  ^;eo;;raphical  jiositiou  of  the  station  at  the  extremity  of  I'liiiit  i'ahiillo,  as  deteiiiiined  by 
till'  Coast  and  iieodetio  Survey,  is: 

I.iitiluilii :i.i     Jii     Til    noitli. 


l,iiM;iilllilr 
l)l',  ill  lillll 


i;i 


Wl'st. 


.-'■    1"."'  17 


^llnli 


'flic  Mia,y;netic  \aiiation  was  17'  L'T   east  in  .l.inuary,  ISS."),  and  increases  ycaily  (I'.S. 

Tins  point  was  named  li>  the  1'.  iS.  Coast  Siii\e\  to  ciiiiimemoiate  the  voya{;es  of  Cabrillo  in 
l.'ilJ-'l'i,  allhoimh  he  did  not  see  the  land  ill  this  x  icinit\, 

/•Vriid  I'ltiiit  i'uhiiUo  the  coast  line  trends  more  to  the  northward,  and  cnii'iaiies  nearly  a  strai{,'ht 
bliilt  fur  nine  miles  imrth  by  west  (N.  liy  W.i  to  l,ai;uiia  I'oiiil.  These  points,  how  ever,  ai'c  not 
iiili'i  X  isiliie,  as  the  coast  curves  a  lift  le  to  the  westward  of  the  al>o\  e  coiiise  a  In  ml  in  d\\a.\  be  I  ueen 
Iliriii.  The  .chores  are  niodeiately  lii^h  and  ;:enerally  wooded  to  the  lace  of  tlieclill's,  liiecoa^l- 
line  IS  brnkeii  by  several  indentations  and  small  streams,  and  is  bcir.lercd  le  ^re.it  iiiiiiibeis  uf 
links  clii>e  liiidi'i    the  dills;  as  far  as  known  no  hidden  dan;,'ers  »'\ist  one  thud  of  a  mile  from 

('■tsjiar  Audi  urn  /c. —  Thice  iiuai  teis  ot'  a  mile  nor*  li  ward  t'ri  iii  I'oiiit  ( '.ibi  iMo  is  the  sniitliw  est 
iiiiiiit  of  this  co\e,  ;iii((  which  emptiis  ( 'aspai  ( 'reek.  The  nurthx'esi  point,  c. died  Caspar  ronit, 
ins  :ioitli  by  w<'st  half  west  iN.  by  W.  .1  \\'.)  ii\er  one  iliiiii  of  a  mile  fiom  the  soiilliw  est  point, 
■mil  l.:''li  .III- .-iiiroiiiii|ed  by  niiinerons  incks  almve  water  '1  he  cove 'ipciis  diieil  l>  to  the  \\e>t. 
Hill  i>  halt'  a  mile  deep  fniiii  the  outermost  rucks  to  the  inner  beach.  Its  width  at  the  eiili  aiic.' 
'liAieii  and  clear  of  the  rucks  is  four  hmnlred  \ards,  decieasiii;,'  to  two  hundred  \ards  between 

:lii'  IMIier  rucks. 

I'loiii  ihe  northwest  point  the  sunken  and  \isible  locks  stretch  olf  iieaily  tliice  hundred  y.irds 
Hiiiie  west  southwest,  with  three  fathoms  of  water  close  around  them  and  ten  fathoms  of  water 
liliy  \arils  outside. 

Tn  the  III. rtli  west  auil  south  of  the  rocks  oil'  1 1 iiti  nice  points.  I  here  are  no  out  l\  ill''  dan^cis. 


A  ilipHi  uf  tell  fat  hums  of  water  reaclii-N  wi'll  into  il 


lid  three  falhoins  to  abieast  the 


le  i'o\  e.  a 
lilies,  iir  within  one  hundred  and  seveiit  \  fix  e  xaids  ni'  the  beach. 

There  is  a  .si(ii/,(7(  nirl:  \\\   the  hai'boi' close  uiidei  the  rocks   aloii"  the   noitli  sliore  and  nearlx 


i^m 


!><'  liiiiidied  \ard 


s  west  of  ihe  xvesterii  I'hiite.     It  has  three  feet  of  water  upon  it  at  lo 


tide 


•_>sc 


PACll'ir    COAST    i'll.iiT. 


>  4 


' )   ^q 


li.  ^1' 


.  \ 


.f- 


Tlu>  avt'iaiit' (It'iith  III'  wilier  ill  tilis  li;iil)i)i'  is  atnuit  scxcn  fallniiiis.  Ni'sscl.s  iiiivc  nidHi  ii. 
Ileal  out  Willi  iii.  ::!!•,( liwesl  wiiiils,  hill  (lie  o|)eratiiiii  tdoks  (laii^cioiis,  a!llii(ii;;li  no  losses  h.i', ,. 
(leeiirred  on  this  aeeomil  :  llieve  are  liiree  nicinriii^-  liimvs  laid  to  haul  oiil  liy  in  ealiiis  or  |)t;||i 
winds.  The  liailxn-  is  ivckoned  a  ^'ikmI  one  liy  tlie  edasliMs,  and  \essels  ean  load  liece  in  umiei 
wcaliior. 

Al  the  liead  of  tlie  cove,  r)ii(>-thiid  of  a  mile  liom  the  sonlhwesl  iioini,  is  the  iikiuIIi  oI'  (':is 
par  Creek,  one  liiindreil  and  thiily  yards  wide  above  ihe  niillsile,  lint  il  opens  ihion^^liM  \,-y\ 
narrow  inontii  at  Ihe  north  end  of  llie  sand  lieaeli,  whicli  is  two  hiiiidred  ami  sixty  yards  Inn;; 
Allhoiijili  it  lias  1)111  little  water  i;;  it  at  any  lime,  it  ehises  in  the  dry  season  only  alioiil  oiici'  in 
three  years.  The  stream  is  only  eiylit  miles  long,  and  <  cuiies  Iroin  the  east  helweeii  \er,\  hiuli  sli'e|i 
hanks. 

Two  liuiidi'tMl  yards  westward  t'roni  the  month  ol'  the  <'reek  on  the  noilli  hlnlV  Ihi're  is  a  hiiii 
her  ehiite,  and  seventy  i\  e  yards  I'aither  to  I  lie  westward  a  se<'ond  one  has  heen  hnill.  Their  I-. 
a  depth  oreleNcn  leet  liader  the  eastern  eliille;  and  eighteen  leel  at  the  western.  There  aiv  \ei\ 
good  moorings,  and  tin  v  aie  examined  hel'ore  each  winter  season.  They  ari<  conneeted  ln^icdi.T 
somewhat  alter  the  in  .iiiier  of  tho>e  at  Mendocino  (il.v.  The  onier  mooring  l)iio,\  lii's  m  ijic 
entrance  hel  ween  tiie  outer  poinis  of  tiie  loeks.  !'"onr  \  essels  can  lie  at  the  mooring-^,  and  llie\ 
are  loadeil  from  the  I'liiiles,  There  is  a  llag  sialf.  on  tiie  top  of  tlie  hInlV  ahove  the  chnti's,  w  lim 
a  llag  is  hoisted  at  liaH'inast  when  there  is  no  more  romn  for  \essels. 

Till' mill,  wliii'li  is  h'  ated  three  linniired  yards  inside  the  mouth  of  the  creek  on  the  iimili 
hank,  has  a  capacity  of  fifty  live  llionsaml  tcel  ilails,anil  the  a\era^c  niimlier  of  vessels  hi, idii! 
here  is  lifly  each  scar.  The  tolal  :'imoiinI  of  liiiiiher  s'lipped  iVom  lieie  is  reported  at  one  hnmlicil 
iiid  lilt\  million  feel.  The  saw  lii;;s  come  hy  lail  Iniiii  I'oiir  miles  up  Ihe  Jiighandle  ( 'reek  ;  hiii  n-. 
liie  good  forest  trees  aie  Ileal  Iv  exhausted  there,  the  next  source  of  snitply  will  he  I  laic  (  icik. 
lliree  and  a  half  miles  to  the  noriliwestward  and  .just  south  ol  the  Noyo  Kiver. 

The  riUnijf  e/'  Cusjinr  is  siliiateil  insitle  the  nionlh  of  Ihe  creek  on  the  rising  ground  on  tjic  imi  Mi 
or  tight  hank,  and  has  ahoiit  live  hiindied  iiihahiiants.  A  roadway  on  piles  crosses  the  sin  ,iin 
aliout  one  ipi.ii  ter  ol  a  mile  ahove  tlie  iiioiiili.     The  name  was  formerly  spelled  ( 'asper. 

Ehrtrir  liiihln  aie  shown  at  this  place,  and  they  li^liI  ii|i  the  iiiidirside  of  Ihe  low  clouds  ainl 
lighten  lip  the  steam  from  the  saw  mill  running  at  iiiizlit.  s,i  that  ihis  feature  is  iisod  hy  tlie  nias|.-is 
of  xi'sscis  as  a  chaiac'eristic  for  liiidin^  (he  li.iihnr  a(  iiiuht. 

The  lalihide  of  the  oiiteniinst  part  of  Caspar  roini  is  .IIP  '.-•'_"  dfi"  north. 

The  t>'.  I'lity  !"ithoni  cm  ve  lies  only  two  liiuidied  yards  outside  Ihe  rocks  olV  the  entrance  pemis 
to  Caspar  .Vnchoiaue ;  there  is  a  depth  of  forty  foiii'  fathoms  al  one  mile  and  lif(>  (i\  e  lal  lioms  .n 
two  miles  outside. 

The  coast  inimcdiately  ninth  of  Caspar  Creek  is  hordered  hy  hi-nkeii  elilfs  with  a  gical  miin 
her  of  rocks  stretehing  out  four  liiindicd  \aids;  tlieie  is  no  known  danger  outside  the  (line 
falliom  ciii\e,  which  is  close  iiiidcr  the  \isihle  rocks.  The  forest  gi'iierally  conn's  down  to  (he 
edges  of  the  elilfs, 

l'<iiiiii\i  \i  (Inhh  is  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  creek  one  and  one  «)iiarler  miles  north  of  Caspar 
I'oiiil.  There  is  hardl.s'  a  ]icrceptihle  indenl.ition  of  the  shore  line,  which  is  hi;;h  dill  hoidcren  l.\ 
niiiiicrons  rocks.  .\  pooily  cnnsti  inlcd  i  Inile  was  hiiilt  (issii  t'loiii  the  sondi  siile  of  ;lic\rr,\ 
small  cove  at  (he  liionlh  of  (he  creek.  There  is  no  prnleclion,  plenty  of  rocks,  ami  the  swells  iiil 
the  idace.      It  is  not  supplied  with  good  moorin;;s  and  no  \essel  has  loaded  here. 

Hfitrir  I'liinI  is  a  Inw  hlnlV  point  three  and  a  half  miles  noitli  twelv(>  degrees  west  from  I'lii'it 
Cahiillo.  It  does  not  jiioiect  outside  the  general  trend  of  (he  coast,  lint  the  shore  recedes  lial:  a 
mile  to  the  east  at  the  moiUliof  llaie  Creek,  one  nnle  fardici  north.  There  aic  phnty  of  reck'* 
close  under  the  point,  and  one  sunken  rock  with  hreaker  ahoiit  oneipiarter  of  a  mile  I"  iinrili 
west  hy  west  (NW.  by  VV.).  The  trees  come  close  to  tlie  edge  of  the  clills  iiiiith  and  soiilli  of  this 
uulch. 

I'liJIiin  /.'I'.v.— This  landing  at  the  month  of  the  IlareCrcek  is  four  miles  iiorlli  by  west  (N.  h>  \\.i 
from  I'liinl  Cahiillo  and  one  milo  south  of  Noyo  l;i\ei.     The  soiidi  point  of   Novo  projects  iln'. 
ipiaKeis  of  a  mill'  to  Ihe  west  ■north  West  from  III  ■  inoiKh  of  Hare  Creek,  and  alVords  soim   p.  '^ 

lion  to  (his  small  indenlation.     The  shores  are  iock\cli(ls ideralcly  high,  and  hordeicd  h\  i'"- 

.\t  the  head  of  the  cove  is  a  sand  heacli  one  hilildled  and  seventy  Ih  e  yards  loii'.f.  and  the  el' ■  I. 
opens  throi|'.;li  the  south  cud  of  it.  The  cove  is  vers  small  and  opens  to  the  west,  Tlic  clinli  i- 
hillb  out  Iroiii  Ihe  north  shore  of  the  cove  and  p|ii|ec(s  o\  ei  rocks  (o  the  west  south  west  o\  ci  •  Ic* '  li 


M^ 


^^, 


IM, 


TACIKIC    CDASl'    Pll.dT. 


2H7 


,i 


fei'l  iii'  wator.  A  ri'cf  ol'iocUs  to  tlic  noitliwcst  alVonls  soipo  sliplif  iirott'ction,  but  tlio  jiliico  looks 
vcr>  lounli.  Tlicro  arc  iKi  iiiooriiijjs  and  no  sliipnicnts  (IS,S."i)  and  it  is  iiiisafc  witlioiit  iiioorin},'S. 
Ill  1>SJ  live  cai'^i'ot's  <•!'  jiosis,  tics,  wood,  and  tanliark  ui'ic  sliippcd  lifinc.  I)iit  none  in  1S,S3. 
Tliiif  were  sinnc  ni(M)iinj;s  still  ii'UiaiiiinK  in  l'^S;i,  hut  tlii'.v  wi-rc  not  in  fiiMid  nidcr. 

\fiio  li'ircr  <inil  .\iirlioni<i<; — Tin'  sontli  licad  of  Novo  Ancliorafjt'  i>*  lo'ii'  and  a  lialf  niilos  north 
llii;i.cn  dt'j;rf('s  wi  st  (N.  l.'!""  W.)  (Vorii  I'oint  Cahrillo,  and  seven  and  tliiee(|uarters  iiiile.s  IVoni 
MiiiilnciMo  r>a.v.  The  shorelim'  continues  tlie  same  stecj)  hhilf,  nearly  stiai;;lit,  hut  hiokeu  hv 
scvii.il  small  creeks  oiieidn^  to  the  sea.  'I'lic  shove  is  bordered  h.v  jrreat  nuinhers  of  rocks,  hut 
liDiir  lie  over  a  <|uarter  of  a  U'ile  from  the  dill's;  and  no  hidden  dan;;t'is  are  known  cxcejit  olV 
Ucaxir  I'oiid,  three  and  a  half  miles  north  l>.v  west  (N.  by  W.)  fiom  Toint  Tahrillo  ami  a  little 
iiimv  than  a  nsile  to  liie  sonthwar<l  of  the  south  head  of  Noyo  Anehora;rc,  where  a  minhdi  rut];  lies 
mir  ijiiaitcr  of  a  mile,  northwest  by  west  half  west  (NW.  b>  \\  .  \  W.)  from  the  point.  The  country 
(.;  u.Mided  to  the  edjio  of  th«  clitf  except  aroumi  Nomi  I'.ay,  where  the  entire  south  )point  and  a 
lar::'  ;ireM  of  the  north  point  are  free  of  timber. 

Ami/o  ,1  »(7((I((((/c  is  a  small  cove  oiieiiinif  to  the  west  southwest  (W'SW.)  with  moderately  low 
iiii'.a  lauil  and  steop  t'l ill's  on  the  noitli  anil  snulli  that  an-  continued  inside.  The  two  points  of 
t'lilviMi'c  are  alxuit  a  qnarlci'  of  a  mile  apart  and  bear  noiih  and  south  from  each  other.  There 
arc  inure  rocks  alouji  the  south  shore  and  jioint  than  under  the  north  shore. 

Stii'tchinjr  out  twit  liundi'cd  ami  lifly  yards  to  the  northwest  (roni  the  south  jioint  of  the 
iiilranic  are  small  visible  rocks  and  foul  bottoiu.  This  liiiiits  the  w  idth  of  the  entrance  luit  helps 
liiliiiak  the  force  of  the  southwest  swell.  The  lime  lallmm  curve  is  iiiiiuedlately  under  the 
null  riiin->l  rocks,  exccjtt  in  two  ))laees  where  sunken  rocks  arc  inund.  Tlie  lit  si  snnlin  rock, 
li.nin.:  Ii\e  feet  of  water  upon  it.  lies  one  Imndied  and  foily  yanis  iinrlh  sixty  four  dejirces 
\vi -t  ;N.  til  \V.)  from  ihe  westernmost  point  of  the  soiiiii  lieail.  It  has  a  depth  of  four  and  a 
liall  lallioms  of  wat'"'  inside  of  it  and  ci.;,dit  fathoms  of  water  close  outside.  The  second  .s»;(/,y'» 
Chi/,,  lia\inj;  but  three  feet  of  water  upon  it,  lies  one  hundnd  and  sixty  yards  to  the  liiulhward 
niiiir  Iniinei',  and  foni' hundred  yaids  north  forty  III)  le  ilc^rees  wesi  'N.  I.T  \\ .)  fmm  the  western- 
iiiM>i  point  of  the  south  head.  .V  Hirer  fntliitni  sjint  lies  one  hundred  y  a  ids  out  side  the  reef  stretch  in;; 
iiniijiwist  from  the  smith  head,  but  tlu're  is  a  depth  of  (he  fathoms  inside  of  it  ami  six  and  a  iialf 
lallioins  outside. 

(Ill  the  north  side  of  llii>  ciitranc(>  the  line  of  \  isihle  roiKs  lies  at  farthest  less  than  three  him- 
iliiij  \  aids  li'om  t  he  soul  ii  west  face  of  the  cl  Ill's,  and  cluse  iiiider  tlie  pi  mil  a  I  tiie  i  in  mediate  entrance. 

r.iil  tliei'c  are  two  dan^^ers  otV  diese  norllierii  roeks.  The  tiist  siiiil.rii  /or/,-,  with  less  than 
twi  Kr  feel  ol  Water  upon  it,  lies  live  liiiiidicd  yards  west  fioiu  tlie  north  point  of  the  entrance.  It  is 
Ilia'  li. I  ml  red  yards  outside  tli"  three  fathom  i'ur\  e  under  the  \  isilile  rocks,  and  has  a  depth  of  seven 
ainl  a  i|iiarter  fathoms  of  water  all  around  it.  The  second  .siiiihoi  /ix/,,  \  isible  at  extreme  low 
«atii.  lies  ninety  yards  soiitli  li.\  west.  (S.  by  \V.)  i'rom  the  southernmost  point  of  the  iioiiii  head, 
;iiii|,  hi'iii;;' abreast  thtM)Utermost  rocks  t'rom  the  south  head,  the  ciianiiel  way  is  here  rediieed  in 
wnlih  III  two  Inindred  yards  between  the  three  fathom  carves,  but  it  carries  six  to  seven  fathoms 
III  Wall!  nearly  across  it.  This  last  danyjer  is  a  pinn  u'le  rock,  and  there  is  dcci)  water  close  u|i  to 
It  nil  all  sides  except  towards  the  east,  where  it  slopes  very  little. 

Till'  Ii.iiImu'  pioper  is  three ci^ihtlis  of  a  mile  in  leii^xth  from  the  heads  m  low-water  line  at  the 
rivii  1  niraiiee,  and  a\('iay:es  ime  ipiarler  of  a  mile  in  w  idth.  The  a\eia;:i'  deptli  in  the  harbor  is 
tmin  li\e  to  six  lathoms.  'i'lie  summer  w  inds  blow  directly  in.  but  vessels  can  lie  at  anchor  witii 
riiiiiii  to  su  in;,'.     'J'li(>  winter  w  inds  draw  lait. 

The  Icadiii;;  in  ian;;e  is  a  mck  close  under  the  hi;;h  bliilf  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  entrai.ee 
I'll  Willi  the  gallic  end  of  a  Iai;;e  wliiiew  ashed  barn  a  lit  I  le  nioie  than  a  i|iiarler  of  a  mile  to  the 
■M^t«.iiil  under  the  hi;:h  northern  bank  of  tlie  river.  The  beaiiua  of  tins  ran;;e  is  east  half  iioilh 
d'..  i  N.I,  and  it  will  clear  the  sunken  rocks  olf  both  pmiiis  of  the  entrance.  There  is.  howe\er. 
ilii' Miiikeii  rock  north  of  mid  fhannel  alrcadv  nientioiicd  as  nincU    yards  fmin   the  north  head. 

Vi'ssel 
lull  i! 


M-U  aie  reported  sometimes  entcrin;,'  on  the  north  side  of  this  breaker  and  caiiyiii;;:  ;iood  water, 


11'  pa 


vsa^e  proper  is  to  the  south  of  it. 


t»lV  the   N. 


til 


.\nch(ua;4('  the  ten  f.ithom  curve  is  onlv  four  huiidrcd  and  twenty  yards  from 


1'  ''I'lii 


nil  I 


mill'  riilioiiis 


iiic  of  the  clill's.     At  one  mile  tln^  depth  is  thirty  two  f.dhoms  and  at  two  miles  forty- 


li.i'   \iiiii)    1,'irir  is  a  considerable   stream  some  l'oil\ miles  loii 


but   it  is  onh   fortv   \ard 


i^.i 


r      t  »■ 


«iMi'  al  Ihe  nioulh,  w  here  a  low  point  reaches  from  Ihe  muth  towards  the  south  side  of  the  ;;uli;h. 


.'S8 


PACIKU:  coAsr  I'li.oT. 


f'? 


i'l  ■   1 


i'f  t 


-ft 


anil  lilt'  tiiill  spttloiiioiit  is  on  and  iiack  uf  this  ]i(»iiit.  Tln'rc  is  a  har  ontsitlc  flic  ciilraiii'i'  (n  ||,, 
riv«'r,  upon  wliit'ii  tiic  ilcptli  !ivfiat;»'s  alioiit  seven  feet  of  water  at  liiuli  titlt  ;  l)n(  sonielirnes,  uln  n 
there  is  a  <;oo(l  liead  of  walt'i'  in  the  river  and  plenty  of  lo;;s  tliere,  tiiis  bar  waslies  awa.s,  so  ih:ii  ,i 
baik  drawing  fonrteen  feet  of  water  is  said  to  have  loaded  in  tlie  river  and  been  taken  out  at  lii;;li 

tide;  and  the  channel  remains  open  I'm'  some  time.     At  times  the  inoutli  of  the  river  is  ah i 

closed,  esin'cially  altera  sueeession  of  sironi;  northwest  winds  and  lar^'e  swell,  but  it  remains  s.i 
oidy  for  a  siiort  time. 

There  is  no  ehnte  at  llie  Xo\o  Anehoraj^c.  l-undier  is  loaded  on  lij^hters  from  a  «  harf  insMi' 
the  month  of  the  liver  and  then  tak(Mi  onl  to  the  vessels  in  the  liaibor.  Wmall  \essels  ;,'ener;ill\ 
till  their  holds  in  the  river  ami  receive  their  d<'ekloails  in  liie  liiubor.  Larfre  vessels  siimellNn- 
load  here  direct  for  foreign  ]iorts.and  it  is  reported  thai  a  ship  drawioir  t  went  v-liiree  feet  of  wain 
has  taken  a  carjio  of  hiiiiber  hence  to  X'alparaiso.  A  tn^  is  employeil  lo  tow  vessels  outside  ihr 
heads  and  clear  of  the  rocks.  The  same  tiij;  does  dniy  iiere  and  at  Albion  K'iver.  There  aie  miK 
two  nioorinj;-buoys  in  llii^  harbor — one  for  head  and  the  othei'  for  stein  fasleiiinj;. 

Tlu'  saw-mill  was  closed  in  IStS,'  on  acconni  of  liiiuation,  but  in  ordinary  seasons  li\'e  vcsmK 
load  monthly. 

Tlie  coaslin;;  steamer  calls  here  e\ery  trip.  .She  lies  at  the  inoorinj^s  and  her  fii'i;;ht  aiiil 
liasseiif,M>rs  are  lij,'l:teicd  oil'  and  on. 

The  j;('o;;raphical  iiosilion  of  the  ("oast  and  (ieodelie  Siirx'ey  station  on  the  sontii  heaii  'I 
Noyo  Cove  is: 

Lalilnili' ;!;•       ■,'.")'     :!1  '  hmhIi. 


l.diiyiiiiili' i'j;i      IT 


•l-J       Wl'Sl. 


Or,  ill  lime. 


l.V"    IdM. 


One  of  the  fjeneral  landmaiks  for  making;  N'oyo  Cove  is  Hold  Hill,  which  lies  three  ami  one 
third  miU's  north  thiily  luie  deurees  oast  ( N.  .'51  '  I'^)  from  the  north  head  of  Noyo  llarlior  and  i  isis 
to  an  •  ievation  of  ei^'ht  hundred  and  ten  feet.  The  seaward  face  of  the  hill  is  bare  down  to  nciih 
one  Mile  of  tlie  shore.  The  area  of  the  grassy  surface  is  about  one  scpiare  mile.  The  siiiiiiint  i^ 
in  latitncli'  .".'.i"  I'S'  (Mr  norlli.  and  loiiuitiide  I'-':!     !.">'  17"  west. 

.Inst  iioilli  of  the  Noyo  ilie  t'oresi  comes  down  to  the  clilVs  for  a  stretch  of  a  mile  in-  innn  , 
einclopinj;  the  cove  called  l'"oil  Ilia^'^  or  Soldiers  Harbor. 

The  Indian  name  for  the  Novo  i;i\fr  is  ( 'him  la  bc'  da. 

I'll)!  Ilniiiii  or  Siililiiis  llitrhor. — Twotliiiijs  of  a  mile  northwest  of  the  north  head  oi'  Ni'.i 
a  .-haip  c'ilf  pointin;;  out  lo  the  wot  noitliwol  (\\N\\  .),  and  behind  it  to  the  iioith  ,iihl 

lllic-lri 

l.llllT 


("o\e  i- 

east  IS  a  small   indentation  called   Soldiers   Harbor.     Il   is  about   two  hiimiied  vards  in  di.iii 


and  re;.'iilai  in  sliajie.  but  has  \ery  little  clear  space  between  the  many  rocks  both  at  the  eiil 
and  inside.     .\  M'I'v  small  stream  enters  it  and  the  land  is  low  around  it.     The  bliilf  on  llie  iiinili 

.\s  a  shippiii;;  |>lace  this  is  one  of  llic  incKn  s| 


de    is   iilliti 


o\v  but    bori 


lered 


o\'  maii\  rocks. 


iaiidiii;.;s  on  the  coast.     It    has  only  a    iiairow  cnlrance  of  one  hiindii'ii  ami   thirty  yards  u  iiiih 
brtwiiii  the  breakers,  but  w  hen  once  well    iieiile   il   is  repotted  lo  be  iniili' smooth.     Tin'  i;eiiii,il 


ill  is  ii'Miheast  (Nl',.)     The  dcpili  in  \\\r  entrance  is  nine  fatlioiiis.  and  the  water 


liiial>  111 


('i;;hl  fi^et  at  the  eiiil  of  the  whait.  which,  however,  was  not  coniphled  in  July,  iSs,"i,     This  wli.irl 
is  |iid|c(|rd  to  the  west  sonliiui'si  (WSW.^  from   the  tioiliieast   part  of  the  cove.     Tliere  vmic  vm 
mooiinus  i.iiil  at  that  lime,  but   ii  w.is   in  Issi;  \\\   rnniiin;.;  order  as  a  shippinj;  laiidin;;.     A  m 
mill  is  creeled  here,  and  a  railroad  has  Ih'cii  (■ciiistriicted  to  tap  the  extensive  forests  in  tin-  inii  i. 
Sieain  stliooneis  only  load  hen'     The  plare  is  now  known  as  {'"orl  l>ra^;j  Harbor. 

I'ort  Iba;;;,'.  laid  down  on  some  of  thf  leiiiii  maps,  no  longer  exists.  .Some  of  llie  Iiiiilii  nj- 
still  ri'iiiaill  alioill  llirec-ei;;liths  of  a  iiiih'  Iroin  the  In-ad  ol  .Soldiers  Hailxu'.  It  was  the  iinl mm 
po-t  foi  till'  ]Pioieetioii  of  the  ••Novo  Indian  li'eserx  atioii,"  but  was  abandoned  many  \eais  au'. 

Wliis'liii;!  liiiiiij. — All  (iiitiimntic  irliisilliiii  liinii/,  painted  with  hhirl:  intd  irliilr  i)rriini'li  i'''"' 
slrijKs.  has  bci'ii  inoonil  in  ih 


e  aiinidache: 


to  this  harbor.  It  lies  in  twenty  two  falhoiiis  o''  >ri!ri' 
on  llie  liiir  of  ilic  black  spar  buoy  on  tlie  norili  side  ol'  the  eiilraii'-e  in  raiij^e  with  the  uImi! 

'I'iie  buoy  is  Noiiiided  by  the  action  ol  the  sea,  and  ni\es  blasts  of  twenty  to  lliify  iii  •  i'  ii 
minute,     it  was  jilaced  iii  position  Au;:nst,  isss. 

The  coiii>e  into  this  small  harbor  is  nirnov  but   slr,ii;ilit,  iiiid  rnns  iiortlc;;:-ii  bv  easi  M'.  I'v 


!■:.).     Cii. 


iHU~l  be  taken  to  avoid  tin 


'Aasli  on  the  sonlhern  side  of  the  etitra; 


It  isclaiancl  that  iiexl  to  laitle  lliver  H.irbiU'  Fort  Urii;;^'  Harbor  has  the  siiiootlicst 


a^'c  III  ,-oiithiMsl  ",il 


I'Acilir    ('(lAsT    I'll.oT. 


>8f) 


lll'll  1 

1  .1111  r 

11. .III! 

•kll-I 

n  nllli 

'III  l.il 

■-,l\^ 
li  i:.i! 

tl  1,11  i 

.\     ill'l 
I 


iii'ii'ii 


I'luhlitKi  Cnrl;  i\h<mi  two  mill's  imrlli  of  llic  Novo,  s  m  rnodcratcly  liir^r  strcnin  broiikiii;; 
till  .11-1)  tlifclid's,  wliicli  ;ir<>  rriii^ftl  willi  rocks  lor  two  liiiiiilrcil  or  tliit'c  liiiiKin-d  yjinls  oil"  slioic. 
Oi,  the  iKiitli  .sitlt'  of  llio  inoiitli  is  a  lonj;  sfrctcli  of  hart-  saiiii.  A  very  ioiijj  piled  roadway  and 
tr    -  I'lid^ic  nosscs  tliis  strt'ain  on  the  liiii-  of  land  travel. 

About  tlirec  liundrcd  yards  iiorlli  of  I'uiMin;;  Creek  a  small  point  juts  out  two  liundrcd 
\;i!  Is,  and  two  linmlred  yards  outside  this  j)oint  lies  a  a'hhAtii  mcA-  marked  hy  a  breaker.  Two 
,i|i ,  r /)/7(i/r.'*  are  laid  down  a  little  inside  the  line  henee  to  Laj;iina  Toint,  and  three  hundred  ami 
siM my  yaids  from  the  former  break. 

r/jv/iH  r»rr/.' empties  nearly  a  mile  m)rthward  of  Pudding' Creek  and  is  oidy  a  few  yards  in 
wiiltli,  but  has  a  sand  beach  at  its  iiMUith. 

l.iiijuiia  l'oiiit.^T\\t'  norlhern  e\treniily  of  the  nearly  strai^;ht  line  of  clilV  coast  from  Point 
Cii'iillo  is  La^^iina  Point,  eij^ht  and  a  half  miles  north  ten  dej^rees  west  (N.  KP  NV.)  from  the 
liiii'iir  point.  I'rom  the  south  jpoiiit  of  Soldiers  Ilarluu'  to  I.aj,'Uiia  Point  the  shore  is  straij;ht, 
turn, id  by  low,  rocky  clitVs  oidy  twenty  feel  iii;;h.  and  cut  by  Pudding' ami  Vir},'in  Creeks.  Tho 
(li^l.iiice  is  three  miles  and  the  {general  direction  north  onethinl  west  (N.  ;\  W.).  The  lorest 
ciiniis  within  one  lift  h  of  a  mile  of  the  shoic-line.  North  of  I,aj;iina  Point  tin?  shore  ticnds  sli{;htly 
ia>luiird  and  its  chaiacter  chan^;es  to  a  Ion;;-,  stiaij;ht  sand  l)eaeh.  [.a^una  Point  is  a  small, 
jiiMiii;,'  clilf  thirty  feet  hi;;!!,  tiai  topped,  baic  of  tries  for  lix'e  hundred  and  llffy  yaids  inland,  and 
iiiil\  iintired  when  a  \'essel  is  \t'ry  cli>>e  inslmre.  ,\t  a  mile  and  a  half  behind  the  point  tho  land 
risi  >  III  a  lii;;h  hill.  .\  bare  reef  extends  three  Inndred  \aiils  nortliaesi  fiom  the  extremity  of 
III.'  |iiiiiil.  Tiro  siiiiLiU  coc/i.v,  inaikcd  by  breaks,  lie  outside  the  reef:  (Uie  bears  north  lil'leeii 
lit^iri's  west  (N.  l.'i'NV.)  lour  hundied  yaids  trom  the  iioint.ainl  llii'  other  noith  thirty-live 
ill  fill's  west  (N.  ;>■'>''  W.)  tliiic  iMimlred  and  eighty  \arils.  I'.olh  are  less  thauiuie  hundred  y.ird.s 
imtMili  the  visible  rocks.  Tlu're  aie  also  several  hndha  on  rocks  awash.  A  small  visible  ro(!k 
Willi  ,1  lock  awash  lifly  yards  (Uitside  of  it  lies  south  sixty  seven  de;;ree.>4  west  (S.  (IT"  W.)  three 
iiiinilied  and  ten  ,\ai(ls  fioni  the  point,  and  two  hundii'd  yards  outsiiK'  of  the  other  visiiile  rocks. 

The  three  fathmn  curve  reaches  liiur  hmulred  \  aids  outside  the  point  tiiwanls  the  northwest; 
iiiil  ;lic  leu  t'atlioni  cm  \  c  is  seven  hiimlrcd  yards  in  the  sanu'  diieclion,  bein^r  a  v  tty  little  outside 
Ihr  'ill  lalhiim  line  which  follow  s  chisel  v  the  ;::eneral  Ireml  ol'  the  slioie  line.  The  I  vvi-ul  vfathom 
liiH  :-;  tliree  lift  lis  of  a  mile  from  the  point ;  at  one  mile  the  de|)lh  is  twenty  nine  fathoms,  and  at 
!».•  iiiid  a  half  miles  il  is  lil'iv  lathoiiis. 

I'licre  is  some  ii  reynlai  ily  in  the  depths  to  the  wesfiiorthwestward  of  the  point:  and  at 
■  Mil' ;inil  a  half  miles  west  by  north  (  W.  by  N.)  from  it,  where  t  he  depth  should  be  about  foi'ty 
I'.iili.iiiis,  there  is  bi'okeu  bottom  with  sudden  chancres  trom  lortvtwo  to  tweiilyt'our  fathoms.  To 
till'  imithward  of  this  bearini,'  the  lilly  t'alli(uii  souiulin^js  are  a  mile  and  ;i  half  farther  otf  shore 
lliaii  111  the  southward. 

Ill  the  bi;.'lil  cast  of  ha^una  Point    is  the  shipping;  pl.U'c  known  as  l,a;;una  Landili);'. 

I  lie  ;;eoi4raphical  position  of  the  Coast  and  (ieodetic  ."survey  .Station  on  lia^^una  Point  is: 
I..111I111I.' :!'.!    -.".I    ir,    iii.itii. 

I.oiinitiiili' I'j;!     '.".1    I'T     w.'.sl. 

.\  small  stream  opens  under  the  uoi'th  side  of  I.ay;una  Point  :  Just  inside  the  beach  it  sjireads 
ailii.i  |,i;;ooii  lour  hundieii  yards  loiij;  by  <uie  hundred  and  til'tv  wide.  The  point  derives  its  name 
liiiiii  the  existence  of  this  laj;oon. 

bald  Hill,  already  deseijbed  under  Nowi  Harbor,  lies  two  and  a  lialf  miles  .south  sixteen 
ili';;iri's  ei'st  1  S.  l(i  '  ]■].)  from  I,a;;uii,i  I'oiiil,  and  is  a  laiidm.iik  lor  maUiiii;  this  place. 

I.'iiiiiiia  Linuliiitj. —  This  is  a  new  Iv  established  shipiiin^-  poini  in  the  small  biuht  Just  under 
till' .  inI  side  of  the  reef  niakiiiLjout  tioiii  l.ai'Ulia  Point,  alii'adv  described.  A\  the  month  of  the 
il'ii'k,  iiiiiler  the  point,  there  is  a  space  of  one  ipiarlcr  of  a  111  lie  flee  lidiii  roeUs,  which  recommence 
.iiiil  iiiii  lor  a  mile  hence  to  the  south  end  of  the  Ten  Mile  Kiver  lie. oh.  The  three  fathom  curve, 
lull. .,' iny;  close  under  the  line  of  vi>ible  rocks  fiom  the  west  ward.  <loes  not  run  ill  towards  the 
I'll' il.  hut  rather  keeps  further  out,  so  that  it  is  two  hiiiidicd  and  lit'iy  vanls  from  the  smooth 
lifiiili  eastward  of  the  mouth  of  the  la;;oon.  Within  the  aica  boiindid  bv  a  line  from  the  outer 
iM'i-i  lucks  to  the  wt  st  otf  lia^runa  Point,  andthe  rocks  and  breakers  to  the  northward,  the  depth 
"'  '(..!,r  Is  nowhere  over  six  and  a  halt'  I'.ithoms,  w  ilh  the  ten  fathom  .iirve  lyiii;:  a  quarter  of  ii 
liiile  .iiitvide  the  above  line. 

Till' w  liai  f  is  about  one  hundred  and  si\l>  vanls  Ion;;,  and  i)io|i'ct>  to  the  norlli  northwest 
"M'l  ill'  locks,  which  are  verv  numerous  (ui  the  west  side  ot'  the  iiioiilh  of  the  la;;ooii.  Tolhi.-i 
ITlill  1.  r P.I 


i'l 


1)0 


rACIl'IC    COAST    I'lI-OT. 


■f^t^ 


^^r 


wliiirf  is  attaclii'd  tlio  aincm  orcliuto  inopcr,  iiml  ii  vt'ssi-I  lit's  iiiidcr  it  in  twelve  l'»".  l  of  wain. 
Vessels  of  one  liiinilred  tons  ilo  not  run  niiieli  lisi;  in  siiniiner-tinie.  Tlie.v  liaul  to  t\w  outer  Ihihn 
wilii  a  noitliwest  wind,  and  willi  a  soutiieast  wind  tliev  sail  out.  A  isndden  coininii  in  of  a  sonlli 
west  swell  willioiit  wind  makes  it  an  uneonifortable  place,  j-'ive  nuiorin^s  have  lieen  laid  tlown 
tor  vessels  to  moor  to.     At  the  eliute  a  vessel  lies  liead  out  oil'  the  nurlheast  iiny;Ie  of  tlit>  whail. 

The  depth  of  water  in  the  ap]iroaehes  to  this  place  has  lieea  nieiilioiied  under  I-afinna  Point. 

The  mill  issilnatedin  Little  \'alle\,  aliont  three  miles  to  the  eastward,  and  has  a  capacii  \  ni 
eighteen  thousand  feet.  The  liiml)er  is  hauled  liv  teams  to  tlu;  chute.  Ties,  posts,  hark,  ami  wmnl 
are  also  shipped. 

In  is.sd  it  was  repoited  that  the  wharf  and  clinic  had  licen  washed  awav  and  that  it  woiiU 
piobalily  not  lie  rebuilt,  the  business  havin^r  been  liansl'errcd  to  I'oil  I'.ra;;;,'  Harbor. 

'I'm  Mil(  L'irrr  Hciiili. —  l"or  a  mile  and  a  half  north  of  l.aj;uiia  Point  the  blnlV  is  veiv  |ip«, 
nearly  sliaiuhi,  and  lioidered  by  sunken  ami  xisjlile  rocks;  1.  none  lie  over  livt>  hundred  ,\aiil- 
I'roii!  shore,  and  the  outciinost  lies  eij^ht  hiiiidrcd  yaiils  iiort  |-  noiiheasl  (NNIC.)  from  l,auiiii,i 
Point.  Then  be;:ins  the  remarkably  straight  line  of  sand  bcac''  hence  to  the  month  of  Ten  Mil. 
K'iver,  which  bears  north  twelve  dej;rees  east  (X.  1- '  1''.)  four  and  one  liflli  miles  from  the  oi 


ilrr 


rocks  olf  Lauuna   Point.     The  bea<-h  is  backed  bv  saml  dunes  for  over  half  a  mile  inland,  w  li 


the  land 


III  one  hnndicd  to  three  liumlit'd  feel  in  elevation ;  ,'ind  al  a  mile  and  a  iniaiter  fi 


the  shore  line  the  fo. est   beirins.      Paid   hills  show  tlienischcs  amonu'  the  forest,  and  on  the   rioill 
bank  of  Ten  Mile  Piverthey  rise  to  j'i^lil    i    iiidicd  and   lhiil,\  feci  williin   one  and   oneipiaiir 


les  of  the  sluuc.     'i"'vo  small  ponds  lie  inside  this  beach.     Theic  are  no  dau;,'ers  off  this  sir 


ctrll 


of  coast. 


Tiic  three  fathom  line  lies  a  little  oxer  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  lioiii  tlii'  shore,  and  the  ten  i'alln 
line  a  liltle  oV(>r  half  a  mile.  They  both  follow  the  fjeiieral  trend  of  the  slmie  very  clo.sely.  exit 
oil  fi'U  Mile  Pivei',  \\  here  the  leu  fathom  line  is  a  little  fai  Ihcr  out.  .\l  one  mile  outside  liiis  lc> 
beach  the  tjeplh  of  water  is  se\cnteen  falhoiiis:  al  two  miles  It  is  lliiily  fathoms;  al  three  mi 
forty-four  fathoms,  and  at  three  and  a  half  miles  foity  eiKl't  fathoms. 

.  Over  this  low  beach  and  over  the  low  country  to  the  southward  the  sninmer  winds  draw 
\ crv  s|niii';lv. 


Ten  Mill  li'ii 


a  shoit  stream  onlv  lifl\  \ards  wide  at  the  month,  which  has  a  I 


ow  point  III! 


the  south  but  a  hiLihcr  one  on  the  north  side  where  the  land  liscs  to  ei^lit  hundred  feet  at  one 
mile  bar!,,  .lust  iiiiith  of  the  moiiili  olllie  liver  is  a  rocky  islet,  scxeiily  _\ards  by  tweiit\  n 
extent  and  forty  Icet  hiuli  ;  it  is  the  lar;;est  in  the  ininicdiate  vicinils,  but  has  not  been  iiaiiiMi. 
The  mouth  ul' the  livi'r  ;;eiieially  {'loses  about  .Inly  and  opens  about  November. 

(tn  the  section  map  of  Californi. I  this  stream  is  c;illed  Iteedohx' Creek.  The  south  foikol  Ki! 
Kiver  heads  behind  Ten  .Mile  I!i\ci.  only  seven  miles  from  the  coast  line. 

Ten  Mile  PiM-r  was  so  named  because  it  was  reckoned  ten  statute  miles  distant  fnnii  the  Nun.p 
Piver,  tbrnierl>  the  chief  settlemeiil.     The  Indian  name  <if  the  ri\ cr  is  is  Pida-to. 

Till;    r<l.\STl.lNK    I'UdM    IKN   MILK  UIVKIi. 

I'roni  the  mouth  of  Ten  Mile  P'ivcr,  which  is  the  easlernmosl  indeiiliilioii  of  the  coast,  tli.> 
slioii'  ticiidsin  a  ^t'ueral  diieclioii  iiorthuest  onethird  west  ( N  W  .  '  W.)  lor  lifts  and  a  half  iiiilis 
to  Point  (iorila.  The  coast  line  is  not  sliai;;lit,  but  retreats  east  of  the  ;ibove  course  about  -  ;> 
lliiles. 

The  marked  feature  of  this  jiait  of  the  coast  is  the  particularly  bold  and  forbidding' uhaiariii 
of  the  sliores,  which  rise  to  ^reat  lieijihts  and  are  backed  by  nionnlains  which  attain  four  to  iim' 
lhon,--and  feet  elevation.  Transverse  t;oi;;es  mark  the  llaiiks  of  the  coast  raiific  where  small  .iihI 
insi;;iiiti(ant  strcanis  empty  into  the  ocean.  Thesoiithein  part  of  this  ian^;e  isco\  ered  with  toir>i. 
but  ticiiii  the  \icinity  of  Point  I)elj;a(la  northward  the  lojis  of  the  moiinlains  are  only  j,'i:i--< 
covered,  partially  wdoded.  OI  iiiaiked  by  a  dense  ;;iow  lli  of  In  iish.  Many  of  the  peaks  almiji  tin' 
coast  ranm'  are  embraced  in  the  ti  iaii}.'ulatioii  of  the  I'.  S.  Coast  and  (leoileiie  .Survey,  ami  lliii^ 
become  well  determined  landfalls  and  landmarks  ft.,  coast iii}f  ves.sels,  espcciall.v  for  sleaiiifis. 

The  (  haracter  of  tlii>  shon^  bears  evidence  tif  severe  erosion,  and  that  it  must  have  reat'licil 
to  and  beytiml  the  iMitlyin^'  rocks.  The  larmier  and  lii;:her  rocky  islets  are  llat  lopped  ami  ot'  in' 
same  };eneral  liei;;lil  as  the  adjaeeiil  slitwe  line.  The  lower  rocks  are  very  sharp  pointfil.  n-'l 
sn;;;.'esl  that  many  such  may  exist  underwater.  The  danyiis  ahni;,' the  coast  are  close  ninhi  :Im' 
high  shori's,  anil  until  within  live  miles  ot' Point  (lonla  no  know  n  <laii),'er  extends  over  oncttnMi  oi 


'l^i 


V 


I' 

■ 
1 

If:  ; 

1    ,  ; 

(J  J^ 


7^7ffegs:stgt^ 


Ni'wport  Laiidiug  (inside). 


.SuutinKo  Muuiitaiii. 

Newport  Bay  Kntrnncfl,  NR.  i  K.,'.j}  railiw. 


\a>d  CiTito.s.  ICir)  left, 
\\V.  I.y  N..1I)}  iiiilfs. 


Aiialioiin  Kuiuiitig, 
N.byW.  JW.,einile«. 


:l  IK  I'   li 
il.lllJ'  !■> 

I  illi.ol 

!Hll   !l('S 
lllH'lil   I'l'l 

Www.     I 


l,.l.l.( 


III' 


"itli  Iriiii 

lllllMiIl'. 
|i';;lll,lll,\ 
•.iilll  lii'.l^' 
'>li't  illlili 
>i.\  l,llllni 
A" 

is  iiiil> 
rijiliiy    lo 
iiiiitli    niij 


'}■ 


mill 


l,\r  lie;;!'! 
Iliur.  T 
I'IrV  .itiiill. 
lull;;,  lii> 
iiiii'iii  |i(iii 
liiiiiilii'ii 
.iimllii'l'  ,v 
>aii|s  iioi 
Wot    S.  ."i' 

III  ;s,> 

for  :i|i|irini 
Tlic  el 

iiiil  111'  till' 
A  ws 

ImW  W.llcl- 

tons  iiiiiy  I 
A  liiiii 
lie  III'  line 
liiisirr  111' 

lil^t  iHllsJd 

A  l.iiiMli  1 
iiM'il   liy    t 

W'v.si'l.s  to 

I'oiiil;  till' 
•■I'Vi'iii  vli\ 
l.iiiiilii 
iiii'iiilis  ill 
Ti'ii  Mil,'  I 
ti'i'l.  anil  t 


ill;':  Hilly 
<»iit.si( 
I'oit  "'live, 
ii"iii  I  111'  el 

lil'lilll   III' w 


I'ACII  If    ('nA>l     I'll.ul. 


2!)1 


!l  Mill 


(VoMi  sliiin'.     Nfiir  Point  (iorilii,  iinil  lour  or  tlvc  inili'H  soiitlicnst  of  it,  arc  sotiic  isolated 
,|;iiii:<  I'M  oiif  iiiile  oil'  slioD-.     'riii'sc  arc  <lt'S('rilir<l  in  drlail  in  llit'ii- |iro|M'r  placi's. 

Kiliisilliili  li'iick. — Tins //((«(/('(■  is  a  rork  a«a>li  in  tlic  approacli  to  Nrwporl  l.andiii;;,  ami  is  tliti 
I  iiil'iNt  i'\Y  siiorr  of  any  rock  lor  nian>  miles  norlli  and  sontli.  II  is  hall'  a  mile  souili  of  Ne\v|iorl 
11(1  Iks  norlli  I'onr  dc;;rccs  west  (N.  4  W.)  lour  and  sevcn-cinlitlis  miles  rroiii  La^niia  Point,  and 
iiiiiii  I'orl.v  ei;;lil  dc;;rces  wcsl  (N.  Is  W .)  one  and  oncci;;litli  miles  Iroiii  tlic  iiionlli  of  Ten  MiUs 
\U\>\.  It  is  a  small  rock,  washed  o\er  almost  eonliiiiioiislv  escii  in  oidinar.v  weather,  and  lies 
lih  <'  i'l(;liths  of  a  mile  oil'  the  line  of  the  elilVs.  <  )thei'  iiieks  and  roekv  islets  lie  inside  of  it,  and 
.1.1111'  iif  the  latter  are  ei;4lil,\  I'eet  hi^li  and  from  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  vaids  in  extent,  llat- 


il  and 


d  w  itii  soil. 


llie  three  fathom  line  of  si<undin;;s  lii  ^  lialfway  lietweeii  the  Kiliesillali  I'oek  and  the  clilfs, 
uitli  liimi  four  to  Ne\en  fallmms  of  water  over  mo<leralel,\  rejjuliir  liottom  tlieiiee  to  iherock. 
Oiil^iile,  and  iiniuediately  around  the  roek,  the  <le|ith  of  w  aler  is  ei;.;ht  falhoms,  and  it  deepens 
ri};iilaily  to  twenty  fathoms  at  three  (|iiart(  rs  of  a  mile  liom  the  rock.  <  hie  ipia  iter  of  a  iiiih-  east- 
siiiiilicasf  (I'^SI'",)  from  this  daiijtcr,  and  two  hundred  and  twenty  .\ards  outside  the  lar;;e  roeky 
islet  iiiidiT  tliti  <;lilV,  i.s  a  )iateli  of  three  small  vi>ilde  roeks  a  hiindred  yards  apart,  but  with  lixc  to 
vjx  r.iilioms  of  water  aroiiml  the  ;;roiip. 

.Siirpnit  l.iiiiilinii. — This  is  one  of  the  most  eontiaeted  aneliora^ies  on  tliei'oast;  the  eovc 
IS  mils  iilioiit  one  hundred  and  lifty  yaids  east  ami  west  hy  sixty  \i.ids  aero>s.  with  eliIVs 
ri^jiily  to  oiK^  liiimlled  feel  hij;li.  It  is  liroad  open  to  the  west,  with  locks  close  niider  the 
iimlli  point,  and  sunken  rocks  more  than  three  luimlred  yards  southwest wardly  from  the 
.'Miili  jMiiiit.  It  is  fourteen  miles  noithward  of  PointCalirillo;  live  ami  one  third  miles  iiorth 
\,\f  ilc;;rces  wi'st  (N.  .">  W .)  from  Layiina  Point;  and  one  and  a  half  miles  northwest  of  Ten  .Mile 
1,'nii-.  The  coast  north  and  south  is  a  line  of  locky,  Ja;:;;cil  clilfs.  ci^'hty  to  one  hundred  feet  in 
ili\,illiiii.  with    iMirderiiiL'  islets  of  the  same  hei;;ht.     .\    liiuh  islet,  oni-  hiindied  and  tiiirtv  vards 


l.ilii;.  II 


;mi:iIi  pni 


IS  two  hnndrcd  and  lifl_\    yards  northwest  l>\  west  (N\V.  hy  W.)  from  the  extremity  ol   tin 
int.  and  iiinetv  vards  south  of  this  islet  lii 


liiiiiiliid  and  liltv  vards  south  fort  v  on 


e  <lci;rees   wc: 


ntlicr 


I  sinil.iii  I'dik.  Another  .v(ni/,(H  nuL  lies  two 
t  (S.  tl  W.)  fioin  the  south  head.  In  ISS.". 
ihiii  fiirk  was  discovered  liioad  oil'  the  south  Ik  .id.  It  lies  one  hundred  and  Iwi'iity 
vai'ls  north  of  the  last  mentioned  rock,  and  two  liiiiidred  and  liltv  ,\aids  .south  tifiynini'  decrees 
wcsl    S.  .-|!l  '  W.)  fiiini  the  south  lieail;   it  is  mat  ked  li>   kelp. 

ill  IS,S.'{  the  white  houses  on  the  ^^rassy  risiii;,'  plateau  ipchind  the  landin;;  atfoi-lcd  ;;ood  marks 

I'lir  Mppiiiacliiii},'  tin \ c 

i'lie  chute  is  on  the  north  point  and   jirojecl.s  two  hiiiidretl  and  sixty  feel  fidin  the  clilf  to  the 
111(1  of  ilie  apron,  under  which  a  depth  ot  ci;,'liteeii  feel  ol  water  is  reported. 

.\  Vessel  at  the  chute  lies  head  out  with  the  chute  on  licr  slailioaid  hand.     .\  rock  show  ini;-  at 
Inu  WMier  lies  onl\    tliirlyli\c  yards  ahead   from    hi'i' starlioard   ho 
tons  iiiav  load  here. 


A  vessel   of  two   hundred 


A  iiiooiiii;;liiioy  liesei;:hty  yards  west  I  ly  south  (  W.  by  S.)  from  the  chute  close  under  the  siiiiiincr 
111' 111'  three  rocks;  liicasl  mooiin;;s  are  fastened  to  the  poiiils  on  cither  side  ot  the  chute.  This 
'liisier  of  rock.s  breaks  the  fmre  of  the  northwest  swell  at  the  co\i'.  Two  other  buoys  arc  ]>laced 
pht  I  Hit  side  these  rocks,  the  outer  one  bearing;'  one  hundred  and  tilly  yards  west  .southwest  (W'SW.). 
A  liiiiiih  buoy  is  laid  close  under  the  northwest  side  of  the  sunken  roeks  olf  the  south  head;  if  is 
iiscil  liy  the  vessels  to  haul  out  to,  and   ui't   nnder   wav   from   in  southeast  wi'a 


Vessels  to  art  a  f,'4 


>d  oil 


iiiL'  in  northwest  winds,  two  bin 


tlier.     To  cnablii 
ivs  lia\c  been  laid  well  out  from  the  north 


iiii:  the  inner  one   is  six   hundred  and    tliirtv   vaids.  and    the  outer  one  eiirlit    hundred   and 


siMiii\  ti\('  \ards  south  si\l\  three  «1 


emees  w 


est  (S.  (i:>    W'.t  from  the  head  of  the  chute. 


I. uiiiln'r  is  shipped  from  this  place  ;  but  vessels  can  not   load  here  more  than  seven  or  eight 
iimiitlis  in  the  Near.     The  avera''c  number  loadini;   is  lift  v  anniialh .     The  sawmill  is  located  on 


T'Mi  Mile  IJive 


r,  to 


iir  and  a  half  miles  from   this  landiii),'.     Itstapacity  i.- 


boiit  tliiitv  thousand 


It'll,  and  the  Inmlier  is  hauled  to  the  chute. 

Since  the  I-'ort  Uraf^fj  Harbor  has  been  established  no  lumber  is  slii|)|ied  l'i(un  Ni'wport  Land- 
ing': eiily  posts  and  tii-s  are  loaded  here  (IssT). 

Outside  of  the  clilVs  the  three  fathom  line  is  oneliflh  of  a  mile  olf  slioic  except  at  tin'  New- 
piPit  I'ove. where  it  reaches  inside  the  points.  The  Icnlathom  line  is  less  than  onethird  of  a  mile 
li'Mii  the  clilfs  of  the  south  point,  and  the  twenty-fathom  line  at  the  distance  of  one  mile.  The 
'lii'ili  of  water  is  thirty-seven  fathoms  at  two  miles  and  fortv-seven  fathoms  at  three,  miles. 


^  Wr 

1  I 

i\ 

i  .1    h^ 


Mmf 


I',\(  II  IC    (iiASI     I'll.nl. 


:•;{ 


iiM  >   iiwilsli   i)IV  ISi'll's   r<iiiil   to  ||m>  (inter  locks  oil' Alialiiiic   roini  llic  (lislaiiri' is  Iwnaiiilii   liiill 
ii,il.  s  ami  till' lii'iiiiii^  imitli  iioilliwt'Kt  (NNW.). 

1,1  It's  Miiiiiitniii,  \^\\>ii  iiiil,\  fliii  tt'i'ii  Ihi  nil  It'll  ullll^  r:i>l  i<r  I  lie  |iiiiiil,  inomi-  lliiiii>Mnil  and  I'ui  ly 
ii  I  '  III  I'li'VatJKii  anil  liari'  mi  lnp,  \v  itii  a  trw  |iiiit'.s  on  III*'  orraii  Hank.     'I'lii'  ;^H'al  lori'.st  of  irilwouil 


\u>  lO 


|Im>  i>asl\vaiil  nltlii'  cnaHt  litljics. 


Il'i  itimrl. — 'I'liii  was  runi  cilx  S\\  il/n's  Clinlr.  Ilin  r  ami  lliiri'  i|nai  h  is  mi  Irs  iMUlliwrslwarillv 
.1I.1114  lliiM'oasI  rnijii  Ni'\v|ioi'i  l.aiiiliii;.',  ahil  hall  a  inilr  ikuiIi  I'l'ltrH's  I'liinl.     Il  is  M-scnli'iii  ami 


Miinl  mill's  iiiiilli  I'Irvrn  ili'Kri'i''^  v^csl  (N-  II  '  ^^.j  liom  romi  ('.ilm 


I 


M'lr  IS  iici  inili'iiia' 


Hull  (if  Mil' Inokcn,  inrk.N  lini'  of  riilVs.''  >iri  llir  r>inhai',\  a  naiiou  |ii>iiii  makrs  mil  oiii'  linmlii'il 
\;lliUamloll'it  lit-  nirks  i^lrls  omt  Iwi'IiIn  Irrt  lii;^li,  |>ai  liallv  |i|'iili  rtril  i>,\  links  to  I  lir  lioi  tliwrst. 
Till  -liiiir  liiir  iiiil'lliwrst  anil  Miiitlii'ast  islioiili  rnl  lor  iirail,\  lliiri'  iiiiiiiliril  \  aids  w  iih  iiiniiim-raliU' 
III!  U  rt'iiMi  awash  to  I'oiiy  or  lllt,\  IVrliilioM'  tin-  sra.  lii'll's  .Moniilain.  JiiM  drsriilu'd,  Iviii;;  one 
mill  10  ilir  soiiilii'ast  anil  iiraily  liail' a  milr  Iroin  llic  slimr,  is  tin'  iu'.-i  landmark.  Tlio  lini}; 
iiiiilliwi'st  i'id;;r  li'oni  tin'  snniinil  li  ads  nrai  Is  to  tlii'  landiii;;. 

rill'  town,  of  alioiit  two  hii  III  1 1  I'll  inlialiilants,  laid  out  on  tlit-  jilalraii  It  hi  ml  Ihr  ,si'a  liilVs,  is  ii 
^r,Miii  ;:indi'  when  ils  IVatiiri's  air  known. 

ll  IS  dillii'iilt  to  di'siiilu'  the  a|i|iiiiai'lii'.s.  Tlic  oiitrrmost  low  inck.  i'i;;lit,\  liy  forlN  \aid.s  in 
I'Mi  III.  Ins  llni'i'  hnmliril  and  loity  yards  otV  slum',  and  il  has  two  Inraks  ni'ar  lo  and  onlsidi*  of 
11,  I  lie  hruikif  iicaii'st  to  iIiIn  low  mrk  Inais  .south  .slM,\  ('i;;lit  (h';;rrr.s  wi'sl  (S.  ti.s  ■  W.)  distant 
iiiii' liiimiird  anil  twrnty  .\arils  Iroiii  il.  'I'lir  ontir ///(((/.vc  is  sonlli  thirty  ri;;lit  (lr;;ri't'S  wist  (.S. 
:;>  \\ .)  iwo  hnndiril  ,\ards  fioin  till' Il  ck.  Thi' onli'r  iinioi jnj;  liiioy  lirs  just  to  tin- wrstwaid  of 
till'  list  licaiin;^'  and  li\t'  linmlri'd  and  luriit.s  lix'i'  ,\aiils  finm  tin-  loi'k. 

i  iifif  an-  two  «'liiit»'.s  ht'iT.  'i'ln-  Noiilhriii  tliiiti'  or  whai  f,  which  has  a  hirj^c  warchuii.st'  at  its 
aiii  I  end,  is  Iiiiilt,  out,  Ihiin  the  .si.\ty  leet  point  of  ililVovei  two  rocky  islet.s  close  toil  and  stietchi.s 
si'.iu.iid  west  .southwest.  It  is  one  linndred  and  tliiit,\  .se\  en  ,\  aids  Ion;;  to  the  apioii  at  I  lie  iioi  ih- 
ui»l  pcpjiil  III  the  oiltel'  islet,  whence  il  si  letches  eij;hl\  one  feet  fill  I  In  r  low  aids  I  lie  west  noithwest 
(i\i  I  iiineteeii  feet  of  walci'.     I'ait  of  this  wharf  is  a   truss  liiid;;i'  fm    forty  seven   \aids  lieiween 


tie  ivMi  roekv  islets;  the  rest  of  it  is  iiuilt  on  timlieis  si  t  in  the  n 


\     Sllllhl  II      I'lK  Ik 


les  a 


liont 


^i>  ,\aids  southwest    from  the  end  of  this  <'liiitc.     The  iiiirlhciii  chnle  conimenci  s  at  the  .sixty- 
lilV  one  hiimlieil  and  lifly  yards  iioith  of  the  point,  and  .stietihes  two  hninlicd  ai.d  three 


lirt    1 


iM't' two  small  I'ockv  islet.s  to  a  third  one,  which  lies  aliont   tillv   vards  north 


wi'.-.i   of  the 


ciiiii  iiiiosl  roeky  islet  of  the  siaithein  chute.     I'liini  its  e\|iemity  an  apmn  reaches  out  twenty-live 
,\;iiiU  over  the  Water  to  a  depth  of  twenty  three  I'ei  I.     This  w  liai  f  or  chnle  rests  on  ti  nil  his  set  in 


Ihr  lucks,   hut    as   the   tindicr.s  aii!   ill 


line    places   twenty  .seven   yards   apart    tiie   Kiiinliiie   in 


iirii^tliciicd  by  trii.sse.'s  tliron;;liont.  The  outer  ends  of  the  two  whaiMs  aie  imi  niore  tli.in  forty 
iiiiN  iipart.  The  la  ml  in;;  can  not  lie  an\  thin;;  lint  daii;;eiiiiis  In  apprnachini;'  or  lea\  iii^'.  Iniinc- 
|;,iiil\  under  the  cliiites  the  swell  is  snmcwhat  lirokeii  lis  the  locks  t'l  the  northwest. 

Iliiee  principal   inooriii;;  liiioys  have  lieeu   placed  outside  in  ;:iiod  water  |i>r\essels  to  haul 
,  or  asvait  their  opportunity  lo  load.     The  ontciinost,  in  tweh 


nil!  to,  or  asvait  their  opportunity  to  load.  The  ontciinost,  in  tw  else  and  a  half  fathoms,  lies  .ses'eii 
Imiilii'd  yanks  .south  .sixty  ile;,'rces  sscst  (S.  (it)  W.)  tioni  the  .sontlicin  clinic;  the  next  in>iile  is 
III  till  fatlniius  iicarl,\  tsvo  hnndicil  yards  further  iushme  and  a  little  soiilh  of  the  .s.iine  heMrln;;, 
nil  I  I  lie  third  is  only  tsvo  linndri  d  and  seven  Is  yards  tioiii  the  chute,  and  also  a  hi  tie  snulli  of  the 
Mini'  hearing',  in  the  and  a  half  fathoms  of  wali 


Tl 


IIS  nidoi  1111;'  lies  a  lilt  Ic  os  11 


tsvo  linndred 


mis  .south  from  the  lar^'c,  loss,  outermost  visihle  rock  olV  which  are  the  tsvo  sunken  rocks  already 
ilunil  to.     licsiiles  these,  there  are  other  inooriiiKs    immeiliately  otV   the  eliiiles.     Shijipin^-  is 


•iis|"'inleil  four  months  in  the  vear  in  svinter,  when  the  iii' 


aie  lilted  and  iiselhaulcd. 


The  holdiii 


round   olV  XN'estport    is  ;;oiiil   in   spots,  with    sandy    liottoni  inleispeisei 


ith 


iiirlv-.  The  osvners  of  the  ehntes  kce]i  the  liiioss  and  iiiooriii;:s  in  ^oud  order,  so  as  to  hold  the 
M'iMMiiiers.  In  a  line  svith  the  apnm  of  the  northern  chute  and  the  I'osl  uiiice  ImildliiL;  then  is  a 
Miiikc'ii  rock  svliich  is  dan^icrons  to  a  stranger,  as  il  is  near  the  outer  Imos  Inii  inside  of  it. 

One  of  the  local  landmarks  used  in  ri'co;:iii/iii^  W'estiioit   in  thick  weather  is  the  lai;;e  tain 
Willi  II  is  up  on  the  rid},'e  just  inirtlnvard  of  the  tosvii. 

The  Imnlier  is  liaiilod  tsvo  or  three  miles  l>v  teams  troni   three  sasvniills  on  Wa.ues  Creel., 


WllH 


ll  empties  into  the  .sea  a  little  over  three  ipiartcrs  of  a  mile  to  the  nortlisvard  of  the  laiidiii';. 
Till  avera^je  iiiiniher  of  ve.s.stds  that  load  here  is  sixty  live  yi-arly,  and  as  niiicli  as  eighty  Use 
ll'  I  .iiid  feet  of  lumher  has  been  loaded  from  the  north  chute  iii  oue  day  Ties,  posts,  bark,  and 
>li.il>i.s,  etc.,  are  also  shipped. 


w 


ili^fl 


<  ..111 


I'lc. 

ll,H  !• 
I ' 


It'll 


ll'l- 


llllllll 

llirf 

nu  II 

|i.Uf 

liU' 
IM   ll   I 

lilty 
;i  '^ml 

IliW     1 

\v .  1 1  r 
llnlll 

tiiiii  : 


■ri'i 


llll'l 

llll'O 


lll'.tl 


IllllM 
llii'M 

III  til 

rinil 


VMll 

linil 


(SW 
Iniir 

llii 
lliii'l 
til  ll 
sliiir 


rAcu'ir  COAST  "ilot. 


•J!t" 


l.itiiili'itU. — One  (if  t'lic  t;rt'iit    lamliiiMi  ks  (oi'  this  scctidii  of  tin'  cuast   lo  vi'sscis  well  ntV  sli 


oro 


j^Cilhhi     Miiiillttlin,  \y'\l\'^   twelve    tiiiles    noitli  ei;;lil.\   Cue   (le;;iees  east    { N.  S,")  '  ll.)  iVoiii  < 'ape  \i/,- 
(Miiio.     It  rises  til  ail  ele\  atioii  <il'  loiii    ilmiisaiiil  and   seventh  six   teet  anil   sliuiild   lie  visilileala 


ili-<l.mw  ol'  sixtv  miles  tVo, II  tliet'u 


isl.     Til 


■(ijiiajiliical  iiDsitioii  of  tlie  iiiiiiiiitaiii  is: 


l.alitiiili'. 
I.iiimiluilr 


::•     ti    III  .1  iKirili, 


ij::    ;;i    it  .r, 


I'lie  lamliiiaiks  foi'  ('ape  \  i/eainn  (( 'nttaiiev  a  lliail)  are:  I'.-sal  ItncU,  always  Mack  anil  in 
siTiM'ii  like  a  lia|ie/(>i(l  ;  Iliu  While  li'oek  (like  I,m'"s  Willi's  rill.ii  i  ;  AiideiMiii's  Clill:  (luster 
Celie  ili'ek  ( I  lie  w  Idlest  is  tlie  must  coineal  lillt  lint  t  lie  iarucst  )  ;  Mur^^aii  L'ciek.  at  t  lie  end  uf  IJear 
llailior  Cliiite,  and  Hear  llailiar  ti  iaii.unlalicni   slalimi,  Just  inirtliol    .Miii;^aii  iliiek. 

('iilliiiicrii  ('(in  11)-  li'dil.jKiil. —  llalla  mile  mirtliwaid  nl Cape  \'i/.cmiiiii  in  iIhs  small  ilideiilalicni 
111  ilieslmle,  Itilt  It  IS  til  lie  ediisideled  lai;:e  :ii  (•iiniparisuii  Willi  Weslpiui.  K  iliesillali,  Newpiiit, 
rl> .  it  IS  lii'iiad  open  to  the  iieeaii,  lint  I  lie  appruaelies  are  treei  I  rum  Kieks  i  han  ihunI  ii|'  llmse  we 
luive  ili'Mi'lilied.  'i'lie  siiiitli  piiiiil  is  liii  iiied  liv  the  niirlliein  part  iil'(  ape  \  i/eaiiiii,  and  tlie  iiiirtii 
piiiiil  is  t'oiiiied  li.v  a  Itiiid,  sharp,  poiiii,  niV  tlie  south  lace  of  winch  lie  se\eral  roeky  islets  with  no 


lassau't'W 


iiv  lictweeii  tlieiii  and  tli 


The  north  point  or  head  !iestweiii\  three  and  one  third  miles  noil  h  einhleeii  decrees  west 
(N.  Ks  W.)  from  I'oint  ("alnillo.  li  is  a  iiaiiow,  pointed  iid  preeipitoiis,  sharp  eliil.  luo  li'indnd 
Irel  lii;;li,  |irojeetiiiL;'  three  hiiiidicd  ,\aids  to  the  u  est  iioi  i  h"' cs!,  iiimiIn  on  the  pio|i)iiL;al  ion  of  the 
iinitli  shore  of  the  eo\e,  wilh  ^iimmils  of  the  roeky  iirojeel  ioiis  sharp  peaked.  Se\eial  meky 
islets   lie  for   two   hlindled    and   t  welity  ,\  aids    lo    the    southward    of  its    soiitheinmosl    pail.       I'ldlli 

le  soiilli    point    till'  distance  is  live 


islets   III  the  nearest    islet    of  the  maii\  small   ones  oiV  i 


liiiiiilicd  and  loity  \aids,  and  the  hearing;  southeast  by  soiiili  |SI'..  Ii\  .~<.).  The  innermost  part  of 
till'  i'ii\e  Is  IJM'  h  II  III  I  red  ,ind  thirty  yards  inside  this  line,  'f  he  neaicsl  imk  on  the  xiiitheasi  is  over 
luiiiiN  lilt   lii;;li.  and  Island    K  noli,  t  liree  hundred  \  aids  hcMiiid   am!  desei  ilied  on   the  preceding 


M  JC.    IS  I 


i\  crone  hniidred  Icet  hi':li.     lloili  he.n 


rise  tiom   1  he  shore  lii 


le  ipiile  sliar|ily,  reaching 


I'uc  liiiiidied  feel  elcvalioli  III  tuo  liiiiidii'd  \ards.      .\loii^  the  soiilheasl  shore  ol    tl 


le  co\  ('  are  se\  • 


IT  1 1  lucks  aliove  water,  and  in  t  he  deepest  part  of  :he  indentation  is  a  s.ind  lieaeli  t  wo  h  inn  I  led  and 
lilts  sards  Ion;;  and  lioideied  li\  a  liioad  lieach  at  I  iw  water.  The  nai  row  ( 'oitaiie\  a  \  alles ,  with 
a -mall  stream  niiinin;;  throiiuli  it.  opens  ii  poii  the  sea  heir.  (Mi  the  no;  ih  shore  tlieie  are  two 
liuv  rocks  inside  the  main  uniiip.  and  a  lew  small  ones  clo>i'  iiinler  the  shore  and  inside  tiie  low 
w.iiri  line.  Tlieie  arc  some  laini  houses  at  the  moiiili  of  the  valley  a  few  hundred  ya.  Is  liack 
liMiii  the  low  sliiireline  at  its  month.  The  land  is  liaie  to  alioiil  ei;;lit  or  nine  Innidred  feet  elcxa- 
liiiii  and  then  tlie  redwood  forest  l>et;iiis  and  is  \eiy  dense. 

There  are  a   U  \\    sinil.in    nuLs    report  ed.  the  most    imjioitaiit    ot'wlii<li    is  the  Ineakcr  alreai.y 


iTi'lied  to  ais  hili;;    t  wo  hiimlied  and    lilts    sard 


s  svest   sou!  Iisse 


n|  Irom    Island    Kimli  on  the  south 


siile  of  the  cose.     Aiioiher  hriaLir  is  ie|iorled   three   hiindi'cd    s  aids  sunt  h  ol   Sc,i  laon  K'ock  (tor 
Icfclclice  III  s\  Inch  see  lie\t   |ia;;e  '.      'I'u  o  ot  her  m/;i/,(  /(  ;r>r/.\  lie.  one  close  on  the  iiorlluMsl  side,  and 


llie  oi  h"r  close  on  the  soiit  licast  side  of  the  oiilei  innsl   rocl^s   Islet  olf  the  north  poii 


t.      Uilhtl 


i\  it;  a  Ions  tile  approaclies  to  this  cose  ,irc  clear  and  hold,  and  the  coSe  it  sell  cIimi'  ot'  rocks  except 
lie.M    I  lie  shore  line. 

rrnin  the  south  an;,le  of  the  north  point  an  excellent  suspension  liiid^ze  has  lieeii  carried  one 
li. nulled  and  sescntylis  e  sards  across  to  the  nearest  rock  svlncli  is  aliont  titf  s  feet  aliose  the  .>'ea; 
tiii'ii  across  this  rock  the  tiamvsay  runs  to  the  southeast  point  of  it  s\liere  a  chute  is  projected  out 
111  the  southeastward  forts  lise  sards  osci  lifteen  feet  ot  ss.ilcr.  .V  sessel  lies  liloadside  to  I  he 
(■hull',  headin;;  to  the  ssestss.ird,  and  cm  casils  uct  to  se.i  uilh  a  iioithssest  wind  The  liiiiilier  is 
I'tlid  nil  the  lock,  liiit  eseli  at  t  Ins  height,  ol  lilts  Icet  aliosc  the  se.n,  the  ss\  el!  alter  a  sunt  licast  er 
will  wash  it  awas  unless  it  lie  lashed  down,  and  sometimes  even  the  |ilaiikiii,u  in  the  siispeiision 
III  ul;;c  is  carrii'd  aw  as . 

There  are  liiiii  piiiicijial  moot  iny;  tiiioys  laid  here,  three  to  tlie  ssestwaiil  of  the  cose  and  one 
111  lli^  middle  ot  tlie  entrance.  'I'lie  outer  Ihios.iii  tliilteeli  fat  lioiiis.  lieais  soiilhsvest  liy  south 
'"^W  .  Ii.s  S.)  distant  sesen  hundred  and  sixts  saids  from  the  chute,  the  second  luio.s,  in  ten  and  a 
li  il!  lalhoinx,  nearly  on  the  same  hearing;,  distant  fi  in  hundred  and  sesen  Is  yaids  troiii  the  chill  e: 
111'   iliiid  one.  Ill  eit;ht    lathoins.  also  on  thesaim-  lieiriii;;    iiearls.ainl  distant   tsvo   hundred  and 


tliiits  sards  from  the  chute.     The  mid  cnti; 


lice,  ol  sunt  licast 


liiios.lies  III  six  fathoms,  and  is  iisei 


to  haul  out  to,  and   s.nl   fioin   in  sontherl.s    winds,      liesidcs  these  there  are  ,ses oral   inoiiiiiij;s  a 
'tlioii  ■fasleniii^.'s  alioiit  the  clinic  lor  sesseN  to  moor  lo  while  loadiii;,'. 


ml 


■f«i'<^«»| 


.M 


W  TA;J. 


fi 


(   I 


hi'M 


/fe./-"TlJ 


2lKi 


rACiiic  roAsT  I'li.or. 


m 


•« 


•y.| 


t       'I 


!'\     I 


•I  ' 


k 


*h 


TIk'  mill  is  locatcil  on  Hie  iioitli  bank  (if  tin'  ('(ittiiiicva  Cicok  mIioiu  one  iliinl  (if  ;i  mile  IVoiii 
its  moiilli.  The  itiiiilu'r  i.s  limnj^lit  In  tlif  ciiiiic  o\or  a  iiamway  wlii/li  wiiuls  aloiiu  (in  tlic  norili 
.siilf  (if  till' };iilcli  at  the  level  til'  tilt.v  two  I'eet  almv c  tlie  sea  tn  tlie  siispeiision  liiiil.Lie  L(i;;s  air 
liroii.ulit  to  the  mill  over  a  sleiiii  lailwav  I'nim  ilie  ('otiaiu'\a  X'allev.  The  eaitaeit.v  of  the  mill  is 
twenty  live  thoiisaiid  feet  jier  day.  but  the  lamliii;;  is  nut  ii>eil  fur  abmit  lour  months  after  Deceiii 
lier  1,  and  the  mill  is  shut  down  dtiriiit;  that  time.  Tiie  a\ ciare  nnmbe:'  of  eai.u'oes  shiiijied  hern  i 
is  tweni  V  tbiir  nef  aiiiiiim. 


'I'liis  aiichora^^c  is  eoiisidered  a\ailal 
nortliwe-^l  swell   does  not  leaeh  this 


II'  \  I'sscls  onl\  (Iiiriiij;  the  siiMimei'  season;  the  hea\ 
of  coast  \\itli  ils  full    force,  bill  the  soillhwfst  swell   rol 


s(iuar(  ly  in. 


T 


le       r,.,|M].;||,||||.;l|       |„, 


sitioii  of  Cottancx  a  ('hiit(  on  the  noi  Ihwsi  head  of  Kockiiort,  as  deh 


niiied  b\  ihc  ( 'nasi  and  (!( 


oilriic  ^^lll  \  e\ ,  is: 


l.aliluiir :!ll     41    iH, 

I.iMi-itnilo  t-JI!     l;i    .■,',' 


In  daniiaiv.  l>s."i.  ihe  majiiiclic  vaiiauon  was  ]■; 


i.sl.  will 


1  a  \ earls  increase  of  (l.'S, 


In  1siI'.M;ocI>iioi  I  ( 'o\  ('  wa>  know  11  as  ihe  ••  .Siiiii!.       Ai    'mraj. 


i; 


orl  or  ('ottanexa  *'huie  is  also  loeallv  kno\ 


-s'  Clinli 


In  lS,s;5  the  coasi  road   exieiided    1  line  miles  noi  ili  wai  d  of  .Uockin 


|ioi  I  ;   Ik 


\oiid   Ihal  ihere  w . 


only  a  tiail  available  loi  1 1  aiis|iorlai  i> 


i'tiltamfi  I.iiikHiiii  is  barel\  laii;('  nioiij^li  to  lucp  one  schooner  in  safely  iii  fair  wealhei 


Ilet^ecii  ('otiaiie\a   llock  and   llardv's   iloek  tli^ 


no  111,'     is  lioi'deicd   w  ilh   rocks  c|i 


nhore:   but  by  li  \  iii:;  w  ilh  the  lead  saiiil>  |ialchesc,iii  be  Inn  ml,  and  a  \  csscl  w  iili  ;:nnd  rn,und  1; 


can  anclini  in  tl 


id,\   |ial(  lies  Willi  a  jiailial  lee  finiii  t  he  northuesl  sea,  and  in  some  ineasii 


iusidetlie  fall  stleiiulh  ol  the  wind. 

Ci'ttiiiu  r<t  III  Shi  III  r  L'lii-f. —  Noi  lli  wesi  w  aid  fioiii  ('oliaiie\a  no  dantreis  to  iiavi.;,iaiioii  have 
been  ton  lid  cxcciii  those  in  siulii.  Ill  slim  II  HI'  wcall'i'i  \  (■■•scls  can.  as  a  i  iile.  a|i|iioaeli  i|nitc  cio.^i 
to  the  shore  and  ontl.\  in;;  rocks.  When  bound  lo  Slnllei  Coxcin  a  I  luck  fo",  sieameis  can  keep 
within  a  (|iiailer  of  a  mile  of  the  shore  alter  passin;;'  Hear  Ilailior  if  they  are  riiiinin^  foi'  Shelter 
{'o\  e  and  arc  iml  pcrlccily  cerlaiii  nt'  tiieir  pnsilion.  'I'lie  echo  of  the  steamer's  u  hisllr  ;;i\'es  a  hiii 
idea  of  the  disiancc  fioiii  shore,  and  I  lie  lead  line  will  u  arii  1  hem  if  riinniii;^  ton  cinse  in  the  i'ock>. 

>(  ((  I. inn  Umk  lies  three  hundred  ami  I\m  nl  \  li\e  \  aids  imrl  Invest  of  the  h|rh.  .sjiarp  noi  llme-l 
point  ol'  iioekporl  Cove.  It  is  only  about  ten  licl  abnv  ■  water,  thirty  ti\(',\,irds  loiir;,  and  tifli-i  ;i 
yai'ds  bioad.  It  is  resented  to  b\  sea  lions.  A  kiikLui  iml;  is  repoileil  to  lie  three  hundred  yaiiN 
south  ol  Ihe  Sea  Linn  Itock. 

Willliimn'  I'liiiil  i\ui\  Siijilii  )■  I'litiih's  I'liiiit,  about  a  mile  tothr  noitliwaidof  I'oekpoit,  Iiim  im 
spi  eial  mark  m  prominence  and  cm  not  be  made  on  I  li\  vessel .  i\  rn  i-|nsc  under  the  land.      I'iicN 


lie  simply  locd  desiuiialions  ol  clilfs  piojcil  Iiil;  onl\  om-   hnmlrcd    van 


•>  olid    the  y'elM  r. 


of  the  slioii' and  marked  b\  iiiaii,\  rockv  islets  and  rocks.  'Ihe  shore  line  lor  t  wo  miles  henri  i. 
the  noi'lln*ard  is  xcry  biokcii  and  bordereil  by  many  rocks,  but  none  ox cr  oiie-sixth  of  a  mile  limi 
shore.     No  kiiiiwn  dan;:ers  exist  oiilsidc  tin'  xisiblc  iim  ks. 

Northwestward  ol  I'oekpoit  ( 'o\'e  lie-in  shmi  sii,i,li,.s  ni  sand  bcaeli  at  Inw   water,  brokeii  '. 
.jiittini:  pdiiils. 


the   two    nieiitinmd    abnve.   oil    wliiili    le    K 


'Xlciidiliu  at    the  ninsi    il.i< 


humlreil  yards  iVnin  .dime.     At  three  and  a  hall   niihs,  iieail\.  Irom    l;oid>port  lie  the  Iiimlil,  ' 
Ii'ikI.s.  lifleeii  and  twenty  feel  hi;;li,  and  two   hnndied   and  liinel\   \aid.soll   slioie.     .\l    li\c 
lies    /'\\((/   /ox/,,  alwaxs  black    in  color,   lill\    feet    lii;^li,   loii\    v.iids   in   cxiciil,   ami  t  w  o  liiiiidiei 
yards  otV  a  point  of  rocks.     Six  hnndied  ,\  aids  behind  Ihc  .shme  line  at   this  point    iiie  land   iisc' 
sharplv  to  clcxen  hnndied  feel  elexatioli,  and  then  the  icdwond  lores!  lie;;iiis, 


fli'il 


III!  Iiriiinl  I'll  I'ssiil  li'iiil.. —  \\  one  mile    lliiic    |s   a   dclilh  ol    lifle.ai    ratlioiiis  ol  wall  I 


ClK/I'd/l'r// 

over  a  boll of  j.'ra>  sand:  at  t  wn  miles.  I  Ini  ly  bill is  n\ci    siiinlai    bnlioin  :  al  three  iiiih- ll" 

depth  is  lifiv  three  fathoms  ov  er  yreeii  mud,  which  is  liisi  1 i^ht  up  tiom  tilt>  faihoins;  al  leu 

miles,  si\i\  I  un  fathoms  of  water  ov  11'  ;.Meeii   mini:  .ii  li\  e  miles  the  de|iili  is  se\ei,i\   l.iilioiis. 
water  ovei    "iv,. II  mini;  at   six   miles.  se\ciil.\  se\cn   faihoins,  and  at  sexcii  miles  ei;.dil\  li\eiii^ 

OIUS.  bol  h  over  '.lleeii   mini. 

r.v.sd/  rf///( // —  I'loii,  Williams'  I'oiiii  the  coast  inns  nearlv  slrai^dii  north  t  went  \  loni  de^;!!  • 
West  I  N.  'J  1     W. '  four  and  i  w  n  thirds  miles  to  the  open  un:  <  if  I'ssal  \'alle\ ,  the  imniili  of  w  Imi 


at  I! 


IC  ileepi 


~l  imleiilalioii  of  the  coast  line  bctueeii  I'nini   .\rena  and  I*,  in'  (bird. I,  Niv  ami 


miles  noi'lh  I  Weill  \   lour  dc;.;i'ees 


west  (.N.  l-'i     W.)  Iioin  ( 


ape  \'i/.eaino,  anil  Iweiils  nine  iiiii 


I'Aciru:  COAST  PILOT. 


297 


i     >*':'     •  "t 


iilii.  ticii  (IffiiTOS  west  (N.  10^  \V.)  from  I'oiiit  (';iliiillii.  The  sniiill  .str(  am  of  the  siiinc  iiaiiit'  runs 
ilii  i-li  ihis  short  vall;'y,  lint  lias  not  siillicicnl  water  to  lucak  tliroii;;li  tlic  sand  at  tlic  nioiitli. 
|m,  ;,  MMWard  tlio  t'oiiisc  of  tlii'  I'ssal  is  iiiarlicd  ncii'  tln'co,;st  Ity  a  tlccp  cafiori,  wiiicli  opens  n|ion 
;i  i.ill  area  of  tiat  land  with  a  low  itcacli  in  front.  I'xliiiid  Ihis  iiiarli  and  on  llj<' sontli  side  of 
t!ir  nicitith  of  tlio  stream  is  a  honse.  from  the  inonlli  of  the  valley  the  eoast  inns  to  the  west- 
iiiiiiiuest  (WNW.)  for  three  or  four  miles. 

.Meain  vessels  iniinin;,'  close  under  the  shore  to  the  norlhward  leeitj^ni/e  Issal  Valley  liy  tlui 
sliiii'  depression,  the  smooth,  j,nass;.  hillock  inside,  and  the  far  \ievv  inside ;  Imt  it  is  o|)en  for 
,1  M  ;\  short  time.  In  ISS.S  pre|iaratioi;.,  were  liein;,'  made  to  coiisiincl  a  chnle  for  the  shi[)ment 
III  liiiidier  on  the  west  >ide  ol   the  moiith  ot'  the  vidley. 

Shi  Iter  Ancln»-(iiii  iifflliv  Isstil  Vultvij. — In  the  strong;  northwest  winds  that  prevail  aloii};  short) 
IJKir  is  often  a  narrow  strip  Just  under  the  shore  wheie  caliiis  anil  ii;,dit  sontlierly  airs  oeeiir,  as  if 
Ihii.  was  an  eddy  (oiiiieil  l>y  the  wind  liaiikiii};  anainsl  the  hiuli.  hold  land  of  the  coast.  At 
(iiliii  limes  the  wind  lilows  home  very  slron;;. 

I  or  instance,  ihe  Coast  Hurvey  steamer  has  several  times  anchored  in  tin' lii;;iit  ntV  llie  I'ssal 
\  .\\\r\  and  found  coinpai.itiv  ely  sinoolh  water  there,  even  w  ii.'U  llie  sIiihil;  In'ee/.e  was  followilif^ 
llir  iiiiiil  of  the  land.     The  swell  was  lirokeii  liy  the  iiiojcctin^;   land  in  liie  vicinity  of  IJi;^  Wliito 

l»(iiint;  the  S]trin}j  months  the  winds  at  iiij,'lit  freipiently  litevv  in  heavy  jiiisis  from  the  land, 
,iiul  Ihis  would  rapidly  smooth  down  Ihe  sea  raised  by  tiie  north  west  w  inds  of  the  da.v. 

iijiin  iir  OtJ' slanr  AiKhiiniiii.s/rmu  I'ssul  Vulliii  ta  Capv  Mi'iiiliiciiiu. — 'I'lie  snivcyin,:;  steamer 
iisi'l  III  anchor,  when  vv<'alhei'  permitted,  wherever  sandy  liottoin  was  foiind.  When  torced  liy 
ill.  hciv.v  iKirlhwest  swell  and  wind  to  run  southward,  each  of  the  follovvin;,'  localities  were  at 
ililli'iriii  liiiics  anchored  in: 

\hiiiit  one  mile  cast  sontlieasi  :  llSlv)  l-om  Siinhrick  K'oek  in  ten  fathoms  of  water  over  line 
L,'r:i>  >.ind. 

in.e  mile  iilV  the  wreck  of  the  Attir, .  which  is  live  and  a  half  miles  north  of  l!iu'  flat. 

•'  ■  mile  wfsi  of  the  Litln  wreck,  three  miles  nurtli  of  j'.i^;  h'lat  and  aliout  half  a  mile  oil' 
^li. 

< 'i  all'  a  mile  otf  the  e<iast,  and  Iroiii  smilhwaid  of  Mackev"^  lieach  to  within  one  mile  of 
111')  iii'lds  Itiick. 

•  hilside  of  the  kelp  from  one  mile  almve  Mussel  l.'ock  to  diic  liall'  mile  smitliward  of  tin; 
lir\  i!'- Ciate  ii'iick.  preleialilv   alilcasl  of  I)i'iiiiiiL;ii'>   hdiise  in  laniiewilji  the  shed  mi  llielieaeh. 

SiMiietiiiies  just  insidt^  of  the  kelii  patches  otV  this  siretch  of  the  .shore  in  frniii  ei^^ht  to  nine 
I'.illiiiiiis  of  water. 

I  lie  rest  iif  the  coast  from  Shelter  Cove  to  Cape  Mendocino  shonid  lie  avoided  as  anchiira;j;e.s 
I'll  .ic'iiiint  of  Ihe  foul  liottoni,  the  peculiar  currents,  the  |Hii\lmily  of  daii;;ers,  and  the  stieiigtli 
(if  till'  w  inds. 

/.'/|/  While  lu'ck. — I'"roni  I'ssal  \alley  the  slei  p  sides  of  the  coast  ran  j;e  };idw  steeper;  the 
"ii^tirail  kee|)s  hi^jher  and  runs  into  the  luroi.  The  sand  lie  icli  lireaks  olV  aliriiptly  at  I'ssal 
\.illiv.  I>i^'  White  Iioek  lies  one  and  five  sixths  miles  Irom  I'ssil  \alley  and  thirty  miles  north 
t'Vii;' ,  I  wo  ile^ree.s  west  (N.  "Jl."  \V.)  Irom  Point  C.ilMillo.  Ii  is  almnt  eighty  vards  liy  forty  in 
Mil-Ill.  aliout  one  liKlidred  '"ct  hi;;li,  and  une  hmnlicd  and  Iwciilv  vaidsfiom  the  sleep  shiire, 
idiicli  is  liordeied  !•>  many  smaller  mcks.  sunie  nt  which  are  over  twenty  feet  hi;;li,  Imt  all  close 
iii-hnie.  One  iixk  itinish  lies  two  ■  ;!,dred  and  sixty  yards  nlV  slioie  and  south  lifl.v  dcLriccseasl 
1.^. 'ill  i;.)  tliiec  hniidii'd  and  seveiitv  vards  from  lii;;  While  i.'nck.  .\  sceond  (vr/,  tiicd.sli  lies 
liallW  IV  lieiweeii  tin  se  two.  Two  other  rucLs  iiiri(sli  lie.  !especiiv  elv ,  I  mi  hundied  and  ninety 
ami  'Mil  hiiiiilred  yards  oil'  shore  and  lieariii;;  north  eli^dilv  three  depicts  west  (N.  s:P  W.)  live 
liiiii'lii  d  and  sixtv  \  aids,  and  nm  ih  ei-hty  decrees  wot  (N.Sd  W.ci'ihl  liu'idrcd  \  aids  from  lii;,' 
Whit-  iliiek. 

1^  ^  White  Hock  is  i|Uilc  a  liola'ile  fcatnic  in  ihe  d.et.iils  ol  tin-  shoreline,  and  especially 
;!ii|"iiaiit  when  the  hij^her  parts  of  the  shoie  are  under  to;;. 

Ililiind  l!i^'  While  Hock  the  fuii  «t  conieN  within  two  liundicd  vards  of  !he  s' a,  Imt  at  an 
'  I'Vi'iiui  <•♦'  seven  or  ei^;hl  hundred  net. 

U  ■Irtrnftnijiliii  hriKiil  e//'  /.'•//   \l7(,(c  !\'i)' k. — ,\ I   one  Mile  fmm   the  shore  Ihe  soniidiiius  show  a 

'I'     "f  .  weniy  fathoms  uf  water  ovci  a  liotlniii  nf  line  gravel  and  y:!av  sand  :  at  two  niiles,  fm  ly. 

lii'iiiis  over  ^ra^v  sand;   at    lliiee  niilcs,  lift;*  eii;hi  fathoms  over  ureeii   mud,  whi.h   is  lirst 


t      l'\ 


\^iC<4 


':;!:' 


rf« 


I 


'1 


IJlf 


'  *^    t; 


298 


rArilTC    COAST    PILOT. 


found  lit  a  tloi)tli  of  fifty  fiitlioins;  at  four  riiilcs,  sixlv-iiiiit' fatlioms  over  urccii  inml ;  at  live  iml,  >; 
wviMity-scvtMi  fiitlioins;  at  six  iiiilcs,  t'i{,']il>  fatiioiiis;  and  at  scxi'ii  iiiiit's  fijiiilylivc  tadioms  o, ,  i 
giTi'ii  imid,  as  were  tlu>  proccdinj;'  soimdiiifis. 

Xiiithpnrt  La»(Unij. — Tins  laiidinj;  (abandoiu'il  l.-S-S)  is  at  a  very  slifjlit  indi-ntatioii  of  Mm' 
stOi'i)  siioi't's  one  and  lUU'  i|uartt'i'  iiiiics  niU'lIiwcst  fiom  IJiit  While  Uoi  k.  uudcr  a  lii;;li  and  sli;;||i|\ 
lii'ojcctinj;  point  named  l.iltir  Jdchdus  I'niitt,  It  is  tliirty  one  miles  noilli  twenty  lliree  and  a  IimIi 
(le;jiees  west  (X.  L'.'i.P  W.)  fioin  I'oiiit  Caliiillo  and  ei;;'hl  ndles  iiortli  loiiy  de;,'rees  west  (N.  in 
W.)  from  lioekport.  Nortliwestward  of  this  cove  tiiere  are  no  other  eo\is  lor  three  mile-,  .iii 
there  is  one  of  aliont  the  same  size  half  a  mile  eastward  and  neater  lo  lii;^-  While  Itoi'k.  j  ii, 
point  wliieli  t'orms  the  shelter  to  Noiilipoit  rises  to  three  hundred  leel  in  two  hundred  ,\arcl.s,  nul 
its  eastern  side  runs  one  hiindreil  yards  norihwaid,  then  northeastward  for  three  hundred  yaiiU. 
and  then  <'ur\('s  sharpl.v  to  the  soulhoast  lor  li\c  liuiidred  _\anls.  I  i  the  deepest  part  oiijn' 
euive  a  small  laeeU.  ealh'd  the  lallle  .lai'kass,  enters  throuLih  a  luoad  low  waler  lie.ieh.  'I'lnu  ■> 
cue  small  loek  thirty  live  yards  west  ol'  the  point,  and  a  kidiLiii  ruck  foui'  hundred  .\ards  Mnnh 
lil'ly-seven  decrees  east  (S.  oT  '  1'.)  Irom  the  point  and  one  hundred  and  t\\ent>  ti\e  yards  oil  ihr 
souiheast  shoreline.  A  line  of  live  rocks,  three  hunilred  _\aidswe.>i  from  the  poinl.  lie^  \\i\\\\\ 
and  south  lor  one  hunilred  ami  eighty  yanls.  The  outer  rock  lies  three  humlreil  ,\  aids  from  sli.rif. 
The  middle  one  is  known  as  Jackass  t'one  and  is  tweulylive  feet  lii.nli. 

The  I  iiidinu'  is  broad  open  to  the  si'a,  lull  llu'  proteetiiui  is  said  to  lie  moderately  yood.  a^  ihc 
line  of  icicks  at  dackass  ("one  breaks  the  swell,  which  also  appears  lo  lie  lessened  under  rcini 
Dil^.id;;  ami  i'oiiil  tlorda.      I'lie  lamlinji  is  axailahle  for  si\  nionlhs  in  the  \ear. 

'I'he  Vessels  were   loaded    by  means  of   a  wire  cable  stretched    I'lum   nea''  the  eMii'mil\  ol  tli 
jioiut,  between    their  masts  to  a  heavy  moui  im;-  to  the  ea--t  ward    in  Ihe  cnx  e.      .\  iMue  loaded  w  i'li 


tan  bark   was  lowered 


from    the   landing  slace  lui    the  elilVdowii   aliuij;    the  cable  ami   ovc 


Ve>sel  s  (Ire 


The  head  iiiooiiim  lor  the  \e.vse 


il  otV  ihe  prolonu.ition  of  the  poim 


iiithward.  and  olhei  mocuiiius  and  slmie  fasleninus  were  lived  ii 


ieep  the  \ cs^cl  in  position. 


The  j;eoj;raphieal   position  of  the  <  oast  and  (n'odelic  Sui  \  ey  staliiui  on  the  noilliue.Ni 


<ldr  lit 


the  hill,  a  boll  I  three  hundred   feet  above  the  sea  and  two  hundred  yards  m  at  h -non  h  west  (N.N  W, 
liom  the  e\iremit,\  of  the  pnint,  is: 


l.;nuiiili'  . 
I...iii;itu.lr. 
<  'I.  Ill  liiiii' 


:ia    .M   :!■-''    noiili 


ij;i    :.i  III 
-'    I.-.-  :ii.M. 


W  fMt. 


In  latitude  ."i',r  |,SA'  Tcbenkoff  has  named  what  a|)pears  on  his  chart  a  very  marked  pi. nit, 
Cape  \'i /can HI,  with  .i  .--iicaii,  to  !!],■  eastward  that  may  have  been  eou|ei-iiiiei!  to  e\i>i.  \\  .■  h.m- 
located  his  cape  at  <  'ollani'va. 

Ili/ilri'iirniilii/  niirlliinnil  III'  tin  Xiiijiiiit  r/ui/i.— The  slal'ou  inside  the  elilV  al  Neupeii  <liiiii' 
(lliu>liy  roinl !  is  in  latilmle  '.'.I  .tl' ■_'.;.  Icii-ilude  iL'.i  |ti';;i'.  Ili-nce  to  the  noiihwol  .ilii,i--i 
tlu'  coast  in  lalil ude  .I'.i  ."ip  the  three  lall.om  line  keeps  close  to  the  rocky  shore  and  Just  oiil-iilc 
the  idckv  i'-lets  which  skill  II.      I  ii  many  cases,  as  just  soul  liof  New  poll  < 'hule,  south  of  Kibesil'ili 


(   liiilf.  l.iMie  .l.iekass.  and   .\ndeisoii"s  Clllf,  Ihr  di 


ep  Walci    ic.iijio  III  the  poMil   of  llir  c 


lilts 


avera;;e  ili^taiicc  of  this  depth  from  Ihe  shore  is  three  huiidiid  and  lilt.v  vanls;  but  in  sonic  li» 
eases  i.solaled  dain;eis  lie  outside  Ihe  line,  as-s^wil/ei's  K'ock  and  Sea  {.ion  b'.ick  near  roll.iiic.i. 
In  lln'  bii.;ht  near  I'ssal  K'nel  there  are  isolated  patches  of  kelp  licaih  to  lli;:  While  Ion  k.  I  he 
bottom  alon;;  the  lliree  fathom  lini'  is  ;,feiieially  rockv. 

The  ten  lalhom  line  a vei,i;jes  a  distance  of  half  a  mile  (Vom  ^luuc,  but  is  le>s  th;in  one  .]         • 
of  a  mile  olf  near   New  port  t'hule.  r.inhers  i'oiui.  ,ind  «  oi.meva  ('huie.     Ahui;;  the  liu- 
f.ithoins  Ihe  bottom  is  ueiieiall.v   loekv   with  patches  of  ,iav  sand  .ind  broken  shells. 


The  tweiitv  lalhom   line  avciafjes   a   mile  liom   -.le.ie  but 


ibieast  Issal  b' 


Ihe  bottom  is  ;^enei  .dlv 


;ra\   s.m 


i:ici  cases 


il,  ivceot    w  here  tl 


to  iMie  and  a   half  le 
e  line  i'Iom'*  on  the     ' 


when  It  IS  found  lo  be  lock.v. 

The  tifl.v  ■fathom  line  is  three  miles  (roin  slietc  over  a  Imtf.  .n  <if  y:teeii  mud  <>i  iH,\y 
abreast  t  oltanev  a    I  he  distance  of  the  (ills  f:illioni    line  w  utt.,^  one  atnl  three  i|i  .uleis 

-hole,       In  all  casc^  the  deplh   llicleases  <pii|c  le;jiil,i|  l\   ..iktsi.l^  till'  line  ol    li>e  lalholi"- 

'Ihe    line  of  el;;lil  \    fathoms     lies    abi  I'll   si\  or  se\  eli    mile     ott    si 
liottoin  lliroii;;lioiit  is  ;,'reen  mud. 


lore  ai-d    Is  i|ii  r. 


/\i//i    -  111  winter  the  storms  tear  away  the  kelp  trom  the  shoal 


I'oel,  \    III 


itoticv  si>  itlHt  a  V< 


mav    be  misled  in  sprinj.;    bv    not   seciiij.:   it.     Iliil    in  dfe|i  wa'er,  eiixhi    to  »«ii**«i'ii   latl 


lOllls.  'Ill' 


\:    \\ 


mn,.. 


PACIFIC    COAST    PILOT. 


299 


« inter  },'iili's  do  not  tear  tlie  kc!])  away,  and  tlifrcforc  in  tlic  .sjirinp  a  vessel  may  go  safely  lliron;,'Ii 


ih' 


TlIK   rOAST-MNK    To    POINT    DKI.riAPA. 


iul 


I'i'oni  Ni'VthiJoit  llic  jifiicral  trend  nl' tin- coast  to  I'oint  l>rl};ada  is  nortli  fiCtv-iive  dcytrces 
t  I  N.  ;').">-  \V.)  and   tin- ilisiaiicc  twelve  miles;   lliesiiore  tails  haeli  alioiit  one  and  one  (|iiarler 

>  IVoin  tills  course.     'I'lie  coast  is  lioid,  eonipacl,  and  vers   liif;li,and  the  inonnlains  rise  tooviT 

llioiisand  feet  within  tive  miles  of  tlie<'oast.  In  part  tliev  are  l)are-to|i|ieil,  and  sonn'times 
li.ni  trees  upon  them.  The  trianj;ulati'>n  of  the  Coast  and  (leodetic  Survey  locates  several  of  tlu! 
Iiuiii'r  pea  lis  a  Ion;;  the  coast  ran;:e.  These  pea  Us  are  lrei|in'iill.v  seen  and  rcco;;ni/.ed  l>,v  the  coasting,' 
si,  liners  when   ten  or  lilteen   miles  oil  shore,  over  the  thick   lia/e  Ivin;;   low  alon;;-  the  shore  and 

,• ealin;;  it.     And  at  other  times  they    are  visilileto  vessels  motlerately  close  inshore,  over  the 

|ii»  I'o^j.     No  known  dan;;ers  lie  fiirt!ier  than  a  cpnirter  of  a  nule  otf  the  shoie. 

Aicui;;'  this  stret<'h  of  coast  are  ii'i  names  ol  importance  or  descriptive  to  the  navi;,Mtor. 
Tin  >  all  have  a  local  tlaviu'.  and  the  olijccts  desi^iiiated  can  be  reeo;;nized  only  when  a  vessel  is 
.Miiiin  a  nnh'  or  less  of  the  shore. 

Anih  ymnt's  ClijV. —  .\  slnut  distance  noithvvcst  ward  of  tin'  recession  of  the  shoie  at  I'ssal  ("reek 
ih.  ic  is  a  Ion;;,  ronndin;,'  curve  of  the  lii;;h  coast  ri<l;,'e.  The  cn'st  line  readies  i  welve  hundred 
;iimI  fourteen  feet  elevation  ahiea--t  the  (aiteriin  ^t  part  of  the  Ion;;,  roiindiii;; cnrve  at  less  tliaii 
li;ill  a  mile  from  the  shore.  The  seaward  face  tf  th'  ....Muitaiii  side  is  covered  with  a  dense 
;,'i..uiliof  liushes,  locally  known  as  Cliimese.  and  ti  ■•  <'rest  line  is  marked  liy  the  heavy  ;;rowtli 
(ii  piiie  and  redwood. 

.Anderson's  ClilV  is  the  face  of  a  Jiittin;;',  rocky  spur  (leculiarly  markin;;  this  ]iart  of  the  coast. 
It  i-~  six  hundred  and  ei;;hty  feet  lii;;h  witlnn  one  hundred  antl  twenty  live  yards  of  the  shore,  and 
stands  out  more  pinmitiently  liecanse  a  small  liianch  of  Jackals  Ciiiich  to  tin-  norlliwaid  falls 
;iu.iy  lieliiiid  it.  'I'liere  is  a  lar;;e  rock  with  many  smaller  rocks  close  under  the  shore,  reachin;; 
|ii(ilialily  tvvo  hundred  yaids  out. 

This  clilt  is  two  miles  northwest  by  west  (NNV.  Ity  W.)  from  l!i;;  White  1,'ock;  three  and  two- 
Iliiiils  miles  northwest waid  troin  the  month  of  I'ssal  CieeK.  and  nine  and  two  thirds  nii'es  from 
<  .i|ie  Vi/caino.  It  is  eleven  and  three  ([uarleis  miles  .south  tilly  li\c  devices  cast  (S.  ,">,">  !•;.)  from 
.sjirltcr  Cove. 

Iljlilnuiriiplni  i>tV  A  mli  rsaii's  ('HO'. — .\  t  a  distance  of  one  niih'  from  shore  the  soiitidinus  ;;ive  a 
ill  pth  of  lilteen  fathoms  of  water  over  line  f;ray  sand  ;  at  tuo  miles  lortylivc  fathoms,  line  ;;i'ay 
s.it'il:  at  tliiee  miles  lilts  nine  lallioms  over  ;;reeii  miid,  which  is  liist  foiiiiil  ;ii  lilty  fathoms;  at 
Inn  I  miles  sixty  nine  lathoiiis,  ;;reeii  nind  ;  at  live  miles  seventy  I  wo  fallioiiis,  ;;  recti  mud  ;  and  at 
M\  miles  seventy  nine  lathonis  over  ;;reen  mud. 

■  hicLiiss  <ltil<li  is  the  short,  cotiliacted  valley  and  small  eteek  one  and  a  half  mile-  northwest 
III  Ncitliport.  Its  mouth  piesei'ts  the  only  lic.ich  at  hi;;h  water  for  several  iiiilis  ot' coast  line 
liiiiiliwest  and  southeast,  although  it  is  oiilv  one  hiindied  and  liflv  vaids  Ion;;.  I'his  lieaeh  is 
li.nkcd  l>y  a  small  la;;o(Ui  iceeiviiin  water  from  l\\o  small  slrcains.  one  iVom  the  southeast  iind  the 
'itlier  from  the  north.  .\  hi!!,  seven  liniidred  I'eet  hiuhwilli  piccipilons  front  on  t  lie  o<'ean.  lies 
Mill-  third  ot'  a  mile  on  the  northwest,  and  ;Niotliei.  tliiee  hundred  feel  lii;^h  u  illi  steep  ocean  llaiik, 
ir.ii  hill;;  dow  n  lloiii  Anderson's  ClilV,  lies  jiisl   to  the  south.      The  i;iileh  is  in  latiliide  ;i'.l    .">J  ■    iioi  ||i. 

Cliialr)-  i'liiif  liml;  is  the  whitest,  most  conical,  but  not  the  lai^est  ot  a  Miiall  cliisti'r  of  liiy;h 
II  iKs  cxtendin;;  two  hundred  and  tweniv  live  \ards  iVoiii  the  liii;li  point  w  liieli  foiiiis  vvliat  was 
I'lhieily  known  as  Hear  liaiboi'.  It  is  about  eighty  feet  lii;;li.  anil  lies  linir  and  two  lliirds  miles 
iii'itliwest  Ironi  \V\]i  White  |;o<k  and  nine  miles  south  litt.v  seven  decrees  cast  i,'^.  ,")7  lO.ifiom 
.•>iir!ler  Cove.     The    lai;;esi    ii,c|<    js  sixtv    vaids   in   extent    and   over  one   huiidred    teel  in  height. 


Till  -e  roeks  serve  to  break  the  luutliwest 


ihieh  lolls  into  the  small  cove  under  the  point. 


e  w  ater  outside  is  shallow  . 


I'ormerlv  material  was  landed 


riiis  cove  is  a  sli;;ht  iinlenlatiim  of  the  shore  line,  but  priiiiipallv  foiiiiid  bv  tlie  hiuh  point 
niiiii;;  out  one  hundred  vards  to.vards  the  southeast.  'I'lie  low  vvalci  beach  runs  east  iVom  very 
lie. II  the  extremity  of  this  point,  and  th 
III  :  t.ikeii  toll!  here  in  li;;lilers. 

Inside  the   poiii!    there  is  a  small   slieaiii  whose   main    biaiieli   conies  for  a  mile  iVom  the  west 
ii'iiiiiwest    parallel  w  itii    the    -hole,  and   oiilv  (Uie   hiindicd    to   two  hiiiidred    v  aids  tiehiiid  it  :   but 
Mir  iid;;e  between  the  stream  and  the  shore  uses  to  over  three  h  ill  id  led  lee  I  clev  ation,  and  is  (pij|t> 
■I  t'  it  are  in  the  loeality,   iltliou;;li  not  so  ma  iked  as  a  larger  and  similar  <ine  oii>   mile  to  the  west 
iK'i  III  west. 


n 


f , 


lif 


''\%  i 


]()0 


PACIFIC    COAST    riliOT. 


The  latitndo  of  riiistor  <'onp  Rork  is  .ifP  r.lij'  north. 

Thcaurvt'yiiif;  ttttaiiuT  iiiichonMl  scvt'iiil  times  lM'h)w  mid  just  outsicU  those  rocks  and  foiiiHl 
{^ood  holiliny  fj:r(>und,  with  tlie  wind  anil  sea  inueh  lifjh'er  than  onlsiih-. 

linir  lltirhor  iMihlini/. — \'er,\  nearly  half  a  mile  we^t  northwest  from  Clnslcr  Cone  IJock  li.  ^ 
a  patch  of  rocks  extemliiij;  two  hnmlred  yards  from  the  hij^h,  rocky  clilVs.     'l"hc  area  of  liicsc  to  j 


rocks  is  about  one  hnmlred   yards  l»v  tilt v,  and   tliev  were   formerlv  !• 


known  as 


!\Iorj 


an's  i;<i( 


They  lie  ei^iit   and  two  thirds  miles  sontli  tilty-eifiiit  dcj^ri'es  cast  (S.  "iS^  !•;.)  from  I'oint  l)el;;;ii 
(Shelter  Coxc)  and  tliirtecn  miles  north  forty-two  decrees  west  (N.  !_'  '  W.)  from  ("a'lc  N'i/.caino. 

From  llic  clitls  abreast  Morj;an"s  liocks  a  very  substantial  wharf  has  been  built  (ISSj)  to  il 
rocks  nearly  due  south.  It  cni'ves  IVoni  the  inner  rock  to  the  hifjh  ami  outer  one,  and  extein 
with  an  apron  over  tifleen  feet  of  water.  A  vessel  is  nioori'd  broadsiib'  to  the  end  of  the  apr. 
with  her  lii'iid  out.  There  is  a  sunken  rock  clo-e  olf  her  starboard  (piaiter  when  thus  uickii. 
The  depth  ol  water  is  live  fathoms  at  two  hundred  and  lifty  yards  outside,  and  there  are  two  nm. 
in;:  buoys  laid  to  haul  out  to  and  ^et  umlei- way  from. 

The  hindin;;  is  broad  open  to  the  swell  of  the  I'acitic,  and  the  ordinary  line  of  breakers  rcailn 
to  the  limit  of  the  rocks  on  the  west  side  and  just  inside  the  ves.sel  at  the  <'hute. 


One  mile  west  iu)rt;;west   from  Cluster  C 


liock  and  ei"ht  miles  south  lifty  seven  dej 


east  (S.  ')' ^  K.)  from  Point  Del^ada,  there  is  a  notable  lidjje  risiuj:;  three  hundred  and  ninety  lixr 
feet  Iii;;li  within  one   hnmlred   and   twenty  yards  of  the   sin"-,' line.     It   is  ]>arallel  with  the  enlist 
line  for  three  or  toui' hundred  yanls,  and  has  a  deiiression  of  ime  hundred  and  twenty  feet  bciiiuil 
it.     Within  half  a  mile  itiland  the  steep  mountain  side  reaclies  iiiiu'  hutidrcd  feet  elevation  at  llie 
lower  ed;,'e  of  the  fercst.     On  the  eastern  proloti^cation  of  this  ridjje  lie  the  rocks  midway  towaiiU 

It  shows  very  ]miiiiii- 
A   low-water  be, eh 


the  Morjian  Hocks  themselves,  ami  CliistcrCom>  Itocks, 

is  close  iushort 


the  Morgan  Ho 

neiifly  from  tl  direction  of  Shelter  Cove  when  a  vessel 
beyiiis  abreast  this  ridfjeaud  borders  tin-  steep  shores  to  the  noitli  west  ward  tor  about  thiee  mil(>, 
HjldriK/rdjihii  dJT  Hair  Ihtylmr. — Otf  ISear  Harbor  the  water  shoals  suddenly  to  a  deptii  m 
fifteen  or  twenty  lathoms.  This  baidi  cu-  jdateau  extends  towaid  the  m.rthward.  At  cuu'  iinlr 
from  the  shore  the  s(Uimlin;,'s  show  a  di'i>th  of  se\  fiiteeii  or  eijjhteen  fatlnmisof  watei-  over  a  boIii>iii 
ofjrray  sand;  at  two  miles,  twenty  fathoms,  t;iay  sand;  at  three  miles,  twenty-nine  falhoins,  ^i.i^ 

v nine  tathonis  of  water  over  lockv   bottom,   this  beiii;;  the  taiiofllie 


sand 


at  four  mil 


thirt 


Tolo  liank;  at  five  miles,  forty  nine  fathoiiis,  jjrec  n  mud;  ami  at  six  miles,  sevcuty  fathoms,  « 
{iravel  and  jj;ie(  n  mml. 

XvitUc  IxiH'l;.  about  twiutv  yards  in  extent  and  thirty  feet  hij,'h.  lies  within  ten  yards  of 


III' 


.shore  line  inside  the  h 


aler  beach.     It  is  six  and  three  i|Uartirs  miles  south  sixty-t  wo  dcy^iiTS 


east(S.  (!l'~  I:.)  from  I'oint  I)elj;ada. 

ir/i((/r  (liihh  is  li\e  and  three  iiuai  !ers  miles  south  sixty  t'oiir  dej,nees  ca.st  (.S.  <1P  V..)  Imiii 
Point  l)elj;aila.  It  is  tlie  name  of  a  tertiai  \  trian!.''ilation  station.  The  .shore  is  very  stee]),  ainl 
tour  hiiiidied  yaids  liroad  oil'  it  lies  a  rock  about  twenty  yards  in  extent.  The  line  of  forest, 
two  thiids  of  a  mile  inl.uid,  is  ;it  sixteen  hnmlred  leet  elevation.     The  coast  trail  leaves  the  si 


Hire 


Uid 


•lids  the  lid;;e  to  the   liorthni  st. 


I'liiiit  .Vo  Viiss  is  no  point  bur  a  \ery  siif^ht  ronndlin  pinieelion  where  the  tia\eler  eaiiinit 
pass  aloiiy  the  sliiie.     It  is  (ive  miles  southeast  wardly  !'ii 'ii  I'oint  l>el;:ada. 

W'liilf  Uiiik  is  ;i  small  rock  Just  outside  the  lo\\«alir  beach  and  Ibiii  miles  sonlheasl  wai'lly 
from  I'diiii  I  (el^'iida. 

I'nlNf  l)i;i,i;.\I)\  AMI  slIl'.l.TI'.lt  invr.. 


k\     \ 


I'oiir  and  a  half  miles  southeastward  from  I'oint  Dei^ada  the  sea  waul  lace  of  the  coast  i 
IS  ,1(1  Ion;,'!  r  eiiveied  with  ;;i\issoi  uitli  tiuesl,  lint  with  a  dense,  moderately  low  brush,  kien. 
the  ;;eiieial  came  of  chemisal,  TliiS  pi  eseiits  a  nnilorm  and  \ei,s  dark  ureen  foliage.  At  \* 
(iiileh  a  sliarii  iidi:e  bej;ins  to  use  at  the  coast  line  :ind  iiiiis  slraif^ht  to  the  northwest  li> 


(N\V.  by  N.i  to  it 


s  ciilminalion  al   Clu  iiii.sal  Mmiiildiii.  which  is  t\\eiit.\  live  hundred  feet  liij;i 


lie  and  one  >-i\th  miles  frmii  the  shine,  almost  overhaiiyiii;^  tin 


Tl 


IIS  mountain  lie: 


lt\-t  Wo  ile;;i 


St  (N. 


I'',. I  two  and  nine  tenti 


DelKad; 


Tl 


•s  Irciiii   the  sdiitlierii    part  nl'   I ' 


loie  line  oltliis  ;;ieat  I  idy:e  is  iiearlv  st  iai};ht ,  and  closely  lioriU'ii  d  b,\  a 


not  over  two  hiiinlied  and  lltt\  \ards  from  the  shore  In  anv 


The  h 


mpael 


coast  mountains   continues    northwestward,   but    from    its  seawaid    Hank    a   dill  I'aeed   pli 


destitute  of  forest,  and 


rislll; 


;iailiiall\  from  twent\ 


me  hnmlred  ami  tWentv   feet  in  lici^;li 


i! 


,! 


bill"! 

k  li.s 
f  I'oiil 

1-M,1.I 

mil. 

t(i  the 

:i|ir"ii 
iiiii'i  'I. 


[icIjiiiiI 

at  Ihi' 
iwaiils 
imnui- 

lie, (I'll 

■l-tll    nl        ;^ 

1iiin"iii 
(if  I  he 


fflH      ' . 


of  tlic 

,j  lllllll 
']).  .mil 


II    lliil 


"mmmmmlmge*' 


■""'    -•l>w...>j  . 


Zf-^r^^eH^fTT;^:  :^r- 


Alioiii  I  tiiilr 


(-•liflN  aii.l  r.„k.. ,„t  li!  „„IoH  SK.  fr.-in  Sh.-Ker  (.'ovp. 


Alidiit  {  milR. 


.  ■ .  t:ai^,i^_^-^  y'?'^-''rc:j. ." 


,4  I  .i  1.1-  *■■"   '■  «»*.jj«^  J    '  -ij/-'*"'';      "jpi'ii" 


•*4r»^'?wr|?-»y-.UiX5'_ 


I'liiiil  Dtl^juiia, 
N^^    liy  W.ri  imlen 


Slultfr  C.v,.      |i,i„K  l,ri>;lM  „li,|,.  ,„  1,,.,,^  v  v\v  „,„| 
Hlicr  f,ir  wi^Hl  nidi-  ut  it. 


I  rifjlit  y.-ll,)-,v  dirt'. 


Deuse  cliaparral. 


u«a 


\ 


m 


it 


II 

II' 

li|-i 


:  t'i   ^ 

I  '■■'''  k 

1    I 
,  1 

i              * 

ti 

1   r 

;i<l 

.!.■ 

^I'fi" 

In! 

t\    ( 
trri 

It 

II" 

■  I'ii 

I'l 

tli<- 

,IIH 

1  III 

!"■ 

>ii  II 

SI, 

Ill 

-Ira 

SU 

II II 

Sh 

«1, 

11 1 

Irli 

l.lll 

W 

Inl 

-  Ill 

sti- 

line 

1 1.  ■ 

>ili;. 
,1  .1 

Til 

;^oi 

.1   !< 

>lll 

Iii'il 

ll 

mil 

nil' 

h'ii 

\\  ( 

•  .'N 

I'lM 

-:  11 

/.-( 

''.  1 

V.  fl 

ini 

.III 

nth 

r.ll, 

'    'l 

■I'll. 

Ki\ 

'//■(t 

/'"/ 

i'.r 

h  ') 

lii> 

|.n|l 

1   II 

|MI 

>i  n 

.  1 

If! 

lll( 

'hi 

h.i'i 

lirs 

li. 

out 
■  1    1 

r ''  i 

1  ll 
Ills 

I'A<;n"IC    CdAsT    I'lLOT. 


301 


t  I  I'Mpiill.V  iiHTt'iisiiii;  to  nil*'  tliniiMiiiiil,  iiiiiki's  .si|ii:iit'  iml,  Hir  iimt  iiiii' iiiilr  rioiii  tlii' ;;('iiri'al 
I.I  of  lli«'  niiisl.  This  is  I'oiiil  I»(i;;ail;i,  wliicli  is  sixt.v  tivc  iiiiil  two  tliiriis  miles  iiorlli  thirty 
i|.  -it'cs  west.  (N.  :W  W.)  from  Point  Ah'Iiii  l,i;,'lit  iioiisc,  iiiiil  iiiiictfcii  iiiii!  two  Ihinls  iiiih's  south 
siM\  ilcfiiiM's  cast  (S.  t;(i  '  !■;.)  from  I'niiit  (ionhi.  From  Ciiiic  Mi'ikIocIiio  il  is  tliiil.v  miles  soiilli- 
(,i  :iil\,  follow  in;;' tile  ;;eiieral  treml  of  tlie  shore.  The  seaward  faee  of  this  |ilateini  is  one  milu 
l.i:  -  III  a  northwest  li.v  west  ami  southeast  li.v  east  ilireetioii,  anil  is  lioriiered  hv  many  rocks, 
es|'>eially  at  the  soiitlieininost  point  where  sunken  rocks  exteiitl  over  lialf  a  mile  from  shore. 
ii-.iic  of  the  southern  piiiiit  of  tliis  plateau  Ihc  shoie  retreats  over  one  Ihinl  of  a  mile  to  the 
n.i:|iv\ai(l,  with  a  laecipitoiis  fioni  rising'  rapidly  to  live  hiimlied  feet  in  liei;iht,  anil  still  lii;,'lier 
1,1  ihe  northeast  and  east.  I'loiii  this  northern  sweep  of  the  shore  it  turns  to  the  east  northeast 
.iii'l  iln  II  totliceast  southeast  to  Point  Mai  Pass,  nearly  one  mile  euHtwiird  from  the  sotithwesterii 
{.<   lit  of  Ihe  hailior. 

sIk  III  f  Coi-f  is  formed  liy  this  recession  of  the  shoredine,  ami  is  a  very  f;ood  refu;;(>  for  siiilin^; 
111'  '.leam  vessi'ls  dm  iii^  heavy  summer  w  inils.  It  is  Itroad  open  to  the  southeast,  and  a  largo 
s\m!I  ahva\s  rolls  in. 

Slieltei'  ("ove  is  a  j,'ood  iiorlliwest  lee,  lull  it  is  a  daii;;eroiis  aiiehora;;e  in  southeasterly  weather, 
«li.  11  the  southwest  swell  always  comes  up.  In  such  a  swell  it  in  not  safe  to  anchor  in  less  than 
Itii  l,itli(iins  of  water. 

\\  hell  tlieii'  i-i  a  iii>,'lit  luee/e  in  suirmer  it  is  };enerally  from  the  north,  and  Mows  down  tlm 
Iiil!>  and  thioii;;h  the  t;or;;es  with  sudden  and  great  fury.  To  avoid  drag;;in;;,  the  surveying 
>ii'iiiici'  loiind  it  aihisalile  to  lie  to  liotli  anchors.  Steamx cssels  coining  Iroin  the  south  anil 
>i  1  l>iii;.'  for  Shelter  ('o\e  in  fo;;gy  weather  inn  within  iiiiei|iiiirter  of  a  mile  of  the  shore,  and  kecip 
tli!i  distance  theieliom  liy  the  echo  of  the  whistle. 

I  he  iniiuiitain.s  of  the  coast  range  north  and  south  of  Point  Delgada  arc  very  high  ami  iniiko 
::ii' >l  landfalls  far  out  at  sea,  lull  their  individual  chaiacleiistics  have  not  lieeii  sketeheir  or 
>iiiilii(l.  l''rom  the  deck  of  a  icssel  tlie  hi;;lier  peaks  should  lie  visible  at  a  disianci*  of  seventy- 
ti\,  miles,  es|iecially  licfoie  sunrise  in  favoralile  sveathcr.  A  vessel  should  just  lie  able  to  niakti 
mil  l\iii<i  I'iiil;,  foilvlwo  hundred  and  sixt\  live  led  lii;,di,  and  lying  iiorlli  thirty 'liree  degrees 
vi'-i  I'N.  ;t;'> '  \\ .)  {•\)i,\\\  and  one  lliiid  miles  fidin  Point  l>elgada  and  two  and  a  half  miles  from  thu 
111,1^1  line,  when  alireast  of  Point  .\reiia. 

I.iiiiihuinks  for  I'nint  IhtijiuUi  diiil  Slultir  Ciiri. —  Kaliina  (litV;  cottage  and  liarn  on  the  beach 
liiiwieii  the  wrecks  of  Iln-  /,//((  and  Actirc,  the  former  three  miles  north  of  l!ig  I'lat,  the  latter 
li\r  ;iiid  a  half  miles  north  of  Pig  I'lat;  (Muda  Pock;  Sea  Lion  Pock;  Miisse?  Pock,  red  and 
imiir.d,  with  a  dome  shaped  ruck  just  behind  it  on  the  beach  ;  Steamboat  Pock,  and  Siigar-luaf  ur 
I  .Ipr  Pock. 

'I'lie  iliiiiiji  rs  otV  Point  l>i'lgada  and  at  Shelter  Cove  are  as  follows: 

ri\e  ei^;hths  of  a  mile  sniilheast  (SIv)  i'rom  the  southern  exliemity  of  the  point  is  a  reef  with 
//III  jiiiuilx  iif  roth  ha\iiig  lilteen  leet  of  water  iipiui  them,  but  four  fathoms  and  over  lieyond  the 
|i.i'i  li  iif  kelp,  w  hich  is  I  wo  liiilidnd  \  aids  in  eMeiit  and  niai  ks  this  foul  bottoiu. 

lii--ide  of  this  daiit,'er  and  six  hundred  and  twenty  live  xards  east  southeast  (I'^.SK.)  from  tlio 
I'liihi  there  is  another  sinil.cii  rmk,  with  foiiiteen  feel  of  water  upon  it.  It  is  marked  by  a  small 
|r,i:i  II  iif  kelp,  anil  there  is  a  depth  of  li\  e  lathoms  oulside  it  and  three  fathoms  between  il  and 
ilie  iiieakers  oiii^  hundred  jardH  westuard. 

The  visible  rocks  oil'  the  south  point  extiiid  about  three  hiindied  and  fifty  yards  otV  shore, 
iii'l  iliii clly  south  of  the  point  for  iicaily  oui'  mile  the  (ground  is  broken  and  irregular,  with  two 
|i.iii  lies  of  four  and  a  <  plait  er  and  foni  fal  hoiiis  iit  half  a  in  lie  and  I  uo  thirds  of  a  mile,  respectively. 
llir  oilier  area  of  megiilai  bnlloiii  is  two  hiiiidied  and  lilly  .\aids  in  exielil  and  is  marked  by  a 
l.ii.:ii  Held  (if  kelp,  which  reaches  to  six  falhoiiis  ui  waler  Inwaids  the  south.  The  inner,  foiir- 
I ii'l  I  hall   lalhoiii  spot  has  no  kelp, 

liiMde  these  two  areas.  .•••>]  In  aiilig  soiilhvest  by  south  (SW.  b.\  S.)  fiom  Ihe  siuitliein  point 
;uiil  niily  se\eii  hiimlied  viiils  Ir.  .<i  the  nearest  clltl',  arc  tiro  luniiiiiil  rorl;s.  nine  and  twehc  feet 
li'l"vv  the  .surface  of  the  wii  ei.  w;\\t  Imir  to  seven  fathoms  close  around  them. 

Vessels  coiiiin;,'  t'roin  th     noil  .  ai  st  waul   must   llieieforc  exciclse  j;reat   caution  in  rounding 


111'  I'liinl.     < 'oasling  schooiU' 


d  Working  biee/e,  or  steanieis,  may  safely  pass  around 


lIlC     |Ml| 


nt  within  half  a  mile.  ,ind  round  up  inside  the  two  outer  patches  of  kel|i;  or  in  the  oxer- 


i 


I'iM'iif  the  greatest  caiitio.i  tlie,\   may  pass  the  south  point  at  a  dislance  within  one  iinle.  just  oiit- 
^iii''  :lie   soiilliein   patch   of  kelp,  and   then   head   u|>  Inside   the  eastern   (latcli.     .\iiclior  in  tivo 


w 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


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V 


Hiolipgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WWSTEKN.,'.  MStO 
(7.6)  •73-4S03 


^^ 


;\ 


i 


i    , 


302  PAciKie  coAsr  pilot. 

ratlMnns  witli  tli«'  <'xtr«'iint,v  of  tin-  piiii  t   licariiifr  wcsl  {W .),  and  the  llaf;  staff  on  tlio  spur,  tlm . 
Iiuiiilif<l  aiul  sixty  tcct  lii;;li  ami  two  liiMidnil  and  i'i;;lit,v  yards  inside,  Ix'aiin};  noitliwcsi  (NW 
'I'lio  bottom  is  liard,  lint-,  lilaciv  sand,  and  lla>  tlirt't*  iMllmni  line  is  two  Imndrcd  \ards  distant  in 
llic  north,  and  tli«>  l)lnlV  seven  hundred  yards  distant.    The  nearest  pirl  of  the  point  towards  tin 
west  is  SI  ven  hnmlred  .vards  distant. 

N'essels  eoinin;;  np  the  coast  tiom  tiie  southeastward,  when  I'oinl  Deijiada  bears  northwest 
liy  west  (NW.  by  W .)  tlistant  live  miles,  will  see  a  veiy  bii^ht,  hij;h  elilV.  tour  times  as  hi};li  as  ii 
is  broad,  to  the  eastward  ot  the  roeks  at  the  point,  that  alVords  a  (^ood  m.M'k  tor  rnniiin;r  in  to  tin' 
aiu'hora;;!'.     liiiii},'  this  bri^iht  slith'  to  bear  north- northwest  (NNW.)  and  run  tor  the  west  sidr  ol  ii 

Schooners  working  np  trom  the  suiitheastwurd  can  make  short  tacks  under  the  shore  to  a\<iii| 
the  larjie  swell  of  the  northwesters. 

One  of  the  eoastiii};  steamers  touches  here;  she  runs  into  tlire(>  ami  a  i|Uarter  t'alli<iMi>  nt 
water  to  the  outermost  of  three  imHuin^  buoys  where  tin-  \\.\ji  stall'  bears  mirthttest  three-i|uai'li  is 
north  (NW.  ij  N.),  the  sonth'-rn  poiiit  west  southwest  (WSW.),  and  the  ouleiinost  visible  Ki.k 
south  southwest  (SSW  ).  I'.ut  a  visible  rock  lyin;;  southeast  three  quarlers  south  (SE.  f  S.)  is 
only  one  hundied  and  twenty  yards  distant.  'I'he  secimd  buoy  inside  is  in  fourteen  feet  nt 
water,  and  the  iniu'rinost  om-  maiks  a  xiiiihtii  rmk  with  three  feel  of  water  upon  it. 

A  short  distam-e  inside  the  inner  point,  where  the  clitl  is  sixty  or  seventy  feet  hi;;h,  thcic  Iki-. 
been  built  out  to  be\oml  low  water  inaik  a  iliy  stone  pier  about  sixty  feet  in  extent,  at  wliirh 
lij^hlers  load  and  uidoad  ear};o  for  the  steamer.  TlieU' are  two  lifiliters  (ISS")),  one  of  I'oitv  .iiui 
one  of  ten  tons.  A  wa^on  road  has  been  made  al(m;,Mlie  laee  of  thiselitl'  from  this  pier.  'I'li< 
main  articles  shipiied  are  farm  proilm'ts  ami  wool.  The  latter  is  bron;:ht  by  pacK  trains  from  tlic 
south  tork  of  I'.el  llivei',  and  for  distances  of  thirty  miles.  The  principal  article  brony:lit  lin  ■ 
froiUiSan  I-'raneisco  is  salt,  with  hardware,  Hour,  sn^ar,  and  {general  lnerellamlist^ 

The  point-  where  the  li;;liter  used  to  land  befon'  the  pier  was  built  is  iimler  the  reel  imiUinu 
out  4>iie  liundreil  and  thirty  live  yards  frcun  the  fonitli  small  point  fiom  the  harbor  outside  of  it  to 
the  westward.  It  is  about  six  hundred  yards  weslwaid  of  the  liaibor  where  the  blulf  is  i  ilv 
twenty  feet  hi^di.     The  li;:htcr  was  moiued  oil'  the  blulf  niitler  the  protection  of  the  reef. 

A  {jooii  wa};oii  road  leads  from  Shelter  Cove  into  the  interior,  and  the  coast  lrleurii|ili  line 
])asse.H  four  tides  from  the  cove.  This  liarbiu'  is  the  best  open  rcfu>;e  between  Trinid.id  an. I 
.Meiiilocimt  I'.ay,  and  may  be  rejxarded  as  a  harbor  of  rel'(i};e  ftu-  small  coasters  which  have  e\|" 
rieiiced  heavy  weather  oil'  Cape  .Mendocino  and  are  short  «tf  wooil  and  water,  b.Mli  of  which  miv 
be  olitained  here  from  one  ^tr  two  f;iilches  opening;  on  the  .sea.  l'"roni  the  livefathom  aiichnia-c- 
there  is  fresh  water  in  Me  ravine  bearing:  norlh.  In  \^M  an  Indian  village  existed  in  the  botiixn 
of  the  wi)(>ded  ravine  «me  mile  further  to  the  eastward. 

There  is  always  a  swell  here  and  boat  laiidiiii;  is  not  always  easy,  but  the  wind  and  swell  n.' 
in  <;reat  measure  moditied  by  the  protect iiui  of  I'oint  (iorda  ami  Cape  Mendocino:  and  tlieiiiM 
fofis  lose  some  of  their  density  and  chilliness  close  under  this  hifih  mountain  eoast. 

Althimt;li  there  are  notrees  upon  I'oiiit  I)el;;a<la.aiid  it  is  dilliciilt  to  make  out  when  a  M'ssc! 
is  ten  mile.s  off  shore,  yet  .some  lary;e  houses  on  the  plateau  ami  some  storehouse  buililiii;;^ 
recently  erected  may  be  .seen  from  a  distance  of  four  or  live  miles  seaward. 

The  secondary  astrmiomical  station  of  the  Coast  and  Cieodetic  Survey  was  located  on  tin 
southeast  part  of  the  elilV  oxt'ilookiny;  the  liaibor  ami  about  sixty  feet  abov(>  the  sea.  I'ln' l''i:ii 
jiassed  throuy;!!  the  reef  without  pr«'viously  knowing;  its  dan>;ers  and  landed  where  the  iliil  i^ 
about  forty  feet  hi},di. 

The  geofjraphieal  position  of  the  station  is: 

I.ntilmU' <jn    01    i:i  .7  iiiMtli 

l.<>ii«itiiili' 121  HI  (II  .;(  \Msi, 

Or,  Ml  time si'  n;"  k;".:!. 

The  eompnted  may;iietic  variation  for  January,  l.SS."»,  is  ITTiJ'  east,  and  it  is  increasin;;  .ilmiii 
().'(>  yearly. 

rpon  old  Spanish  cliarts  an  indefinitely  located  point  is  desij,'mitpd  roint  !»elj;adi':  as  tin  t' 
is  no  other  |ioiiit  of  mark  in  this  vicinity  it  doiibtU-ss  refers  to  this. 

La  I'eroiise,  in  17.S7,  called  it  I'lintadeHlada.     Tebeiikoff's chart,  ISIS,  lo.ites  Toiiit  \  i/caim> 
in  latitude  .'{!»    -I.S.V,  lonptude  iL'.'t    .j.'i',  but  the  adjacent  shore  to  the  east  does  not  auree  with  that 
at   Shelter  Cove.      We  have  applied  Tebenkoll's  name  to  the  point  at  Cottaueva   in   latitu'i 
;J!i'-'  iliif'  north.     He  applies  the  name  I'oint  Delopjado  or  Delegado  to  Puida  (Jonla. 


I'A(?II'I(;   COAST   I'll.OT. 


303 


'I'lu'  prcst'iit  iiiiini'  was  a.ssi;;ii(><l  to  (In-  imiiil  by  llio  Coast  anil  (vCddctic  Survey. 

TIm'  liitliiiii  iiaiiic  ol'  llu!  I'ovt'  is  'roiKit'kcii,  triiiii  tlic  tribe  iiiliiiliiliii;;  tliis  \  icitiity. 

Shellt'i'  ('(ive  was  so  naineil  b.V  tlie  Coast  Siirvey  in  IS't.'S,  ami  a  liyili'o<;rapiiii'  siietcli  aeeoiii' 
ii.iiiii  s  liie  Amiiial  Wepoit  of  isr»l.  The  topii;;rapliy  and  liydro^iapliy  were  eNeeuled  in  1871  and 
|s>0:  its  relation  to  tlio  coast  is  well  exhibited  on  tho  new  chart  from  Point  Arena  to  Cape 
I'l.iiiiiias. 

Ilililiiiiiniplii/  off'  '^liiltfr  i'ltri: — Itroad  otVllie  c<»ast  line  in  latitude.'!!)  ">!',  on  a  bearin;;  sontli- 
\rM  half  south,  the  depth  increases  with  comparative  rep:iilarity.  The  li\elathoni  line  is  two 
liii!:ilrr(l  ami  lil'ty  yaids  from  shore  with  irre};iilar  tieldsot'  kelp  inside;  the  ten-l'atliom  line  is  half 
.1  mill' I'loMi  >hoi(>  with  bottom  of  line  ;;ray  sand;  the  t  weiitylathom  line  is  one  and  five-eighths 
iin.i  >  iMim  shore,  and  the  thirlyl'athom  line  is  two  and  oneeiiihth  miles  with  similar  hotlom;  the 
liii\  lailiom  line  is  at  three  and  oMe-ei;>hth  milesoser  };reen  mud;  then<'"  to  se\en  miles  the  depth 
ii  iilii'il  is  about  seventytive  I'athoms  o\er  Ki'cen  mud.  The  line  between  line;,'iay  sand  and  ;,'reen 
iiiiiil  i--  \t'ry  nearly  tlii'  line  of  forty  (athoms, 

/'./«///  Ciimiilx  iiiiif  Slicllcr  i'm-t: — The  cuirents  al(Ui;r  the  coast  from  Newport  l.findin;.;  to 
Sill  III  I  Cove  aie  ipiite  irre;;ular  ilurinf;  the  summer.  In  two  seasons  the  coast  surveying;  steamer 
iVriliii  iill\  found  a  set  to  the  northwcKtward  closci  inshore,  while  the  p'lieral  movement  was  to 
Ihr -.niiiliiMst  ward  alon^  the  coast. 

Miiltir  Con — riiniiits  In  I'ninl  <ii>rila.—\l  the  open  aiichorafics  between  roint  l>ely;aila  and 
I'liiii  (liirila  the  Coast  Survey  steamer  found  the  current  rnnniri};  to  the  north«isl  ward  at  the 
Mil'  iif  line  to  om-  and  a  half  knots  with  very  few  4-\ce]itions.  1'he  slren;;th  of  the  eiirient  seemed 
111  \,ii\  from  day  to  ila\,  as  did  its  breadth. 

Will  n  the  steamer  was  siirveun;;  in  the  submarine  valleys  in  this  stretch  of  coast  the  currents 
mil  iiiiiiiil  pai'ticniarly  irregular  and  conllictiu^. 

//,,  I'lilii  /.'((»/••.— Immediately  north  of  this  )>'iiiit  on  the  coast,  in  latitude  ,'il)  '  .■>4'  north,  the 
Miiiiiiiinus  iiiilii'ate  the  presence  of  a  bank,  wliid!  stretches  four  miles  northwest  by  north,  some- 
uImi  |i.ii.iilel  to  the  coast,  and  then  runs  inward  to  I'oint  l>el};ada.  The  tail  ol'  tiiis  bank  at 
iJiiiiv  l.ilJMinis  is  in  latitude  .'iti  '  .'>-{'  and  four  and  one  ipiarter  miles  from  shore.  .\s  the  bank  is 
liilliincij  (o  the  norlhwest ward  it  decreases  irrej;ularly  in  depth  to  the  (Iniiiinl  Sirtll  l.nhic,  where 
tlir  lia>l  \Natcr  found  is  a  depth  of  seven  and  three  iinaricrs  fathoms  at  three  miles  south  sixteen 
ilimns  east  (S.  Iti'^  v..)  from  Point  Delyada  and  three  miles  bioail  oil'  the  coast.  This  irre};ular 
liil-i  iiiM-rs  an  area  of  over  one  sipiare  mile,  in  which  the  sounding's  ian;;e  in  spots  from  seven 
.iml  lliii'ci|iiaiters  to  seventeen  fathoms.  The  shoal  jilaces  inside  of  lifteen  fathoms  aiv  well 
iiiailcil  by  six  or  seven  fields  of  kelp.  Immediately  nortii  of  this  shoalest  jiart  of  the  bank  the 
ili|illis  iciii'h  twenty  fathoms  in  a  few  places  and  decrease  towaids  Shelter  Cove  and  Point 
ltil;;,ii|:i,  o\er  },'ray  sand  and   rocky  bottom,  to  svilhin  half  a  mile  of  the  iniiiil,  when  patches  of 

•M  l| liir  in  (i\e  to  •■icven  fathoms  of  water.     The  breadth  of  the  bank  within  the  twenty  fathmn 

liiiis  is  lioni  one  to  two  miles. 

I'lMiii  the  shoalest  parts  of  this  bank,  where  the  depth  is  ten  faliioms  and  less,  the  larjjc 
wrsliiiy  swells  of  the  Pacific  sometimes  lueak.  Observations  have  been  taken  ujion  these  breaks 
«liiii  the  lai';;e  irronnd  swell  was  rolliii;t  in  frmn  the  westnorthwest  without  any  local  wind  to 
i.iiw  while  caps. 

iiisiile  of  the  bank  the  water  is  deeper  for  a  mile  or  two  and  then  shoals  to  the  shore,  where 
till'  Irn  latlmiii  line  is  only  half  a  mile  distant  therefrom.  The  three-fathom  line  average-"*  <uily 
iliiK  iiiiiidied  and  twenty  yaids  from  shoie.  Inside  of  the  shoalest  ]iart  of  the  bank  the  soiimlinjis 
'liiir.ise  very  ie;,'ulaily  from  seventeen  fathoms  over  t;ray  saml  and  line  };ravel  to  the  ti\e  fathom 
I II'' .11  tliiee  liiiiidred  >aiils  from  shore.  The  shore  line  is  bordered  by  rocks,  ;,et  they  are  never 
I  'iiikI  iiiitsiile  the  ihiee-fatliom  line. 

Alonji  the  crest  of  the  bank  the  soundinjjs  indicate  rocky  bottom ;  inside  of  it  there  is  fine 
:i'i>  f:\ui\,  with  occasional  casts  of  eoai-.se  f;ra\el  and  I'loken  shells.  Outside  of  tlu^  bank  the 
»iiiiiImi;;s  drop  to  fifty  'athoms  al  less  than  six  miles  from  the  shore,  with  a  bottom  of  };reeii  mud, 
«i'i<ii  is  fbuiiil  at  the  forty  fathom  line  as  it  is  to  the  .southward. 

■M'icasi  ol  Shelter  Cove  and  Point  Melffail.i  the  three  fathom  curve  is  close  under  the  shore, 
III'!  'M'ra;;inj;  more  than  two  hundnd  yards  tlicrclrom,  and  on  a  line  .seaward  .southwest  by  south 
I II  falhoin  line  of  Miuiidiiiy:s  is  half  a  mile  out  with  a  bottom  of  cray  sand  and  broken  shells. 
II"'  '"eiily  fathom  line  is  one  and  a  half  miles  off  the  shore  with  bottom  of  line  H:ray  .sand;  the 
'I|||'>  lathom  line  m  two  and  u  half  miles  off  thu  KJioro  with  similar  bottom,  and  the  forty fathom 


tu': 


tl 


"    Ii 


w 


h,     ''< 


lil 


i:< 


304 


TACIKIC    COAST    I'lI.OT. 


lint'  \n  tlirt'o  ami  twotliinis  inili's  from  tlir  sliiiro  willi  tiii*>  f^ray  Nitii<l  ami  {jreon  niiid,  n.s  ii  . 
fartliiT  to  tlio  Noiitliwanl. 

A  tU'ptli  of  oi^jlif.v  flv«»  fatlioiiis  is  foiiml  at  ^ix  iiiilrs  from  Nlion>  witli  a  holtoin  of  f;n>«'ii  iiii.l, 

Tlu'  snltmariiu'  valley  to  tin-  wt'st-soutliwcst  of  Point  Dt'lj^aila is«l»'s«TilMtl  on  pagi'H .'{(►!»,  .'{|(t. .  i, . 

I'lioii  this  bank  tlio  cnrn'iils  arc  conllictin;;.  (hi  several  oeeasions  llie  <'iiast  Survey  \(  ^^  ! 
was  ill  tills  liieality,  ami  slie  f'.iiiml  lierseirdiirtiii^  tlirectly  to  winilwaril  witli  u  stroii<;  nortln^.  m 
wiml  Mowing  aiul  a  roii<;li  .sea.  Oiitsitle  the  limits  of  tlie  liank  tlio  current  wan  setting  to  \\,i- 
Houtlieastwai'd  with  the  wind  and  sea. 

In  Oetolier,  1S7-,  we  were  anchored  two  or  three  miles  oil  the  roast  about  nine  or  ten  in  i - 
south  of  Shelter  Cove.  The  current  was  found  riimiiiif:  to  th«  northward.  The  siih  eiiricin  \ii, 
directly  «ui  shore,  the  leads  of  the  lishing  lines  Iteiiifj  carried  tu  tliu  eastward.  There  was  \m\ 
little  wind,  a  moderately  large  swell,  and  clear  weather. 

POINT  DKI.OADA  To  IM  NTA  noliDA. 

I'linta  Gonlii  lies  nineteen  miles  noidi  sixty  degrees  west  (N.  Cioo  W.)  from  the  nortliwiM 
part  of  I'oint  Ih-lgada,  and  the  shorediiii-  recedes  two  miles  to  the  nortlieastwaid  of  thai  cu  ii>i 
about  four  miles  northwest  lioni  the  hitter  point;  it  then  curves  to  the  westwani  again  to 
Big  Flat,  which  lies  m-vcii  and  two  tliirds  miles  north  tiltylive  degrees  wi'st  (N. ."»,"»'  \\.)  fiom  ihr 
Name  point.  The  tlanls  of  tlie  mountains  in  Ihisslielch  ot  (oa.st  are  very  steep  aiul  covcitd  \.iili 
chemisal  and  forest  trees.  The  lirst  parallel  of  coast  mountains  rises  to  nearly  forty-three  liiiii<!t<'il 
feet  elevation  at  two  and  a  half  milts  fioni  the  slioie,  and  they  are  tiierefon*  visible  far  out  al  --r.i. 
Within   live  miles  Iroiii  the  shore  behind  this  lii.e  of  mountains,  and  nearly  parallel  thcnu.ili. 

runs  the  Mattole  ]{iver  which  rises  in  the  latitude  of  Toiiit  Delgada  and  debtuiches  north  of  1' t 

r.ord.i. 

The  shore  of  the  broad  bight  northwest  ward  of  Point  Delgada  is  relatively  free  from  nn  K>; 
tlire.'  ipiarters  ol  a  mile  imrth  of  th<>  northwest  ]iait  of  the  Delgiidii  plateau  the  iriegiilMi'  oiii  line 
of  the  shore,  which  is  bordered  by  locks  and  rocky  islets,  changes  to  a  cIciMi  shore  line  I'm  lum 
miles,  bordered  by  a  sand  l>eacli  bare  at  low  water  from  twenty  to  t)iie  hundred  yards  in  wniiii. 

In  this  bight  the  thirty  I'athom  line  lies  two  and  one-third  miles  oil  shore  in  a  general  <Lii' 
tion  northwest  by  north  half  north  (NW.  by  N.  .\  N.>,  and  reaches  <'lose  to  the  shore  iindt  r  I  m 
Hill.    Outside  of  this  line  the  depth   increases  to  thiee  hundred  fathoms  in  two  miles  to  tli<    i\^ 
of  tlu'  great  siibiiiarine  valley  deserilieil  on  page 

The  road  from  .Shelter  t'ove  leaves  ilic  hillsides  and  takes  to  this  beach. 

KiiluiKt  i'UO\  which  is  foiiitccii  hniidi(d  and  seventy  feel  high  ami  only  seven  hiindrcil  .wA 
twenty-live  yards  inland,  overhangs  the  sniithern  end  of  this  ^and  beacb.  The  tojis  of  the  iin^ 
growing  on  the  eastern  side  of  this  pie<-ipitous  steep  are  seen  over  the  ridge. 

The  name  is  derived  from  a  Sandwich  Island  brig  which  w»nt  ashore  tlirctitly  iiinler  llir  ■  ^  il 
The  eaigu  of  lumber  was  partly  sa\(  d  b,\  people  li\  iiig  in  the  \  iciiiity,  but  before  they  cmilil  \,  ml 
it  a.vay  a  land-slide  buried  the  greater  |iarl  of  it  under  several  hundred  tons  of  earth  and  icn  K. 

One  mile  northwest  fiom   Kiiliina  ClilV  the  sands  have  blown  in  oil  the  shore  tor  a  bii.i>li  >  <>!' 
thirty  to  one  hundred  and  thirty  yards  and  a  length  ol  nearly  three  miles,  aiul  as  much  as  tli,i'> 
live  feet  ill  height.     This  is  <|uite  a  featiin'  for  lecogni/iiig  the  locality. 

Hdisr  Mountain,  which  is  nineteen  hundred  and  Iwtiily  feet  high  and  ttnly  twelve  hiiihhnl 
yards  from  the  shore,  lises  very  sliar|:ly.  and  its  seawanl  Hanks  are  mostly  bare  of  trees;  Imi  mi  | 
the  south  (ace  lln'ie  are  a  few  oaks  aii<l  pines,  and  on  the  west  a  few  scattered  pines.  I'lir  -  -n 
mit  IS  four  iiiilea  ncrtli  twenty  one  di'gices  west  (N.  LM  MV.)  Iroin  Point  I>elgada.  Tlicn  nv 
higher  riilges  to  the  east  wart,  of  this  iiKiiintain.  Two  miles  westward  from  Horse  Moiint:iiii  iIm' 
Hanks  of  tli"  nioiintains  become  covered  witn  pine  and  decidiioiiH  trees,  but  it  will  be  notnl  '  it] 
most  of  the  sharp  ildges  (iu'iiig  seaward  are  bare  of  forest  trees. 

Fiif  Jim  is  the  culmination  of  the  wooded  mountain  side  about  six  miles  from  Point  l>cl;:.i'l  i, 
and  reaches  twenty-eight  hundred  and  thirty  live  feet  elevation  in  less  than  one  mile  liniii  ilif 
Hliore.  Its  steepest  slope  is  sixteen  hiindied  feet  in  fixe  hundred  and  fllty  yards,  directly  up  ik'Mi 
the  ocean,  rroiii  the  top  of  this  sixteei  hundred  feet  promontory  a  sharp,  treeless  riilgi  ■'i\i> 
Bouthwest  by  west  one  third  of  u  mile  tu  he  beach.  The  deep, diirk  wooded  gulch  of  Puck  <  <<'k| 
liesjiist  south  of  Fire  Hill. 

MiUcr'n  Riilyf,  whwU  reiU'lies  twenty  eight  hundred  feet  above  tin*  "ea,  lies  one  mile  ii  im' 
aud  two  uiileu  east  by  north  half  north  1 1;.  by  N.  i  N.)  from  JJig  Flat.     It  is  eharaeterisii    liv  i 


^ — ^ 


i 


■41 


ft' 


M 


^1' 


,    1 

iii 

'  1 

A 

^' 

'■m 


Point  UolgiMla.  SheltarCovo. 

KE.  liy  K.J  K.,  lOi  milcM. 

CoMt  from  Shelter  Cove  to  I'lint*  Gori1»,  in  4  viewi;  View  I 


Clieinise  Mouotain. 
2.500  feet. 


Coiwl  from  Shelter  (.Nive  to  Piiii:  i  Oords,  in  4  vlewi;  View  2. 


ilcll,.  ,  I 

Sllll'l 

hr.ir; 


liliiiiiil.i; 

(•I'.VMllllli 

Till- 
IVIj.mI.i 
|{il|ii\v  s  ; 


m 


H^ 


U"  iJi' 


Inn 

mix 

I'ini 

.   iM- 

Thr  . 

\,iii 

i-Mll 

'iih 

1'  llll.l 

« ;l> 

W  1('( 

1,1,1 

.     SI 

lU,j 

MUlllUo 

:);!!< 

>  ;il(ii 

I'>  i 

1  >lii|i 

I'.l 

l.oul 

"    "l 

-  |.a 

III  U 

III  tn 

Sim 

m.'k 

;><.>l 

-  MV 

-:i.'. 

III   kll 

'■>'■ 

mUii 

",i> 

iiM'  h 

r«i)  ( 

IMl 

i>  t«i 

111.'  M 

-nil! 

1  VI  I'Sl 

;l#  *i.  ■ 


III    .III! 

■  i>  iii'.irl, 

I'lulil 

11,1. 1-  rii 

•    IIMIll^    CIl 
l,r   ,.    ,.,1,1. 

i-'i    ;i'(i.; 

■'"  I     I   IMIII, 

I'-  L,   l\    Si 

-  \:\  -..iif  : 
'i-f  !ii:ics, 

""I'l  Mile  II 

l7-'4 


I'ACiriC    COAST   I'lhOT. 


;uj 


(It'licii  il  liy  !i  1h)1«1,  ricar  Ih'.-uI  twotliinls  of  ii  iiiilf  soiitli  HimtliiMst  from  it  and  ifiicliin;;  (nic  tlioii- 
saii'l  iVcl  ricvatioii  in  lour  liiiiHlicd  atrd  lorly  saiils  I'ldiii  llic  sea.  I  iidii  ii.is  head  (lie  low  watiT 
Im.ii  i'  I  iiaiijjes  to  one  of  rocks  exli'iidiii}^  (illy  yards  oiii>idc  liic  Iii;,'li-\vatcr  li'ic 

KINii    IT.iK. 


iliis  is  till'  lii^dicst  jn'aU  in  tliis  rcyioii  of  tlic  coast   ran;;c,  ami  is  mii'  of  lliirc  wiiicli  an 


kii'iwn 


lamllalls  nai I  Ilic  "'liircc   I'cai^s.''     It  is  only  two  and  a   half  miles  fmrn  the  >lrorc  jind 


lilt. II;''   .111    ( 


innlllll. 


icxatioii  of  lort\  two  Iniiidinl  and  si\l\-liM'  feet.     As  mtii  from  .sea 


n.ircl  tins  ma>s  ol 


ins  is  very  yrami,  and  the  dcc|i  i  ahons  ciittinj,'  tin 


oii^h   them  ;;ive  the  ini|iression  of  iiiar 


(■(■.•.Mlllll 


l\.     It  is  visilileon  the  liori/oii  at  a  distance  ot'  se\ent\  tour  mde: 


riiis  |ieak  lies  north  thirty  three  decrees  west  (N.  '.V.',    W.)  ei^hl  anil  one  third  miles  from  ['oiiit 
IIiI.'.mI.i,  and  its  t;('o;;ra|(lii<'al  liositioii  has  been  determined  hy  tiie  ('oa>l  and  (lecidi'lie  Siii\e_\  as 


l.atitiiite Ill     ll'.l'    IT 


nil. 


l.uM:;iniilo l-'l'  117'   •Jli  .1  wi'^l. 


<  ir,  ill  tiliii' 


ll.'"  •,".!■. 


\,iri 


I  ni  the  dcscriptioii  of  the  jireat   siilimariiu*  valley  l\iii,u  oil'   Point    I>el;,'ada   and    heading; 

i.iiiis  Kiii^c  I'eak  see  remarks  iijion  the  Hydiojiiaplis  liom  Shelter  Cove  towaids  ('ape  Meiido- 

ill.  ii.iues;i(l!l,  ;(lo. 
I'll!  Sliiihriil:  /I'dc/,- is  a  small  rock,  oidy  ten  or  lifteeii  yards  in   c.vtent,  1\  in;;- three  hundred 
KiilV  the  southern  cinl  of  the  broad,  sandy  niar;;in  of  I'd;;  l-'lat.      It  is  seseii  miles  intrtiiwest 


tiiite  i|iiaiters  west  (N\V.  '(  \V.)  trom  I't»int  l)el;iada.  Xear  it  the  Li;;lit  hon^e  steamer  .'^luihrick 
Miswiecked  in  ISt'.T.  rnnninii  on  the  lieacli  thre«'  linndied  'ml  seventy  yaids  northwest  of  the 
nil  I,,    .^hc  was  afterwards  safily  {{otteii  otV. 

Iiitj  Flat  lies  Ncvcn  iiiid  two-thirds  ndles  north  tit'l,\  live  t  ,  jjrees  wot  (N.  ."i.")    W'.j  tioni  tiie 


iiiiitliwot   I 


t   iiart  <tf  I'oiiif  Dcluada,  and  is  a  nam 


nil!  slightly   piojectin;,'  line  of  l.ind  t\ 


isiiloiiy;  thecoa>t,  and  from  two  hundied  to  tive  Inimlre''  >aids  wide.     It  is  licmlered  Ne.iwMid 
a  >iiip  of  sand  from  thirty  to  one  hundred  and  tliiil\  yards  in  width,  and  thi>  a;:.iin  li\  a  sand 


■iihl  iKiw  I    er  Hear 


h,  bare  at  low  water,  from  lilt\  to  eii;lii\   \  aids  in  w  idtli.     Ileliind.  the  tlal.  sti 


v|ii{'<'s  partially  co\ered  with  oak  and  pine,  lise  to  t\\ent\  tiiiu  hundred  feet  at  .Miller's  llid^^e.  one 
mill'  in  from  tlm  .south  cud.  Th'  hills  «-outiiiue  to  rise  to  twenty  seven  hundred  and  ei;;ht\  feel  at 
.s|iiiliii,'k  Peak,  within  two-thirds  of  a  mile  of  the  tiorth  end  of  the  liat.  The  rid;;es  from  these 
praks  are  mostly  hire  of  timber.  Pietwcen  them  is>  les  through  aslnu't  deep  cafioii  the  inonntain 
>liiMiii  known  as  IJi;;'  Cieek,  with  its  luoad  winter  channel  way  tilled  with  sami  and  boulders.  It 
r\|iaiii|s  near  the  beach,  bat  does  not  force  its  wa,\  through  in  summer.  Tlie  wreck  of  the  Sliidiriik 
Vi.{^  live  hundred  yanis  east-southeast  from  the  mouth  of  this  .-.tnam. 

Two  (M'  Ihiee  lines  of  old  sea-beaches  are  visible  on  the  sonlh  side  of  the  creek,  the  highest 
niiiil\  twenty  teet  above  the  sea. 

file  ;;eii;^raphical  ]iosition  of  the  Coast  and  (leodetie  Survey  station  I'.iu  Plat  on  the  extreme 
'iMii!n\estern  part  of  the  Hat  is: 

l.aliliiilf -Ill-'  I'T'    I-   .J  iioilli. 


l.nllL'itllllr I-'l   '    II 


\v,-sl. 


<  ll,    Ml    tlllH' 


ll.    II..'. 


Ill  .lannary,  l.>>.s,"),  the  lin(>  of  eipial  ina^jnelic   v.niation  of  b'^    on    east  crossed   the  coa.t-line 
^i|>  iie.irly  in  the   lalitmleof  P.i;:;-  I'lat.      It    moves  soiilliward  nearly  one  minute  of  arc  annually. 

I'liilll  lii^'  I'lat  to  Puiita  (iorda  the  coasl  line  is  remarkalil\  stiai;:ht  for  eleven  and  one 
'|iii;iir  miles  imrtli  sixty  three  dej,'rees  west  (N.  t;:',  W  ...  Half  a  do/en  short,  small  mountain 
Mii'.niis  come  upon  the  shore,  w  hich  has  a  few  roidis  otV  its  northwestern  hall'.  The  inoiintains 
111'  vi'iy  lii^h,  \arvinir  from  sixteen  hundred  to   twcnt  v  eiuhl    hnmlrcd   teet    within  oim  mile  of 


ii.  i..i.an. 


lliiiho(iitij)liii  hnxiil  nil'  Hill  Flat. — Leaviuj;  the  shore  in  laiiinde  HI-  07'  I.S"  north  and  loiiuiliide 
l-l    1 1'  d.l"  West,  the  sonndin;;s  show  that  at  one  mile  the  deplli  of  water  i>  twenty  seven  fathoms 


iliott. 


III!  of  broken  shells,  and  ;;i'av  sand,  tine  and  cuarse;  at  t  wo  miles,  tiftv-live  fathoms,  o\er 


liiii' l;i  i\  sand;  at  three  miles,  seventy  fitli  mis  over  liliie  mud  which  wastirst  fuiiiid  at  adeiditnf 
•i\i\  iniir  tathonis;  at  four  nnles,  seveiitv  eiL;lit  lathoms,  over  tine  ^ray  sand  and  bliie.uud;  at 
lis.  one  hnmlrcd  f.ithoms,  over  \\\w  mml,  and  at  six  miles,  one  hundred  and  til'ly  fathoms. 


ll. 


"M'l  Miu"  mud. 


17-' 1 1  V  «,' liO 


ll 


I'l 


;ii*^ 


mi 


X 


ill.  i 


il 

il 


306 


rACIKtC   COAST    IMUiT. 


/v',7y».— TliiTi'  is  II  H'.MiiU  imlcli  of  kilp  to  tin-  wcstwanl  of  I'.i^'  Fliit,  Imt  no  iiniiratioim  of  1.  , 
thiiii  six  liitl H  of  wattT  wen-  I'ouiiil  in  it.     However,  no  vessel  sliouM  jjo  lliroiij;li  it. 

SlKuiisli   /'/riMs  four  iinil  a  half  miles  noitlnveslwanl  from  I'.i;;   I'lat  an<l  tliirteen  miles  ii.>i 
sixty-one  (lefiit'es  west  (N.  til  '  \\.)  fii>iii  rnini    Kelpaila.     It  is  the  noitliein  end  of  ii  lineof  sani 
Mhore  from  tliiity  to  t\No  hnmlieil  ,\arils  wiile,  and  reaehin;;  sontliward   to  within  one  ami     i 
half  mileM  of  the  iiorlli  end  of  r>i^  Flat.    Oiitsnle  of  this  sandy  shore  lies  a  low  water  nand  Imm. 
and   rock  heaeli ;   many  small  roeUsliet\\o  hundred  to  three  huinlred  yaids  olf  shore.     Near  i'. 
npiier  end  ol' Spanish  i-'lat  the  steamer  ,l(7/cc  was  straided  ami  beeann-  a  total   wi-eek   in   I^. 
there  was  a  hi;;h  fojjat  tln<  tinu'  hiding;  the  tops  and  slopes  of  the  hills,  Imt  the  enast  lim-  eonM  >. 
seen,  and  persons  alon;^  the  shore  to  the  southward  saw  the  steanu'r  passin;;  nnnsuall.v  close  tut'. 
land.     She  lay  one  hundred  and  twenty  yards  oil'  the  nhore  line, 

ISehind  Spanish  I'lal  lises  lladley's   Hill,  twenty  seven  iiundred  and  ten  feet  ele\ation,  \. 
its    Hanks  elear  of  tindter;  the  Ion;;  bare  rid;;e  of  Wild  Oats   Hill,  twenty-three  huni.'rcd  .1 
twenty  feet;  ami  Spanish  Hill,  tw»«nty  two  Iiundred  feet.     Thes(>  are  bare  of  trees  hut  then; 
venin;;  ^tup's  aie  tilled  with  redwood  and  oak. 

UtjIHiilils'  h'ink  lies  six  and  a  half  miles  noith  s<'veidyli\e  ileyiees  west  (N.  7.">>  W.)  from  I    . 
Flat,  and  four  hundred  and  ei^Mity  yards  olV  the  shore  diieetly  under  the  almost  ])reeipitons  .s|..|>. 
«>f  IJeymilds'  Spur,  ei^dit  hundred  and  twenty  feet  hi;;li  and  oidy  thre(*  Iiundred  and  tweiilv 
yards  iidand.     On  either  side  of  the  .spur  theie  are  clumps  of  led  wood  and  oak,  but  it  is  bare  In  I  ■ 
and  above  to  the  top  of  Lake  Hill  i!i<lK<'<  wliiili  rises  to  twenl.N  two  hnmlred  leet  an*l  more. 

lieynolds'  I'ock  is  but  a  f«w  yards  in  diameter  and  twenty  feet  above  tlu'  sea. 

IJililriiiiniphif  hniail  olV  UnjiuiUh'  ICock. — The  soundings  show  that  at  oni>  mile  from  tlieshoir  i  i.. 
depth  «tf  water  is  twenty  fathoiiisoxer  a  bottom  of  line  ^ia\  sand;  at  two  miles,  thirty-tlvefatlinn., 
tine  ;;ray  sand;  at  tiiree  nules,  si\t\  I'uur  fathoms,  blue  mud;  at  four  miles,  om^  linndri  d  ;i  1 
twenty  fathoms,  line  ^ray  sand;  at  live  miles,  one  hundred  and  ninety-seven  fathoms;  and  ai  ~  > 
nnles,  two  hundred  and  lifty  I'allnims. 

Riitliins'  />'r(Y(/,.— This  hiihlin  diiiiiiir  was  discovered  durin;;  tlui  topo;;raplii<!al  .survey  of  ili  ~ 
shore.     It  is  a  Ineak  on  a  sunken  rock  thiTtecii  hundred  and  ei;;htytive  yard.s  broad  olf  tlie  cdi-i 
line  above  Iic\  nobis'  Hock  and  uialer  Lake  Hill.      It  is  maikediui  the  recent  ehait  as  Xiir  l',>-i<:i. 
and  lies  six  and  three  i|iiarters  miles  north  sixty-nine  decrees  west  (N.  (i'.t^  W.)  from  IJi;;  l-'lat,  ^nul 
four  and   three  iiuaiters  miles  soiilh   lidy-three  dij,Mees  east  (S.  iJ.P  V..)  from  the  conical  rmk    -n 
Point  (iorda.     I'rom  the  muthwcst   part  of  I'oint  Hel^Mda  it  is  distant  fourteen  and  oiiiili  ;<: 
miles,  and  bears  mutli  si\I\  one  and  u  half  ileyrees  west    (N.  (11.]^  \\ .).     This  is  the  failhoi  n 
lyin;;  daiip']'  alon^^  this  stretch  of  the  coast.     In  the  h\ droj^raphie  sarvey  of  this  locality  in  1~^'- 
the  hast  water  found  on  this  sniikcri  rock  was  three  feci,  with  twelve  and  thirteen  fathoms  iiiiii . 
diately  around  it,  and  a  pa>saj;e-way  with  more  than  six  fathoms  of  water  three  hundred  and  ii::- 
yards  wide  between  it  ami  the  shoie.     There  is  less  tliaii  three  f;'et  of  water  iijiom  it  at  exlreiiic-  |.    . 
tides,  and  the  top  w  as  seen  by  the  survey  in^  si  earner  oiic(>  or  tw  ice  in  the  hollow  of  the  lai'iic  s\m  I  - 
It  is  a  very  sharp-poiiitid  [(inmu'le  rock  of  the  same  form  as  thetiorda  Ilock  and  breaks  sclilnin. 

I'he  top  of  the  rock  is  very  small,  and  its  ^'leatest  len^rlh  is  par.dlel  with  the  sliore  line. 

Thk're  is  ami)le  roimi  and  j,'ood  depth  of  water  between  il  and  Kc\  nohls'  Hock  for  stcaiini  s  . 
l)ass  throu;;h  if  they  are  skirlin;;  llie  shore  closely,  but  they  should  keep  outside. 

I'or  a  mile  ahm;.;  the  beach  iioi  tliwestward  of  Hcyiiolds'  Kock  theie  are  plenty  of  mik^  >  '  ■  ■ 
under  the  shore,  and  at  seven  hundred  and  titty  yards  from  il  there  is  a  mnihrn  mch  thuf  Iniiin  •. 
and  fifty  yaids  olV  .^hore;   at  one  thinisand  vards  there  is  aiiotlier  .vHiiAcd  iixh-  three    hiiinlieil  .    ■! 


thirty  yards  olf  shore,  but  boih  of  these  are  less  than  one  hundred   yards  outside  of  the  \  i- 
nicks,  which  are  about  twenty  by  ten  yards  in  extent.     Thence  the  low-water  liiuHs  n cKv 
continues  Ixu-dcred  by  hundreds  cd"  rocks  to  Point  (lorda. 

At  three  and  oiu'-third   miles  southeastward  of  (lorda  Itock   is  the  ;;ory«' of  Couskir  (  1. 
w  hicli  is  c|aile  conspicnous.     'J'lie  hills  are  depressed  here,  and  this  dc|iression  can  In-  readil\  n 
•  Hit  ill  the  ni;;ht.     The  captains  of  the  coastin;;  .steamers,  hu^'Kin;,'  this  shore  closely  in  the  in. 
Ilnd  this  a  ;:i)od  mark  for  niakin<;  I'oint  (iorda. 

liiiil.s  III)'  Sill  I, inn  (//(/(/(.—Two  and  a  half  mihs  southeast  from    I'oint  <!ortla  there  is  a  \ 


sliKht  indeiilatioii  of  the  coast  line  when 


tl 


le  rocUs  coin 


ineiice  in  L^reat  numbers,  and  a  eliish 


moderately  lii;,'h  rocky  islets  lies  Irom  ( hunched  and  lifty  to  two  hundred  and  seventy  live  >;. 

olf  shore.     About  seven  hundn'd  and  sixty  yanls  bntad  off  the  deepest  jiart  of  this  bi^rht. 
directly  sontii  of  the  cluster  of  rocky  islets,  lies  a  Kunktn  rmk  not  vet  named.     The  rocky  1- 


iaiS-;  ..,!»■■ 


k 


i. 


'H,h'  t 


i 


ifl 


f  i 


!* 


:A-    I 


/ 

i 

i  ■ 

f'  . 

:  ^1 

r,«><  ..^ 


BE" 


.^P^'f^^^'-,;C 


, .       ''^iiiSr*** 


•;r  :7?s4USfeaMt  uJXTrf 


Tunta  liorda,  NW.  li)  N.  |  N..  l:l  mhIki, 
Coaiit  from  SIkIkt  Cnvii  to  I'linln  tJorcn.  1  viown:    \'iow  4. 


'i,'M;:>  (vrt. 


U.'i'.il  fort.     I,itki>  Hill,       Miittiil.- M.iuiilaiii.  ;i,ii:<:i  ff«i. 


:«(i*^  ■■;""-%'*  §r-. 


Siifjnr  I.oiir.  3:il  ffet.  I>ii„t.4  (.'onlH  Kc  k. 

i>  Capo  MfiHlKcino,  NW.  Iiy  N.  J  N-.  ••'i*  inili"*. 


rmita  liiinlij,  N.  Iiy  \V.  ^  \V.,4  iiiilcM. 


I'liiita  Gorila, 
K.SF..,!"  miles. 


Hi'liiiiii  HevnoM's  Hock. 


Dihtuiil,  1  iiiiii  lM'ariii({  .SK.  Iiy  K 


air  I., Ill 
Si'ii  I'i'l 
riinii 
(■lf\.i'i| 
'  I 
is;i  -   '\ 


I'ACIKIC   COAST   riLOT.  .",07 

;ii<'  I  lifli  fn'()ii('iiteil  liy  soalions,  niid  tlui  (It'cji  j;iilcli  abrciist  (if  tlioiii  lias  boon  naiiicd  after  tlniii 
Si;i  Lull  (iiili'li.  IHrrclly  over  tins  Iti^lit  rises  llie  .soutlieastern  end  <if  tlie  j;reiit  tieeless  rid^e 
niiihiiiu   three  miles  east   from   I'oiiit  Ciorda.aml  reaeliiiiji  t\\eiit\  three  liiiiidred  and  sixty  feet 

,.|,.v. n  at   Mount  (i   r<la.     All  its  Hankin},'  };or;;fs  are  hlled  witii  redwood  and  oak, 

I'ki-  MUc  Vrirl,  liixk. — Abreast  of  the  most  (iutl,\inti  \  isilde  roeiis  near  I'oiir  Mih-Creek  there 
is  a  >  ::iken  roek  aliout  one-third  of  a  niih'  oil'  shore.  It  has  only  fonr  feel  of  water  upon  it,  and 
like  i;  il;,'ers'  Itreak  it  \eiy  frequently  <b)es  not  breakeven  when  tiiere  is  a  heavy  northwest  swell. 

PUNTA    GORDA 

in  \essels  liomid  \\\^  tin'  coast  and  folbtwinf;'  its  ti'end  as  fornn'd  by  the  i)rinei|ial  points,  (Japo 
A|,  :m  M  nio  is  hi(blen  until  llicy  are  up  with  I'nida  (loida. 

Tins  lieadlantl,  as  its  name  iiiiplies,  is  a  lar<:(',  hiuli,  Ixild,  and  ronndiiiL;  eape,  wiili  its  shores 
iiiiiiliim'  from  the  point  southeast  by  east  (Sf;.  by  K.j  Initwo  and  a  lialf  miles,  and  north  [S.)  from 
(lie  |.iiiii  for  three,  or  fonr  nnles. 

ll  lies  north  sixty  dej;rees  west  (N.  (iO  W.)  nineteen  and  tliree-f|uaiters  miles  from  Shelter 
CdVi';  north  thirty  six  ami  a  half  de;;iees  west  (N.  .'"tlA  W.j  ei.i;lity-Ilnee  and  a  half  miles  from 
i'lijiil  Arena  Li^ht  house,  and  south  twenty  ei^ht  de^'rees  east  (S.  I'S  V..)  ten  and  lliree-i|narters 
miles  imm  Cape  Mendocino. 

Oiii'  j^'reat  treeless  rid;;c  of  sixteen  hundred  feet  elevation  comes  from  the  noitheast  to  the 
Miii'ii  1  il^t^  of  the  eape.  This  forms  the  pitch  of  the  eape;  but  its  massivcness,  as  seen  tioni 
,>ii'au;iiil.  is  iiMMcased  by  the  ^ivM  treeless  ridj,'e  of  Mount  ( iorda,  twenty-three  hundred  and  sixty 

(iTt  lii^li,  which  comes  for  two  and  a   half  miles    IVom   the  easiwiird.  lis  extremily  n tin;;  the 

cMiciiiiiy  of  the  I'ormer  rid;;e  at  the  j;nlch  of  !''onr  .Mile  (reek,  six  InindriMJ  auil  lilty  vardsMinth 
111  (III  .  ipe.  This  j;ulch  is  tilled  with  redwood,  and  all  tl'c  minor  mmIcIu's  wiih  oak  and  deeiiiuoiis 
nci>.  I  he  seaward  front  of  the  cape  attains  eij;ht  hnudrcd  and  nine  hundred  del  elc\ation 
\nlliiii  Inui  hundred  yards  of  the  ocean,  and  the  iiitcii  of  it  is  a  small  spur  one  liun<li'ed  and  Ibits 
i(-ct  lii^li  onl.\  lilty  yards  IVom  the  sea.  A  narrow  strip  of  sand,  up  to  twenty  feet  el. 'val ion, 
liniili'i^  the  eapi^  for  oni^  and  a  half  miles  .south,  and  two  and  a  half  miles  northwest  to  the 
M.in.'lr  i;i\cr.  Outside  of  this  a  line  (d' liimdreils  of  rocks  and  rocky  islets  reaches  from  three 
liiiihli.  .1  ami  lilty  to  six  Inindred  yards  olf  shore. 

■flic  imu'e  prominent  of  these  (/((/(//(*•.'-■  are  (Inrdii  /.'(k/,,  which  lies  eiuht-ninlhs  of  a  miledirectly 
MHitli  of  the  pitch  of  the  cape,  and  tw(d\e  hiindicd  yards  bioad  otV  I'oiir  Mile  Creek  (liilcli.  This 
is;i\i-i\  small  conical  rock,  sixteen  feel  above  the  sea,  and  has  lilleen  fathoms  of  \\  ater  elo,>e 
iiiidri  lis  south  side.  The  sea  ;icm'rall,\  breaks  over  it.  lis  leiijilh  lies  west  nortliwcsi  and  easl- 
Miiiihii>l.  There  is  deep  water  close  around  it.  The  <'oast  Sitrvcy  steamer  has  passed  between 
It  ;iiiil  ihi'  lauil  in  a  hea\y  northwester,  but  kept  as  close  to  the  rock  as  was  prudent.  It  lies  in 
ilic  ii.ick  of  the  smaller  coaslin;;-  sleainers  which  run  close  under  the  land  in  thick  weather  or 
hIiiii  llicie  is  a  heavy  swell.  The  nearest  rocks  insiile  of  it  lie  four  hundred  Nanls  olf  the  shore, 
;iii(|  the  three  oilier  ones  of  these  are  frcuu  liftecii  to  Iwenly  li\e  yards  in  extent,  with  asunliiii 
i»i7.  si\ciil\  live  .\ards  soutlh'ast  of  the  middle  one.  .\iiotlier  .•naihiii  rue/.'  lies  live  hundred  and 
I  ulii\  \ai'ds  broad  olV  the  shore,  one  and  one  ei,i;htli  miles  southeast  of  the  pitch  of  the  cape,  and 
riu'MXths  of  a  mile  east  half  south  (l!,  \  S,)  from  (Iiuila  I  lock.  Halt  wav  between  it  and  the  shore 
111- liiicc  (U' four  moderately  huije  rocks  aliove  water  and  .i  1  leak  between  the  t  wo  outer  oiiis. 

'■..linil  /I'oi'/,-  is  a  iiiarke<l  feature  three  hiimlred  vaids  noitliwest  b\  \\c>t  lliii'c  i|iiaiters  west 
NW.  \>\  \\.  ,'  \V.;  from  the  pitch  of  the  cape,  it  is  liliy  yaids  in  exieiil,  nearly  I'ircular.  ami 
iiM-s  I.I  .dmosf  Ivvnly  feel  alio\(>  the  sea.  Three  humlicd  and  lilly  \aids  wr>t  by  north  hall' 
iMiili  W.  li\  N.  A  N.)  from  this  rock  lies  a  low  rock  I  wcnl,\  live  \  aids  in  extent,  and  lictwt'cii 
!lii-iii  !~  ,1  lar;;('  area  of  breaks.  Ki;,dil  liiiiidied  and  I'oriy  .vaidsmutli  llility  nine  decrees  west 
N.  '''  W  .)  from  Conical  Itock  is  a  sin;;le  siiiilidi  ruch'  l.\iii,i;  six  liiindied  yards  broad  olf  the  slmie, 
I  Ml'  I  I  to  the  no)  I  h  ward  from  Conical  IJock  for  one  and  oiu'third  miles,  the  shore  is  liordered  li,\ 
iiii  k>  .  Ii.se  inshore,  but  a  sunken  rork  lies  nearly  foiii'  hundred  .\ards  from  shore  one  ami  (UielirHi 
iiiili-< th  ei^^hleen  «lt  ^'rees  west  (N.  |s     \\\)  fi„in  Conical  Uock, 

I  ill'  t;eoy;iaphi''al  ]>osilion  of  the  Conical  Itock  olf  I'liiita  Corda,  as  determined  by  the  l'.  S, 
'"1-^    iiid  «leodetie  Survey,  is: 

I.iililililr 411      t"i'  :i-   ..'•  iimih, 

l.iiii);itnili- l-.'l     -'1     1:1  -i  wist. 

Or,  In  tlino s''  IT'"  •.'(;-.',•. 


II    I 


if    ■* 


',  ,.il 


I 


,( '■ 


308  I'AllllC    (■»)AST    I'll.oT 

Tlio  inajriiotic  viiriatioii  was  l>^  (i."i'  t-ast  in  Jamiury,  1885,  ami  it  iinToases  0' 0  aimuall.v. 
From  till"  Conii-al  l!ock  oil'  I'liiiia  (ionla  tli«  bearings  and  (li.staiift>H  to  prominent  ohjtTls  ui, 
as  follows : 

rnilit  ArciiM  I-iiilillionsc. S.  :!(;(  I'..  h;U  iiiUch. 

I'Miiit  |lil;;a(la  |Sli.ll(i-  C'ov.'] S.  tl(l  '  K.  ISI}  inilrH. 

(';i|M'  MrtiilociiMi   l.i;;lil-lioiisr N.  "JH  \V.  11    inili'S, 

lUuiit's  K'l'il'i  li'-lfi't   MiiiKi'ii  riiik  liiir  a  inilf  SI",,   liy  S.  of  ri'i'l')...   N.  (ii  '  \V.  ITj  iiiili'H. 

llijihoijiajilnj  liiiiiiil  o(l'  I'l'iiit  (liirilii. — Tin'  MMiii(linj;s  show  that  at  a  ilistancc  of  one  iriilc  iinin 
till' short'  thi'(lii>th  of  walcr.is  twciitv  live  fatiioiiis  over  a  bottom  of  jiiavd  ami  broken  shci>; 
at  two  mill's,  tliirt,\  si'vcii  i'athoins  over  line  (jra.v  sand;  at  tiirce  miles,  lilt,vfoiir  fathoms,  line  ^u 
saml ;  at  four  miles,  sixty-ei;;lit  fathoms  over  coarse  sand,  and  at  this  deptli  tlu'ie  is  {jreeii  inn  i  ■., 
the  northward  and  line  };ray  sand  to  the  soiitli :  at  live  miles,  one  hundred  and  two  fathiiiii>  i.\ .  i 
liine  mini  and  tine  j^iay  sand,  and  at  six  miles,  one  hnmlred  and  seventy  live  fathoms. 

riiliil  (ididiL—  Wiiiil  (iinl  Ciirrfiits. — ^The  wind,  sea,  and  the  eiirrents  olf  roint  ("mrda  are  |  : 
alily  as  >tronj,'  as  olV  aii.\  jioint  on  the  eo.isl,  ami  fri'iineiit  and  stroii;;  eiirnnl  ri|is  are  notieeil.     1 
is  frecineiilly   called   W'ind.v    I'oiiit.     Abreast   of   the  cape,   and   e\telldili.tj  to  the  westwanl,     :, 
onelinndred   fathom   platean,  inaiked   by  rocky  bottom,  stretches  six   miles  to  the  month  ni  ijn 
Mattole  Snbmaiiiie  N'alley. 

This  cape  was  naiiied  1  iinia  (buila  on  the  early  Spanish  charts.  On  lOn^rlish  charts  ii  .  i. 
called  l>el,;:ado  Point.  In  TcbeiikolVs  Atlas  of  ("harts  it  is  called  Cape  l>eloi;aido  (or  Dcic^.n.:,  . 
The  present  name  is  apt  and  ilescriptiv  t',  ''(birda"  meanin;;  H:reat,  and  ronndii.^. 

I'lNTA    <i01!liA    Tti   CAl'K   MKNDdClNO. 

From  Punta  Goida,  Cape  Mendocino  hears  noit'iwest  by  north  half  north  (X\V.  by  N.  '  n 
and  the  distance  between   them   is  eleven   miles;   the  siiore  line  recedes  to  the  eastward  "i       - 
course  oin'  and  oneipiaiter  miles.     The  iiiils  iminediately  Itack  of  the  coastline  are  not  so  hu:,  i 
those  soiilh  oi   I'liint  (bnda  :  they  are  li.ireol  timber  and  ;;enerally  bordered   by  stretches  m  1    v 
narrow,  and  sand\  llais,  (iiii>ide  of  w  hicli  lies  a   narrow,  low-water  beach,  rocky  in  many  pi  i.    - 

Thii  oiiiIn  in;;' rneks  and  lneaUs  are  not  nnne  than  t  wo  iliiids  of  a  mile  Iroin  shore  until  will :. 

and  a  half  miles  ul'  Cajie  Mendocino,  w  here  they  be^iii  to  reach  out  lartlier  and  cnlmiiiate  in  th^ 
visible  rocks  il    l'.liiiit'>  Itcef.  uiiicli  lies  nearly  iwnand  three  (piarters  miles  broail  olV  the  ii|ii 

The  daii;;eis  ulf  tlie  .-.jinre  jnst  iioi  "h  of  I'll  III  a  tioiila  liaM'  been  ineiitioped.     From  hall  :i 
north  of  the  pi'iiit  the  c(imi|>:icI   slioic  is  bordered  by  a  bro.nl,  saiid.N  iieacli  for  over  a  mile,   ' 
saml  dunes  lisin;;'  to  one  hundred  feet  at  one  mile  from  the  point,  and   nnmerons  rocks  iii>iii.  i 
and  reachiii;;  alunil  one  hiindred  yards  bi'\oiid  the  low  water  line, 

Mdtttilc  lilnr  is  a  small  stre.im  openiii;;  on  the  coast  two  miles  north  of  I'linta  (!orda,  tin   i,. 
a  valli'y  one  third  of  a  mile  wide  tilled  with  sand  llals.     It  rises  abreast  ol"  Shelter  Cove,  inn.  \<,\ 
allelwith  tile  coastline  (Mily  lour  or   live  miles  inland,  and  after  making'  a   sliarj)  curve   i    i 
of  its  nioiilh  liiirsis  i  hroii;;li  the  mountains  ol  the  coast      Tiie  river  does  not  alw  ays  breaii  tin      _ 
the  beach;  the  month  ^eiicralls  closi  >  alimil  .Inly  and  opens  aboat    No\ember,  and  at  the  i.    ■ 
the  toponiapliicil  sni\e\  tlic  narrowest  p.ul  of  the  beach  lielweeii  it  and  the  ocean  was  liri\   . 
wide  at  hiyli  water.     'I'ln'    noilh    he, id    is   tlnee    hundred  and  .sixty  feet  hi^h  and  bare  ;   the  ^.   , 
liead  is  neails  as  lii;;li,  Iml  liasuik  tii'es  inside  its  lower  llank, 

Tpon  the  sides  of  the  hills  in  lower  M.ittolc  \'.ille\ .  and  not  more  than  a  mile  from  the  ■       ■ 
sprili;:s  of  IMtloleilm  were  diseoMred    In    Isfil.     Tlie   tow  11  of  I'iIioUk  is  located  at  since  ol 
spriii;:s.     .Mon;;  the  cmirse  ol   the  siieam  are  lar^e  areas  of  bottom  land  under  cnliivat  mi: 
J.'reat  liclds  of  s'leep  are  on  the  hillsides. 

On  some  l';ii;;lish  charts  the  name  of  this  river  is  laid  down  as  U.  des  Marons,  evideiili- 
the  same  ori;;iii  as  the  Maroiie  iJiver  of 'I'elienkolf,  who  places  il   in   l.iiitmle  10    (IT.     M.ii- 
an  Indian   name  (of  two  s,\  llables;,  and  il    is   likelv  to  have  been   piononiiced  or  nnder.stn'   : 
.Maione  by  some  persi.ns, 

Miitliilr  li'iiir. —  L(i  11(1  inn  1 1,.  Sitii'l  l>inii\ — The  sand  dune  on  the  south  side  of  the  entrance  ; 
valley  is  a  well  known   landmirk,  beeaiise  there  is  no  nlhei    in  this  i'e;;ion  as  far  siaiih  ,i     I 
Mile  Ilivel. 

Mnlli'li  Aitrhorn  If. —  I'ln  Ihiriilsmi  liislmn  I'.ililii  t'linviit. — The  aiicliora;;e  ofl' the  immlli  ■  i  • 
Matlole  Ifiver  is  foul,  but  may  be  used  under  stress  of  ciii'iimstances  both  in  nortliwestei  I .  n'l 
suutlieasierh  weather. 


all.v. 

ibjffts    Ml 


il      i: 


mill'  Il 

-:i 

>fii  .-.111 

,  line  ._ 

*'ii  lull 

liiiiii^  1 

1  iirc  )■ 

„1, 

iilii'i'il. 

1- 

tWIllll. 

;iii 

mill  III' 

III.' 

;iits  it 

W    |> 

)fh',u;ii 

jl    J 

•ilt'i  ' 


).v  N.  J  N  . 
anl  III'  ili.i' 
t  so  lii;;ii  ,i« 

I'lu'S  ol'  l"«. 

llll\    Jillri  « 

Wilillll  illli 

11-    III    !lii' 

ic  r,i|ii'. 

llfii  II  ill' 

iill',   \Mll( 

iii.'-iiji-  III 


I,  lilli'U.ll 

111)--  I'll 

IXC  IIHllli 
iv  (IlliHI-il 
II'    li'lii    III 

rni>  \.'.iiN 

till'     Mllllll 


rh 


it 


ti 


w 


♦.  % 


'    i^"iS 


the  .'..l>t. 
.(•  ..(■  till-' 
ill  Hill.  .Hill 

■Illl\     'H'lM 

M.lltol.'    I- 

Icl'.sl '.    •!- 

•illU'fl'       'l' 
nil    .1-      I'' 

Olllll    I'     1    I' 

I'siciU   Hill 


■   1 

'(                       1 

j 

1 

' 

^^i 

i     ■■  ■ 

m 

PcintaOnrda,  SK.,I4j  mil.. 


Rock  white  on  P,  sidp. 


Sugar  Loaf,  X!I  fret 


('a|.e  Mpri.loci,,,,  Li«lit.l„.„s,..  K.  i  S,  :,  mil,. 


f 


1 


I  1 


I 


I'M 


•'•;i  f' 


1 


W  1 

Ytii^a  - 

lit  Hi" 
it  cm  I 

li. 

W.lll'l. 

Uli 

U  M'l    v\ 

A 

llClllS    .1 

llllrc  liii 
,S'  .1 

rlii.Nii  r 
a  mill'  ii 
fjiiai'li'i  s 

sIlDIl',    i.l 

llll'  ^llnri 

A  I.l 

SlM  I. loll 

i>r  iiiis  I 

.-illdlr 

(if  inluii 

]),„ll 

lllMliv    ll. 

Iliill)  ;iii 
lir.ll'  ihii  I 

|iirk\    |il( 

lihirii  Mil' 

wlnVll  IS  ; 

l>,ril 

mill'  "tii'i 
■ilini 
I'Vti'iHJiiii: 
ilH.ill.  I 
lilliiilii'il  \ 

{.'"I'^'i'S  ' 

in 

Til.'  J 
hiiiiilri'iM' 
I'll!'  icri'ii'i 

lint 
^iiliiii.n  lilt 
I'liii^l  line. 

Til..  T 

til  lllr  .sou 

»arilly  iv. 
Jliis  iiiiiiii 
inil.-s  iiort 
ii  mill'  Hill 

llllilil-  iho 


li' 


I'ACIFIC   COAST    IMKor. 


.'{()!» 


\\  lit'ii  tlio  Coast  Survey  sloaiiicr  lias  Ihhmi  iincli<»icil  licit'  in  a  liravy  iirirtliwcst  swell,  with  a 
Ijirlii  M.iiiiicasl  lii'cr/.c  a  <|iiai'trr  of  a  iiiil<>  iiisiili-  the  slii|i,  slir  lias  rininil  a  sIidii;;  iiortliu't'st  wind 
;it  tl;'  iiirlii>ra;;o.  'I'lif  vi'sscl  wouhl  lit-  lolliny;  licavily  in  tin-  licavv  nortliwcst  s\Nfll  anil  liiliii;^  to 
aciiiii  III  lioiii  the  soiillii-ast  iiiiinin;,'  oiit'  to  two  knots. 

Ill  \i>vt  iitHT,  ISSI,  llic  set  of  llic  (Uiircnt  to  tin'  northwest wanl  was  so  stroii;;  as  to  kt't'p  the 
K,  l|i  (II  iiiiiliT  water  and  out  ol'si^lil.  Two  weeks  later  the  kel|>  was  thiek  on  the  smlaee  oftiie 
wiiiii  V,  liiie  tln'ro  was  a  heavy  swell  I'roni  the  sontliwest  with  the  sea  lireakin;;'  in  ten  falhoins  of 

\V:iIci. 

W  In  II  the  U\<i  has  been  andiori'd  oil'  tlie  Matlole  h'iver  to  disehai  jrc  t'rei^lil,  she  lias  tended  to 
a  M'l  mI  ilie  current  to  the  northward  a;;ainst  a  stron;,'  ncitliwesi  wind  and  swell. 

A  .■.ml I. (It  roe/,- lies  seven  hnndred  yaids  oil' shore  one  mile  north  of  the  .Matlole  Ui\cr.  It 
Ik'iiis  iioith  eleven  and  a  hall'  dej;recs  west  (N.  IP,  W.)  two  and  onesexcntli  miles  lioin  the 
Ciiiiiriil  Kiiik  otV  I'nnta  (lorda.  Inside  of  it  there  is  n  rock  aliove  water,  sixty  yards  in  extent  and 
iliii-e  liiiiiilicd  \ards  otV  shore. 

,v  .1  I, ion  Ixiiih;  twi'lve  feet  liifjh  and  lifty  yards  in  cxleiit.is  the  lar;;est  and  sonlherninost  of  a 

rjiish  r  ipf  seven  rock.s  coverin;^  a  spai f  one  hniiilri'il  and  lifty  \ards.     They  lie  a  lit  lie  over  half 

a  mill'  Iroin  shore  and  liear  noilh  sixteen  and  a  half  dc;.;iecs  west  (N.  IilJ,  W.;  tliiee  and  lliree- 
iiii;iitris  miles  from  the  Conical  K'ock  otf  I'nnt.i  (ioiihi.  Insjiic  thoe  rucks  iieai  ly  halfway  to 
slinir,  lies  a  Kiinlit'ii  nnL;  and  then  low  rocks  ami  rocky  ish  ts  strilcli  out  four  hundred  yards  from 
ilii'  >liiiii'  hiu'. 

A  liMiad,  sandy  llat,  with  sand  dunes  niidci'  the  iireci|iilons  moiintain  sides,  lie;;ins  aUreast  of 
Srii  I. I'll  l.'iick  and  strelches  loni' miles  to  the  noilhwesi  u  aid.  The  coast  hill  iiiimcdiah'iy  aWieasf 
III'  tills  loi'k  reaches  an  elevation  of  nine  linndred  and  lifly  feel  in  not  i|iiilc  hall  a  iiiiie  from  liic 
slitiiv  ll  is  hare  (if  forest  trees  on  its  seaward  face  except  in  the  ;;iiiclies,  lint  has  a  dense  ;;iowth 
nl'iriUMiod  and  oak  on  its  northern  slope. 

I'lnililr  /i'<«7i-,  consisliny  of  two  small  rocks  close  to;;ctIier,  lies  fi>;lit  liiinilred  yards  otV  sliore 
iir;iil>  lialf  a  mile  northwest  from  Sea  Lion  Itock,  The  twii  rocks  are  alioiit  luehe  feel  lii;ih  and 
lliiil\  and  twenty  yard.s  in  extent,  respectively.  From  the  Conical  Mock  oil'  Point  Corda  they 
lir.ii  iiiiilh  nineteen  det;rees  west  (N.  Ill  '  W.)  four  and  oiie  tenth  miles. 

IIiPi  l,s  ImiiiIci'  ilie  shore  outside  the  sand  dniics  for  one  and  a  half  miles  to  Mnsxil  f,cil<ii',  a 
imkN  |ii(iiccli(in  stretcliiiiH' lonr  hundred  yards  to  the  sonlhwestwaid  from  tiie  shore-line,  with  a 
lihick  ini'k  on  the  same  course  on  the  liroad,  sandy  luacli  two  linndred  yards  in>iiic  the  same,  and 
vviiirli  IS  ,1  Very  conspicinins  oliject  to  vessels  close  otf  Cape  .Mendocino. 

Iiinl's  (liiti  li'iicl:. —  I'or  a  description  of  this  rock,  which  lies  oil  the  iiorlhcrn  end  of  the  four- 
mill' stiiich  of  sand  lieacli  mentioned  above,  sc"  Dantjers  under  Cape  Mendocino. 

Tlirre  is  a  i^reat  nmnlier  of  rocks  inside  the  Dexil's  Ciate  Ifoik  under  the  shore,  and  some 
lAii'inlliii;  six  hnndred  yards  seaward.  They  are  so  nnmeroiis  that  they  can  not  lie  described  in 
lilt, III.  I'lieit'  is  a  narrow,  skirtiii;;  drift  of  sand,  about  twenty  feet  lii^h  and  from  twenty  to  one 
liiiiiiliril  surds  wide,  alony  the  shore.  The  mountain  sidi's  are  steep  and  treeless  and  cut  by  deep 
;;iiii:is;  ihiit  between  the  Devil's  (iate  h'oidv  and  Steamboat  Kock  is  called  the  Devil's  (iate. 

IIMUKKilJAl'IIY  OV  TIIE  COAST  FROM  SIIKI.II-.I!    COVK   I'dWAliDS  ('AIM'.  MI^NDOCIM). 

ihe  ;:eneral  charat'ter  of  the  liydroyjrapliy  alon;.;  this  jiart  of  the  coast  exhibits  tiic  one- 
Hiiihlrnl  lathoin  line  of  .souiidin},'s  at  a  distance  of  about  six  miles  from  the  shore;  and  this  may 
!ni  iil.'ieiice  be  considered  the  inarj;iiial  plateau. 

I  it  the  recent  li,\  dro;;raiiliic  examination  lias  dcveIo|ied  the  existence  of  several  deep 
Miliiii.iiiiie  \ alleys  wliicli  cut  throii{;li  tlit^  inarfjinal  plateau  and  head  close  under  the  iiioiintainoiis 

|".I-I  line. 

Tlie  Tolo  Hank  is  foiiiul  with  only  eight  to  twenty  fallmnis  of  water  four  miles  otf  shore,  Just 
I'iIm  Miiithward  of  Point  Dely;ada. 

11'  Ihliiiithi  SiihiiKiriiic  Vtillij/. — .V  deep  submarine  valley  is  found  the  same  distance  west- 
^'.ir>l  >  Irom  the  point,  and  running:  almost  due  north  directly  into  the  coastline  under  Kin;;  Peak. 
fills  iiiiiiintain  is  four  thousand  two  hundred  and  sixty-live  feet  I  iiL;li,  and  only  twn  and  a  half 
inilis  iHHih  from  the  shore  line;  the  head  of  the  snbmaiine  valley  is  one  hundred  fathoms  dee])  at 
'I  mill'  Mild  a  ipiarter  Irom  the  shore,  while  the  twenty  live-fatiiom  ilepth  isalinost  at  the  rocks 
'I'lil'V  the  dills,     \ih\ti   Peak  is  on  the  prolongation  of  the  axi.s  of  this  deep  valh/y,  which  runs 


Jiif      '.  ft 


m: 


■  ..;! 


u  (^ 


1:11 


310 


I'Aciric  (•c>A>r  I'll, or. 


m 

m 


P 


almost  iiortli  and  soiitli.  The  onliiiar.v  (iiiclmiiilrt'il  fatlioin  line  of  soiindiii^is  lies  six  miles 
Point  Deljiada,  lint  at  sexeii  miles  (loin  sliore  in  the  liifilit  north  ol"  the  point,  the  sntim;ii 
valley  reaches  a  deiilh  of  four  hiinilred  fathoius  south  sixty-foiii'  dej;iees  west  (S.  (Jl  ■  W.,  ii 
the  ]i(iiiit. 

Ueiiee  to  I'oiiit  (lorda  the  one  hnndiod  fatlioni  line  of  soiindiii);«  •'onliniies  iieaily  jtaii 
with  the  eoast'line,  exrept  alioiit  iiiiilvvay  where  a  minor  siilimarine  valley,  from  three  liiindreil 
one  hundred  anil  lifly  lalhoms  dee|i.  stretches  sharply  towaids  the  shoic  and  wiihiii  (woiui. 
Iialf  miles  thereof.      It  lies  ahont  two  and  a  half  miles  south  liy  east  (8.  by  i:.)  from  Spanish  I 

Abreast  of  Kod;;erN'  Hreak  the  twenty-live-fathom  line  of  soundings  is  not  quite  two  milc^ 
shore,  and  the  one-hniidredfathom  line  is  three  and  three  ipiarters  miles  out.  The  <lese<'nl  ti 
one  liundrcd  I'aliioiMs  is  very  shaip.  Ahm;;  the  whole  seaboard,  the  ;,'eiieral  ten  fathom  liiji 
soundin;;s  is  not  miire  than  half  a  mile  from  slioi'e  and  outside  the  line  of  danp'i's,  so  that  t 
of  the  lead  iiiusi  be  i|ui<'k  and  continuous  to  ]irevent  a  ship  fmm  i  iiiinin;^'  into  dan^er.s. 


le  iiM> 


W'cstsoulhwi'st    from    Point  (lorda    the  line  of  one  hundred  fathoms  sli'etches  out  more  1 1 


SIX  nnle> 


llhou^li   the  tliirl\  I'alhoin  line  is  only  one  and  one-third  miles  fiom  the  point. 


ehaiactcr  ot  the 


)ttom  iiu  this  sli^hi   submarine  ridf^e  outside  of  Point  (iorda  is  dilferent  ti 
that    fiirilier  south  or  north.     The  ten-fathom  curve  is  less  than  half  a  mile  ironi  shore,  wr 

The  tweiilv  fathom   line  is  not  ir 


bott 


om  ol' fiiii' i^rav  sand,  coarse  uiavcl,  and  broken   shell.-^ 


one  mile  from  the  point,  with  a  bottom  of  biokeii  shells,  <.;ravel,  and  sand;  and  on  the 


twenty-two  t'alhoiiis  there  are  a  few  patches  of  kel])  reacl 


out  to  tweiitv  nine  fathoii 


IIIH 

IS,   1.., 


bott( 


I  one  and  one  third   miles  west  by  north  (\V.  by  N.)  Irom  the  point.     The  liiieof  lii 


fathoms  is  less  than  one  and  a  half  miles  olV,  with   bottom  of 


and  broken  shells 


A I 


and  tlircc-(pi.iricrs  miles,  in  1  liirtyli\  c  fathoms,  thebnttom  is  line  j^ravel  and  broken  shells.      l!,i 
liflylathoni  line  is  three  miles  ulV.  over  rocky  and  coarst^  ^rravel  bottom.     The  seventy-fathom  iim 


is  live  and  a  half  miles  olV,  ovei'  buitom  of  ro* 


broken   shel 


iml  small  iiatchos  of  ;;reen 


If  is  thus  seen  that  the  line  ol  j^iecn  mud  is  here  removed  as  far  out  as  seventy  or  eiulilv 
fathoms,  instead  of  forty,  to  the  north  and  south. 

Point  (liinht  Si'hiiKiriiii  Willi  i/. — lnimcdiatel.\  norih  of  this  cape  a  v«'ry  tU'cp  submarine  \;il!r\ 
comes  in  from  the  southwest  by  west  half  west  (SW.  by  W.  .\  AV.),  and  heads  close  undci  !:■ 
shore  three  miles  north  of  Pnint  (iorda,  and  therefore  less  than  a  mile  north  of  the  moii'li  ■  I 
3Iatlole  i;i\er. 

The  head  of  tli;  ;;reat  submarine  valli'y,  at  the  thirty  fathom  line,  is  only  one  third  of  a  inili' 
fi'om   shore  in  lalilnde  -10"  IS."  mirth.     The  oiiehnndied  fathom  line  is  one  and  a  half  mile.^  Moiii 


shon 


d  th 


des  aic  remarkably  steep,  tl 


■hundred  fathom  cnr\t's  comin;'  elo.se  I 


le 


•  ■I'M 


the  thirl\  fathom  line.-i  on  the  north  and  sduth,  where  the  latter  are  oiil.v  oiie-lliird  of  a  iiiili' 
ai)art. 

The  ojiening  of  this  valley,  in  live  hundred  and  twenty  fathoms,  lies  imly  six  miles  .-''iiili 
sixty-two  de.uiecs  west  (>S  til'^  \V.)  from  Point  (iorda,  and  is  therefore  inside  of  thi'  onehuiniinl 
fathom  line  immediately  to  the  southward.  The  barrier  of  coast  mountains  at  the  head  ol  !lll.^ 
valley  is  owr  two  lliiiusaml  feet  hi-h. 

('iipr  Ml  iiilniiti"  Suliiiittriiic  Willti/. —  Petwceii  I'unla  (iorda  and  Cape  Mendocino  lies  a  sirniii 
submarine  \alley.  a  liille  nearer  the  cape.      It   conies  in   fiom  the  west  ward,  but   tloes  not   iinliiil 

Mildred  I'alliom  line,  which  is  onlv  a  third  of  a  iiiiii' 


the  general   tweniy  lalliom   line.     TI 
outside  the  twent\  lixf  fathdin  1 


le  oiieii 


iiie,  IS  just  twdinilcs  i 


iir  1 1 


ire  line,  and  live  miles  souili  liiiiin 


de;;ries  east  (.S,  l.p  |;.)  fViun  Cape  .Meiiilocimi  Li^lil.     The  fiiur  hundred  and  (ifly  fathom 


iili',.l!li:; 


ill  111 

from  the  Li-lit.     This  vallev  i 


eiiliaine  loilic  val'ey  is  only  six  and  .i  half  miles  .south  thirty-three  dejjrees  west  (S.;i:;    W  . 


s  comiiaialively 


biiiad.      Its  north  side  is  formed  bvthethirt.N  1. 


lilateaii  extcmliiii;-  live  miles  from  Cape  .Mendocino.  The  buitom  of  the  valley  is  ^treen  mml 
yet  in  two  places,  at  three  hundred  and  twenty  fallioins,  broken  shells  were  brought  up 
frravel.  liiith  slopes  of  the  valley  are  ureeii  mud  up  to  about  thirty  five  and  thirty  fai! 
wlieii  the  botl.im  is  line  yiay  .sand.  Inside  of  twenty  fathoms  the  bottom  is  coarse  gv.wr 
rock  v. 


lietween  the  two  submarine  valleys  of  Piinla  (lorda  and  Cape  Mendocino  the  rid';e 


c    illi'- 


tifty  fathoms  <iut  to  (diir  and  one  ipiarter  miles  from  shore.     The  bottom  is  f^rceii  mud  oiil.-i-ii  nl 


thirty  five  to  foitv  fat 


lOIII.- 


ith  line  "rav  sand  inside  to  tin'  ten-fathom  line,  which  is  hall' 


from  shore,  and  which,  in  yeueral  term.s,  is  the  outer  limit  of  the  kelp  lying  in  broken  ii. 
along  the  shore. 


«p 


PACIKIC   COAsr    I'lLoT. 


.•ni 


Niirtliwaril  iif  tlii'  Mi'iiddciiin  Suliminiiif  Vallcv  IIm'  iric;;nlai  lioitorn  nil  ('ii|m'  .Mt'iiilociiiK 
sli'i'li  licr*  well  <Mitsi<li>  of  lllllllt's  lit'i'l,  iilitl  is  (IfsciJIiiMl  t'lscw  licic. 

I  III'  (  xislciicc  of  llicsf  }T«'iil  suliiMiii'iiif  viill(\\.s  ;i(l(ls  sciitMis  ililliciillics  tn  tile  stcaiiuTs  woikjii;; 
ijiiM  alcpii;;  sIhuc  in  lliick  aiitl  t'<';;;;,v  wi-alliiT.  Tiic  stcaiiuTs  Ailiif  iiml  SInihiiil,  witc  wrci-kcil 
{ii.l  n.>i:li  III  till-  lii'ad  nt'  t  li(>  roiiit  l)('lt;aila  Siiliiii:  liiir  N'alJi'V.  ami  il  Is  a  nialti  i  of  icroni  that 
;|ir  l.illi'i  ^^as  si'i'Kili;;  to  ^i-t  liolil  of  tlh'  laiiil  to  follow  it,  ami  lr|iiiili'il  soiiimIIiih  jn  ilt't'|i  WiitiT 
wiilioiil  tiiiiliii;:  lio'toiii,  tlicii  suililriilv  I'oiiiiii;:  ii|ion  locKs  ami  sliiUii;;.  'I'lir  riiystiiv  that  liiiii;; 
iiM  1  tins  rase  is  irailil.v  sohcil  wlu'ii  we  follow  tin-  liiir  of  the  \  alii'S,  w  liirli  a  vi'>.si'i  \\oiilil  iialiiiall.v 
ilii  III  atlciiipt  iiij;  to  iivt  liolil  of  llic  Jaiiil  aftrr  liriirv  in;;  slii'  hail  passnl  I'oiiit  I  ii'l;;a(la. 

I  hi'M'  tli'f|i  ^llitlna^illl•  \aili'\s  must  also  i-MTrisc  an  iiilliiriii'i' upon  tin- oi'i'im  fauna  of  the 
II  .;.  11  wlit'it'  Ihr.v  romr  so  riosr  to  the  ••oast-lint';  ami  it  is  (piiti'  likt'ly  that  tlii-.v  liavi'  some 
;i,il  ;.  nri'  upon  tilt'  iiishon'  ctlily  (turicnt. 


CAPE    MENDOCINO. 

I'his  mountainous  liraillaml  is  ;hi' famous  lamlinaik  of  the  ohl  Spanish  iiavi;:atois  anil  tho 
;;;illi'i>iis  fioiii  till'  Iniiirs.  It  foiiiisthi'  wi'stnii  liiiili  ol'thi'  nmlliwi'st  tii'mi  of  tlii' roast  fioni 
I'liii'  IIiVi'S.  it  i,s  nini'tv  lliirr  ami  a  Inilf  Miilrs  nnllli  tlillt>li\t'  ami  a  half  iii';;li'rs  west 
iN.  r>',  U.)  from  I'oint  Airiia  la^hl.  alllioii;:h  llii'  iliint  roiiisi'  is  lilorkril  li,\  I'linia  (ioi'ila. 
I'lipiii  this  capi'  todajic  Maltriv.  at  the  Siiait  of  I'lira,  llir  ;;cm'ial  ticml  ol  tlu' coast  is  north- 
iii'itlmcsl. 

I  II  II'  lilt'  raup'  of  liolil  roiisl  mountains  liom  thr  soul  liwuiil  appears  to  mri't  a  i'aii;;i'  tiom  tin' 
i.i>lvv.iiii.  lovmini:-  riil^t's  of  two  llmusaml  tril  rhvatHUi  wilhin  a  mili  of  thr  roast,  ami  tliii't- 
iImhi'-.iiiiI  li't't  w  ilhin  Inur  mill's. 

fills  filial  piojirtion  is  till' hititnilr  of  mmh  rlimatir  chan^i':  thi' winds  ilo  not  idow  hoiiu' so 
Mnli'iiilv  in  till'  lil;;lit  to  I  hi'  soiithwaid  of  it,  and  ihi'ir  is  no  uiral  wind;:a|i  in  tlic  mountain 
I'.iiiri  lit'iii'i' to  IIiissMii  IliviT  iiml  l!odi';:a  jtav,  i  \rrpt  ovit  tlu'  Trii  Milf  IJivcr  hrarli.  The 
Willi  I  laiiis  dfi'irasi'  ;;ri'atl,\  in  amount  of  pn'ripitation  and  vioh'iiri'  to  tlu'  soiiihwaid  ol  it  ami 
null  iM'  til  till'  noi'thwaul;  ami  it  is  nut  iniproiialiji'  that  the  luoad  i.'oast-runi'Ut  trom  tiit'  mntli 
iii;i\  111'  atli'i'ti'd  liy  it. 

I  111  M'awai'd  fail' of  till' rapi' is  stft'p,  rofk.v,  and  watri-woiii  towaids  tin'  shori'-liiir;  aliovi' 
III!  I  i-hthonsc  till'  ;;t'iii'ial  appi'ai'anri'  is  lolliii;:  and  ;,'iass  fovt'i't'd  i'Xi'r|it  in  tin'  dt'i'p  laviui's  and 
ii| -iiiin'  of  111!'  stt'i'p  liillsidi's  wlu'ii'  tilt'  mil  thrill  t'xposiiit'  is  rovtit'il  w     li  loii'st  oilnush. 

rill'  ;;ri'at  ('apt'  |{id;;i'  stlt'tclirs  tioiii  tin-  rape  with  i'lil'\  in;;  fii'st  lim-  almul  llnri'  mi  Irs  to  thi' 
i;i>i  iii'ithi'ast,  and  attains  an  rh'vatioii  of  thirti'iii  humlird  and  siNlv  fi'i't :  and  llir;;irat  iiir;:iilar 
iiil-i  liiim  till' fast  soiithi'ast  comt's  from  an  ilt'vatioii  of  twi'iit.vtwo  liuiKlM.'d  anil  forty  fot't  ti> 
villi  :i  a  half  mill'  of  thf  south   sidr  of  thi'  rapi'. 

Inr  I'iuht  mill's  tlu'  slnui'  to  thr  nortiiw  aid  of  thi'  ra]»i>  runs  almost  I'xai'tly  north,  only  partly 
liiulvi  II  li.\  <'apt'  Forliinas  or  I''alsi' ('apt'.  To  thi' sniillirast  thi' hiyli,  Imld  sliori's  iiiii  lor  six  milt's 
ami  liii'ii  lit-ml  outward  for  live  inilt's  to  I'liiila  (lonla.  Half  a  niilr  I'astsoiitht'ast  from  tlii>  point 
111  till-  lapi'  a  small  strt'am.  isswiuy;  from  lu'twi't'ii  tin'  two  urcat  liducs  form  in;;' thi'  ra]ii',  opt'iis  at 
ilii  iimlli  t'lid  of  a  liroati  sandy  Irvt'l,  known  as  Sinuli'\*s  I'lat,  wliirli  is  ovt'r  oin'  ipiartrr  of  a  milt' 
Willi'  and  runs  for  out'  milt'  to  tlii'  soiitlit'ast  aloii;;  tin'  hasi'  of  tin-  coast  lidiic.  This  tiat  is  liordt'i't'tl 
!i\  a  inoad  sand  buacli  at  low  water,  but  is  Just  as  well  friii;;i'd  with  rocks  ami  breaks  as  the 
I'lirkii'i  >  111  ires. 

lilt'  well  marked  and  regularly  shajied  haystack  rock  immedialely  oil  the  pitch  of  the  cape, 
iiiiil  Ltiiiwii  as  the  Sinjar  Loaf,  is  a  ii'adily  ilis|jii;;nislied  feature  in  approacliin;;  the  cape  fidiii 
■ill  iliiirliiiiis  seaward.  As  seen  from  (he  southwist  il  shows  a  cave  on  its  southwest  face  extend- 
ill,:;  iipu.iids  nearly  one  third  the  lieij;lit  of  llie  rock.  This  ;;rcat  rock  is  lliree  liiimlied  and 
iliiii>  one  feet  above  thi'  '^•'a  ami  bears  south  lifl\  ei;;hi  de;;recs  west  (S.  ."»SJ  W.)  six  hundred  aiitl 
fi:iv  y.irils  Iroin  the  l,i;;lit  house.  It  is  nearly  loiiiid,  its  loii;;er  axis  being  two  hundred  ami 
-1  w  ni\  yards,  and  itssliorter  axis  two  hundi'ed  and  twenty  yards.  The  distance  between  it  ami  the 
•  ipr  i>  only  two  liiindred  ami  forty  yards  and  this  space  is  tilled  by  a  liar  of  great  roeks  bare  at 
i""  "Her.  In  ISTl.' theie  was  a  heavy  line  of  sand  and  shin-le  among  these  rocks,  eoiiiiecling 
ilic  I  ipe  with  the  islet  ami  passable  on  loot  at  low  tide,  but  the  laee  of  the  islet  was  too  steep  for 

.I.MTIll. 

\  issi'ls  out  of  their  reekoningand  makiiigthis  rock  in  a  lug  may  readily  distinguish  it  from  the 
111;;.  iiK-ky  islet  olV  Cape  Forliuuis,  or  False  (Juiie.     The  latter  is  two  Imudretl  autl  aixteeu  t'fct 


*l      I 


I . ..  } 


« 


X 


4^  ,1 


II 


I! 


,'U2  rAciric  coast  i'ilot. 

liij:li,  or  iiUoiit  twii  fliinis  tin'  Iicifjlit  of  tlic  Ibrmcr.  iitiil  is  iiof  ■^o  ro;:iil;irl.v  sliii|M't1.  Fioin  the 
Hiiiiiliwcsi  III)'  I'oiliiiMN  K'oi'k  sliows  \\\.  iiitlilVt'i'i'iilly  iiiaiknl  \v||j|(>  ami  iiaiiow  Inps,  lijiviii;;  I'iimii 
Hint  <lin'('tiiiii  only  altKiit  iiiiftliii'il  tlif  ill  MM'tiT  ol'ilic  Slum  Loiil',  I'loiii  tin-  wrsl  or  iioithwi-i 
tlic  Fortiiiiiis  Itork  shows  two  oilier  liir^rc  iiit'kM,  iiiiict.v  iiiiil  forty  six  tVt't  liiuli.  iiniiirdjati'l.v  in.-ih 
of  it,  wliciiMs  till'  Sii^iiii'  Loal'staiiils  solitary  ami  roiiiiKUit.  Forini'ily  tin- Sii^'ar  l.oaf  «as  son,, 
tinu's  known  as  llir  llaystark. 

Ihuii/i  IS. —  jli'siiit's  other  cliaiai'trristirs,  ('a]>i'  Mrmlorino  is  iioli>il  for  lia\  in;;  a  .small  Iml  \  n  , 
«liiii;;i'rous  liil^i',  liari'  at  all  lidi's,  lyiii;:  two  ami  tlirci' i|uarl<'rs  unit's  liioail  olVil,anil  knovMi  i~ 
lUiiiirs  Itiit'.'  It  ron>isls  of  two  lilark  loi-ks,  two  liiiiiilri'ii  ami  thirty  yarils  apart  with  liKnii 
f.itlioms  ot  wall  r  hi'lwi'i'ii  tlii'iii  ami  a  lii'avy  liri'aki'r  upon  I'arli.  Tlir  lary;rr  ami  oiilrr  liii'aKi  i 
lii'ais  soiilli  ri;;lily  oiir  I'liil  a  half  ilr;;i'i'rs  wi'sl  (S.  Sl.\  W.)  two  ami  si'\i'ii  (■iy:h|lis  riiiirs  Inun  ihc 
I,i;,'li'  lioiisi'  on  till'  iipr :  till'  siiialli'i'.  a  short  ilisiani'i'  to  ilic  northi'ast,  lirars  soiilli  t'i;;lil>  tin.  r 
ili';;li'rs  wi'sl  (S.  S:l     \V.)  two  ami    (ivr  sixths  mill's  from  Ihr  l-i;;lit. 

'I'his  ii'i'f  was  noliri'il  li.\   X'aiii'onvrr  as  hrili;;  alioiil  oni'  h'a;;ilr  oil'  slioii'.     (\'ol.  1.  pa;;i'  llis.i 

I'm  iiian,\  y.ws  tin'  passauo  iK'twccn  tli«'  reef  ami  tln'capr  was  ^.Tiirrally  ns    I  liy  ilir  I'n.i^i 
h\ji  sti-aiiirrs  ami  Iniiilur  \rssi'ls.  Iiiit  the  examinations  of  lS7(t  anil  IS"L!  have  shown  the  pasv.i::!' 
to  Ite  a  vi'iy  ilan^eroiis  loeality.  ami  the  iiisiiraiiee  eompanies  will  not  iinilerwrite  vessels  ii>iiiM  n 

I'lelwi'i'ii  the  leefaml  the  rape  the  ili'pth  of  water  ian;;es  from  nine  to  se\eii|i'en  fathoms  in  ii 
foal  Itottoiii,  allhoii;:li  to  the  north  ami  south  the  liottom  is  line  sami,  mini,  ami  ;;ravel. 

\\  liisllinii  liiiiiji  ii(t'  Hhiiit's  1,'iit'.-  .\  jir.sf  cliiss  irliistliiiii  /(»(ii/.  painteil  with  lilaek  ami  wjiiir 
lierpemlieiilar  ^tripes,  has  Ihtii  plaeeil  ( 1SS,">)  olV  Itlmirs  llerf  in  twenty-live  fathoms  nf  water  c.\  •  i 
riiek,\  holloiii.  It  is  situated  four  lift  lis  of  a  mile  south  i'i;;lit,\  one  ile;;M'i's  west  (m-arlv  \\.\>\  >. 
outside  Hliiiit's  Keef,  on  tlie  ran^^e  of  the  south  roek  of  the  reef  and  Cape  .Memloeino  I.i;;lil. 

The  str;Mi;;th  of  the  sound  depends  upon  the  ion;;hiiess  iif  the  sea.     Ill  oiiliiiary  smootli  wain 
the  siiiind  ean   l>e  lieaiil    at   a  divtaiire  of  a   tiide:    in   a   liea\'y  sea    iniieh    larlher,  but   ilepi'iidiiiL: 
hir;:ely  upon  ihe  direilioii  of  Ih.'  w  iml.     The   Idasts  are  less  than  half  a  .seeonil  loiijj,  ami  tlair 
■may  lie  from  twi'iit,\  to  ihiity  per  minute. 

From  the  lino\  wf  li.ive  the  follow  in;;  lieaiin;;s  and  distances  to  important  |ioiiits: 

\\lusaiiij:iliiny  i.il   IIiiiiiI'mUIi   liar N.  11  K.  -J-J      niilr.s. 

Ciilii'  MiiiiliK  ino  l,i;;iil  Ih'iiM' N.  -1  K.  ;!|",,  niili'H. 

'I'll.' deal  Itriali,  Minlti  111  I'.liiiil'-i  Kill' .s.  .". .  K.  !,'„  mili-H. 

l.'iiilv  .111    I'liiila  ll.inla   S.   II  i;.  Ill      iiiilen. 

Ihiii'ii  rs. —  In  l,S7it,  while  we  weie  determinin;,-  the  laliliide  and  loii;;itiide  of  the  Ia;;htlionM', 
thi'ie  iieiiini'il  ipiite  a  low  tide  with  a  \eiy  lar;:e  swell  from  the  west  iiort  liwest  wilhonl  any  win.!. 
ruder  lliese  i  iiiiimslaiiees  we  ohlained  the  liiieetion  of  s,  rrii  liraihn,  and  approximately  lor:r:.,| 
their  ili>tan(e  In  the  w  inter  oT  l.STi'-"?.!,  after  t  lie  liMlro;;iaphie  sni  \ey,  ilimn;;'  a  special  w  ii'li 
iif  one  nioiitl.".-.  dniatinn.  in  wliiili  lime  there  oiciiried  .several  southerly  j;ales  with  heav,\  siuiili- 
west  swell,  an  e\|ierieiieei  oliseiver  delected  otlnr  lueaks.  ami  also  saw  the  water  lueak  in  tun 
localities  where,  alter  an  especiall\  close  search,  Ihe  siii\ey  had  developeil  iiotliiii;;  less  than  iiiiir 
fathoms  o|  walei.      TheM'  Were  nut  lireaks  iiu  siu;;lc  rocks.  Iiiit  lueaks  over  moderately  lar;;e  ani^. 

.\11  tlnse  iiaii;;ers  have  liicn  located  w  itli  precision  i  IS72-'7."i),  and  the  whole  vicinit\  iIimi- 
iiii;:lily  sounded  fioin  the  deeper  water  to  within  the  ten  latliom  line,  and  in  lar;;e  iiieasiire  to  ilie 
live  and  six  t'atliom  lines.  Outside  of  IJlnnt's  l!eef  the  sonndiii;;s  were  carried  to  the  t\Voiit\  li^c 
and  thirty  fathom  lines. 

These  ilaii^;eiiius  rucks.  alio\i'  water,  awash,  and  sunken,  are  as  follows: 

Thf  Itiril'n  (hill  li'iicL. —  Tills  is  a  low.  )(yraniidal  roek,  twenty  feel  lii;;h  and  twenty  yariN  in 
extent,  w  itii  a  smaller  rock  close  under  Ihe  northwest  side,  h'or  I  wo  hundred  yards  to  Ihe  w^l 
lis  inirlli  \\V.  Ii\  N.)  from  it  Iheie  runs  a  line  of  sunken  rocks  upon  which  the  sea  lueaks  in  null 
nary  swell.  Tlie  main  roek  lies  half  a  mile  olf  shore,  two  and  two  thirds  miles  south  thirty  ci-M 
ami  a  half  ile;;ices  cast  (S.  :',S.\  K.)  from  the  Sii;,'ar  Loaf  oil'  the  cape,  amf  soiilli  thirty  ami  a  I'  dl 
lie;; reis  cast  (S.  .io.]^  V..}  two  and  two  thirds  miles  from  the  Li;ilit  lioiise. 

As  alieady  staled,  tlnie  is  a  miniher  of  rocks  inside  the  Devil's  ( iate  liock  iimler  the  >li'  i> . 
and  .some  stretch  six  Inindreil  ,\ard.s  from  the  shore.  They  arc  so  uuiacruus  thai  they  can  m  '  '"• 
desci  ilicd  in  dclail. 

"Naiiiiil  "  lihinrn  llijik-. ''  lij  llif  ('lla^I  .Sim  viy  in  l-.'iO  alltr  (.'apt.  ISimoii  liltint,  U.  S.  Navy. 


I'ACII'Il'   COAHT    l'IM»T. 


818 


Sliiim  hont  Ri>rl-  is  ii  1iirp>  anil  iiKticciiMt'  iiM-k  l.\iiiK  "i'*  lniinlitil  viinls  idV  the  slmiv  unil  one 
mill  i>iii-'hair  iiiiirs  siiiitli  twi'iit.v  llirt'f  il '^rcrN  «-itsl  (S.  L'.>  '  I',.)  Iriiin  the  M;;lil  limisf.  Il  is  itiic 
IiimkIkiI  vaiils  Ion;;,  vast  and  wi'st,  li.v  lllt,\  live  \ai'il.s  Inoail,  ami  iI.m's  in  a  low  |i\raniiil  in  tli<« 
iiiiililli',  wlu'ii'  it  IN  lorlv  six  I'cft  aliovf  tlit>  Nca,  with  cat'li  cimI  .nli^litl.v  raisiil.  'I'lic  Inwir  |iat'l  is 
III  M  k  .111(1  the  npiM'i'  part  wliiti-.  'I'lic  appi-aranci' iil'  this  loik  is  vnv  nmrli  like  a  sicani  boat, 
will,  Ion;;,  low,  Mack  linll  and  wliilisli  upper  wotks,  imd  hcn<'<>  its  nana'. 

Ili'twccti  Di-vH's  (iatc  Itoi'k  and  Stfain-lioal  K'ock  lie  v*t,v  many  rocks,  atxivc  and  iiclow  wator, 


llnl  I'V 


Icndiii;:'  as  tar  as  tliicc  linndrcil  and  Isvcntv  vaids  olV  slmriv 


I'ln  (hill)  ItiKil;. — 'I'liis  is  named  IVoni  its  iflalioii  to  tlic  Steam  lioal  itock.  Il  is  the  nnteronii 
til  i,.iii  sunken  rocks  l.vin;;  lu-arl.v  half  a  mile  Hoiilhwest  liy  south  (S\V.  lis  S.)  IVoni  Steam  iKtat 
l.'iirlv  .mil  tliiee  ijuarlers  of  a  mile  broad  otV  shore.  The  inner  ruck  o|'  the  lour  i.>  hall' way  to 
Sii'.iiti  lioiit  Kock.  The  ontcr  one  lies  south  ten  and  a  hall'  de;;rees  east  (.S,  loA  '  !').)  one  and  lour- 
.|||'ili>  miles  rroin  the  l.i;;lit  house.  It  breaks  eoiitinuallv.  Souiiiliii;;s  at  ei^^liicen  I'.il lioms  aie  laitl 
iJ.i'Aii  two  lillhs  of  a  mile  seaward,  bill  niaie  closer.     These  rocks  are  not  inaiked  by  kelp. 

I'lit'  S'oftlirrni'f*  or  Tiro/iitlnon  Itovh  is  the  highest  jioinl  of  a  sinil.in  l(iiijru\'  se\eiiteen  anil 
(•i;;liii'cn  feel  of  water  lyiii;;  .south  six  and  a  half  de;riecs  west   (S.  (il  '   \V.),oiic  and  twolil'tlis 
niilis  t'lom  the  l.i;;ht  house  and   tour  liftlis  of  a  mile  oil   shore.      Il  is  on  Ihi'onter  ed;.'e  of  the  ten 
t.iiliiiiii  curve,  with  lieplhs  of  nine  to  Ihirleen  fallioins  close  around  it.     Thcic  is  no  kelp  m|ioii  it. 

Inside  llicTwoliillioiii  Kuck,  and  three  huiidredaiid  tliirlN  yards  loWiirds  the  l,i;;lil-lioiise,  lies 
;i /lo./i  fdik  (tirnsli  at  lii;;li  water.  Il  beats, south  I'lmr  and  a  half  de;;iecs  wisi  (S.  1 1,  W  iniieaiid 
niii'  ii'iiih  miles  liom  the  Ia;;hl'house  and  is  six  liiindied  and  twenty  y.irds  olV  shore,  wiili  visiliU) 
liii'Ks  inside  of  it. 

.•^till  nearer  the  Iay;l(t -house,  and  bearin;;  directly  south,  one  mile  Innii  il,  is  one  of  lltiir  nicLs 
itirimh  lit  loir  iriilc>\ 

The  Siriii/iil  /i'"i7,-  is  the  middle  one  of  three  simhrii  rmhs.  of  wliicli  tlie  outer  one  lies  south 
nil  III  \  sixde;;rees  west  (S.  LMP  W.)  one  mile  Irmii  the  l,l;;litliiillse.  Tlie.Se\en  feel  Kock  lies  about 
M'\iiil\  li\(' yards  noiiheast  (M'.)  from  the  oiiler  one,  with  four  fatliniiis  between  llieiii:  ami  the 
iiiiiii  Kick  is  Iwo  limidrcd  and  IwciiI.n  yaids  north  seveiityl^o  dc;;rces  east  (.\.  Ti.'  '  K.)  from  Iho 


ilir  one.  with  six  falhonis  between  it  and  the  Se\eii  fed   Kock. 

The  outer  rock  exhibits  the  '■aiiic  ]iecnliaiity  as  the  l''aniillero\    liock  in  its  breakin 


a  sharp 


luiMkcr  '.'.  nil  the  spray 


(lin;;  strai;;lit   uiiwaid.     SlilV.  bluck  sea  ;;rass,  or  short    kelp.  ;;rowin 


nil  tlie  lop  of  the  iiiiu'i'  rock  has  been  seen  in  a  heavy  swell.     No  kelp  iiiaiks  llicse  rocks. 

/'/((■  Fiinntlifnii  L'luh. — This  is  a  moiAch /"(//h/k/ nic/,' 1\  in;;  nearly  in  mid-channel  between  the 
iijir  and  rdiinl's  Ueef,  but  threeipiarters  of  a  mile  south  of  the  line  joinin;;  Ihciii.  I''riim  the. 
I.iulil  house  It  bears  south  fifty  two  ami  a  half  dcy:recs  west  (S.  oi'A  WW  distant  one  and  two  thirds 
iiiiiis.  It  has  only  six  feet  of  watei'  upon  it;  close  alon;^siile  of  il  arc  niue  and  ten  fathoms  of 
«.iici,  deepi-ninK:  rapidly  to  lift  ecu  fathoms.  The  rany;es  for  iioiiii;;-  iliisdan;;er  arc  the  I. i.u  lit  house 
iivrr  liie  middle  of  the  scnithci  n  slope  of  the  Si(;;ar  I/>af,  half  wiiy  bet  ween  summit  and  base,  and 
till' |iiiliil  of  land  at  Cenlieville  showiuy;  lialf-wny  between  the  extieiiiily  of  I'alse  ('a|ie  and  the 
iir.ihsl  and  smallest  of  the  lluec  rocks  l\in^'  immediately  otV  il.  The  outer  eil;;(' of  the  woods 
ii|Hiii  ilie  point  of  land  at  Cenlreville  is  in  i;in;:e  with  the  extrcmitv  of  False  ("a|ie. 

I  he  "  point  of  land  at   Cenlreville"  here  lefcricd   to  is  the  noillicrn  (  niity  o(  the  lii;;li. 

Iiliilf  sliorc-linc,  lour  and  a  half  miles  to  the  northuard  of  I'al.se  Cape,  near  which  is  located  llie 
limii  (if  Cenlreville. 

Ilic  sea  Ncry  seldom  breaks  upon  the  I'.iuntleroy  Kock  even  when  all  the  oliiers  exhibit 
!iiiMk>.  When  il  does,  the  bleak  is  (piite  sharp  and  well  dclincd.  and  the  while  water  shoots 
>Ii.n.;lit  njiward. 

Iliis  rock  was  not  found  in  the  siirvev  of  I.STL',  but  the  break  uikui  it  was  seen  ami  ditermineil 


li\  ilic  observer  stati(nie(l  on  shore  diirin^t  the  jirev 


ilciice  ol  w 


inter  sliniiis  in  the  followin;:  iiuuith 


111  Itcccmber,     In   1S7.">  it   was  soiimlcd  upon  when  the  top  of  the   lock   was  plainly  visible  and 
.i|ilii.ire(l  to  be  alKuit  two  w  three  feet  in  diameter.     There  is  no  kelp  upon  or  aronnd  it. 

W'e  believe  this  is  the  rock  which  was  liist  dislinetly  seen  under  the  wheel  of  the  steamshi|) 
I  '■iiimitilorc  \\\  IS."i7  as  she  was  jtassiii;;  lhiduj;h  the  channel,  when  its  location  was  only  approxi- 
iiiaiily  ascertained.     The  lirst  direct    informal ieii  that  such  dan;;('r  existed  was  doubted  by  most 

sill 


-V..,/;„ 


iiiasters,  and  on  acconnl  of  the.  ('onstant   disregard  of  this  reported  dan;;er  the  steamer 


imi-  was  l().st  up(Mi  another  of  the  sunken  rocks  in  ISiiO. 


'  tjc'u  (lugu  315. 


It+'J' 


n 


'1  * » 


iilii! 


PACIFIC   COAST    I'll.oT. 


315 


Tiri' HrriihH,  MuVwMiwn  HiiiiUni  rocks,  iiio  nImiwii  mi  lli*>  cliint  jiisf  oii  tin-  tt-ii  rallntiii  lino. 
Tim  Kilter  Mill-  is  liMilli  ri;;lil\  line  tl(';;iccs  wi'sl  (N.  SI  '  W.)  altliost  olir  inilr  rnilii  llie  l,l;;ilt  llnll^f. 
|l  li.iN  tell  iilltl  tliirt'  i|iiarli'is  lalliniiis  cliisc  In  its  |iiisiliiiii.  'I'lir  iniii'l'  lurak  lies  mir  liilliillril  aiiil 
>l\t,V  .Minis  to  till'  lioltllt'ilst  (Ml.)  nl'  lllf  I'ol'llllT.       Itolll  are  sliatp  ami  well  tielilieil  lueaUs. 

Tiro  l.iiir  AVicA/*  aliovi'  uater.  t'oily  and  nInI.v  yiinis  in  e\teiit,  lieres|>fitj\el\  innili  of  tlicTwin 
Kim  ks  aail  Sliaip  Jliiek  li\e  liiimlreil  ami  se\eiit,\  live  ami  nI\  liuiiilreil  ainl  liutv  ,\  aiils  ilislanl. 
Till'  iillliT  one  is  llilee  <|iiai  teis  of  a  mile  tiiirtli  liflv  ei;^lit  (le;;iee>  \ve>t  ( N.  ■">>-'  W.)  I'loiu  the 
I    Jit  Immini'  ami  the  inner  one  is  hall'  wav  Inwanls  the  shore. 

I'hi'  Tirt  nil/ liio  I)  1 1  />'m  I//,  lies  mirth  of  the  miil  thannel  one  ami  tliiee  lil'ihs  inilr.s  IVoiii  the 
I  ulit  house,  anil  hears  in  nth  sixty  six  (le;;iees  \ve>t  (N.  iKi  '  W.)  Iinin  il.  1 1  is  the  iiiuinst  pnint  oC 
.1  huiiletl  leil;.'e  lia\  In;;  IVoiii  seven  to  niti<>  fatlioiiis  ii|iiiii  It  ami  tweUe  to  I'liiiileeii  l.itlioiiis  aroiiml 
it.  I'lie  loealit.v  has  \ei,\  liiokeii  Imttoiii.  The  slioalest  water  I'oiiml,  three  ami  Ihiee  i|iiai'ters 
l.iihiijiis,  is  nearly  on  the  raii;^e  of  Shaiji  l.'oek  ami  the  l,i;;lit  hoii'.e  ami  one  mile  fioiii  the  foniier, 
\\.\\i  Steam  lioal  I'oek  ojieii  a  I  milt  oiiehalf  Its  li'n;:th  oiitsiile  of  ( )|f  K'liek.  T'l)  a\oii|  it,  keep  the 
|Miiiit  of  lami  at  <'enlre\ille  well  shut  in  to  the  eastwanl  of  the  hl;;h  rmk  otV  Cape  I'ortiinas  or 
I'aJM'  tape. 

Till'  i'niir  llnnliS. — M'ter  the  iliM'ovei'N  of  the  '•  Twenty  two-feet  llreak."  in  the  siiiNcy  of  ISTl.', 
till'  iiliserver  ^ta!iolll■ll  at  the  cape  in  the  follow  in;;  I  (eeemlier  to  walili  I'm  other  Ineaks  saw  ami 
ill  !i  I  Miiiieil  the  positions  of  //i»c /o'M(/,,s  ill  the  imineiliale  \  ieiniis  ol'  the  same.  TIii'm-  were  lary;!! 
Jill!  heavy,  ri'seinlilin;,'  ;;iomiil  lireakers.  T'lie  swell  was  lai  ye  ainl  hni;;  fiuiii  the  west  wanl,  ami 
limke  also  ocea.  ionally  on  the  nine  latliom  palehes  in  iiiiil  ehaiiiiel  lietweeii  I'lliiiit's  lleef  ami  the 
\i-iMe  rocks  iiishoie.  l''i'oiii  the  I,i;;ht  house  these  loiir  lircaks  lie  lietweciithe  lieariii;;.s  north 
>ixl\  Ihl'ct'  ilc;;rees  west  fV.  til"'  \V.)  ami  linlth  seventy  seven  tie;; rccs  west  (\.  77  W.),  at  one 
aiiil  three  fi;;litlis  to  one  ami  li\C'ei;;htlis  miles  ilistance.  The  soiimliii;:s  in  tlii>  liiniteil  area 
i;iii;;i' from  lifiecii  ami  three  i|nartcrs  tose\eii  ami  three  i|iiarti'is  t'.ilhnins  ineia  liiittiim  of  lock 
Willi  liiowii  coral,  tine  ;;ray  sainl,  ami  ^;ia\el.  TTiesc  lirc.iks  arc  cli»c  to  ilecp  soiiiiilin;:s,  iml  no 
r\. I II I  mat  ion  has  liccti  niaile  to  tiet  ermine  the  ileptli  of  water  upon  i  hem.  There  arc  heavy  yroiiinl 
lin.iki'is  ill  this  locality  even  where  the  ticplh  of  water  reaches  nine  fathoiiis, 

Tlir  XorllicriK  r  liml;. — On  the  .">th  .lamiar.v,  isild,  the  steam  shi|i  Xtntln  nit  r,  iiniler  theeoiii- 
iii.iiiil  of  one  of  the  most  expeiieiiceil  captains  on  the  iiorthwe  c<mi>t,  sli  ink  iipnii  a  sunken  rocl; 
.il  II  lilt  two  miles  south  waul  of  Cape  Memlociiio.  At  the  time  she  v.as  iimlcr  lull  stcain  with  all  sail 
-I'l,  ;;iiiii;;  twchc  knots  lu'fore  a  soiitheastci' ami  a  lir^e  swell.  As  her  how  sank  in  the  troii;;li 
I'l'llic  sea  a  \ciy  sli;;lit  Jar  was  felt  foiwanl  ami  the  liottom  ;;iate(l  over  the  locks.  This  excitcil 
iiii.ilariii  atioiii;;  the  passcii;;ers,  luit  the  pniiips  amic  immediately  soii'iilcil  ami  the  ship  foiiml  to 
l«  making;  water  very  fast.  She  was  lieaileil  for  IliimlioMt,  passed  Cape  .Memlocino  iiiakiii;;  oiio 
null  III  water  per  minute  w  ith  six  pumps  at  work,  ami  was  licachcd  three  and  a  half  miles  north- 
«aiil  of  Cape  I'"orlnnas,  where  shoal  water  ami  iiiieM'ii  liottoni  in  iid;;cs  extends  out  fur  a  ipiaitcr 
da  mile.  She  went  to  pieces  dm  in;;  the  iii;;lit  in  a  heavy  southwest  Mow  and  many  other 
|i.isscii;;crs,  olliccrs,  and  men  were  lost. 

I''ioiii  ail  examination  of  all  the  «'ii('iimstam'cs  of  this  w  reck  ami  the  inlormation  we  now  ha\c 
111' ilie  dan;;ers  oil'  Cap4'  .Mendocino,  we  arc  convinced  the  .ViD'/An/K/- struck  on  the  Twotathotii 
l.'iirk  l,\  in;;  oiie  and  I  wo  tifths  miles  south  six  and  a  half  dc;;rces  west  i  S.  tU  \V.)  from  the  la;;lit- 
li<iii->i',  and  four  tilths  of  a  mile  hroad  oil' Sin;;lc>"s  I'Mat.     (Sie  pa;;e  ;{l'>.) 

Ill  iii-i/  (hep  initn-  lilt  iihs  ill  southeast  ;;alcs  with  lai;;e  swell  were  seen  ovi'i' those  areas  west 
.iml  iiiirthwest  of  the  cape  that  lia\e  less  than  ten  fathoms  upon  them,  and  also,  as  mentioned 
iliovc,  on  the  broken  ;;roiiiid  two  miles  south  sc\enl.\  sex  I'li  dci;ri'cs  west  iS.  77  W .)  from  the 
l.i;;lit  house.  T'lieie  appeals  no  doiilit  whatever  of  this  extraonlinary  lin'akiii;;  liccause  it  was 
-ri'ii  on  two  or  three  occasions  when   tlio  Wi-sterly  swi-ll  was  veiy  Ion;;  ami  vi'iy  heavy,  and  the 

lull'  low. 


If      f  1 


8JIL1NO  DIUKCTIONS  1  nU  CAl'i;  Mi:M>itCIN(). 

Ill  view  of  the  daii;;«'rs  already  desciilied,  waiiiiu;;s  have  lieen  ;;iven  to  iiavi;;ators  to  avoid 
tlic  passa;;e  lietwceii  Uliinl's  l!cef  and  the  cape,  and  the  iiisiiraiice  coiii|)anies  of  San  I'^ramisco 
have  icfii.sed  to  t;rant  insurance  to  \es.sels  iisiii;;'  the  passa;';e.  Ncvci  thcless  there  may  arise  occa- 
sH'iis  when  a  ves.sel  is  compelled  to  make  the  passa;;c.  If  she  has  the  Coast  Siii'cey  chart 
lit  Cape  Mendocino  and  I'diint's  IJ-  'f  she  can  choose  her  own  course  ami  lie  ;;ovcrncd  l>y  the 
I'UiiigeiK.iesof  the  case.    A  rule  foil    ved  l»y  one  of  the  most  experienced  pilots  on  the  coast, 


■fiik 


;•  i 


316 


rAciKic  roAsr  imlot. 


whoii  poinRiitH-tliwai'd  against  tlic  licavy  iioitliwcst  winds  and  swidl,  is  \o  kcrp  (nic  lialf  mile,  ;ni<l 
ii()tliin<;  It'i^-i,  (uitsidc  of  all  loi'ks,  visililo  and  a«asli,  tVoni  Devil's  (iaic  IJock  noiiliward  niiiii 
Sliai|)  Ivoi'k  is  on  willi  Ilic  l,i;;lit  Imusc,  and  IIumici'  a  I'lmisi'  mutii  l>v  west  (N.  Iiv  V. .).  iioiliin;,'  i.. 
the  oastuaid,  will  flcai' llic  danj;t'i's  nlV  Cape  P'ortniias  oi  I'alse  Cape.  That  eonise  around  il 
cape  will  follow  the  treiuliiij;s  of  the  shore  line  at  one  mile  distance.  .\  \cssid  passinj;  inside  >.: 
lilunt'.s  Keef,  fioin  one  half  to  oin'  mile  distant  therefrom,  will  ]iass  ;liron;;li  the  mile  wide  pass,ii;i 
belwet'n  the  Ten  feet  lioekand  the  I"annller(>y  Kock.  The  one  diltiiiillv  in  makin:,' simli  a  passa;;i- 
is  in  estinialiny;  distauees;  an  eiror  of  jmljjment  in  sncli  estimates  iiia,\  place  the  \essel  ji, 
jeopardy. 

Passin;;  to  the  outside  of  riliint's  !Jeef,  and  from  the  southward,  vessels  should  ha\  e  il  hear 
iiijitothi'  easlwaid  of  noiih  when  a  little  o\('r  a  mile  di.-^laiit  lo  eleai  the  "Ciial  I'.reak,"  ainl 
pass  the  reef  in  safety  at  a  i|ii.iriei'  of  a  mih>  distance  to  the  eastwartl. 

It  seems  praciieahle  to  aid  the  smaller  coaslin;;  steamers  that  are  working  to  the  mirlhwahl 
aji.liiist  the  heavy  northwest  winds  and  swell  prexailiiij,'  in  summer  h\  placing;  two  oi  thiee  lai;;.' 
t'hannelliuoys  in   the  faiiway  of  the  channel  inside  of  llluirt's  Keef. 

There  is  no  safe  aiiclniiaf;e  umh  r  Cape  Mcnddiino  ;  ilinint;  the  liMlrourapiiic  sui\c\  t|  r 
steamer  anchored  oil  t!ic  moulh  of  Hear  \l\\rr  w'icie  the  hollom  is  uiiiform  and  sanil\  wiih 
patches  ot'  lirowu  cl,i\,.iihl  there  is  am|ile  room  for  jicltiMj;  unilci  \\a.\.  .\I  one  mile  from  llir 
shore  the  deptii  is  ei;;lit  tathoms.avnl  at  half  a  mile  six  fathoms.  Tlie  allcmpi  to  anchor  nmhr 
the  cape  was  alieiidcil  with  peril;  and  when  the  l,i;;lit  house  was  lieiiij;  !mill  Ilic  nialeri.il  w.c 
landcil  on  the  lillle  sand  lieacli  just  under  the  cape  after  niiu'h  delay  and  al  ^rcat  il>U. 

77(C  Siiiiiiiliiiiis  oiit.siili  11/  Uliiiit's  /.'<(/' are  irreunlai'  to  tliirl.\  fathoms,  which  depth  is  IiiiuhI 
aliiiut  t\>o  miles  to  the  westward.  Twenty  fathoms  of  water  is  found  half  a  mile  oiitsiile  iln 
reef,  1)11 1  a  thirteen  fathom  lump  lies  one  ami  one  ipiarter  miles  from  the  soutliwcstcni  rock  n| 
rdunt's  Keef  hetwceii  the  liearinj;s  north  sixty-live  dcj^rees  west  (1'.  (i."i  W.)  and  imrth  ei.;;li:\ 
deforces  west  (N.  SiC  \\ .)  iVom  it. 

DujiMii  StiitniliiKjs.  A  short  line  of  deep  sea  soundin;',s  was  run  li,\  tin'  I".  S.  steamer  '/V.m.i 
»'«)■((  on  the  .'idtli  and  olst  «if  Oetolier,  1S7.'!.  These  souudilius  indicate  the  existiaice  of  suhmaiiiir 
imwintains  even  at  jrreat  depths. 


ni>»hiiM'iMunt  liiiiritii;  1       I>t'itth 

flHllI  C)|M.  Mi'liilo<  llln.      (t'.ltlit)l1i^l 


:  S    -.'  K 

U  S,        ;  W 

111  s  ;:;  W 

i:  .-■    -  w 

III  S   LM  w 

1.-.  S  47  W 

■J-,  S  I-.';  W 

111  S  i;:i  w 

■1;  S  r«  \V 

«:.  S,  5T  w 

fc>  s.  sin  w  , 


'••'"""''      l-">l-llll'll     ll  lllllhll.ill.  i 


Cliainit.  I' Ml'  lu.llii 


■Jll 

i-i   ■ji;     1 

\:c, 

I'l 

,.■.   .s     1 

■'U 

1." 

1 . 1   .10     1 

r.m 

n; 

1  a    :iii 

7:ii 

I'.i 

r.a    .•"-' 

Tin: 

:'i 

i-'i    a 

1,1  i;i-. 

■.'; 

1  1    M 

-.'1 

'.r.'.i 

•ji 

1 
1 .','.    :■> 

i,.-.i;t 

n 

U.-i     II 

2.  2Ki 

u> 

1  n 

i.'ii    ij     1 

1  S..,.l.,.  ivu 


IIlll.l,^l,U    K.lll.l. 

\"«'l>  li.iiil.  j;l.i\  'ami 
11. ml.  ut.i>  M.iini. 
II.. 

Nil  ..pfl  illll  M. 
1il.l_\    H.iliil 

iliilll.  ;:lil\  rtilllil 

4ttl't>llir>ll   lllll'l    iintl    til. II  k  f.. Illll. 

('illl\  (-.Il   lilji  k   K.inil 

CKu  ..i./iv 

ei.i\  iiiiii  tiiuii. 


At   she  last    location  the  liark   .{iid  tln/^t  repotted  the   shock  of  an  eaillnpiake  J)eeemliei   I. 
187(t. 

Heyond  these  outer  sounding's  we  have  had  (1S(!<))  a  report  of  slio;iler  water  over  a  liottoiii.  1 
;;ieen  00/e  and  sand,  ',\  itii  st  ron^-  cm  lent  1  ips.  etc.    Imt  we  have  |ilaccd  no  reliance  upon  it. 

'I"lie  tiiniiils  oil'  Cape  .Meiidociliii  alioiil    the   vicinily    ol    Uliinl's    IJcef  w.re  esliinated   al   ein 
mile  )ier  lioiii,  but  no  |-c;;iilar  series  ol   oliseixatams  was  iilidei  taken. 

When  nearly  lieealined  for  several  ila\s  al>oiit  (illeeii  miles  |o  ilic  noiiliwes,  and  west  iiorih 
west  of  the  cape  in  Sepli'lliher.  l.STH.  wilii  however  just  clinii;;li  4111  In  i;i\c  steerage  w;i\." 
exiierieiiceil  a  set  of  the  current  lo  the  northward  of  not  less  ihan  one  and  one  (|iiailci  iiiih  s  pi  • 
lioiir.  When  the  wind  incieascd  to  ;:i\  e  ike  \  e.vsel  two  and  a  half  miles  pci  liuui,  w  c  ;;radii.ir\ 
worked  to  the  south  Noutheast  w  aid  and  crossed  a  well  marked  cimeiii  lip  litleeii  mile>  liom  II  •■ 
(•ape.  Iiiside  ol  this  cm  lent  rip  the  current  was  set  I  in;;  to  the  1101  Ihwaid  ;  outside  ol  I  hi'  1  ip  ll^' 
ciiiTeiit  wasseltiii;;  lo  llie  soulLward.     The  pu'valeiice  of  caliii  weather  and  a  smooth  se.i  Im   1 


.i;:; 


pai'ikk;  coast  i-ir.oT.  ;>17 

liiil  wi'ck  liail  ^jivcii   tilt'  eddy  <'iirit'iil  olo.so  iiniltT  the  slion*  iv  (•Ikiiicv  t(i  dcvi'lop  its  full   C'ikt  iiiul 
«,  l;li.     All  the  ciiiiililiiiiis  were  favonililc  tor  asci'itaiiiiiijc  tlii'  aiiovc  Cai'ts. 

Wlu'ii  till'  iKtrthvM'st  wiiuls  air  .stroii;;.  and  llii' .swoll  lu'av.v,  it  is  (iiiilc  likcl.v  that  tliis  iiislioro 
i,lil\  lUii.iit  is  fiiiwdcd  back,  or  works  lis  way  northward  aioii;;  slion- as  a  siiltsurlacc  ciunMit. 
riiilcr  onliiiaiilv  I'avorabh'  (■iri'iiiiislanccs  it  is  v.-iy  proliablf  that  it  docs  not  exceed  one  or  two 
iii:l('s  ill  brcadlli. 

W  licii  iiassiii':;  down  this  coast,  in  ITSti,  iictwccii  laliliidcs  Id  'AS'  and  ;J(i^  58',  La  I'oroiisc  appears 
Id  liiiM' been  caiiicd  thirty  miles  to  the  soiilli ward  by  the  current,  and  also  a  little  olV  shore.  This 
(111  >lM>re  ciiricnt  liasol'tcii  since  been  »'\pcriciiccd  by  iiavi;;ati>is  well  aci|iiaiiiled  wth  the  coast. 

77(c  7'((/(.v.— The  Collected  I'.stablisiiiiicii!,  or  mean  interval  between  the  time  of  the  moon's 
iix'iidiaii  transit  and  the  time  of  lii;;h  water,  is  \''  ■'.(>"■.  TJio  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides  is 
lime  and  nine  ti'iiths  feel ;  of  spriiifj;  tides,  four  and  ei;;ht  leiilhs  feet;  and  of  neap  tides,  three  feel. 
The  mean  diiiatioii  of  the  rise,  leckoiiint;'  lioiii  the  middle  of  one  stand  to  the  middle  of  the  next, 
isil  l.">"':  of  till'  fall,  (i''  1(»"';  and  of  the  stand.  Id'".  The  avcrajje  dilVcreiice  between  the  ('oirccted 
i;>i.ilili>hmeiit  of  I  lie  a.  III.  and  p.  111.  Ililcsof  the  .^a  me  day  i.^  I''  -"'"  for  hi;;li  water,  and  (>'■  1(1'"  for  low 
w.ilcr.  These  ditl'erenees  when  the  moon's  declination  is  ;;reatest  are  respecl  i\ cly  '_'''  (i."i"'  and  (I''  ."iti'". 
'riicaveramMlilference  in  lici;;ht  ol'  these  two  tides  is  one  and  four  tenths  feet  fur  I  lie  hij;li  waters,  and 
l«ii  and  ej;;ht  lentils  feel  tor  low  waters.  When  the  moon's  declination  is;;rcaicsl  these  dilVereiicvs 
arc,  respectively,  one  ai'd  nine  tenths  feel  and  four  Icet.  The  avera^'c  dilfercnce  ot'  the  hi<;lier 
liij;li  and  lower  low  waters  ot'  the  same  d.iy  is  six  ami  sc\  en  leiillis  feel,  and  when  the  moon's 
ilic  limit  ion  is  greatest,  seven  and  one  ten  I 'i  feet.  Tlu'  rise  of  the  liitihest  tide  ob.servcd  \\a>  ei;,'ht 
iihl  three-tenths  feet  above  the  plane  of  le.'ereiice,  and  fall  ol  ihe  lowest  below  the  same  plane 
eiii'  and  one  half  feet;  or  a  total  ran^e  of  nine  and  eij^ht-teiitlis  feet. 

LIGHT-HOUSK  AT  CAIMv   IVIICNDOCINO. 

riie  tower  of  this  l,iL;lil  stands  on  Ihe  oiitei  iiio-.|  pilch  of  the  cape  about  I'oiil'  limidred  feet 
.ili.'\e  the  .>ea,  and  therid;;e  rises  eijiht  hundreii  feel  above  il  in  two  thirds  of  a  mile  on  a  line 
Hull  Ihe  Sii^ar  I. oaf.  It  is  a  friislnm  of  a  .--ixiccn  sided  I'Vi^i'iiid,  Iweiity  feel  hiuli  I'loin  ba>e  to 
I'M.il  plane,  collet  I  >icle<|  of  iron,  painted  wliile.and  siii  moiiiilid  !iy  alaiilein  and  illiiniiiialiai: 
i|i|i:iiallis  of  the  lii.^l  oidi  I  of  Ihe  >.\>lemof  I'lesie  .  The  dome  and  baliisi  riidc  cif  the  laiilem 
111  paintid  white.  .\  dwclliiij;  for  the  keeper  is  .Niliiale<l  lifly  xanls  e;i>|  soiilheast  fioiii  the 
lulil  hon>e:  il  is  :i  twdsloiv  wnoden  house,  painted  a  li;;lil  bliilf  color.  A  small  house  for  I  em  • 
ji'i  11  \  sleeping;  (piarlers  is  liiiilt  on  tlii'  north  side  and  close  to  the  laulit  lioii'^e.  The  old  dwcllinj^, 
"!  liiii'U,  whii'h  was  situated  two  hundred  and  leu  yards  soiilheasi  li.\  ea>l  lioiu  and  lorty  tcet 
li  .;ih'r  than  the  l.lulil,  was  cracked  by  an  e.irllnpiake  in  1S7I  ami  snbvi'ipiently  niiiox  I'd. 

flic  I.iuht  was  lir->l  exhibited  I  ii'ccinbei'  1,  Isds.  :iiid  shows  from  sunset  to  sunrise  a  ycrnlviiiii 
■i',il,  liijlil  (till  II  iLi.sli  en  ri/  liiilt'  iiiiiuitr,  '\']f  .!;/ iiilii)ii  nl'  thr  Jhisli  is  J'lrt  .vccn/fi/v,  and  of  tin' olisrii- 
■''/■Il  liri  iitji  Jirr  sirihula  by  our  observal  iiuis  IVoni  .-.eaward.  The  former  annoiiticcmenls  yave  a 
■' 11  l;,il  obsciii.ilioii  ol  ;ive  seconds  befoie  and  after  Ihe  tla.sli  :  this  ma,\  be  \  i.sible  under  some 
I  iriimslaitces,  bill  the  piest'iit  ollicial  anuouucemeuls  do  not  refer  to  them. 

11 1 e  I, i iihl  has  :in  arc  of  \  isibilily  trom  nor!  Ii  se\  en  de;;rees  we.st  (N.  7  \\'.\  inside  <  'ape  h'or- 
1  Ms  nr  I'lilse  Cape,  round  by  wcsl  und  south  ti>  south  twenty  three  de;:rees  east  ( S.  •_'.;  !•].)  to 
r    Ilia  <ioril;r;   it  can  be  seen  olV  the  Iliimboldl   li.ir. 

I'lie  focal  plane  of  the  lens  is  lour  hnndrcil  and  tweiilv  three  IccI  alioxe  the  iiiniii  level  of  th(> 
SI  I,  Old  th(>  la;;lit  should  be  seen  nmler  tavoi.ible  conditions  of  the  weather  from  a  hei;;lil  of — 

III  I'.i't  at  a  ilistain  1'  <il  '.'T.a  null's. 
'.'Il  IrrI  at  ,1  illslaili  r  nl'  'J-.s  inijr.s, 
;!0  lirl  111  a  ilislaiiii'iil'  •,';•',•  tiiili'K. 
(ill  I'lTl  at  a  ilistaii.i'  •>!'  :i'.'..".  iiiilrs. 

Tlie  y;eo;;rapliieal  positiiui  of  the  I,i;;hl.  as  deleriuined  b\  the  « 'oast  and  (leodetic  Survey,  is: 

l„lli|lll|l' Ill         '.'I'l         1-  iMlllll. 

I.iinyitiiiliv t-'l    ','1    -Jl     wi'si. 

Ol,  ill  lilnr -      i:-;!?    .1 

I'lie  conipiiled  maj;iietie  \arialioii  for  .laniiary,  ISSt'i,  was  IS    11"  east,  with  an  annual  increase 


i 


> 


I 


H|:. 


^'h 


.  ^r'' 


1^'  m 


'(  11^ 


?  If 


318  PACIKir    COAST    PILOT. 

From  Capo  Mt'iidociiio  Liylit  wo  liave  the  following  lM'ariiij,'s  and  distiuic'cs  to  proniiiiciit  < 
i!Hi»ortaiit  oliji-cts: 

l!lmil"s  Kill,  Siiiitlnvi'st  Ifiick S,  -U  W.  •.'.',1  iiiilcn. 

I'diiit  AiiMia  I,i};liilniiis(''  S.  ;!:  ■  i:.  HIJ  iiiilci. 

I'oiiit  I'aliiillii" S.    In;  i:.  7iiJ  inilcM. 

I'liiitu  (inula S.  -.".I  i:.  II    iiiili'M. 

('ajH'  riiiniiias  (ir  Falsi'  CaiH' N.    7<  W.  Ij  niilcM. 

Whislliiii;  lliioy  olV  lliuiilhilill    Hart Nmili  Ml     iiiilc'H. 

IIiHIiIhiMI      l.iu'llt-llnllSC N.      :U       r..  'Jll    Hlll.'H. 

1  liiiiilail   I.iiilil  Inmstt N.     I  W.  ;N  iiiilcH. 

li'nliliii;;'.'*  Ii(i(  k N.    >i  W.  .Vi  iiiili'H. 

Croi  (  111  C'ily  I,i;;lit  liimsc N.  IJ  \V.  T-  iiiilrs. 

SI.  (Jriiljii'V  III  rt!  1  |irii|iiisril  li;;lit-liimM'> N.  17  \V.  -.;  inilrM. 

t'ajir  Oilnlil  I.I'4lil!iiiM-n N. '-'I  \V.  Ill  mill's. 

Wliisdiii;:  r.niiy  oil   li!iiiir.s  IJiif  tn  WliisI  liim  llimy  nil    II liolill 

liar '. N.  11  K.  'i\i  iiiilrs. 

Set' (U'scri|pti()n  hI'  IJlmit's  Itcd'  lor  Wliistliiiij;  Utiny  oil  Ciipf  .Mciidoriiio. 
The  cxti'iit  of  .-liort' liiii'  I'loiii    I'oiiil    lioiu'la  to  ( "a|M'  Mendocino  is  about  two  Iimidreil  iiiii 
twenty  lour  miles,  without  reekoniiiL,'  tiie  minor  iiidentalioiis. 

(•An:    •MKMKiCIMi.  — II.IM  ATIC    CnNIHI  IONS. 

At  Point  ('oiiceiieioii  fjrcat  eliaiines  were  lomid  to  exist  in  tlie  eliaiaeter  of  tlie  winds  ami 
swe'l.  teiiiiieiatiire  of  the  water,  etc..  on  aeeoiinl  of  t  lie  nn.ai  elianni«  of  direct  ion  of  the  enast  jiin'. 
I''.(|iiallv  inlcreslint;'  ditVereiices  are  found  in  th(>  latitude  of  Cape  .Menilocino.  Tliis  ^reat  headlin  ! 
maiKs  the  second  ciianue  in  the  n,:|,,.|al  direction  of  the  coastline.  Kruni  I'oiui  4 'oneepclon  i  In' 
trend  of  the  coast  is  nearly  northwest  true;  north  of  Cape  Mendocino  the  tieiid  is  nearly  iMii;h 
true  hence  to  Cape  ["lattery.  To  the  southward  of  Cape  .Mendocino  there  is  a  fair  exleiit  ol  fmi  >; 
land,  hut  to  the  muthward  the  coiintiy  may  he  saicl  to  lie  wholly  wooded.  .South ward  of  Ca|in 
Mendocino  the  two  thousand  to  twenty  tour  hundred  fathom  plateau  of  the  I'acitic  Ocean  coiiics 
relati\i'ly  close  under  the  coast,  the  former  depth  heiii^-  less  than  forty  miles  outside  I'olni  .Vieh.i ; 
northward  of  Ca|ie  Mendocino,  in  the  latitudes  of  Trinidad  and  Point  St.  (ieorn;e,  the  (listancr  ~ 
four  times  as  nreat  and  the  liottom  is  ver\  irrefjular. 

The  temperature  of  the  ocean  water  aloii;;  the  coast,  as  derived  from  a  limited  numltei  "i 
o!iser\  atioiis  thniii^'h  two  years,  has  nearly  the  same  yearly  average  ol    Vl  '  Fahr.  as  the  walei^  :■■ 

■  he  noilh  almost  as  fa.  as  the  Strait  nf  I'liea. 

Put  the  distiiiLtiiishinir  feature  of  this  part  of  the  coast  is  the  lartie  increase  in  the  rain  I  11 
upon  the  .--ea  lioard,  upon  the  coast  raiinc,  and  as  far  as  the  western  tianks  of  the  .Sierra  Ne\a  ;.i. 
The  .seasiuis  are  the  same  as  at  the  southward,  di>  in  summer  and  wet  in  winter.  I'rom  eleun 
years' ohservat  ions  at  I'^iireka,  from  I.sii.i  to  IST'.,  the  rain  fall  averaj,'ed  thirt.Ntwo  and  a  hill 
inches,  reacliinjr  forty  sevi'u  and  a  half  inches  in  ls«(it!,  and  falliii;^  to  twenty  live  and  a  halt  mi 
ISCi'.l  and  1S7.'{.  The  condensed  talile  is  ni\-,.||  under  the  description  of  laireka.  The  puMiNlml 
liullcliiis  of  the  .Signal  .Ser\  ice  ^'ive  a  r.iinl'all  of  t  weiitysex  fii  and  thrc'ipiarters  inches  at  ('.ipi' 
Mendocino,  lint  this  is  for  the  year  ISSo'Sli. 

The  w  iiids  blow   w  iih  severity  nil'  iiie  cape,  and  in  southeasters  the  rej^ister  has  indicated  i'  >• 

■  I'locity  as  hi;:h  as  one  hundred  and  foitylbur  iiiiles  per  hour  (oii  .lanuarv  L'O,  1  \S(i),  hut  ii  il  - 
no!  ncce>>aril\  follow  that  it  attains  this  e\'!:i(Uilinaiy  \clocit\  immediately  over  the  water.  I'l 
twe.itx  liiui  hours,  on  .laniiary  L'ti,  Is.stl,  till' rejiisiei  indicaleil  foiiiteeii  hundred  and  ,seveiit>  ■ 
niilo.  ill  si\i,\  one  and  a  half  miles  per  hour  for  ihe  entire  da\  ;  and  lor  thirty  da\  s  of  the  .^.lli  ■ 
monih.  .laiiiiary,  1SS(»,  the  renister  imiicated  lilleeii  thousand  se\  <  n  hundred  iind  tliiit\  siv  iiiil-  -. 
which  is  an  a\('ra;re  hoiiriv  \  eloeity  tor  a  whol,'  month  of  ncarl\  i  wcntytwd  miles. 

Tlu^  {.neat  swell  lit  the  P.u'ilic  in  hea\,\  southerly  weather  causes  tlu^  sea  to  break  in  nine  ;ii  ! 
ex'eii  nine  and  one  i|uarler  falhoms  of  water  oil  the  eaiie.  and  escn  in  prolonged  northwest  w  ii  ~ 
the  loll};,  deep,  rolling  swell  is  very  liiavy. 

"  I'liiita  (Inula  liiial,s  ilir  iliiiii  In (  \  isinn.  InO  Unin  jlliinl'^  Uri'l'  llin  liKiuilij;  i.s  iijii'li. 

tCapr  I'm  I II  nan  linaks  tlin  ilirrrl  linn  nf  visimi,  Iml  lioiii  I  linn  In  lini'f  llin  lii'iirin);  is  njii'ii. 

till rlliuist  ill-  niili'iiiin'.l  111'  till'   lir.iHiiii   linrks.  nr  ('o'Mi'hl   City   Ki'i'l,  wlii'lr  II  lij^litllim.si"    Is  ill  rnnr-'      I 

rnMBlnirtinii.     Till-  iiainn  in-.!  ,'ii|ii|itnl  « .-m  llin  .Niirl  liwi'st  Snal  HnvV.  Light. 


\    ' 


rACIKir   COAST   PILOT.  319 

Tlic  Cojjs  forni  alioiit  tlic  c;iim(  ami  bunk  afiniiist  it  very  (Iciisely.  Sonictiincs  a  vessel  will 
,'\]:\  iliMT  wi-allicr  Iroin  tlii'  Strait  of  Fiiia  to  this  caiH-aiid  tlii'ii  nicomitcr  Cotjs  tliat  it'acli  to  San 
li.i'ifisco. 

Ill  sinmiu-r  wciitliiT,  wlicn  tlif  l'on",l  lircs  of  tlu' iiortli  arc  in  lull  blast,  tlu^  sniokt'  is  very 
llih  i,  aloMf^  tlic  \v  Imlc  roast,  and  this  cajK'  may  be  so  coniiilt'lfly  hidden  thai  it  is  daiifieions  to 
.i|i|ii.i,ich  it  to  lake  a  deparhire. 

Ill  suMiiiier,  steam  coast iii,n  vessels  from  the  soiitliward  keep  close  under  the  coast-line  to  avoid 
ilir  heavy  swell  and  fierce  winds  wiiieh  they  will  ;;eni'rally  encounter  here. 

Cabrillo  did  not  see  ('.'lie  .Mendocino,  altlioiij;h  usually  (iredited  with  its  discovery.  He 
iiicdHiiteicd  lica\y  weatlier  in  this  latitude,  and  was  driven  olV  shore.  "  They  weie  at  a  jioint 
«ii;  ii  makes  a  ca|u'.  wliicii  they  called  ('(//)('  ilc  /•'()/•/ ioik.v  |('a|)e  of  l'erils|.  (Ui  account  of  the  many 
li.iii^ns  llicy  had  experienced  in  those  da,\s.  and  it  is  in  forty  and  one  decrees."  As  all  his  lati- 
iihli  >  are  erroneous  by  <nie  de.uree  to  one  dc;,Mee  and  a  half,  we  may  safely  assume  that  he  did  not 
Mflhe  coast  north  of  Point  l>clj;ada  at  Siielt(  r  Cove,  in  latitude  forty  deL,'rees. 

In  Ferrelo's  voya;;e  next  year  lie  experienced  a  ;;reat  storm  which  drove  his  vessels  otf  shore. 
:i;hl  when  they  were  forceil  to  return  southward  they  did  not  see  the  lainl  until  they  approiK^he.l 
I'l  '  '  .\rena,  when  they  reco;;iii/.cd  theC.ibode  I'inos  [at  Fort  lioss].  lie  hail  been  far  north  of 
(  i|ir  Mendocino;  and  between  latitudes  ,'>'.i.P  andll.P  he  saw  discolored  water  and  other  sij;ns  of 
a  uiiMt  liver  emptying;  on  that  part  of  the  coast. 

\  i/.ea'ino  lirst  located  Cape  .Mendocino.     In  .January,  ICilK? — 

'['■■   iliLi-liip  oatiii-  ill  si^lil    111'  HiiMir  vrrv    lii:;li   iii'iinil.nn-*  cif  ;i   irddiuli  rnlm- ;   iiiiil    I'ciiirlfrii   Iim!;ii.'s  fiii'tlirr  ti)  tlir 
■  ■:■'     1-1  ;i  rliii|iiiiMl-Hir(M|ii'  iMiiii'  (lin-ctlv   iipini   I  Ij.- -r:!,  ami  iirar  ll  >(>iiir  siiow-iiivnicl  iiiiMiiitaiii.- :  and  tlic  pildlM 
, ,    '  this  nIicmiIiI  111'  I'lc  Capi'  Mi'iiilcuiiici  « liiili  i>  iirrmly  ami  uih'  ili-i;ii'rs. 

<  )ii  his  chart  he  has  a  |iroiiiiiieiit  lie.ulland  in  KM  ^  and  a  marked  head  at  tl  ^.  lietween  these 
111'  Ills  a  deeji  receding;  shoreline  with  a  Iary;e  river  empty  in;;  into  the  northeast  part  thereof. 
Tills  lecession  is  Iliiinlioldt  l!ay;  the  bi^;  river  was  judj;ed  to  Ite  siii'li  b_\  the  deep  valley  in  the 
iliri  null  of  Mild  IJiver.     The  real  Cape  Mendocino  was  at    IdA   .  but  no  iiame  appears  there.     The 

iiai Ciiho  .Mendocino"  is  placed  abreast  a  cape  of  wiiile  clifls  in  11'  l(t',  whence  the  shore  trends 

II  s||,,ri  distance  to  the  iioitheast.     This  may  lie  Point  Si.  (icoi';;e. 

\'i/caiiio  is  supposed  to  have  anchored  under  the  Su;:ai  Loaf  Islet  olV  Cape  Mendocino,  or  otV 
:lir  l,ir:;e  rock  otV  l'"alse  Cape ;  but  he  could  not  possiiily  have  tloiie  so.  (See  remarks  on  Keddiny 
II'tK. 

Tlie  S|ninisli  ^^alh'oiis  from  the  Philipjiine  Islands  to  .\capulco  appear  to  have  j^eni'ially  made 

'    Xiiiciiciin  coast  about   Cape   Mi  iidoclno  as  a  landfall  and  well  to  windward  and  tlien  to  have 

'Ml  the  cii.isi,     .\s  nil  tile  coast  line  is  Ncry  bold,  e\  cry  prominent  nionniain  wis  naturally 

-  I  xi'ii  for  the  lieail,  and  mans  erioiieous  latitudes  were  thereby  assi;;'ned  to  tlie  cape. 

Ill  1(1117  (ieini  Hi  reported  the  cape  to  be  in  II  L'd' ;  but  he  ;ratlicrcd  his  Unowled;;!'  Iroiii  tlie  ship 
^  '.rii  he  traveled  ;   he  did  not  see  the  coast  ill  this  lalitiide. 

I  I  17.(1  l>oii  Joseph  <  Ion/ales  Cabrera  P.ueno  says  < 'ape  .Mendocino  is  in  (U  wlieic  the  coast 
I  •  .1  point  of  lii;;ii  land,  bare  of  lliiiiier,  with  ceil, tin  wiiitc  clilfs  o\ei  looking:  the  sea.  lie 
•''      M'd  Ills  iiilnriiialioii  from  the  captains  and  pilots  ui'  the  ;;alleons  ;  lu^  was  ne\er  on  this  coast. 

I  I  latitude    In     ;'iL"   I.u   Pchhix'   (l7Mi)   la\s  down   the  cape  as   Pnntii   (ioida,  and   depicts  a 

ii;;  voli'.iiio  Iheieon.     Ill  his  description  lie  says  he  ••  pi'iceiNcd  a  \olc.iiio  mi  Ihr  summit  of  a 

'111. nil  which  bore  east   from  ns.     Tlir  tianie  was  vciy  \i\iil;   but  a  tliicU  t'oj;- somi  concealed  it 

'ii!  'iiir  si;;lil.""     lie  did  not  see  I  lie  land  to  the  sunt  liw  aid  on  account  of  the  lb;;,  but  places  Cape 

i'     i  'lino  in  III    n7',  which  is  the  latitude  assi;;ned  by  |)iiii  Piinno  de  lleceta's  mate  for  the  cajie 

-  .'•which   is  a  projection  into  the  sea  with   fniii    ravines  of  a   reddish  color  with  suiiie  siimll 
'      II  llie  declivities." 

I  ill'  Coast  Survey  has  published  a  cliait  ot'  the  appiomlies  to  the  cape,  ;;iviii;;  the  siiiiiidiii;;s 

I"'  ■    e  miles  broad  oil'  the  cape  and  lieiiee  noil  li  ward  of  Cape  I'orlnnas.     '{"his  cluirl  I  ml  lea  I  es  all 

'      i'lw  11  dan;,'crs.     In  ISTO  the  Coast  und  ( leodeile  .Sui  \  ev  issued  a  mil  ice  to  ma  ri  nets  w  urn  in;; 

I!    "f  the  discii\ cry  of  cl;;ht   hidden  daiiu'eis;  iiinl  siibsi  (iiently  more  weic  discovered.     The 

'  'I-   ell, lit  exhibits  the  lines  of  otVshore  soundings. 

•  lews  of  the  cai»c  are  ;;iveu  fioiu  various  directions. 


i 


%-^  1 


111  I 


r 


n 


m 


m 


'  Si-:il'l, 


^if 


i 


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IP  : 


&P'MII 


I  ;  M 


IVIO 


PACIl'lC    COAST    IMI,OT. 


CAPE  FORTUNAS  OR  FALSE  CAPE. 


Tliis  Ixilil  jind  ]u-i'('iiMt<)iis  ln'iid  lies  lour  iiiid  ii  iiiiarliT  inili's  iiorlli  ImIC  west  (N.  A  \\ .)  finm 
('apt'  Mi'iiddi'liii)  l,i;:lit  liii.isc.  It  is  tlu-  iiliiiii)!  tcriiiiiialioii  of  a  iiHUinlaliKms  lid^c  |ii<ii('i'iiii^ 
s(|iiai'*'l,v  iipDii  the  iiccaii. 

I'.clwi'i'ii  till'  two  capes  the  sliorcliiu'  is  very  nearly  straijilit  to  uitiiin  iiaH'a  mile  til'llie  I'lN,. 
liead.  wliii'li  priijeels  only  one  iiiiailer  (if  a  mile.  'I'lie  shore  is  liold,  coliipai'l,  and  iiiai  Ued  li\  I  u: 
or  tliii'e  heavy  slides  several  Imiidreil  I'eel  almve  the  sea.  It  is  Ixirdered  liy  a  lirnad,  lou  wat- i 
beach  and  Itrokeii  at  the  middle  l>y  llie  entrance  tif  a  small  stream,  called  Itcai  < 'icck,' ((.1111114 
tVoni  the  cast  vard  thr(in;;h  a  valley  a  lion  t  one  (piarter  of  a  mile  broad.  Tiic  creel;  has  a  \\  idili  <•[ 
one  liMiidrcd  y.irds  at  the  moiilh  liclween  narrow,  sandy  points.  Il  ueiicially  clones  almin  Jul, 
and  opens  a  I  ion  I  NoNcmlier.  I'licre  are  live  I'allioms  of  water  abreast  of  the  month  w  iilnn  half  a 
mile  of  the  beach,  upon  which  a  heavy  swell  is  ^^cncrally  breaUinj,'.  Alon;;-  this  beach  thcii'  1. 
only  one  rock  found,  at  (Mic  mde  Irom  the  l.i^lit  house  and  close  oil' a  sliulil  depression  in  the  liiils 
from  which  a  livnlcl  jssr.cs.  This  Loiiv  h'liik,  as  it  is  called,  is  only  oim  hniidicd  and  twcnl\  il\,' 
yards  from  the  shore. 

Tape  I'oitnnas.  at  the  upper  ed^j'e  of  the  steep  pitch,  is  ,«ix  linndrcd  and  fonrteen  fi  ct  alu'i' 
the  sea  ;  and  thence  the  ri(l;;e  stretches  cast  by  sonih  ( !•',.  Iiy  S  )  for  two  niih  s,  w  here  il  allaiiis  .m 
elevation  i>\'  lillecii  hiindicil  and  sixty  feel.  It  is  iiceless,  bnt  covered  with  fjrass.  The  dii|i 
Unlchcs  nndei  its  sonih  and  north  sides  aie  lillcij  wiih  oaU  and  redwood.  The  line  of  llie  cMaip 
ineiit  of  llic  cape  conlimies  iunkcn  for  more  llian  a  mile  to  the  north  from  its  lii;;hcst  point.  Imi 
decreases  sharply  in  elevation  towards  ihe  nionlli  of  the  lirsl  j.'iilch. 

The  lia--e  of  tin'  cape  has  a  low  water  beach  of  rock,  shinule,  and  sand,  except  al  ils\ii\ 
extremil.x.  Il  is  ynarded  by  several  oiitlyiin;'  rocks  and  is  marked  by  a  hijjh,  rocky  islet,  I  \>o 
hnndred  and  ten  vaids  Ion;;  noilhcasi  and  sonthwest.  lisiii;;  t\\(i  liiuidrcd  and  sixteen  fcri  ahnvc 
the  sea  and  I\  in;;'  li\  e  ei^^liths  of  a  mile  from  the  pitch  of  Ihe  cape.  I!et  ween  il  and  t'le  c.ipc  lO' 
xiiiikiii  nifl.w  and  Iwo  smaller  rocky  islets  risiii;;-  niiiely  and  forlysix  tcct  abo\e  Ihe  sea.  i  lie 
lai';.'esl  i>lci  is  iiol  Ml  re;;nlarly  shaped  as  the  Sa;,Mr  Loaf  of  Cape  .Mendocino,  and  Irom  Ihe  .vonih 
west  II  prcsciiis  Ihe  appearance  of  a  trnncated  cone  with  the  top  neaily  Hal,  but  showing  \.\.i 
indistinctly  maiked  wiiitish  patches  on  its  llat  top,  with  a  dark  break  bclween  them.  I'loiii  a 
loni:  distance  in  the  same  diicclioii  il  shows  as  a  cone.  From  the  northwest  it  appears  imirli 
broadi  r  because  it  is  seen  broadside  on. 

Ihiiiiji  IS — /i'(/(/,-  iiirii.yli. — One  lilih  of  a  mile  west  ol'  Ihe  south  end  of  tlu'  False  Tape  liock  1^  .1 
rock  auash. 

Tlinr  /.'/'y(/,\.— ( »ne  third  of  a  mile  iiorlh  sixty  <Ic;;rees  west  (N.  (id  W .)  troin  thi>  south  p  r 
of  the  I'alse  Cape  K'ock  is  11 liter  one  of  three  breaks,  with  ten  lallioms  of  water  close  up  in   1. 

Tin  I  re  In  t  limiL. — Three  liftlis  of  a  mile  south  ei;;lily  three  (le;;rees  west  (S.  S.'P  \V.)  |i,.:ii 
Ihe  soiiili  point  ot  the  I'alse  Cajie  b'ock  lies  a  sunken  rock  with  twelve  feel  of  water  upon  , 
There  IS  thiileen  falhoiiis  of  water  close  outside  and  deep  water  inside  of  il.  To  eleai'  this  im  i>, 
keep  Sharp  IJo.  N.olVCape  .Mendocino,  well  on  Ihe  western  ed;;e  of  the  Silf^ar  Loaf. 

Fiiliiiifdt  li'iiil.. — There  IS  a  break  on  a  tiftceii  feet  sunken  rock  one  and  one  t'i;:hllMiiilr^ 
soiiih  hall'cast  (S.  \  I!.)  from  I'alse  Cajie  b'ock,  with  fonl  uroniid  iicarl,\  hall  a  mile  west  ward  l.\ .     l! 

is  till piai  ters  of  a  mile  broad  oil  sliorc  but  is  far  inside  of  any  vcss(d's  track.     To  clear  this  |m  iI 

;;roiiiid  keep  Sharp  itock,  oil' Cape  Mendocino,  on   the  western  ed;:eof  the  Sn^far  Loaf. 

Noltliw.ird  of  the  I'alse  Cape  Mock  are   sex  era  I  sinil.ni  mil.s  close  under  the  shore,  and    li 
eliistcr  of  tliiee  Jilsl    iliside   the   ten  fathom    line  and    located  by  Miixsil   h'urh-.  which    lies  e\.i' 
north    N.)  of  the  iiiiddlc  ol   the    i'alse   Ciipe  Hock,  distant   three  ipiai  tei  s  of  a  mile.     This  ri"  !■     ~ 
(piite  low,  very  small   in  cMeiit,  and  lies  vcr>  ncaii.N  half  a  mile  Innad  oil' shore  abreast  the  1  '-' 
lartc  ynlch  on  the  north  side  of  the  cape.     The  three  sunken  rocks  lie  one  hnndred  and  foil>  >.'i  l> 
to  the  llollhwi'st  of  Mussel  K'ock. 

Iii-id(  (if  Mussel  Ifoek  are  three  small  visible  rocks  and  several  sunken  rocks.     Thence  I' 
11(11  thwaid  the  shore  line  is  free  fidiii  daiiy^ers. 

The  ■iniiiiiliiiiis  (ilflhe  cape  show  j;cneiall\    lilteeii  fathoms  three  (piarters  of  a  mile  oillsul. 
I'alse  Cape  Itock.  with  links  patches  of  sexcn  and  ei^ilil  Calhoins,  and  line  fjray  sand  up  to  lir 
l.ithoii's;  tweiil>    lallioms  al  one  and  01 i;;litli   miles  from  Ihe  rock,   with  line  ;;iay  sand 

'It  wan  Iiil;(II\  Uiiuvmi  a»  .MiDiiikiIiI'h  CivrU  (|s7ii). 


'^5' 


.»»M,_.-^*  .K».  ^p- 


rif. 


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•"■'i 

If 

'  Fiii 

Hf  1 

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IP 

.■      ■  ! 

iVj^ 

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ii 

'i. 

|;| 

1  i 

jl 

i.i  M., 


as 


Uix'li  (itV  l'a|ic  rdrtiiMiiN  or  l''iilm'  ('apt', 
M-;.,  'Jit;  (■(■•■t  liiirli. 


Mie  Siijai-  l.oiif,  M;.,„ir  ('ill,,.  M..|i(l()(iiiii,  ;t31  feet. 


■■;--.ii<*»«:^'l;J^. 


■•'*«"^  w  .  -*■: 


Ciipi'  riiiliiii;f<,  1. J  mill's.  lapi"  Mfiidcu 


S.  l'>    K.,  ilisliiiit  'Hi  iiiilos. 


Ml 


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'^li 


!!! 


% 


( fi     -i 


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1'  i 

w^\ 

l')i>'i'P 

\Wm' 

Ijl.W 

MmiI 

"W 

■ 

I '      f'' ' 

'■::-t 


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l-Uitii 


^z' 


iitiii.i<^b 


ILMM*    ■      ■■  ih"««|Mi^^^^^'i* 


'  Jl«>ill  IM 


RnspMinpnHRn 


Sugar  Loaf.     Kock  ort  t'»p«  Knrtiimw. 

Cnpo  Mriiiiiiciiiii  l,i){lii  |<i>iini', 


■<:;: 


•V 


.i)!&^ 


-*'^..- 


-.-^v 


'_r^. 


'V 


^iinar  l.diif,  ;t:ii  fi.,t. 

{'Hl«'  M.'lidoriiici,  l,;ift,  feel,  K.NK.,  -  iiiil.s  I.ikIiI  lioiisr,  11.1^111  ■I'.'li  IVrt, 


NiiticoiiliU'  tree. 


The  Twins,  •i.tWO  and  a,460  feet. 


(1870) 


^^^tl^^'^S^"^^' 


Wdorii'd  liill  iifni  f'eiilii'villc 


I'alse  li'iiik.  'Jlii  I'eet. 
('api-  h'mliiiuiM  111-  I'alsc  Cnpe,  700  feet  lii^li,  NK.,  10  iiiile.'i. 


Break.     liliint's  Keet'. 


r 


Mil 


,-— aBftii 


f 


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t 


I 


'if       H 


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J,, 

If;      I 


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w 


liia 


'* 


"'-^rr 


Whito  liiif  •'!  •:iv.''.  Iipai'h. 


Tiil.lo  niiill,  !ifi«lit  liif.  f.'et,  S.  :i<l    K 


"  .-. 


Hiinibnldt  LiRht-lionsf.  E.  liy  N.  i  N..  1  ■     ea. 


Roil  Hlull.  ',M  IVcl,  i;.  *  S.li  iiiil^H. 


I<<'(I(liii(r  Rnrk,  Kl  fnet,  K.SF     i  miles. 


KfMldifi^;  K( 


^^:^- 

.>,^   (,"» 


9  Bluff,  height  lii,^  feet,  S.  It!)-  K.,  n  mih. 


Rotic  oa'FdrliiiinH. 
Sugar  r,o»f  R„  k  off  M«ii.<(.n,i„. 
Capo  Kortnn.isCapp  Mpii  iinin.., 
S.  li.vK.,2l  iinicH 


feet,  K.  iS..4iiiiilM. 


Hciidiiiu  Kork,  M-: 


■CvM^nat- 


Wliiti'  lint'  III"  Niinil 


Rook  <id' ViirliiiuiK. 
Sn^ar  l.nai'  H  ■'•k  ort'  Mniuloiiiio. 
("apo  Fortiiiiasriilii'  Mi'iiilmiui  , 


m 


ih' 


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M. 


;l:'t'  >! 


/ 


mBSm 


UiHiliiii;  \li;U.  -:i  Iril,  K.Sl', 


({.•■liliM«  l{(M  k,  N.  lij  K. 


PACIFIC   COAST    I'lLOT.  321 

mil  I.  Tlii'iico  tlio  (Icjttli  is  i|iiito  uiiilbrm  lor  iiciiiiy  two  miles  fiiitluT  oiif,  leaching  twenty  liv(^ 
r.  jiiuis  at  two  ami  tlii«'e<|iiarlers  miles  (Vom  tlie  loek,  oser  a  iMttloiii  of  line  ^ray  saml  and  lirown 
iiiii  1  :  heyiind  tliis  the  liy(lio;,'ra|)liie.  snrvev  has  not  yet  Iteen  extemled  (ISS(i). 

The  ;;e(i};raiiliieal  position  ol'the  Coast  Survey  station,  whieli  is  on  the  ]iiteli  of  the  eape,  six 
liiiniliiil  and  lonitoen  feot  aliovo  the  sea  and  live  iiundred  ami  I'orty-live  yards  uoiitli  seventy- 
I,.  11    iiid  a  half  dej^rees  east  (S.  71.^'^  10.),  true,  from  the  extreme  i)oint  ofthcea[ie,  is  as  follows: 

l.alilnilc I"     :iii    liii'.l  iioitli. 

l.dllfjillMll' I-.' I       -'.i'     IT     .1    WfSl. 

Or,  ill  tiiMi' f^'   IT"  lil'.l. 

riie  ma;;netie  variation  in  .lannary,  ISS."),  was  IS    1l"  east,  and  inereasinj;'  <>'.  It  annually. 

I'l'iiin  the  I'alse  ('ape  Iioi-k  the.  Whistling;  lii.oy  oil'  llnmlxildt  l>ar  hears  north  two  and  a  half 
ijcuiee.s  east  (N. -.P  Iv),  distant  seventeen  miles;  the  Ilnndioldt  l.i;;lithonse  hears  north  nine 
ill  -ives  east  (N.  0^  Iv),  distant  seventeen  and  a  half  miles;  and  Trinidad  Li{,dit  house  hears  north 
mil  (ii'uree  east  (N.  I  '  1'^.),  distant  thiityl'our  miles. 

iliiseapi^  was  locally  known  as  I'alsi'  .M(>ndoeino,  then  as  false  ('api';  hut  in  ISIW  the  ('wist 
Sill  V  >'\  named  it  Cape  l''ortuuas  to  a\  old  the  repetition  of  the  name  Mendoeim),  ami  to  (H>nnn(>tn- 
III, 111  lerrelii's  discoveries,  althoutjh  he  applied  thai  name  to  the  vicinity  of  Point  l)el!;ada.  (See 
n  iiMiks  on  Cape  Mendocino.) 

I.ii  I'ciiinse  calls  this  cape  (eomhined  with  Cape  Mendocino)  I'linta  Corda,  and  i)lace.s  it  in 
111  1  iiilc.  W^  li'2',  hut  a  thick  fo^  prevented  hi,<  seeinji  the  immediate  coastline. 

TIIK   COASl    riJOM   CAl'I';    KOKTINAS   Jn   TIMMDAI)    ilf.AI). 

Northward  of  Cape  P'oitnuas  the  shorelim'  is  very  slrai.i^ht.  norlli  six  deuifcs  east  (N.CP  E.), 
I  ir  lucnty-eijiht  miles  to  the  month  of  Mad  liivcr;  and  from  Mad  IfiNcr  to  Trinidad  l>ay  the 
>liniv  iiiM>  is  ay;ain  strai;;ht  norlli  fourteen  de};iees  west  (N.  1 1  '  W.)  for  six  miles.  In  this  stretch 
III  thirtyfour  miles  the  hills  retreat  for  several  miles  inland,  and  tne  shore-line  is  broken  h.v  the 
iiiniilisof  I'el  Kiver,  Iliimlioldt  l'>ay.  and  .Mad  lti\cr.  From  seaward  it  looks  as  if  a  ;;reat  ^nlt 
III  I'll' in  well  to  the  east  ward.  The  shiu'c  is  notahly  a  h>i\js  line  of  sand  beach  and  sand  dunes 
liiiil,cii  only  by  Table  rdulVand  IJeil  lilnlV.  For  four  nidcs  north  of  the  cape  the  shore  is  bordered 
l)V  lii;:li  hills  ran;;ed  in  a  series  of  rid;;es  |ierpendicnlar  to  the  coast  line,  and  decreasiui;  in  hel<;ht 
;i<  »!•  .ippi'oach  lie!  Itiver  I'.eaeh.  The  summits,  rising-  to  nine  liniidii'd  and  fmty  feet  at  one  and 
a  bill' miles  abreasi  ( 'entreville,  are  eo\eied  with  redwood,  and  the  ;;■  .rues  tilled  with  oak  ami 
iiijuiiod  The  shore  has  a  low  water  beach  which  has  ipiicksands  in  s'  ne  places,  making;  travel 
li.i/,;li'ilons. 

.\l  four  miles  from  the  cape  is  the  small  settlement  of  CottirrUh'  close  umler  the  northwest 
vl.i|ie  .if  the  hills,  which  here  retreat  well  to  the  eastwanl  to  form  the  valley  of  Fel  liiver.  Cell- 
iir\  ille  is  located  at  the  head  of  a  small  stream  rnnnin;.;  northward,  paralh'l  with  the  ocean  shore 
.iiiil  not  over  a  (pnirter  of  a  mile  therefrom.  On  this  peninsida  the  saml  diiiu's  reai'h  only  twenty 
Ici  i  ,  le\atioii. 

KKL    I!lVi;it. 

11 V  IS  a  moderately  troiid  sized  stream  opening;  thriMi;;li  the  beach  ei^ht  i;nd  tlireeijuarters 
'■  'I   a  of  Cape   T'oiUinas  and    thirteen    miles  from  Cape   Mendiicino.     From  ISInnt's  Heef  it 

1'.  .''ti!  sjxti'en  di';.'rees  east  (X.  Hi  '  !■].)  thiiteen  and  a  half  mill's  distant.     It  has  a  bar  at  its 

niimli:  \\'\'.  .)nly  six  aid  a  half  feet  (>f  water  upon  it.  Th"  eiitiance  is  very  narrow,  and  at  the 
tiiiif  I.''  tile  MiiNcys  in  \MV.)  and  in  lS7."i  the  distance  apart  ol  the  noitli  and  soiitb  points  v.;is  only 
line  ii'ii  dred  and  seventy  liN  e  yards,  and  at  low  water  cinisidei  ibiy  less.  .V  small  coastinjf  steamer, 
ilir.viiiLt  seven  to  ei^flit  feet  of  water,  trades  here,  but  can  eiiti  r  only  at  (U'  near  hii.;h  tide,  and  even 
;!iiii  I  here  b:  almost  continually  a  bieaker  o'l  il'c  bar.  .li  st  inside  the  two  points  the  river 
1(11  i\es  >■  A  Shiuijh,  a  shoil  stream  or  slon;;li  from  ;!.,  south,  and  Mc\iilli/'s  Sloiiiih  from  the 
iii'iili.  1.  '  th  river,  at  the  tinm  of  the  surveys  and  examinations  in  ISii!),  IS70,  and  lS7."i,  did 
'H.i  break  St.  .ifjht  thi(nii;li  the  shore  line  at  the  juneticm  of  the  sloufjhs  but,  one  third  of  a  mile 
III  iijiward,  HO  Unit  there  is  a  tendency  of  the  siniih  point  to  push  to  the  northward  find  also  to 
\:l,ip  the  north  point  on  the  outside.  In  iS7(Mhe  entrance  between  the  points  had  moved  to 
uhwaid  two  hundred  and  tliirty-three  yards  in  (Uie  year,  hut  iireservinj;  about  the  suiiic 

iTL'U  V  I' -'1 


'T    '^1 


Nil!.,. 


I'ACIKK"    >n.\vT    I'll.ul.  323 

Till'  ncojinipliiciil  |)()Hition  of  tlic  iKtrtliWfst  iniinl  ol'  Taldc  I'.liitV,  an  (IctoriiiiiiCMl  by  the  Coast 
ar.'l  (.fiiiU'lic  Siiivt'.v,  is 

l.aliliiilr 40     ir   H  '.:i  nortli. 

I,(iii«iliiilc 1-JI     111    li'.l   .1  west. 

itr.intiiMi' ^''    17'"  III".);. 

'I'll!'  iiiiijjiu'tic.  variation  was  is  J  l.V  t-ast  in  Jamiary,  l.ss,"»,  witli  an  annual  increase  of  I'.O. 
l!  has  bi'i'ii  pi'opusud  to  roniovt;  the  lliiniliuhit  Lii^iithuiiso  to  this  blull'. 

HUMBOLDT  BAY. 

'i'l;c  iMitraiice  to  this  hav  lies  sixfo«Mi  and  a  half  miles  north  seven  defrrees  east  (N.  "''  K.)  from 
('iipi'  I'lirtnnas;  and  the  Wiiistlin^'  IJnoy  otV  the  liar  lies  twenty-one  miles  north  one  dej^ree  west 
iN.  1  W.)  from  ("ape  Mendocino  Lifjlit  house  and  twenty-two  miles  north  I'leven  defrrees  east 
(N.  11     !■;.)  from  the  Whistlin.u  I'.uoy  otV  lilunt's  Heef. 

The  hay  itself  is  sitinited  parallel  with  the  (U)ast-line  immediately  lieliind  the  low  sand  S])it8 
anil  iliuies  Itetweeii  Taltle  llliitf  and  Mad  IJiver.  It  extends  four  miles  soutli  and  Tiine  niiles  north 
(if  ihc  entianec,  and  is  sharply  eontraeted  to  one  third  of  a  mile  in  width  between  liod  IJlulf  and 
till'  -until  point  of  the  entrance.     For  further  desei'i[ition  of  the  shores  ot  the  liay  see  paye  .'527. 

/;.(/  /.7»//' is  the  one  marked  feature  of  the  entrance  to  this  bay.  It  is  a  small  hillock  with 
two  liiccs  visible  from  seaward.  T;jo  northwest  face  is  oin  -third  of  a  mile  loiij;,  and  the  southeast 
l.iii'  ihe  same.  It  i.i  nearly  ll,,itopped,  with  the  liij^hest  jiart  ninety  si.x  feet  above  the  sea  at  the 
.•iiMu.inl  extremity,  with  a  {lentle  slope  thence  towards  the  iioitlieast.  The  northwest  face  is  steep 
ami  w.iier  worn,  preseiitiii}^  a  reddish  appearance  from  the  oxidation  of  iron  ore  in  the  fjravel ;  the 
suiiilirMst  tact!  is  also  steep  but  covered  with  >;rass,  and  iias  trees  under  it.  I>eliind  it  the  land 
l.ilN  IK  ally  to  the  level  of  the  bay,  and  a  stream  nearly  cuts  it  otf  from  the  mainland,  llumbohlt 
I  ■•itii.  i>iic  third  of  a  mile  lonj;,  stretches  southeastwardly  on  tlu'  line  of  the  northwest  face  of  the 
lilntl.  It  i-<  low,  reactlies  the  deep  water  leadinj;  to  the  south  aim  of  the  bay,  ami  has  a  few  houses 
iiliuii  11.    These  houses  are  seen  over  the  outer  spits  at  the  entrance. 

Oil  this  lilulV  the  [lilots  have  a  llaj^-stalV  to  raM};e  with  known  ]ioints  of  trees  on  the  I-u-qufi 
lliitir-,  by  which  raiifi'es  they  cross  the  bar  and  keep  the  run  of  its  chanjijes. 

riic  l(i\\  land  on  the  I'astein  shore  of  the  bay  northward  of  Ued  IiliitV  averajjes  half  a  mile  in 
uiilih  ami  extends  as  tar  as  Kureka,  gradually  cbanj;iiij;  to  marsh  and  bordered  by  hills  densely 
iciviiitl  with  redwood  forest. 

Tlic  comparative  isolation  in"  Ked  151utV  j;ives  it  tlie  appearance  of  an  island  when  the  haze 
scttirs  thickly  liehind  it. 

Tlif  I'.ntrnmv  to  lliimboldt  ISay  is  jiciierally  atioiit  half  a  mile  wide  between  the  two  low, 
<;iii(l.\  piiliits,  and  is  marked  by  Ited  I'.liilV  inside  ami. just  abi-.'ast  of  it ,  and  liy  the  Lij;ht-hoase  on 
llir  imiih  point.  To  the  southward  Talile  Uliitl',  ilescribei.  on  page  .'illl.',  is  tlie  landmark  for 
iiiuKliifr  It.  The  distanci' bet  Ween  the  northern  and  soutl.erii  points  varies  from  threeeiy;liths  to 
live  ii;;lillis  of  a  mile,  and  averaf^es  half  a  mile.  These  loii;;  sandy  iioints  at  the  entrance  to  "le 
!'i,\.  iiini  which  form  its  western  boundary,  are  known  as  the  Soiuu  Spit  or  Peninsula  and  the 
Nuiih  S|iit  or  I'eiiinsiila. 

The  Siiiitli  Sjiit,  separatinj;  the  soutliein  iiart  of  lluiubohlt  Hay  tiom  the  ocean,  is  formed  of 
iiiu  ^,111(1  iliiiies  and  j^rassy  liillocks,  and  has  no  tices  upon  it.  It  is  bordered  on  the  bay  side  by 
ii;ur<>v\  patclics  of  marsh.  It  is  three  and  three  ipiaiti'is  miles  loii^  Irom  Table  Hliilf,  and  in 
pl.irr.<  only  eij;hty  yards  across ;  tlu' widest  part  is  three  liniidred  and  titty  yards  between  hijj;h- 
«.iliT  marks. 

The  \in-tli  SpJt  or  Peninsula  avt'iai^es  half  a  mile  in  breadth  and  is  ten  and  a  half  miles  loiifj, 
rr.icliiii;;  l'r"m  witiiin  three-()uarters  of  a  mile  of  the  iiioiilli  of  Mad  Kiver.  Its  soutliein  extremity, 
111,11  the  Li;;ht-hoiise,  is  composed  of  low  dunes,  and  north  of  that  liifzlier  dunes,  cliaiigiii}^  into 
s.iiiily  and  f^rassy  hillocks  disposed  in  a  marked  manner  jiaiaJel  with  the  direction  ol  the  iiorlh- 
wi-i  wiial.s.  Two  miles  north  of  the  1-inlit -house  there  is  a  .stretch  of  one  mile  of  the  [leninsiila 
-paiMl,\  eoveri'd  with  tiees.  then  an  open  sjiace  of  one  ii  ile,  after  which  the  line  of  forest  trees  is 
iiiilirukcii.  The  hi;.'liest  dunes  are  about  eif;lity  ti\c  feet  abo\f  the  sea,  and  the  weod  and  uiider- 
^iiiuih  are  especially  dense  on  the  bay  side.  On  this  peninsula  aie  several  stock  lanches;  there 
N  iNu  11  sawmill  on  the  bay  side  nearly  oppositt'  Hiicksiioit,  and  an  extensive  shii)-yard  u  little 
III  il'c  iKirtii  of  it. 


'■  \ 

.  ■ 

1. 

jj 

ii 

i 

! 

i,: 

i    I 


I'.  i 
I. 


111 


m 


t  ' 


,^  '.V 


324 


rACll'lf   COAST   PILOT. 


T^^    IIUMIIOI.DT  BAR. 


liiko  the  ontrances  to  all  tlio  rivcr.-i  '.iiid  Im.vs  on  tliis  coast,  tliis  has  a  bar,  wIimjIi  iiiidor^rdrN 
irrofiular  rliaiip's,  (lt>|it>ii<lin;;  much  upon  the  iircvalcucc,  tlircction,  and  stn'ii};tli  of  tiic  wind  ;i'  ! 
.swell,  ui"iii  the  <lir('cti()ii  of  tlio  old)  current  thronjih  the  eutiniice.  and  doid)tless  upon  tiie  voliiinc 
of  fresh  water  hrou^'lit  down  by  tlu'  streams  entering;  tlie  ba\ .  The  deplh  of  water  on  the  1mi 
ranjies  froui  twelve  to  twenty  four  feet  at  low  waii  i.  The  widtii,  direction,  and  |iosition  of  the  l.n 
vary  irrejiniarly.  Trie  north  and  south  spits  also  cut  away  ami  I'eforiii.  The  history  of  the  |piiii- 
eii)al  chanj,'es  was  noted  in  the  last  »'(lition  and  need  not  be  i'e|)eated  or  cnlarjied  upon. 

l''rom  experiments  made  in  IS.'il  we  found  the  ebb  current  in  the  channel  to  run  three  uw'.i'- 
Mcr  hour,  with  ii  niaxiinum  velocity  of  four  and  fi\e  uides  between  the  north  and  soutii  points  n| 
the  entrance. 

DIUKCTIONS   l''OR   UrMHdl.DT    ItAlt. 

I'mler  the  above  varyinji  conditions  of  the  bar  and  ehannel  no  sailiu};  directiruis  can  be,  ;;i\iM, 
bei!ause  chanj;es  may  occur  immediately  after  an  examination.  As  the  liar  has  always  had  !lu' 
services  of  sujierior  jiilotatje  and  towa^je,  the  best  advice  we  can  oiler  in  re;;ard  to  enteiiii;,'  ihr 
bay  is  to  wait  for  the  pilDt  Imj.  When  vessels  are  .seen  approaching'  the  bar,  a  llaj;  is  hoisttd  .iii 
the  tlafi-stalV  on  Ked  iilulV  and  the  lii;^  jjoes  out  to  tow  them  in  :  if  the  bar  is  heavy  and  llif  in,' 
can  not  cross  it,  yet  (Minsiders  it  safe  tor  the  vessel  to  cross,  she  lies  clo.se  inside  the  bar  and  scis  ;i 
.si^'ual  at  the  mast-head  for  the  vessel  to  run  for.  A  stian;;er  slioiild  not  under  any  ciirumstam  is 
attempt  to  cross  the  bar  without  a  iiilot.     There  are  .several  powerful  tu;;.s  with  skilful  pilots. 

N'essels  approachiiifx  at  ni};lit  can  run  aloii},'  in  twenty  to  fifteen  fathoms  of  water.  :iimI 
iiothin;C  h'ss,  until  the  li^lit  bears  east  and  wait  for  daylight.  In  thick  weather  run  aloii;,'  in  ilir 
same  depth  of  water  until  the  Whistliuj;  liiioy  otV  the  liar,  or  the  sleain  fo;:\vhis|le  at  the  Ll-ht- 
house  is  heard  ami  bearing;  east  ;  then  anchor  until  the  \\\<^  comes  out. 

Ih/ilnKintpliii. — The  souiidiii;j;8  otl'  the  bar  are  veiy  uniform  over  a  sandy  bottom.  'I'lie  (|r|riii 
iiicreases  y;iadiially  to  sixteen  fathoms  at  two  miles,  and  to  twenty  the  fathoms  at  four  miles.  A 
depth  of  forty  fathoms  is  found  at  si.\  to  .seven  miles  oil'  siioie.     Westward  and  broad  nil  ihc 

entrance  the  depth  ajipears  to  increase  ra|iidly  after  passing  the  onehundred'fathom  line  at  al i 

seventeen  miles,  i'.nd  leache.s  two  hundred  and  twenty  fathoms  at  tweiitythree  miles,  over  a  I'nt 
toll!  of  ;;;reeii  mud. 

^'iimittn. —  In  the  spriiif;  of  l.S."il.  when  lyin;;'  otf  the  bar  for  two  weeks  in  lieavy  soiitin  isi 
weather,  we  found  that  the  drilt  of  the  current,  at  tburor  live  miles  olVshor;-,  was  to  thv  iic  ih 
ward. 

In  the  Biiminei'  of  bSCu,  when  a  few  miles  oil'  the  bar.  we  fouml  the  ebb  current  rui;iiiii^'  u>  -i 
northwest  from  the  bar.  settin^c  tl  ;    vessel  well  oil  shore. 

In  till'  slimmer  of  isTd.  in  prolon};ed  calm  weather,  we  found  the  inshore  eddy-current  iiiaKiii;' 
to  the  northward  past  Cape  Mendocino  about  one  and  a  ipiarter  iiiih's  per  hour  for  iiffeeii  mile--  .ill 
shore;  outside  of  that  limit  the  lairreut  wa.s  ruuiiiii;;  to  the  soiithwai'd. 

Nine  iniies  south  Ibity-two  and  a  half  dej;rees  west  (S.  4L'A  \V.)  from  the  li;;lit-lioiise.  mhI 
live  and  a  half  miles  broad  otl  shore,  a  current  stati<ui  was  incidentally  occupied  for  two  (la_\-  ::i 
.luly.  ISTl',  in  calm  weather.  'I'he  depth  of  water  was  eiffliteeii  fathoms  over  line  ^ra\  saml  ami 
mini.  The  {jeueral  set  of  the  current  was  to  ihe  south  and  southwest  from  thieci-tenths  to  ii:iic 
tenths  of  a  mile  per  hour,  except  dm  in;;  the  stren;;th  of  the  lar^jest  ebb  of  the  day  when  there  ":n 
a  feeble  set  to  the  northwest. 

HUMHOI.DT    IlAV    I.ltillT  llOfsr.. 

This  is  a  secondary  sea-coast  Li^'lil,  located  on  the  North  .Spit  or  Teniusula,  three-«piartri^  i>\ 
a  mile  north  of  the  entrance  to  the  bay  and  about  miilway  between  the  bay  and  the  sim  siinii's. 
It  lies  nearly  one  and  a  half  miles  north  Ibrty  tour  de;;rees  west  (N.  41^  W.)  from  l!ed  I'.lii:  .  li 
consists  of  a  keepei's  dwelliii;,'  of  one  and  a  half  stories,  with  a  circular  tower  (the  frustiipi  "i  i 
t^oiie)  risin;j  twenty-one  feet  above  the  center  of  the  roof.  Moth  are  built  of  brick,  pl.i  i  mi!, 
painted  white,  and  surmounted  by  an  iron  lantern,  the  dome  and  balustrade  of  which  arc  p  <:<! 
red.  The  la;;lit  was  first  exhibited  on  Di  cember  L'O.  IS.'id,  and  shows  from  sunset  to  sunrise  '  "' 
irhiti-  liylit  of  the  Iburth  .irder  of  the  .system  of  iMesnel,  and  illuminates  the  entire  horizon     H"' 


I'AC'IKIC   COAST   PILOT.  325 

Ihiitlit  (if  tlio  tower  Iroin  base  to  I'Dcal  plane  is  forty. live  feet,  and  tlic  focal  i)Iiinc  is  (ifty-tliroo  feet 
iiiidve  llio  mean  level  of  the  sea.    The  li^'ht  should  he  seen  in  clear  weather  from  a  heijjht  of— 

10    (ui't   lit    It  <liNtUII<'l>  of    Vi      Illill'H, 

'M  ti'i'l    Hi  II  ilJHlaiii'K  of  Kit  liiilrs. 
:I0  fri'l   111  a  ilJHliinro  of  I  1)  Mlili'X. 

Its  peop-aphieal  position,  as  determined  by  the  IJ.  S.  Coast  and  (leodetie  Survey,  is: 

l.aliliiclr   Ill     Ki'    (lliKirlli. 

I.iiliuilllili'  I'JI     111     14     west. 

Or,  ill  liiiif .""'   Il)"'  .VJMt. 

I'niMi  the  li<:lit  the  hearings  and  distances  to  luominent  olijects  aic  as  Iniiows: 

(',l|M'  Mrliilnciliii  I.i!,'llllMMIsc S.  :i!  W  .  'JI*lniliH. 

illiiiil'N  Kift.  (llCiipi' Mriicldcino S.  l:ii  \V.  -".'l  iiiiiiH. 

('ii|H'  l'ortiMi:iH,  1'':iIm' (':i|ii>  l.'iick S,  '.I  \V.  ITjiiiilrH. 

'I'liiiiiliiil  lliilil  l.ijjIilliiiii.Mi \.  ' '.  \V.  IT     luilrs. 

CiTHii'Mt  Cil.v  l.i;;lilliiin»i' N.  IT(  W.  .'I'.l    inilcH. 

SI.  (iiMirKr'H  lii'i  r  I  ii|ii|iiiHrcl  li);lit  )• N.  S.i  \V.  til     iiiiliH. 

(aim  Oilonl  l.i^-lillnmsn N.  •.'.'i  l\!r>    iiiilcN. 

A  ii;;lit  on  Hi'd  UinlV.  which  is  nearly  one  IiiiimIumI  feet  liiy;!',  woiihl  always  serve  as  a  leading 
r,iii;;c',  as  the  llajr-stalV  and  ensi;;n  placed  then-  aie  now  lliiis  used  by  the  pilots.  It  would  lio 
ili>liii;:iiishable  readily  at  sea,  when  the  pifseiit  one  iiii|;ht  lit>  obscured  by  the  mist  haiifiiufj  over 
till  >iiif  on  the  beach.  Unriii^  the  day  the  white  buildings  would  be  a  capital  mark  a;;aiiist  the 
;;iiin  hills  and  trees  in  the  back;;i'(Miud.  This  view,  now  and  formerly  «'.\pre8sed,  has  been 
n  |ii;ii(tlly  anil  earnestly  uryed  upon  our  attention  by  many  captains,  merchants,  and  the  pilots 
I'l  lluiiiholdt  ]>ay. 

I''0(i-W1IISTI-K   AT   IHMHOI.DT   l.KillT  HOfi-K. 

This  is  a  twelve-inch  stt'am-whistle,  which  {jives  tillnmilf  hlitals  of  Jntir  xccuntJs  and  rii/lif  sccoikIs 
Willi  iiili  rr<tl.s  of  twrntitfiiur  scvonih.  The  house  coutainin;;'  the  si^Mial  apparatus  is  situated  bt^tween 
llir  l.l^'ht-hoiise  and  the  bay-beach. 

I.i/i miriiDi  tSttilidii. — A  tlist class  l.ife-saviu};  Station,  with  permanent  crew,  boats,  and  other 
lili  siMii;;  apparatus,  is  established  at  Humboldt  Mutrance,  and  located  on  the  bay-beach  of  the 
iiniiii  peiiiusulii  almost  east  or  abreast  of  the  I.i<;ht'house  and  fo^j-si^fiiul  buildiu^^s. 

Bt'OYS   I'OI!    Ill  MliOLDT   BAY    AM)  Ari'KOAClIKS. 

.\  tiist-elass  irliistlimj  buoji  has  bt'cn  placed  about  one  mile  outside  the  bar  in  sixteen  fathoms 
(il  water  over  hard,  sandy  bottom.  It  is  painted  with  hlml:  dtid  irliitc  inriwinlivKhir  stripes.  The 
hIi  -.lie  is  sounded  by  the  action  of  the  sea;  the  heavier  the  sea  the  louder  the  blasts,  which 
-"niiiid  about  twenty  or  tiiiity  times  a  minute. 

'riicre  is  jjood  anclioiaj:e  around  the  whistling;  buoy  while  a  vessel  is  waitiiifj  for  a  i)ilot. 

I  roiu  this  buoy  the  Ibllowiiij;-  bcariii^js  and  tlistances  are  j;i\eu  to  near  and  iiiiportant  objects: 

IIiiimImiIiII  l.i;,'lit-liiMisc' N.  -f,  i:.  U  iiiili'M. 

ri:iK-'<tiill  (111  Kill   llliill' .'^.  fill  1'..  •-"(  iiiiliN- 

Oiilil- i'ilj;r  111'  'I'aiilr    lilllll' S.    II  Iv  .'.  IlliliM. 

Wliistliii;;  liiiiiy  nil   Kliinl's  K'ri'f,  Capi'  M Inriiiu S.    II  \V.  -J--'  mill's. 

Tiiiililail   lliiiil   l.iKlilliiiiiw N-  U  \V.  IT  mills. 

Cri'Nci'iit  City   l,ii;lil-li'msi> N.  Ill  \V.  ,'i-<  milo.s 

Tlu"  bcarin;;  of  the  bar  is  not  j;iven  because  it  chautres  its  position  too  freiiucutly. 

Mill  iliaiiHil  l!<tf  llito)) — .\  .siCDiiilrliiss  <•((///<(("//.  painted  with  hlack  nml  irliitf  iK'rpcndiciilar 
V////IC.V,  has  been  placed  in  nine  fathoms  of  water  over  hard,  sandy  bottom  juxt  milnid)'  the  hnvLcrs 
•III  ihi  liiir.  it  IS  one  and  three-eighths  miles  west  iiy  .south  live-eighths  south  (NV.  by  S.  ^  S.)  from 
Hi"  iliiiiiliohlt  Light. 

Ilniriinl  Spit  />»(ii/.— This  is  a  tliirdclass  nun  hiwti  painted  with  red  itnd  irliilf  hotizinitiil  stripes. 
l!  IS  placed  oil  the  western  extremity  of  the   hard,  sandy  spit   iiiaking  out  one-cpiarter  of  a  mile 

'The  Miirlliwi'sfrriiiniist  nuk  ol'llir  ('rrscriit  City  Uri'l". 


k  ¥ 


:  li 


't*  i«. 


~  i;;.' 


326 


I'AriKlC   COAST    PILOT. 


from  (lie  iiortliwcst  I'licc  of  \Ud  I'lliilV,  and  lot'iilly  known  as  llowanl  S])it.     It  lii's  in  lliiiictMi  Ik  i 
of  water  ovtT  liaid,  sandy  lidltoin.     Finni  it  arc  jfivcn  llu>  following;  lM'ai'in;,'s  and  distancfs: 

Ki'cl  llliill.  lii;;lic'>l  iMiiiit SK.  }  S.  I  mile. 

Iluiiilinldl   l.inlilliiiii-.' WWV,  U  iiiilcH. 

liunj  CHI  liiw  1  r  411(1  111'  iiiiililli'  ;;niiiiiil  in  tlir  soiilli  .iiiii  cil'  llir  |p:iy     S.  \i\  W.   1  \V.         ;  iiiilr, 

Tlu>  lliiwai'd  S|iit   Ituoy    must  lit'  left  on  tiio  slarlxiard   iiami   wIkmi  Ixnind  to  l'',ni't>ka  or  tlir 
tiortli  arm  of  tlii'  lias  ;  and  on  tiic  port  liaml  when  luinnd  to  tlic  soiitli  arm  of  the  liay. 

IHOVS   To   MAUIv   Tin;    TASSAdK   To   TlIK     NoKril    AI!M    uK   Tlir.    IIW,   (JKNKUAl.l.V    CAt.I.Iil)   Till: 

KIKDKA    CIIANM-.l.. 


% 


Jiiiiii/  A'li.  -. — Tliis  is  a  llilnl  chixs  innlnniy.  pniiilnl  red  ami  niimhirid   'J,  idacc'i  in  twehc  ii . : 
of  wattT  o\ci-  iiaid.  saiidv  liottoin,  and  must    he  Idt  on  ilic  starWoard   hand    wlicn  riitfriiij;.     N. 


lK'arin.:;s  can  be  "In en   liccansc  the  clianiud  I'liannrs.     It    is  alncast  tin' liiil  of  llic  nortli  spii 


|l||      Ml 


]ieiiinsnla. 

Jlimi/  .Yii.  I. — This  is  a  tliinl  class  nun  liiiiii/,  jniintnl  hhuU  ami  numhcnd    \,  plact'd  in   Imiili 
fci't  of  water  over  hard,  sandv  liottom,  and  must  tic  Icit  on  the  port  hand  in  cntciiii;;.     it  is  m 


I  Ihi' 

north  side  of  the  channel  alioiit  one  mile  south  bv  east  seveneij;hths  east  (S.  Iiy  i;.  ;  !•;.)  iidm 
lliimliolilt  Li;;lit. 

Iliioy  \ii.  .!. — This  is  a  tliinl  class  nitn-lmoi/,  painted  lilac};  and  nnmhcrcd  ,'5,  placed  in  titlci  n 
feet  of  water  o\cr  haid,  sandy  liottom  and  innst  lie  Ict'l  on  the  port  hami  in  entering.  It  is  tlnvr 
ipiarteis  of  ii  mile  sontliea>t  seven  ci;;htlis  south  (Sll.  ;  S.)  from  the  Lij;hthonse. 

liiioii  .V".  l, — This  is  a  lliird  class  canlmnji.  painted  red  and  ntimhcrcd  J,  placed  in  eiuliicii! 
feet  of  water,  and  must  he  left  on  the  starlioaid  hand  in  entering'.  No  liearinjis  can  lie  ^i\rii 
liecanse  the  channel  ehan;;('s. 

Indian  Island  Spit  Itiioi/. — ( )ne  (jnartt'r  of  a  mile  south  of  the  southern  e\ticniit.\  ol  IimIi.ih 
Island,  where  tiic  shoal  spit  divides  the  main  <haiincl  into  two,  one  ruiinin};  towar<ls  I'lureka  ami 
the  other  lietweeii  the  north  peiiinsida  ami  Indian  Island  t<i\\ards  Mad  Kivcr  and  Aicala,  tliin'  l^ 
\}hu't-^\  A  third  class  nan  hiaiji,  paintcti  irith  lilach  and  red  huriiinital  stripes.  It  lies  in  ten  feri  ni 
water  o\cr  hard,  samly  hot  lorn.  I'aithcr  on  the  spit  when  the  water  shoals  toei;,'lit  Icet  the  liotimn 
is  sticky.  Vessels  lioiind  for  I^urcUa  lca\  i'  this  liuoy  on  the  port  haml :  and  those  lionnd  for  Arc.ii.i 
or  the  Mad  liiver  channel  leave  it  on  the  slarlioard  hand.  I'roin  this  liuoy  the  follovvinj;  lieariiii;^ 
are  given  to  prominent  ohjects: 

Siiu  luill  Wliaif M;.  liv  i;.  i  i:.         <  nnli'. 

Sciutli  iiuiiil  111'  Indian  Ihland N.  liy  Ii.  j  11.  J  iiiilc. 

Klaiii^jan's  W  liar  I",  l■a^t  ^idc  id'  lln'  (■haiiinl Smuli.  3  iiiili'. 

Sdiith  Hay  Itniii/. — Aliout  half  a  mile  south  of  the  passajre  to  the  sonthern  arm  ot'  llumlinlil! 
I'.ay  the  channel  disides  into  two  branches.  On  the  north  iioiiit  of  the  middle  ^;ronnd  lieturin 
them  there  is  placed  a  tliied  I'lass  nnnlniai/  painted  a-itli  nd  anil  hlacl;  hurizantal  stripes.  It  lii'>  in 
ten  tect  tif  water  over  hard.  satid\  bottom.  \'essels  ni  passiiiji  up  the  eastern  liranch  to  l''iil.U' 
Landin;;  and  llnokton  Iea\e  this  buoy  on  the  starlniaid  hand,  givin;:  it  a  ;;ood  berth;  tli"~i' 
]iassinj;  np  tiie  wi>terii  branch  to  .M\eis'  l.andin;;  !ea\c  it  on  the  port  hand.  l'"rom  this  buoy  ilic 
following;  lieai'iii;:s  and  distances  are  t,'iven  to  prominent  objects: 

i;.d  I'.liiiil'laustall' M;.  1  N. 


Ildwaid  Spit  Itiuiy 
Ihinibiildt  l.i>;lil  In 


N,  li.v  i:.  i  !■; 
N.  5  W. 


.;  iiiiif 

'■i  nillc 
1^  lllilc 


In  the  North  I'.av  the  channel  to  Areata   Wliaif 


is  niaiked  near  its  u|iper  i-eac 


les  w  II  h    |i 


on  the  port  hand,  anil  one  liaircl  beacon  on  the  staiboanl.  In  the  .South  liay  the  channel  in 
llookton  l.andiii;.'  is  marked  li\  beacons  on  eithi'i'  side  ol  the  channel,  commeiicin;;  less  than  liill' 
a  mile  from  roinl  llninboldi. 

JlnidJiin  Cliannil. — .\  sinijle  pile  heacan,  iiainted  ml  and  nnnilnrid  i*.  has  been  placed  on  liie 
west  side  uf  the  ehaiiiiel,  aliout  halfway  from  I'oint  lliiinboldt  to  the  wharf  at  field's  Landing',  m 
mark  a  shaip  liiiii  in  the  cliannei.  It  is  nine  hundred  yards  north  by  west  half  west  (N.  by  'A  .  A  W .) 
from  the  northern  cud  of  field's  Landing. 

.V  simile  pile  heanHi  painted  red,  and  nnmhered  (i,  has  been  jiliieed  on  the  end  of  a  shoal  i»ii 
''jniidred  and  fortv  \aids  from  the  northern  side  of  the  eiitrain-e  to  Clark's  Slough. 


rAcii'K;  COAST  rii.oT. 


327 


Hiinka. — A  siiifjlc  y*//''  hcition  |iiiiiit('(l  willi  ><7/ ((/k/ /(/(k/,- liaiiils  lias  liccii  placed  lictwci'ii  tlu> 
('ii\  wliailaiiil  Iniliiiii  I>laii<l  to  mark  tin-  ciiil  of  tlir  sliual  ;:i'(iMnil  at  the  iniicliiiii  of  iMirt'ka 
Sli<ii;;li  atiil  llu^  cliaiiiifl  frdiii  tlit^  iipiMT  hay,  on  Ww  soiitlicast  side  ol'  Indian  Island,  it  is  halt'  a 
iiiili<  (iiIih'  liiinilrcd  an<l  scM-iit.v  t'lvc  yaiiis)  east  b.v  north  live cijihihs  north  ^i;.  h\  N.  ;  N.)  IVom 
till  south  end  of  Indian  Island. 

liriila  ('hdiuirl. — The  ehaniu'l  t()  .Vreala,  on  the  iioithwest  shie  of  Indian  Island,  has  lieeii 
iiiuliedli.V  six  lieaeons.  Three  ol  tln'se  Iteaeons  aie  painted  ml,  and  iiiniihiiiil  nsiifrhrcli/  8, 
l(t,  and  12;  three  are  painted  /</(((7,-,  and  iiiinihi  rnl  riKinctirrlii  ,'>.  T.  iird  JK  In  pioeeedin;;  to 
.\i(',ila  keep  the  red  Iteaeons  on  the  starlioard  hand  ami  tlie  lil.iek  lieaenns  on  the  port  hand. 

The  following; distances  and  liearin;;s  from  the  northern  extremity  ot'  Indian  Island  lociitu 
ilii  --r  In  ;^'',,ns  : 

jUai No.  S,  seven  hundred  and  ei;;hty  yards  west  se\enei;:hths  south  |\V.  ;  S.)  ;  No,  10, 

Hi'vrnlccn  hnmlred  yards,  northeast  one  (pnirtcr  east  (M!.  |  i:.);  No.  IL',  a  mile  anil  a  halt' 
(iliice  thonsaml  on««  hundred  ami  lil'ly  yaiils)  northeast  oneipiartcr  math  (Nil.  ',  N.).  Ileacon 
Nil.  .").  half  ii  ndle  (one.  thousand  one  hundred  yards)  mirtheast  se\fn-ei;;liths  north  (NIO.  ;  N.); 
Nil.  ,,  one  ami  one  half  miles  (two  thonsand  nine  liniidred  yards)  northeast  live cij^hths  north 
iM;.  :  N.);  No.  !•,  two  miles  (Ibnr  thousand  and  se\enty  live  yaids;  noitheast  three-cii;hths  north 
(M:.  :N.). 

Tiili-1  lit  llumholill  liiii/. — The  tides  are  of  the  nsnal  I'acitic  Coa.-t  type,  there  liein;,''  om-  lar;;o 
ami  ii:ie  small  tide  diirin;!:  each  day.  The  heij;hts  of  t«o  successive  hi^h  waters  (occnrrin;j  oik* 
in  ilie  rniirnin;;  and  one  in  the  al'leiiu>on  of  the  same  twenty  tonr  lionrs)  and  the  intervals  from 
llir  next  preeeilin;;'  transit  of  the  moon  are  \tiy  dilV/icnt.  The>e  irre,i;nlarities  depend  npon  the 
iiiiiiiii's  declination.  They  disappear  near  the  time  that  the  nuHin's  declination  is  nothing;  and 
;iii'  greatest  ali'iiit  the  tinu'  that  the  declination  is  the  greatest.  The  incipialities  for  low  water 
;irr  iidt  the  same  as  for  hi{jh,  although  they  disappear  and  ha\c  the  ;;icalest  valne  at  lu'iirly  the 
siiiin-  llnics. 

When  the  ,'ioon's  declination  is  north,  the  hijiherof  the  two  hi;^h  tides  of  the  twetiiy  four 
Ikkh^  occnis  at  llnmlioldt  iMitiance  altonl  1 1'' dil"  after  the  moon's  transit;  and  when  tliedccli- 
iiaii'iM  IS  .south  the  hij;her  of  the  two  hi^h  tides  occurs  alioiii  !'■  L'lr"  before  tiie  moon's  transit.  The 
Id  Wit  111   the  two  low  waters  of  the  day  is  the  one  w  liicli  follows  the  liinhcr  of  tin*  lii^h  waters. 

Tin  (iirnctnl  l\stiil)linliiiii  lit,  or  iiieaii  iiitcr\al  lietwccn  the  lime  of  the  moon's  transit  and  the 
lime  df  liidh  water,  is  N  1'' ,'{!i"  ;  ami  the  dillcrciici'  lietwccn  the  jzrcalcst  and  least  of  the  intervals 
i>  1    II "'.     'I'he  mean  ri.se  and  fall  of  i  ides  is  four  and  four  tenths  tcet  ;  of  the  sjninj;  tides  ti\  c  and 

Ii.ilf  feet  ;  and  of  the  neap  tides  three  and  one  half  lect.     The  mean  duration  of  the  tlood  is 

ti    1  I   ,  and  of  tin*  elili  •>''  1 1'",  reckoning,'  from  the  middle  of  one  stand  to  tin   middle  ot"  the  next. 

I  lie  a\  er.i;;('  ditVcreiice  liet  ween  the  t'oriccted  I'slalilishineiil  of  the  a.  m.  and  p.  lii.  tides  of  the 
s.iiiic  day  is  P'  1.'!'"  for  lii;.;h  water  and  )''  (M  for  low  water.  These  dill'erences,  when  the  moon's 
ill  iliiialion  is  dreiiiest,  are  L"' O'.l'"  and  l''.'!S"'.  'J'he  a\  era;;!' ditVereiice  in  lii'i;;ht  ot'  these  tides  in 
diic.iiiil  lliree  tenths  feet  for  t  lie  liiuli  w  aters.  and  two  anil  one  tenth  feet  lor  |  ne  low  waters.  When 
till- iiiodii's  declination  is  ;;reatest,  these  ditVereiices  are  t  wo  ami  onetelitli  feet  and  three  and  foiir- 
liiil lis  feet,  respeetively.  The  average  ilillercnce  between  the  liiuher  lii;;li  and  lower  low  waters 
dj  I  lie  same  day  is  six  and  one  tenth  feet,  and  w  Inn  the  moon's  declination  is  ^  real  est,  seven  and 
din'  lentil  feet. 

'I'd  lind  the  times  and  hei^'hls  ot'  the  tides  at  ilnmbohlt  l!ay.  take  I  hem  from  the  daily  tide  table 
r<>:  \Nioria,  and  then  for  the  lii;;li  waters  subtract  one  ho  ir  and  six  ininntes  tor  the  time  and  sub- 
it  in  diic  and  se\  cut  li  tent  lis  feet  for  the  lieidhi  ;  fur  the  low  waters  subtract  one  hour  and  nineteen 
iiiiiiiites,  and  take  the  hei;;ht  unchanp'd. 

'I'lie  time  of  lii^li  water  is  ei;;lilecn  minutes  later  a  I  l!iireka,  and  the  liei;;ht  I  wo  tent  lis  of  a  foot 
li:.;licr:  llie  time  of  low  water  is  tweiitv  ininntes  later,  and  the  height  onetcnth  ot' a  foot  less. 


•m 


INsmi.:  TIIK  KNTlJANi'i;   To   IllMliOl.HI    f.AV. 


."^diitli  of  the  entrance  the  bay  expands  to  two  miles  in  width  and  tuns  close  up  to  the  north 
l.iridf  Table  IMiilV.  The  single  channel  iiinniii^' into  this  southern  i>ait  of  the  bay  divides  into 
'^>d  ii.iijow  and  crooked  ones  which  decrease  in  depth  from  three  fathoms  to  one;  all  the  rest 
>lid«sa  bare  mild-llat  at  low  tides.  One  channel  iiiiis  into  the  llookton  Slou;;li  at  the  southeast 
iiii-leof  the  bay,  and  steamers  iiin  one  and  a  hall'  miles  up  this  slouch  to  llookton  baiidiiid-,  a 
'liiarler  of  a  mile  below  the  villaj,'e  of  llookton.      I'he   liiitcd  Slates   iMi.nineers  are  died^in^'  this 


i,il.;;: 


km 


'1 


)   I 


I 


H 


'iW- 


i- 


'^  Ji. 


M 


in 


328 


I'Aciiic  COAST  rii.or. 


rlianiu'l  to  fiivi- toil  ti'ct  at  liiw  water.  It  is  inarkfil  In  iiilcs  on  citlu-r  sido.  Tlic  otlitT  rlianiirl 
runs  (liivctl.v  tiiwanls  tlio  <l('|iri's>i<iii  in  Talilc  lUiilV  tliroii);])  tlic  niiilillc  i>l'  thi-  llals  tu  .M.mi' 
Laniliii;.' Ill' S(iiiiii|iort.  wht'ic  a  wliaif  aliiiosi  lialf  a  iiiili'  in  lfii<;tli  is  Imill  tint  to  iliiii  \\al<  . 
This  laiiiliii^'  is  now  al>aniiiiiiril  ami  tin*  wliail' is  Incajkiii:;  up.  A  in-w  lainliii^'  callnl  Ht  Ill's  I.nu  . 
/«(// is  now  cstalili. '  'il  in  tlif  llooktmi  clianni'I,  one  ami  a  iialf  iiiilcs  sontli  soiit)i*>asl  IVoin  i 
t'litiiini't'  to  t1it>  h\\\  ami  sfvcn  ci^^litiis  ol'  a  niilr  soiitli  .soiitlit'ast  riinii  l'<>iiit  lliiiiilioidt.  A  wli.ii 
is  Imlll  li('i(>  at  tiic  tciniiniis  ol' a  railioait  i'oiuiii<,'  from  llic  I'^rl  KImt  Nalicv  aail  ]>i('i'('in;; 'I'ai.' 
niulV  liy  a  tnniitl. 

Tilt'  t'at'f  of  this  whai'l',  ]iai'ailrl  to  the  ciianiii'l.  is  iicailv  tliK'c  hnnili'fil  yards  Ion;;  and  h.i^ 
nearly  tlin'o  I'atlioiiis  t)l"  water  aloii;,'sJdc  ol'  it. 

AltreasI  tiie  elitraliei'.  Iiet«eeii  Ited  riiiilVaml  I'.ik  llixer,  the  hay  is  one  iiiile  wide,  wiili  jirohl 
tlals  nnder  tile  eastern  shore  and  extensive  sands,  iiaie  at  low  water,  lyiii;,'  midway  lielween  IIh 
opposite  shores  and  rnnniii;;  nearly  parallel  with  tlieni.  Theiiee  to  the  mirthward  the  a\i'rii,r 
width  ot'  the  hay  is  half  a  mile  tor  a  distane*-  of  three  and  a  half  miles.  Il  then  expands  inl"  .1 
liroad,  shallow  sheet  ol  water,  known  as  the  Norili  Hay,  with  seNcial  iiiarsli\  islands  lunderiii- 
the  .southeast  part.  This  Itroad  hay  is  lioiden-d  by  extensive  marshy  ^;roiiiidH  with  8loii;:lis 
lliidii;:h  them.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  bare  at  low  water,  showing;  mud  tiats,  lhron;;h  wliieh  t  un 
or  three  crooked  ehaniiels  lead   to  the  sloii;ihs.     In  the  ehanind  way  elose  nnder  the  north  peii:ii 


ila  not  less  than  three  fallionis  niav  lie  carried,  iiiei'easin;;    tor  three  miles  to  six  and  a 


li.ill 


fathoms;  and  this  ehaiinel  is  ]iroloii;;ed  to  a  sloii;:h  leading;  tliroii;;li  the  maisliy  land  at  llie 
iiorthwist  aiiu'le  of  the  lia.N  nearly  to  the  month  of  .MatI  i{i\er,  and  known  as  Mad  Kiver  Slon.^li. 
A  narrow  c.iiial  has  liccn  cut  to  connect  M.id  IJixer  with  the  he, id  of  this  sloii;^li,  tliroii;jh  wlii.ii 
sawlo;:s  wcie  foriiierls  liron;:iit  t'luiii  the  loy;;in;;  camps  in  Mad  i;i\er  \'alley  to  the  saw  milN  in 
llnnilioldt  K.iy.  It  is  not  improhalile  that  at  one  time  Mad  Kiver  was  th'.' ^reat  feeder  to  I  liim 
boldt  lla,\  and  eiinitied  into  it's  nortluvest  aii;:h'.  At  present  only  three  slioil,  small  streams  ciiiii 
it  fiom  the  east — .laeolis'  and  Freshwater  Creeks  in  the  north  bay  and  Mowitcli  or  KIk  liiver  mic 
mile  north  ot'  the  eiitianee. 

On  llnmbiildt  I'oint,  under  the  south  side  of  Ited  ItliitV,  is  the  villa;;e  of  llnnilioldt.  'Inn 
miles  iKMlli  of  the  entrance  and  on  the  isistern  side  of  the  bay  is  situated  the  town  of  linekspmi. 
otV  which  there  was  at  one  time  a  depth  of  three  and  a  half  fathoms  of  water  w  ithin  one  IiiiimIi'  •! 
and  lli'ly  ,\  aids  of  the  shore.  In  \^~\  we  found  the  sawmill  located  there  abandoned  and  tlir 
place  descited.     The  banks  had  been  badly  cut  away. 

In  issii  there  was  a  broad  wharf  here,  bnt  the  ciianMcl  to  the  southward  was  <'loscd,  and  only 
ten  feet  of  water  cindd  be  had  at  the  wharf  when  it  was  a;i|iidaclied  from  the  nortliwaid. 

The  military  station  of  I'oit  lliimboldt  was  on  a  reservation  on  the  bliilf  about  one  iiiiielii'l 
feet  hi;;h  and  immediately  behind  Ibieksport.  It  is  aliamloned.  Some  of  the  biiildin-s  -!  II 
remain. 

On  the  same  side  of  the  bav  and   four  miles  north  of  the  entrance  is  the  thriviiiy;  eir.  nl 


ICiireka,  with  seveinl   h 


iw.  marsiiv  islam 


Is  directly  abieast  of  it.     'j'he  |iassa;,'e  between  the  waiii 


front  of  lluieka  ami  the  nearest  ishr.il  to  the  nortliwaid  is  onl\  two  lriiidre(l  yards  wide,  tiiid  a! 
the  set  I  lenient  of  the  place  It  had  nearly  tliiee  fathoms  of  watci'  in  it,  but  the  month  of  this  |>a>>;i;:r 
Ii'adin;;  to  the  main  chaiiml  liati  only  >e\eii  or  ei;,'lit  feet,     The  tow  n  was  laid  out  betoie  this  liiUri 


act  was  di-coNcicd.     'I  h 


e  clianiiel  is  now  lieili; 


dred^'cd  bv  the  I'liited  States  Kn>'ineeis.     \ 


lie  at  the  w]i;i|\fs  to  load  liimlier  and  uroilnce,  and  rest  on  tlie  niml  at  low  tide, 


llilleka  is  the  j^iial  lill 


iilier  ceiilcr  of  this  rei^ion.  ai 


III  its  ship! 


iiiiL'  IS  enormous. 


N 


o  less  I  mm 


ei^'ht  raili'oads,  some  of  considerable  leii;;tli,  are  built  from  various  ]ioiiits  on  the  shores  ot'  II  im 
boldt  r.ay  to  tap  the  vast  forest  re;,'ioiis  sniroiimliiii:  il,  imdiidint;  also  the  I'.el  liivcr  and  \|  ni 
liiver  N'alk-ys,  Many  of  the  sawmills  (or  mannfaetnrin;,'  the  lumber  are  located  at  01  n  M' 
iinmcdiale  vicinity  of  Ijircka.  It  is  a  jiort  ot'entry  in  the  collection  district  of  San  l''raiici>c.  1  nil 
a  ;:ieat  number  ot' vessels  trade  direct  ly  w  itii  forei;;n  ports.  It  has  re;;nlar  and  frei|iieiii  ■  ;i. 
mniiication  by  steamers  with  San  I'r.iiiciseo  iind  other  points  and  is  connected  with  lini..  li\ 
tcle;;raph.     In  is.so  the  ]iopiiiatioii  of  I'.iireka  was  '_',(),')!>. 

The  low  i^hiiids  opposite  Iliirelw^  c  e  cut  llji  by  sloii;;lis  and  ponds.     The  lar{,'est,  called  I  :'li,iii 
Island,  is  alioiit  a  mile  Ion; 


loi'theast  and  southwest  and  half  a  mile  in  width.  It  is  inark>  !  1'^ 
two  hillocks  siiriiioiinted  by  clumps  of  trees,  m'ar  w  liieli  were  ( IS.'il)  .scveial  wretched  IiKliiiii  liiil>. 
There  are  e\teiisi\e  saw-mill  biiildiii;;s  and  wharves  on  the  southeast  side  of  this  island,  aiil  ilic 


:'l: 


lieie  is  much  deeper  than  alireast   the  watei-front  of  I'aireka.     The  Ninallcr  isiaii  .  lii 


between  this  Indian  Island  and  KiireKa  and  ;;enurally  parallel  with  the  Mhores  of  both. 


W't\ 


-isSL. ' 


m- 


VACiVW   COAST   PILOT,  32!) 

For  tlu'  iM'iioIlt  of  Hiiilinj;  inivstcrs  ilcsirons  of  clipckiiifr  tlit'ir  <'liroiiotiictt'is  \vliilt<  Ijiii^'  "t 
Ijiivkit,  wcnivcllu'pHinniphifiil  position  ortlit'MNtroiioiniciil  stiitioii  in  tliciiiiliiicM(|iiiiivof  Kiiivka, 
a^  il.'Iniiiiiii'il  l>y  the  \'.  S.  CoiiMt  aii<i  (iecMktic  Survey,  iiH  follows: 

1.iilitiiil<> 4(1'  W  i)'".:\  iiDrtli. 

I.iiii);iliiili< I'.' I    O'.t   :i.'.  ,7  wu.it. 

Oi,  ill  tiim- ^l'  lli"':l-.|, 

i'lif  iiiii^'iictlt!  Variation  wan  IH^  1*0'  oust  in  Jiinuiiry,  1885,  ami  iniTi'asfs  annually  1'. 

.\iiiilii,  foi'int-rly  rniontown,  is  sitiiiitfd  in  tlio  niitlillo  of  tlit>  north  slion^  of  tlic  liay.  It  was 
lni  Mil  riv  K'aclictl  liy  boats  only  at  lii;;li  wattM',  but  n  Ion;;  wliarf  has  lu-ni  i^instnii'tfil  well  ovor  tint 
il.ii^.aiiil  llit^  I'nilt'd  States  i;n;:in('i'rsha\i'tlri'(l;,'»Ml  iiuhanncl  ol'tfu  feet  at  low  water  to  tin;  wharf. 
\  I  iilioati  IroMi  Ihf  Mad  b'ivcr  valli\v  <-arrii>s  linniit-r  to  vessels  loailin;;  at  this  whail.  This  plaee 
\\,is  .1  ^lartill^  point  for  the  Trinity  ami  Klainatli  ^ohl  mines,  ami  is  now  the  sliippin;;  point  for  au 
lAii  iisivo  ami  rii'ii  lumbering;,  a;;ri(:ultnral,  ami  stock  re!.'i<>ii  draineil  by  tlit^  Mad  Klver  ami  smaller 
siiraiiis.  It  lias  regular  (Htminiinicatiun  by  st^-ainer  with  San  Francisco,  in  ISStt  its  population 
«a,  7(l'-'. 

riir  Wrtitlirr  in  the  liiinili/  o/  JliimhohU  liuji. — The  fo^H  of  suinnu'r  ar<f  very  persistent  over 
till' .ipproaelies  to  lliimlioldt  l>ay,  sometimes  euntinuiii;;  for  weeks  at  a  time\siili  ati  oceasional 
li^.liliii^''  up  in  the  middltMtf  the  day.  The  summer  winds  blow  stron^fly,  as  this  break  in  the  coast 
liaiiitraiid  the  ICel  Kiver  valley  form  the  lirst  wiml;;ap  north  of  Iht^  niountaimms  bairkbone  of 
('.i|it'  Mendocino.  The  r.iin  tall  is  much  heavier  than  to  the  southward;  for  eleven  years,  1803  to 
l^7;'•,  it  was  measured  at  Kureka  with  the  following;  residt  : 


,  >      * 


*  E" 


Kiiln  full 
(ilirlH'>. 


\m:\  

IKM  

\m:<  

iMitl 

IIIB7 

IH(W  

IKIW    

IKTll   

1X71    

IH7J 

11173 

AM'iimi' 


:iii 

:iu 
nil 

47 

4'.l 

;iii 

'.'« 

:i;i 

Ill 

'.'.'i 

r.;; 

I's 

iir. 

Ill 

-' 

1.-. 

Xl 

.'.;{ 

Muiitli. 

.Inly 

AiitfllKl    

S<-|tt«<iii)i«-r 

Oili.li.r 

Niivcriilii'r 

Iiicrniln  r 

•I.uiiiiiry  

Kiln  il:ll>     

M.ll.  h    

.Vpiil    

May 

.ruin* 

V.'iulv   lIMMJli;.' 


luiiiniM 


(10     I 

'"     I 
■Jd     ' 

41 

:l 
4'J 

:i:i 

2.1 

M 


Tlie  following,'  account  from  Tebenkotf's  description  of  the  charts  in  his  atlas  published  in 
1^1-^.  with  accoinpanyin;;  chart  eontainin;;  soumlin;;s  and  <letails  of  Indian  Island,  is  the  lirst 
iiuiiri'  of  the  e.\isten<;e  of  llumbohlt  Hay  : 

.Mioiit  ri;;ht  ami  a  Inll'  niili's  I'liiiii  lli«  pml  ot  Triniilitil  i.s  sitiiati'il  tlin  t'litrailci'  to  tlii>  liny  iil'  Iiiili.tiiH,  calloil 
1  iiliMliiiMir  111  /.a  111  ill'.  Ity  llio  ri)liiiiial  <Iiiriiiiii'iit'<  nl'  llii'  K'usMaii-.Viiii'l  iiaii  ('i)iii|i  .:iy,  it  a|i|ii'ais  Ilia  I  i(  vyasili.irnviMiMl 
li>  .  M,/i-Ms  (iC  llir  lni  I  I'll  Slali'H.  Ill  l.-^iiC)  (Ihth  was  in  it  inn  an  Aiiiciiiaii  yrsNcI).  iiinlrr  riiiniiiainl  nl' \Vii'sclir|i.  a  mm- 
I'tti  r  iMily  of  Ali'Uliaiix.  iiiiiIit  tlin  iliri'rtinii  nl'  .^^lalinli'liikiiir.  «  liirli  was  iiirl  liy  tin'  liiiliaiis  iiiiiiiirally.  Tliis  liay 
I-  mil  fully  ili'siriliiMJ,  lint  il  I.s  knmvii  lliat  il.  Is  yrr.y  lariji" ;  .sihiu'wIm:  ri'si'inlilrs  I  lit'  I!  ly  nf  San  l''raiiiisri>,  niily  tlin 
I'lilriiiiii'  lo  it  fnr  yi'sscls  nf  laifji-  class  is  mil  rniiycnli'iil,  ami  w  illi  kIiiiii;;  smillnvesl  w  iinls  it  is  i-yi'ii  iinpossllili'  w  itii 
:iii\  Mr.si'1.     Till-  ili'plli  at  111!'  fiitrancn  is  two  sajlirn  ^  I  wclvn  lii-t  i,  ami  linn  il  liri'uks  on  tin-  li.ii. 

lie  [ilaced  the  south  point  id"  the  entrance  in  latitinle  l((    "»."»'.  I.  loii^'itude  124    US'. 

it  was  named  Ue/.anotV after  the  Uiissian  ambassadov  lo  .lapaii  in  ISIM,  wli'<  lia<l  inlliienced  the 
l.;ii|irnir  I'aiil  not  to  break  up  the  Hiissiaii  .\merican  <'om|iany. 

riie  bay  was  rediscovered  by  a  party  of  Americans  from  the  Trinity  Kim  i  in  December,  ISPJ, 
iinl  named  Trinity  Bay ;  it  was  a;;aiu  discovered  by  sea  in  Ajnil,  18."»(l,  and  then  retn-ived  its  pres- 
(■III  iiiiiiie. 

file  Indian  name  of  the  bay  is  (^ual-a  waloo. 

l/(«/  /.'irer.— Northward  of  the  entrance  to  Humboldt  ISay  the  coast  line  of  the  northern  po- 
niiisiila  is  very  strai;;ht  to  the  mouth  of  Mad  Hi  vcr,  w  hicli  lies  ten  and  a  half  miles  north  three  and 
mil  tiiinl  de^cree-s  east  (N.  ;{;\^  K.)  fnun  the  Humboldt  Li{;ht-honse,  and  seven  miles  south  twenty- 
livi  (lef,Tee.s  east  (S.  25°  E.)  from  Trinidad  Lighthouse.    The  sand  dunes  of  the  peninsula  are 


Kl 


I  »i 


I  ; 


!      I 


il 


fiiife 


il\> 


i     i 


•  vi 


W  M 


W- 


;{;{(» 


l'A<  IKIC    C'lAsr    I'IMiT. 


tli'ifli'il  ill  tlif  lint'  of  tin'  iiorlliwt'Ht  wiinls,  ami  rciirli  m-vciiIs  I'fi't  in  clfvaliitii,  whilsi  lu-lijinl  ili.    , 
tilt'  oaks  anil  sinucc  s|iri>a<l  to  tiic  bay  sliiiii',  litit  slimv  tlicii'  tups  alxist-  ilir  iliiiirs. 

Till'  nil  III  til  III'  Mail  ItlMTis  almiit  out'  liiiiiilrril  ami  trii  .\ai'ils  In  wiiliji,  ami  npriis  tn  thi'  imrli 
west  tliiiii;;li  a  iiarniw  I'liaiiiii'l  at  low  water.  Near  tin'  tmiiiili  il  is  t'linlalilr  at  luw  walt'i,  ami  ii  i> 
■'('Iioi'tnl  til  lie  ('liis«'(l  ill  t'xci'ssivcly  dry  hcusoiis.  TIu'  licai'lirs  air  low  timl  samly,  llii'  iliiiii's  i'Imum 
IViMii  twi'iitv  to  sixt.N  fi't'l,  ami  till' I'oi'i'.st  niiiics  witlnn  t wo  or  ilnri'  liiiiiiln-il  ,\ari|s  oC  tlir  Itr.irli, 
Tilt'  lowiii'ss  ot  tlii'saiiil  limit's,  ami  a  Irw  lioiist's  on  tin*  iiorlli  ami  soiitli  .siili'>  ol'  tin'  livi'i,  ind, 
catr  its  locality,  llcliiml  tlif  sami  iliiiit's  to  tin'  soiill'waiil  llii'  lami  is  low  ami  iiiarsli\ ,  ami  im.  i 
.st'i'tt'il  l>,\  sloii;;|is  ami  streams ;  to  tin*  iiortliwanl  tlio  wooilnl  lami  toiu'lirs  ihi'  s.iml  liill>aiHlK 
soliii'vv  liat  lil^'liiT.     Till  If  art'  two  lagoons  on  llir  north  siilt'  of  tin'  1 1\  it;  tlii'\  lii'  jialalli'l  w  illi  im 

Nlioi't' ami  alioiit  two  Iniinlrt'il  yartls  iiiisiilt' of  it.     Tlif  iit'airr  oin-  is  tlm-i'  l.nmliril   \aiils  fi il,. 

I'lviT,  ami  till'  fartlii'i'  out'  milt'. 

I'm-  livi'  sixtlis  of  \\  milt'  iiisiili'  tlio  iiiniitli,  tin'  foiirst>  of  ilif  immt  is  from  tin'  soiitlirasi,  Imt 
tlifii  a  sIkii'|i  lirmi  taki's  plai'i'.  Ilfi'i' a  I'aiial,  i'i;;lit  linmliril  ami  tilty  yanls  Ion;:',  fniiin'rts  ilu' 
I'ivi'r  with  till'  lii'a'l  of  tlir  sloii;.'h  foinin;j  from  lliiinliojili  l'.a\ .  alloriliii;:  walfr  I'oiiiiiiiinir.iiiuii 
tlH'i't'with,  ami,  liffoit'  tin'  iMiililiiiL;  of  tlif  railroails,  it  was  iitili/fil  in  iloatiii'-T  saw  loir.^  IVo 


III  111 


Mail   li'iM'i' \al1i'\   into  tin' liay.     All  tlif  iiiilicatioiis  point  to  tin'   ii\i'i'   liaviii'„'   foiim'iI,\   impt.il 
into  lliimliolili  liay  at  tins  point. 

Mail  liivt'r  lisfs  iilioiit  ti^'lity  iiiilfs  to  tlif  soiithi'asi  on  tlif  iiortlifin  Hanks  of  Mount  l.iim, 
wliifli  oM'ilooks  tlif  Sarraint'iito  vallfy.  Thf  town  of  Mail  lliMT  is  sitiiatfil  aliont  si'M'ii  oi  ii_|,i 
mill's  np  till'  liviT. 

Tliis  ii\fr  was  i  ot  naiiii'tl  liy  r>oilf<;a.     (St'f  I.ittlf  l!i\i'r.) 

Ibjihoiiritphii. — Olf.Mail  h'ivrr  thf  ti'ii  lathoin  liiif  of  soiimlin;;'s  runs  parallil  with  tin'  lir  hIi 
ai.il  a  scant  half  inilf  tlistaiit  :  the  Uottoiii  is  tint'  ;;ray  saml.  Tlif  twt'iity-fathiiin  line  is  two  inlcs 
IVoiii  slioii-  to  till'  soiitliuanl.  Init  when  iirarly  alncast  of  tin-  moiitii  of  tin-  river  it  spieails  mit  i,i 
almost  time  miles,  wiili  liotioin  ot' tine  }:r,iy  saml.  The  tliii'l\  t'athoin  line  is  four  miles  I'idiii  shmi, 
ami  till'  lioniiin  eliaii;.'es  to  stiekv,  ^reen  iiiuil.  The  forty  falhoin  line  is  six  miles  olf  .slinic.  ii\,  i 
soft  iii'ow  II  iiiinl.  The  lil'tN  lathoin  line  is  se\  I'li  ami  a  half  miles;  the  one  liuiulreil  f.iihoin  jiin  i> 
t'leM'ii  miles;  ami  the  twD'hiimli'ed-fatliiiin  line  thirtcf  n  ami  a  half  miles  olV  short',  all  over  ii.ml, 
blown  mini. 

lAltli'   Tfiiiiihnl  1,'inr. — The  low  saiiily  coast  line  continues  live  ami  ii  half  miles  farther  nor 
wai'il  ri'iiin  tile  month  of  Mail  UImi',  chaii^^in^'  its  ilireetioii  to  north  by  west,  to  the  month  ol'  I 
Tiiiiiil.iil  ItlM'r.     The  low  water  beach  bet  ween   the  two  is  t'i'oiii   oiif  hiimlri'il   ami  tweiils  11 
three  liiimlied  yards  w  iilc.     The  sand  diiiies  are  fioiii  twenty  to  sixty  teei  hi;;li.  and  slreteh  iiii  i.i., 
two  hiimlied  to  three  hiiinlred  yards  to  the  basf  of  a  steep  rise,  two  hiiinlrid  and  lil'ty   leet  iu^li, 
and  llaiikeil  b\  iheiiliioiis  trees  ami  piiie.     Aloiit;  the  liiifs  of  thf  small  wale r-coiirst's  aie  di  :im 
l'i.rc>ls;  on  the  iii;,dicr  lands  arc  prairies. 

The  inoiiih  ot  Little  Itiver  is  only  ei;;hty  fh'f  yiiiils  in  width,  but  the  valley  throiiuh  w  lin  i,  r 
comes  is  ipiiie  broad,  and  I'loiii  seaward  it  ;;ivi's  the  im](ressioii  of  a  lai^;i'  stream.  At  low  w.Urr 
there  is  oiih  a  narrow,  fonlable  channel  to  the  sea.  I'roiii  T'inidad  l.i;,dit  the  mouth  bears  >oiilli 
seventy  one  and  a  half  ilfy;rcfs  fjist  (S.  "M  '  I'..)  distant  Iwoand  one  third  miles.     The  soiiili  p.   n.i 


is  formed  by  a  low,  narrow,  sandy  peninsula,  seven  hiindred  \ari|s  1 


oil; 


at  th 


f  north  point 


the  roekx,  wimmIciI  clilVs  rniiiiin;^  liciiee  to  Trinidad  Uay  :iiid  further  iiorthwartl.  At  six  hiiiiiluii 
\aids  northwest  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  the  low  watfr  bc;ieli  cuds.  The,  forests  coviiiiiu  t'lr 
clit 's  are  jiinc  and  redwood. 

This  small  stream  is  the  Ii'io  tie  los  Tortolas  of  lleceta  and  IJiidc^ta,  who  discovt'red  it  in  ,1:;  n  , 
IT'i"!,  from  the  summit  of  Triiiiibid  Head.  They  say  that  at  the  tlislame  of  thieel'oiii  th>  I'l  .i 
li'a;;ue  to  the  southeast  they  saw  a  lar;;i'  rix'er  that  emptied  into  the  sea  from  lictwccn  two  iiimiiii 


ains.      It    w,'s   ten   \aras  wide  and   two  varus  deep,  but  had  a  slialh 


Tlie\    followcil 


iiboiit  a  leaj,'i;e,  saw  liiille  doves,  etc.,  whence  its  name.  'I'liey  had  passeil  Mad  Hivfr  wiiliuut 
mitiiii:  it. 

.\s  there  is  already  out!  .stream  iianifd  Little  IJivcr,  wf  have  added  the  name  Triiiiil.el  in 
dc>i;;nate  this  stream. 

Lillli  li'ii-ir  /.'lie/.. —This  is  a  lii^li  islet  lyiii;;  three  liumlred  and  lifty  yards  olV  tlie  i.irivV 
shore  three  (|iiarteis  of  a  mile  west  iiorlhwesl  from  the  miuitli  of  Little  Trinidad  IJivei.  .mil 
diit'ctly  on  the  line  therefrom  to  Trinidad  Li;;litlioiise.  It  is  about  one  hundred  and  fort\  ,\  ir'i> 
long,  in)rtlie;ist   ind  .southwest,  by  ninety  yards  broad,  and  its  hijjlii'Ht  point  is  oiif  liiindieii   im! 


I'AciKic  c  (AST  I'lr.or. 


.r.i 


liiiiil  tl 

III!'  iiiii :  h 
>i',  ami  II  i> 
iiif.s  li-i.ii: 

till'   lllMI  ll, 

livi'i,  iiiili 
,  iiiiil  iiiii'i 
hills  aiKl  IS 
li'l  w  illi  I  (Il- 
ls iVlPlll  Ilir 

tlllMsl,  lillt 
lllircis  till' 
iniiniiMl  Mill 

;-.     IVolll    I  111' 

■|\   iin|itiiii 

iiiiiit    l.i 

1  I'll  or  i'Il;IiI 


1  tllf    licirli 

is  two  null's 
I'cads  mil  III 
,  I'kiiii  slimr, 

.^llllll',   li\i'| 
I  llOIII     iilH      i> 

1  (i\  ri'  ImiiI, 

ftlici-  null 
III  III'  I 

•iii\  li 

'Irli  illMiKi 
fc'i't  llljl, 
ail'    l!r!l~r 

l,i,'ll   will  1.     ' 
IllW     W.llii 

licars  >ii;iiii 

MlUlll  |"'ll;l 

iniiil    I"  :  ll 

!\     lllllni!"! 

DVi'iiii:;  l!ii' 


_>  I'n't  aliovc  tlii'Hcaj  its  sliort's  air  nin>,'fil  ami  Imlil.  'I'lirri'  is  sliallow  wiitrr  ami  vi-ry  (iiiil 
Mi'iitiii  iiisjilo  il,  Willi  li'ii  III'  lilti'cii  I'oi'ks  aliDVi'  waltT  lirturrri  It  ami  llio  slimr.  Two  lliiiils  of 
(I .  iiirK  tl)  lli<<  siiiitlnM'st  priijrcls  into  ;riMiil  water,  tlit>ri-  lii-iii;;  I'diii'  fatliniiis  iif  watiT  iiii  its  nil'- 
.sIjhii-  siili'.  Oiif  Inimli'fil  sarils  to  tin*  iioitlnvrst  of  this  iiK'k  lirs  a  siiialliT  rork,  of  tfii  I'ct't 
I'li'valimi  anil  sixt,v  ^arils  I'xttiil,  oiit.siili'  tht'  tlir<'i>  I'alli lim-  of  siMiiiiliii)L;s. 

TRINIDAD  HEAD  AND  BAY. 

Iiiiiiilail  lli'ail  lii's  Ihiily  ('i>,'lil  iiiili's  iiorlli  oni' ili-j^rci'  west  (N.  1  '  \V.)  fniiii  Cain'  Mi'iiiloniio, 
,iiii|  M'M'iili'rii  iiiiirs  mti'tli  IIIII'  ami  a  halt'  ili';;ri'«'s  wi'sl  (N.  lA  '  W.)  I'loiii  tlu'  VN'liisiliii;;  limty  oil' 
ilii  lliiiiiliiililt  Itar.  Till'  low  siimlv  licarli  t'roiii  < 'i'iii!'t'\  illr  niiitiiiiii's  to  Litlli-  Tiiiiiilail  Itlvrr 
uiiiiiii  l\M)  anil  out*  thiril  tiiili's  of  tlir  Iji'iiil.  Thi'ir  tin- roast  lim'  rliaiiKi's  its  rliaiai'li'f,  ami  we 
li.iM'  a^'iiin  till-  liohl,  lilat^k,  rocky  elilVs,  iIiiiImti'iI  Id  tlirir  ril;;i',  ami  ^.'iiaiilt'il  li\  many  nirks  ami 
Itliiii  the  Itav   itself.     I'''i'iim  a  reasoiialile  ilistaiiee  Triiiiiliiil  lleail  is  a  imtalile 


liir 


,\   l>li'ts,  e\el!    W 


rratiiii'  nil  lhi''4  l>art  of  the  coast ;  il  is  al  unit  seven  liiimli'cil  \  a  tils  in  extent,  m  nth  west  ami  sun  III- 
i'.i.>i.  I>y  a'loiit  (ivo  hiimlrctl  yanls  iioitheast  ami  southwest,  ami  three  Inimlieil  ami  eighty  feet 
liiLili:  from  a  vessel  close  inshore,  either  noitli  or  south  of  it,  it  shows  as  a  ilark,  Kiiiml  topped  isliiml 
iiiMii'il  with  chaparral.  It  has  very  sleep,  rocky  siiles,  anil  the  ilcpth  of  water  duse  under  its 
Miiiilnin  hase  is  ei;,dil  fatlionis. 

Olf  the  nortliwestern  race  lie  two  lar;;e,  rocky  islets,  named  OIl'Triiiidad  Kock  and  I'daiik 
KmU,  elsewheiv  descrilieil.  The  north  part  of  the  Head  is  coniiected  with  the  niainland  liy  a  low, 
li.miiu  peninsula,  and  project  in  j,'  from  the  southeast  side  of  this  neck  is  l.ittiv  llmil,  which  is  a 
Kiiiiii  I hnndrcd  and  tweiilv  live  feet  hi;;h,  covered  with  trees,  and  stretchiii''  one  hiindred  and 


tiii\  \ 


aids  into  the  lias. 


■file  liiiii  or  tiiiiilsl((iil  of  Triitiiliiil,  lyiti;,'  to  tl  e  east  and  southeast  of  tlit^  Mead,  is  i|uite  eon- 
tiiirtril,  lint  has  deep  water  and  re;;ular  liottiiiii,  with  no  hidden  diiii;;ei's  in  the  approaches  fioiii 
till'  "iiiilheast  throii}ih  the  south  to  the  west  liy  south;  it  forms  a  ;;ood  and  safe  suininer  anchoraj;;!'. 

II  ilir  extent  of  the  Itay  lie  considered  lo  he  north  of  a  line  iiinnin;,'  east  liy  north  from  the  south 
|Minit  III'  the  Mead,  the  distance  from  the  Head  to  the  four  faliiom  liiieolV  the  easleni  shore  w  ill  lie 
iliii  r  inarleis  o!'  a  mile;  and  from  that  easterly  line  to  tli>'  I  hree  latliuin  lineal  the  deepest  part 

III  ihi'  lii;:lit  northward,  a  littlt-  over  one  iiiiarter  of  a  mile,  liiit  the  shore-line  is  nearly  half  a  mile 
iHi|ili«  aril. 

The  east  side  of  the  Head  is  rounding',  liiit  its  general  diieetion  is  west  of  north.  It  has  deep 
uiiii  I  rinse  n|i  to  the  wharf,  which  is  linilt  under  luid  around  the  steep  clill's  on  the  northeasl  side 
,iiiil  u.is  kiiiiwn  as  llooiier's  Wharf.  The  north  shore  of  the  lia.\  has  a  low-water  lieaclihalfa  mile 
liiii;^  miller  steep  lilulVs;  thence  eastward  the  shore  is  very  rocky,  the  elilVs  lii'in;^  about  three 
liiiinlii'l  t'i'i'l  liij;li,and  coxered  with  larf;i'  forest  trees  as  far  as  Little  Trinidad  Itiver.  The  town, 
rniiin'il.N  the  point  of  supplies  for  the  mines  in  the  interior,  fronts  on  the  north  part  of  the  road- 
>ir,iil  over  the  moderately  hi^jli  lilulV.  The  lioat  lamlinj;;  was  on  the  north  side  of  the  round  knoll 
iii.ilviii;;  out  alioiil  one  hundred  and  twenty  yaids  from  the  southeast  side  of  the  low  neid;  and  now 
kmm  II  as  the  ••  Little   Mead." 

Ill  the  liay  lie  eijiht  or  ten  small  r-icky  islets,  moderately  lii^li  and  j;eneially  with  j;ood  water 
.11 1  111  I II I  tlii'in.     l''i)urof  them  lii-  outside  the  tiiree  tat  horn  line.     In  the  a|i|iroachi's  lie  several  larjfcr 


\i\-' 


islet.-' 


UdCKV    ISl.KTS    IN   Tin;    Al'l'KDACUKS   To   TIIK    1!AV. 


1  il  ili.l  .  11. 
iiilltli--  -  -i 
two  lll"':lil 
lowed  i:  '^1' 

IT    willMilll 

Triniib'!  in 
V  the  y."-w\ 

]{ivi'l.      IMil 

fiirt.\    \  iril> 
umlivil   nil! 


rHiil  1,'oik. — This  rocky  islet  lies  half  a  mile  soiiili  of  the  Head.  It  is  a  conical,  whitish  rock 
iiiiii-l\  N.irds  i'l  extent  and  rising;  one  hiimlred  and  three  feet  alioM'  the,  sea.  I'>  hi;tliest  point  lie: 
li.ill 
ihi' 


I  mile  (ten  liundrcd  and  lifty  ,\ards)  south  thirteen  and  a  half  ilej;rei's  east   'S.  l.'IA^  1-^.)   I'loin 
l.i„dil-hiiuse.     There  is  ei;;'ht  or  nine  fathoms  of  water  over  a  uniform  liottoin  of  tine  y:ray  sand 


t'li'-i'  aioiiml  it,  .so  that  vessels  need  have  no  fear  of  hidden  ilanj;eis  in  approachiii;,'  it.  It  is  a  line 
I'lii'liii.iik  for  the  harlior.  The  depth  of  water  lietween  it  and  the  Head  decreases  from  i'i};ht  and 
iliirc  ijiiarters  fathoms  to  seven  and  oiie-ipiarter  fathoms  over  sand.N  liottoiii. 

/.'/((/i/i-  liock. — This  rocky  islet  lies  nearly  one  third  of  a  mile  otV  the  western  side  of  the  ITead 
mill  marks  the  outer  limit  of  many  shoal  patches.  It  is  nearly  seventy  yards  in  extent  ;inil  rises 
"111'  liiimlreil  feet  aliove  the  sea.  with  steep  sides.  Its  hi};liest  point  is  near  the  western  side,  and 
iisi'xact  jiosition  i.s  oij,'ht  hundred  aud  liity  yard.s  north  eighty-three  dejjree.s  west  (N.  >s;P  W.) 


li 


;32 


PACIFIC    COAST    PILOT. 


from  till'  Lijjlitliouso.    TIu'iv  is  f;-oo(l  wator,  six  to  iiiiii'  liitliiims,  close  iirouml  it,  but  rocky  .,    ! 

foul  bottom  to  tlic  north  anil  also  ball'  way  towards    Trinidad  Head.     A  small   nxl:  mnisli  lies  , 

liundnMl  and  ninety  yards  southeast  (SI''..),  or  in  the  dii'cetion  ol'  l^ilot  K'ock,  from  Itlauk  Kk 
and  ii  nuiil.iii  rock,  with  lil'leen  ;ect  of  walcr  upon  it,  lies  ninety  yards  from  the  rock  awash  in  in 
direction  of  I'ilot  Hi>"k.  ••;•  two  hundred  and  eijjhty  yards  from  IMank  Itocl;  and  on  the  ranur.it 
the  wt'stern  edji'cs  of  IJIank  IJoek  and  OlfTrinidad  Itock.  Onetliird  of  c  tlistan>c  fiom  l'.l.i:;l> 
li'ock  to  OlfTrinidad  IJoek.  there  is  a  low.  black  rock,  thirty  or  forty  yards  in  extent,  with  i  ;il 
;,'rouud  ami  reef  stretchinj;  east  northeast  fioni  it  ;  and  lit'ty  yartls  -onthwest  fnu',  this  lowi...!, 
lie^;  a  xck  tiirash,  with  four  and  a  half  fathoms  close  outside  of  it.  No  vessel  Ahonld  ;;ii  insid.  i,r 
r.lank  l.'ock. 

Otl  T)iiii<l<i<l  liixli. — This  is  a  lai;ie,   limbic  headed,  rocky  islet,  lyin;.'  thicc  i|nailcrs  ola  n   !, 
north  si\l,\  sc\  en  dej;rces  west  (>'.  t>7  '  W.'l  In  mm  tiic  l.iuht  house,     It  is  two  hiiudn'd  .ind  lifly  \  .i;K 


lonn  Ol 


I  the  sanu' bearing,  and  one  hnndrcil  am'  tliirlv   \ards\\idc;  the  two  heads  are  c; 


icli  al 


ei{;lity  I'ccI  abci\  c  tlu' sea.  It  has  bold  water,  with  loul  botiiimamnnd  it.  Tin' deeper  walcr  i- 'ii 
the  northwest,  west,  and  south  laces;  eiy;lit  to  nine  fathoms  arc  found  I'io.se  ti>  the  southeast  pc.  ni, 
•iiid  c','\  en  to  twelve  fathcuus  two  hundred  ami  lorl  \  yards  nlV  the  southwest  faec.  Vnnii  the  c  ~i 
face  stretches  very  broken  ;:i(>iiml  uu>re  I  ha  a  iialf  wax  ti".vards  Trinidad  Head.  Half  a  mIK'  tn  i  ih 
muthwcst ward  of  thi>  rocky  i>let,  and   maily  on  the   proloii;,;ation   from    lllank    Itock,  Iheit  >  ,i 


P'.ilch  of  fold  .urcuind 


'\cial  breaks  and  one  small   rock  awash  .it    lii;;li  water,  and 


:l      Mll.i:il     I 

(Hie  awash  at  low  water.  .\  break  is  also  reported  three  hundred  yards  oil'  the  southwest  I,. 
south  fifl\  nine  dcuri'cs  west  (."s.  ."I'.i  \V  )  from  (he  hiirin'st  part.  In  that  position  the  sontli  p  :  • 
of  Trinidad  Head  would  be  open  to  the  north  side  i>  Ulaiik  Ifotk,  one  third  the  width  of  the  lai:.  i. 
No  v.'.sscl  should  uo  inside  ol'  tins  islet. 

In  approaching  the  roadstead  fioiii  the  noithwest,  the  line  of  safely  is  to  keep  to  the  sniiili 
ward  of  the  lanue  of  I'dank  Itock,  on  with  t  he  southern  ed'^e  ol'Tiinidad  Head  niitil  ncail\  ii|> 
with  lihiiii;  Itock.  when  the  daii;;ers  Just  to  the  >oiiihcastwaid  of  it  must  be  avoideil. 

]nsi<li  the  litiji  >  .  roadstead  we  have  the  following;  rocky  islets  ami  rocks  above  walcr: 

PrisinK  IS  It'txli. — This  consists  really  of  i  wo  locks  tuily  ten  yards  ajiarl  and  coveiiiij:  an  aie  i  n| 
about  sevcntx  by  sixty  \  aid.--,  but  ;:eiieiaiiy  seen  as(Uie  rocky  islet.  The  lar;;er  is  sev«'nt\  y  aiil>  ii.;i: 
by  forty  >  arils  w  ide,  and  the  hii;hest  point  is  sixty  feet  above  the  sea.  It  lies  north  lil'ty  live  dc-i.  ■  s 
east  (N.  .■>.") "  !•;.)  fioiu  the  south  tan;,'ent  of  Trinidad  Head,  and  two  hundicd  and  twenty  vmU 
from  the  castein  shore  of  the  hoatl.  It  lies  one  hundred  xards  iiiutli  of  the  eastern  line  ol  \  ^; 
bilit.v  of  the  Trinidad  I.ijilit.  Six  and  seven  fathoms  of  water  are  loiiiid  close  up  to  these  lo.  !> -. 
The  sniallei'  rock  lies  under  the  southeast  face  of  the  laijjer  and  has  a  dciith  of  lliirteeu  I'cc!  nl 
water  close  uiid''i  its  northeast  end. 

These  two  roclis  seen  from  the  southward  resemble  an  animal  lyiii;;  down  with  its  head  m  t" 
the  wcs;. 

i'ltil  /I'lii/,  is  only  lifleeii  bv  thirty  yards  in  extent  and  i|iiile  low.  It  lies  three  hundred  \  ll.i^ 
from  riisiincis  Itnrk  mi  the  line  of  the  south  |iait  of  the  Itoek  and  south  |ioiiil  of  the  llead.  Il 
bears  ncilh  liH.v  sev  in  deques  cast  (N.."i7  !•;.  i  Ihhm  the  south  piiiil  of  the  Head  and  is  di-i.iiii 
theielMMi  ciulit  hiiiidrcd  yaids;  fnun  the  e.istcriimost  face  of  the  Head  il  is  distant  .'Ux  huiiilinl 
yards.      .\  r^iniLm  rml;  with  only  live  feet  ol'  w.itcr  upon  it  lies  one  hundred   and   lil'ty  yards  Miilh 


I'ortv 


ile::l  ei'S  I 


a>I  (S.  10    !•:.  I  liiiin  flat  It 


Il  li.is  six  tathoms  of  water  iiiiiacdiateix  ainiii 


Il  i>  iiieiiiioned  under  the  held  ot'  Dangers.     Tliiee  hiindrcil  vaidscasi  iiorlheast  i  I'.N  l'..|  from  I'l.il 


Itock  III  >  llie  outer  one  iil    lour  seatleri'd 


ks.     Tills  <iiiler  one  lies  ill  lour  fathoms  of  w.iii  i  : 


the  olhci>  are  inside  the  three  fathom  line  and  not  over  two  hundred  vaids  t'mm  shore.      A  ■\''   >.<■; 
.'■()('/..  ri'fericd  to  under  I  )anucis.  is  laid  down  one  liuiidred  and  sixt\  live  \arils  noilliea-.l     'I 
from   I'iat    Itoel,.      I  liere  is  a  depth  of  three  ano  t!irce  ipiai  tcis  fathoms  immedialely  aioiiin;  Ni^ 
loeaiil.v . 

Ihinhli  lliiiil  /I'dcA-. — This  is  a  moderately  low,  rocky  islel.  about  seventy  yards  loii.u  norti  >i'~' 
an  I  soiiili'iist  :iiii|  liiirty  yards  across,  The.  SMut'ieiu  point  lies  three  ipiaitcrs  of  a  niiic  ^il' 
ci;;hlytwo  de;;rei's  cast  (N.  ,S2  ^  K.)  Iron,  the  l.i^hl  house  and  oiielilth  of  a  mile  broad  oil  III.'  i.eii. 
Il  has  foiiriei'ii  fathoms  111'  water  imiiiedi;!;;!,  around  it.  with  the  sunken  '-two  feet  rock  "  h.  .i  il, 
and  incntioiii'd  under  Haii;;ers. 

There  are  numerous  rocks  ami  rocky  islels  under  tin  northeast  sliiue  within  the  Ihiei'  i  'in'iii 
curve,  and  several  other  rocks  above  walcr  lie  In  the  northeiu  part  of  the  bay  i.earl.v  thn-.  Imn 
died  yardH  from  shore,  Inil  inside  the  liiree  failiniii  curve,  and  are  ^.'ood  marks  for  Ihal  depi'. 


I'ACIKIC    COAST    PILOT 


33.'{ 


rocky  ;i:iil 
sli  lies  I'lii' 
uik  ItiM ;. : 
asli  ill  i:ii' 
('  ranui'  "I 
Voiii  r.l.u:k 
,  with   I  .111 

S     1(I\V   \"il 

;o  iiisiiii    ..i 

IS  ul'  :i  ihilf 
liltv  \.ii'U 

(Mi'li  ali'.ii! 
walcr  i-  "ii 

lifiisl  |Hi,i,:, 

Dill    till'  1    1^1 

I  mile  ti>  ilii' 
li,  llicic  :-  .1 
1(1  a  snialii'i 
liufst  |. :., 
sii'llll  |i.'::il 
il'  III.'  laf.  1. 

I>    tllf     Slllltll- 

il    iicail.v   H|' 

llci: 

li;  all  an  i  .il 
_\  \aiii.--  li'ii.: 

Ii\  ('  (l('^;lr"'S 
■nt_v   NanJN 

liiii'  ol'  V  >i 

IllfSr  lo  I,  . 
itlTII    111'      "! 

Iicatl  Ml:  I" 

nilrcil  \  ■!  > 
!•  11. 'ail.     Il 

II!  is  (ii-i,iiii 
six  Imihiii'l 

y.inl-  s"ii!'i 
l\  aii'iiii  !  I'. 

.)  (Villi    I  il' 

IIS  111'  \\.ilrl  . 

..       .\. .'■■!.,■: 
Iicast     ^1 
aniiiiii'   'II- 

llltiti     Al-l 

1    mill'     '■■il' 

rr  111.       .i' 

i„l,  ■"  ii.  ,1  ii. 

Ililff  I  I'lii'ii' 
i\  tinv  I'li'i 
It  ili'pi; 


ntnifirrs. — TIutc  mo  ii  few  siinkt'ii  rocks  in  tlio  l»ay,  and  .i  ^'iciit  many  lie  in  the  iiortlnvi'sl. 
.n.|ii(ia(ln'.'*  lo  it,  most  of  tlu'in,  liowt'vor,  iiisido  «»l"  tlio  lino  «)f  vi.silde  rock.s.  Tlu'sc  (lan;,'i'is  arc  a.s 
I'ull'.iws  : 

/7«  livij'ed  rock  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  bay  li<'s  ninety  yards  liorth  of  the  limit  of  »'ast 
vi-^iliilily  of  the  kii;'ht  and  north  sixty-live  dejireeseast  (N.  0," '  K.)  half  a  mile  from  the  south  point 
,,r  ;lii'  Head.  It  has  six  fathoms  of  water  close  around  it.  It  is  marked  by  the  Flat  Kock,  lyinjjr 
(III.  Iiiiiiilicd  and  thirty  yards  north  forty  dejjrees  west  (N.  W°  \V.)  from  it. 

.1  M()(/,(ii  (((('A-  is  laid  down  one  hundred  and  sixtylivt^  yards  northeast  (N'l^)  from  l"Mat  Rock, 
Imi  III)  lit'plli  is  ;;iven  upon  it  and  thr«'e  and  three  (|uarter8  fathoms  ar(>  found  clusc  aroiind  it. 

rill  Sinn  fret  (<'(/.  lies  two  hundred  and  ten  yards  broad  olf  the  end  of  Hooper's  Wliaif.  It  is 
din  liuiidrcd  and  lifty  five  yards  immIIi  twenty  seven  de};rees  west  {N.  L'T  ^  W.)  from  the  hijihest 
|i.ii  I  .'t  Prisoners  Uock,  and  three  iiiindri'd  and  eighty  yards  north  thirty-fourde^recscast  (\..iP  l*^.) 
I',. ill  ilic  southeast  point  of  the  Head. 

1  siinl.in  »•"(■/.•  with  live  feet  of  water  upon  it  was  found  only  one  hundred  yards  otV  Hoojier's 
Wli.iil.  about  northeast  by  east  (SI),  by  K.)  from  the  inner  end,  and  on  !l:(>  raiiue  of  the  eastern 
shi'ir  ill' the  Head  and  I'ilot  !{ock.  Many  vessels  must  nave  almost  j;iazi'(l  this  ilanucr  before  tim 
ilii  I'lil  livilro;;rapliie  survey,  wlu'ii  it  was  discovered.     Tlu're  is  a  depth  of  seventeen  and  eij;'liteen 

II  ( I  i.i  water  around  it. 

iiir  tiro  flit  roil;  has  only  ohe  and  a  half  feet  of  water  upon  it.  It  lies  one  liiindred  and  lifty 
y;iiii^  sdiitlieast  by  east  (SIv  by  !■'.)  from  tlie  low  Double  Head  Uoek  alreaily  described,  and  has 
li\i  iiiil  a  ipiarter  fathoms  of  water  close  around  i!.  It  lies  four  liiinilred  and  sixty  yards  from 
ilii  .  .iv|(.i.|i  shore  of  the  bay. 

///.  foil)- fiithom  lohii  has  three  and  three  (|uaricrs  fathoms  of  water  upon  it,  with  deep  water 
i'lo-.i'  around  it.  It  is  mi  the  raii};(>  of  the  Little  Head  and  the  i'i<;lit  taii^^eiit  of  Prisoners  Koek 
anil  lime  Imiidred  and  sex-nty  ti\e  yards  from  the  latter.  I'lnm  the  l.ij;lit  lioii.se  it  bears  north 
i.|;;lii\  'lie  ile^^iees   east    (N.  .S'.l      K.)  distant   eiuht    liiiiidred   and   sc\eiil\    yards.     It   has  seven 

I'l'  sill'  water  close  to  its  south,  ea.st,  and  west  sid«'s,  and  live  and  three  (jiiailcrs  fathoms  of 

w.ih  r  nil  the  lioilll  side,  deepening;  lo  se\t'n  fathoms. 

Ill  thi-  iiiijiiiiui  lifs  III  till  liiiji  lie  'lie  follow  iiij;  danjiers: 

I'lru  riiihs  inrush. — On  the  ranj;e  of  the  liij^hcst  point  of  Oft' Trinidad  Hock  and  the  I<i;;iit  house, 
lic.iiiim'  north  lifty  .'icven  de}:rees  west  (N.  .iT  'A'.)  from  the  latter,  and  half  a  mile  distant  from 
(Ml  11  iiiiil.nl  Hock,  lies  the  lar;;er  of  two  rocks  as..isli.  The  smallci'  one  lies  lifty  ,\ards  iiortli  of 
;•.  riie  I  rjjcr  one  is  anash  at  lii^h  water,  but  the  smaller  one  at  low  water  only.  A  dcpto  of 
r.iiiiiieii  1.  ilidins  of  water  is  found  close  ciitside  with  rocky  bottom  ;  and  s«>veiiteeii  fathoms  over 
hill'  uray  sand  at  two  hiindreii  yards  outside. 

Inside  (if  these  rocks,  to  the  U'lrllicast  and  eastward,  lieseveral  other  rocksawash  and  sunken 
lori,,-.. 

,1  liiiiil.-  lies  three  liiindrcd  ,\ards south  if  the  lar;;er  of  the  forcjioiii};;  rocks  awash.  It  is  very 
iii'iils  west  one  third  iiorlli  (\V.  ',  N.)  from  the  hi;;hest  part  of  ( >IV  Trinidad  Hock.  I'liuii  tiii^ 
l.i.'lii  lidiise  il  bears  noiili  se\  ciitylive  def;rees  west  (N.  7.">  W.),  distant  one  and  one  tenth  miles. 
A  !   ir  III  iliiiieenl'alhoiii  soiindiiif;s  over  irrcfjiilar  rocky  bottom  crosses  this  assijiiicd  locality. 

//,'  tniiil:  two  Immlrcd  and  tifty  yards  south  southwest  from  the  west  ciidol  OlVrrinidad  l!<tek 
li;i>  11(11  I'cfeired  to  in  the  description  of  that  rock.  It  breaks  ot'lcii  with  the  ordinary  swell  :iiul 
liiu  Haler.  The  bottom  is  very  foul  and  ii  regular  in  this  vicinity,  and  the  li\  ilrojiraphic  survey 
..:  u  >  .1  Ii\<'  and  a  ipiarler  fathmii  sniiinlin;;  at  three  hundred  and  twenty  yards  from  the  jioiiit  on 
iiiM:i\  ilie  same  bearin,ir,  with  cle\eii  falhoiiis  around  it. 

I   ////(iy|./'(  W  )«i /■  lit  s  SIX  hundred   and  tilly  yards  south   •    ,lity  two  dcj^rces  west  (S.  Sl'MN 
iiniii  llie   l,ij:lit  house,  and  niiiely  yaids  trdin  it  m  the  direetiou  of  lUaiik  Hock  lies  a  rock  awash; 
lid  h  di  ihi'se  Were  desci'ilied  under  the  head  of  lilaiiU  Koek.      I  be  tifleenl'cel    rock  lies  on  tli(>  line 

III  ;i:e  West  taii;;ent  of  lllaiik  llnck  and  OlVTiiiiidail  I.'ik  1;.  Two  other  points  of  six  and  three- 
i|'in!eis  and  live  and  mie  (jiiaiicr  fathnms  are  toi:iid  southeast  from  it,  the  latter  t  w  o  hundred 
iiikI  ldit\  Naiils  distant  and  nearly  on  the  line   to  Pilot  Hock,  but  the   boltoiii  is  generally  smooth. 

Tlieie  is  a  six  and  a  (|iiartcr  fathom  shoal  spot,  with  iock\  bottom,  ime  and  one-liflh  miles 
Mniili  fiiiir  de;;H'e,s  west  (S.  I  W.)  fnmi  the  l,ij:lit  house,  l-'roiii  this  s|iot  the  w»'st  tanjicnt  of  Pilot 
LiM  K  is  in  laiiiTe  w  itii  the  «'ast  tan;;eiit  of  the  laiy;er  Prisoners  Pock,  and  il  is  distant  threc-ei^ihths 
111  mile  Iriiiii  Pilot  Kock.  The  cxti'iit  of  the  palch  within  the  ten  fathom  line  is  a  loiit  one  hiiii- 
il'.'i  mil  (illy  ,\ards  sipiarc;  outside  of  it  the  .soundings  are  very  regular  at  eleveu  ami  a  half 
I'.iilKims.    This  is  a  guud  llsUing iiUuul. 


m    a 


ft.,  i  • 


'I'  ! 


iM  i:| 


334 


I'ACiru;   COAST   I'll.OT. 


SAILING   DIUKCriONS. 


Tho  appriinrhrs  to  *he  hay  i\ro  free  from  (lan^'crs  tVoiii  tlic  soiitlioast  to  wost-sontlnvost,  :iim1 
vessels  can  work  up  closo  iiiidcr  tlu>  «'asliMH  slioro  it'  tlic.v  keep  oiitsiilc  tlif  line  «'(»m\C(!tiii}j;  all  iiir 
visildf  rocks  and  rocky  islets  bonlerinj,'  tlie  shore.  Coiniii;;  from  the  west  and  northwest,  a  ve>>i  1 
passin;;  hall'  a  mile  sonth  of  the  Ott'Trinidad  Kock  can  run  on  a  southeast  (SIv)  course  until  tlir 
south  point  of  the  Head  bears  east  northeast  (I'lNlv) ;  then  run  as  close  around  the  Head  as  r.lii' 
can  carry  the  wind, and,  passing  )etween  it  and  Prisoners  IJock,  I'orereach  the  inoorin^rhnovs,  Ii 
the  vessel  is  to  an<'lior»'lose  in,  the  best  anchorajji'  is  in  sevt>n  fathoms  of  water  over  mudd\  ln,i 
tom  on  the  line  between  the  soiitli  point  of  the  Head  ami  Prisoners  Ifock  ami  halfway  betwcru 
them.  In  this  position  Hooper's  Wharf  is  opened,  and  the  south  point  of  the  Head  bears  siniili 
west  by  west  half  west  (S\V.  by  W.  A  W.). 

A  Vessel  coming,'  t'loin  the  south  and  wishinj:  to  be  not  closer  than  a  iiuarler  of  a  mile  nil 
the  Ht>ad  ami  rocks,  shoidd  beat  boldly  in  past  Pilot  \U)<k  until  Prisoners  Itock  and  the  Little  Mr. hi 
are  in  ranj;e  and  the  south  point  of  Trinidad  Head  bears  west  by  north  ( W.  by  N.),  and  amlhi 
here  in  six  and  tliree  <piarters  t'athoms  of  water  over  a  hard  Ixtttom  of  tine  y;i'ay  sand  and  iiiuil. 
From  this  anchorau'c  the  low  tiat  neck  is  visible  to  the  westward  of  the  Little  Head,  ami  a  IulIi. 
.su;,'arloaf  rock  beyond  the  neck  shows  over  it.  The  four  fathom  led^e  (set!  Ihinj^ers)  lies  i  ,\,i 
hundied  and  seventy  five  yards  to  the  northnoithwcst  from  this  anchoia^^e. 

In  summer,  a  west-northwest  swell  will  },'enerally  be  Ibuiid  seltiiiK  ii'  In  winter,;'  is  a  ii.m 
fjerous  ancli(tra;:e  in  southeast  weather.  Several  vessels  have  been  lost  0:1  account  ol'  insulliciini 
t;ronnd  tackle;  but  the  mill  comiiaiiies  have  placed  mooiin^s  with  heavy  jiroundtaekle  just  in-i.li' 
Prisoners  L'ock.  and  vessels  are  reported  to  have  iiddeii  out  stnui;;'  southerly  nales  in  s,ilei\  n 
these  nioorinjis.  It  is  said  the  sea  ne\er  breaks  at  theni,  but  that  the  ''orce  of  the  under  teu  1^ 
stronjr. 

Steaiii'is  trelu'rally  run  in  between  the  Head  and  Prisoners  Pock  and  lie  at  one  ot'  the  iiKmi 
in<;  bm)ys. 

\'e>sels  do  not  lie  at  the  wharf  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Head  on  account  of  the  .swell  hihI 
undertow:  but  they  are  moored  bowout  a  few  yards  from  it,  and  the  lurrdier  is  loweied  to  ih,  1 
decks  by  a  d"rrick  on  the  wharf.  In  the  northeast  part  of  the  bay  there  are  a  saw-mill  and  a  cliuir 
wheiu'e  the  liimiier  is  taken  on  lij;liters  to  vessels  at  the  moorin},'s. 

Tulis  lit  I'l-iiiiiliiil  /v///— The  Corrected    P'stablishment,  or  mean  interval  between  the  tii I' 

the  moon's  transit  and  the  lime  ot'  hi;^h  water,  is  \  \''  L'T".  The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  tides  is  tour  :iiiii 
si\  teiiliis  tcet :  of  spriiij;  tides  li\e  aiid  se\eiiteiiths  feet  ;  and  of  neap  titles  three  and  ti\  e  leii'h- 
feet.  Tiie  mean  duration  of  the  llood  is  tl''  Itl'",  ami  of  the  ebb  ti''  Oil'",  reckoning;  from  the  midiil'  ol 
«'aeh  stand;  the  mean  diiratiim  of  the  stand  isO''  ."iS" ,  The  iveraj,'e  dill'ereiice  between  thecoiict  1.  d 
establislinieiiis  ot'tlie  a.  m.  and  (i.  m.  tides  of  the  same  day  isl'tlT"  tor  the  hi;;h  w  airis,  iiml 
(I''  -IT'"  for  the  low  waters.  The  dilleiences  when  the  moon's  <leclinalion  is  j;reatest  are  I'  |(>'  ninl 
ti'  o7"'  lespectiv  (iy.  The  a\  ci  a;:i' tlillei  iiice  in  hei;;lit  of  thesi' two  tides  is  one  and  four  ll■lllh^ 
teel  for  the  liij;li  waters,  and  two  and  three  ten  I  lis  feet  for  the  low  waters.  When  the  niooii'sdei  I  na 
t  ion  is  greatest,  theM-  dillei  ciices  are  respec  tixfly  t  wo  and  one-half  feet  and  three  and  ei;;lil  l(iiili> 
feet,  rile  a\  era;.'e  ililVereiice  of  the  hi;.;iH  r  hi'^li  and  lower  low  waters  of  the  same  day  is  sl\  ;iiiil 
se\eii  teiulis  tert,  and  when  the  moon's  dteliiiat ioii  is  greatest,  eijiht  and  three  tenths  feet.  Tlir 
liii;lier  lii;,'ii  tide  of  the  twciiix  t.iiir  hniiis  occurs  abniil  10'' -17"  after  the  moon's  upper  tr.in-ii 
will  II  I  Ml  declination  is  iioi  ih,  ami  1'  .is  bctbie  when  her  declination  is  south.  The  huer  ol  ihr 
low  waters  occurs  about  7'  OO"  allcr  the  lii;:her  of  the  hi^li  waters.  The  greatest  obserxed  dilhi 
I'lice  between  the  hi;,diest  liij;h   wiiler  and  lowest  low  water  was  nine  and  one  half  feel. 

To  liiid  tiie  time  a,ld  height  of  miin  tide  tliron;,dloul  the  .\ear  consult  the  Pacilie  (  oasl  'lull' 
Tal.les  issued  aiiiiuall\  liy  the  I'.S.  Coast  and  (Jeodetie  ,Sui  \ey.  I'or  the  reipiiied  il.ile  1  ikc 
the  I  lines  and  hei;:lits  for  .\stoi  ia,  and  tVoiii  the  ^i\en  t  iine  of  lii;;li  water  subtract  1'  os  .junl 
from  the  liei;:lit  siibiiaci  one  and  si\-tentlis  feet;  from  the  ;^i\en  time  of  low  water  siihini 
P'  .'{.".'",  and  fioiii  the  heiuhl  sntitiact  one  tciilh  of  a  foot. 

The  l,\  pe  prcnliai  ities  of  the  Pacilii'  ( 'oast  tales  were  lirst  obseivt'd  at  this  port  in  .III  lie.  I  ."•■ 
by  !!,  i-eta  and  llodej.;a. 

TiiiNiDAii  in;  Ml  i.Kiiii  ti(H  .si;. 


This  is  a  )iiiinary  sea  I'oast   Li;:lit.     'I'he  liuildiiii.'s  Ibr  the  Liyht  are  located  <mi  the  soiiIm  in 
pitch  of  the  Head,  si.\ty  iards  trom  the  waiei  and  one  liiimlred  and  i'ii;hty  tcet  above  the  sea  i  m  1. 


~"  mL 


I'AOIKIO   COAST    I'lI-OT.  335 

Till  iKwi'i'ortlii^  Iii;;lit  is  a  tVustiini  of  a  si|Uiirc  pynitnid  liuilt  of  brick  niid  painted  white,  and  riHing 
('l-hici'ii  It'ct  IVoin  tlii^  ))asc  Id  tilt'  local  jtlanc.  It  is  siiriiioiinlcil  by  a  laiilcrn,  dome,  and  railing 
|i,iiiilid  111!.  Tlic  iiliiiiiinatiiif;  apparatus  is  of  tlic  Iburtli  order  ol"  tlie  system  of  I'rt'snel.  It  was 
liivt  ('xiiil)iti'i]  ill  1S71  and  shows  IVoni  nuwtn't  \n  sam\H(' n  Jl.rctl  white  lii/lit  raried  hi/ <i  red  Jlimh 
ii-iiii  miniili'.     Tilt'  while  liglit  shows  II I'ty -one.  seconds  and  tlicred  llash  nineset;onds.     (Novftnber 

1.  !"''>'!.> 

il  illiiiiiinajcs  the  entire  hori/.on,  but,  as  tlio  hi<;li  {jrtiiind  of  the  Head  cuts  oil"  part  of  tho 
li.iD/iiii,  lilt'  arc  of  \isjliiiity  over  tht^  walei'  is  two  hiintlreil  and  ftinrteen  anil  a  hall'  ile^rees, 
.xiciniiii.i:  from  nortiiwest  by  north  (NNV.  by  N.)  loiinil  by  west,  south,  antl  ea>t  to  east  by  north 
on.  iij:iiiii  iicpitli  (I'..  Iiy  N.  i  N.).  Tliis  inelntles  OtV-Trinitlad  Jfoek  and  tlu^  reel'  to  the  northwest 
III   il  jimI  i)iiiibli'  lii'ail  li'iick  iitV  liie  eastern  slioi'e  of  tjie  harbor. 

Tlif  I'dcm!  iiiaiieof  tlie  lens  is  elevated  tine  hiintlred  and  ninety-eight  I'eet  above  the  mean  level 
111'  I  ill'  sc.i,  and  the  light  shoultl  lie,  visible,  under  I'avorab'j  t:ontIitit>ns  of  thtt  weather,  from  a 

lii'i,i;lit  of— 

111  (iMt  ill  ;i  ilist.iiiri'  111'  I'.l.-'  mill's. 

'Jil  IVrt  lit  il  iliHliinri'  of  "il.:!  mill's. 

Itli  frrt  ill  il  iliNtiiiii r  'J'.'.."i  mill's 

i;ii  li-rl  ill  il  ilistiinri'  lit' ','.'1.1  mill's. 

'fill'  liglitliousc  keeper's  tl'velling  is  ii  two-story  wooden  liiiiltling,  painted  white.  It  is  situated 
;iliiiiil  lil'ly  yards  to  the  nortlieasf  ol'tlie  tower  and  abciit  lui  the  same  level.  The  usiml  oiithoii.ses 
iiir  II  till'  rear  of  llif  thvelliiig. 

Till'  jjeogiaphieal  iiosition  of  the  Liglit-hoii.se,  as  ileterminetl  by  thts  L.  S.  (Joast  and  (ieodetio 

.Sun  I  \ .  is  : 

l.iitiliiili"  11     ii:t'  01"  iiortli. 

l,iili;;ilMili' I',M     ii'.i    (i:i'    Wl'st. 

1  ir,  ill  tiiiii' HI'  ICi'"  iD'.'J. 

1  ill'  iiia;;iielie  variation  for  .lamniry.  ISiSn,  was  LS^  ;$!,"  east,  wilh  a  yeaily  increase  of  I'.l. 
r'liiiii  llie  light-house  we  give  the  following  bearings  antl  tlistances  to  jirominent  object.s: 

t'ii|ir  Mi'iiiliK'iiiu  l.i^lii  liiiiisi' mill  iiitrrvlsililr) .Smilli.  IWj  miloH. 

lUiiiirft  Hi'i'l.  •itV  ('ii|ii'  MiiiiliMini) .S.      I'  W.  ;!1H  miles. 

Wliislliiijir-I y  (ilV  liliiiu'.s  i.'.if S.       ,".  W.  li'.IJ  mill's. 

IliimlHillt   l.inlitliDiisi' S,       -  1;.  I7i  mill's. 

iliimliiilill  Wliislliiijj-limiy,  ill  III  fiilliiiiiis S.      U  K.  lT',iMili'». 

Cii'si'i'iit  City  l.iijlit  liiiiiso  (nut  iiiti  r\  isililr) N. 'JU  \V.  ■I'Ji  mill's. 

SI.  (!i'iir;;r's  l.'ii'f.  inniiDsi'il  liKlit-liiiiisr"  (nut  iiili'i-N  isilili'l \      :iil  W.  'l-l  inlli'H. 

Ciipii  Oil'oiil   l-iiilit-liiinsi'  (tint    intrlvisllilr).. N      '-'"  \V.  |ii'-4  Inili'it. 

I'n\  li'iu'lv,  nil'  llic  Url'oiil  l.'ii'i' uiiil  inl'ivisilili") N.    oil  \V.  ;ii:.i  milrs. 

Tins  li;;lit  was  tiriginally  established  as  a  revolving  r       ighl  and  was  tirst  exhibileil  Decen.ber 

I.  b:i. 

I'lii'ic  is  no  fiig-sigiial  at  this  light-station. 

'fill'  scniinlai'N  astroiiomii'iil  stalion  of  the  ('oast  Survey  in  1S.">;>  vv;i  "ii  the  neck. just  nj)  Voni 
I'lic  liMiii  I, Hilling,     lis  geographical  position  is: 

l.iiiilnili' 11     11;;     'Jd   .11  nnrlli. 

l."ii;;ilnil.'  I'JI     OS'    \U'       «,.„t. 

I  Pi,  in  liini' >''  111'"  ;!:iMI. 

Till'  toirn  "/  Tiitiiddil  lias  greatly  impio\  t'd.  The  lumber  interest  is  very  great  ainl  igi'iinltiire 
li;i>wi\  largely  ile\  ilopeil.  Tiie  soil  is  rich  and  winter  liiiiis  are  aliini'laiit.  The  iiilwnuil  trees 
111  till' Miiniiy  grow  to  an  eiioi  iiioiis  size.  The  stiiiiiji  of  one  we  measiired  in  l.S.Vi  \mis  about 
i"iiii\  lii'i  111  ilianieter,  and  a  dozen  trees  staiitling  in  the  \icinity  averaged  over  ten  tiil  'fhe 
tin  ■,  .^iiiw  uidi  pertectly  straight  liiinl^s,  retain  their  thickness  to  a  great  height,  be^in  '  ueh 

Il  liiiv  'n  line  liiiinlied  feet,  anil  l'rei|neiitly  attain  two  hnnilrcd  and  tifty  feet  in  leugib 

••  \'.\  I'ncitoile  la  Trinidad"  was  ilweovered  .liiiie  10,  I77."».  by  Heceta  and  lliidega.  w  lio  aiiclnired 
tin  Ir  III  veveii  fathoms  oxer  coarse  sand  and  spent  nine  days  in  surxt'ying  it.  placing  it  in  hititutle 
Il  II.  .  They  niaile  a  good  plan  of  the  bax.aiitl  ascended  the  jiitule  los  Tortolas  or  Pigeon  Itiver, 
II""  '  illiil  the  Little  Triniilatl  lliver,  for  one  league.  On  the  Slli  of  J  une,  before  making  the 
liinl.  Alien  i\\ent\  live  miles  north  of  Tiiiiidail  and  thirty  miles  otV  the  etiast,  they  fountl  that  a 

'Till'  mil  lliwi'suiiimiisl  lurk  111' llm  Cii'si'i'iit  I'ily  lii'tl'. 


.  !l 


330 


PACIFIC    COAST    I'lLOT. 


iiini'iit  to  tlio  soutli  li:!'l  cairk'tl  llii'iii  twt'iit.v  iiiiu'  miles  .soutli  of  tlicir  i!al<'tiliittMl  jmsitioii  in  .  , 
<l;iy  of  ciilin  wt'Dtlicr.  On  llm  lltli  of  ,Imit'  tln'\  "took  ]w>.sa«'Nsi()ii''  of  tlic  I'oiiiitrv  ami  fji'^''  ''" 
l>i>rt  its  prcsiMit  iiaiiic.  Ilcn^  tlicy  liarttTt'tl  aii<l  ohtaiiictl  from  tlu^  natives  soin(>  liailly  iim'Ii- 
kiiivos  of  iron  that  st'i'inetl  to  bo  jiiocos  cut  from  old  sal>r*'s  wliicli  llicy  liail  ohtaiiicd  from  i  , 
iiortliwani ;  one  was  markeil  with  an  (L).  They  fonnil  three  hnntlred  Indians  of  lioth  sexes. 
It  was  visited  in  .May,  IT'.K!,  In  Vaneouver,  who  .says  (\'ol.  M,  |ia;;e  '2\'t): 

111  an  rxciirsiiin  made  li.v  Mr.  Mi'ii/ii'.s  lo  tlio  lull  iimiiMiHiiif;  tin'  ]iro.ji'iliii);  In  adlainl  llial  fciniis  tin' iiiirlliw  ,i 
.siilo  111'  till'  lia.v,  111'  founil,  ,ij;ri'ralil.v  with  Sifnvr  Maiurlli's  ilrKiripliKii.  Ilin  (  wiinilriO  rinss  wliirli  tlir  Span  Ian  li  !;  i.| 
rrictril  nil  tlii'ir  takiiij;  iio-wi'ssiiiii  nf  tlii<  iiiirl ;  anil  tliini;;li  II  was  In  a  crilain  Hiato  iif  ili'rav,  it.  ailinitliil  m  ■  ^ 
cniiyin^  till' t'lillinvin;;  Insiiiiitiiin  :   "  ('ariilim  III.     I)i'i  (!.  lljupanianini  K'l'X." 

Vaneouver  placed  it  in  latitude  II  '  (tl'  north.     (Vol.  1,  iiay;e  LMIO.) 

The  Indian  iii"ne  of  tlie  bay  is  Slio'  ran. 

In  the  charts  of  the  riiiled  States  I'^.xplorin;;  Kxpedition,  IS4I,  the  indentation  of  tliecniM 
Iti'tween  Mendocino  ami  Trinidad  was  called  "  Hay  of  Trinitlad;"  tins  included  llnnihohlt  \\:\\  .1-. 
jiart  of  the  liijiht. 

A  |irclimiiiar\  chait  id'  the  hay  was  puhlishid  by  the  'oast  Survey  in  Isol,  and  in  Is;;,  ,, 
careful  hyiiiiij;raphii'  sui'xcv  wa.--  completed  of  the  bay  and  its  approaches  from  the  muiji  ;i!,| 
south. 

Till  lii/dniiiiiiiiliii  ill  till-  iipjtrniiilKs  to  Triniihul  Hni/. —  I'^roin  tlu'  southward  up  to  abre:i^:  ..| 
Mad  Kiver  tin-  teiit'atlioin  liii(>  of  soumliii}:'s  is  found  alioiit  one  mile  from  shore:  thciiii'  it 
jrradnally  leaves  the  shore  to  two  miles  abreast  the  Little  Trinidad  Hi ver,  where  the  (iveliiilinin 
lim<,  over  line  };ray  saml  and  mica,  is  within  thr>  e  (jiiarters  of  a  mile  of  the  shore,  and  the  lo\\ 
walir  licaih  is  three  hundred  yards  brnad. 

Abii'ast  of  Trinidad  Ilcail  the  ten  Ihthom  line  of  soundin^^s  is  nearly  half  a  ini!;-  b'op.  vimir 
over  a  bottom  of  line  f,'ray  sand,  with  rock  in  some  jilaces ;  tlio  twcnty-fatiioin  line  is  t wo  ;•..,  ;  ,1 
(piarier  miles  disiani,  over  line  j;ray  sand,  shells,  and  mica;  and  the  I hirt,\- fathom  line  is  i.iiir 
miles  nut,  iiM'i'  bottom  of  line  ^^lay  sand,  an.!  sometimes  mica.  Outside  of  thirty  fatlioms  iln' 
bottom  ehaii^'is  to  line  ^nay  sand  and  nintl,  and  the  fortyllxi- fathiun  sonmlin;;s  li\e  ami  a  h  .li 
miles  out  are  over  soft  .uii'cn  mud.  The  one  hundred  fathom  line  is  nine  and  oni' third  milc^  dl 
shine,  with  the  bntloni  hard  Inovvn  mud.  The  I wohiindred  lathoni  line  is  twelve  lades  oiil  ain! 
appears  to  approach  the  coast  to  the  northward  ;  the  bottom   is  hard  brown  mud. 

DKKP  SKA  sorNniNos. 

On  the  '_'Slh  and  L'iMh  of  October,  I.sTl.  a  line  of  deep  sen  sonniliiiKS  was  run  by  the  I  >. 
sleaiiur  'I'lisninirn  to  the  westward  of  irinidad  Head  to  the  deep  plaieau  of  the  I'acili",  nl 
thence  a  short  line  [larallel  with  the  coast.     They  are  as  I'oIIonvs: 


linn,  TniniUl  I.i-M.       '■■"""■^'       l""tili"l'       ,i.,lh..m.l.     ,Ki",,n  nli.lt  i. 


I'lilllilr',  r  nf  (inllnni. 


.)/.(.< 


H  S.  Tiii    W 

1,1  S,  .-.Ti  W 

ail  S  01     W 

'J9  S   111!    W . 

411  S.  IW    W 

r."i  8. 11:14  w 

f.7  K.  71    W 

111:1  S    IH     W 

135  S.  IW    W 

i:;r.  s::i   w 

1:17  s.  77  w. 


i.'ii 

127 
144 

in 


S.  82    W   

S.  It)    w 

s.  fUj  w" 

H.  82»  W 

s.  h;ij  W   41 

S.  C.4  W   


II 

I'l 

IL'4 

111 

i>i: 

11;  <J 

I'liiy.  niiiil,  Hiitl  11 .,;:«!. 

4\ 

.1.1 

r.'i 

■>; 

'.'111 

N^'liillMli  rliiy,  iMi/f.  tliii.  Hitlut. 

II 

III) 
III 

IL'l 

r.'4 

:i.'i 
1- 

IHlll 

41 

X..  1^ 

I>... 

41 

ii2 

)'-•:. 

"4 

1 ,  M-pi: 

34.7 

Dm. 

41 

11:1 

j-.r, 

li'i 

1    l!!l- 

Do. 

41 

11:1 

..,- 

:l^ 

1  I'ltil'l 

Willi  ttli    rlilV    iK</t\   I'itlt'iin'oiiH 

iiniiiili-  <4lit'lU. 

4" 

:i(i 

l.r 

■»~ 

1, 70:1 

'iri>rnit4|i  t'tiiy  ttu/.f. 

III 

51 

c'» 

1..VJI 

liri'viiiHh  1  lii\  Htitt  no/<>  iiinl 
|»iir(ii  li'M  hI'  rtiiixl. 

41 

"7 

1.'7 

III 

1. 1'I'.i 

('lav  (Mt/i-. 

41 

ICi 

'■-'" 

IJ 

l,,i:,il 

ralriiri'iiiiH  H.iii(t  \vitli  l<i.«  K 
-*IH.  ks  llliil  ^lM■i^ 

41 

'.".1 

lL*7 

-'T 

I,llli7 

Clay  and  lirn\M    un/.i'. 

t\ 

;i(i 

l:'7 

II 

l.7.'l 

'iiri'iiiHli  1  l-v. 

41 

:i2 

rjr, 

■.1 

l.i>ii 

35.1 

i*la\  IHI/.I'. 

41 

:iii 

11.'7 

II 

IHKl 

34.  U 

Koi  k,  |iai'li<)<-H  of   M;i<  k  h;iim!. 

41 

:iK 

IL'II 

11:1 

1,707 

Huiw  '1  iiii/i> 

41 

.•.4 

I'.'H 

.'ill 

1,  HI  1.1 

34.2 

Vi'Ih  w  liriiwii  m«f. 

IIHIIV  lllililc 


piiiiiards  Ii.kI 
inilli'il  III'  U\t 


I'Ach'k;  coast  imi.ot. 


337 


'I'licsr  smiiMliiifrs  iiliii'ily  sliow  lluit  tlic  (Iccp  ))liiti'iiii  of  tlic  racific  in  not,  so  cloao  to  tlio  slioro 
ilV  ihis  part  ol'  tlio  t-oast  a.s  it  is  to  tlio  soiitliwanl  of  (  aiic  .'Mt'iidotMiio. 


UOCKV    I'OINT. 


ic  ('(lasllint'  iiimiiiii;'  live  and  a  lialC  miles  noitli  fwiMityt  wo  (lejircos  west  (N.  2L'"'  AV.)  t'r 


om 

'I'liiihiail  lleail  to  Kocl^y  I'oiiit,  is  rocky,  witli  nioilcratfiy  liij;li  dills,  risiiij^- one  liunilrt'il  and  twenty 
li,  !  Iiove  llie  sea,  and  lior(;''.«(l  liy  },'ieat  ininiliers  of  rocks  and  small  rocky  islets,  mostly  within 
li.iii  .1  mile  from  tlie  shore,  alllion^'li  three  of  tlu'Mi  are  a  mile  ont,  and  hidden  dan^rers  lie  nearly 
;i>  111'  fruMi  shore.  The  snmmil  of  the  elilVs  is  covered  with  forests  of  redwood  sparsely  Iringeil 
wiih  iiak  and  sernU  |)ine  to  the  ed^c 

Kiicky  Point  is  niMrly  half  a  mile  hroad,  north  and  south,  with  a  sli<jlit  iiulentation  on  the 
soiiiiicasi  side,  and  a  sharp  swccji  of  iiall  a  mile  to  the  eastward  on  the  north  side,  of  it.  The 
slinic  is  liold  and  the  clilfs  reach  two  linnilrcd  feet  in  height.  It  is  liordi'i'cd  by  locks  which  lie 
I\Mi  iiiiiiilicd  to  ti..  "  liiindred  yards  oil'  slnne  ;  and  it  has  no  low  water  beacli  except  a  few  narrow 
>;iriclics  on  th((  mnth  shore.  The  }fcn(-ral  snit'ace  of  the  |i(iinl  is  iihont  two  hninli'ed  and  thirty 
I'cct  ahove  the  sea,  and  is  co\cred  with  oak  and  scrnlt  pine  lor  ha!  a  mile  liiu'k  to  tin'  j^rcat  red- 
wddil  liiicst.  Altove  and  tliion;.'h  this  oak  forest  rise  twi>  hare  rocky  ]>oints  or  pintnn-les;  tlio  one 
uiili;ii  two  hnndrcil  and  twenty  yards  of  tlie  shore  is  two  linnilrcd  ami  til'tx'  feet,  and  tln^  inner 
dill'  I-;  1  uii  III 


inilred  and  seventv  feet  hi'di. 


I  iiicc  ijnarlers  of  a  mile  from  Tiiiiidad  Head.  aloii,u  the  coast   towards  llocky  Point,  there  is 
a  >.iiiall  iiiiinded  jioint  projecti"t;'  somewhat  from  the  general  trend  of  the  shore  and  lea\  inu  a  cove, 

liclwci'll 


it  and  the  Head.     It  is  full  of  visilile  n 


ind  hiilden  danuers.     Two  and  threeoiiarters 


mill's  iioi ill wf'st ward  from  the  Ileail  there  is  a  narrow  ,  sharp  point,  locally  known  as  Scolty's  I'oint. 
lti<iiMiy  two  hnndred  ^ards  loiii;'  and  seventy  xan's  wide.  At  four  and  two  filths  miles  froie  the 
Hi:  il  1-;  a  moderately  broail  and  sharp  pointed  inojection,  locally  known  a.<  I'atiick's  Point. 

\\  nil  these  Jilt  till},',  rafTfzed  jioints  ami  the  indentations  hetweeii  them  tilled  with  rocks,  and 
uilii  ihe  niillyin;;  rocky  islets  i'ril  daii;;eis.  the  siiore  is  iiiacccssilile  to  boats. 

The  followin^i  details  dcsciilie  the  slio;il  stretch  <if  (oast  from  Tiinidad  Head  to  Kocky  Point. 

Ih.iiiU  Pock  and  OlVTrinidad  Pock,  with  the  dangers  in  the  iiiiiiiediate  \  icinity  of  llieni,  have 
.ihi.iily  111  en  descrihed.     (See  l.'ocky  Islets  in  the  aiijiroachcs  to  Trinidad  Pay,  jiajics  .'>.!l-.'i.'!.'!.) 

<li<rii  luiiL. — This  rocky  islet,  so  naiiied  fmin  its  grassy  siimniit.is  one  hiiiidrcd  and  eij;ht 
li'i  I  liii;li  and  one  hiiiiilred  and  lifty  yiids  in  extent.  Il  lies  Iinc  hnndred  and  tilty  yanls  oil  shore, 
and  niie  and  thiee  fifths  miles  nortli  fori>  tliiee  dcuieis  west  (N.  I.'i  '  W.)  Iroiii  Trinidad  I.i;:lit- 
limisc,  I  III  I  nearly  half  a  mile  shore  ward  of  the  line  of  \  isihility  ol'  the  I.ijihI.  Sound  inus  are  not 
laid  iliiwii  mar  it.     Many  small  visible  rocks  lie  inshore.     The  t  weiil>  •tathom    line  of  sinindinj;s 


lies  I!rail\ 


I  wo  miles  broad  olV  shore  abreast  of  « 


il'ieli   liiicK. 


.1  1,'iitk  iiiriisli  :i\  liiyli  water  lies  south  seveiilv  li\e  dei:rees  west  (S.  T.l'  \\.),  distant  seven 
liiiU'liid  yards  from  (Jieeii  Pod;.  I'roin  the  l.i^iht  lionse  it  bears  north  liftytlii'ce  dej;i'ees  west 
(N.  ."i.l  \V.),  <listant  one  and  one  ipiai'ter  miles,  luit  it  is  oii(>  Ininilreil  and  lifty  yaids  shoreward  of 
iJ!!' liiii' of  \  i.M'iiility  of  the  liifiht.  Within  two  hundred  \arils  of  it  there  is  a  depth  of  lift  ecu 
lailiiiiiis  111'  water  o\ei'  rocky  bottom. 

.1  riiiii/dtliiiin  .sinihiii  fi'cl:  lies  half  a  mile  south  sixiy-sixand  a  half  ilei:iees  vest  (.S.  (KJ.p  \\',) 
tVniii  (Inen  li'ock,  and  one  and  a  qiiaiter  miles  north  litl,\  seven   and  a  half  de;;reei  wi-sl  (N.  ."iTA^ 

\\ .  I  II I  he  !a};ht  lioiise.     1 1  is  just  seaward,  or  w  iilnn  the  arc  of  \  isilniitv  nf  the  I. iu  hi.  and  Ihe 

wi  >iiiii  laiii;entsof  Oil  Ti  in  id  ad  Pock  and  P.  lank  P'ocU  are  nearly  in  ian.-e.  It  has  til  I  ecu  fathoms 
ut  uitci  around  it.  with  foul  boltoni  and  ci;;lil  to  tc-  'alhonis  of  water  loi'  half  a  mile  in  the 
i'i,.'iicin  of  the  I.iuht  house.     It  breaks  \erv  seldom. 


Till,  Miiil.i  II  incLs  lie  north  (ilty  dcfirces  west  (N.."i(t    W.I   three  lilll 


and  fonrlitihs  of  a  mik' 


lii'iii  •iicen  Pock,  and  north  fortv  li\ 


e    ile"iees  w  e 


■-I   iN.  I."i    *\.Hwo  and   one  tilth    ami  two  ami 


l^^diitlis  miles  from  the  Pijiht  house.  The  former  has  thirleeii  and  I  liree  i|aarters  fathoms  uf 
"all  1  rinse  to  the  southeast,  but  no  soninlin;;s  are  laid  dou  ii  hence  to  the  iioi  t hern  lock.  At  one- 
i|Haiiii  lit  a  mi'e  northwest  from  the  noiihern  bleaker  iheieisa  depth  of  tiftecn  fathoms,  and 
>iMi!lrin  r.ilhoms  about  three  tenths  of  a  mile  to  Ihe 
air  ill'  Msjbilily  i,f  the  I,i;;ht. 


si  waul.     Pioih  rocks  lie  shoreward  of  tlr 


117"/,'  /.•„,/,•, 


led  from  its  appearance,  is  a 


lull   islet  lolly  li\  eighty  yards  in  extent  and 


iMii' 1 dud  and  tliJiM   feel   above  the  sea.      I'.iil    il    lies   onh    two   liiiiidied    and    lill\    yardsoll'a 


jirojeciin^,  wooded  head,  one  Inindreij  and   l'i>ri,\  \'i't'\  liii:li 


Il  lies  three  iiuarti'i's  ol 


ile 


iiiii:li  of  tiiccn  Pock,  aiid  one  and  seven  •  iirhihs  miles  I'loni  Trinidad  Head. 
171' J I  1'  I' L'li 


'  i 

nil 

!  : 

■ 

r, 


m 


m 


If  ( 


Hi' 


nii 


3oS  I'ACIIIC    ('((AST    I'll.OT. 

AiiofluM"  iiislioro  mcky  islet,  scvpiity-rivf  yiinls  in  cxloiit  ami  (iiic  liiimlroil  ami  lifty  ft'ct  lii;  li 
lies  tliicc  lil'llis  (it'll  iiiiit'  olVslioi't',  ami  two  and  .scvciitcnllis'iniics  nortii  thirty  tiircc  dc^'rct's  w.  ^ 
(N.  aP  \V.)  f'nim  tilt"  l.i^litiiKiisc. 

Cdik'  A'iii/.-.  iiaiiu'il  iVoiii  its  sliaiic.  is  only  thirty   liy  sixty  yards  in  extent  and  forty  I'ect  ali"\i 
the  sea.     It  lies  three  and  three  qnarters  miles  north  lorty-two  dejjrecs  west  (N.  Hi  ^  \V.)  from  M;i 
I.i^ht  house,  and  o\er  the  ea^t  tai-^cut  ol'  (ireeii  itix'k.      It  is   isolateil,  and  lies  one  mile  oil'  .-.Iilk 
and  three  lil'llis  of  a  mile  outside  tll(^  sluue  rocks.     'I'lien-  is  a  depth  of  llt'leeu   fathoms  of  w:.  , 
close  around  it,  with  the  soiindin,i;s  deereasjnu'  to  twelve  aud   a   half  tathoms  in  half  a  mile  i 
ward  toa  small  rock  torty  feet  hi,t;h.     Seven  tenths  of  a  mile  outside  of  Cone  Koek   the  t 
fathom  soundings  are  over  a  hotlom  of  tine  ^ray    saiul;  aud   the   I  hirt.\  lalhoui   line  is  Just 
miles  distant  over  siudlar  liott(UU. 


Weill  \ 


I'hr  7'i/)'//<.v.  These  are  two  small  rocky  ish>ts  tuu' mile  broad  otV  Itocky  Point.  'I'Iu'n  ik 
two  hundred  aud  thirty  yards  apart  cui  a  northwest  half  west  heariuj;.  The  northeintu'  oiiic 
Turtle  is  sixty  by  forty  yaids  in  extent  and  twenty  feet  hi};h;  the  southern  or  iuiu'r  Turtle  i 
about  one  half  the  exleiil  of  the  i  ''ter,  but  lifty  feet  above  the  sea.  Fi(uu  the  northern  extremii  •  n 
liocky  I'oiut  the  outer  Turtle  ''im  -s  s(Uith  fortyti\c  dei;rees  we.'-t  (S.  \'i  W.)  distant  (uu'  ;  i 
three-tenths  miles;  and  t'roui  Trinidad  I.ij.fht  house  it  bears  luulh  thirty  lixc  ami  a  half  de;;ii c 
west  (X.  o.lA"'  \V.)  distai't  tivi'  and  one  tenth  miles;  but  it  is  lu'arly  tuo  miles  shoreward  ot'  Mu 
line  of  visibility  ot"  the  l.i;;ht. 

There  is  deep  water,  lifti'eu  to  sixteen  fathoms,  within  two  huudicil  yards  around  the  TiM!le> 
over  botloui  of  line  ^ra,\  sand.  The  bottom  inside  them  is  Imd.  « i'li  /(ro /'/•(((/.('/■.v,  tliiee  ti  nth 
and    fourtenths  ot' a   mile  east    of  liie   (Uiler  Turtle,  and    then    \isibli'   rocks  towards  the  sliiie 


TL 


ese  rocl<v 


islet.- 


a  I'avoiite  resiul  of  seals  and  sea  lions. 


The  tweut  vtathom   line  of  soiiudin^^'s  is  half  a  mile  outside  tln'  luitcr  Tiiille,  over  botii 


•  '!i:,  over  sill!. 1.11 


tine  ^'lav  sand  and  biokeii  shells,  aud  the  thii  t\  tatlKUu  line  (uie  aud  a  half  miles 

bottom;  the  tbrtylathom  line  is  two  and  a  half  miles  outside,  o\'er  a  botlcuii  oi  sand  ami  miiil 

The  Turtles  wtie  named  by  the  Coast  SiiiNcy  iii  Is.'iO. 

SiiKiidiiKtu  <itl'  /I'lic/.i/  I'niiil. — ^Tlic  ten  t'alhom  line  of  souudines  is  onl\  half  a  mih'  from  sli..;i., 
over  bottom  of  line  uray  sand  and  mica  ;  tiie  t  weut\  la  t  lion  i  line  is  one  and  I  lireeleiit  lis  mile-  oi), 
o\  cr  tine  ;;iay  sand;  the  t  liii  lytalholii  line  islwo  ;iud  a  half  miles  distant,  w  ith  boltoui  ol  hm 
tiv.xy  sand,  iiiieu,  and  luokiMi  shells;  and  the  tin  lyt'athom  line  is  four  miles  Ironi  slioie.  v,  .ih 
Kand\  ami  muddv  bottom,  sometimes  slick\. 


essels  I  Ulilillii;  siilU  li   | 


ih  \i:\"\    I; 


oiiit  and  bound  to  Trinidad  I!ay  should  ;:i\e  ihi    Ti 


and  Cone  Kock  a  beiih  ol  hall'  a  mile  and  ciuitiniie  on  liieir  course  until  the  l.i.uht  i>  opeiii-d,  w  !:( 
tliev  can  ueiieralh  haul  in  and  follow  tlie  directions  alreativ  j;i\eii. 


From  loi 


lilt  we  h,i\i'  the  I  olio  w  in;;-  direct  ioi)s  and  distal 


ices  to  lin]iol'aiiI   objeel- 


H  '.r  P 


Wliisiliii;;  liimy  ell   bin  lit '^   I.'itI S. 

('a pi'   .MiMiilcM  iiiii  l.inlil-liuiiM' s. 

V\  lii>lliii;i  Ilimy  ciir  lliiiiili'ilili   tial-    S. 

Iliiiiili.ilill  l.i-lil  hill 
Trlniilail  bi^hl-hiiii.- 
Iliihlili;;'.  Kiiil, 

Clr-iilil   CilV    l.ll,'lll 

SI.    iM-lllyi's    l.'l   I    I     •      ( 


1     i; 


li'.l  mill's. 
i:t    iiiih'N. 


lux  KiiiK.  II 


ii  i; 


Cajii'  iiil'i'lil  l.i'-hl   h 


!■     O" 

I    iuti'l'Visililr) 

S . 

•J- 



N. 

O 

1HIII>*I 

N. 

V 

snl    |i"Ilt-Il(Hl^lO         

N. 

■\ 

V 

.\ . 

., 

\i     W.         t:ij  niih' 
T     null' 


1       W. 


U      \V.  l:i     Iliilrs. 


W.       lent  Mii',1' 
W.       in:',,  mil.' 


The  ;reo;;laiihic:il  position  of  till'    (Ul  ter  one  of  the  two  r.  clj\     pinnacles  ii>iu;:  aliove  I  h 
on  I;ock\   I'oint  has  been  determined  b\    the  1.  .S,  (  o;isI  and  (ieodetic  Siir\'e\  as  follovs: 


l.atiniili' 


II 


l.iiliniliiih   l','l 


Or,  ill  tiiiii' 


iia    ','-  .7  wisi. 
jti'"  at'. '.I. 


The  iiiaL.'uelic  \aiialliin  was  l.s     .l.l'  c:i>.|  m  .laniiaiy.  ls.S."^i.  ;inii  increases  I  .1  aiiniiall,\. 
N'aiieoiiver    noted    llie    luokcn    ami    roehv   sirelcli    ol'>lioic    liciice   to  Tiiniilad    lie, 


named  iis  pi  ojeelion    Itockv  I'oiiil  :  but  on  the  chart  the   nan 
placed  II  in  latllnde  II     ()s'. 


le    IS  iipplii 


eil  closi 


lo  the  lb 


1  111'   mil  lliurslrllimii'-l    Inrk   III    I  111'  (    ll'M'i'llI    ClI  \     l^i  I'l, 


rAcii'u;  COAST  I'li.or. 


339 


¥    s 


y  ft'<M  In.l 
t'L'rct's  u.  . 


ITII  ol'  (i;i:i'i 
icr  Tun  !r  N 
cxtrniiil'  ni 
lint  one  :<ii<l 

lllllf  (Ic^lcl'v 
\V:1I<1    i'\'     'i. 


:'V     lllltllllll     l<\ 

,  OViT  siliiilill 
:miiI  niii'l 

•  frniii  .-.h.  .r. 
Ills  inilr^  ntl, 

Ittdlll     ol     lillr 


On  'r('li('iiUon"s  cliiirt  it  is  naiin-d  <'ii]ii'  of  I'ncks  (oiill.vinf;  or  (IctacliiMl). 

■/'//(■  I. II  ml  I'll  1 1  lot'  tilt'  \  icinily  of  f  ilnnliitl  llcail  ainl  i.'orjxy  I'oiiit  (or  \  (";scls  apin'oarliintr  tlici 
(•(I.I -I  lioni  st-awanl  is  vci-.v  j;oo(l.  Tlic  tiioiintain  masses  oast  ward  ol'tliis  localit\  attain  elevations 
„\  >i\('i'  tliree  tlionsaiiil  leet  witliin  ten  miles  ot'  tiie  shore,  anil  of  mote  than  lour  tliousanil  feet  at 
los    lian  twenty  miles  Ik  ni  the  coast. 

I'.i  tween  latitudes  ■10"'  oil'  anil  11  1.")',  anil  niiifiinjr  IVom  live  to  ei^ht  miles  eastward  oC  Ti'in- 
iil.nl  Head,  tlu'.c  are  at  least  ei;;lit  jieaks  thai  ean  be  seen  over  lilt.v  miles  at  sea.  The  one  that  is 
iii-i  iiiaile  out  is  Trliiitji  Mniiiifniii,  \\lvv^'  thiuisand  and  twelve  fe(>t  above  the  sea.  and  l.vinj;  live 
mill- iiditlieast  by  east  (NK.  by  I"..)  iVoin  l.'oeky  I'liiut.  It  is  in  latiliule  ■(  I' ()!•'  Kt"  north,  lon;,'i- 
liHic  I-l    I'l'  ;'i(l"  West,  and  ean  be  seen  at  liliy  eifjlit  nnlos  outside  of  Iloeky  I'oint. 

\ltiiiiil  lloopdh. — Tills  is  the  highest  of  the  coast  mountains  immediately  behind  Trinidad 
111,;!,  lint  it  is  hidden  by  Trinity  and  other  mountains  when  a  vessel  is  nio(leratel.\  ch  si;  under 
til,  Iiiid.     It  is  ill  latitude  II  '  (I'.C  north,  loiif;itnde  \'S.\'  .'!7',  and  is  visible  at  a  distance  of  seventy 


llillc 


lllllll 


Mminl  h'imtl. — This  is  a  bare  and  I'ocUy  summit  reaching  an  elevation  of  four  fliousand  one 
liied  and  eighty  feet  ;  it  lies  lorty-lwo  miles  noilli  forty  and  a  half  (le;,'rees  east  (N.  Itt.P  I'..) 
rniiidad  Head,  and  fortythiee  and  a  half  miles  north  ei;;lity-se\  en  ('ejirces  east  (N.  ST"^  K.) 


li..iii  l.'iildin;;'  Itock.     It  is  the  culiiiinatin;;  jieak  of  the  llniiiboldt   Mountains,  which  (-rowil  dowi 
III  ilii'  sharp  bend  of  the  Klamath   River,  about   thir.'v  live  or  forty  miles  in  from  the  coast.     Tin 


iiiiiiin 
llilie  lilllK 


iiiii.s  bet «  cell  it  and  the  coast  reach  ele\  atioiis  ol' t  went  vei "lit  hundred  and  ten  and  twent\' 


lied  and  lill\   feet  between  the    Klamath    h 


1  i; 


i\er  ,iii(l   licdwooi 


|iiisiiiciii  of  Mount    Kiiiict    is  latitude  II  "  L!!!'  north.  loiij;itnde  ll 
liisliiiice  of  se\ cntv  miles. 


Ill  ('reek.     'I'lie  ;reotrra|ihical 
test,  and  it   is  visible  at  a 


le  of  these  mountains  are  seen  by  a  vessel  when  iij)  with  <'a|ie  Mendocino,  and  when  otV 


(IS',  licdilinj;  I'ock   is  \  isible 


:lii   |ii,ij;iin  Ifncl^s  of  the  Crescent  City  Ifeef. 

I'dhliiiij  It'dih. — Wlier  abreast  of  INicky  I'oint,  in  latitii.l, 

ll ixcssers  deck,  and  with   the  moriiin>i  sun   shinin;,'  upon   it    pri'sents  the  appearance  of  u 

\\IhI!'-1i  cone  of  cipial  sides  and  base.  \VIien  seen  tioiii  the  w  esi  soiilliwest,  the  iiniihern  face  is 
iii;iil\  iierpeiidicular  and  the  siiiilhcrn  face  slopes  about  one  in  t  w  o,  wiih  a  w  hitish  surface  and 
il.n  k  li.iM'.  When  seen  fioiii  the  west  northwi  si  at  a  di>lan  'e  of  four  miles,  il  appears  as  a  (run- 
IkI   mass  havinj;  a  height  of  two  thirds   the  base,  with  a  \  eiy  .Mi,L;lit  inclinalmii  to  the  nnrili- 


I  il 

l!iillllra-t 


the  b 


ise  is  dark  for  om   third   the  height,  then  whiic  w  itii  a  scar  in  the  soiitliei  n  face, 


riiruliile    (le|iiisit    is  doubijc.vs   fiiiiii    biids,  and    maybe  washi 


ll    olf 


in  w  inter. 


II 


s  ele\atiiili   IS 


Id   make   this   rock\    slet  about   sixtv  or 


iiulil\  three  leet  aliii\e  the  sea,  and  onr  estiiiiate  won 
MMiilv  ,\ai(ls  in  extent  inutli  and  south.  It  is  npin  ted  to  have  deeji  water  ;,11  around  it  :  but  its 
\i(inii>  has  not  becii  sur\e.\ei|.  NVe  have  be(  n  informed  thai  a  reef,  coinineiiein};  at  the  shore 
Ium  miles  aboM"  the  lock,  stretches  out  a  short  dislance  towaiils  it,  but  no  br.'akers  are  seen  tlirec- 
i|ii.iiiris  of  a  mile  from  shore.     \ Cssils  do  not  ',o  inside  of  it. 

b'cildiiiy:  Hock   lies  lour  and  a   half  miles  broad  olfdold  lUiilf  in  laiitiide  tl     IMC  L'-"  north, 


'li'jilinli'    IL'I      11'   .'III'    west.      It    is  nlniost   on    the   line   between 


roini  and  ('reseenl  City 


i-lii  liiiii.^c.     fioin  it  we  have  the  followiii;:'  beariii,t;s  ;iiid  distances  to  iiiiportant  points 


Hiirkx    I'.. int. 


s.  -jH   \: 


iiil  <  ii\  I.  IK  III  Imiii^i' N   '-'1    \V. 


I-.",   mil,' 


lllll.'S. 


NiirlliWfsl  Si-:il  liork,  Citsi'imiI  Citv  IJ.-if  j  jiiiipnM  ,1  liiilit]. 
\,iiHou\er  places    licdilin;;'   b'ock    In   !:'lilnile    11      :.'"i'  i 


\v.    :;m  m 


III   his  cliarl,  and   four  miles  oil  shore 


lull  111  ihe  nariati\e  states  the  dista'ice  at  half  a  league,  and  that   il  is. hall' a  iiiile  in  circuit.     His 
1  :ic  I,  lies  inside  of  it, 

I'l  licnkolf  calls  it  Iliid  Itock  It  receixcd  its  pioeiit  name  from  laeiiteiiant  McArlhiir  in 
I'^'iii,  1,1  lioiiiir  ol' i;,  IJ.  Iteddiii';,  of  (  aliloriiia. 

ill  .l.iiniaiy,  Kid.'I,  \i/.caino's  xc.-sels  weie  separated  dm  iiij;' liea\  y  southeast  weathei,  and  one 
III  11  rill  "hem;;  in  forl.Ndiie  de^iiecs  of  laliliiile  ran  beioie  the  wind,  and  Miy  nearto  {'a|:;' 
\li  iliiniKi,  .she  found  shelter  under  a  l.irj;e  rock\  islet,  where  she  reiiiaiiieil  at  anchor  until  the 
>l  111  111  h.iil  passed  ;  and  alter  I  he  w  iiid  had  lulled  the  ship  con  1 1  mud  her  coiii.-e  iioithwaid  eloso 
iumIi  1  I  he  land."     '11  le  con  text  shows  that  he  was  noi  lliw  aid,  or  in  the  vicinil.\  of  Cape  Mendocino, 

"lull  the  storii iniiieiiced  ;  and  Ins  laliliide  iiia\  beaccepled  as  nearly  correct.     W'earo  tsatislicd 

ili.il  ins  \c.s.s(|  .incliored  under  the  lee  ol  this  rock\  islet. 


I 


■I  ;S 


I.!.* 


P 


rACIlIC    COASI'    I'lI.OT. 


I'ACII'IC    COAST    I'll.DT. 


341 


\St,  Cllllll,'- 

cacli  '.'I'v  .1 

I'llli'lll  (  l;i| 

.)  illlll  llll' 
y   milt'-,  t.i 

If  soiillnni 

iiiiiL;  of  tijf 

mill' :  I  Im 

nils  hill  ;ii  ; 
s  1:1, m  Mill   1^ 

II>11\    llilVrl 

iiiiliTiiniM-. 
iii'Mily  twii 

ir  mill'  lnlii; 
lll>  |illl|rrl 
■    (illlfl  llin~| 

('    lllC  lirarii 

mil  >li:ir{il'. 
'cuiiil  llll  l,\ 

icll   liCMih   '- 

ICt>  (lllllltl'l  ~ 

Ik'iiiI  III  llll' 
.  A  \V.)  Imin 


tlir  |ii<  I  1  .1 

lick,-  I'lii^r 

II  i;-  t\MiiI\ 

II  Ills  ui-I 

liiiiill'l.>lrl\ 

I   ilil'i'ill\ 

lliili->   Im.ii 

ilrM'Ill.iil. 


luiiail  '.  II 
II.  A  il'i  1 
III  llir  111. Ill 

ivaln  li.  .I'll 

.--Iril  '.■  ;i  I 
lirlli-  I  \  "I 
Is   lliil    ill 
\SM'>   I'l      I  111 

l>  -.111 I 

IiiiinI\    l:i":. 
r\   111  |i'llii|' 

Ui  l|-lMltll'il 

ml  llll    ,1  11 
I  UMi  ;,  .I'N 

lull   IKl- 

,.  -;||,iri  hill' 


(li.iiiui's  "Ih'II.v  (Voiii  till'  (Illlll  I'lliiIVs,  hciiiy  tlifiict'  i|iiil('  iiir;;iiliir,  lirnkrii,  iiiiil  lidnliTcd  by  many 
iiii'l,-.  .Miiivi-  till'  liiilil  clill.s  Ilii>  jiiwrr  lijjl.s  ill'*'  covi'it'd  w  itii  i'li;ipai nil,  ami  llir  lij>;licr  iiill.s  with 
i,,!i -Is  111' H'thMiiiil  ami  lir.  'I'luri' arc  twiior  llirct'  (laiiyci.s  to  iiiivigation  thai  oxtciul  ouo  milo 
limii  >liiiit',  to  bii  iiiciitidiicd  in  their  propel'  jilaccs. 

I'lli;   KI,AMATII   IMVKU. 

Seven  miles  north  thirty  de^jieis  west  (N.  ;i(l''  \V.)  iVoiu  the  northern  end  ol"  ("mid   P.liifl',  and 


lvi  iii\  lour  and  a  hall'  miles  iinilh  ten  (lej;rees  west  (X.  Id    \\ .)  I'mm    K'ncky    I'oiiit,  is  the  month 
1,1  ihr   Klamath  lliver  nmici  I  lie  hi^li  laiiil  at  the  niirlli   side  of  the  river  valley.     At   the  river 

ii|ii'iiin 
III 


u,  lor  one  and  one  third  miles  south  of  the  ninth  head,  there  is  a  loii;^,  straij;ht   sand  lieaeh 
Illlll  Hock  Head.     Thi.s  line  (if  sand  I'oriiis  a  narrow  peninsula  stretcliiiic'  Ircin  the  south  head 


lim  iiiN  the  nnrlli  head,  and  so  throws  the  channel  ol'  the  liver  close  under  the  locky  shore  ottlu^ 
I, llll  1.  Till'  width  of  the  ii\cr  valley  lietwceii  the  hi^h  lands  mirth  and  south  is  loui  (HtL.s  of  a 
null'  il  the  inniilh,  ami  it  mainlaiiis  this  width  alunit  a  mile  inland. 

Aloiij;  the  coast  In  the  sontlnvaid  of  the  river  the  lisinj;'  hills  are  covered  with  grass  and  low 
lui-lii's  lor  a  .>hort  di.-Ntance  hack  to  an  clevalion  of  ahout  scncii  hiimlicd  leel,  and  then  hegin  tlu^ 
loll  -Is  which  cover  all  the  higher  ;:rounil.  This  teatnre  continues  to  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
Wlirii  ('lo.>e  inshore,  locks  ate  .seen  for  a  mile  immediately  under  the  clilVs  norlh  of  (iold  i'diiff; 
illlll  a  few  strayr^^lm;:'  oiiesat  twoiind  at  time  miles  from  the  same  point, and  at  the  latter  distance 
line  I  llll  I  hie  rock  lies  one  tliiid  of  a  mile  otf  .slmic  and  two  I  hi  ids  uf  a  mile  south  of  Split  Itock. 

Siilit  Hinli  is  a  sli^^liily  pn  iccliiii;  head  three  and  a  half  miles  (roiii  the  northern  end  of  (luld 
I'.liill  .mil  till' same  distamc  to  ihe  .voiii  hw  aid  of  the  mouth  of  Klamath  i;i\ei'.  It  is  so  named 
liiiiii  a  i:icat  cut  in  its  noiih  lace.  The  clitls  hence  to  I'liiit  Jlock  lien!  iiie  honlcicd  liy  visible 
;iiiil  sunken  rocks  and  one  hi^h,  rocky  i.slct,  hut  none  of  these  extend  four  hiimlied  \ardsolf 
.-! 

flic  hiyli,  locky  islet  is  White  Hixk,  one  hundred  and  seven  feet  above  flu'  sea  and  eighty 
ymU  ill  i'\iiiii.  Il  lies  onesixtli  ot'  a  mile  oil'  shore  and  has  many  sunken  and  \isible,  rocks 
luiuicii  it  and  llie  slioie.  Its  south  face  is  very  |iieci|)itons  and  the  west  face  steep  and  slopiiij;- 
III  ilic  iinrlli.     Il  lies  almnt  six  Iiumlred  yards  north  sc\enl\three  (le}:iecs  west  (N. 


W 


Ihi  -.hull'  iimlcr  ///<//(  l'.hij}\i\  sli;;liil,\  piojccting  head  half  way  between  Split  K'nck  and  Mint 
IIiH'K  inaikcil  by  an  enormous  cha>m  on  Us  iiintli  .side,  reaching  back  to  the  heiithl  of  two  liiiii' 
illlll  anil  civility  leet.  The  hiuhesi  part  ot'  Ili;^h  liliilf  is  on  the  south  cdjic  of  this  chasm,  and 
oiH  I  iiiiiliiil  and  thirty  yards  in  I'min  the  sliorelinc;  it  ii,-.es  three  humlicd  and  I'm  ly  feet  above 
llll'  -I'.i. 

I'Uiit  l^ink  Uiiitl  is  a  delaclicd,  rocky  head,  one  hundred  and  tliiitylho  feet  liij;li  and  about 
mil'  liiiiiilied  xards  in  extent.  It  lies  about  luie  liumlictl  yaids  fiom  the  hi^li  land  at  llu'  southern 
liiiiii  of  Klamath  Kiver  sand  beach,  which  slii'tclics  one  and  one  third  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
Ihr  iiM'i.  and  is  connected  w  llll  llie  dills  of  the  lii;;li  .slioic  h\  ilic  low  sands.  It  has  a  jirccipi- 
lull- lace  to  the  southwest  and  sloiics  to  the  noi  ihi  asi.  Nisilile  and  sunken  locks  lie  w  it  liiii  two 
liiniilii'd  yards  all  around  it,  and  slietch  hence  to  While  Cock. 

A  /'nr/,'  (iinixli  lies  abreast  of  the  south  head  of  Ilic  Klamalh  two  ihinlsof  a  mile  north  sixty- 
lliiic  ilcuices  west  (N.  ti;P  \\'.)  from  I'"lint  Hock  Head,  and  soiilli  nine  lu-yrees  west  from  tho 
iiiiMiili  of  the  river  under  the  iiorlli  head. 

"II  llll'  north  side  of  the  lisci  the  coast  line  trends  to  the  west  northwest  for  nearly  a  mile, 
llll  II  I  111  \  ii\ix  i;radiiallv  to  the  iioi  iliwest  and  iioiili  norihwcst  to  the  False  Klamalh,  ihiee  miles  to 


llll'    liKI 


tliwaril  of  the  moiilli  of  Klamath    I.'ivcr.      ruder  the  clitls  of  this  roundin;,' shore  lie  many 


\isihle  and  sunken,  but  iioiii'  o\er  tliice  hiindicil  \arils  fioiii 


e  c\ce|it  two,  wh 


ivith 

llll-  link  aw.isii  lyiiij;  iwo  thirds  ot  a  mile  from  T'lint  Hock  Head  constitute  the  three  daiij;ers  in 
llll-  niiiiiiili.ile  ap|iroaclies  to  the  eiitiance.     Thcv  are  as  follows: 

.1  'III/.,  .vevenlccli  1 1  el  above  w:ilci'  :ind  ;ibiiill  lilly  \:ilils  in  c\  lent,  lies  norlh  sixty  two  def,nees 
•'»i'--l  ,N.  liL'^  W.)  two  and  two  tliiids  miles  Inim  the  iiioiilh  of  the  ii\i'r  ;ili'l  one  mile  hro:id  olV  the 
luiii'-l  vlioi'c.      Il  lies  one  mile  south  by  west  (.S.  by   W'.i  from  I'alsc  K  l:ii'i:;iii  Hock. 

.1  MiiiLdi  nil'/,  lies  north  eii;ht\iine  decrees  west  (N.Sl  '  W .]  one  ami  thrceei;;liths  miles  from 
'!"'  " Ill  of  the  river,  live  ei;;hths  of  a  mile  oil   the  nearest  .'■liorc,  and  south  forty  four  dej;rees 


•a-i    S. 


11     K.)  one  and  three  eij^hths  miles  from  the  prcccdiii;:  rock  above  water. 


\\  liile  l.'ock.  oiniiyh  r.luir,  the  I 


ock  avvasli  Iviiij 


I  v\o  lliiids  of  a  mile  fiom  I'linl  Hock  Head, 


.niil  ilicse  two  lastineiitioned  dant;ei.s  be  in  :iii  :ilnio.st  .straight   line  northwest  and  .southeast  fr 


OIll 


mil 


I'ACIIIC    CIIXM     I'll.itr. 


u:\ 


use  !lli;(  1. 1 
lie  IL'I  II". 
mill  t'i;;l(I\ 
i;ir  tiiil>  .!r 

till'  llr{.th 
i;ill;it'.s  w  lili 
S  cldsril.    !> 

S,"p(»:  ••  ll,r 
III'  I'lltlMlnr 

liilt  s;illiic 
III'  iliil  iioi 
if  till'  ir.ri 
liff,  iiliii  11" 
IMWillK    ii  ~^ 

T,  altliuiiji 

I  tliiiiu   li' I 

■il  iinv.  ..11.1 

III  Aiiuii>i. 


,•  Klaii. 

rli 

:lli'l    li> 

TIlllSl'  1 

irli 

I'   ri\fl\ 

!lll' 

IIm-v-I 

;1m- 

SilllllO 

.  ,.ii' 

itIIMIIl. 

1  II 

,  fiia.->l 

\  .i  . 

Till- ^Iii;lil.  Iiiil  .>>Imi  |>.  iiiili'iilMliiiii  Know  ii  us  ihr  i'alsi'  Klmnaili  js  :it  llic  iipi'iiiii;;'  of  a  small 
SM..III1,  liirall,\  kiiiiwii  as  W  ilnoii\t  Crcf/.',  ciiiii  in;;  lictwci'ii  lii^sli  liills  ul'  a  tlioiisainl  I't'il  i'lr\'atiiiti. 
1 1  ,  iiM'  IS  alioiit  liair  a  iiiiU-  III  •■xti'tit.  'I'licir  is  a  slioit  .sainl  Ihmi'Ii  cii'iii'  iil'  n irks  just  iii>ji|i',  iir 
I  .  ,  iiuillHa.Nl  waul,  tit'  till'  siMilli  |iiiiiit  III'  Ihr  rii\i',  ami  liil'iiiiy;li  it  i'iii|ilii's  a  very  simit  stii'aiii 
n  I  ,  I,  iliaiiis  till' half  iiiilr  lull;:  \  allc.N  In  I  hi' cast  waril  of  I  lif  liil^i' tiiniiiii;;-  Ihi'  |Miiiit.  Wilsuns 
(  !  I  I.  riiipl  ii's  I II  III  I  III'  mil  thi'l'ii  jiai't  III'  till'  rii\  r,  w  lii'l'i'  Ihr  liil'i'st  nil  ins  vi'i'y  lirai'l.s  In  Ihr  lirarli ; 
ihi  '     111'  M'lni'  liiiiisi'S  DM  till'  sliipi'  111  the  soul li want  nt   Ihr  iiiiMilii.     Thi'  lii'arh  in  this  part  i>f  tiie 


ri.v.    i>  i-i> 


\  I'Iril  W  II  II  liii'ks. 


I  III'  riivi'  a|>|ii':ii's  lai.ui'i  nil  ariiiniit  of  Ihr  illir  iif  links  anil  m 


i-N\   islrls  slrrlrlilli"  lirarlv 


half 


:i  II  lir  \\i>t  liiilii  Ihr  siiiilh  |iiiiiil.  'I'lirlr  is  nil  >jfi' aili'hnraur  hrir  whalrMT  a^  Ihr  ciixr  is  llllni 
\m;||  Milks,  I II  it  h  \  i>il)lr  ami  mi  iikrn,  all  hough  llirir  is  a  ilr|it  h  of  Iriiiii  lniir  In  si\  fa!  hums  nf  walrr 
iiis:.ii' nf,  ami  lirtwri'll  thr>i' ilaii;;i'ls, 

III  1 1 ai  lirr  <la\  s  Ihr  a|p|p|iiarhi's  In  Ihis  cove  wrro  somctiim's  iiiislakrn  fur  thiisr  nf  tlir  K  la- 
in lii.  l.'iM'i,  hi'in'c  its  iiaiiir.  W'ilsi ill's  Crrrk  was  namiil  Alinit'ii  ("rrrk  on  Ihr  Siatr  map  nf  (,'aii- 
ii'iiii  I. 

I'lil.^r  KliniKllll  Ii'iicl,,  Ihr  plincipal  Inrky  isirt  nil' Ihr  south  jinllil  nf  till'  i'o\r,  lirs  six  hllllill'i'll 
illii!  Iitl,\  xaiilssnlilh  si\l,\  I'niir  ilr;;iris  Wrst  (S.  tl|  W.)  I'lniii  Ihr  pnllll,  Illlii'  ailil  I  111  rr  (|iiaitrrs 
mill -.  •iuiii  h  tni  l\  t'niii' ili'uirrs  rasi  (S.  II  I'lifrmii  (irsi'i'iil  Cilv  l.iulil;  ami  I  uriilN  srx  rn  ami 
,1  II  ill  miirs  iimth  Inill  II  I'll  ilrurrrs  wr.vl  (  N.  II  \\  ,)  finiii  ii'iirk.V  riiilil.  It  is  Iniiml  Inppril,  mili'll 
l.i;;^!'!,  Ii:;:lirr  ami  moir  iiniirralilr  than  aii\  ciihrr  inrk   nii   this  scclinn  of  Ihr  rnasi,  it  bring  oiu* 

I hi'ij  ,iiiil  liftv  \  arils  in  (Mnil  anil  niii'  linmliril  ami  ninrt.vtivt'  frrt  iiigli.     Thr  miiiitli  of  Wil- 

>(,).'-  Cirrk  lirs  M'Vrii  rigiitli>  nl  a  iniir  linilii  twenty  ilr^rrrs  cast  {N.  LMi  II.)  finin  this  islet.  Smaller 
iMiks  >lii'lrh  lint  from  tlir  pniiit  oiir  tiiiiil  nf  tlie  w ay  tow ai'ils  this  i>lrt,  ami  sunken  iiu'ks  ami 
rnri,  •  .ilinM'  wali'ilir  within  Iniir  hiimlinl  \aiils  sniillirast  ami  iinithwcst  nf  it.  IJetwreii  it  ami 
llii  I'll  ks  lieairl  till'  liniiil  tiirir  air  lirplhs  nf  fi  in-  to  six  I'atliniiis  nl  walev:  nlllsiiie  nf  it  the  water 
ill  I  |.i  iiN  r.ipiill\ .  Iiiil  a  (/((;///(  raiin  ,\»/i/,(  «  ici I:  lii  s  in  ilrrp  w  atri  aliiinst  hail  a  miir  niitsiilr  nf  it  on 
till'  I  iiiitiiiiial  inn  of  Ihr  linr  fmni  tin-  t-onlh  |iniiil  nl  thr  i'o\r.  This  .siitihit  tnrl..  lorally  known  a.s 
till'  \\i/\ini  /i'i<(7,,  lirs  iliiri'tl\  nil' thr  I'"alM'  Klaiiialli  Cnvr,  neatly  nnr  mile  nil'  the  smilhei  ii  pnjnt 
III  :!■  \\i|s(  Ill's  ('ink,  ami  iiiiir  ailil  tlilee  ipiaileis  miles  snlllhwaiil  nf  Crrsiriit    City    Lightliotise, 


\V.!I 


liliirii  to  eight  fallKHiis  nf  water  ln'twren  it  ami  the  J'alsr  Klamath  I! 


'I'l 


le  ini'U  tias  nlllv 


Iv 


ll'iir  I'rrt  '<(  wati'i'  iipnii  it:  the  top  is  eiii'iilar  ami  almiil  I'niii'  feet  in  iliameter.  Within  two  Im, its' 
I'  i^:|i>  ai'oiiml  it  the  ile|ith  is  lifteeii  ami  oiieipiaitei  fathoms  ;  iipnii  a  piiijeeting  sluiiihlei'  tlient 
\^.l^  Iriiml  four  ami  a  half  fallioins,  'i'lie  sea  raicly  lnraks  upon  it,  ami  it  can  not  lie  otherwi.su 
ih-ini;;iiislieil  at  a  ship's  letigtli,  especially  as  there  is  no  kelp  to  maik  it.  l'"rnni  it  air  giveti  the 
tii'li.u  iiig  lieaiings  ami  ilistaines  to  loeatr  thr  position  :  Sistrr  llnrks  hrar  nm  lliwrsi  liy  nm  111,  (lis- 
t.iiii  t'liiii miles,  ami  I'afsr  Klain.ith  llmk  mnlh  se\eiily  ilegrrrs  east  (N.  7(1  M.i,  disiant  nearly 
li.ili  ,1  iiiilr.      I'af  Islaml,  halfway  itishnrr,  fast  liy  mnili  (!•;.  liy  N.i,  niie-hall'  mile. 

fills  rnrk  was  tirsl  Inealnl  as  a  lurak  in  ls71,l)tit  aflriwauls  ex.itniiiril  thoioiighly  in  the 
li\  ili"uraiiliii'  siiixry. 

S.iiiih  srveiiteeii  ilegrees  ea.'^t  (S.  17''  I'}.),  distant  six-si'\entlis  of  il  iiiiU'  from  the  Wilson 
-.n,;,iii  link,  or  smith  lis  west  (S.  hy  W.),  distant  niie  iiiilr  I'rniii  the  I'alse  Klamath  Knek,  lies  tlio 
iii.l,  si'M'iileen  feet  al)i)\e  water,  already  deserilied  iiiidrf  dangers  in  the  appioarhes  to  the  Kia- 
iii,i:li  l;i\rf;  ami  north  twriitythrre  degrees  west  (N.  L'.'!  W  ),  istaiit  I  wo  tliiids  of  a  mik-  from 
Mil   \\  ilxin  linek,  nr  linith  lifty  live  drglees  west  (N.  .">."■(     W'.i,  live-sixths  of  a  mile   frnir.  the  I 'a  lie 


Ki.iiiaili  li'ni'k,  lies  a  ruck  mcdsli.     These  t 


wo  roi-K. 


'  tlie  oillrlliinsi  ilailgris  i 


If  th.'   I'alsr   K!a- 


ill  Itiiik,  and  tlir  \\  ilson  sii 


lll^rli  ini'K 


lirs  a  lit  lie  ilisidr  'if  t  hr  lilir  Jnining  thrill.       Inside  nf  this 


■iall\  to  the  northeast  waul  of  tlif  noithnii  oiii',  Iir  iraiis  siiiikm  rucks  ai'd  roeks  awasii : 


il'r  tor  a  \  essel  to  ))ass,  nr  tcM'loW  hei'.i'lf  t 


n  !:c  .>!'.    III.  IHI 


rr  nf  this  lilii', 


lliiilrniiiiijiliii  olj   l!ir  I'ltluc   Klmiiiilli. —  lirnad  ntV  the  coast    at    li:is   |i 


a  west-sO!tt1iwt',«t 


the  soiiiidings  are  six  tern  talhonn  of  water  over  tine  dark  gi.i\  sand  at  one  iiiile  ontsii'e 


till   I'iIm'  Klamath  IJock  ;  eigliteeil  fatlioii's  o\er  tine  sand  and   xiiio-.'    mu 


It  two  miles  ;   twenty 


l.i^li.iii:^  ii\rr  dark  gray  sand  and  yellow  annl  at  three  miles;  twenix  I'liir  tathoais  over  sand  ami 
iiiii'l  :ii  tour  miles;  and  twe'ity  six  fathoms  over  sand  and  iiiitd  at  live  and  a  half  miles.  These 
iiiili:-,ilinii>  show  linw  llliifortii  the  hiiitoin  is  within  these  limits. 

Till  loii.st  line  inn  Ihiriinl  finm  I'lilsi  l\liiiiialli  <n  Crrscrnt  <'if.\  is  liordriei'.  liy  liold.  rocky  rlilVs 
1. 'I  I'M  II  miles  In  the  I'lnad  sandy  bearli  theme  tn  ('nscriil  < 'it  \.  Aloip.  Ihis  stretch  nf  seven 
iiiiii'>llH'   hill  sloiies  are  covered    witlicli.ipaii.il   and  gi.iss  to  se\  cii   hnndred  feet  above  the  sea, 


» 


li 


\f.i 


;4l 


m 


■ii 


fi 


I'\ 


r\l' 


Hull 


l>'rl 


linil 
It  l> 


llMll 


ill   « 


Slllll 


I'ACll'IC   CUASI    I'll.oT. 


.".Jf) 


ill-illc  lill' 
IIIIkIii'iI  'm 
1    tiM'    II,!.. 

iwiinl  I'l.  Ill 
Kliiili;  ;iih| 
if  llicni.i"! 
li'i|i  «  ;ilci , 

III'  lli'M'l  |{l 

.1  I'l'iilii  I  he 

IS  riHiiii  I II 

l\\Clll_\     ll\.' 

'(•('   ilci;!!!-. 

^l'     l\l. nil. till 

iiiimIci.iIiIn 
I  a   null  Mil 

riKilli  li'r.i'i 
till'  rnniii'l', 
III  Ikmim'  ,ii 
Ily  In  ,  i-hi 

'riii>  |Miii,t 

uii  111'  tlnci' 
lii.iic.  Till- 
Thcd.'ii;!, 
Iiiiir  ;i  null' 
•s  ^r.iilu.iil\ 
■(H'k. 
I  cvti'lit  liill 

t\M'lll>  -I  »!' 

I  mill'  iii'iii 

llll>     IIM'l    ,1 

M      ^;lllhllll^ 

W  itllill  'llll' 

iwciilN  r.inr 

ri'oiii  llll' 
I't'i'  r,itii'iiii> 

line  link 

llllll'S,   \Mlll 

is  iwcnt.v 
MillrN.   ,|u; 

ll    lllc   lIlU'' 

;ll'Illl.  .ili'l 

IlllllM'  Ihi'M- 

n|M'll.    I'" 

li|ii;iil    l.'>* 

i||.\-|||li!l   111 

I. '11    r-'V- 

M'Sl     C'llI'M' 

■ll  1-^  hi  Illy 
ii's,  i\Miiiy- 


Hm.  i,iiIii'Iii>  tiviT  IliH"  >;rii,\  siiiul  ;  ;it  lour  miles,  l\vciil.v-,si\  I'mlioiiis  ovci'  (i;iik-;,'i'iiy  hiiimI  iiiiil  liliir 
ii.ii'i;  .iml  iIm'  iii'|itli  iiicii'ii.sfs  in  llijrtv  two  iiiiil  tiiiily  lliit'c  r:itliiiiii.s  at  seven  miles  ri'iiiii  slmre 
iiMi  ,1  liiillDiii  dl'  tIarU  ;:iii.\  saiiil  ami  mini.  'I'licse  sands  art;  l<iiiii;;lit  duwii  li,\  (lie  iiiiiiii'iliiitc 
ni.i><  slieaiiiM, 

CRKSCKNT   CITY   BAY. 

,\|i|>i'iiaeiiiii^  lliis  liav  and  iiiielioraKe  I'l'iiin 'I'linidad  Head  ll  ean  mil  lie  made  lait  iinlila  vessel 
js  Ml  II  ii|>  ^nlli  il,  lieeallse  (he  niin|iariit  i\  el,\  low  I'liinl  Saint  tieiir^c  slietclies  Ijnee  miles  to  the 
(M'^lw  lid  III  the  am'li<i|'a;:e.  It  is,  however.  lerii;.;iii/i'd  ll|iiiii  a  nearer  a|i|il'iiaeh  li\  I  he  i.i^ht  house 
III,. I  li\  the  hoiiseN  of  the  town  troiitinv'  IIk'  lieaeh. 

riie  lii$;li,  liiiid,  loeK.v  slioie  Iroiii  the  soiilhwai'd  decreases  ^riidiiallv  liali'-wa.v  I'loiu  the  Ma- 
in iih  iliver  and  ends  within  three  miles  <<r  ''reseeiil  City  Itay,  ehanyin;,'  to  a  low,  sandy  shore 
Willi  a  lii'oad,  low  water  lieaeh.  'I'his  low  shore  runs  nearly  iioiihwest  for  two  miles  and  then 
>uii'|w  westward  and  soiithwestwaid  tol'oiiii  the  open  and  e\|iosed  roadstead.  The  lii;;lit  iioiise 
i>  ll  ilie  MMithweslern  |>olnt  of  this  eiirvin;;'  slio'e.  'I'lie  low  land  iiii  the  easiirn  shor(>  is  partly 
I  MM  lid  uilh  I'oiest,  and  the  liioad,  low,  wooded  ■'  ailey  iiinn.n;;  inland  is  a  not  a  I  tie  lea  I  lire  of  the 

li.jii.i^i'aphy  of  tl iiinliy.     roiuhined  with  the  low  land  lieiiee  to  the  niirtliward  of  I'oliit  Saint 

iii'iii;:e,  and  einhraein;;  the  area  ol  Lake  I'lail  and  I  he  lower  reaehes  ol'  Smith's  li' ler,  this  low 
H':;ioii  is  e\eeptional  in  liein;:  I'onnd  piojei'tiii^;  so  well  seaward. 

('lesceiit  ("ily  aii('lioia;;e  is  the  most  daii;,'eioiis  ol'  the  lar;,'er  roadsteads  usually  resorted  to 
l.y  ^leamers  on  the  coast.  It  loriiierly  had  iiiiicii  importance  on  accoiiiit  ol' Crescent  City  heiii;; 
ilif  ilepol  tor  the  supplies  of  millers  working;  the  pild  di;:niii;;s  on  the  Klainath.  Trinity,  and 
.''^iil.iiiiii  ii'ixcis.  It  is  a  very  contracted  place,  liein;;' v«M'y  little  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
I'M.  hi  cast  and  west  and  three  ijiiarters  of  a  mile  north  and  south,  liiil  the  low  watei'  lieaeh  is 
\i'i\  Inoad,  and  the  line  of  three  lathoms  is  half  a  inilf  from  shore  at  the  anclioia;:e.  It  is  tilled 
Willi  sunken  rocks  and  reefs  and  has  a  ;;ihmIIv  nnnilier  show  in;:'  aliove  water.  No  iiaviMaior 
^llllllll|  lliink  of  ;;ainin;:  an  aiichoiaMe  here  wilhoiii  a  pilot  illdess  he  has  a  perfect  knowlcd;;)^  of 
llll'  hidden  dan;;eis.  No  .>iiiikcii  locks  are  now  known  to  exist  oiilside  of  the  line  of  v  isilih>  ones 
i\.i|it  one  awash  soiithwcsi  ilnce  ipiai  tcis  west  (.SW.  'l  W.i,  and  a  little  mole  than  half  a  iiiiii! 
liiiiii  llie  Ia;iht  house.  In  llic  approaches  from  the  south  there  is  a  toiirtalhom  Icdi-e  to  lu> 
lir^i'iilicd.  .\pprnachin;;  liom  the  southeast  the  line  of  ten  fathoms,  which  was  only  half  a  mile 
I'll'  the  coast  alireast  the  Sisters,  ;;radiially  increases  to  a  mile  olV  slio'e  within  two  miles  of  the 
nil  liorii;;e,  lull  to  the  westward  of  the  hay  this  line  a^ain  comes  closer  to  the  shore  and  rocky 
i^lcls. 

Ihcre  is  now  a  line  wliarl  at  this  place,  descrilied  iiiidcr  the  head  of  I'lat  Itock. 

l.sl.KT.^^    AM)    l)A.Mii:i!S    IN    TIIH    ArfK(iA('IIi;s    AM)    I1A\     dl''   CI!  i;S(  T.N  f   CITV. 

r/((/,s('  /.((///(. — 'I'his  is  a  lliiec  and  one  (piaitcr  fathom  I'ocky  jialch  lyinu'  in  tliiilceii  fathoinsof 
'a.ih  I,  one  and  three  ipiartcrs  miles  south  torty  de;;rees  east  (S.  IIP  M.)  rioni  the  l.iuht  house,  on 
Ihi  i,iii;;c  of  the  l,li;lil  lioll>e  and  the  West  side  ot'  Sleaill  lioat  liock.  Mussel  h'ock  licais  I'rolil  il 
11. mil  seventeen  dej;rces  east  (N.  17  K.)  ilistaiit  three  (|iiartcrs  of  a  mile,  and  li'ouiiil  l.'ock  north 
I.Mhiy  live  decrees  west  (N.L'.'i  W .)  distant  seven ei^^lilhs  of  a  mile.  The  area  within  the  ten 
r.iih.iiii  curve  is  two  hnndied  and  littv  yards,  and  the  lioltom  at  the  outer  limit  is  sand  and  mud. 
It  liit'.iks  upon  this  reef  in   heavy  weather. 

.)/".s'.«(7  /I'oc/,. — This  is  a  rock  seven  Icet  aliove  the  water  and  thirty  yards  in  extent.  It  rises 
III. Ill  six  fatlioins  ot  water  about  one  mile  liroad  olf  the  low  hcacli  to  the  northeast,  liiit  lies  to  the 
I'.i^i'.vaid  of  the  usual  track  of  vessels  lioiiiid  to  the  aiii'liora;;e.  The  depth  of  water  around  it  is 
ijihic  iiiiit'orin  at  six  to  seven  fathoms  with  rocky  liottom.  There  is  a  deplli  of  seven  fathoms 
1.1  liM'i  11  It  and  Koiiiid  Itock.  l'"ioin  it  the  l.iylitlioiise  licars  north  sixty  live  dc;;rees  west  (N.  ti"i  ' 
W  .'lie  ami  three  ei;;lilhs  miles  distant;  ami  Ivoiiiid  Rock  hears  north  eighty  live  de;;ri'cs  west 
iN   ^"i    W.)  distant  nearly  live  ei;;litlis  of  a  mile. 

Ii'iiiiiiil  liiiil. — This  is  a  rocky  islet  nearly  lil'ty  yards  in  extciil  and  forty  live  feet  hitih.  It  is 
ill.  l.'.iiliii;;  ill  islet  for  vessels  seekiii;;-  the  aiichoi'a>;c.  and  there  isa  depth  of  nearly  ci  :lit  lathoms 
i.|  w.ilci  ipiite  close  around  it.     \'\o\\\  it  the  l.iL;hl  house  licais  north  lilly  four  dcyices  west  (N.  ."iP 


t^ilr.iO' 


m 


>linl  a    tritleovei    seven  el;:litlis  of   a  mile.      \'essel> 


iss  il  on  I'll  her  t  he  (',!>!  or  west  sid 


vMiliiii  one  hiiiidied  ami   Iweiitv  yards.     (.Sec  .Sailing;   Directions.)     Inside  ol  this  rocky  islet  the 
siiiikcii  locks  comineiice  wiihiii  four  hundred  vards. 


'if 


in 


I'.vciiic  (  i)A<r  rii.oT. 


ji 


W^ 


ii^i  ^^ 


nM 


■H8? 


ii  W' 


it"  liif. 


On  (lie  (Y7.v7  ,v/i/(  ol   till' cl'MMiii'l  lo  till'  :iiii'li(irM.i:i'  licilii'  I'ollowiii^  rucks: 

A  iiiiii  tiiii  fn  I  ;im7,  lirs  thrrc  IiiiiiiIk'iI  miiiI  ciulilx    viutls  iiorlll  sixiy  ri;^lil  (lt>;,'li'cs  (>;isl   (N    i 
v..)  Imiii  It'iiuiiil  Itock.      ll  IS  iii.ii'Ui'ii   liv  ^1  lii'M  (>r  Krl|>.      TlnTf  air  tixr  a;i(l  nIn  lal  Ikhiis  df  w       i 
iirai    it. 

A  Kin  nil  I II  /cii  rail,  lies  rmir  liiiiiilri'il  vanls  iiuiili  Inri  v  im;;IiI  lici'.rci's  cast  |N.  |s  |;.,  ||.  ,,, 
IJomiil  li'dcU.  ll  is  .suiniiiiiili'il  li\  kilp,  anil  lias  lixc  lallKMiis  ui  water  nii  all  si(lf>  i'\(i'|ii  idiii,. 
siiiitli  soiiilivast. 

'I'lic  last  tuo  rocks  ail'  luit  mic  IiiiihIiciI  ami  |uiiii\  \  arils  ajiai  t,  al'uiit  iitiitli  lunlliwcsi  ,i;i  i 
sdiilli  siiiillicast  IVdiii  cacli  oilier,  ami  aie  |irdli  il)!\   |idiiils  ol'  the  same  le''.j;e. 

A   siriiil'nt    »■()(/,    lies  six    liiimlred   anil  lliirl>   \  aids  iiorl  li  lilt.\  <i;;lil  (lc;;rees  eas!  ,N.."is     i 
I'ldMi   li'dlinil    K'dck.      Tlie  aica  of  tllisliatcli   inslie  (he    twelve  leel  clM  \e  is  dlie  limidreil  vai  iN.      ; 
is  dii   (lie  east  side  ol   llie  cliaiiiiel  III  I  lie  anrlidiaue  and   lias  Iihii  and   li\  •' lal  Imnis  cluse  ainiiiKl 
Tllele  is  kelp  nil  llie  lim  lliwesi  side  ol    it. 

I'or  liair  liie  distance  lietweeii  tl 
dl'  water.  In  llie  edue  dl'  a  t  \V(i  I'eet    lock 


se\  ell  li'el   jiateli  am 


Wlialel 


.mil  t  lull'  are  loiir  latli 


wlielice  t  lie  lidttdMi  i 


s  \  el  \    Idiil  Id  \\  li.ili"-  Ulaiid. 


Hid 


'/  )ii(7,   Ill's  siv   liiindii'd   \.iiils   muili   iMciit' 


IM    I  N     -II  '  I'. 


lioill 


d  i; 


'riieie  Is  i!,  .'I  I  w  ,i;i  I',  I'll' III  I  mil'  lo  liv  e  lal  lioms,  .11  on  in  I  il.  and  i.elp  id  1  hr  easi  u. 


A   lini/iil  ((!(/,■  lies  seven   liiindied   and   lillx   vaids  imitli   seven   i|e;;iees  I'asi     N.  7     I", 
Koiiiid    lliielv,  and  oiii\    two  liiindied  and    (\\eiil,\  ,\ards  east    t'loiii   tlu>    l''aiiiilleidv  Ifock. 
tour  talliiims  nl    u.ilei  close  to  it. 

(tn  I  lie  irist  aiili  o''  tlie  elialillel  to  tlie  anelniraiie  lie  tlie  I'dllow  iiiy  iiieks  and  ledues : 


11. 'Ill 


A  /'iiiirlu  II  I'irt  Inl  ir  11 


liumiiid  \  aids  mil  III  I  uciiti 


■eiulil    dej^rec 


west   ;N.  L's     W.I  I 


li'lii 


>l    iiv   sdulli     SW.  Ii\   S.i   li 


Koiiiid    li'dck,  and  oiil\    'wo  lnimlied   ami   tili\    \aids  mmiiIivm' 
l"aiiiilIiiov  Ii'dck.      Tlieie  is  ki'l|i  dii  lliisidckv   Icdiie 

.\  )(//;i  'm //((/(/(' lies  lilt\  yards  nearer  Sieaiiiliiial  l.'oek  and  is  pai  1  ol  i  lie  almve  Idiii  leeii  i 
Icd^e.  It  is  si\  liiindied  and  .se\eiit>  yards  north  tliirtytliree  de};rees  wt'si  (N  .;.;  W.iii 
lloiiiid  K'lH'k.      'I'lieie  aie  over  I'diil   fatlioins  ol'  water  iiiiiiicdiateh   to  tlii'  sdiilhwaid  ol    it. 


.\   //(/(i'k  (I  'W  ^  /(ir/,-.  siii  idiiiided  li\    ki'l  1 1.  Ill  s  I  lilee  ei;;lll  lis  ol    a  mile  ll  iHii    loililid    I, 


oii>    on   I  III 


direct  line  to  the  I.ij;litlioiise  moitli  till\    Imil    de^jreis  west  Iroii,  leillii 
of  tn-,-  I'Miirteell   feel  ,iml  nine  leet   lee;.'e^  l.isl  di'serilied. 


icl, 


Ills  IS  als 


■I'll 


e  ellllle  area   iiel  weell  I  lie  lil'.ee  last   desel  ilieil   riiek->,  Sleaill  liiKlI    Keek,  and   I  lie   1,1;:  III 


Islet  Is  lull  of  siiiikiii  aml\is|lile  ineks  w  iiieli  ii  i;  i:!!jiiaelieali|i'  Id  tesii  ilie  111  detail :  and  ilirn- 
are  ollici  sunken  locks  to  the  wcstwaid  ol'  Sliain  boat  Ion  k  which  will  lie  liniiid  desi'i'iinl 
I'liiilier  on. 

riiiiiilii  ri'i/  1,'iirL  — 'I'lii^  IS  llie  pi  iiiei|ial    l"ilileli    il.in;;ei    in   a|iproac!iilii;   I  lie  .inelidra;;c.  .1' 
lies  si|ll,llel\    in  the  pas>aue   leaiiin^:  to  it   in    .  lie  Iiaiinw  esl    pIll    liclweell    llie    sunken    rock  I  1.    '■ 


'it    and  West    sides.       ll 


1.^   one    d 


I    the    llidilell    danycis    llei  anse    il     i 


s    CIO  ('led    at    I  lilce-ipial  Icl'- 


lloodlide,  yet  at  iicail.v   all  limes  tin  re  is  a  Incaker  alioiil  il.     'Ilieie  is  a  depth  ol    Imir  t'; 


tlidi,  ~  I 


walel   all  aidlllii 


I   II.  and  ll 


le  iiassa;.;!'  wa\   to  I  he  anehi'l  ,ii;e  Is  close  on  cil  her  side  1 


if  II.      'll' 


el  11  side,  however,  IS  pnleircd,  as  I  he  link  is  liold   on    that    side;    it  is  repoi  led  to  slope  sum 
to  the  west  ward,     ll  \v  as  at  one  time  iii.iikcd  li\  ai,   iron  spiii.ll.',  Iiiit  tins  w  as  destrov  ed   m 


that 


tildv   a  I'diil  III'  It  leiii.iiii>  [  l.s.S(I),  and  this  adds  in  Ihe  daii;:cr  nf  llie  ll 


I'miiilli  ii'ij    1,'iiii,    Hiiiiji. — Oil    the  I.NI1I1  ol    Mav.  |.s.>!l,  a  /i/ni/.-  .v/;(ji   liiloy    was  placed   eh 


l'\lllIlllcroy    li'ock.  Ill  pi, lee  ot    Ihe  red  and  li 


-I' 


ir  liiidv  earned  awav   in  .lanii.irv.  I'---'.i. 


raiinlli  idV   Hock  lies  iinrih  iwelve  and  a  h.dt'  dc^;ii 


west  (N.  l-'i     \\  ,).  distant  tin 


of  a  mile  I'idlii  liolind    Ifock.  .md  lioiii   It   We  have   l''i'   I'dlldwnm    Ileal 


Hid    distaiiei 


hoal 


null 


SfielitX    seven    dej_l  ecs  w  e- 1 


\\  .  .  disiaii'    III  ai  i\   hall'  a   11 


V   one    ilc'^lees    ea 


I.iulil  lioll^e     lieais    north    .'■e\enl\   si\    device-    West    i\.    Tli      N\    1,  disl.inl    hveei-i 
the   iidMhwesI    ponit  of  Whaler    Island    hears   iiorlli    lull 
dne-<{iiai ler  of  a  mil 

of  a    mile,  w  hii'h    hit  Icl     I 
I 'leek. 


III. 


mil  rhe  an 


iihoiai;e    hears   noil  h  iioi  I  hwisi    ,  .% 


.1    (N.    II 
.NW...  disiaiil 


leaiilij.'    1>    ileallv    the    dilrcllnii     li 


1 1. 


null    al    the  e,:sl 


'I'liele    is    I'diil    '^liiliml    qllil 


|lll|e    close    to    Ihe     I  aillllleiov 


loll 


on  s  :    Ihe  lull  I  In  I 


alli'.nlv   de-.eriliiil.  v.ilh    |..i  Ip  on  ihe  lioilh  side,  hears   soillheasl   liv   sonlli   i.'sl'!.  liv   ,S  ),  i| 


liiindliil   and    f.iilv   v.mU;   l!n'   lirnhil  miu 


ll.   .ilicad".    ticsei  ilieil,   two   liiimlreii   and 


\aliU   to   the    i-a^I  ;   .iiid   <i    Imln  I'ut   liil:ii     wilh    k'lp   twn    ciiiidied    vaids   lo   tin 
(WNW.j. 


[if* 


WA 


■••iBiWB»«*«rWB9*f-*'--^fwitl«i«iw»«^'^t(i«M<«««w'- 


I'ACiriC    COAST    IMI.OT. 


3r 


Wlinirr  hlonil — Th's  ><  ii  lai';;t',  lock.v  islet  Iwo  liiiiicliril  yiinls  in  cnIi'IiI  mikI  si'Vciity-scNcn 
I,.,  I  Iii:;li,  It  Ill's  just  williiii  tiif  tlircriiillioiii  liiic,  :iMii  Imiiis  llic  casiciii  side  ui'  till' clciir  area 
111-  lie  III'  till'  I'^auiitli'ioy  lioi'K  wlit'ic  llu-  stcaiiii'is  ami  sailiii}^-  m'ssi'Is  aiiclmi-.  W'hi'ii  |iiii)tM'i('il 
,,n  ■  lie  low  lands  ol'  tin-  slum-  lu'liiml  it,  it  stands  nut  in  f^oi'd  rrlirf  in  rlrar  wratluT.  and  is  a  pnxl 
Mil  ilv  I'lir  M'sscis  coniinj,'  m|i  tlif  roast.  Thrii'  is  an  extensive  icef  stii'trliin;^'  out  IVoin  its  castcin 
sli,i;(  and  aNo  to  tlir  nortliwanl.  On  tho  souttu'in  sidi'  tlu'ic  is  I'onI  uionnil  in  spots  for  nearly 
iiiir  ;liMd  ol'  a  mile,  wliilst  the  western  face  lias  neatly  tliii  lallioius  of  uatei' elose  to  it.  The 
\M  vicin  point  ol  Whaler  iNland  lieais  noith  nine  demees  east  (N.  !>'  i;.),  distant  a  little  more  than 
I:  ill  a  mile  IVnm  U'ouiid  Itoek.  and  lioi'lli  eij;lit\  ei;;lit  dej;iees  «'ast  (N.  SS^  M.),  distant  I'our-lit'tlis 
u\  .1  nnle  Irom  the  I.i,L;lil  house. 

Stidiii  hour  /I'ncA.— This  is  a  roeliv  islet  ei;,'lily  yaids  in  extent  and  (irty-l'oni'  feet  liij;li,  nearly 
xiiHoiMided  with  loiil  f;loiiiid.  It  lies  noi'th  sixtx-one  de;;ii'es  west  (N.  (Jl  W'.).  distant  a  litth^ 
ii  •'  ilian  hall"  ii  mile  IVnin  IJonnil  Ivoek.  and  south  forty-fonr  de^jfees  east  (S.  1 1  ">  l'].),  distant 
1.1  r  third  ot'a  mile  (Viun  the  l,i -ill t  house.  I'or  more  than  halt'- way  tVoiii  this  loel;  to  Whaler  Island 
ilir  uroiiiid  is  very  loul.  luit  beyond  that,  towards  Whaler  Island,  the  depth  of  water  is  four  and 
,1  i|ii.iiii'i'  fallioms  in  tl-e  auehoi',,;,'i'. 

Ill  addition  to  the  sun'  en  roeks  already  deser^'ied  as  dandier  in  the  immediate  |>assa};e  to  the 
a!iiiiora;;e,  the  fellow  iiij;  siiiikeu  'oeks  ami   locks  awash  lie  to  the  west  ward  of  .Steam  boat  lIi  ck. 

A  Mi'oud  rliirtri  II  hi  I  mil,-  lies  ti\  c  eiuhths  ot'  a  iiiile  west  one  iiiiarlei'  north  (W.  \  N.)  I'nun 
i;.  iiiul  Koek.  and  ti\e  hundred  and  filly  yards  south  tweiityx'M'U  deiiiees  west  (S.  L'T  ^  W.)  from 
.sir.iiiiboat  Hoik.  It  is  on  I  he  rau;;i'  of  the  kouIIi  side  ol'  Ivouiid  I'oek  and  the  south  side  of  Mussel 
|;.>r|,.  Il  has  ei;;lit  to  leu  fathoms  all  around  it,  bit  an  ei^hleent'eet  roek  Hi  s  one  hundred  and 
si\;\  \aiils  to  the  wt  st  of  it.     Theie  is  no  kelp  to  mark  this  rock. 

All  ei<jhlrt'n-J'iVt  rurh.,  referred  to  in  the  preeedinji  deseription,  lies  nearly  three  ipiarters  of  a 
iiiiir  west  OIK- iiuartef  north  (W.  ]  N  fnin  llniiiid  l.'oek,  ami  six  hundred  and  twenty  yards  south 
!..|i\  dei;rees  we>l  l."'^.  Id  W.'  tiom  .Steam  boat  l.'oek.  It  lies  on  the  iMliLie  otilie  south  side  of 
L'.iiuiii  b'oek  and  the  north  side  of  Mussel  Koik.  Il  has  iiine  and  ten  tatlioms  id' water  around  il, 
Willi  ilie  Ihil'teeii  feet  lock  one  liuiidied  ,iml  si\l  \  yards  to  the  east  of  it.      No  kelp  marks  this  roek. 

I  I'H'i  this  ei;;hteeii  teet  roik  I  he  l.iu  lit -house  be.ii  s  norlh  one  third  w  est  ( N.  >^  W.)  distant  Just 
liiiii  .1  mile. 

A  Miiihrii  n>rl.-  with  six  teet  of  w  alei  upon  il  and  MX  fathoms  of  waler  aioiind  it  lies  very  nearly 
uiir 'juarlir  of  a  mile  ■.oiith  sixly-three  decrees  west  (S.  ti:!  W.i  I'roiii  .Steam  boat  Iloek,  and  one- 
lliiid  of  a  mile  south  seven  de;^rees  e:is|  ( S.  7  K.)  from  the  I.iuhl  house.  It  is  jiisl  north  of  the 
liih^e  of  the  .south  sides  id'  t'^team-boat  liovk  and  Whaler  Islaml.  One  liiindred  ami  tifty  yards 
iiiMile  af  i!  the  fiioiilid  is  \eiy  f.uil. 

\  lorl,-  (itriish  lies  ia  nine  talhoms  of  watei  on  the  ran;;es  of  the  middle  of  Sleam  boat  K'oek 
I'll  iiie  MHitli  side  of  Whaler  I>laiid.  and  the  south  side  ot'  lloniid  Roik  on  wnh  the  north  side 
•I  Mii.^M'l  Itoek.  I'roiii  il  the  la^ilil  house  bears  noiilieast  by  north  (Ml.  by  N.i,  distant  nearly 
ti\  ■■  I  i.;;lilhs  ot'a  mile:  Kuuiid  l.'oek  iieais  east  one-ipiarter  somii  (I",.  [  S.),  distant  exaetly  one 
i.iil'  ;    and    While  or    liiid    Koek    w  I'sl    by    iioilli    half   noiihiW.  by    N.  j    N.l,  dislanl   \ei\\   nearly 

II. ■!    Mille. 

!M•^  leporled  thai  at  e\treMie  low  tides  I  wii  w  hills  .ne  seen  a  r-h.u  I  d  isl  a  liie  outside  this  roek 
.ivi.oJi;  but  Ihis  report  may  refer  |o  the  ihiiteili  and  ei;,'lilreu  feet  sunken  locks,  just  described, 
!\!iiuiiwi  a  ijiiai  ter  ol  a  mile  soni  hwcsl  t'loin  Sle.iiiilioal  itock. 

I'ailiicr  to  the  noitliwesi  llieie  are  no  known  hidden  ilaii;;eis  outside  the  lines  eonneel  in;; 
till' i'iil<lil!ost  visible  rocks  hence  to  I'oint    Saint  «ieor;:i', 

r  ill  /I'ec/.'  mill  I  III-  ir/((n7".--l'lat  li'ock  is  a  low  rock,  sixlv  van  Is  in  ex  ten;.  I,\  iiii;  on  ihe  I  wehe- 


laie  III  the  h 


irlior  111  rioceii!  <'il\.  three  hi'iidied  and  li|'l\   \ai 


lis  oil  I  lie  e.i.^t  side  o 


f  I'.alterv 


I.      It    isiliiecllv    north  of  Steam  boa 


I  i: 


di--laill  tlilee-el^hlh.s  of  ,1  mile,  and    olie-iiuai  ler 


mile  casMiortheas 


t  (il.N'i:.*  1 1 


iiili  the  la;.:lil  liou-< 


.\   liii;li  and    ivell   (onstincted  wh.iif  has   been    biiill  out  iroiii  llic  noil  lieast  shore  ol    I'latleiN 


r  live  hundied   \  aids  e\  er  the  leef  and  mil  as  far  as    I'lal  K 


'mill  lor  live  hunilieil  .\  arils  e\  er  tlie  leel  aiiu  oiil  as  lar  as  i  lai  kock.  w  here  il  w  as  auchoied  t'l 
III'  lock  ill  a  very  sub.-.taiili.il  manner,  lint  the  j;ales  ol  November.  lsis,"(.  pio\ed  the  heaviest  thai 
li.ivr  been  felt  at.  <'i'eseenl  Cily  siiiec  l.S.'i.!,  and  the  w  half  w  as  carried  awav.  .\iiolher  wharf, 
arallid  with  the  I'oimer,  has  been    built  out  from  the  shore  Ihiee  humlred  teet  furtiier  In 


luioiiii:;'  I 


I  ''I 


il 


llic  easlwanl.    The  old  wharf  lias  not  been  lepaired. 


'.if 


*'■' 


'I 


^J 


348 


I'Acinc  cuAsi'  rii.oT. 


t^AIl.INli    DIUKCTIONS. 


Slii]>-nast(M's  triuliiiK'  n'.iriil;iily  ti>  ricsciMit  Cilv  riirt'ls  riiii  \>y  hoiirin^s  wIk'ii  (licv  Ikim. 
rcaclH'd  tlic  viciiiilv  of  liomul  Hock.  Ixit  f,'i>veiii  their  ('(Mirscs  U\  Hit'  lucalis  ami  swiiis  on  rn,. 
siiiikcii  rocks,  and  by  tlic  jtatclics  of  kelp.  Htraiijicr.s  slionlil  prot  cod  vci.v  cautiously,  and  Ici  ili,. 
beiu'lit  ol"  .such  tlit"  followin^r  tlircctioiis  ;irc  ^ivoii: 

Wlicn  a|)proacliinjx  flic  aiiclioiaf^c  (Voin  llic  soutlnvanl  niii  tor  IJoiuid  Itot'k,  ilic  oiiliMinn.si 
rocky  islet  already  dcscrilied  ;  ]iass  it  on  tlic  jxirl  liaiid  in  si\  talhoins  of  water  o\  <'r  locky  lioiii.ni. 
};iviii;;ita  liertli  ofali'viit  one  tminlrcd  yarils,  ami  steer  norili  by  west  one(|narier  west  jN.  by  \\  ' 
W.)  for  tliree-ei;^liilts  of  a  mile  to  aliont  one  linndre(!  yaids  cast  of  I''aunll<'roy  Kock  ami  liii 
rock  in  ian;;i'  with  Stcam-lioat  I.'oik.  in  this  ])osj|ic)n  liic  two  feet  snnken  rock  lies  one  hiniilhd 
and  ten  vards  to  t!n'  <ast  sontheasi  ;  it  may  show  a  swirl  on  it,  Itnt  ilo  not  depend  on  thai.  I  inm 
this  posil  (ai  .>teer  iiortliwest  (N W  .)  for  one  (piartei  of  a  mile  and  aiu'lior  in  three  and  aiinaiici' 
fathoms  ,'  'water  on  the  line  between  the  l.ijjht  Inaisc  iiiid  north  side  of  Whaler  Island  and  on  tlic 
line  of  the  wliart. 

Ano'aer  eonrse  (o  the  aiichora;:.',  more  ^iiiialile  for  saiiini;  vessels  in  the  ordinary  n.lrlllv,l^l 
wimls.  is  ;i  pass  Iv'onnd  Itock  on  the  slarl)oard  hand  al  the  di>tam'e  of  about  om'  linndred  \.niU; 
steer  nonli  three  i|ii.uters  west  (N.  ','  V\'.!  for  half  a  mile.  passuiLr  tlic  hmilirithi  I  le(l;4e.  m.iiMii 
b\  kelp,  close  on  tlie  port  hand.  I'auntleroy  Kock  distant  ninety  .\  anls  on  thi'  starboard  haml.  iiinl 
Wwtirilri  ircf  leil;:e.  marked   wiih    kelp,  distant    ninety    \arcls  on   the  [lort  haml.     ContinuilM^ 


<-onrse  until   Whaler  Island   bears  about   east,  theii   haul   yoar   windcloselv   and  shoot  up  t 


p   to   II 


anchora;;e  in  three  lathoms  as    before  directe.l.     SliouM  it  be  iu'c»'ssary  to  tack  shij)  after  p; 

the,  Fanulleroy  Hock,  act  promptly  and   remember  that   tim  west  side  of  \\  halci'  Island  can   lir 

approached  moderately  close,  carr\in;;'  three  fathoms  with  no  kmiwn  sunken  dan^'ers,  but  ili.ii.  ii 


Yoii  fetch  in  to  wimlwai'il  of  Whaler  Island,  von  nnisl  lack  a;,'aiu  when  or  before  its  west") 


a  I'liii 

bears  southeast  (SI',.).     The  sunken  rocks  on  the  weather  side  of  the  passage  are  marked  by  ktlip 
and  may  be  approachecl  as  clo>e  as  the  w  ind  w  ill  permit. 

To  a  ship  ina>tei'  acriislomed  iv>  ob>cr\e  and  iiiii  by  ran;;es  the  followiiij;-  .lirection  will  hr 
uselul.  When  approachinu  ti.e  aii<'lioia;;e,  and  as  soon  as  Hound  Hock  can  be  made  out.  brin-  ii 
to  be.ir  noiih  half  we>t  (N.  A  W.  i.  Note  some  object  on  the  low  shore  on  the  noithcasi  side  of  ihr 
aiiclioia^e,  and  also  soiiie  tree  lU' othtr  object  t'arther  inland,  both  inraiiuewidi  lomnd  H.mI,  mi 
that  beaiiii;:.  Sleer  on  that  rant;e.  which  will  also  clear  ( 'base's  Led^^c,  directly  for  Hoiiml  i;,i,  k. 
and  when  nearly  up  to  it  jioit  your  hi'lin  to  dear  it  close  aboard  on  the  port  hand;  resume  mi,u 
ranjre  a;,'ain  as  soon   a>  .\nu   are  past    Hound   Hock,  and  I'lin  in  on  the  iani;<'.  jiassin;;;'  miil«.i. 


I'l'tweeii    I'aiiiit 


rV!'\     l.ocU   a 


lid  Ihe  two  feet  sunken  rock,  un'il  the   I'mntlerov  Uock 


IS   111    lali-c 


with  Steam  boat  Hoc',  ;  then  proceed  to  the  anchora^^e  as  bel'ca-e  directed. 


Ciuniiij;  liom  tlie  noil  liwi'-t,  ship  mastcis  aeipiainted  with  the  channel  between  tin 


lee!    ,r 


if  the  I'aunlleroN   Hock  as  lulore  diiecied. 


Point  Saint  (!eii|-e  keep  half  a  mile  onlsiilc  of  Castle  H'oik.  White  Hock,  ami  tin-  rock  a 
which  lies  half  a  mile  onl-.iile  Sicam  boat  Hock.  .\  vessel  half  a  mile  soiilh  of  While  '  .ii-k 
safely  sti'cr  lor  iomnd  HNick.  ami  when  wilhiu  half  a  mile  of  it,  pass  to  Ihe  wi^slwa.a  of  ii 
distance  of  a  (piaiter  of  a  mili',  then  sleer  for  \N  li.iier  Island  iiiilil  loniiid  Hock  bears  south 
east  (S.  \  v..)  and  run  in  on  the  e.i>l  sii 

\'es>el.s  },'encrall.\  anchor  in  three  |o  three  and  a  <piai  Icr  tai  lioins  of  water  on  the  line  Im  P'  i  in 
the  end  of  the  wharf  oxer  I'lat  Hock  and  the  south  side  of  Whaler  Island,  or  on  the  line  ol  :!ir 
I.i;;htdnHise  and  north  side  of  WhaK'r  Island,  'i'he  anchoraj;e  is  safe  only  dm  iny;  the  sis  or  scmii 
months  ot'  the  '•  dry  season,"  when  the  wind  blows  with  tireat  re;;nlaiity  from  the  west  malli'M'^l 
and  noitli«es|.  The  lines  of  the  sand  dunes  at  rninl  SainI  (ieor;;e  and  to  the  northward  of  i:  piar 
tii'ally  prove  this  direction;  but  it  is  said  lliat  \er\  fnipienlly  tin'  wind  at  Ihe  anchora;;c  uill 
dr.iw  in  over  the  beach  to  the  iiorlh  and  norllieasl.  Muiiii;;  the  summer  tin'  I'oys  are  ver\  liiiisc 
in  tlii-i  ^eclioii.  and  it  seems  wonderful  how  the  eoastiii};  steamers  niana;;e  to  ^et  in  and  oiii  uiili 
so  few  aid^  to  na\i;:ation.  There  is  no  lo;;  w  hislle  al  Ihe  I,i;:lil  house,  but  when  the  saw  n  Ii  i- 
riiiiniiiLr  it  t;i\cs  answering;  blasts  to  the  whistle  of  any  approachin;;  sic  iincr. 

Wlti.slliiiji  lUiiiji. — <)ii  till'  "Jnih  of  May,  Isi.Sil,  a  whinllinii  hiioii  was  placed  in  Ihe  appro. eh  In 
Crescent  rity  r.i\.  It  is  nioond  in  ten  and  onefourth  fathoms  of  water  over  hard  sainl  .mil 
rocky  boltoiii.  It  is  located  by  the  follow  iny;  ian;:es,  bcarinys,  ami  di^laiices :  It'onml  Iok  1  ainl 
the  center  of  Whaler  I.slaml  in  iany;e,  beaiiiij.'  north  loiiiteeii  and  a  half  de;;rees  east  (N.  IP  Ii.:. 
and  Hound  Hock  distant  one  third  of  a  iiiile;   l.i;4lil  house  a  little  open  to  thtt  west  of  Sham  Imiil 


"wBlw. 


m. 


■>A 


llilS 


ivttuS^im* 


'.*K.»»Ni»)*i?>.i1 


M<iiiiil;iin  bcliiml  rA\<f  1',mii'I(i,  'ih  inilcN. 
NW.  Sral  i;„ck,  WV.,  ^t  ,„il..s.  i.„i,„  s,.  .;.„,„..,  N.  ,,,  u.,„  ,„ii,,. 


Town.     WImler  Island. 
rr..,sr..nt  City  l-iHlil-lioiis,.,  N.  by  E.  A  E.,  5  niilos. 


.*  * 


Mack'H  Arcli,  NW.  liv  .\ 


Hock, 

111, Irs, 


m 


IllM, 


lul    .1    S 
It 

Ufsl      t 


Tl 


it!  1 


i^t 


|-i 


■III 

n:  J 


lllr  llliii 
llliii  :lll 

lilllM'    !l 

lr>|i(,|  I 

i«i'ii:  \ 

I-  Imll 
',»,lli  I 
(Imi.,.  I, 

I'. 
Illi'l  III 

lillll'  ol 

I'll  till' 
Cli 

"ill   sjl, 

I'm 
an   i,,t  , 


!•;:>: 


WOHBKUiUMm 


PACIFIC   COAST   PILOT. 


349 


'2i 

1  ^ 

t 

' » i 

^     \ 

i;,M  \.  the  (orrinr  iMMriii},'  imrtli  lil't.v-twi)  (k't;ivL's  west  (N.  ."ii!^  W.),  distant  one  and  one-sixteenth 
II    f  >,  and  iSte;iiiili(Mt  IJocU,  distant  elevcnsixteentiis  ot  ii  mile. 


.  J!£ 


CKKSCKNT   CITY   LKilTTIIorSE. 

Cri'scciit  ("its  l.iulit  limise  is  located  im  a  nirky  islet,  alioiit  I'oityfive  feet  above  tiie  sea,  lyin^ 
(■1..M  under  Uatti'i's  I'ciiiil  ami  eoniieeleil  willi  it  at  low  tide.  'J'lie  liiiildin;;  consists  of  a  keeper's 
.1  ' .  llin;;' of  siniie.  |iainli'(l  ij^lil  ImlV,  and  one  and  a  half  stories  Im;{1i,  with  a  low  tower  of  liiiek, 
|i|.is|(ii'd  and  uliitruaslied.  lisin^f  tlironyh   the  center  and  snrnionnled   by  ai.  iron  lantern.     Tim 

ijiii f  the  laiilei  II  and  llie  lialiislrade  are  |iaiiite)l  red.     The  hei^i'lil  of  the  stnietiire  from  base  to 

IimmI  jilaiie  is  thirty-liv  e  feet.    The  l.i^ht  is  a  liarbor  li;;lit  of  llio  Ibiirth  order  of  Fresnel  and  shows 

I'l sunset  to  sunrise  a  /i.nd  irliili:  li(jht,  nuiiil  hii  JIiihIks.     The  interval  of  the  Hashes  is  ninety 

M ids.     In  .Inly,  ls7l,  we  made  oliservations  npoii  the  I.iplit  from  a  near  station  to  establish  its 

iili, i-.es,  which  were  as  follows:  Moderately  bi-i;;ht.  sixty-one  seconds;  dark,  twelve  and  a  half 
>i  imN;  ini^lit  tiasli  of  less  than  one  second;  dark,  twelve  and  a  half  seconds;  moderately  biieht, 
,i>  liildie.     Oliiii'  iiieasnies  have  made  the  bii;;lit  tlasli  as  niiich  as  thrci^  seconds. 

I  he  l.i;:ht  was  first  exhibited  on  the  10  h  of  December,  is,"»(i.  In  Ajiril,  IStiO,  it  was  not  shown 
l(ii  a  siiiiit  time. 

I I  illiiininales  two  linndieil  and  .seventy  de;rrees  of  the  horizon.  The  eoin]tass  raiifje  of 
Msiliility,  nsefnl  to  maiiners,  is  from  northeast  halt  east  (M'.  l  I'..)  round  by  east,  south,  and 
ur>i  to  west  by  north  hall  north  (W.  by  N.  \  N).  The  local  idane  is  ei;;hty  feet  above  lii<;h 
ua'er  level,  and  the  I.i^ht  should  be  seen  in  a  fa\orable  state  of  the  atmosplicie  from  a  heijiht  of — 

Id  I'l  I'l   ill   a  ilislaniT  of  i:!.'.l  mill's. 


•JO  I'ci't   at   a  ili»l:i 


'f  i:..l  mill' 


'ill  I'lrl   al    a  ilislatici'  nf  li'i.."i  niili's. 


The  ),'eo;;raphicai  position  of  the  l,i;;lit,  as  determined  by  the  ("oast  and  (Jendetic  Snrvey,  is: 


l.alilmli' II      II 


atli. 


l.Mlmllllilo I'.'l      r.'    III'.       wi'st. 


<  )i,  in  ttiiii' 


111-   l-.l. 


■file  iiia;:iieiic  vaiialioii  was  IS^  r>'t'  east  in  .laiiiiary,  ISS'i,  w  ith  a  yearly  increase  of  I'.l. 
Ill  MM  the  I, i;;  lit  house  we  ha\'e  the  follow  iny  beaiiii;;s  and  distances  to  im  pi  at  ant  objects; 


Capi'   Mi'liiliH  IMD   l.i;;l!l-lliillM' 

Wllisllili',:  iinev  nil'  11 ImiIiIi    lla 


III     I'..,  ilislaiii  T;i  unit's. 
IT      1!..  ilislaiit  .'■'.•  mill's. 


i;ni  k\  I'l.iiil ."-.   '-'I      i;.,  ili-taiU  ;1T  mill' 


Ki'ililiii;{  Iiiii'k 


I-:.,  ihsMiii 


ill- 


Jiinalliaii  Knrk  (siinki'ii)  Saint  (iiiir^tc's  Iin't' 

Niulliwi'si  Sr.il  K'cirU  (|iici|iii.si  il  lif;lii)  ^^aillt  tii'mfii-'n  Kii'l 


\V..  ili~iaiil  (■;  mill' 
\V..  ili-hiiit  '.Is  mill' 


Till'  seciinil,ii\    astiiiiiomical  station   of  the  Coast   Siii\cy   was  on   the  extremity  of  Ilattcrx 

i'  just  inside  the  Li;;hl  house.     It  is  in  laliliide  II      If   17"  iioith,  loiij;iliide  ILM  '  11'  .'t.S"  west. 

luhsitt  Cnsirnt  rjVi/.— The  Collected    I'^stablisliiiielil,  oi  liican  interval   belweeli   the  time  of 


ii's  transit  and  the  time  ol    hinh  water,   is  \1' 


'J'he  mean  rise  and  fall  of  I  he  tide: 


■  ximately  tour  and  sexcii  tenths  feel.     The  axiraue  dillcieiici'  in  lii'ifiht  between  the  moriiin;,' 

iitciiioon  tides  of  the  same  day  is  one  and  four  tenths  leet  for  the  hi-li  waters,  and  two  and 
.  ii'iilhs  tei'l  lor  the  low  w;ilcrs.  ^^■|lell  the  moon's  declination  is  ;;reatest,  these  dilVercnces  are 
i.iiM'ly  two  and  twoteiilhs  feet  and   thice  and  six  tenths  feel.     The  hi;;hest  hi;;h  tide  in  the 

>  lour  hours  occurs  about  11'  Oil'"  aflerthe  moon's  npperliaiisit  when  the  moon's  declination 
'Mli;aiid  about  T'  !'.•"  before  the  mnon's  liansit  when  her  declination  is  sonlh.     The  lowest  low 

-eiiis  about   seven  hours  alter  the  liij;liest  lii^h  water,  the  tides  bein;,'  of  the  same  type  as 

'   iiiiiii'  fulls  described  for  San  I'lancisco. 

In  obtain  the  time  and  lieinht  of  each  tide  of  the  year  take  out  for  the  reipiiied  date  the  times 
liei;;|its  lor  Astoria,  <  beuoii,  from  the  published  tide  tables  toi  the  I'acitic  coast  ;   then  lor  tin- 

"I  hiuh  water  ol  Crescent  Cit  V  siilil  ract  ['■•  \'J'"   tioiii  the  time  of  hii;h   water  at  .\sloiia.  ami 


liel},dit  siibti'.U't  one  and  six  tenths  ol  a  loo  ;  for   the  time  of  h 


iw    wa 


ter  subtract  1''  L'.")" 


1    lie  lime  of  low  water  at  Crescent  City,  and  for  the  hei}:ht  adil  one  tenth  of  a  foot. 

t'le.seeiit  City  liay  was  tirsi  surveyed  in  ls,">:i,  and  a^siin  in  l."^."i!>.     The  followin,^' re|>oit  (ls,-.!t) 
ill  -how  clearly  the  daiiLeroiiscliaracter  of  the  roadstead,  and  the  knowledj;e  iei|uiied  to  enter  it: 

'III  11^  till'  priijiri'HH  111'  I  111'  II  -.111  Ml,  ,,|   Cii  s,  iiii  (  ii\  11,11  Ilia-,  wr  r..iinil  siviimI  iirvv.  ilaii;;r!iiiis  links:   Inii  as  iIu'.v 


'<  III  (III'  I'lianiii'l.s  I'lilliiwi  il  li\  si 


I'.'imi'i's,  all 


il  ilii  iinl    iiili'il'iii'  »  illi  till'  am  liiira;;i'  in  ns 


it  ill 


II".  niil  -1  Tin  iii'i'i'.s- 


•''I' 


350 


PAciKic  COAST  nuvr. 


Niiry  ti>  notiiM'  tlicin  fiirlln'r  in  lulvaiu'i'  of  tlic<  imMical  ii>ii  nl'  tin-  I'liiirl,  as  I'vcry  niio  Inidiii;;  lii'i(>  kimwH  llml  Vi>s,.|, 
•Irawiiijj  ovi'f  iiiiir  lui  tin  ml,  I  [„■  viiy  can  I  inns  m  mhi  iiiiiij;  out  <il'  1ln'  liiali'ii  (rail,.      I  In-  mcUs  ai  iliat  plarc  ai<   ..i 
a  |it'i'iilmi' rliaiai'icr.  slamliii;;  i>i>lati'il  lil^r  Iiii.m>iii'|>.  w  iih  tliclr  |iiiiiilH  jii.sl  In  li<\\  the  siirl'ari',  anil  i'rail\  ti>  |>i<i< 
nil  I  nek  V  era  ft  llial  may  iTicniinlir  tlniii.      All'  r  «  r  linislinl  llii-  »nrM\v,  am!  a  laii'  »  a>  Iiail  lirrn  si'Icilcil  I'lPi-  a  >,. 

liiii',  wr  ills,  nvi  r.'ij  a  M'l  y  sliar|i  nnU  alnmsl   iIiiim  lly  in  I  In'  |iassai;r,  witli  iis  |miiii|  mily  iliirii  di't   IV tlir  ~ii  ' 

ami  ilii  p  «  all  I  all  aroniiil  11.     'I'liis  is  nirnlionril  In  hIii'M    lliat,  altliiinnli  tlir  ;,'ri  .ili'sl  ran'  «as  taki-ii  in  llir  m 
till'  liiaiarl,  1  '>r  till    piiintsof  roi'k.,  is  sin'h  thai  it  r;in  tint  In-  -.iifpt  'sin;;  it"  iirw  iMn'slir  t'liiiinl  Inr  si'\  rial  si-aNniiN  ti' . 


('iiiiiiiiiniJiMtiiiii  i.s  iii;iiiit{ijiii'ii  iliii'in;;;  titr  .s|ii'iiiu',  ."^iiiniiii'r.  Mini  iiiiliitiiii  with  Sail  I''i'aiiri-.rii 
mill  iillicr  |Mirl.s  liv  cimsliii;,'  .sifjincrs  aiitl  sniliiin  vr.ssd.s;  diiriii;;  III''  "iiili'i'  a  .slcaim  r  iti.i.i  s 
n';;iil.ir  lri|is. 

'I'lii'  tduii  lies  tmrllnvt'st  of  ilic  aiirlnii'aj;i'  ami  lia.-<  liin'otiic  a  ]ilari'  iif  iiii|ii(itaiirf.  Tiifn'  ur 
.■^ix  liiiiiiliril  Id  .■-rvt'ii  liiiiiili'i'il  iiilialiilaiil.s.  anil  aliiiiil  I\m)  tlioii.saiiil  in  the  niiiiitv.  .Miiili  ul  ihr 
ailjaciMil  ciiiuitrv  is  riiliiv  ali'il.  ami  att  iiiiiDcii.si'  aiiKiiint  of  .slock  is  i-aiscij. 

Soiillica.siwaril  iroiii  tin'  lown  rotntm  iicc  llii'  ilctarlii'il  ili-|io.sils  of  aiiiifrroils  sainl  ami  :;ia\i'l 
wliirli  air  tmiml  lii'inc  mutliuanl  In  llii'  ('iH|iiilli'  Kixi'i.     Tlicsc  sands  wiri'  formrilv   uuikiil  mar 


("ri'scciit  Cilv.  liilt  this  imiiisl 


r\  IS  iiiiu  aiiaiii 


loliril. 


In  177."".  lioili'^a.  tin'  roiiimamli'r  of  iln'  si'linomi'  r'tliiiilml  or  Smir-ii,  niailo   llm   lami  in  l.in 


imli'  II     ."ill' on  till' Sih  111  .Itiiii' ulii'ii  it'ini  iiiiiu  iVoiii  till' mil  tliwaiil.     In  H     I"  lie  t 


iioU  |nissrs>iii|i 


of  the  ciiiuiti  V  anil  uavi'  to  it  tlio  iiamc  I'.l  I'm  rio  tli' Ins  llin 


I  li'  sa\  s  llic  iiailmr  is  nil, 


front  wimis  of  llii'  fmil'lli,  lifsl,  ami   pari  nl    llii'  smmil  ami  lliinl  qtiailraiils  li\  tin'  \ri\v  lii;;li  lulls 


iiiml  It.      .Mllion::ii  lit'  iiiriitioiis    liiuli  loi'Uv     islets  do 


SI'    Illl'Ifl 


Ipof  niiiv  altos  inoliti's]  wiiirli  siiir 

tin'slioii'  in   IJ    nil'  111'  iloi's  iiiii    K'li'i  to  tin' tlannit  s  ot   tin'  Dianoii  itocks  or  ('icsccni  <'ii\   |;iii. 

Ill  llif  \ii,\ani'  ol   ilir  .Vi(/i7  ami  Mi.iiiniKu  in  I71I'J,  Point  Saint  (li'oi'nc  is  fairly  wi'll  laid  dimn. 

tin-  HM'f  ami  d.iii;.'i'is  H'|iii'si'nti'il.  and  iiidcnlalioiis  to  iinlii'ali'  thi'  stri'ains  cnti't'inn  at  ami    iln'iii 


till 


alioii  of  Cicsi'riil  Cilv. 


I'lirlll^ii 


If  lalls  Cii'Mrnt  ('ii\   llailmr  tin'  '•  It.iv  of  San  Schaslian. 


'1 

A  fliait  of  Crcst'i'iit  Cilv  Ilailior  was  piililislnd  in  l.S.Mi;  and  in  l'"s7.->  a  cliait  I'liilnaiiiiL;  iln 
harlior  and  tlio  lM'a;:on  lirrftotln'   ui'si  noiihwisl. 

Til'  l'iiri,l\<ui  Insliinv  Ijlily  Ciitri  III  (iniiili  nf  hititmli-  \'l  ),  —  .■some  ofllii'  iiinsl  s.il  ist.n  t'i:\ 
])l'ools  of  till'  iimvi'liii'iil  of  tliisciii  ri'lil  inn  ill  of  ( 'lesi'i'iit  Cily  lia\t'  lii'i'ii  rslaWlislii'd  dm  in;;  the  List 
two  or  three  jeais.  In  thai  liliie  tniioniaiilileal  reeoniiai.ssanees  were  made  from  Cape  Seli.istiiiii  In 
I'liit    Ol  fiiiil,  Iiom  Caj'i' ( li  li'id   to   the  \  ai|iiiii.i  Ki\  ci',  lliem'(>   lo    I'lllaniook  r>a,\ ,  and  limn  <  ii.i'.'s 


II 


II  lui;   III  Cape 


1  litli 


It  is  a  f.iel   \mI1  kmiwn  to  botanists  and  to  liiinliei  ineti  tli.it  llie  ;;in\vlli 


•  f  the  ( '.lllfiil  Ilia 


ledwoiiil  ceases  jiisi  mn  I  h  of  I  lie  C.ililoiiii.i  lioundarv  line,  ami  pmlialily  luiwnii 


C.ipe>  I'ei  lelii  and  .'^cliasliaii ;   and   there  ate  mi  saw  nulls  ciitlinn  the  tiinlier  except  I 


wild,     t  )n  the  aliiive  leeoiinaissaiices  the  redwood   lo^s  and   In 


of  redwood  ti 


1  i  he  v'lii!  li 


ees  Wile  1.  ii|, 


aloiin  ihe  whole  of  the  noiihern  shores,  and  were  well  known  to  I  dians  and  settlers.      Knl-,' 1 

Ions  and  I  lees  li.nl  all  eadv  Ueeii  Ion  ml  on  the  lieaehes  liet  ween  Til'  inink  ami  ilie  Colninliia  K  \ir. 
The  sliore  I'linn  ( iia.\ 's  llailiiii  to  Cape  I'laltei.v  was  niaiked  In  ledwnod  Ions  well  known  In  llir 
Indians,  ll  w  as  w  aniiii,:;  lo  liace  the  Inns  almin  the  weslei  n  slinie  nl'  \'aiicini\er  Islami.  T!i  - 
was  done   diiiiiin    the   ,\ear    Isis.s^  -iiid   tlie.\    weie   fniiml   as   far   mnlli   as  Cape  Scot.,  in   hil::iiiin 


"itP  (ti'.aml  their  properties  aie  well  known  to  all  the  Indian  trilies.     in   the  .same  \eai 


ilri'i 


'le  lonml  on   the  Cliini-sa'-ai'i    I'eniii-n 


Wales    Island,  Alaska,  liet 


Ween  .M     111 


mil  ."i  I      III'.  Iia\iii"  drilled  not  les.n  than  einht  hiindied  miles  to  Ihe  norlhwan 


T 


le  mn\  eliietil   nl    W  tei 


d    VI 


III  the   not  I  liwesi  w  aid  almin   and   | 


1   past   the  si 


inies  nl     \    ill 


cniiM  r  Islami  is  Well  illiislialed  liy  the  dlill  nl  the  liaik  Minin  ./.  .Sinilli  Inr  two  linmlied  ami  ^'iv 
iiiili's  :  and  the  di  ill  of  pari  of  the  w  leek  of  the  SI.  Sh iilii  ii.  that  liiiimlered  olV  I-'latlei  \  llnel  ~  .i 
ISsii,  and  was  easi  ashnie  alinlil  lalilmie  ."ili  .  Si\  ('nhlinliia  Kixer  Ininys  lie  lielween  ' 
I'.niiilla  and  Cape  Clink.  .M,ili,\  olln  r  pronis  lia\e  lieeli  ^.itheicd,  but  need  linl  be  eiiilitn  i  i  n. 
Ohjy  one  need  be  liteiitioned  to  llidicale  I  he  M'loeily  ot'  I  his  eddy  em  lent  :  to  the  west  \\  ai  .  "I 
I'ninl   I'lniiilla  was  Imind  .i  Cnliiinbia    Ki\ei'  seine,  with  the  name  of  the  eanners  allaehed,  ,iii  i  ii'i' 


lish  still  haiinin;,'  in  the  ineslie: 


It  miisi  ha\e  been  earried  one  hiindivd  and  lil'l\  miles  in 


I'oiM   ,s.\i.\f  (ii;(ii;iiH 


fi   t 


For  three  ami  mie  third  miles  In  the  west  mitlhwesl  from  Crcseciil  City  Lit^Iil-lioiise  ll 


d  loibiddi 


as|  bite  stletehes  to  Imin   I'ninl  Saint  (ieorne.      'Ihe   shore  line  is  model.ili 


but  rot.'k\,  and  buidi'icd  by  ii'i-fs  and  foul  nrouiid  out  to  tlu'  line  of  rock\  i.slets  which  lie  ni' 


I 


I'Acinfr  ciiAsr  i-ilot. 


.).)  I 


J  ,1  Miiccof  llircc  i|ii.uli'rs  (if  II  niilo.  OlVtlic  wcsiciiinmst  pint  of  tlic  poiiit  tlic  (Iniijrcrs  nrc  imt 
,|.,:  .  Ml  liiroiil,  KMcliiiif^  onlv  li:ilr  ii  inili'  to  the  wcsl  luulliuc-;!  ;  Wut  tlir  ;;i('al  S;iiiil  (Icorjif's  llccf 
III  |ii;i;:<iii  Itiii'ks  lic^'in  iit  our  ami  ;i  halt  iiillfs   tnuii   Hit'   pmiit   ami   stri'tili  niit  Inr  IIm' miles  to 

III,-  ui'.sl  iMiilliwcsl.     I'.clvvfcii  llic  inner 1  ol'  tiiis  reel'  ami  llie  daiiKi'is  inimeiliately  iimler  llie 

l„.  ni  IS  t  lie  iSaiiit  (ieoi;;e's  Cliaiiiiel,  uliieli  is  a  little  omt  tliiee  (|iiart<'is  of  a  III  lie  widi-  within  lluj 
ri.  >i  I'aliioni  lines  ami  call  ies  I'loni  nine  anil  a  i|i|artei'  to  loiirteeii  ami  a  hail  t'athonis  ot  water 
iiM  I  varialile  liciliini,  iimI»\,  line  ;;ieeii  saml.  liiolieii  shells,  enai'se  uiavel,  \elliiu  mini,  anil  saml. 
liii'  point  ilselt  is  (piite  low,  Willi  several  iiieyiilar  ami  inekv  liilloeks  on  the  iiniiiediale  slnnc- 
hi. .  leaehinn' one  linmlieil  ami  lilt  y  six  feel  in  liei;;ht,aml  several  hij;li.  roek.v  i.>lels  close  iimler 
II.  mil  one  l.\  in;i  I  wo  I  liinls  ot  a  mile  oil'  shore  to  the  soiiihw  aril.  The  point  is  nearly  one  mile  in 
r.\M  it  northwest  ami  southeast.  \\  iili  saml  dunes  and  lowland  imniediately  liehind  it,  and  the 
I'm.  ^1  lieis  alioiit  live  ei;^lillis  ot  a  mile  to  the  northeast,  am!  with  a  tew  tices  Just  inside  the 
si.niliiaslei  n  extiemity.  The  xavvaid  lace  ot  llie  one  hnmlied  and  lil'ty  six  tei't  clill',  named 
j'li.iniiiitoi  V  l.'oek,  at  the  sii.iie  line  is  iieail.s  vertical,  as  it  the  halt  of  a  round  hill  had   been  cut 


llie  fullowiii''  are  the  rocks  nit  the  shoie  line  liet ween  ("reseeiit  ("itv  I.i;;ht  and   Point  Saint 


(;n.iL:e:  * 

III  1(1  II r  \y liilv  liiiik, — This  rock  is  alioni  one  hiimlred  and  twenty  \  aids  in  extent,  and  it  is 
!i;i.iiieil  to  he  alioiil  sixlv  led  lii;;li.  As  seen  troiii  seaward  il  yenerall.v  ap|iears  ot  a  whitish- 
\,il..u color.  Il  lii's  li\eei^;lillis  of  a  mile  olV  the  shore  and  one  and  one  (|iiaiter  miles  south 
M\.  iil.v  ei;;ht  dcy;recs  west  (.S.  Ts  \V.)  I'roiii  the  l.ij;hl  house.  There  is  a  smaller  lock  alioiit  one- 
iliihl  lit  a  mile  III  the  east  liy  sonlh  troiii  it,  wilh  ei^lit  tallioinsot  water  around  the  latter,  ('lose 
ii;ii|.i  ilie  wcsl  end  ot  Tiird  li'ock  are  three  small  rocks.  .\ll  around  this  rock  and  tor  a  ijiiartcr 
I'l  ,1  nil' 


Ic  iiisliiire  the  ilepih  raiiL:es  lioni  ci;^lil  and  a  ijiiailci  lo  ten  talhoms  ot  water.     The  round, 
let  close  inshore  alireasi  ol    I'.iid    liock   is   I'leslnn's  Island,  and  a  ipiarler  ot  a  mile  I'loiii  the 


ui'>|  eai 


1  ot  I'.iiil    l.'oek  towards  I'lcslon's  Isl.iml   there  is  a  sunken  rock  wiih  twelve  I'eel  ol'uali 


il  ami  SIX 


and  a  halt  t.itlioins  i.\\'  water  inside  ot  il.     \' 


es^cls  may  jiass  close  under  the  sea 


cl  side  ot  llird  liock  when  iniiiiiiiL;  (or  or  Icav  iiii;  ( 'rcscciit  ('it\   l!av. 


I'lisllr  llmk. — This  is  a  la 


ru''  rocUv  islei  one  i 


nailer  ot  a  mill' in  Iciil^IIi  northeast  and  soiiih- 


\v-\.  lull  incL;iilar  in  oiilline.  The  siiiiMiiil  iie.ir  the  .■Miiithuot  end  is  two  hiimlied  and  ei;;ht 
ir.'i  iliiiM'  Ihe  uatci.  Il  lies  three  ipiaiteis  ot  a  mile  olV  Ihe  >liore,  luo  and  one  third  miles  miiili 
.•i,lit\  tour  ilc-iees  west  (N.  .SP  W.)  I'rom  tlii'  I,i;;lil  house  and  one  and  a  halt  miles  south  tliirt.\ 
cs  east  (.S.  .KP  !■;.)  I'roiii  the  iiorthern  part  ot  Point  Saint  (icorjic.  'i'liere  is  no  deep  water 
ot  II.  I  III  a  Inoacl  area  ot  visilile  ami  sniiUcn  rucks  w  itii  pahlies  lA'  kt  Ip  n  achiiii;  iiorthe.isl- 


.I..I 


A  .hi   to   llie 


liore.     I'or  oiiC'tliiid  ot  a  mile  sonlhcasi  w  .inl  on  ai 


lo    lllslilc  Ihe  line   lo    I>| 


rd   It 


iliiic  are  several  visihle  and  siinUcii  rocks,  and   iheiii'e  a  line  ol   visiiile  rocks 


towards   Preston"; 


d.     liiil   immedialelv  iimlei  I  he  sonlheasi  side  ol  Castle  Itock,  and  on  ihe  sonlh.  we: 


and 


iiiliwcsi  t.ices,  Hie  depth  ol   water  is  nine  to  ten  t.ilhon 


r  haul  sand  ami  ii 


nW\ 


liol  Ion 


This  lockv   islet  is  a  f^ood  mark  tor  vessels  passiii;^  lhiuii;;h  the  SainI  (lcor;:('s  Clianiiel  eillier 
Ihn.'  llie  northwest  or  soiitlica>l,  and  they  mav  |ia.ss  ipiiic  close  to  il. 

I'liiiil  hlvf,  only  one  ipmi  ter  ol  a  mile  olV  the  smii  hei  ii  pari  ot  Point   Saint  ( leoi  ue.  is  a  rocky 


'    i«(i  liiimlrcil    vaids  in  ieiiLiili  cast   and  west,  aiiil  iisiiif;  oy  a  ^^ladiial  s 


llcilii  the  east   to 


'  liinidieil  led  al  Ihe  west,  w  liere  il  dlnps  olV  almost  vertically.  Il  lies  near  the  limit  ol  the 
(III.  e  t.ilhom  line  St  I  dell  I  n^  li  oni  Ihe  point,  ami  has  less  than  two  tat  lioms  ot  water  close  under  its 
«"iiil,»esl  aii^^le;  lull  within  sixty  y.irds  outside  ot  this  tlieic  is  a  depth  ot  live  lo  six  I'aliionisot 
"iiiT,  w  illi  j^iadnai  increase  to  nine  talhonis  in  a  ipiai  Icr  ot  a  mile.  'VwukiiiiLiii  niil..\  close  loud  her 
111  iwo  hnmlied  and  lilly  vaids  sonlh  sonlhwesi  (,S.SW.)  troin  this  soiilhwest  anj;le  ot  the  islet, 
li''«.'\cr,  and  inst  oiiNide  ot  the  line  Ironi  the  uesiciii  exl  rciiiil.v  (it  Castle  IJock  to  lirow  ii  h'ock 
'Mil  .1  iiiiie  West  liol  I  liu  est    Imni   PoillI   Saiiil   (leoii;ci. 

I'oinl  Islet  lies  two  and  lliiee  ipiai  Icrs  miles  north  seventy  live  dcyrecs  west  (  N.  7.">     W'.i  t'loin 
llie  l.ii:lit  house  and  on  the  line  and  neatly  niidwav  lidweeii  C.isile  Itock  and   Ihe  malhwesl  pari 


'iMiil  Saint  (ieoij^e.     Il  is  a  ^ood  mark  tor  ;;oiii<i  Ihroiij^li  the  chaniiel. 
I'l  iiil'iiiliini  liiiil;. — This  is  a   liij;li   roekv    islet  eoniiectcd   u  ilh  the  shore  al  \>>\\    w.ilcr. 


Till 


II"  ot  il  IS  onlv  one  linmlrcd  and  twenty  live  yards  loni:.  Imi  ii  rises  to  one  liiimlred  and  (itly- 
-i\lii't  aliiive  the  sea,  and  with  its  while  trout  is  a  iiolalile  nlijcd.  I'oiil  ;;ioiiiid  slrdclii's  one 
I!"  I  ot  .1  mile  Hillside  of  It  to  three  falhoms.  Il  lies  three  eiuhlhs  ol  amilcliom  the  northern 
'  \  i'  iiiitv  ot  PoillI  Saiiil  (icor.uc,  and  liveeii'liths  ot  a  mile  troin  its  sonlhcasi  limit. 


llli 


i 


I 


W'i 


•!n,( 


\ 

H 

■  * 

'  *■ 

1 1 

■ 

t 

}u 

% 


ww\ 


i'lil? 


.1, 


rACII'IC    CnAsr    I'll.or. 


nr)ij 


I  \  -live  IrrI 
i  rriilil.irr,! 
I'    llllllili'i'il 

IIIIIMI'l'ii|> 

It'  is  siiiiii' 

II  Slri'h  !lrs 

iillt'  I'i'r'   III 

f'tls      III     llll' 

i  liai'I'inu  >i 
N.  :;:     'A 

o\'    ll ;■{ 

rl. 
Slll\l\      Is 


I'd.      Ill  till' 
';i1hi  (Ic  S.iii 


lit'  siciiiiii'r-i 
bill  il  i>  III 

till'    lll'illrl 

t    r,l    1m-i;;1iI. 

^'||^tll\^c•^i 

lllill"^       llMl'lll 

I  ( irol^i'.  Ill 
I'M'c'iil  I  ■  :|\ 
mill  ill  t  »o 
I'U'l  \i\  "lie 
I'    .loll, llll. Ill 

I'lf  ai''  '  >ii 

(III   llir  I  ,lM 

r  III'  uikIiIIi' 
ttiiiii  dl'  ill)' 
ih',s('ri)iiii.ii 

ij,'llt    I'ltllcMII 

mIiIi'  Iii'I tiiiii 
asi!.'  l;...l,. 

row  11  I.'  "■!>. 
Siai'  i'ml; 

Ir  ai'iiiiiil  .1 

ii'i    al'i.'.isi 

lllil'il  lMlr>. 
'     ll(llillWl>l 

t'nnii  a  |i"^i 
I  laiiL'i'  "  lili 

I  (N.  •'■  W.. 
llll'  -  :;iii- 

.saiiii  .'"ail. 


Tlir  IiimIi'sI  uiitiT  dm  tills  liiM' is  iiliii' ami  iiiir  i|ii,irlrrt'allii)iii.s  wlii'ii  limwii  llnrk  IsaliMMst  alicani. 
'i'.i  I  III  til  tlK^soMllivNai'il  tliroii;;li  tills rliatiiicl  liiiii^  tlio  Ndi'I Invest  Si'al  Kni'k  In  lirar  MDiilliWfst  liy 
vvi  .  (SW.  Ii.\  NV.)  ami  I'.niw  ii  linci*,  I'oiiit  Isirl,  ami  Castli-  Iiui'ii  alimisl  In  iiiii',  Itraiiii;,'  sontliciiHt, 
|ii!i  .siiiilii  (SI''.  A  S.),  ami  .siiowiiij;  jii>t  I'liMi' of  I'lmit  Saint  ( ii'iir;;i'.  h'tmii  tills  |iiisii  Imi  rim  tlui 
(((■|insllc  •■iiiirsi',  or  Hoiillicast  liy  south  (SK.  liy  S.)  to  tlic  t'oiinrr  pniiit:  of  «lc|iarliii'('.  If  tlu^ 
nr  illii'i' is  lliii'lc  till' cliaimcl  .sliiiiilil  iiol  Im  iisi'il  ;  lint  if  olijiTts  ai'o  visiliic  at  oiif  iiiili'  distaiico 
till'  lii't'alo'is  or  tlio  <laii;;ri's  on  fitliiT  siili>  of  tlio  rliaiiiirl  can  iii^  st'cii.  At  siirli  ilinrs  niilravni'  to 
iimKi' Castle*  UiM'k  ami  l<i'r|i  it  ami  tlii<  ollirr  visililo  lorks  on  tin*  cast  .siilo  of  tlic  cliannt'l  aliiuit 
li.ilf  a  Miilc  on  till- .slaiiiii.iiil  iirain  in  jiassiii;;  tliciii  to  tin- iioi  tiiwrsi  waul,  ami  wlim  liiown  liock 
is  aliraiii  sli'cr  m.i'tiiwt'st  iiy  noilli  (N'W.  liy  N.)  until  well  drar  of  liic  rci'!'. 

Tills  cliaiini'l  iiiai^i's  a  .slnnt  cut  of  only  two  or  lliri'c  miles  tor  a  stcaini'i'  comin;,'  ii|i  tin-  coast, 
lull  ll  Is  of  ^;i'i'al  ailvanta;;!' ll  iiiii^tiic  |iii'\  alciirc  of  lica\y  iiort  Invest  winils  and  swell,  especially 
.IS  .1  \e>.si'l  I', Ml  ki'i  p  well  under  Tapes  I''crrclo  ami  Scliastian. 

Thf  Ih-iiijon  CIkiiiiiiI  lies  lutwcen  tlic  outer  line  of  visilile  roek.s  and  sunken  daiifjcr.s  formed 


li\  II. I' 


Nmliiwest  and  Soulliwcst  Seal  It 


liie  (ileal  I'realv,  tiie  .^Iallslielll  llieak,  and  tlie  .lona- 


lli.iii  Itock  on  tlie  western  side;  and  tiie  lar<;e  middle  area  of  \'lsili|e   rocks  and   daii^icrs  lioiiuded 


I'.ast  K 


and  reef  on  the  iioith,  Whale  Itnck  on  tiio  west,  and  Star  Ifoek  oil  the  Koiitli.     I!c- 


twn  II  Whale  Ifoek,  oil  the  east  side  of  '.his  clianmd,  and  .lonatiiau  I'ock  and  the  (ireat  llreak,  both 
siiiii,.'n  rucks,  oii  the  west  .si.le,  tin-  channel  is  oiii*  and  one  tifth  miles  w  ide  and  the  wliole  leii;;th 
1,'^-;  ilian  I  wo  miles.  I''i'iiiii  tiie  posii  ion  wliere  the  mutlii'in  ciIlic  of  I'.iid  Itock  is  in  raiise  ^vitll 
ill.   l.;-hl-liouse,  and  Star  llnck  and  lirown  Iimlv  are  in  raiij;e,  beariii;:  iinitheast  t  wo  thirds  north 


are  III  raiij;e,  lieanii;:  no 
(NK.  -;  .N'.).  the  fair-wa\    course  tiiioiiiri  tiie  channel    is  miithnoi'tliwi'Si  (N'XW.i,  and  this  coiirso 


le  continued  iiniil  tiie  Northwest  Seal  If 


abiaiii,  at  four  and  lliiee  iniarters  miles  from 


llll' 


lIll'.IMI 


■-laitiiij,'  point,     'flic  least  water  on  this  line  is  ten  I'allioms  when  the  Sunt  Invest   Seal  Ifoek  is 


'I'iiis  ciiaiincl  IS  heie  described  itiit  not  recoininemled,  and  a  shl|i-master  can  haidivin 


<titieil 


III  ti>ili^r  it  unless  the  weallier  is  clear  am!  the  swell  siitlicienl  to  cause  breaks  on  all  tiie  dan;;i'i's. 
.Vt  the  iiest  Very  little,  call  lie  ;:aiiied  b,\  il. 

Till'  visibleand  Niinken  d.in;,'crs  constitiitiii;,'  tiie  ."saint  <ieoi'y;e's  Ifeefor  Diajiou  Ifocks  are  as 


l.lllnu. 


Tlif  Otitir  l!n f — The  Xnrlliircst  .Sntl  /.'ix/,. — Tins  is  ilie  oiitcriiiii>l  of  the  (laii;,'ei's  of  the  Saint 
(;.  .11  l;i''s  I  feet',  and  lies  nine  a  ml  three  eif;lil  lis  miles  inirih  .se\  eiitytiuird.'izrces  west  (N.  T-P  W.)  Iroiii 
111.' ( 'icscciit  City  I.i.ulitlioiise,  and  six  and  tiircc-ci^hliis  miles  noiii  scveiitv  six  dej;rees  west 
(N.  Til  '  \\'.)  Ill  nil  I'loinoiitoiy  Itock  mi  I'nliil  Saint  <  iiur;,'!'.  It  is  one  hum  1  red  and  seven  yards  ImiLj 
I  1-1  and  west,  by  seveiity-eij,'ht  yards  mntii  and  soiilh,  and  wis  til'i.N  I'liiir  tect    hiiiii.     I'poii  this 


■Saint  <icor;,'e*s  Ifcef  I.i;,dithoiise  is  now  bein^jbiilit  wlilcl 


I  will  ll 


e  descrilied  fill  liier  on. 


I'liiscoll'  tin*  sontlnvcst  point  of  the  rock  there  is  a  small   black  rock  nineteen  feet  above  tin 


Willi-;.     .Ml   aiiiiilid   and   <'lose   to  these   rocks  the  de|itii   ot"  water 
«il  hill  half  a  mile  thirty  fall  nans  over  j;  ravel  and  line,  dark  .sand. 

I  rmii  (lie  Northwest  Seal  Ifoek  tiie  Southwest  Seal    Ifoek    bearr 


twfiitv  fatlionis,   and 


Miiilii   lift \  six   deitrees  east 


'••s.  .'ill  I-;.),  distant  one  and  three  ipiai  leis  miles,  w  llii  deep  walii,  from  t  w  cuts  .seven  to  ei^iiitecii 
l.illi.iiiis,  iietwecii  I  III  III.      Ill  clear,  line  weather  the  steaiini  s  sometinns  ;;o  inside  tills  rock. 

Thf  i<iiti!liir( st  ,S'(((/  /I'l/i'/,. — 'I  Ills  ruck  lies  seven  an.l  tiiiee  i|iiMrleis  miles  iiortli  seventy  ('i;;lit 
ili'jii'i  s  west  (N.  7S  >  W.)  til  nil  Crescent  City  Iil;;iillioiise,  fuiir  and  three  qua  ilers  miles  iiorlli  ei;;hly- 
ihi.  e  dcj;i'ces  west  (N.K'i'W.)  from  I'liiminitory  Ifoek,  and  one  and  tliieei|iiai'lers  miles  soiilh 
lili.\  ■-i\  deforces  oast  (S.  oil  I'"..)  from  the  Norllnvest  Seal  Ifoek.  It  is  aluiiit  one  hundred  and 
M\I.\  .\  arils  in  exteat  and  fortv  live  fee;  above  the  sea.  It  pii'seiiis  a  brown  and  yellowish  ai)pear- 
.111.1',  and  iis  sei-n  from  the  v  icinity  of  the  ■lonathan  Itock,  is  rather  tlat  on  top  with  two  sliuiit 
|iiii:i 

.siilr.  wiiei'c  heavy  breaks  are  seen  at  low  water  alioiit  one  hundred  to  one  iiiindrcd  and  twcnt.v-tive 
>:ii'N  iiom  thu  rock.  It  is  reported  that  there  is  a  led;,'e  ilme  iiiimlri'd  \aids  farther  otl'tiiau  the 
;ili..\..  breaks  and  on  the  same  line  from  the  rock. 

i'loiii  this  rocii  AN'liaie  Itock  on  tiie  east  side   of  the    l)ra;;on  Clianiiel   Iiears  south   seventy 

st  side 


Is  at  the   apparent  east  end.     The  rock  has  deep  water  aioiind  it  except  iiinler  the  southwcsi 


ili'Ki'i'S  east  (S.  Td  '  I'..)  distant  one  and  seven  ci^litiis 


the  "(Meal   lireak."  on  III 


111  ih.'  same  elianncl,  soiitii  lil'ty  two  deiiices  east  (S.  .">L'  M.)  distant  half  a  mile;  tiie  ."\Iansticld 
ill.  ik  soiitii  nine  decrees  west  (S. '.I  '  W.)  distant  a  little  over  tiirec  qiiailers  ol'  a  mile;  and  tiie 
•hm  iilian  Ifoek  south  twenty  nine  dejjrees  east  (S.  L'iP  I'..)  distant  one  and  a  half  uiiies. 


'fipr 


I  I 


;;r.  \ 


I'Acll'ir  coamT  pilot. 


iM 


MW 


Till'  liiiiioiii  ariiitiid  tins  nick  is  irn';;iilai',  ran;;iii^  Ikiiii  iiiiii'to  tliiit.v  t'oiii'  fatlioiiis  in  h  !i  ,i 
iiiilf.     jti't'p  Miiiiiiliii;;^  art-,  tlifrcrori',  iiu  iiiiliratiiiii  orsiit'i><lisliiiii'ii  rroiii  tlifsi*  iliiiiKi'i'>'. 

Till  "tinul  Hiiiil,." — 'I'liiH  is  an  cxIcn.siM"  Itrcak  ot'  oih-  liniitlrcd  ami  (illv  .vaitls  hall'.i  :  .ilr 
8011II1  lil'tvlwo  (li'Ki't'fS  VA>\  (S.  ."»•_'  I'l.)  (Vnin  till'  Soiilliwi'st  Seal  liocK,  It  lias  twt'lvo  lallmnn 
t'liisc  ill oiiiiil  it.     it  lii'H  on  tlio  wt'st  HiU*^  tif  tli(>  Dragon  ('iiannci. 

Thr  Miinstield  Pttiiih. — This  liicak  lias  an  cxtiiit  of  over  one  iMnulrctl  .vanls.  It  lies  li.iir.i 
mill-  .>.onlii  iiiiii'  (li';jrr<'S  wi'.sl  (S.  !P  \V.)  IVom  tlii>  Soiitliwcst  Seal  jjock.  Tlirrr  is  a  ili'|iili  i>i 
Ivvcntv  t'ailionis  floso  Hi'oiiiiil  it  anil  o\<t  tliirlv  I'atliouis  within  oiii' tilth  of  a  niili-  mi  ilii>  11..11I1, 
wt'si,  ami  south. 

Thf  •hiiiiilhiiii  li'ork. — This  is  a  vit.v  tri'at'horoiis  Hitiikon  rock,  liccaiisc  it  Inraks  onl,\  in  a  mi\ 
lai};i' swill,  ami  thru  not  coiitinuouslN .  It  liis  0110  ami  a  halt'  miles  sonili  Iwrnt.v  nim>  ili';:in's 
«'ast  (S.  J'.i  '  !■;.)  Iidiii  tlio  Soiithwfst  Seal  J{ock  anil  six  ami  scveiifijjhllis  miles  north  ei;^lit\M  .n 
<li'j;rees  west  (N.  ST  ^  W.)  IVoni  tlui  Cii'sceiit  <'it.v  Iii;;litliouse,  which  will  lie  open  to  the  soiilli  nil 
ol'Castle  Itock  alioiit  onethii'il  the  wiiltli  of  the  latter.  I'roin  the  Northwest  Seal  l.'ock  it,  li.,ii> 
soiitli  t'oity  liiiir  ile;,'rei's  east  (.S.  tr  I',.)  ilistaiit  three  ami  one  eiy;htli  miles.  It  has  |i\e  t..  1,11 
falhiuns  close  aiouml  it,  liiit  at  two  iiiimlieil  ami  li ft y  ,v arils  the  depth  is  twenty  live  to  iLiin 
I'allioMis  of  water  over  dark-^ray  sand.     It  is  claimed  that  in  calm  weather  the  watif  m  ilii' 


viciiiily  of  the  rock  clian;;es  suddenly  from  a  deep  liliie  to  a  lli;lit  f,'i'eeii  on  the  reef. 


It  forms  tiie  soiill 


eml  of  the  outer  reel',  and  llio  southwest  ;ioiiit  of  theeiitr 


Hire  u 


n\ 


nra;.^)!!  Channel.     I' loin  this  rock  Whale  Jvock,  on  the  east  sidu  of  that  channel,  hears  iiorlli  1 
.six  decrees  east  (N.  .'ifi'^  K.)  distant  one  and  one  ipiarter  miles. 

It  is  supposed  that  iijion  this  rock  the  steam  .sliip  I'liollur  Jonatlnin  was  totally  \NrecKr,!  11 
the  year  l>i(i7. 

Tlir  hiiiir  Uiff — Till'  Slur  liork. — This  rock  lies  at  the  sontlierniiiost  point  of  tlm  Inmi-  llni, 
and  is  ihcrel'ore  the  ilividiii;;  |iiiint  lietween  the  Saint  (teoi;,'e's  <  hannel  on  the  east  ami  the  I'l.itjdii 
<  lianni'l  on  the  west  of  this  {;ioup  of  visiltle  and  sunken  loeks.  It  is  a  sliar|i  poi tiled  pyi.iuiiiliil 
rock,  sixty  tour  feet  hi^li.  with  an  extent  of  alioiit  one  linmlred  yards  noilli  and  south.  Ii  Ins 
twenty  fathoms  of  water  close  around  it  over  liotloin  of  daik  Kieeii  sand.  Il  lies  four  ainl  iiir 
third  miles  ninth  rij;lilylive  dei^rees  west  (N.  S.i'=  \V.)  from  Cieseeiit  City  la^ht  house,  r.i^il, 
l.'oek  is  oil  this  line  two  miles  eastward  licuii  the  Star  llock,  and  these,  I  wo  rocks  form  the  e.isi 
and  West  points  of  the  soiitliern  entrance  to  the  Saint  (ieni';;e's  Channel.  On  account  of  its  di^i.iiirc 
from  the  Li},'lit-honse  i(  is  locally  called  the  l-'oiir  iiiilu  Hock.  From  it  the  rromontoiy  Itucl,  liin> 
11011I1  sixty  four  de^'rees  east  (N.  til'  1!.)  distant  one  and  three  ijiiarters  miles,  and  Urown  K'nck, 
at  the  northeast  point  of  the  channel,  north  thirty  ei^'ht  decrees  east  ^^'.  .'iS  '  !•;.)  il islam  one  .inl  ,1 


If  mile: 


.Star  Kock  lies  \ery  nearly  on  the  line  of  Mump  KocK,  Whale  K'ock,  Southwest  and  Noill 


luc.^t 


Seal 


K'ocI, 


Ivs,  on  a  jiemral  mulh  sixty  three  ile;crees  west  (N.  (i.i  '  \V.)  coiiise. 


Iiiuiijir. —  It  is  ii'ported  that  in  llie  deep  water  noilh  of  .Star  i;ock,at  six  hundred  vard- 


iii.iil 


(N.)  I'riim  it,  lies  a  sunken  rock  with  six  to  ei;,'lit  feet  of  water  iijion  it.  The  rock  is  said  i"  lii\' 
a  steep  face  to  the  noitheijsl  and  a  slope  to  the  southwest.  A  depth  of  ei;;lit  fathoms  is  laid  .Imwi 
in  this  spot  on  the  chart. 

Jlintijiur  lluiiijiliiirl:  lunh. — This  is  a  small   rock,  twenty  two  feet   hi;:li,  lyiuj;  near  the  -niilli 
point  of  the   liimr  K'lef.     It  is  on  the  line  of  the   Noithwest   and  Southwest   Seal    Kocks,  \\  li.ili' 

K'ock,  and  St;ir  Hock,  and  lies  live  eij;litlis  of  a  mile  north  sixty   liM' de;;iees  west  (N'.<i.">     U.    Ii 

the  laltir.  There  is  deep  water  close  around  it  —  ten  falhoms  on  the  mirth  and  sexeiilnii  In 
twenty  fathoms  on  the  other  sides;  the  liotlom  is  luokeii  shells  and  ;;iay  sand.  It  lies  I'cin  iumI 
seven  ei;,'hths  miles  noitli  ei;.di|y  t w o  debtees  west  (N.  .sj ^  \V.)  from  (!rescent  City  l.i.uhl  Iimu^i, 
the  line  passing' over  the  eastern  part  of  Caslle  l.'ock;  and  (roiii  I'roinontory  IJock  il  lieai-  "li'ii 
seventy  seven  de;,'rees  west  (.S.  77'''  \V.)  distant  two  and  one  eighth  miles. 

/'((////( /•. — .V  sunken  rock,  liare  at  extieme  low  fide,  is  reported  threeci^jhths  of  a  mil ii' 

liy  east  one  third  east  (N.  liy  K.  >^  11.)  from  lliimp  Itock.  The  exact  iiosilion  lias  not  liien  mii'i 
iiiimil,  hut  as  il  is  towards  the  niiihlle  of  the  Inner  Iteef  no  vessel  will  lie  there  except  iii  -mii' 
;;reat  eiMeit,'iiicy.     There  is  a  depth  of  ei;;lileeii  falhoms  all  around  this  assi;jiied  ]iositioii. 

]\'liale  llixl. — This  is  the  middle  one  of  the  line  «if  visible  rocks  from   tlm  Northwc-'  Si:il 


I'ock   to  Star  l.'ock.     It  is  the  extrei 


lie  Western   ro 


if  the   Inner  IJeef,  and  tlierefoi 


e  IS 


llii' 


eastern  side  of  the  l)raf,'on  Channel.     The  rock  is  alioiit   lil'ty  yards  in  extent  and  ei;;hi'  -     t''' 
high,  the  l.'ighest  jiait  heing  towiird.s  th«  sonlheast.    The  tlejith  of  watur  uround  it  is  tea  l.i     iins 


i^ 


TACII  If    CIIASI'    I'll.ur. 


3-)5 


iiiiir.i  I. nil' 

Ivi'  i,\t  Ihiiiis 

licH     ll    ill     .1 

II     l|l'|llll     III 

I     till-     ll'lllll, 

il\  in  ;i  Ml) 
line  ili't;i('c» 
•l;;lit.V>>iM'li 
i>  Mtiilli'.v.inl 
DcK  it  ll'  ll'- 
I  livr  I'l  nil 
M-  Id  IIiiiI\ 
Mitel'    III    till' 

Irilliee  ll    'Ic 
s  iml'lli  MM 


lllller      Url'l, 

ll  tlie  |)|.l(;iill 
'll  |i\r,iiiiiil.il 
until,  ll  Ins 
I'liiir  ami  mn'' 
iinse.    <',i>tlr 

CoMll  till-  1. 1^1 

ll'  its (li«:.iiiii' 
y  llticli  lull" 
r.lDWli  leirl-:, 
lilt  line  .1  III  <l 


Mllll     III    ll  IM 

is  laiil  'lii\»ii 


\(  ll  ,i|iiiiir('iitl,v  IV  li'ilgt^  of  tilt'  Haiiif  ili'iiili,  III  ll  liltln  iimre,  running  neross  the  cliaiiiiel  to  tlie 
>,.  'Inve't  tieal  l!(ielv.  Ilieie  is  deeii  ualel' — eleven  to  IweJM'  ratlHiins — lietweeii  this  rock  and 
1:  |;ii('k,  liiilf  a  mile  to  tho  iiorlheastwartl,  ami  rioni  ten  to  tweiits  I'athotns  helweeii  litis  rock 
,ih      lliiiii|i  Uoek,  to  the  Noiilheiistwiiril. 

Whale  IJoek  lies  three  miles  hoiitli  slxt.v-foiir  de^n't's  east  (S.  Ol"  I',.]  iVom  tho  Nortliwest  Sciil 
lliii  !,,  or  Saiiif  (iiMtrye's  l.'eel'  IJ^Iil  house;  one  aii<l  seven  i  i;;hths  iniles  soiitli  seventy  ileftrees 
(ii^i  iS,  7tl  '  I'".)  from  Southwest  Seal  Koek ;  one  ami  llveeij;lillis  miles  north  sixty-eif;ht  (le;;rees 
\M'-.|  iN.  <W^  \V.)  I'loiii  Still'  IJoek;  three  miles  west  (W.)  i'l'oiii  rniiiiniitoiy  lioel, ;  ami  live  ami 
M  >  1 II  eighths  miles  iiurtli  seventy ■ei;,'lit  (le;:iees  west  (N.  7s     \\  .)  I'linii  Creseeiil  City   l,i;;lit-hoiise. 

I'loiii  this  roek  the  dangerous  .loiiathaii  Koek  lies  one  ami  one'(|iiartei'  iiiile.'t  south  iil'ty-live 
i|i';;iii'S  west  (S.  05  '  \\'.).  When  a  vessel  to  the  southwest  ward  liiis  Whale  Koek,  Flat  Koek,  and 
l.iiii::  Koek  ill  line,  ami  at  the  same  time  lliiiii|i  Koek  is  mi  with  rioniontory  Koek,  shu  is  only  a 
,|ii,ii  III' ol' a  iniltM'ast  southeast  (I'^Sl''..)  ol'  llie.  .lonathiiii  Koek. 

I  lie  iiorthwi'st  lino  of  the  Inner  Keef  Hlretelu'S  from  Whale  Hock  oiii'  and  oiie(|narter  miles 
iiniili  twi'iitysix  decrees  tasl  (N.  L'fi  E.)  to  the  hiw,  daii;;eious  reef  of  Masl  Koek,  passing  over 
.Mii--i'l  li'oek  with  its  solitary  lireaker  Iwn  Inimlied  yards  In  the  iiiiith, 

\liisstl  li'ork. — This  is  a  sli.'jhtly  pyiiimidal  roek  as  seen  I'roiii  the  snnthwest.  It  is  on  the  north- 
«i";|  side  of  the  inner  Keel',  nearly  halfway  helwi-eii  Whale  Koek  and  Kiist  Koek.  It  rises 
«i'u  nieeii  feet  above  the  sea  and  has  deep  water  elose  arinind  it.  A  depth  of  thirteen  fathoms  is 
.'iMii  eliisc  under  its  south  side,  with  irre;;nliir  lioltom  tarlliei' to  the  southeast.  Two  hundred 
^.llli^  iiiiilli  liy  west  {N.  liy  W.)  from  this  roek  is  a  tuilitarij  brink,  with  twelve  fathoms  of  water 
li'»  III, III  two  hundred  yards  farther  to  the  northwest. 

Mussel  Koek  lies  nearly  three  ami  li\  e  ei;jh!lis  inilessonlh  seventy  six  de;:rees  east  (S.  TIP  I'].) 
[iHiii  Northwest  Seal  Koek  (Saint  (ieori^c's  Keef  J,i},'ht  house)  on  the  line  In  I'roinonloiy  li'oek  and 
1   three-iiiiarters  miles  from  the  latter.     It  is  three  ipiaiteis  of  a  mile  muili   twenty-four 


lUll     1 1 11 


ili'-iii's  east  (N.  L'l    !•;.)  from  Whale  Koek. 

/•'i(.s7  /I'oiA'and  livf. — This  is  the  norihein  point  of  the  Inner  Ktei'.  It  is  a  very  small,  low, 
mil  liliick  roek  suiroimded  I>y  lireakers  nearly  two  hundinl  yards  in  extent.  It  is  the  mutliwest 
liiiiit  of  thoeiitianee  to  the  Saint  (leiune's  ("lianml,  and  il  is  inarked  liy  a  eoiistant  breaker,  it 
lii'S  luo  and  live-ei^rhths  miles  north  sixty-six  «lenrees  west  (N.  (!i»  W.ifrom  I'roinontory  Koek, 
.mil  lliree  and  three-qnarters  miles  south  ei;,'lity  t wo  de;;i'ees  east  (S.  Sl'  I'^.i  fioin  Northwest  Seal 
i;iirl.  (Saint  (leoipi's  Keef  l,i};lit  house).  The  depth  of  water  arnund  the  roek  is  ten  f.itlioms  at 
Irtii  liiimlredand  lifty  to  three  hundred  yards,  with  roeky  bottom. 

It  is  in  line  with  Mussel  l{oeU  and  Wliiile  Koek  to  the  southwest;  and  with  Loii^'  Koek, 
SiiiiKi  II  KiH'k,  and  Star  Koek  to  the  south-southeast.  Mussel  Koek  is  half  a  mile  distant  and 
l.uiiu  b'lM'k  less  than  half  il  mile. 

Liiiiij  Uiiil. — This  IS  really  twd  rocks  elose  tojjether  and  eoxeriii;:  an  area  one  hiimlred  yards 
III  iliiiiiietei,  with  breakers  on  the  .southeast  and  west  sides.  Tlie\  show  llattopped  and  rise  only 
lliiili  I'll  leet  above  the  sea.  There  is  foul  t;roiiml  to  the  east  nortlieiist.  where  a  deptli  of  four 
liilliiiiiis  is  found  two  hundred  yards  distant,  ami  ay:ain  at  four  lniinlicd  yards  liom  the  roek  on 
ilic  >.iiiii'  lieaiiii};. 


:ii.' 


roek 


s  one  of  those  formini;  the  western  side  of  the  Saint  (leor^'e  s  ('haniiel 


and  lies  less 


I  111  iKilf  a  mile  south  twenty  li\e  de^^iees  east  (S.  L'.'i     V..)  Iiniii  \v<\ 


Kasi  K 


ilid  Keel. 


A  ^uiil.fii  (•()(•/,•,  breakiiiu'  oiil\    at 


ater.  lies  tlin'e  liiiiiilied   ami  litly   yards   In  the  north- 


iiiiilliHi'si  of  I,oiij^  KiK'k,  iiearh'  on  tlie  line  to  l''asl  K 


Tliere  is  deep  water  aioillii'  this  break. 


\iiiillier  siiiiheii  nxk  is  laid  dow  n  four  hundred  yards  sonlheast  \>\  v:i>\  (SK.  l>y  K.)  from  Loiij; 
kill  Is.    'l'liei'(^  is  also  deep  water  uroiiiid  this  diin};er. 

l-'iiil  /I'oc/,.— This  roek  is  inside  the  limits  of  the  liiuer  Keef.  ll  lies  nearly  midway  between 
fiiiiu  l.'ock  and  Whale  l.'ock.  and  live  ei^hllis  of  a  mile  north  forty-live  dej^iees  east  (N.-trPK.) 
lii'iii  ilii'  latter.      It  is  ten  feel  lii;;li,  and  there  is  deep  water  around  it. 

.\  sidiLfii  rmk,  visible  at  extreme  low  tide.s,  lies  on  the  line  pa.ssiii-  llirnii;;li  i';asi  Kni'k,  Lonj; 
liiii  i  ,.;iiid  Star  lioek,  and  midway  between  the  extremes,  ll  is  wiiliiu  the  eastern  liiiit  of  the 
i 1  b'i'i'f.     There  is  deep  water  over  roeky  bnttom  elose  arounil   il.     from  Whale  l!i  ek  it  bear.- 

IIIUlll 


•nty  seven   dejrrees  east    (X.  77^  \'..)  a  little  over  a  mile  distant  ;  and  Iroiii  Star  K 


iiiiiili  tueiitysix  dei;rees  west  (N.  LMi  '  W .)  one  mile  distant. 

\  Hill  her  ,shh/,('/i  (■(>('/,  IS  reported  in  the  reef  a  ipiiiiler  of  a  mile  I'loiii  the  last  meiitio  led  sunken 
nil  k.     This  rock  is  said  to  bo  visibh^  in  the  lioUow  of  the  large  swells.     The  eliart  gives  a  depth 


M 


!  ifi 


f'lii 


/^>''' 

■^j": 


I'At'inc  (<>.\>r  I'li.ttr. 


I  11 


i  ! 


'!•' 


Mi 


m 


M,  'iii^ 


Hi 


it  nixtt'cii  tatliimis  within  K'ss  tliaii  lilrv  \,iii 


<\      till'   1I>SI 


i;iu'(l  iiositioii,  wliicli  is  llircc  (|iiail< 


I -.III' 


ii  mill'  iiortli  seventy  nine  (li'j;ii'is  casl  (N.TII'  I'..)  1111111  Wliale  iJock,  and  li\  c  ci^hllis  ni' 
north  st'V<Mit(-i'ii  (l<';4it'('.s  west  (N.  17^  \V.)  lYuni   lliiiii|)  I;im'I<,  or  ncail.v  one  i|ii,iitir  of  a  n 


ic  licaiinj^  I'artln'i'  I'loin  tlic  hiller  locu  tlian  llic  iciioitt'd  sunken  rock  desciihiil 


the  san 


iieaii  of  I  iniiip  l!i 


nnil>  I  11 


|>  i:oel 


A  sinihiu  ;()(7,',  haxiii;;  only  live  feet  of  water  niioii  it,  is  ie|i(iil((l  in  the  lonl  j;roiniil  ,mi  ilir 
western  .side  oi'  the  Sai  '  t  ieor;4e'.s  i'liannel  at  its  niirrowe.-:  (larl,  innnedialely  alueasi  ol'  |:m,ai' 
Hoc);,  \\  tiii'li  is  oil  tlie  easU'rn  sidi'  ol'  the  eiianiiel.  'I'jje  jireliininarv  exaniiMal  mn  of  the  in  1  !i,ul 
sliown   an  extent   ot'  oneqnaiti'r  of  a   ni'ie,  ha\in^    luni|is   in    it  u  tli   h's.s  than  six  and  e\  ci;  !'\i> 


I'ailioins  ol' wati'r.      This   live  feet    roeli 


reoniled    in    tins    !i 


iKfii    jironni 


1.     IM 


ii's  one  ;iiii|  Ii 


■ii'liths  miles  \ve>t  .  W'.l  of  1' 


lilt  ii\    1; 


I'oiiii    Siiiiil  (ii'nr;;e,  and  nearl\'  smncii 


a  mile  iiotUi  bv  ea; 


•t  (N.  i)V  I"..)  from  Star  lloek.     It 


i''s  one  ami  one  ei 


ililli  inileH  soiit 


1  six:  I.  HUM 


de^'rees  west  (S.  (ill  '  \V,i  fi<iiip  Hiouii  l;oel,.  tliiis   naiiouin;;-  ihi'   Saint   <;eor;;e's  {'liaiiiie!   |u  |i>s 
than  that  distaiiee.     'I'lie  reef  witii  slmal  w  aler   is  said  to  lie  oiu>  hundred   and   lifty_\ards  luui;; 


th 


■re  aie  IiiiiiU, 


llll 

direct  ion  iif  lliMv.  n 


\\illi   less   than  six   fatlioms  l.vin^^two  hnmired  and  lifly  ,\  ards  I'roni  i 
loiek. 


I  111  till' 


'I'ho  foiei;oiii-  details  deseiihe   all   tlif   known  visible  loeks   and   all  llie  k 


now  n  and  re|i<iitc(| 


<)afj;ers  in  apiiroaehin;,'  Creseeiil  Cil  \  I!ay  and  Saint  (leoi;;e's  Reef,  u  ith  the  ehanni-ls  t 'n.pii^l) 
tiuisaine.  It  wonid  lie  a  ^'liMl  lic'lp  to  iIh-  loeal  Irallie  ill  tliis  sce|  imp.  ;ind  a!--o  to  sicani  >lii|iv 
tradin<j  to  northern  jiorts,  to  lia\e  a  sinaii  nij;  whistle  at  the  ('icseent  City  Li;;hl  hoii>.i  .  01  ,iii 
anToiiialie  w  histliiiL;  i'uoy  jilaeed  abreast  and  to  the  westward  of  Chase's  Led^c,  as  an  aid  to  liml 
I  lie  anihoia^:e  ;  ami  to  have  a  Imox  pland  on  the  v\  estei  n  side  of  the  Saint  <;eor};(-'s  Chan  ml  ihmt 
the  last  ilesei  ibid  re[iiirted  sunken  fork  !\  in^' one  and  one  ei^hl  li  miles  soiilli  west  by  \Msl,  iM- u  i,v, 


iViiiii  Ilr-iwii  I; 


H'k,  on    the  casii-in 


if  th(>  same  eliannel.     The  l.i"iil  lioiisi-  now  in  emii-rol 


instrnetion  on  the  Northwest  Seal  Jtoek  will  he  furnished  vitliaKteam  toy;  si;;nal,  and  wi!l,\\| 


It'll 


eomnleli'd,  lie  all  that   eon  Id  be  desired  to  warn   na\  i'Moils  of  the  dan;:erons   loealit  v  .n  the  oati  i' 


reel';  but  thea  ds   To  safe   tia\i''alion  aimxe  ncnmmeialed  are  needed 


now  .  ami  \\  ill  bi'  ii'  ■  '!i'i 


e\eli  when  this  l.i;:hl -iioiise  is  eoinpleted,  ouiiii;  to  its  ^reat.  distance  frulii  tl 
filed. 

t^AiM'  {iK<iiji;i;"s  i;i;r.F  i.iiiiiT  iiiiisi;. 


lilv  t. 


'•"h"  I.i-ht  to  be  jilaccd  on  the  Norths  est  Seal  l.'oelx.  the  oiitei  most  lock  of  Saint  (reo|-;;c's  Itii  i 
i:-!  b)  lie  named  ihe  Saiiil  (Icoi  L'e"s  ileef  1,1^:11 1  hi  a  i>e.  it  will  be  ii  |  iron  a  IT  sea  coast  la;:lil  el  ilii- 
liist  orderol'  tliesvsiemof  I'ic>iiel,  and  willslnnv   from  sunset  to  s\\\\i\tn'.  iillcrnnti'  rfl  mi'l  iihih 

till 


iiiiuc  nil 


Jhixht's  lit  i)itrrr(ti's  i>f  Jifti  1  n  si  co/i./s.     'I'he  focal  |ilane  w  ill  be  one  li  mid  red  and  lil'ty  feet 

mean  lev  el  of  the  sea.  ami  tlie  lajlit  w  11!  illniiiinaie  tlie  entire  lioii/on  :  it  should  Ixr  seen,  in  fivnr 


altlo  t'oiiditions  of  wcaiher  from  a  In  k.hi  ol- 


I,"i  ti-i'i  .-o  a  ilishoii  <■  la'  I-.. 


ilr 


I'itI  at  .■!  iliNlaiii  I-  of  la,-  null' 


III  I.M-i  r.i  :i  ili^laii- 
i.ii  llll  111  .-i  ili>l;iii 


if  -M. 


ill' 


.(■  ■.'■.'  'I  mill' 


The  ,i.'eo-n 


jiiiieal  jiosil  ion  of  the  rock  njion  wlin 


l.iirhl  house  is  beiii"' creeled. 


mined  b\  tlie 


oasl  and  ( icnilil  le  Sllivev,  is 


l..iuiii(ic  . 
I.iiiiKiiiiili' 
()i,  111  tin' 


I J I 


I  •    .'•  mil  111. 

II  Wisl. 


1; "  ;;ii'  ;t. 


In  ,1ani!:!r\ .  l''<^."',  the  ma'-nctie  .  i.rialinn  wis  Ii'    HU'  east,  and  il  increases  I'.'J  \carl\ . 


1' 


Noll  h  V    s|  ,^cal 


j; 


OCK,    o 


r  the  Sailii    (  ieiil;:i''>   ii'ecf    I  a;;ll  I ,  w  e  ha  >  c  I  he  fiijliiw  :l, .    In. 11 


in,i;saii;i  distances  to  im|i()rtaiit  |io  ni,- 


Wlii.Hlliiiu  I! 


1.1,      Mil     I     ill 


Cioii'  M.iiilii 


(11 


.Mi'lliliirlliu  l.lLrill'Ill 


W  iii-.lli..^  liuoy  •iiniiiiiiliiililt  l!ai 
'rniinlaii  lliiil   I.l''li!-liiiiiw' 


S.  1.  \: 

s  I-  1; 

S.  M  I. 

s.  :!',  V. 


KiiMiii-  i;..rK -  . 

Cnsci','!  <'ity  l,|i.;lilliiiiisr  .  .. 
Siiiilliwi'Mt  Slid  K'nik,  Saail  <i 
(lirlkii  A'li  liiiiat'i' . 


l.'.il' 


(';i|ii- Si-liantliiii 

'illir,  Oifiiril  I.iixlil  li.iii-i' 

r.  V  liiiil  ,  iiiiliiMM'sl  11.1  K  III  llll'  ilifiiiil  Kill" 


N..iili 
S.  I.-.    W. 


N.aii    \V. 


-;  mill' 

-:i  null 

l.\,  hlllr 

l-i  mill' 

:t|  mill- 


I J  mi  ll- 
ll inli. 
Ill  in::i 
llll)  null- 


:H 


i'* 


j!atKmB!mUfSTr:^^smwaamm   ijiMiicf»uiiia<wi>iaii>UMiiiMiiniro«»ti»ii.»»»».i».i 


PACII'K     CiiAsr    I'll.OT. 


.'557 


.\j  iwt'iifN  live  iiiilfs  tlio  cdn.-sc  lu  I"(i\  Ii'ock  pusses  only  twi)  iiiiil  a  lialf  miles  oittsiilu  Mack's 
.\l,ii;  :iliil  llie  ('i)liise  to  Caiie  Ollnril  iiiulil  Jiasses  tln'oii^li  lIojiMe  l;i\er  K'eel'. 

'J  he  lMn(\l'iiU  Jdf  I'tiiiit  ,'<(iiiil  (lid);/,. — Wlieii  a  vessel  is  ill  the  lain  ikIc  <)t  I'oiiil  Saint  (Icorfi'e 
iliiiv  ;iiii)ea''H  ■'  lai^jc  ana  oi'  iiiixieiaiely  low  jaml  Iteliiml  that  imiiit,  anil  also  lor  some  distaiieu  to 
;he  iiniih\\..i'il  anil  soul h waul.  I''ai'lher  iiihiiiil  lise  the  rniinilin^'  anil  ^eiiei  ally  womleil  iiioiiiitaiiis 
I'lihiiiiiiilinu' ill  ('(ipjiir  ,l/ll»»^l/H,  twenty  four  lnniilieil  ami  titty  I'eet.  nml  .1/'V,'/V7i.  t  weiityse\-eii 
liiih'lM'l  ami  lil'ty  I'eet  aliove  the  sea.     Kiit   aliove  these,  ami   lai'tliei'  inland,  a  ^ical  roeliy   raiij;e, 

,,1  iiiitaiiis  comes  Ironi  the  northeast  ami  ciilmiiiates  about    twenty  live  miles  east  of  Crescent 

(  i;  ..  i'liis  is  the  Siskiyou  i',iii;;e,  and  the  highest  rocky  siiinniil  thefeof  is  I'l-eslmi  I'l'dk,  n-M'hlUi^ 
M'M  II  tlioiisaiiil  and  t  w  imiIn  ei;;lit  leet  cleval ion  and  lyiiif,'  t  uciil.x  eiulit  ami  a  half  miles  north 
,,i\i\  I  \M)  de;;rees  east  ( V.  (I'J  I'.Hroiii  I'oint  Saint  (ie(ii';,'e.  It  is  visible  at  a  distaiicii  of  over 
mill  i\  iiiilis.  It  is  ill  iatiliiije  II  .M'  north,  lonj;iludi'  IL'.'S '  :J7.]'  west.  Ijulit  miles  to  tlio  north- 
Hii'l  of  this  peak  is  a  secoml  sharp,  I'oeky  siininiit  reai'hin;,'  live  thousand  ei;^lit  hiiiidred  and 
lliiiu  feet,  wliieh  is  named  <i iiiijliiirl.,  :iiid  is  \isiltle  at  a  distance  of  o\er  eighty  miles.  ||  is  in 
Lrilihle  II  '  oS'  north,  liiii:;iliide  VS.,  uL'J,'  west.  These  nioiiiilaiiis  are  known  to  I'acilii;  coast 
li,i\  i.;:ilia's  as  the  Cirxciiit  ('ill/  J'inL.s. 

AiKilher  lamlfall,  Mi  nut  /'odC///),  four  tlioiisiiml  ami  si  vt\  live  feel  ele\ation  aici  iiist  inside  the 
nieiilh  dl'  the  Klamath  l!i\er,  has  alleady  bee  n    le^riibed. 

\lfiiiit  Sliii.\t(i. —  111  .liiiv,  ISSi'i,  in  eoiiiiii;,'  li.iAii  the  eoa--l.  w  hell  alioiii  lalilinle  II  .".!•'.  and 
luciity  t«o  niil.'S  sou  til  west  tiiiee  ■piarleis  west  (.S'A'.  ,'  \\'.i  I'loni  I'oint  Saint  ( ieor^e.  weeaiij^iit  two 
siiei ;  j;liiiipses  ot'  Mount  Siiasta  ihionudi  t  wo  low,  conl  ij:uoiis  j;aps  in  the  coast  ian;;e.  We  Judged 
\u-  \Mie  lookiiiiT  lip  the  valley  of  the  Klamath  liiver,  w  lieii'  it  liieaks  through  to  tlie  sea,  and  wc 
s,m  till'  iiioiiiilain  t  w  ice  w  liile  I  he  \  essel  iiio\  ed  about  lour  miles.  'I'lie  bearing;  w  as  east  by  north 
I!.  |i>  N.),  but  tlieie  may  lia\c  bciii  some  loei.l  dexiatiini  of  liic  ship's  compass.  It  is  possib](> 
iliai  ilie  mountain  may  be  seen  from  other  points  to  the  northwaicl  of  that  beaiiii;;-,  but  not  to  the 
sniilliw  ,nd.  It  can  be  seen  from  a  \  es>el  onl\  w  hen  it  is  on  the  direct  course  between  (ape  Orford 
iiinl  I'apc  Mcndoeliio  and  Irom  six  to  ten  miles  off  tiiose  capes.  Ilie  limit  of  visibility  of  .Mount 
Sli.i-.ia  falls  aboiii  ten  miles  outside  o!"  this  course  when  in  the  lalilmleol"  roint  Saint  Cicoritc 
M  iiMii  .Simula  lii'S  iiiiietv  two  miles  nori  h  el-lii\  two  decrees  east  |N,  .SU  ^  1'..)  from  I'oint  Saint 
(i.  ■•!  .1  ,  It  1  iscs  to  foil rl cell  thousand  four  liiindlei!  and  IoiIn  feet  alio\  i-  the  sea.  and  is  \  isibh;  at  a 
iIi^i.iiMc  of  one  hnmlred  and  thirt.\  ci^iiit  miles.  I'  is  in  lalilinle  II  Jl'  L'ti"  north,  loiif^itude  Il.'ll'-' 
11    l>     west,     li  is  the  lil;:liest  inountaiii  in  C.iliforni.i. 

It  has  been  reported  I  hat  n\  cry  d islam  miou  peak  has  1  ice ii  seen  to  the  southeast w  aid  tliriili;,di 
liicik^  III  the  nioiinlains  bet  wceii  Koos  r.a.\  ami  the  I '  mpipi.ih.  If  this  is  the  case  ,i  maybe 
|iu>>!lile  thai  Mount  Mcliaiiuhlin  i  Mount  I'ill  i  has  been  seen.  Mount  Shasta,  from  that  latitude, 
iMMlld  be  far  below  the  liol  l/.on.  e\  cii  if  t  here  Were  no  ilitelA  eiillii:  ele\  at  Ions  to  hide  it.  Oil  the 
rni  III  general  coast  charts  of  the  I'acllic  coast,  issued  b\  the  I  .  S.  ('nasi  and  (iemlelic  .'survey, 
:il!  ilicM'  ^Tcat  jicaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  ami  liie  Cascade  li'anuc  lia\'e  been  iiil  roibicrd  with 
llii'ir  lieij;llts. 

Miuimtii-  \'iu-i<itiiiii. — 'Ilie  line  of  ina>{neti(t  variation  of  ninetecii  deurecs  east  jiassed  thiiiiijrh 
siiiil  (;e(ir;:e"s  li'eel' ill  ilaiiiiais.  1  SS.'i,  niid  w  here  il  reached  t  he  coastiliie.  In  latilmie  II  ."i.!'.  about 
-;\  iiiiles  norili  ot'  I'niiii  .SmIiiI  (leoi^e,  ii  \\as  deilccicd  well  lo  t  he  iioi  I  hw  aid,  bein^  appaiciit  ly 
,illii|ri|  by  the  mass  ol  the  Siski_\oii    l;aii;;e. 


I. 


A 


I 


<i 


m 


V^ 


( 


'ii! 


Ir.iil 


l'i;i,ICAN    HAY 

Till  Ciiii.it  imrlli  lit'  I'niiit  Siiiiit  tidin/i . —  {''or  thirleeii  miles  noil  liw  aid  of  I'oint  .Saint  (ieorue,  to 
ilii'  liiiiiiida:  >  line  of  C.il  ill  Mil  I.I  and  ( )ic^oii.  ^llc  1 1  cm  I  of  I  he  coast  line  is  nm  I  li  by  wc>>,  and  I  hen  it 
-»iii;;siiiil  to  the  West  liolthwcst  for  ci;;lil  and  tvuilllilds  miles  to  Cape  i'.'llclo,  passlii;;  the 
iiii'Mihs  of  .Smith's  I'iver,  the  Wiiichnk.  and  ilie  Clietko.  Cape  I'eiielo.  at  the  end  of  this  broken 
'■  .  IniiMsthe  liist  |iroiiiliieiil  hcaill.iiid  inilhucsl  ol  I'oini  .S.inii  t  o'iulic,  and  ll  is  iiiiielceii  and 
"111  iliiid  miles  lioith  thlilN  two  dc-ices  West  ^^.  .'.J  W.)  thcielrom.  This  lar.i.;e  bi-hl,  em 
iir;iiiii;;  the  waters  between  roint  !>aint  Ci  ori;c,  the  Niirlhwe.st  Seal  b'oek,  and  Cape  l-'errclo.  Is 
r'licaii  lla\  :   it  is  partly  In  Caiiloi  ni.i  ;im|  pai  ll\   in  » >re^on. 

I'loiii  Ilie   NorlhwesI    Seal    Itock   Ciipc  I'ciielo  Icaisnollli  fourteen  dcLilces  west  (N.  II'  W.) 
'!i  '.1111  sisieeii  miles;   this  nive.s  a  total  breadth  of  se\cii  and  a  half  miles  to  the  I'.a.s,  abreast  of 


:i"i 


m 


* 


M.iiir.,  i; 


I'ACIIIC    CdAST    ril.OT. 


Tf 


mm' 


'!?i 


:-l!l 


Tlic  (li  ptli  ofwalrr  dn  llit>  line  IVoiii  Nuitliwcst  iSt-.il  Uock  to  ("aiic  I'diclo  is  :iImiiiI  llmi ,  in, 
t';llliii|iis  (i\  rr  I'll,!'  j;r,iy  s.iml  ;inil  l>liU' liiilil.  Tlic  s()iiii(lili;,'s  iiicrcasc  (|iiili' j;i;i(lii;ill.\  I'miiii  I:,,i|\ 
lallioiiis  iirar  the  rmk  tor  live  or  six  inilcs,  aii<l  then  dt'cri'asi*  rcyiilarlv  In  i  wcnt.N  ratli<iiii-(i;ii 
mile  I'liiMi  ('a|ic  I'crrclo.  Inside  ot'tliirlv  I'al  IniMis  ilir  lioltiitii  is  line,  dark  j;ia.v  saiul  :  alLiJi.iiii 
dej-'lis  llie  sand  is  mixed  with  iilne  unul. 


In  till'  deeiiest  part  i>l'  the  l>iL,dit  tlieic  is  a  depi  li  of  eit;lil   I'atliiinrs  at  one  mile  IVomi  I 


lie  !.r.i,.li 


near   Siniiii's    K'uer;  'ueJM'   t'atliniMs   at    two    niiUs;  ei;:lileen    t'allioins  at    tliree  miles;  t\',eiii\ 
I'atlioi.is  at    tonr  miles  ;   i  w  enty  I'oiir  t'atlioms  at  li\e  miles;  and  I  wiail  v  nim' ralliiiins  at    six    iii;li>, 

ilK 


'I'liere  are  no  Uleal    Imdies  ol'  kel|i  aloiii;  1  lie  slioli 


lull   several  siiuill  palelies  exrst.  |ini 


(ilV  the  Wiiiehuk  Itiver  and  tlieliee  to>vards  ( 'hetko  Aneliora;;e. 

There  is  alwavs  a  laru'e  swell  rolling' on  the  sand   beach  north  of  I'oint  S:'iiil  (leor; 
•swell  is  iisnalls  ((iiilo  lai^e  as  tar  in  .is  ihe  <  heiko. 

The  northwest    wimls   Mow    iliieeilv   o\ei'   this   hay   and  into  ihe  broad, 


low     \.ille\   liii.iiijl, 


I  hieli  Siiiitli's  Kiver  eonies.  lull  a  .sailinu  \  fssel  e.in  \ei\    readily   work   to  windwaid    in   tin 
'I'liere  are  im  daii^rt'is  exeeiit  those  tiarlicai  hilly  ineiitioiied  in  the  deseri|it  ions  ot'Siiiitli\  1; 


W 


lliennl 


i;i\  er,  and    <  hetko  A  iiihor. 


I     is  Ol 


il\   aliie.ist  liie  reeedinj;' shore  at   the  Wim  liiik 


lliatan>  daii^rt'is  extend  inoii'than  a  in 
local  loll. 


lid    these   are  di'seiihed   nn<tei    tin 


II     |.ln|,rl 


Pelican  \'',\\   was  named  bv  l.a  I'eionse  in  1  7^7  ;  and  .a  1  7!'L'  \'aiicon\ ci  named  it  .Saint  '  i 


T 


If  inesenl   II 


aiiic  wa.>  a|iplied  to  it  in  the  Coast  Survey  reconiiaissanee  of  Is.'iO. 


I'lii    sliori-liiir   Hill  third  I  li  nl'  I'nint   Siiiiit  (imiiic   is   a   hai}^  slrai;;ht    line   ol'  sand   ilii 
broad   sand  beach  for  ten   miles  to   P\rainid    I'oint,  foniiin;;  the  luathern    head  of  ihe   n 


lOllI  .1    ill 


Smith's  l!i\er.      At  !  w  o  and  tliree-(|iiar!ers   miles  tlie  .south  part  «\'  Lake  Talaw  a  is  iea(  In.! ;  he 


Ihe  lal 


lireaks  iliron;^li  till-  s.iiid  bi'acli   diiriiiL;' the   w  inter  freshets.     Hehiiid  this   lake,  and 


neele<l  with  it.  Is  Lake  I'.ai  I,  a  lar;,'e   bixly  of  w  aler  s<  M'i'al   miles  in  extent.     The  sand  diim  s    III 
from  half  a  mile  wide  down  totwo  hiindiiMl  yards,  ami  llii'V  r,iii''eas  liii^h  asei;;lii\  feel.     L.hinl 


th 


•III  I  he  pine  toresis  are  very 


thick 


sh  and  low  L'lonnd  surround  both  ol' I  he  lakes.     Tl 


Tala\v.i  L.iki' there  is  a  narrow,  crooked  ehaiiiiel  carrxin;;'  six   to  ten   feet   of  water  low.iids  tlu' 


kinter  (ipeiiin'_^     'I'lie  strip  of 


bet 


Weell    the    oeeai 


1    and    L.iUe    T.ilawa    a\era 


hundred  yards  in  wnltli  tor  ncarl.x  two  miles,  and  in  two  or  thri'c  places  reatdies  twetitv  hi 

h'rolil   the    l,ll>e  to  Smith's   L'iver    iheslmle    |iresellts  I  he  same  dl  earv    appe.ir.ince,  relie\eil 

fore.sts  inside. 

)V/»i7/('.v  Itirry. —  l-'rnm   the  N'orthui  si  .SimI  Koek  to  ihe   noiih    point  of  Smilh's  Lneie 
the  beariii;:  is  north  tliill>  demei  s  east 
iliiarter  iiiih's  noiih   seven   dmiees  wi 


N.  .<(!     I'.,   and  the  distance  ten  miles.      It  is  li  n  and 


^t  iN.  7     \\  .  I  lioiii    I'oint  Saint  (  ooiiie,  f 


us    line  iiiiitiiiij; 


parallel  wiih  the  IhmcIi  an 


lere  "'\  el    a  mile  llieieflulii.       .\    Hallow  .  hev    sand  .-.pit,  o\e!   .1  mill 


ill  leii;:lh,  forms  the  south  Jim  111  of  Sniiili"s  liivci ,  with   low  lands  bcMuid  I  he  ri\  la  .      ,M   I  1m-  laiif 
of  the  lirst  sni  \  ey  the  math  |iiiiiit  was  also  low  and  sandy  .tnd  onei|iiarter  of  a  mile  lnii;:.     W  hM' 
it  Joined  the  fast    land  to  the    lioi  ih  th'-lc  are  rock\  cliiVs,  w  i!h  a    hi^h    ]i.\iainidal    hill   jii^I 
and  a  lii;;li  inid^y  islet  oiii^nle.     Siibvei|neiii  ly  the  river  (ipeiieil  a  ehaimel  close  under  the  in  ■ 


ml   IS  low 


\ir   for  a  third  of  a  mile,  and 


^;elitly    lisii 
to  tell  hundred  and   foi  i\    li'ct  ai 


elilf.      I'lehilid  the  mutli  point  the  la 

rises  r.ipidly,  with  an  open,  urassv, 

»'i;;htli   'lilies   from   the  shore.     This  j:iassy  .slope  rises  to  a   rid;^e,  and  on   the  iioilli  sidi- ei 

iidj;c 


but 


)nthei  n  shipi 


llie  ver\    d 


i-nse  pill 


e  forests  w  Inch  come  dow  II  to  w  ilhiii  oiiethinl  ol   a  iiiile  of  tie  clinii-. 


The  iiioiilli  of  Smith's  Liver  was  two  hundred  and  t 


vv.nlv  !i\ 


e  \ards  w  ide  at  the  I  urn   w'  tin 


il 


d  It 


on;;iiial  snrvi'X   i  l.srj  i,  ami  it  wasneaiiv  t  vv  ice  as  wiile  inside,  w  il  h  sev.rai    brai 


braneir 


W  i 


li.vdii'.-iaphie  sni  vev  was  in.ide  in  1^7  I.  the  inoiitli  was  close  under  the  t.isl  land  and  h.id  n 
of  water  in  il.  with  deeiier  w.iter  in  the  cli.innel  W^y  half  .i  mile  up  when  the  chaiiiiel  w.i- 
out  into  a  broad,  sho.il  stream. 

'J'iie  iiollli  point  IS  maiked  bv  ,|  lii^li  lockv  islet,  lonr  liniidled  vaids  lli  extelil  .Hid  •• 
died  and  ei;;hty  sev  en  feel  above  the  Water,  l.v  iiij;  about  two  hnnd.ed  and  lilt.v  .vardsi- 
shore,  it  has  a  secondary  head  on  tiie  noiihwcst  slope.  Il  is  c, died  I'lmn  l.slnirl.  Tin 
elilV,  forty   fei^i    liiuli.  at   the  moiiih   ol   ihe  livei,  li 


les  east  I  hiee  i|narters  .south  (L.  (  S. - 
ihwesl  jiail  of  I'linee  Lsl.ind.  One  ipl.llter  ol  a  mile  liollh  o 
,  doiibl 


e  lieailnl,  o 


lie  1  iiiidii  u  and  liflv  yards  in 


Is  in  extent  ,11 


nl  on 


half  il  mile,  fiiun  I  he  son 

Islaml  lies  lliililel'-   L'oek, 

and  ei!.dil\  two  feel  hi;.'li.     I''orly  >  aids  inside  tl,,.  |iiiiiit  is  a  rocky  hut  te,  i>  now  ii  as  I'v  i.inni 

nsiii;^  above  the  plain  to  an  elevation  of  two  hundred  and  forty  leet.     ILilf  a  mile  iioi  Ih  • 


I  t-g 


I     i 


IJ  '  ' 


■  i^lMHI  f*T^. 


Xllll     tlllll 

',  w 

Is       I'l ! 

1 ; . 

I,\  lalhoiii- 

i>;i< 

ml  ;   lit  ;;!, 

.III') 

Voiii  llic  !. 

I'  ' 

Illllcs  ;    1 

s  ;il    MX    1 

.. 

|>I.  |iniic 

t'i>rm',  nil' 

v.illcs    llll. 

;i_ 

<l    ill    llh 

Siiiiili\  1; 

, ,  : 

111,'  Wii  . 

l.i; 

r    llll'll     |.; 

i" 

Saint  (i- . 

' 

nd    iliiih  - 

.'■ 

IIh'     Mill.:' 

narlii'.i  . 

'  :. 

l.iNr.  ;ii{ii 

"; 

Mill!  iIiiihn 

*',-.(          1  • 

il' 

,.-.    Till. 

'IL 

V    \i,\\.i< 

avcia    . 

■Ill\    (ci'l    ' 

_! 

.|l,.\r,l      '.> 

*  1  . 

;i\iT  rlKi 

1  l:i  ' 

s  ti  II  aii.l 

III' 

1    line  iiiii 

.11- 

It.  liM'I    ., 

-'• 

At    llh 

.,  ,, 

lull-.       W 

■    :'■ 

ill  Jll-.! 

!■.  and    !  M 

III! 

tint-  .1  ifii 

'Ill- 

h  ,>lilf  t.l 

i  ti   f  1  .   . 

Mil- 

II'  1  nil' 

.s.       W 

;,' 

liai!  Ion: 

:.,: 

v\  uas  -I'l 

■  .hi 

a  hil  " 

nil-  ) 

rACIKlC    COAsr    IMI,()T. 


359 


iiiih  '1110  Imiidn'd  anil  forty  .viinls  in.sliMic  iiisil  at  tlic  point  of  tlit'  low  tiiiilici',  tlit-r*'  is  aiiotlicr 
iiu'  iilc  iat;^'<'<l  liuth'  risint;  frimi  tlic  low  plain  to  oiii'  liiindrcd  ami  ,sc\cnt.v  fi'ct  t'h'vation.  Hinall 
M-;  '!i'  rocks  lio  m-ar  tlio  north  point,  Iml  nont'  t>nt.si'.'i'  of  rrinco  I.slainl,  f\c('i>t  a  doso  cluNtiTof 
ilii  I-  Itiw  nirks  cnihraccd  within  an  area  of  one  hnmlrt'd  yards  and  liaviii;;  seven  feet  of  water  all 
ai.'iiiitl.  This  <'liister  of  roi-ks  lies  exactly  south  (S.)  one  and  oneteiilh  miles  from  rrinee  Islaml, 
aiiti  1^  llii'iefore  nine  tenths  of  a  mile  liroad  olf  the  low  beach  to  tiie  eastward.  Onetliird  of  a 
iii'l.  'ilV  the  lieaeli,  and  almost  two  miles  south  of  tiie  i-ocky  clitl  at  the  month  of  the  river,  there 
1.  ,ii"i-U  nineteen  (eel  I'.liove  the  water  and  twinty  yards  in  extent.  Il  has  three  and  a  ipiarter 
l;iili"iiis  of  water  clo.se  arii>:!iii  it,  Iml  il  shoals  ipiickly  hence  to  the  lieacli. 

( Ml  the  stretch  of  .sand  lieach  tVom  I'oint  Saint  (li-ortje  In  Smith's  lliver  the  soundings  are 
i|in''  ii--jiilar.  The  tliicc  fatliniii  curve  is  nearly  one  tliiid  of  a  mile  I'luiii  the  iieacli  ;  at  one  mile 
ihtii  IS  a  depth  (if  trine  fatlioins  over  line  daikyray  sand;  at  two  iiilcs,  llft(>en  fatlitims  over 
il.ii'  i^iay  sand  and  mcks;  at  lliiee  miles,  iiiiieieeii  ratlnims  iiver  similar  Imttoni  :  at  I'oiii- miles, 
tu':i;>  t  v\()  lalhoms  o\er  lock  and  sand;  and  al  li\i'  miles,  t  wcntysix  fathoms  with  hottoni  of 
lint  .1.1' iv  «ia,s  .>aiid. 


riic  ;j(.o;,'raphical  position  of  the  summit  of  I'tince  Island  is: 

l.iiiiiiitlt' .11 


l.iiii|;iliiili' 


(III'  nt.rtli. 
l-.'l     li!    (i:  '  wi-sl. 


'I'lie  siiininit  of  i'yramid   Untie  is  north  se\eiity-onc  def^rees  east  (N.  7P  K.)  eight  hundred 
il  -ixtvsix  vards  tiniii  Pi  iiice  Island. 


Mill 


Ill's  llivei-  lises  in   the  northwesl   llatik   of  the  Siskivoii   Mountains,  and  althou;{i|  the 


-lit  torks  are  widely  diverneiit.  the  j;em.ral  »;ourse  is  west, 
lie  Smith's  Itiver  of  former  maps  and  de.scriiitions  is  a  myth 


■^t 


pMi 


*'.! 


,1   JK 


■jy   h 


i! 


im 


I  J. 


i '  ^'^^i 

t 

oin^iGox. 


THE  COAST  OF  OREGON. 

Tilt'  ctviiiolouv  of  tilt'  iiaiiic  ()i(';:iiii  li:is  not  ln'cn  i-atist'actorily  cxpliiiiuMl.  It  is  lii<i  iii(;i 
tioiit'd  by.liiiiitiKiii  (  Mivcr  ill  llu'  iiiiii  ;il  i\f  nl'  lii^  li:iiiiiiu  cNiPfditioii  to  tin-  ln'iidwiitcrsor  ihc  Mi^-m- 
.sippi  i;i\  t  r.  lii'iu  mi  .liiiic,  IHIli,  iiiul  October.  17<iS,  llr  diil  nut  pciictriiti'  lic.vi'iid  llif  riiiiri\  liiil 
dcuiiT  ut  \\(>t  liiiit;itiiil(',  ;uid  iiiciitii)ii>  tlii'  iiaiiic  liiit  lliiti'  tiiiH's.  in  llif  lollowinj;  niaiiiii  i  :  I  In 
••  i;i\iT  J)iiunii.  cr  rlif  Iv'ivi'i  (illlic  \Vi  .'■1,  tliat  Talis  into  tin'  I'acilic  <  Jcfan  a  I  I  lie  Si  rails  iil'  Aiiiii.in  :  ' 

tl On-uDM.  (ii  ilic  li'ivcidl   Ilic  Wcsi,"     III' stall's  tliat  ItuliiTt  Wliitwortli.  in  ITTi    di'si.;iiril  Ih 

pa  1  sue  tilt'  saiiif  ritiitf  liavcr^id  liv  liini^flt  "t.ll  liaviiij;  disii)\  cicd  the  soiiici'  i)t'llif(  )iiu;')n.  ui  Him  i 
of  tlic  Ui'st,  on  tlif  oilici  ^idc  of  till'  --iiiiiMiil  (if  till'  lands  that  divide  tlir  watfi's  wliii'h  iiin  i-ii., 
till' Ciulf  III'  M.Aifd  liiiiii  tiioM'  that  fall  iiil.i  tin-  Tafilic  <'rfan,  lit'  wuiild  lia\i' sailfd  dcu  n  -i  • 
ri\i'i  to  till'  place  w  liiTi'  it  is  said  to  t'niply  itself  in  llie  Straits  of  Aniiian."  Tins  is  the  exiriii  r\ 
Ills  inforniatiiui  on  the  sniiiei't.  and  was  ili  liwd  from  Indians  and  tradei>. 

The  I'liaiHlaiA  line  hetuein  the  Stales  of  Caliliirnia  and  On';;on  is  the  jiarallel  ol  I-  •■••r], 
latitnde  fioni  the  rieilie  Ocean  to  the  laie  hmidicd  and  twentieth  nu'iidian  west  from  (livinv ;,  i 
On  the  c(ia>t  thi-  paiailel  ot'  lalilinle  is  Jnst  one  iiiiarter  of  a  milt'  south  of  the  north  pom!  "'  'i 
month  ol  the  V/'iiehnix  ;  and  two  tliiids  of  a  mile  tn  the  northward  of  the  parallel  is  ihr  lasi  nl 
the  inshore  riiel<\  laittes.  oih'  hundred  and  sixty  three  feel  l!i;^li.  The  two  Ixiuiidary  lilas  rcpn- 
senliii^  the  parallel  ol'  IJ'.  and  inn  ,it  dillerenl  dates,  aie  one  mile  aiiarl 

Th<  CiKist  t(,  Chilko  liinr.  I'loin  Prince  Islaial.  olf  SmiiliV  liixfi,  to  the  north  poinl  ni  'Im 
Clietho  i;i\er.  Iheconise  is  noi:li  tolty  three  deerees  west  :  N.  I'i  W'.K  and  the  distance  I^M  \i- 
and  onetifth  miles.  'I'he  I'oUst.line  lecedes  one  and  olu>-i|narter  miles  to  the  eastw.iid"'  :'<i^ 
course. 

The  ClielUo  is  lifteen  and  a  half  miles  noMll  el-hteell  deeifes  W  est  (N.  IS  W.lfrolii  I'niia 
Saint  (!eorj;e,  and  lomteen  miles  iKirlii  livf  de;:rees  w  est  (N..")  W.)  Ii'oni  the  Ndiihwc-  ^'  / 
Itock. 

The  short  si  irich  III   iM.ist  jme   lielwecii    Smith's    Itivia  and  lhe<'hetUo  consist  ui    |ii\(      ^n'^ 
clltls,  },'eneiall\   lioideied    li\   sin, ill    incks  and  ii  ai  kt  d  li\  sev  ei  al  out  l\  llij:  daluds       liiili' 
lieli!nil  the  slioii-  the  l.ind  I  ises  \  el  \   ;;iadMall,\   foralioiil    li.ill   a   mih mil  is  eiillix  .ileil.      I 
mesa  is  cm  ioiisl\   maiKedl'V   li\ei(icU>   hiilles  w  hn  h  i  ise  alinnsi  pneipitouslv   aliovcllic  !• 
elevations  iit  iiiie  hiinilreil  and  Iloit.\  t"  one  hn"dieil  and  seventv  feet,  a  lid  are  um  fid  as  lain:  :  .ii^s 
liehind  the  narrow    plains  the  Krass>   liilK  use  rapidly  within  three  iiuarleis  of  a   mile  i     'Wi 

twelve  hnildll'd   leet.   wInn   ihe  pine  and  d.  •idllolls  l.-irsls  lM';;in. 

At  two  and  a  half  miles  Irom  Sintirs  L'lMt  tins  linnli-rin-   phiiii  tii  mesa  i.s  broken  I' 
tiiijr,  ^'lassv  ridf.'i',  which   comes  tlown  tu  the  w  itei.      Tlrs  ml^e  Msf>  t«t  loiii  hnmlred  a:- 
feel  in  liiiif  a  liiilc,  when  the  pine  l-uests  lici^m       .\t  tliree  imUs  is  tin- err(irK««.*(s|\   locatci     "•>''-' 
daiy  lieiween  ('alifdinia  and  Oreyon. 

Wiiiiliiil.    U'li-ir.  —  W    'hlee   alula    hall    ;Mi.-~   Irom    Smith's    Kr.  er,  lh;rlo'tn    ilid     i    li 
north  eleven  dejjrifs  west  (N.  1 1     W.jfnm    l'i"ji«   Siiuit    (ieor-e  anil    "m.-^v  .m.l  om- tin.'   .ai  ■ 

Ilolth    scMlllien    tleiilees   e.isf    ( N.   IT      I-'.)    t'lolii    Nitrlli  west    S'id    kfH'k,  »»   Ih-     Hioilih    ol   :i    a- lil 
stre. nil  called  ih,.  \\  inclink   l.'nei .  liavin;;   half  a   mile  tit    li.w  sand  «Iuim'h  "rt;  llii' 'imlh  side -I  ll  i' 
iiioiil  li.  a  lid  cultivated,  risiiin  irmnnd  o"  ihe  fioith  side.      .\  -iiori  d'^s,  iii'i'  in,  il  is  boideied  '     I'H..' 
:ii)ii 


rAciiic;  coAsr  imi.ot. 


361 


.  .1 


H     Ii|->1      1111';; 

;olllic  Al!~-i~ 

IC   llillfl)    llill, 

IIIIIIIIHI    1       I   llr 

>  III'  Alilii.iii : " 
I  ilfsinii.ii  I,. 
i-;^i)li.  Ill  1;;\  I  I 

liii'h  iini  lilt" 
led  (li/Wtl  lii.i: 

till'  CaIcHI  I'l 


i  ot    I.'     •■•■I'i, 

III  ( iliTirv  nL 

1    pmilt    nl     111, 

is    111!'    IllM    III 

■y  lines  ri|.i. 

1  |niint  III  '111 

ilMlirf    !v'.i.\i' 

•iw.iril  III  I'li- 

.1  lii'iii   I'-'i.' 

mllUr--'    -^'M 

Ol     lli\^ 

llllMi' 

■il.     'ri.,-  i.r.i 

111!'     |ll;ll!.S   ||i 

IS  hiiiiliiiarks. 

mill'    In   liiti 

UiMi  !■ 

'il    ;iliii         I',' 

oriltoil    lliillll 


II-  llli 

l|     III    .1     <!•    l.i 

Il  Ml!.'  •■!'  tl'.' 

Irli.i 


ti<'is  wliicli  cover  tlio  lii;;li,  stui'it  liill  nii'.i  s  hflwft'ii  wliicli  it  tlowN.  The  riitriiiict'  to  tliis  Ntrt'iiiii 
tt.i.s  iiiily  twenty  yards  wide  at  the,  time  ot'  tiie  survey,  and  exjianded  to  two  liuinlied  yards  inside 
1,11  il  (|uaili'r  of  a  mile. 

.Inst   iMirlli  of  the  Wineiiiiiv  and  onecinaiter  of  a   mii(>  insiiore  is  tlic  soiilheastein  of  three 


iii'Iicea 


lih'  niciiy  Imttes  lyinj;  in  line  nearly  east  hy  soiitli 


( tii  tiie  siioi't  line  of  tlie  coast  al)ovc  desi'iihed,  and  directly  oil'  the  Winehnk  entrance,  tliere 
.11,  srveial  onllyinj^  ildiiijcrs,  as  follows: 

Ciiiir  li'dcL',  seventy  feet  hij;li  and  seventy  yaids  in  extent,  lies  one  and  one  lliird  miles  north 
luriil.v  li\e  (h'j;rees  west  (N.  L'.">  '  W.)  from  the  peak  of  i'riiice  Island,  otV  Sniiih's  Itiver.  It  is  a 
lillle  more  than  half  a  mile  froin  the  shore  and  has  se\en  I'atlioiiisor  waler  all  around  it;  the 
llace  l.ilhoin  curve  lies  seven  hundred  yards  inside  ol'  it.  One  huiidied  and  lil'l.v  ,\ai(is  from  ("one 
h'lM'K,  and  nearly  on  the  sami^  liearin;;  from  I'liiiee  Island,  there  is  a  small,  low  rock,  wliicli  has 
li\i'|osi.\  lathoniHot  waler  around  it. 

.Near  Cone  Ifoi'k  there  arc  lira  minhin  hkLs.  The  outer  one  lies  four  liiindred  yiivds  north 
si'Vriily  three  <le;;rees  west  (N.  7i! '  W.)  frmn  Cone  llock  and  is  hare  at  the  lowest  tides;  it  has  six 
I'.illioms  (if  water  close  around  ii.  The  inner  rock  lies  IInc  hundred  \aids  noiih  ei;;lit  decrees  west 
iN',  8'  W.)  from  Cone  Hock  ;  it  is  also  visible  at  the  ''•  st  tides  and  has  seven  fathoms  of  water 
,liisi'  around  it.     There  is  no  kelp  laid  down  am  'Mli  the-"  ilaiiLicrs. 

Directly  ill  the  a|ipriiachcs  to  tic  Winchiik  ti   'ic  are  so  iiians  sunken  daiij;('is  that  a  detailed 


|isril| 


lion  of  them  would  he  iiiipractieal'le.     The  outermost  onh  are 


lieie  "IVeli.  as  jiillows 


.\  siiitki'ii  r<icl.'  lies  north  fifty  se\eii  decrees  west  (N..">7  ■  W.),  distant  one  and  one-ihird  miles 
tidiii  Cone  Hock,  and  south  twcntysix  dc;;recs  west  (S.'Jti'-'  \V.),  distant  one  ami  one  ipiarter  miles, 
iiniii  the  north  point  of  the  Wincliuk  entrance.  This  rock  has  twelve  feet  of  water  upon  il  and 
lime  fatlioins  of  water  close  around  it,  e\cepl  to  the  west -soul  Invest,  where  another  ninil.tn  mclc  is 
ill  hi  dou  n  a  limit  one  iiiindred  yards  <  list  a  lit. 

fins  is  (he  oiitciiiiost  known  sunken  dan;:er,  and  it  lies  one  and  mie  tliinl  miles  Irom  the 
iiiaiest  sliiiie.  It  is  not  marked  hy  kelp,  hut  a  small  Held  lies  half  a  mile  inside  of  it  in  the 
iliiei  lion  of  the  W'lnchiik  «'liliaiiee. 

.\  siiKill  risihlc  rmk  lies  almost  three  and  one  third  miles  iioilli  fort.v  one  dejiiecs  west  (N.  1 1  "•  W.) 
tiiiiii  riiiice  Island  and  one  and  one  thud  miles  smilh  si\i.\  two  deureesuesl  (.S.  (J'i^  \V.)  frmii 
liii'  iiiiilh  point  of  W'liichiik  entrance.  It  marks  the  outer  end  of  fmil  ;;ri>iind  slretchiii;;:  all  the* 
\\A\  III  shore  in  a  north  liy  «'ast  direction,  and  marked  hy  a  narrow  tield  of  kelp  the  entire  distance. 


NiMils  a  Ipiarter  of  a  mile  inside  ol   this  rock 
lii'iwecn  them,  hut  nearer  the  outer  one,  lies  ,i 


lies  aiiolher  diinhle.  xisilil*  rock   in  the  kelp,  and 
■iiiiiken  rock,  hare  at  the  lowest  tides. 


A  siiiihrii  roch  lies  almost  one  ipiarter  of  a  mile  fioin  the  oiitii  inosi  of  these  \  isihie  rocks  and 
iliicctly  on  the  line  to  I'rini  e  Island.  It  li.is  twelve  faihoins  ol  water  iiiiiiiediately  around  il,  and 
is  not  marked  hy  kelp.     It  lies  almost  a  mile  tioiii  the  nearest  shore. 

Inside  of  thest'  daiij^ei.s  is  very  foiil  ^iioiind,  with  \  isilile  and  sunken  rocks,  marked  hy  kelp 
III  siiiiie  places. 

Ill  heatiiiiMii>  aloii''  this  shore  no  vessel  shonlil  stand  in  closer  than  one  and  a  half  miles 


ai's   nntliin;;   to  the  southward  of 


fiiiiii --hore  when  ahreast  t)ic  Wlnelnik,  or  until    riiiiee   Islam 
siiuiheast  (SH  ). 

■flic  indications  of  the  sand  lieaehes  siait  h  ot'  Ihe  Wine  link,  and  the  expel  le  nee  of  parties  hence 
Im  Mack's  .\rch,  point  to  the  existence  ot  an  inshore  ciiri'cnt  niakiii;;  to  the  northwestward. 

'I'he  Indian  name,  Wincliuk,  means  women.     Their  name  of  this  stream  is  Neh'saw. 

(  Ml  iMi  i:i\i;i;  and  .\.\(ii<ii;.\iii',. 

This  is  ill  th<'  cove  iii  the  il,' 'pest  part  of  rdican   Hay,  lifteeii  and  a  half  miles  nortl^   twenty 
l«ode;:iecs  West  (N,  I'li ^  \N'.)  from  Point  Saint  (leoij^e  and  thirteen  miles  noilh  twodcf^iees  west 


I.N.L'     W.',  t 


from  Northwest    .Seal    loiek.      1 1 


IS    I  Una  1 1    III  II  II 


to  the  -Miiitli.      I'liiin   the  moii!li  of  the 


ii\er  the  north  shore  slrelehes  one  mile  to  the  west  to  (  lieikn  I'oiiit.  and  is  an  irrcfiular,  loeky 
rlitV,  ei-lii\  feet  iii;,'h  and  liiudeied  hy  \  isihie  and  sunken  lucks,  which  lie  out  as  far  as  live  hiin- 
ill  III  Minis  III  ar  the  aiichoia^;!'.  On  the  >liipe  at  the  easiein  end  ot'  .nis  hi  nil  and  .just  west  of  the 
iiH'Kth  of  the  river,  sixty  feel  aho\e  the  water  and  one  hundred  and  weiity  yanls  inside  the  heach, 
lliel-e  is  il  lar^re  while   house,  which  is  a  j;oiiil   l.iiidinark.  and  will   lie  retcried   to  in   the   foUowili;; 


M'liplion  of  the  anchorat,'e  and  the  dangers  therein.      Il 


as  .Miller's  House. 


Mi 

^i5 


'iti 


1  (tT 


'1 


\ 


V   1 


i: 


•■\  ■** 


Hi]  M 


!  :i. 


il 


4' :!"■■' if 


w     'i 


>'        .1     ! 

,-^  rtii 

I  ^  ') 


(f'f^r 


II    r 


PACIFIC   COASI'    I'll.oT. 


3fi3 


(lii.us; 
lilU'lx     \,i:.N 

ifilis  (A.irll^ 

It,  lies  .\\\f\i\ 
rorlv  IS  iii)l\ 
ll\\;i,\s  ii- 1,  li 
li';;rc('s  H.>| 
lr;;lr('.s  ur.-l 
Id  tllC  tM>I- 


oi  iwchf  fiitlioms  witliiii  a  (inartvior  ii  mile  si  mi  t  Invest  rmiii  it.  It  is  uiaikcd  liy  kflp  on  the 
II,.  ilmcst  side.  I'"r()iii  tliis  rock  Clictko  I'oiiif  licet'  iicais  iiortli  scviMitN  six  (I(';;rc('s  west, 
\  Ti;  W.),  distant  out'  and  a  iiall'  miles ;  and  .Miller's  House  lieais  noiih  tliirty  nine  detjiees 
«,  -I  ,  \.  ,'{'.P  \V.),  distant  one  and  one  (inaitef  miles.  I'.et ween  tliis  rock  and  the  slioi(\  are  many 
,  I!  1  r  siiidu'ii  locks  and  dan;,'ers,  with  small  iialclics  of  kelp. 

Two  other  «»»/i('H  ;()(7,.s'  ii|ion  which  the  sea  lireaks,  and  hitlieito  iinkiiown,  lie  respectively 
s,ii;ili  thirty  decrees  east  (S.  ;i(P  I'.),  distant  three  (|iiarters  of  a  mile;  and  south  thirty  dej^iecH 
I  (■;  >.S,  .UP  !•;.),  distant  half  .1  mile  from  the  wliile  house. 

.-^leam  vessels  aiiiiiiiachin;,'  Clielko  .Anchora;;!'  from  the  sonliiward  should  keep  iml  less  than 
a  'hile  otf  shore  until  Miller's  House  liears  north  liy  west  (N.  li.\  W  .),  when  a  course  can  lie  made 
|,.i    I  with  liar  Kock  in  i;ni;,'e.     Do  not  luin^Mlie  hoii>e  lo  liear  aii\  I  liiiiu  west  ot' I  liis  ciuirse  w  hen 


II  a  mile  ol  th(^  aiielioiaL'e. 


Anchor  in  seven  fathoms,  with  Cliclko  Point  llccf  heaiiii"'  west 


In      nil 


Ih  (\V.  hy  S). 


N'es.scls  from  tlu^  westward  can  round  the  \Valrus  llocks.  or  Clielko  roiiil  licet,  at  one  ci;;lith 
,l  .  mile  ill  se\eii  to  nine  fathoms  of  water,  and  steer  east  liy  iioilli  (K.  liy  N.)  until  .Milhr's  Mouse 
tiiMis  mirth  l>y  west  (N.  liy  W.)  ;  then  anchor. 

There  are  no  tields  of  kelp  in  this  eove ;  some  few  ti  itiiii;;'  patches  lie  in  the  foul  i^nuind  to  the 


d,  as  aliove  dcscrilie<l,  out  to  alioiit  si.\  fathoms;   lint  the  oiiteriiiost  dan 


leither  hei 


aliicast  the  Wiiichiik  are  marked  with  kelp.     (Jreat  care  should  therefore  he  excrci.sed  when 

liiiij^  troiii  this  direction.     (.'>ee  descri|itioii  of  sunken  locks  otV  the  NN'iiichiik.) 
Oil'  Chetko  l'oint,iii  a  southwest  direction,  tlio  soiiiidiii;:s  are  very  rej;iilar.     .\  depth  ot'  nine- 
hill  r;;llioiiis  o\  cr  line,  dark  i;rav  sand  is  found  at  one  mile;  twciitvtwo  fathoms  over  liin',  dark- 


,i|.pii 


pA\    Sllll 

unit' 


d  and  rock    at  two  miles;   Iwcnivlive  fathoms  at  three  miles ;  tliiit\oiie   fathoms  at  four 


■r  tine,  dark  uray  sand;  and  thirtv  t'i^ht  fathoms  at  liv 


e  miles,  over  line,  'Tav   saiii 


1    and 


I'liii'  liilld. 

The  inoiith  of  the  Chetko  L'iver  varies  in  width  aecordiii;;  to  the  \olume  of  water;  sometimes 
It  IS  sixty  yards  wide,  with  a  loot  of  water  on  the  liar  at  low  water.  .\t  other  times  it  is  clo.sed 
iilhiucllicr  liy  the  heavy  ;;iavcl  licacli,  which  was  the  c.indiiioii  in  winch  wc  found  it  in  .Vnuiist, 
IS  ..'1.  The  river  inside  has  a  ;^eiicral  w  idth  ol'  two  hundred  \  aids,  and  cciiiics  dnw  11  lut  ween  hanks 
(iiic  liiiiidrcd  and  twenty  Icct  lii^li;  heliiud  the  hanks  the  hills  rise  to  six  hundred  or  seven  hundred 
In  •  III  less  than  half  a  mile.     The  forests  come  down  to  the  river  hanks  in  iiiaiiv  [ilaci's. 

\\ f  landed  directly  on  the  north  part  of  the  j;ra\el  hcach  al  the  mouth  of  the  river,  hut  the 
Ills!  hoat  landing  i''  reported  to  he  behiiitl  the  lai;;e  rot  ky  islet  ali'c  ist  the  northernmost  end  of 
ilns  hcach. 

'i'lie  j;cof;raphical  position  of  the  extremity  ot  Chetko  Point  is: 

Lai  it  mil' W     il^i     111   . 


Koi,;;itilil.' l;;i      17 


:!ii 


^y. 


I  ir,  III  iiiiii' 


IT'^^   lii-.fi. 


Ulilo-ii  r-'ik 
cl\  .11. ...ml 
ilie  de^h'O 


The  ina;;iieti(;  variation  was  P.r  d'j'  cast  in  •laniiarv,  l.s,S."i,  and  increases  I'.l.'  annually. 

Tiilix. — The  Corrected  Ilslahlishmeiil,  or  a\erat.'e  time  lietweeii  the  moon's  meridian   passage 


ami  I  lie  time  of  hi;;h  water,  is 


.\P'  IP".     Tl 


le  mean  rise  and  tall  of  the  lidc  is  I'luiiaml  live  tenths 


till;  and  till' l,irt;cst  rise  and  fall  ohst-rved  was  live  and  nine  tenths  feet.  The  average  duration 
1.1  liic  lisi'  ol  the  tide  is  (>''  Ih";  and  if  the  tall  li  Oil'",  'i'he  times  and  heights  of  the  tides  tor  each 
il  i\  .lie  nearly  the  same  as  those  at  '■  'rcsccut  Cil  \ ,  for  w  liich  the  rule  has  alreailv   lice  11  j;  I  veil. 

\\  lien  a  Vessel  is  otV  the  coast  of  Pelican  l!a>,  the  \  alley  of  llie  »  lietko  is  very  well  liiarkcd 
'  Mil  ill  Ifny.y  Weather,  ami  1  lu'  hi;^li,  louiiiiin^,  and  hold  Inait  of  <  'ape  I'crrelo  stands  nut,  w  ilh  the 
lil.ick,  pyramidal  rocks  of  .Mack's  .\ich  to  the  1101  ihwaid,  slu.w  in-  well  Ipccaiisethe  loii^  level 
riil;,'c  iif  hi^li  sand  (liiiies,  bet  ween  the  Arch  and  Pistol  h'ivcr,  ^;i\cs  'hem  a    whi;ish    hack^round. 

.■sir  l-'raiicis  Krake  approached  the  coast  of  < 'aliform. i  on  the. lid  ol  .Iiiiie,  l."i7!t,  about  latitiido 
1       iiid  sailed — 

.  :ji.i  s  laiiliii  (  ,'111  llir  s.Tini-  l;ililii(li. )  iiiihl  .hiiie  .'.,  alii'ii  llir  wmils  iliovr  I  li..  vrs.sil    Uuvaiils   lln'   sliiire  wliirli 


t.«t  iJn-M'i  iimI,  dihI  ancliort'il  in  a  Ifiiy  iniicli  I'XjMi.si.it  ht  tlu'  w  iiuU  anil  Itiiv 


mill  wlirii  II 


ii'V  iTasi 


il   lIlM'li,  slilikilii;  l\ 


Ui  it'll  lull  III  11^  liiil  the  w  iml  cniilil  irimi\  r,  a  Mil  lli:il  v\  a..,  al  v\  a>  >  \  i.ilt 


il  llnTi'  iiislai.lly 
III. 


' »('  course  II  mav  be  ipiesiioncd  w  liel  her  this  bay  wiis  in  the  \  niiiity  of  Chetko  or  as  far  iiorlh 
Poll  Or  fold.     Ncvcrlhelcss  an  examinalioii  of  the  narrative,  and  of  tin'  1  loud  ins  map  of  ].'i'.t.">, 
ues  little  or  no  (hmlii   in  the   matter,  especially  as  (he  map  has  the  fsaiiit  (ieorue'.s  Uoef  laid 
'^wi  [list  under  the  latitude  where  he  anchored. 


f 


/rflWt' 


3fi4 


I'ACll'IC    COA.^r    I'll. III'. 


'rchciiKotV  li;i.<  till'  Stiiclu  (or  Anow)  UImv  in  liililmlc  t'J';  fntni  its  (lircction  mihI  .;rhf.|;i| 
t(ili(i};rii|iliy  it  woiilil  appear  to  lie  I  lie  Clicikn.  On  Ilic  <  'ua.^t  Siirvcv  rliails  ol'  'i.s."i;>  tiiis  >iriMiii  i^ 
iiiai'lu'd  till'  Illiiioi.s  llivcr.  that  licini;  ilic  name  applicil  lo  ii  liv  niini'is  piuspcciiii;;  IVoin  <'ii-Miiit 
City,  wiu'ica.s  llic  Illinnis  Is  llicsimlli  liraiieli  ol'  l,'o;iiii'  Iii\cr.  On  .>omu'  iinips  il  is  callril  iin. 
C'liiiko,     The  Iiniiaiis  uii  this  river  are  known  as  ilie  Cliitkns  or  Clielko  lanna'. 


CAPIC    I'KRKF.I.O. 


U\ 


fi 


iU«' 


ITMl 


m 


This  is  ihc  lirst  |)|oininenl  heaillanil  noilhu^uil  IVoni  the  I  >ia;ion  Itueks:  Init  it  is  nni  ihc 
tailhcsr  piiini  seen  lioin  Ihi'  Noiihwf-t  Seal  itoiU.  I'lial  is  t'.ipe  Si'ha.-.I  ian,  disiant  t\M'iil\  iiiiji> 
ainl  a  hair  null's.  I'ldiii  I'oinl  Sainl  ( leor^i'  I  In'  Tail  lii'-^l  \  i.'~ilile  point  is  al  .Maek"s  A  i  ili,  l|l^I.lllI 
t«elit\  >e\  en  inilcs. 


Tins  liiilil  ea|ie  is  ijic  .■.(Piiilieasicni  pail  of  a  loni:.  loiii.ilinL;   shore  niakini;' ei;;lil  mill's  |. 


III!' 


iioitliur>t  iViiin  the  Chi'lko ;  inn  tin-  cape  propei-  is  i,nl\   lour  ami  a  li.ilf  m  hs  liuin  ('Inlkn  ruint, 


The  shore  eoiisi 
lie  hall'  a  liiile  o 


asol'  hii;li.  Iirokiii,  imky  elills,  ^nanleil  lis  rocks  ami  r 
'  more  tioin  shoie.     .MonL'  llie  shore  are  niaiiv  sliarp  Inil 


II'  >\    i.>lel.>,  Mime  of  \\  liit'ii 
■•laiiijiii'' 


IS,  ur  liilloel 


asfiuarils  alio\e  the  ;;eneral  .■>lo|u's  of  the  iiiiineiliate  eoasl.  There  are  notalily  two  of  ilii.s.'  .it  tin 
cape.  The  seaward  I'aees  ol  the  hills  are  tireless,  except  in  the  ^niches;  on  the  ri(l;;es,  li.ill  m 
three  I  pia  11  CIS  of  a  mile  in  I, iiid.  oaks  ami  pines  aie  I'm  mil  in  i Icralds  thick  arc  is.     Tlioc  liiil.  >> 


hills  ri.-e  ti 


hundred   feel  and  oNcr  ;  lichind   llieiii  are  the  lii;:her,  wocded  <'iiasi  nioiiiil; 


l'"roin  the  Noiliiwest  Seal  l.'ock  ('ap«  I'errelo  lieaisliollh  llltcen  dej^i'ces  \M'sI  (N.  l.'i  \\  .  . 
dl>taiii  sixiecii  milo:  amlliom  roint  Saiiil  (icor;;e  noitli  tiiiri>oiie  dei:rees  woi  (N..'il  W... 
(lislanl  niiieiccii  miles. 

( )ll'  the  roi'k\  shoic  Iroin  Clielkn  I'oiiil  are  the  roljowiiii.'  islels,  eii'.: 

a  Kill' I  hill  mi  lies  (inl\  line  1  hiid  ol'  a  mile  noi  ihwesl  liy  w  est  (  N  \\".  Iiy   W.)  I'lom  Clictk''  rmiil 


and  cjo.-c  under  tl 


Iti^iicailv   I  \M>  hnndicd  \  arils  in  cMeiil  and  .si\I  \   rcclhi-li.     Sunken 


rocks  and  Imil  .LiiiHiiid  cMcml  Ileal  1\    li\  e  hiimlred  \  aids  Id  I  lie  .siiiilli  xiiilliu  ol  tiom  il.  w  illi   in  lie 


t'athoins  of  ualer  elo.sc  nmlcr  a  sunken  leci 


There  IS  no  kelp  around  t  hoe  <lan;.:ei - 


lietwcen  Chelko   I'liini  and  tlraiid    l>la!id   there  is 


small   imleiilal  ion  kmi\\  n  a.> 


M.i.k 


iiiil 


('o\  c.  ii|ien  lo  t  lie  SOI  nil.  I' he  w  lilt  h  al  I  he  ell  I  la  lice  is  a  I  mill  1  hice  hlllidreil  ami  lei  I>  \  all 
the  depth  as  niiieh  to  ihe  .sand  licaclies  <li\  idcil  li\  an  islet.  .\  small  ri\  lllet  em|il  Ic.n  I  hroilL:li  ;lic 
wi'stern  part  ol'  the  lie.ich,  and  I  here  is  a  house  un  the  hi  nil'  a  I  the  east  side  ol'  the  si  ream,  'llnii' 
is  a  deplh  ol  liiiir   lalhoms  ul'  water  at  ihe  cnl  laiiee  to  ihe  cii\  e,  I  ml  it  deciea>es  ra|iiili\ . 

(iiitlt    Isldiiil    lies    iu.-l    I\Mi    miles    liolthwol    1  ly   «oI   (  N  W.  li>    \\.)  I'lom  ( 'llct  ko  rmiii .       I;    lli> 
live  hnndrcd   \ariis  nlV  .vhoie.    is   ilni'c   linndled   .\aiils   in   cMcnl,aml  Iwoliiindred  I'eel  hi^ii.     Il 


hears  iiin  ill   nine  iie;:ri 


wol    ,  N.  '.I     W 


dlslant  rmirlei  ii  mile-.,  lioln 


lioin  Noll 


iwesi  ,Sc,i 


i; 


has  deep  ualcr  on  lln  .sunt  livvoi  and  ucsl  .sides.  Inn  ineks,  a  Muikcn  imk,  and  a  sixteen  lei  t  -i.ii! 
two  liiimlieil  \aid.s  .siniih  ul  the  suiilhcistci  n  point.  Kelp  in  small  i|nantilies  is  ruiiml  .ilmii!  liioc 
dan;;ers;  sc\en  lathoms  nl'  water  close  outside  ol'  ihcm,  wilh  slriiiL's  of 
twenty  I'alhomsor  water  at  six  hiindied  \  aids  disiance  I 


Ip   iniiliin;:  out   mm 


loin  the  islam 


There  is  a  deep  \  alle\  opeiniii:  jiist  lieliimM  loal  Island,  w  illi  a  lii;;li  inonmi,  in  the  c.isl  ImiiK. 
rising;  one  lnindled  I'cel  aimxe  tlie;;eiieial  li'\cl. 

There  aie  tliiec  ur  Imir  locks  islels,  reach  ill:;  one  linndled  leel  in  height.  I  "'t  u  ecu  (  mm  I  Kl.illil 
and  (  'ape  rericlo.  Tlie\  extend  nearly  hall  a  mile  oillsule  l  he  el  ills,  I  ml  lia\  e  deep  u  alcl ,  li  il  111 
lil'tecn   lalhoms.  close  aionml    lliein   and   no   kelp.      i)ireeti\    olVllie  cape  lie  scvcial  small  \  imMi- 


;ks,  the  lailhesl  lieiii;:  almost  a    mile  oil'  the  elilVs.     Tl 


liiu  .  iliiiilile  rock  alioiil  till  ^ 


ill  extent,  and  ha\in;.'  iieail.s   lucniy  lalhoms  ol'  ualer  close  anniml  il.  and  I'loni   sixl 
t'atlioms  ImIwccii  it  and  the  next  mek  inshore. 


cell  |o  !  \vr!w 


The  IWii  lal;;(  ,  mckv    islets,  mi e  liumlieil   led   hi;;  li.  hall'  a  mile  snin  jisniulieasl  nl  1 1 .ipe,  .iic 

uood  lamlinaiks.  They  lie  noil  hiiorlheast  and  soiilli  soiiihwcst  Iroin  eich  other  and  ahoiil  .mi' 
hiiiiilied  and   l\\eiit\  li\e  >arils  apail.     There  is  pleiit\  ol'  water  around  lliein,  and   loiir  am'  ':'■<■ 

la  1 1 11  nil  s  of  w.iler  hcl  Ucen   l  lie  slime  and   the  I  unci    Islet. 

To  ihe  ucsluard  ol'  the  cajic  are  two  loekv   islels,  kimwn  as  the   j'.arnacle    l.'ocks,  uvei  ■    .a.v 
lect    liiL:h.  and  l.siii^'  mnih  and   soiiili  from  each  other  ne.uly  two  hnmlied  \  aids  apart.      \  In" 

rock  lies  111  the  NMsIwaid  iif  the  inncldlie.  These  I  iiek  s  he  u  esl  li\  mil  I  h  i  W  .  Ii\  N  .  i  1  II  I  ec  (pi  M  leis 
of  a  mile  fnnii  the  cape  and  1  uol  liads  nf  a  mile  off  shuie.  'I'hes  lia\c  .i  deplh  of  sixteen  l.i'liniii.s 
of  ualer  aionml  them  and  no  kelp. 


w 


it  is  llol  Ihr 
1  l\M'll|\  :,!|||. 
Alcll,   (llM.liil 

mill's  I.I  llir 
'llc'ikil  I'l.llil. 
IIIH'  (if  \v  i:r!i 

■K-.  slilliilllu 
r  Ihi'M'  ,il  III. 
il;^i'>,  li.ill  (II 

rilCSC   (  Iccll  ^^ 

^l     llllllllll.lllls. 

(N.     I.'l        W.    . 

(N.;ti    w.. 


I'IicIKm  l'..:tit 
,l;1i.     Siiiiiv.'ii 

II.    W  illl     llillc 


<i.i.il   In.. mil 

\  illcl ,  ll  II    I'l 

-III. ill  \  I-  lii 
I  Iill>  ;.    I.N 

(•II    In   t  \\r\\r 

lir  iM|"\  .111' 
;|liiiu;    '.III- 

iiin  ,11  • 

\i  I 

mil.       \    '■" 
ii'c  (|ii  li  ;i  i> 

nil    l.l'll'P.lls 


r.\('inc  coAsi'  I'iMtT 


.Ml,') 


.\i  (iiic  iiiilf  soiilli  Miiilliwcsl  tmiii  llic  ciipc  tJM'  (Icptli  of  wiitcr  i.s  I  went  \  (bur  (htliimis  oxer 


lilir.  m 


,i\  siiiid  ;   ;il  lu(i  iiiiii's,  ihiilN  !'•  II  ImIIidiiis  over  tine,  (iMik  j;iiiv  siiiiii ;  :it  llircc  miles,  lliirt 


y- 


I  i.iilioms,  ;iriil  lit  luiii  tiiiirs  Iml  \  scvrii  iMlliiim.s,  iimt  liliic  mini. 

II  liiiikiitl  liiis  ;i  il('|itli  (i|ci;:lit\  liitlmiiis  .so  veil  miles  soul  Invest  liiiH. south  (S\V.  },  S.)  IVoin  the 

I  lis  |iii>iliiiii  is  ii|i|irii\iiii;iti'. 
riic  ^i'iij;r;i|ihi(Ml   iio.siiiiin  (it  (';i|ie  Ferrclo  Still  ion,  two  huiidred  mill  twenty  feet  iiltove,  the 
.11, ll  uiit  .1  iiiliiillril  XMi'ds  I'ldlii  the  sliiue,  i.s: 


l.iiiiiiiili' 


I-.'    hi;'   !■:;  .1. 


i.i.ii).Miiiili' iji    ji     i:  .i;. 


Or.  II.'  liiiir 


-     17 


\iiitliiri shranl  /ruin  Ciijir  i'trriln  tn  Ciljii'  Seliiistiaii  the  eo;isl  is  very  lucky.  The  two  eiipes 
nil  liiil  ililel  \  i>ilile,  lis  (  Idiik's  I'liilil  luiiiccls  licMiiiil  llic  direct  lieiiril:;;.  Clduk's  I'oilil  is  the 
iiivi  |iiiiiiiiiiciil  point  to  (lie  nml  hw  est  Will  ll  nl  Ciijie  I''('rielii,  iinil  Ileitis  IVoiii  it  ninth  thirty  .si.\ 
lii-ii  IS  West  (N..l() '  W.),  distil  lit  nine  iiiid  ii  liiilf  miles,  (he  line  piissin:^  over  (hree  hundred  yiird.s 
III  I  111  c;i>I\v;ilil  (it  .Miiek's  .Arch.  The  slioi'e  line  ret  rents  one  mile  to  (he  eilstWiird  of  (hilt  lieiuillg, 
;ilii.iil  iiiiihMiN  liil  uecii  the  t  WO  ]i(iints.  it  liiis  two  iir  three  siii;ill  iiideiidltiolis,  w  ilh  I'eeCs  lU'iir 
lliiiii.  whieii  help  to  toi  Ml  siiiiill  iiiiiliiiis  of  retii;:e  to  vessels  tluit  eoiist  close  iiiider  (he  shore  to 
;i\iiiil  the.stronu  niiitliwi'>(  winds  mid  hciivy  swells. 

In^iilcdt  (he  liciiiiii;;  to  ('look's  I'liint  tlicie  is  n  jiittinu.  i  nj;;.'eil  clill.  rroiii  two  iiniidrcil  to 
Ihirr  liiiiiilred  t'eet  in  lieiuht,  w  il  li  ii  Ironliine  ot  iiemlx  one  mile.  IJehind  it  the  tieeless,  triple- 
In, nliii  lull  rises  to  .si'\  en  hlinilleil  mill  ('i;;lil  liiiiiilied  t'eet.  .\liii\ c  (hilt  lieiuhl  I  he  forest  l)ej;ili.s 
iiiil  iiM'.>  to  the  cii'si  line.  This  point  lies  norlh  thiily  (le;:i,'es  we.-.|  (N..'lli'  \\.)  ( hree  iind  one- 
i{ll,il  lei   lliilo  fldin  ( 'iUie  I'erielo. 

ll'//((/(".s'  Html.  -.\t  twii  iind  one  third  miles  I'loin  Ciipe  I'diclo,  iind  on  the  iiliovc  liciii  iiiu'',  lio 
M\.i  luckv  Islets,  one  hundred  iind  (wcn(y  t'ee(   lii^li  mid   (hree  liundicd  iind   lil'lv  li\  two  liiindre(l 


ill  e.xteiit,  to  (he  eiist  w  iird  of  w'  ich   is  it  slii;lil    reeedinn'  of  the   hold,  rue 


;\   sliole 


I  hereby 


liilliilll'.;  il  slight   plutect  inn.      The  olllei'  i.vlet   is  kiinw  ii  js 


Whille's  llcild.      T 


le  eo\  (•    IS   iiliiiiit    t  WO- 


iiil>  of  il  mile  iii'iiiiil.  inn  thwi'.Ni   iiinl  soiithciisi,  mid   nemly  Inilf  ii  mile  deep  tiiw.inls  ilie  north 
>l.     'i'lie  ll  "ee  fiilhiiin  ciii'M' eoiiies  nciii  Iv  foni    huiiilred   viiidsoiil    from   tl 


le  elills,  iind   there  is 


>i'l|i  ii'.i.int  the  shore  or  rocks  i'\('e[it  ii  sniiill   piitcli  ciist  of  the  inner  rock  iiinl  in.vide  the  three- 


I'illllnlll   lllll 


I'lie  soiiiidiiit;s  to  the  ciist  mid  soiithciist  of  (he  outer   i>lc(   nre  ciuhl  hiliinii 


<e  to  it,  with 


lintloiii  of  tine,  lij;lit  ;:iii>  smiil.  Tliele  is  ii  sliiiill  ;ii(7,  <iH<iKh  (lireetlv  in  fmnt  ot  the  cove.  It  is 
.iliiiiil  lillcen  \iirds  in  extent,  iind  il  lies  eiiilit  liuinlred  Viirds  soiitli  i  .s^.)  from  (he  lii;:hcs(  piiit  of 
Wliiile'-'  llciid.  .\i(iiiiid  this  diiii^cr  the  Wiiter  is  eleven  fiithonis  deep.  One  mile  oiitsid(>  (li« 
III. Ill  the  depdi  is  (wcntvtwo  fiitlioiiis  oxer  line,  diirk-jiiiiy  siind. 

.\  Vessel  iipptdilchiliy;  Whille's  lliiid  < 'o\  ('  from  the  soiithciist  w  ;iril  inii-it  bewiirt>  of  il  siinill 
.  lii>lcr  of  low  locks,  iind  two  siiiil.iii  rml.s  lyiiii;  lictwceii  the  I'.iiriiiicle  liocks  ,;ilrciidy  ilcserilied 
miller  Ciipe  I-'ericlo)  iind  Wlmle's  ilciul.  They  iue  nciirer  the  lliiiiiiicle  Kocks.  The  siiiiken 
iiirks  iire  close  lo;;('tlier,  mid  lie  one  mile  sihiiIicmsI  liiilf  ciisf  (SI"..  \  ]•].}  t'nnn  W'hiile's  Ijciid,  with 
tell  lailioiiis  of  water  iiroiind  thciii.  Thcv  iire  just  iiiilside  the  liinue  of  (he  rocl^  iiw  ii>li.  iiliox'e 
ili-.NCi  ilicd.  mid  (he  west  side  ot'  W'li, lie's  liciiil.  The  low  rocks  lire  il  little  insi(l(>  of  t hill  rmi^e, 
mill  line  mid  one  si.\tli  miles  from  W'hiile's  Ilend.     Tli"\   liinc  deep  wiiter  mdiiiid  thciii. 

Westwiird  fidiii  Whille's  Mend  to  Crook's  Point  tlie  sliore  is  very  lock.v  iiiid  wild,  mid  the 
i.i(Ky  islets  l\in^  under  it  lire  troiii  sixty  to  one  hundred  mid  iKteeii  feet  in  elcMitioii.  One  of 
ilicsc  rocky  islets,  over  ci.iilitN  feet  in  liciuht,  has  a  pei  pcndiciilar  faee  to  ihe  niirthwc.-.|  mid  slnp- 
iii'_' side  to  the  sou(heiis(.  w  illi  rock.-^  oil  this  side.  It  Ins  close  inslioic,  I  wo  mid  one  third  miles 
Miiillieastwiird  iroin  Mack's   .\i(h  mid  ten  miles  I'lnm  the  ('hctko,  follow  iiij;'  the  line  ot    Ihe  shore. 

ills   known    to   the    iiiiv  i;;ators  as   ll Lriiiiini;    Koi  k."     'I'liice   hundred  .\  aid-N  nml  li  iioi  tliwest 

ii'-iii  this  rock  is  a  lm;.;ci'  mid  liiL;li('i(ine  elnser  in  shore,  wiih  iis  shoief.ice  pcipeiidiciilm  and 
ii^ii    lilllidleil  mid  folirleell  tcet   hii;li. 


flie  111'  forests   lieiiin  to  come  down  in  the  e(l;:e  uf  the  clilVs.  Iml  on  or  near  the  crestlilie  are 


ll.'l.ililr 


•11  areas  iippiirciitly  ;:r,iNN\ .     Twn  of  I  hese  imlalile  >pii|s  are  seei 


I  liel  w  cell  the  Wliille's 


ll''..il  and  < 'rook's  roinl  ;   the   IIinI  j^  K'nckv    I'raiiie.  nineteen   hnndieil    and  tweiils   lixctcct  hi' 


iHnl  iiiily  one  and   one  i|iim'tci'  iiiiles   fiuin    slimi 


The  see(m(l  is  (nie  and   (wd  thirds  miles  north 


-I   from   (his,  and  rises  (o  nineteen   hiiiidicil  mid   fortv -si  \  eii  feet   in  ime  mid  one  (•i.uhlli  miles 


lii'iii  111 


e  shore. 


u 


»■*' 


m 


M 


366 


I'ACIl'K"    COAST    PILOT. 


Hotwcon  tlit'so  clcvatioiis  Mini  llic  slmrc  the  I.iinl  is  lirokni  ;inil  iiiiMiiitiiininis,  imil  lov .  i,.,) 
witli  tliii'k  I'Drcsis  mimI  (li'iisc  iiiiil('r;,'ri)\\lli.  Hull' ii  iiiilc  oil' simrr  iiltrciisi  IIicm'  I.iiii1iii:m  K--  i'h  iv 
is  :i  i()ck\  islfi.  (mIIiiI  \('1Iii\v  K'ipcU.  It  is  (•i;,'lil,v  liHir  I'l'i'l  lij;;li,  two  Immlrcil  .Minis  in  cMchi.  .iml 
lias  t'i>i  lit  ('I'll  l';itlii)iiis  (if  wiitiT  close  iiiidcr  its  southwest  race,  ami  (Iccp  water  lictwciii  it  aiin  |||,> 
shore. 

Crool.'s  I'ninl.  -This  is  a  inoileratel.v  low,  jiittiii;;  point  project iiif;  one  third  ot  n  inili'  In  » [ 

the  line  joiiiiiij;  ( ',ipe  I'errelo  ami  ("ape  Sebastian.  It  is  noteil  lor  tiie  iiiaiiv  roeky  i.sjets  ;ii.miiii| 
it,  ami  I'or  the  e\teiisioii  of  a  line  of  these  islets  lor  one  ami  oiii'lialf  miles  lo  the  south,  tci  iinii.it 
inj;in  the  easily  recoj^ni/  il  i--lcl  of  M.iek's  Arch. 

The  e\tii'iiiiiy  ot  the  iioiiit  ilsell  is  imrrou,  ami  about  one  hiimlrcil  ami  tweniy  feet  ln.;li, 
with  a  sill, ill  iiiiky  luitte.  I'lehiml  this  rocky  Imlte  there  is  a  sli;;lit  sa;;,  ami  then  the  Ireeli  s.  |n|| 
lie,i,'ins  to  1  is.' aiiil  soon  liccoiiies  densely  wooded  to  the  lii;ili  crest  line.  Iininedialely  aroiiinl  llii' 
point  is  a  cliisier  of  rocky  isleis  as  hij;h  as  the  jioinl  iiself ;  and  some  low  rock>.  coMimjr  ^i,  i,,,, 
of  two  liiiiidicd  yards,  lie  seven  liiimlred  yards  .south  of  the  point,  with  six  fatlioms  of  u.iici 
close  around  them,  and  even  inside  of  lliem. 

There  is  no  kelp  otV  this  point;  and  at  one  mile  the  depth  of  water  is  twenty  I'alhoin- .i\(.i 
line  i:ray  saml.  ami  at  live  miles  the  depth  is  seventy  tatlioius  over  jireeii  mud. 

On  the  norlhwest  side  of  this  point  the  sliiu'c  ehanues  to  a  stiai;.;lil  lliree  mile  saml  himl,. 
backed  by  sand  dunes  risin;,' to  one  hiimlred  and  sexenty  feet  in  ele\aliou.  A  fireat  depii --11111 
in  the  coast  moiintaius  just  iioilli  of  Crook's  t'oint  is  also  very  marked. 

The  t,'eo;;rapliical  position  ot'  Crook's  I'oiiit  was  determined  by  the  V .  S.  Coast  and  ( i.Miiliiu 
Survey,  and  is  as  lollows  : 

l,;i!ilii.li' Iv!     l.'i    (I'J     II. Mill 


l,iiii;;ilMil.' 
Ot,  ill  lliii 


r.'i    •.':.  iKi 

C'  IT     1(1". 


rt.-ii 


MACK  S    AKCII. 


This  is  an  easily  reeo^rni/ed  lain  I  mark  to  \cssels  that  are  not  too  far  out  at  sea.  It  best «  mi  \ 
three  miles  iiiiiih  lueiiiv  tlii.e  de;:rccs  west  (N.  •j;!'' W'.i  liom  Noiihwe.-.t  Seal  liock  :  tucniv  -i\ 
and  a   half  miles   innth   tliiri>  Iliiee   de',.;ie.s   west    (N.  .'>.'i     W.)  from    I'oiiit  Saint   (mmuj^c;  .i-iii 


miles  north  Iliiitv  --eveii  deur. 


■it  (N.  'ii     NV.)  from  Cape  I'eirel 


o  ;  and  -is  miles  soiiili  1  \vi  iii\ 


iiii't.'il 


nine  decrees  e.i>t  (S.  L'lt '  l^.  j  I'loin  Cape  Sebastian.  It  is  a  double  headed  rocky  islet  two  In 
yards  in  cxteiil.  ami  the  oiilei  or  ui  sieiii  head,  rises  to  two  linmired  and  twenty ci;:!!!  lei  t  .Ji.'m 
the  sea.  The  e;  siei  n  head  is  a  lillle  lower,  licithare  very  black  nearly  to  the  snmiiiits.  v.  ii.  li 
are  white,  e\  Ideiitly  from  the  deposits  of  sea  birds.  The  arch,  about  forty  feet  in  lii'i;;lil.  1-  1  ii.  1 
the  eastern  |)eak,  and  is  seen  directly  throu<;h  froiii  the  southward.  The  islet  lies  one, iihl  1  i  i!i 
miles  south  I  weiilv  nine  def:rees  east   (S.  '_'!!     I'",.)lloln   Cioidv's   rri|i|.  and  is  t  he  easlei  11  e\l ; .   u  l> 

ot   I  he  lliii  ty  rocks  ami  ro.  ky  i-hts  makin;;  out  111  that  direel  ion  irom  ( 'look's  I'oini.     1 1  In  -  ;l 

ija.ii  leis  of  a  mile  liom  the  shore  to  the  mui  heastward.     These  rocks  iaii;;e  from  .1  fe\\  aw.i-hi.i 
mie  hillidled  and  eleven    feel    eli\  atii.li.       I'lie   s(Ult  hw  i  slel  niiiost   one   is  foi  I  y   four  leel    lii-li,       'I: 
t  Weill  \   lallioliis  ot    w  ater  aroiiml  it,  ami  all  aioillni  I  he  outer  ed;;e  of  the  leef  the  deplli    -  !:• 
than  tell  fathoms. 

'I'he  main  ^■llole  inside  this  reef  IS  not  so   iock\  and  piecipitoiis  as  to   the   >oiithea.s|  v\  anl    '"il 
t  lie  irceli  s-  lull-  I  i-e   lapidlv   in    half  a  mile  or    more  lo  sever.il   hiiiidied    feet    clexalimi   .in.' 
be.oine    uoiide.l. 

7'Ar  (//(i7.<. (■((</(  inside  of  Mack's  Iteef  is  faiily  uell  proiecied  from  the  h('a\\    iiohIinm-! 
and  slidii;;  winds.     It  woiilil  be  cl.iiijjeriuis  foi  a  vessel  lotry  to  make  it  by    passiii;;   ihioiui      .. 
reef  beean-e  thete   lie  many  Miiikeii  r(.iks,  but  the. Villi   I'ock  may   be  safely   passed  on  1  In       • 
>\\  "  iml  w  ai.l  >idi-  of  '!.  instead  of  passing  to  leew  ai.|  nl  it  and  working:  to  iioi  iliw  ani  i..  an  .1 ! 
a;.'e.     Near  t he  heai'  of  t he  cove  there  is  a  patch  (^f  kelp  in   four  fathoms  of  water,  but  li.i  •  ^        . 
siinkiH  riirl.  with  only  Iwo  feet  of  water  upon  it  in  the  noitheast   ]iail  of  the  kelp,  thiee  hi;.      I 
and  lil'iy  y  aicU  Imiii  I  he  shore  but  |ii>I  out  sale  the  I  lii.e  i.iihoiii  line,  ami  an  <  iijltlii'ii  l'i<  t  n 
two  hiimlied  yards  soul  h  soiilheasl  of  that  daiin«T.     The  laller  has  no   kelp  about    il  ami 


niter  limit  from  the  three  fathom  line.     I'rom    the  two  feel 


th 


e   cNlremit  \    of  <  'n 


bears  mu  III  fort  y  nine  de^iices  west  iN.  tH     W.  .  dislaiil   1  luce  qiiai  lets  of  a  mile,  and  the  !i 
pall  of  Mack's  Arch  bears  south  seven  de;,'iees  east  |,S.  7     1,.),  distant  I  luce  ipiai  lers  of  a  i: 


■r 


<.  (Mill  r„\,  11,1 

iiiIiii:mK-  III,  ,v 
ill  <'\liiii.  ,iii(| 

■t'i'II  it  ;iiHi  til,. 
;i  iiiilc  \u  v,,ii,| 

-    I>ll'ts  ,IIm;|||i| 

"illi.  tciiniii.il 


Illy   Ircl   1 

i  Ji. 

If    llflli  s 

-hill 

'I.V  iUdlliii 

till' 

•  ■nii;^  ;iii 

.IllM 

mils  ()|  u 

.iln 

I'al  Imiii^ 

iM'l 

('  Sllllll    III 

H'il. 

ilf   ilr|i|i  - 

-lull 

illjli  (  ii-iii 

(■111 

nil 

Ml. 

1   hrslu, 

;  iMciiis 

-l\ 

l'iir;,'c;   ri 

;•'■; 

mil  li  i  . 

IVMi    lllltli. 

,1        III!,,         ill 

:.i| 

II    U'rf   ii  11 
llllllls.   " 

f,'lit.  1^  -i 

.■  1 

II'  .llhl  ;l   1 

,iir 

Ml  ('\1;. 

h  liis;i 

'rw  M\v;i.'»fi 

III 

t    lii-li, 

ll    l>   Ml'! 

Is!  ujlii.   ' 

'li 

HI     .lllli    l\ 

'■II 

il\Ms| 

lliimi. 

Ill  llh' 

II  an  .11.1 

III  h.r.  . 
1.1.    1.  1 . 

' 

II       HI 
'l,t      !■■ 

1  aihl 

niiK'^    ' 

Ihr   !.■ 

ll'  a  III.  . . 

..ujLm,ii,„^vii  ■ 


!l 


1*1 


(.'. 


■? 


w 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■"  lU    12.2 
2.0 


t  US 


IL25  il.4 


II 


U4 


// 


.-^z 


^  >. 


.^t^ 


<^^. 


^ 


/^ 


Pilotographic 

SfJoiices 
Corporation 


33  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WnSTH.N.Y.  M5M 

(716)  t73-4S03 


'^ 


i\ 


<^ 


^. 


4^ 


6^ 


"^ 


0  I 


Tom 


ijijti 


.UKitf^^j,Mt.mt:  >     ;.'.|hllik"''^'' 


Mark's  ArrI,  |{,.of,  NK.  I.y  N..  ir;  ,„il..H.     All  hack  liiilH  i.,  cloii.U. 


Mack's  Arcli, 
NK-iN.,  13  miles. 


-Ml    .*m    jf^sb:. 


.iii 


^.-' 


>,<ii'^ 


H/^' 


if'     • 


I  ifitk 


III  toi>t. 


•«4lc(t. 


•*a8  foet.       All  h. 
Muck's  Arcli,  NIC.  i  N.,  i;  iiiiiti». 


I 


I 


i 


I  it 


!■(■ 


1  ,1 


« 


f 

f 

P 

l!  : 

'  n 

U 

( 

(#' 

^-«^ 

i^ 

i 


i 


It 


11* 


ru 


II 

i 

m 

■  .;i  ^^ 

f    :i 

,  t»^. 

it-i 

1 

1  'i? 

■5      'i', 


'■.;•( 

■ 

^1 

ii  !!^^'         i 

■]'! 

T 

•1  . 

i' 

,1 

i 

Ii 

I.     r 

fciii 

•••V??*,       _  ;■•*■ 


•-^s*'. 


"!*.», 


"^. 


. ,  .  ...-?-*"'^«'i?X, 


j.,---'"'««»„ 


■'i^'<«i*^^^, 


'*******«m^. 


,»*-«««*'*!(N?!V 


g^ 


~..i5cSA 


„„.,'VM:"'h.i„/iP'i,'."'' '■■'■■ 


Cape  Sebastian,  N.  i  W.,  fi  tnileii. 


.„.,^.,-,.-.-'".^^> 


•  "j>sf  • 


r'---:v 


^•,>*" 


.^ 


;i*i-»-.«"j^.t.*;A5,«h«*'' 


„•.<■■        .•  ■•^. 

_  -i"^  '•*(  /^;j*  ^ 


Cape  S«ba atian,  N.  '^"^  W.,  i^i  n.ilea.         Mack's  Arob,  1&  miles. 


1^^\ ,       ■■',■'.  ■    .'"^*'  *  '"■« 


^„..--""'«>^, 


V. 


'''*'V«'V"»-- 


r4t. 


Mii.k'.-  Anh.  NT..  Iiy  K    J  K.lt  miicH. 


All  the  roast-liue  in  thick  Int/.i'. 


■■?SBm  i''-' '•  11^  I  III- ' 'I'l"^ '^"         II-  -        •  ''j"i_-      iiT  III  III?!    if       ■■     II  Mil — 


riim  Mountiiiii,  -.'.'jetl  (fH. 


( 


:»    t 


..<«-'' 


.,..•>"'■>»> 


•V, 


"•^tat^, 


'•S,,!, 


^^iH*"**-'  t/.v. 


H„ 


•«**„, 


'Mlm^ 


f 


il.ii  k'>  All  li,  N'l:.  liy  i;    I  K.,11  I 


i«t. 


-.« 


..;  -  •«•  *««  -.^ 


um 


Cape  Sebastian,  N.  -JO-  \V.,  iiOj  mil        i>i„„  Mouniuiii,  '.VJ*!  fr.-t. 


PACIFIC   COAST   I'lLOT. 


3<;7 


riic  outer  aiu^lioraRO  is  in  six  I'atlininH  of  water  over  tint'  uray  Hand,  with  tin*  liit,'ln'st  jmrt  of 
M,i.  I>'s  Anil  l)oariiiK  sdiifli  liy  j'asf  (8.  l>,y  I-'.),  tiistaiit  «'i(;!it  liuiHlrol  janis;  and  a  rotiky  islrt 
:,i\t\  iini'  tiM't  liinii  iM'ars  west  (W.),  distant  live  liiindred  and  llCty  yards;  lint  tlie  nearest  visiUlo 
nil  ^  lies  insido  of  tlio  lust  ruck  and  three  hundred  and  sixty  yards  west  southwcHt  from  tliu  uii- 
(■liiir.i;;e. 

I'd  obtain  ancboragn  in  Hmoothev  water,  a  steamer  miRht  continue  her  enurse  nortiiward 
tin 'iijii  file  |{'-lpaiid  close  under  the  in.ier  Hi(hM»f  the  reef  until  the  extremity  of  ('ro(»k's  Point 
liiiis  northwest  one  third  west  (N\V.  ^  W.),  and  shows  in  line  with  the  northeast  side  of  the 
lii^;lii'sl  islet  (ime  hundred  and  eleven  feet)  at  the  head  of  the  cove.  Am-horou  this  ranjje  in  four 
tiiilmiiis  III  water,  with  the  seventy  one  feet  islet  in  raufje  with  the  tiftythree  feet  islet  beyond  and 
Im  II  11^  sDutiiwest  three  ((uarters  south  (SW.  'i  H.).  In  this  position  the  one-hundred  anil-eleven- 
I, . '  slit  will  be  distant  two  hundred  ami  forty  yards,  and  the  seventy  one  feet  islet  two  hundred 
ami  lili.v  yards.  IJut  no  sailiiif?  vessel  should  ever  attempt  to  reach  this  inner  anchorage,  us  there 
IS  not  riioin  eiiou({h  to  ^et  under  way  except  under  steam. 

flie  soundings  outside  of  Mack's  Arch  aiul  reef,  on  a  southwest  course,  have  already  been 
•:'.\<n;  they  range  fniiu  twenty-nine  fathoms  at  one  mile  to  sixty  tlire<'  fathoms  at  four  miles,  with 
liiiitniii  oi  green  mud  at  the  latter  depth.  As  a  rule  the  mud  bottom  begins  at  the  depth  of 
ili!it\  live  to  forty  fathoms. 

A  chart  of  Mack's  Arch  Cove  was  published  in  187.'>.     It  was  inimed  by  the  Coast  Survey  in 

The  geographical  position  of  Mack's  Arch  is: 

l.atitiuli) 42'  i:i'  V  iiortli. 

LlillKilllilr V>\     21'  l:l     wlHt. 

Or,  ill  1 1  nil- H"    17'"  IIOMI. 

Tiilfn. — The  Correctetl  Establishment,  or  mean  interval  between  the  time  of  the  moon's  transit 
ami  liie  time  of  high  water,  is  XI'' .'{.")'";  and  the  n\eaii  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  is  four  and  seven- 
ttiiiliH  feet.  The  tini' j  and  heights  of  the  tides  are  very  nearly  the  same  as  those  for  Crescent 
I  i!\  or  Port  Orford. 

I'istol  Hirer. — Fron-  Mack's  Arch  to  Cape  Sebastian  the  course  is  north  twenty-nine  degrees 
ui  -I  (N.  l.".P  W.)  and  the  distanci'  six  miles,  the  line  passing  tangent  to  Crook's  Point  at  one  and 
iM,r  half  miles  from  t'.e  Arirli.  Midway  between  Crook's  Point  and  the  cajte  the  shore  recedes  about 
two  iliirds  of  a  mile,  at  the  mouth  of  Pistol  Kiver,  which  is  in  latituile  42^  17.V  ninth. 

Immediately  north  of  ('rook's  Point  the  high,  ragged,  rocky  shore  line  changes  to  a  low,  sandy 
111' nil  for  two  and  a  half  miles  to  tht^  n\ontli  of  the  river.  This  beacli  is  backed  by  high  sand 
(liiiiis  reaching  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet  elevation  inside  of  four  humlred  yards.  The  mouth 
lit  the  river  breaks  through  the  northern  end  ol  the  beach  after  running  parallel  with  it  for  nearly 
thill'  iiiiart«'i,-t  of  a  mile  and  sejiarated  from  the  ocean  by  n  narrow  sand  sjiit  of  only  sixty  yards 
ill  "ulth.  Inside  of  this  beacli  the  river  is  over  one  hundred  yards  wide,  and  its  right  bank  is  a 
hi;;h.  liliitf  shore  rising  to  higher  grassy  ridge.  The  mouth  was  one  liundred  and  seventy  five 
v.iiils  wide  in  187.'<,  ami  broke  through  the  sands  Just  on  the  south  side  of  a  rocky  butte,  forty 
li  1 1  high,  ciMinected  with  the  main  land  on  the  north  by  a  low  sand  drift.  In  great  freshets  it  is 
I'liiiiable  that  this  stream  may  break  out  across  the  peninsula  at  the  great  bend  where  it  comes 
I  in  ily  from  the  high  mountains  in  the  interior. 

At  the  extreme  mntliern  part  of  the  sandy  beach  there  are  two  houses  at  the  beginning  of 
ilir  liseof  the  grassy  hill,  which  attains  an  elevation  of  sevon  hundred  and  sixty-six  feet  in  six 
liiiiiilicd  yards,  when  the  edge  of  the  forest  is  rearhed. 

No  soundings  have  yet  lu-eii  made  olV  this  iieach. 

Noilliwestward  fiom  the  month  of  the  river  to  Cajte  Sebastian  there  are  many  rocks  and  rocky 
i>hfs  lying  about  one-third  of  a  mile  olVthe  rocky  dills,  and  reaching  as  high  as  one  hundred  and 
M\iiiiy  (Vet  t'levation. 

The  Indians  at  the  mouth  of  Pistol  Uiver  call  themselves  the  Ches-t'les  tcn-nie;  south  of  the 
inn  iju-y  ;ire  the  Iloos  tan  uch  ten  na'. 

CAPE  SEBASTIAN. 

^Vhen  oil"  the  Dragon  Rocks,  or  Saint  (leorge's  Ueef,  the  outermost  visible  headland  to  the 
iM  I  III  westward  is  Ciipe  Sebastian.  It  bears  north  thirty  lour  degrees  west  (N.  ;{4^  VV.),  distant 
I'liteeu  miles,  from  Cape  Ferrelo,  but  this  course  pa.sses  one  third  of  a  mile  inside  Crook's  Point. 


if 


11, 


# 


ii' 


f 


ft 
I 


I ' 


i  1. 


mb^tm 


:wA 


I'Mllir   COAHI'    IMI.mT. 


t>  ^Jl  H  ) 


l-'niiii  lli(>S;iiiit  <iriii';:<-'s  llrtl'  l.i;:lil  liiiiix- (nil  Niirt liwoi  Si'iil  KiH-U)  t1i*>  )'ii|ii>  lii'iirs  niulli  i 
li\<'  iliy^nt's  wt'si  ^N.  .'."i    \\  .),  <|j-laiil  lliiil.\  iiiiU-s,  lliis  <'iiiir.s('  iiassiii;;  Imifl.v  lialT  a 


Mill)'  oil,. I, I,. 


(irrriiiik'.s  rniiil  at  Iwi'iits  t'liiir  miles. 

rn'twt'cii  ('a|i(>  l'\'rrfli(  ami  <'a|M'  Sfbiistiuii  tin-  coastliiio  is  vory  riM-kv,  hoiilcrt'il  li\  i..,  ,,^ 
and  nirky  i.slcts  \>lii<'li  at  llir  fartlii'st  ex  tern  I  out  om-  mile  iVoiii  .slinrcal  Mark's  Itcrt'.  'riift",i'i'|Hiiiii 
to  this  iiK'k.v  sliiiro  is  the  tlirn-'inili'  lim>  of  sami  iliiiu's  iiclwn'ii  Croiik's  I'liini  ami  I'isiul  i;  \,|, 
ini'iitiiiiii'il  ill  tilt'  ilrsciiptidii  d!' tlio  latter.  'I'lu'ic  is  a  sciii-s  nl' alt<>i-iiatiii};  i'iil;;<'s  aiiil  \.il|,  \>i 
ahiiij;  till'  coast  ami  transverse  to  its  ;;eiieral  diicelioii.  The  northwesteiii  slopes  of  the  iiioiintMiiis 
are  ;;eiierall.v  wooded,  with  occasional  areas  of  ;;iass  or  jireeii  hcil>a;;e  on  the  soiiilieiii  n1,,|„,s, 
r>iit  lietween  Crook's  I'oiiit  and  Cape  Scliasti.in  there  is  t|ii')e  a  valley  drained  l>y  Pistol  l.'vi  i. 

As  seen  t'ldin  the  sniiihwaid,  the  pitch  of  i  'ape  Seliastian  is  ijiiite  steep  I'oi'  over  six  liiiii.lii  i| 
feet,  and  the  rid^e  liehiiid  it  is  then  broken  for  some  distance,  when  it  rises  steadily  until  it  re  n  Iks 
fully  t\fo  thoiisaiid  feet.     l''rom  this  direction  the   ll.iiik  is  densely  wooded. 

As  seen  liroad  otV  I'loiii  seaward,  it  shows  as  a  coiiipaialivcly  low  rocky  point  rising'  i:i|iiilly 
towards  the  iioilh  in  a  ridj^e  six  hiiiidred  feet  hi;;li  n  half  a  mile,  witli  a  paiticnlailv  -idirii 
ocean  front,  very  prt'cipilous,  and  marked  li\  a  few  tiees.  A  grassy  ridye  alvo  starts  lii.in  :hc 
point  and  runs  to  the  northeast  for  half  a  mile  to  the  same  hei};lit,  and  Is  then  covered  uuh 
t  rees. 

There  have  liecii  no  sollmliM^^s  iininediatel.\  otf  the  cape.  Init   the  ;:eo;rraphical  reconnajs>.ii 

of  IH.V't  shous  siMeeii  lathoms  of  water  at   an  estimated   distance  of  a  mile  from  Nliore,  ainl  liir 

indications  at   llniiler's  Cove  show   ten    falhonis  and  o\er  at  half  a  mile  oil, sjiore.     It  is  ,il i 

'wche  miles  insjile  the  usual  coiir.sc  of  the  lai;;er  steamships  ;   Imt  the  smaller  steamers  keep  i-lnsc 


under  these  shores  to  avoid  the  strong;  northwest  winds  of  summer. 

The  ;;fo;:rap!iical  position  of  the  Coast  and  (ieodetic  Siirvt'y  Ntiition  on  the  siiminil  ol 
first  pilch  of  the  cape  is  : 

I.aii  iiilr J-i'  I'.r  :ir.    nnrili. 


III.' 


I.iiiiyitn.lr  . 
Or.   ill  tinii' 


I'Jt 


•J.l      ..-        Hisl. 

IT'"  i:i-,',i 


The  iiia;;iictic  variation  was  lif  IS'  east  cm  .laniiaiy  I,   ISS.'i,  wiih  an  annual  increase  of  I   .'. 
From  Cape  Scliastiaii  we  have  the  following;  lieariii^'s  and  distances  to  importaiil  oliiciis: 


(':l|ii'    M.niilirillil    I.i:;llllinllMC S.    '.'11         K 

liiiiiir- 1;.'.  I,  oil  ciii.- Min.icM  ill,. s.  i«     i: 

I'liiiil  Siiiiit  <ii'i 

.Saint   (m'iiI;;i's 

Mark's    Anil.. 


rU'- 

{.•.■r  l.i>;lit 

llllIlM' 

.s. 

.s. 

:!:i 
•>', 

s. 

'J'.' 

i: 
w 
w 

a<l 

\ 

•-'i; 

Kii^'iii'  Kn.'i  n 

poll    Dllolil    III 

Cai.c  ( nil. Ill    l,i;;lil-li..ii-ir    N.   ;!ii     \V 

rc.\  IJiM-k,  >i.nlli«isi  .vlniiiiu   111"  (trl'iiiil   Href \.  :!-     \V. 


Il:l  lililr^.. 

tl:l  lllllrs. 

Xii  null's. 

:'.0  lllllrs. 

li  null's. 

■*  til  Id!  niil.M. 

'J.'i     injli's. 
:'.!(   inili<. 


Ill' 


The  name  Schaslian  was  applied  to  tliis  cape  l>y   the  1'.  S.  Coast  Siiivey  in  l'Sli',1. 


mi 


% 


CAPE  SEBASTIAN  TO   PORT  ORKORD. 

C((/*c  Sfhiislid)). — There  is  a  Miiil.tn  xnk  one  mile  iioilhwest  half  north  (NW.  .1  N.i  liniii  :lir 
western  point  of  Cape  .Sdiaslian.  Jl  lies  hail  a  mile  olf  shore,  hut  the  depth  of  water  iii'ini  ii  i~ 
not  known. 

Ilinilir's  Ciirr. —  rmlertlu'  sniithcin  |iail  of<'ape  Scliastian  there  is  an  indentation  <il  liir 
coastline   fur  li.df  a    mile  to   llic   nm  I  lieasi  ward,  and  directly  in  the  face  of  this  co\c  i.s  ,i  l,iii:i', 

rocky.  Mat  lo|ip('d  islet,  called  lliinlei"s  Island,  nearly  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  in  extent  ami  risiii;, 

hiindred  and  si\l,\  feet  alii)\c  ilie  s"a.  Il  lies  one  tpiai  Icr  of  a  mile  Hinitheast  ity  sontli  |.si;  li\  .-^.j 
froin  the  cape,  and  its  inner  side  is  one  third  ol  a  mile  from  the  shore.  When  seen  I'loiii  .-.c.iu  ml 
the  steep  cliiVs  inside  of  it  rise  liioh  and  look  j;iay  and  washed,  with  hrifihter,  luokeii  liilN.  .mil 
trees  liehind  tliciii.     Still  farther  in  ;ire  higher,  tree  clad  mountains. 

This  Islet  has  no  deep  water  close  to  it,  as  the  oilier  islets  in  this  section  of  the  coast  iis;i,i!i\ 
lia\c.  hut  the  three  fathom  line  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-live  \ards  outside  of  il,  ami  on  iin' 
inside  a  hiuad.  s.iinly  shoal,  with  only  leu  feet  of  water  ii|ion  it,  reaches  to  the  shore.  CliKr  i:  i''i  r 
the  southeast  side  of  the  rock  there  is  a  deplli  of  lour  falhonis  of  water  over  dark-^iax  saip! 

The  co\,' proper  is  Itetween  the  cape  ami  this  islet,  Init  the  three  fathom  line  is  one  Iht  'I 
yards  from  either  shore,  and   the  entrance  to  the  cove  is  rcdui-ed  to  three  hnmlred   vaiiK.  li  i^  hl' 


f-4 


I'AflKIi;    (;«IA.ST    1'll.OT. 


3<;!i 


liM' I  iilinins  (tf  wattT  ill  till'  iiiiildlf.  Tlic  covt'  jh  roiitrmitpd  insido  tlu'  ciitriiiu'e  by  tin- time 
I.iiIp  II  liiii-  <<tiiiiiiK  <»"•  •'""'  liuiiilii'il  jards  frnin  hIkhc,  fxiifpt  tdwiiids  tlu'  soiillifust  pint  i»f  tin- 
iMjii .  A  \t'sst'l  iiiii.v  aiM'liDi'  ill  tiii'ct'  and  a  lialf  lathiiins,  witli  tin-  i'a|ir  lifai'iii<;  \vi>st  l),v  Kiiiitli 
,\\.l\  S.),  dJHtaiit  otii' lil'tli  III' a  iiiilc,  and  the  iiiiit'i'  imI;;i>  ot'  lliiiili'i's  l>laiid  licariii);  smitli  1>\ 
c.isi  li.ill  iM^I  (•"''•  I'.v  !•;.  \  I''-.),  dislaiil  iiiif  i|iiait('r  of  a  iiiilc  Tin'ioaii'  siuthin  nicks  two  liiiiidifd 
ami  lilt,*  jards  to  tln'  rast  soiitlifast  of  tlu-  aiiclioiat;i<  willi  loiirtccii  IVft  of  water,  and  one  is 
usii.;.  Mt  cxtn'tiii'  low  tides. 

ilii>  ceilaiiilv  seems  to  lie  a  very  diiii;j:er!>iis  [ilaer  and  entirely  ini|iraetiealile  lor  ii  Haiiiii;,' 
M"-M  '■  I'loiii  tlie  eliai'l  it  ajijieais  as  if  an  ei|iiall\  sliclteicd  ani'liiiia;;<>  nil;;lil  \w  liad  close  under 
the  .oiiilieast  side  of  lliiiitei's  Island,  where  the  water  is  deeper  and  where  tliere  also  appears  to 
lie  II  "I I'  iiioni  to  ;;et  under  way. 

II. ill  a  mile  outside  tl ve  the  depth  of  u  iter  is  twulve  fiithuiiiH,  Imt  the  Inittoin  i.s  irrc(;iilar 

iiiil  ii'(  ky.     There  is  no  kelp  about  this  cove. 

\  I'liait  of  this  eove  was  published  in  IST^, 

//// //'K/cd/)/!//. — OIJ'  the  eoa.>t  from  the  Clielko  Hiver  to  Cajie  Seliastiaii  the  liydroKra]iliie, 
,111  M,  lias  bei'ii  done  in  part.  The  three  fathom  fiiixc  is  close  iimler  the  mcky  ell  lis;  the  t  weiitv  - 
i.ii.iiiiii  iiirve  averages  less  than  a  mile  from  kIioic,  and  all  the  rocky  islets  are  inside  this  depth. 

So depths  olV  Cape  l''errelo  lia\e  already  been  };i\ en.     On  a  south  course  from  that  cape 

.11 mile  till-  depth  is  twenty  two  fathoms  over  line  dark  ^;iay  sand  ;  at  two  iiiih  s  it  is  twenty- 

M'M'ii  hillioins;  at  tlirei;  miles,  t  weiity  ei;;lit  lathoms  over  daik  i^iay  sand;  at  four  miles,  tliiit\- 
two  l.iiiioiiis  over  line  dark-^ray  sand  ;  at  live  miles,  thirty  seven  fathoms  oxer  dark  sand  and  bine 
iiiimI.  .mil  at  six  miles,  forty  one  fatlKMiis  over  blue  mud.  Kastward  of  this  line,  towarils  the 
(  iirjKii  .\nclioraKe.  the  soiiiidin^s  arc  less  at  the  same  distances.  In  a  southwest  direction  fiom 
iIk  i.i|ie  the  soundings  iiierease  more  rapidly.  The  depth  al  one  mile  is  tweiit\  ei^ht  fathoms; 
.11  !>V'>  miles,  thirtylive  fatlioms,  liotlom  hard  sand  and  rock;  at  three  miles,  forlythree  fathoms 
nvi  I    line  mud  and  line  ;;ray  sand,  and  at  four  miles  forty  nine  fatlinins  over  blue  mud. 

(Ill  .M.ick's  Keefoii  a  southwest  course  the  depths  iiicicas"  still  more  rapidly.  .\i  one  mile 
liiiiii  ihe  Arch  Ibick  the  tieplli  is  twenty  nine  lathoms  over  line  dark-^'ray  sand;  al  two  miles, 
Imii\  sr\eu  fathoins  over  blue  iniid;  at  three  mile.s,  sixty  liithonis,  and  at  four  miles  sixty  foiii 
III! s  ii\"r  blue  and  ^reeii  mud. 

.\s  at  the  Winchiik,  so  along  the  shore  from  (.'lietko  Hiver  to  Mack's  Keef,  a  strong;  shore- 
mi:!  lit  has  been  experienced  riiniiiiif;  to  the  northwest. 

Iliiiitir's  ('»•(•« A. —I'onr  miles  southward  ol  Itofjue  Hiver,  and  therefore  two  miles  northward  of 
(  .ipi'  .Sciiastian,  there  is  a  small  stream  named  lliintrr's  Creek  cinptyiii;;  inio  the  sea ;  and  wi!  are 
iiilniined  that  "about  two  and  a  half  miles  olV  this  creek  there  arc  two  hnal.s  which  show  only  in 
iiiii;;li  Miiitherly  weather,"  but  no  bcariii;;  whatever  is  stated. 

I  here  are  three  rinililf  rmhs  otV  Hunter's  Creek.  The  outer  one  is  the  middle  one  and  is  two- 
li:ili-  III  a  mile  oil' shore,  three  and  two  thirds  miles  noitli  by  west  two  thirds  west  (N.  by  W.  ij  W.) 
ii"iii('ape  .Sebastian.  It  is  inside  the  bearing;  of  the  norlh  point  of  Ko-iue  Kiver  entrance  finin 
I  .i|,e  .Sehastiaii.  The  mouth  of  this  Creek  is  four  miles  north  by  «est  (N.  by  W.)  from  Caiie 
."^ilM-tiaii. 

TllK    KOIJfK    inVF.It. 

We  have  no  detailed  survi'ys  of  this  river.  The  inoiith  of  the  river  is  six  miles  north  eifihteeii 
cli-i.es  west  (X.  1S>\V.)  from  Cape  Sebastian,  and  the  shore  is  nearly  straijiht,  with  a  sli-ht. 
nrr-.Mon  to  (he  eastward.  The  western  jiart  of  the  north  head  of  ltoj;iie  Kiver  is  nearly  seven 
iiiili>  iiiirlh  twenty  dejirees  west  (N.  '_'ll  \V.)  from  Cape  Sebastian,  and  nearly  on  a  line  to  Ilii'ii 
■■II.  Mountain.  This  north  head  ri.ses  to  seven  hundred  feet  elevation  at  one.and  foiirtifths  miles 
ii'iiili  of  the  mouth.  When  a  ves.sel  is  well  out  at  sea  the  position  of  l{in.Mie  Itivcr  Valley  can 
iiiiilily  be  determined  by  the  marked  deiuession  in  the  coast  rant;e.  <>n  the  north  and  south  of 
"■>lieH>  it  breaks  thronnrii  these  moiintains  they  ri.se  aliove  twenty  five  hundred  feet,  and  the  stream 
iin-  lliioiiyh  deep  cafioii  like  valleys.      Wlu-n  a  ves.sel  is  do.se  under  the  shore,  two  or  three  white 

' -es  are  .seen  on  the  .south  point  of  the  entraiiee.     To  the  northward  of  the  river  loiij;-.  brow  n, 

.;i:i>s  covered  hills  run  north  for  three  miles,  with  a  few  trees  on  the  lidtre  and  a  few  patches  of 
III' -ton  the  Hank.  liehiml  this  ridi^e  and  lif;ccii  or  twenty  mih's  inland  there  is  a  very  hi;;h 
iii'-eof  motintains,  dark  and  faint  blue,  but  not  crested  with  trees. 

I'lie  enlr.iiict!  to  I.'omuc  Kiscr  is  in  latitude  4-'  U.V  north,  and  loiii;''"'!''  '-•  -'»'  west,  boil i 
•i|'|'io\iinately  close. 

17241   V  (■ -21 


III! 


\ 


f! 


m 


I      ■! 


Up 


370 


I'Acii'U'  coAsr  ni.iir. 


!     1 


iri 


u:,j^ 


TIio  olianncl  to  nogiic  Itivcr  is  vims  ii.iiniw,  wiili  n  tlciiili  id"  milj  lour  or  live  feci  orwin,,  i,,, 
tlioliiir;  at  (In- tiiiif  of  tlit>  l.isl  ir|Miil  tli<-  iliicciicui  ot'  llx'  I'liiiiiiicl  out  vviiitls  wa.s  iioriliwi  .i  j,^ 
iiortli  (NNV.  I>y  N.),  iir  tlosf  iiiiiU'r  lilt'  norllnrii  slinrc.  'I'lim'  is  a  .small  .sicaiii  iii;r  'laliim.  ,|  ,,i 
lk<>{;ii('  KiMT,  ami  two  small  scow  srhonmiH  ply  hctwccii  that  river  ami  San  I'laiiciM-n, 

'I'lir  riitraiK'i'  JM'S  liftsM-fli  \\\i>  lull;,',  ii.iM'nw  saiiil  I II II Ills;  tlir  one  iin  llii'  .soillli  siilr  Is  iilir  iml, 
lonu,  aiiil  ni.iKi's  mit  Imiii  (In-  scawanl  loni  oT  ilif  wimilctl  hills.  'I'lic  inic  un  tlic  nm  ih  ..|,|r  |« 
tlii't't'  i|iiart)'is  III'  a  milt'  Imi;;  ami  makes  <iiil  Hum  I  lit-  liij;li,  ;;i'ass\  hi  II,  liaif  til'  lii't's,  a  in  I  iimii  '  |m 
tim-  tliiiiiN,iinl  I't'i't  t'K'val  Kill.  'I'luTf  aif  two  l.iiyt'  mt'ks  ntV  i(s  scawanl  liasc.  'I'licif  \\,i>  ,i  |  ,|  ,, 
uliiti'  liHiiM- at  till' stiiillit'iii  t'lmt  til'  tins  hill  ami  tii'iii  tlif  rivi-r  liaiik  that  was  a  (,'imiiI  laiiilinnl,. 
Tlu'  riMT  lit'iwffii  ilif  sami  spits  is  M'ly  ftiiiirat'ti'il,  lull  insiilc  it  cxpamls  tti  a  wi>lili  oi' iin,,, 
i|iiart»'is  til'  a  milf.  Wlifii  pnssiii;;  t'lnsr  in  it  in  Hit'  Kt'i>;.'rapliit'al  H't'iinniiissancc  of  l.s.".;i,  in  |,|,„| 
t-ratt'  miiiliwt'sl  wi'aliu'i.  tlif  Sfa  was  lirrakin;,'  lit-avilv  acrnss  t'lf  liar;  Iml  in  ISTI  il  w.is  ifp.Miiil 
til  havi' an  iimisiially  simmtli  liai'  unlt'ss  a  lifa\_\  swtil  was  stlliii^  in.  Tlif  avfia;,'t'  ilfpili  i,\ 
waltT  I'tir  Hm'  mill's  iiisiilc  tin'  cntranit'  is  aliiinl  lil'Iccii  t'fcl,  w  illi  ot't'asitinal  rapiils;  Hit-  tulf  i>  >;i„| 
to  iiiakt'  up  .ilitiiii  six  milt's, 

Vfssi  Is  lioiiml  li.r  tilt'  livtT  in  siiiiimiT.  Ilii-  only  timt'  wlit'n  it  is  ptissililc  tn  fiilt  r  il.wnik  |i. 
tlm  mnlliwaiil  tliisc  ninlri'  llif  slinii'  t'lcmi  rt'lican  Ita.N .  kt'i'pin;;  clfar  ol'  tlif  tlaiinfis  aliiM.|\ 
lU'.sci'ilifil.     .M'ttT  passiii;;  Cipf  Sflia>liaii  tlit<  fn.isl  lint' is  clt'ar  t<i  l{ii;;iif  l!i\fr. 

(Ml  tlif  soiilli  .sliiiri'  i>r  llif  I'ivt'i,  ami  aliniii  lliri'f  ipiailfis  of  a  milf  iiisiilf  tin-  intnitli,  |ir>  |||. 
villa;;!' til'  I',llfiislini;;li,  willi  a  pnpiikiliiui  dl  Iwn  Ininili'til  or  lliiff  liMiiilrtil  pfupif.  TIhic  i,  ,, 
lar;;i'faniit'r\  lifif,  ami  t'Mfiisivi'  salimui  lisliciifs.  A  lar;;f  sawmill,  naiiifil  (iammtui's,  was  i'>i,i!i 
lisliftl  hfif  liir  fiiiiiii;;  llif  .su;:ar  piiif  wliif li  alinumls  up  tin-  river.  Nmm'iiiiisdaiis  and  si,„l, 
raiiflifs  art'  Icpiiml  almi;;  tin-  rivtT  \  alley. 

.\  fo.istiii;;  ^tfa r  t'urmtrls    ran  tn  tliis  |ilaif   ami  finssftl  the  liar  liy  raii;,'es  dthlaik  ;niii 

white  lialls  slmw  n  t'lum  the  iiisidf,  ami  a  si;:  mil  lla;;  frnm  llif  can  iifiy  whfii  I  hf  title  was  lasdi.ilili . 

It   was   t\ I  tli.r    llif  liar  tilttii  sliit'lftl   in   ptisilittii  aii.i  fhan;;t'tl   in  ilfptli  ;   llif  stioii- t n; 

see  iiis  III  flit  it  auay   M'ly  easily.     This  sle.imfi   tlifw  MVtn  I't'ct  winii  li;;lit  ami  fi;;hl   fffi  wlini 

Inaiiftl,  anil  alwa.\  s  passt  il  liu-  hai  hiiIn  al  liiuli  w  alf  i  ami  w  lit- n  llif  .sfa  w  ,is  simmll "  ;ii,     Hn 

m.isiiT  it'piiMiil  Iliat    thiif  was  nsnallx    hut   niif  liifaker  mi   thf  liar,  ami  a  ileplli  ni   iiiifin  ;,, 
eiyiift'fU  Iff!  iii>itlt'.      I  If  hail  eiile  red  t)\er  t  hilly  liims  up  to  1>>77. 

Ill  l.ssT  Ihf  ttiastin;;  slf.inif  I  Tlii.sllv  re^ulail.N  fiitiTetl  thf  I  ivf  r  withniil  ifjrard  to  tin  c  ..ml: 
'ions  til' thf  wfatlif  iiliiiiii;;  tlif  slimmer. 

In  the  spiiiii:  111'  1  s.'iii  ihf  pihit  liuat  /•V(///.«/(i_/r  eiileretl  the  rivei- ami,  liein;;  al  laekeil  li.\  iin 
Iniliaiis,  was  tlf.>filftl.  plnmlf it'tl,  and  Ininietl.  The  iiexl  \es.sel  that  enteretl  was  the  seiinoiiri 
■S'rtHi.  /i'"//(  iV.f.  in  .lul\  111' the  same  .\ear;  she  ;;iit  (iiil   sal'tly. 

In  l><."ii>  I.ifiilf  ii.iin  !Mf  Ailhur  ifpnrtftl  thai  tlifii'  was  a  tleplh  t  if  ten  leet  mi  the  liai.  lui:  ilii; 
the  fliannel  was  tun  ii.iirnw  Inr  sailiiiy  \fssfls  tn  turn  in.  lie  tlitl  nnt  enter  the  rixfi  :  in  laii  In- 
traek  is  lain  ilnw  n  nulside  Ihe  I!ii.:;uf  Ttivfr   Itif  f. 

lllfven  milfs  wfst  li\  hniilii  (NV.  li\  S.)  I'mm  thf  mtiiilh  til' Kn^iie  Uiver  La  I'f rniisf  ;;i\i-  .i 
Nimmliiig  nrfi;rlity  l.iilimiis  mi  li.s  diarl. 

I!(i;;ne  Itivtr  li-fs  mif  hiindiii'  milfs  In  Ihf  easiwaitl  ami  has  iiiimertin.>  liranehes  in  the 
briiatl.  elevatetl  iil.iteaii  nnrlli  nl'  Ihf  !sisklytiii  Mminlains,  lis  liiimtaiifs  ifatli  I'lmn  the  I  iiipi|iiuii 
till  the  iimth  In  tin'  Kl.iiiial h  tin  tiie  smith,  ami  east  In  the  Caseaile  ltan;,'e.  it  lireaks  lliiuu-li 
the  enast  iaii;:e  almiit  tin  miles  iimtli  tif  its  mmitli,  ami  this  lireak  tlnwn  nftlie  inmintaiiiN  i~  > 
tleeitletl  t'fatni'e  whfii  a  \f>vil  isnlVlhis  pail  nl'thf  enast. 

The  name  nl'  the  1  i\  tr  was  sn;i;;fstfil  in  ls."i|  hy  thf  tlishmifst  prnpf  iisilics  nf  Ihf  ii,iti\i  -  :, 
its  vifinil.x ,  liiit  llif  Iim'.I, Ills  lia\f  Imi;:;  sniff  liffii  tlfs|in_\  etl.  Thf  Indians  al  thf  imniili  ihli.; 
tliemsfhis  the  N'nsii  II  laiiii.e.  and  tlmsf  Just  alinxf  tlif  liimith  Wfii-  the  Tnn  tnn  Ian  lu  1 1  ' 
smne  eharts  ami  maps  the  :i\fr  has  hecii  e.ilietl  the  Tmitminis,  ami  the  'I'nn  Inn  iiitna  nr  Ki.nin:. 
TelieiikiilV  has  the  livfr  (Iniimlf  in  lalilmle  I'J  "'_"  and  ei;:lil  miles  smilli  nl  his  Inealimi  f|  tin 
reef.  ((Iniimlf  is  imt  a  IJiissian  wmtl.)  He  li.is  nn  nllier  stream  heiiee  In  the  Oil'mtl  Ui;;hi.  in:" 
whieli  iipeiis  the  river  Titiiiia.nr  I'.lk  lli\t'r. 

l.(tl:<  lliiltrn. — Six  amlnne  third  iinles  iimlli  seveiit  \  fmir  i|f;;refSfast  (N.  71  I'LjIrmn  theiu'iiitli 
of  lJti;;ne  Kiverare  sieii  the  Lake  Unites,  wliifli  reaeli  thirly-eijilit  hiiiiilre«l  mul  (illy  leet  elf\.iti'iii. 
and  are  therefiie  \isilile  at  a  tlistaiiee  nf  seveiilx  miles. 

Frnm  Ihe  mniitli  nf  Jniirne  l.'i\t'i-  In  ("ape  ( )irmtl  Li^lit  the  heariiij;  is  north  tLirtylhrce  di  ^mv^ 
west  (N.  M  '  \V.),  ami  the  tlistaiiee  twenty  si\  miles. 


I 


* 


w 


m 


-1b^;iirf 


,..-'•> 


•^•fm^mm'^' 


Rogae  Biver  Keef.  N.  by  W.,  10  miles. 


L^ JU-  .^-^JiL.^^1 ! 


I{n._'u.  River  Reef  NE.  l.y  N.,  lOmilPS. 


»  u  j»i»--'x 


■'.*U»— .<»* ' 


.-.  ^-^ 


!\ 


>»^ 


.«**»*' 


«»r  '"*** 


'mr^&as^Xl^t*-    =^iE3CS^SiK^ 


RoKHc  River  Reef.  K.NE.  3  mileH. 


RoRiiP  Hivtr,  North,  8  milei.     (t9ft3.) 


ae's-" 


Needle  Kock.  KoRue  River  Rwf. 
il.oiit  H.-,  fnct  hisli.    NE.  I)y  ¥...'i  milrH. 


„..-  .•1''™*,^ 


I 


■■-1  .'ti  i  iJfP  J  I  I."  m^f^'t^^fpm.BJimv^m 


m 


vl  i 


^f  « 


i 


1  A 

i  ;'■ 

ifr      ; 

M'% 

r  ■' 

1 

(1' ; 

ii 

l':| 


11 


m' 


I 


ri 

. ' 

i  ,■  ■■ 

t 


'fof. 

null' 


'N. 


>.•»«••>■•»..     ■«*.*.. 


rACIFK*    COAST    I'lLor. 


371 


i;();,Mic  Kivrr  \v;is  (liscovi'icd  li,v  Sir  I'raiicis  I -rake  in  I'lTit;  it  wuh  iiiuiii'd  El  IJio  do  lo8  Totlos 
S,ui!o>  1)11  llic  iiiitiius('ii[it  cliait  ol   iMiilli'.v. 

Tin;  KornK  kivku  ui'kf. 

I  he  M>ck\  islets  loiiiiiii;;  this  iccf  arc  not  so  lari^c  and  i'()tis|)iciioiis  as  tlioso  of  tlio  Drafjon 
l.'iH  l>-i  nr  I  he  ( >il((i(l  Ki'i  I';  ami  llir\  iiiii  iii'irc  iicail\  |iaiall(l  u  itli  tlic  coast  I  inc. 

riiis  (lan;;cioiis  reel'  li;is  not  Net  liccri  caiclnlly  cxatnincd.  and  linMi'loic  tlic  dcsci'i|itioii  must 

i^saiil.N  lie  ;;cncial.     W'c  passed  it  in  iss,").  w  hen  <mi  I  hi'  nsnal  steam  ship  couise  and  the  weather 

iiti;  iM.iahle.  Theie  aic  I  wo  ;;'-oii  ps  ol  loelis.  'I'lie  outei  ami  Minthel'n  one  lies  west  lialf  Iiol'tll 
\\  N.I.  alioiit  lonr  mih's  lioni  the  mil  III  head  ol'  Ko^nc  Itiver,  and  stieteiies  northward  .some- 
rtl  i!  ii.ir.illel  with  the  coast  tor  llirce  miles,  w  liere  a  ;:ap  oeeiiis  lietweeii  tlicni  and  the  inner 
irhHip  l.vini;  a  mile  and  a  hall'  olVshoie,  OlV  this  inner  }:ionp  lie  several  d.iiij;i'ioiis  siinkiMi  rockH, 
uh'i  li  niiisl  lie  shai|il,v  watciicd  iVom  aloft   when  the  sea  is  not  heavy  emiii;;h  to  Ineak  upon. 

I  he  channel  thr<iii;;'li  this  reef  is  pcijiaps  a  iiiile  wnle.  I>iit  appears  more  dangerous  than  any 
nil  ilic  coaMl.  In  l.">.">'>  we  passcii  lhioiiL;li  ll  on  the  smvcNiiii;  >tcamer  with  a  look unt  in  the  foie- 
i(i|..  1)111  it  lias  never  liccn  used  liy  the  coastini;  steaincis,  allhoiiuh  il  woiiM  lie  a  ;,'icat  advaniajiu 
!.i  !  iii'jii  if  tlie.\  could  an  tliroii;;h  it  in  hca\  v  mn  ihw  est  wi-ai  her  w  hen  wot  k inn  up  close  iind'  r  tho 
v|:..ii'.     On  the  rcconnaissaiiee  sheet  of  iS,"i;;  a  depth  oi'  4'i;;iiieen  fathoms  is  ^^ivcn  in  this  channel. 

A^  seen  from  the  soiithw.ird,  the  inside  roi-k  of  ihe  outer  t;roiip  shows  a  pcrpemliciiiar  lacis 
.,i>i\t.iid,  and  sloping;  to  the  w<'st.  Oil  the  main  ri'ck,\  Islet,  wlii(!h  is  estimated  alioiit  one  hun- 
.li,  i!  led  liinh  and  one  hundred  feet  liase,  lint  spreadin;;  out  to  a  much  greater  lireadth  close  to 
ll..  u.iier,  there  is  an  ei;;lit\  feet  needle  of  icick  which  shuts  on  the  soniherii  ed;rc  when  il  is  ii 
III  ■\r  past  the  licani.  '!  his  isolated  needle  rock  (or  perhaps  a  hioad,  llat  rock  seen  ed;;e  on)  stands 
iMii  uhcn  the  islet  hears  northeast  liy  east  and  conlinncs  siparalcil  iinlil  il  is  pa^t  the  heariii;;' uf 
1. 1^1  northea.st.  When  thiN  principal  rocky  islet  hears  iioiiheasi  by  cast  (NIC.  by  I^.),  it  appears 
iiiiilci  a  near  monntair  cre.-.|ed  with  trees  and  i;iillied  on  iIjc  southwest  .side,  with  the  loiij;  j;rassy 
ihLc  reach  i  II  j;  ill  Iron  I  of  il  from  the  noil  h  point  of  l.'oj^ii"  i;i\er  cnli;iiice.  Ontsiileof  this  hi^li- 
i^t  i^lct.  a  (piarlcr  of  a  mile  to  the  west  or  west  norihwcsl,  is  a  jaL:;;cd  mass  of  lock,  twenty  feet 
lii;:ii  and  one  linndrid  and  lifly  feet  in  exleiit.  which  had  sea  lions  np<  a  it  :  and  then  half  a  mile 
i.iniie  mile  to  Ihe  west-north wc.st  or  northwest  by  west,  llieie  are  tvo  \ery  low,  nuly  patches  of 
till  k.  three  to  (he  feet  above  water  and  lifly  feet  iiiexlciit.  I'licreis  no  break  outside  of  this  last 
\i>ilile  led;;e;  and  w«>  passed  witliin  three  i|uar1ers  of  a  niileol  I!.  Il  is  reported  that  there  is  a  (.'Oli- 
.slanl  break  about  westsonlhwest  from  the  <'iitiance  to  ihci.  .i,tliiin;:li  I  he  distance  is  not  },'iveii; 
lint  Ms  far  back  as  l.Stl'.t  this  danger  was  reported  \\\  (a  plain  Met /^jaf  to  lie  son  I  h  by  east  (S.  oy  !•;.) 
!iip|ii  the  lar^tcst  rock  of  the  reef,  and  we.st  soiithwcsl  i  \VS\\  .)  Innii  Ihe  inoiilh  ol  the  river.  Other 
liiciiks  show  only  in  hca\  \  or  soiilhciiy  wfalhci.  'riieic  Is  reptU'ted  to  be  a  depth  of  ten  fathoms 
oM'i  sandy  bottom  at  twd  miles  broad  oll'the  inonlli  of  the  river,  and  the  anchor  holds  well  and 
IS  iini  easily  w  fi;,died. 

The  following;  liearint,'s  and  distances  locate  ihe  li'o.Ljue  IJiver  IJeef: 

l-'roMl  Sllllll    (;.'iir;;r'.s  jiirl'  l.iylll  l  Nnltli\Vi>l  Sial   Ivoi'K  I  nil  till' lilMJ 

tci  ClllirOrl'.ilil   l.l«lll N.  •-'(',  \V.  ;!!•  lIlilCH. 

rrnmrnit  Orliprcl  111  u(l    S.  'Jv! "  K.  \'>  iiiilrH. 

l>..in  I'.'N  lliiik  illii'Miii(iMhi-.|  iimU  111'  111.-  Hilirt.l  It.'ifi H.  ;),V  K.  l.-J  iiiiK'.s. 

'Ihe  Indian  liaiiie  of  the  Konue  Klver  iJeef  |s  I'  kl-lis.e. 

/i'"'/H('  liivif  lti(J'. —  The  reconnaissance  siirxcy  of  bSS.s  all'ords  the  followiti;^  data  about  tins 

licl  : 

The  principal  rock,  which  is  that  one  havinj;  the  needle  alotic;side  of  it,  is  seven  and  tlireo- 
i|iMrlcis  miles  north  thirtyseven  decrees  west  iN.  M'"  W .)  fioin  Cape  Scbasilaii,  and  twenty  three 
.iiiil  Ihiee  <piarleis  miles  south  tweiit_\  einht  decrees  east  (S.  Ll.S~  11.)  (rom  Cape  Orford  laj,dit -house. 

The  outrr  rei'f  <'oiisists  of  an  irre};iilar  cinsleiof  lift  ecu  or  moie  \  Isltih-  and  sunken  rocks  t'xtend- 
iiiu' from  abn'ast  the  motitli  of  jfoc^ne  IJivcr  for  three  miles  iioithwcslward.  The  noithwestcru 
jiiMit  of  the  reef  is  composed  of  visible  and  sunken  Kicks;  the  soulheasterii  limit  of  sunken  rocks. 
I'lie  icef  has  a  ;jeneral  northwest  by  noilli  and  southeast  by  scailh  trend  ;  it  Is  three  miles  ionyr  and 
.ihoiil  one  mile  wide,  ,ind  liesaboul  three  ind  a  (piaiter  miles  olV  Ihe  shore.  The  noithwcsterumost 
ii.ck  Is  \isible,  and  olVtlie  .soulheasleiii  end  is  a  \ei\  danticiuii;.  sunken  roc  k  which  lies  three  miles 
s' mil  thirly  two  de;;rccs  cisl  from  the  lornier.  This.-iinkeii  danger  is  lulls  one  mile  soulh  of  the 
siiiiiiioast  i»art  of  the  reef  and  twd  ami  two  thirds  miles  olf  the  south  point  o'' IJoguo  Kiver 


\  ' 


372 


rAcinc  coAsr  rii,oT. 


'r,' 


U0'   M 


ciitrancp  and  nearly  altroast  of  it.     It  is  reported  that  tliere  is  still  another  sunken  roek  somcu  ii.ii 
further  to  llie  sontliw -nl. 

Tlie  breadtli  of  tlir  reef  is  one  and  one  third  miles,  and  the  innorniost  roeks  are  one  and  on. 
third  miles  from  the  short-.  The  sontheasti-rn  nek  nearest  the  shore  is  sunken,  hut  onlv  oin' 
«iuurler  of  .1  mile  from  the  visilih'  roeks. 

Thii  iiiiitr  rt'i'f  eouiintMiees  two  tliirds  of  a  mile  northwest  from  the  north  i»oiiit  of  Iln-u, 
Kivei',  at  only  half  a  mile  from  shore,  with  siiiikcii  mcks;  thence  the  shore-  trends  to  tin-  unrili  \<\ 
west,  and  the  wi'storn  i'dj.'e  of  tiie  reef  runs  four  and  a  half  miles  northwest  li.v  uortii  one  tluni 
north  (NW.  liv  N.  ;\  N.)  to  the  farthest  siinlien  rocks,  which  lie  nearly  two  miles  fioni  nIuhc  ;iiii| 
are  half  a  mile  from  the  nearest  visilOe  rock  inside.  The  .MinthiTU  jiart  of  the  inner  leef  is  tinp 
fore  tlr.ee  and  one  lift li  miles  north  l>y  east  oneijiiarter  east  (N.  Ity  K.  J  IC.)  from  the  nortliwoti  1  n 
point  of  the  outer  reef. 

The  /i'(i;;,'((  liirrr  ]itt/  CUinimi  lies  lietween  theonter  and  the  inner  reefs;  its  ^'cneral  direcin.ii 
is  northwest  half  north  (NW.  A  N.),  and  its  lenj^tli  three  and  a  half  nnles,  of  which  the  soiitln  in 
I)ait,one  and  a  half  miles  lon;j;.  has  a  width  of  four  lifths  of  a  mile.  The  southern  enliaiicc  in 
this  narrow  ]i,irt  of  the  cli;iiinel  is  one  and  a  half  mil's  west  by  nt)rth  from  llu-  nionlh  of  Itoj^ne  l!i\i  1. 

Sveilh  L'lirk. —  fhiee  of  the  nx'ky  islets  of  the  lioj;ue  Uiver  Heef  are  of  consideralile  size  ;iii<l 
height.  The  larj;est,  with  the  hi;,di  needle  on  the  southern  side,  is  one  hnntlred  and  twenty  1. 1 1 
above  the  sea,  and  bears  uoitli  seventy-seven  de;,'rees  west  (N.  77 ^  \V.)  three-  ami  one  third  miles 
from  tin-  month  of  Uo^itie  Uiver.  This  rock  is  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the  {^loup.  Ihnililc  1,'inl.  i> 
sixtv  live  feet  high  and  bears  mirth  seventy-nine  de;,'rees  west  (X.  79''  \V.),  distant  three  ami  li\. 
ei;,'htlis  miles  from  the  month  of  the  river,  ami  I'linimul  Um!,,  lifty  feet  iu};h,  bears  nmHi  seveiii\ 
four  dejirees  west  (N.  7P  W.),  distant  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the  river.  The  rest  of  the  rm  1,^ 
and  r;uii:t'  from  twentv-live  feet  in  heiKht  to  barely  awash  at  hi-di  water.    Tin 


are  nuich  smal 


outermost  or  nurtliwesieiii  rock  is  about  ten  f'-et  abo\e  the  sea,  and  bears  north  sexeniyiw.. 
degrees  west  (N.  7"J  '  W.)  four  and  a  half  miles  from  the  mouth  of  tne  river.  The  most  danj;-eii.n> 
of  the  xiiiiliii  rorl.s  is  one  which  bears  south  sixty  dej;rees  west  (S.  <MP  \V.),  distant  three  iiiilr> 
from  the  river  and  disiauT  two  and  a  third  miles  south  sixteen  dej;rees  east  (S.  UP  K.)  Irom  tin 


irgest,  or  >ee( 


Ih-  1: 


The  sea  breaks  ujion  this  danger  oidy  at  low  water  when  tlieie 


lieavv  swell  rMiinini. 


It 


noticed  dniing-  the  survey  that  largt-  steamers,  hiiggin;;  close  to  tin- 
coast  durin;;  siiniij;  1101   ..west  winds,  often  passed  \t'ry  close  to  this  break,  if  not  a<'tiially  iiimiN' 
of  it.     It  IS  therefore  a  (Mustion  whether  a  w hist liiij;  buoy  might  not  be  placed  hen-,     lint  11   ; 
reported  that  there  is  still  another  danger  farther  to  the  south,  niH>n  which  the  swell  breaks  vi  i\ 
rarely. 

The  small  coasting  steamers  sometimes  use  the  h'ogut-  Jiiver  lU-ef  Channel.  It  is  said  ii 
carry  nine  fathoms  ot  water  over  rijcky  bottom,  but  until  a  hyduigraphie  survey  is  made  it  will  lie 
well  for  the  large  steamers  to  avoid  it.     (Thi  ■  snivey  is  to  be  made  in  l.H.S't.) 

.Xnrtliirui'l /nun  litii/iie  /I'/ci  c  the  coast  i  lii;:li,  rocky,  and  compact.  The  mountains  are  hi;.'li, 
irregular,  dark,  and  cnvered  with  cliajiarral.     .\  lew  miles  northwanl  ol  the  Rogue  Itivcr  eiiiiam c 


til 


e  *-oast    moiintaiiis  aic  inaikei 


a  decided  bit-ak-down  ;  this  is  doiibtleH.s  oceasiuiu-d 


l\     II; 


jiassage  of  the  lloi^iie  Kiver  coming  from  the  east  northt-ast  through  the  range. 

Alioiit  three  i|nailers  of  a  mile  f-.oiii  the  Hogiu-  Kixer  mouth  the  shore  eommeiices  to 
bordered  by  many  mcks.  which  ciadnally  recede  from  the  land,  although  there  an-  very  maiiv  el' 
under  the  rocky  clills  for  four  and  a  half  nines,  when  it  becomes  eoiii]iaratively  free  for  four  ain 
half  miles  more  to  Ukah  Creek  and  nearly  a  milt-  beyond.  The  generi'l  trend  of  the  shoic 
fhe.se  niiu-  miles  is  north  half  west.  Thence  the  shore  sweeps  in  irregular  trends  for  eleven  ,. 
to  I'oit  Orhjrd.  It  isiough,  formed  by  high  rocky  elitls,  and  borderetl  by  hundreds  of  large  a 
small  roeks. 

Tl.e  distance  to  th(>  W(-stern  point  of  Port  Orford  is  nineteen  mih-s,  and  the  bearing  no 


thirty  (Hie  de;:ri 
miles  to  the  ea 


-t   (N.  .IP  \V.);  iiiil   til 


ist-iine 


tak 


lonj. 


curving  swing  about  !• 


-Iward  of  this  course,     I'roiii   the  month  of  the  river  to  Island  Rock,  oil'  lliiiiii 
Mountain,  the  distance  is  loiiiteen  and  a  half  iniles,  and  the  iiearing  north  twenty-eight  de;;i 


.t  (N-. 


\V, 


The    Inner   lloj;iie   RiNcr  ii'eef  and  other  roeks  skii  t  the  rocky  shore  line  r 


five  miles,  and  thence  tor  four  iniles  the  coast  is  not  so  high  and  is  comparatively  free  fnuii  dan; 
For  these  nine  iniles  iVom  llo'^ne  llixcr  the  coast  line  is  xcry  nt-arly  straight  on  a  north  coi 
Then  it  bends  out  in  the  nnitlavevt  a^  lar  as  Cape  Orlurd  for  eighteen  miles,  with  the  s 
irregularity  at  Ihiinlnig  Mountain,  and  tiie  huge  indentation  at  I'ortOilonl. 


;# 

',(5^; 


li.ll 


I    \'\ 

lllli 

I'll 
tl  I  II 


timi 
1(1  II 

(■   In 
\  CI  . 

'IiihI 

r.ri 

lilies 

II  I.     1  ^ 

1MII\  • 


ill, 
r-l\Ml 

i'niii> 

lllllr, 
II  Ihc 
('  l,>  ,1 

II  llir 
ll.«iiilc 

ii  i- 

1  Vll\ 

till  I" 

III  !>.' 


I 


lilliri' 

i\   the 

til  Im' 
Cio-r 

:ili<i  .: 
V    I. 'I 


L'  illl.l 

iiiii  ;h 
t  I'liiii 

tllllllL' 
-|r,> 
IC    lol 

l^'I'l-. 

nil  •' 
.Sill. ill 


!**:-iyi 


"-ri»..-^-«v 


'"•^" HH.. 


■♦'V 


•mmmmmmmmBim 


Uj_l^|^jl^^^™j4rJ^fe^lj^L___.ew«[ggggMI 


■■r-*TMiiiiiHi 


Sr..- 


•.r*,.,4 


Koj;ii<>  kivi-r  Reef,  E8K.,  4^  milon 


/' 


S«^  v.     ^  '  . 


:.>^a»«. 


_;_:    .  ^^^g^^a^^-^..;-:^-■>-^.>: 


■fcvii 'i-<(:i,i 


!fgr«^flj^BiWaPMgi< 


fg^a-^'^gp; 


Huiiibufi,  MonntHin  (wooded),  1,877  feet.    Inland  Km  k,  4  inilpfi  Southeast  of  Port  Orford  ll.ml.  E8K.  1:4  niiIt>H,l>04  feet. 


?^fflK^3KSi;i^  ;.3r  r^&i'Ssif  .^^ 


^-y '     ■'*•_ 


•  «;i»:^,,.^_^-- 


^:ir&*~^ 


,nu;..-Jf-r^l_ 


^^^^^;::!:^^>r»^!s^;^aJigjA 


'*-i»*  ',^'"' 


Kluoqueh  Koek. 


Ten  Hrford  Homl.NK  J  K., '.4  miles. 


va^^^^JELi  iTV    -JlinJP^^ 


Kocks  in  Kant  |i»rl  (irimrlior. 


'.tn.-^' 


ill' 


IFIT 


I'i: 

luttliti^ 

pH 

1 

1     ■ 

WiM 

!  J 

I'Acikk;  coast  i'ii.ot. 


873 


//.,//(   ('ml;.— Iw  tilt"  di't'iM'si   ])iii'|   of  till-   l.iulii    tlinr  is  ii  siiiall  . stream  ciillcd  TUali  Cn-i'U 


I'lih  1 1 


III'  till'  SCI 


Oil  some  (if  the  iriaps  it   is  imIIiiI  Sa\  a;;f  ( 'iccii.     It  liiis  ii  \('i\  sliint  coii 


rsf, 


Ni-s  MtiitlK'ast  of  I'ilol  Ktiol).     'I'lif  hiiliaiis  n|ii)ii  it  writ-  tin'  I'  kjli  I, in  n 


I  liis  >iiiall  stn-ain  i-iii|iti('s  into  tlic  octiin   in  lititiulc   IL'' 


iioitli  ami  loii"itmlc  l-'l    L'l.'';' 


u,,;.     it  has  a  Marrow  imnilli  opfniii;,'  to  I  lir  not tliwcst,  and  lias  a  lai';;c  layoon  inside  swellinK 
III   ill  M  :illieasl\vard. 

Soiilli  ol   tlie  niontli  llie  sliore  is  i'(ini|iaiati\  elv  licar  ;  to  tlie  innlli  the  incKs  eniiinienee  in  a 
i.::',   mure  tliiui  lialf  a  mile.     Two  miles  direetl.v  np  llie  lower  valley  and  e;isl  of  the  ninntli  lliere 


1»  ,1  ilinll 


ntiiin  I'linrteeii  hundred  feet  h 
i|'  |\Milt\  two  hundred  feet. 


Tnmi  milesliehind  this  the  nioiintaiiis  reach  an  elevation 


\liin^'  this  poitioi'  of  tin ast   llie  de|illi  of  water  is  (liirt\  fathoms  at  one  mile  fnini  shore. 

II  Miiiii.y  weather  the.  shori^  can  not  lie  made  out  in  detail  from  llu>  sieamcrs,  lint  the  mnnntalns, 
\lih  Ii  icaeli  three  Jliousand  feet  elevation,  alVord  (.'ood  lamlmaiks. 

/■//(  Sistrrs, — The  lirst  of  two  somewhat  piiimiiicnt  piiiicetiniis  in  this  slmre  line  !--  Ilic  Sistei's, 
(h  ill  lire  ten  and  a  half  miles  north   tiftecn  dc;^ices  \m'>|  |N.  |.'i  '  W .]  troiii  K'o^iU'  IJIvcrand  niiu^ 


■  I  I  halt' miles  soiitli  forts  nine  dci 


ast 


!i     i:.)  fmm  r.iri  OiIumI  Head.     The  Sisters  an 


till..    iii( 


kv  islets  that  lie  ncail  v  iioi  i  h  and  MHilh  of  each  other  in  a  space  < it'  one  mile     The  nnrlli 


•  III  .iiid  larp'st  one,  three  hnndrcd  and  til'l,\  \anls  in  extent  and  I'nnr  hiiiidrcd  and  ti\e  leet  lii^h, 
liiH  .  Iiive  by  a  lii^rh,  rock  pointed  elitf.     This  dill  is  i  wo  liiiiiijrcd  and  >i\t,\  li\  e  feet  lii;jli. 

The  second  one  is  two  hundred  yards  sunlli  of  llie  larj:e.-.|,  t  wo  hundred  feet  lii;ih.  ami 
milv  line  liuudre<l  and  lifty  \ards  across.  The  ontermi)>t  i--lei  is  onl.\  (i\e  fci  aliovethe  watei-.  one 
liiiiiilrcd  and  tifly.vards  Imij,' east  and  west,  and  six  huiidred  yardssonth  of  the  second  islet.  Tliero 
,i|i|'rars  to  lie  a  small  eo\c  and  moderately  smooth  ualei' niidcr  the  sunt  li  side  of  the  jioint,  and 


It  1^  protected  li.\  the  lar;:c>t  islet,  Init  has  sunken 


•it    islet   forms  a   small  cove  there,  but  tin-  shore  i- 


it.     On  the  III  Mill  side  of  the  jioint  ihe 
ick\  ami   ;t  is 


(lnnlillnl  if  there  is  aiiv 


Ii-IHl:! 
Il --ani 


there.     'I'wo  miles  east  wardiv  from  the  Sisters  the  nniuntains  rise  to  an  elevation  of  two 


I  leet. 


\biiiit  one  and  a  half  nnlos  northward  of  the  Sisters' Cnxc  and  twd  miles  south  of  Ilumbup; 
\li  iiiilain  there  is  reported  il  sinj;nlar  and  noticeable  roekv  head  jiili  iii.u' out  fiom  the  slioie.  The 
Miinard  face  is  very   steep  and   is  estimated  to  beo\er  two  hundred  and  lifly  feet  in  hei^dit.     It 


iwii  as  the  LooUmit  Vi'oc/.-,  but  the  Indian  i   iuie  is  N 


o-'-i'isa. 


UlMHIi;  MOI  MAIN. 


When  within  four  miles  of  the  western  jioint  of  Port  Orford,  tlieeoast  is  very  rocky,  hijili.  and 
jiri'i  ipilous;  so  iniicli  so  that  the  coast-trail  has  to  j^o  I'ar  into  the  interior.  In  twii  thirds  of  a 
mile  the  rise  i.s  eii;hteen  hundred  and  seventy  seven  feet  to  the  sninmit  of  Ilumbii;;  .Mountain,  a 


il.ibic  ]ieak   used   as  a   landmark,   but    oecaslonallv 


■  skeil  in  the  lia/e  with  hiuher  monniains 


licliiiid  it.  It  is  a  remarkably  re,i,nilar  conical  inounlaiu,  scxeiitceii  hundred  ami  ninety  feel  liiy:h. 
Il  li.i.s  a  sharp,  liif;!',  rocky  «'lilT'  point  lor  its  westerninost  cNtension.  oil'  which  lie  Island  IJock 
.Hill  us  needh-  at  a  distance  of  one  and  a  (piaiter  miles  to  the  sinitheast  half  south. 

fill!  seaward  and  south  faces  of  the  mountain  are  covered  w  ilh  bushes,  fciii.  and  {jrass,  and 
iiii  liees;  the  mirth  side  is  pine  covered,  and  this  is  a  very  marked  feature,  as  thereare  none  othors 
like  it  in  the  vicinity.     It  is  well  madeontby  vessels  north  of  ('ajie  Orford. 

ilehind  this  mountain  and  halfway  iiiiiud  its  base  there  is  a  moderate  stream  of  water  which 
11(11  ly  I'uts  throu^'h  to  the  <icean  one  mile  southeast  ol  the  mount. lin,  and  then  .sweeps  in  a  re;,Milar 
SI  iiiicircle  round  to  the  nortii  and  west,  and  empties  one  inih;  northwestward  of  the  jioint.  This 
|^  lliush  ('reek. 

I'loni  the  month  of  I'.i'iish  Creek  the  coast  is  rocky,  lii^h,  and  wild  to  Port  Orford. 

Ihe  west  ]ioint  of  Iliimbn^  Moiiniain  istitieeii  and  a  nuarter  mib's  north  twenty-three  dcirreen 
"est  (N.L'.'P  W.)  fniin  IJo^'Ue  IJiver;  and  soiilh  lifty  eij;hf  dej^rces  t'asi  (S.  .">.S-^  K.)  from  Port 
II  inid  Head.     Tho  uppro.viinato  t;eot;niphical  jiosition  of  the  mountain  is: 

l.iiiiliule l-J      li>i   iimlli. 


Ililile 


Vi\     ','."4 


It  bears  south  fifty  dejirees  east  (S.  ."lOo  V..).  distant  eleven  miles,  from  Cape  Orford  Li},'ht,  the 
.lie  jiassini,'  over  the  land  well  to  the  eastward  of  Pmt  Orford   Head. 

In  l.S.')^  thi.sni()Uiitaiii  wa.s  known  a.s  iMoiini  Franklin  ;  the  linhaii  name  is  Me'tus. 


■^1 


it    I 


1 


II 


■J*V 


I 


I 


^m^ 


371 


rAill'lc    COAST    PlI.oT. 


fl 


iti.\  f.ti 


k 


Isliiinl  li'iiih. —  At  line  iiinl  tmc  (|iiiMtci  iiiilcs  olV  llic  sciiwaid  fare  of  lliinil)!!;;  Alouiitiiii)  li.  .  ,i 
liarnii,  rncUs  islet,  iliicr  lniiulrcil  Mini  lill\  xmkIs  in  ex  I  nil  anil  li.siii;;  I\m>  linnilircl  iiiiil  ,si\l\  i,  n 
feel  aliiiN  I' till'  si'a.  It  lias  a  ^nit'ial  \m'iI;:i' sliapc  iinitli  iioilliwvsl  ami  miiiiIi  sniitlirasl,  will  i 
niDilt'iatrlv  liiiii/.iHital  Miiiiniit  liiii'.     i'lcisc  iiimIit  I  lie  noi'tliwrst  |i<iinl  of  tliis  islrl  tlini'  is  a  mm  il' 

ncfilic  iiifk  lisiiij:'  (>;ic  liiiinliccl  ami   (ifiylivc  Irct   altoM'  tin'  sra.      Dfcp  water  is  ie|Mirleil  ain I 

III  llie  lecunniiissami'  .slieet  ,L:i\es  iliiity  live  ratlimn.s  jnsi  tn  Hie  sDiilliwanl.     Tin  i, 


■K 


is  a  sale  |ias>ai;e  iiisiile  ul'  llniii. 

Aiiiiiml  ilie  nnilliwest  liase  of  llnniliii,';  Mniinlaiu  llnws  I'liiisli  (reeU,  wliii'li  opens  itn  a  i>>;ij. 
iiainiw,  low  watei'  Ixaeii. 

Tlir.    l.AMU'Al.l.   dl'    ni.or  KNull.  III!    llAI.li    IT.AK'. 

Tins   nioiiiitaiii.  t\veiit\-ei,ulil    liumlieil   ami    lil'lN  lee     lii'^li,  is  only  tliivc  miles  in   I'ldin     im 

Ili'aresl   .slidic.      It  IS   Idmleeii  ami  (iiielliilil   miles  sniilii   sixty  lliice  ile;,'iees  east  (S.  (i.'i     l'',.)i 

("ape  Oi  Idiil  l.iulit  Iniiise.  twt-nlyoiie  miles  mil 'Il  nine  ilej^rees  west  (N.!l     W.)  riitin   Oapc  Seli.i-. 
tiitn,  ami  I'mii'  ami  a  i|uartei'  miles  east  liall'  noitli  {K.  .\  N.)  tVom  lluinltu;,'  Muuiitaiii. 


The  appinxiinate  ;;e();;rapliieal  position  iit'  tlie  imiiintaiii  is: 


I. aim 
1.. 


•f.'     ;.;•      Ill  '  iinrll 


IK    I 


Itlllll) l','l       •Jl'i     H.»l. 

It  is  ]iart  III' a  imuiiitaiii  niasswiiieli  shows  as  a  notalile  ]ieak  rioin  llie  noitliwest  iif  Ci 
Oii'oiil.  Iioiii  wliii'li  il  hears  south  sixl\  iwii  ile;,'rees  east  (S.  «il'  I'l.),  dislanl  loniteeii  anil  a  li. 
miles.  This  iiiiuinlain  raiiut-  is  a  ^Meal,  almost  iinpassatile.  liarilei'  l_\  in;;  lielweeii  l>'o;;ne  i;i\ei  r 
the  ('oi|iiille  ;  ami  I  he  w  alei  coium's  llow  in;.;  into  the  j'aeilie  lietwceii  these  two  livers  ale  -  i. 
ami  small.  A  \essel  eomnm  Ironi  the  noilli,  when  tar  lieyomi  Cape  Oifiiiil,  sees  the  !!alil  I'l. 
as  a  (loiilile  )ieak  alio\eall  the  imiiieiliate  iiiouiiiains.  These  peaks  ;;iailiially  open,  ami  tin. li 
when  south  of  the  cape,  tlieie  ale  tliiee  llal.  pM.iniiilal  peaks  of  nearly  the  same  hei;;lil.  The  1 1 
llatter  ami  Western  jiiaks  aie  wcMiiled  on  I  he  iioi  ill  .slopes  ;  the  easlein  is  liahl  i'eak  ami  i- 
wooileil.  We  h.ive  seen  it  in  the  early  imnniii;;'  w  hen  o\ef  litti'en  miles  to  the  iiorl Invest  of  (  if  r 
Oifonl.  \\'liiii  till'  cape  hears  south  siNt>  i'oiir  ileurees  east  iS.  <il°  1'..)  tlie  two  tops  of  l;.iM 
Peak  show  as  one  ami  aiiimsl  in  iaii^;ewilli  it;  ami  when  it  hears  iiortli  forty  <U';,'ri'e>  i  .i-; 
(  N.  Ill  I',,  I  the  e.islei  11  viiiijiiiii  of  I  la  hi  I'eak  appe.iis  as  t  lie  hi;:liest  )  mint  of  a  hold,  ra^;;eil  nil.  • 
start  in;,' from  the  hnakilown  i'"iiiiliately  helnnil  lliiinliiiu' Moiiniain. 

liahl  I'e.ik  is  tliiee  tlioiisaml  ami  lifly-six  feel  ahovc  the  sea,  anil  shoiihl  he  seoii  at  a  (li.st.iiicc 
of  sixty  two  miles.  Il  shoiihl  he  vi.vihle  tlolii  a  \  e.ssel  when  llji  with  till)  ^>l)|•lll^VCSl  tieal  lioi  K.  u; 
when  alilea>t  of  <  ape  <"ile;;ory. 

TliL'  Imliaii  name  of  the  moiinlaiii  is  Cliiissii;,'-;;el, 

Pdl.'T   (iltliiKl). 

Apiiioailiiiii,'  I'oii  Oil'onl  fiiiiii  the  southeast  waril,  vessels  have  no  (lilliculty  in  inakiii;;  ii  in' 
in  char  weather,  hoih  lioiii  ilie  la  ml  marks  on  the  ma  in  la  ml  ami  the  lii;;li  islets  of  the  ( Mford  l.i .  I, 
when  I  hey  ale  nearly  up  with  ir.  I'liil  w  hen  a  \  essel  is  hi  I  ween  Mack's  ,\rch  ami  llie  ItoMjue  \',"  • ! 
Ileif.  ami  till  miles  olf  .•^lioic.  the  lailhist  l.iml  seen  to  the  noithwaril  is  mil  Port  Orforil  Ih  i  I 
nor  (ape  <  >iforil,  hut  a  llai  loppeil  hill  apiiaieiill_\  mi  the  coast  he\oiiil  the  latter.  I'oil  ( Irfoiii  l^ 
therefore   well    umler   the   lami    insiile  of  this  extelisii 


If  il  vessel  is  heatiii;,'  up  the  coast  -\ir 
shoiihl  make  short  tacks  after  passiii;;  the  Saint  ( leorue's  Ilcef ;  she  can  run  well  umler  the  l.i;i'l 
ex<'e]it  near  the  l.'o;:ue  l!i\er  loef,  lifteeii  miles  south  of  Port  <  )ifoiil.  111  this  way  she  avoiiN  llir 
lar;:e  west  imi  iliw  est  swell  ami  Ilie  jiossihilily  of  fo;,'s ;  the!  depth  of  water  is  ;,'ood  even  clie-r  t" 
the  Island  Kock,  lour  miles  soiitheasl  froin  Port  ( )rford.  and  the  other  islets  lietwceii  it  and  lie  i' 
t'hora;;e. 

\\'liiii  the  co.ist  steamers  are  ahout  se\en  miles  off  shore,  hound  northward,  the  top  n'  :!■ 
rid;.'!'  riiiiniii;;  to  the  east  from  Port  Oifonl  Head  .shows  a  marked  depicssion  in  il,  as  is  iiulu  .i!<  <l 
h.v  tlie  |i'po;:rapliical  survey. 


In  thick 


atliera  \essel  will  not  approach  the  shore  closely  until  satislied  of  heiii;.'' no 


lto;,'ue  Itiver  Iteef,  and  then    Island    Pock,  alieaily  desci  ihed,  may   possihiy    he  picked   up,  m  iim 
li\i'  hi;:h  rocks  one  ami  Ihreeqiiai  leis  miles  north  hy  ea>l  half  east  (N.  hy  I',.  \  K.)  from  Island  li'm  l>. 


'/■//(■  /•'/(•(■  /.s7«/.s.— Hach 


I  one  of  this  ;;i'onpof  loeks  is  ipiile  siiial 


in  area,  luit  thev  ri.se  from  iiii.i  '\ 


six  to  one  hundred  uml  eii'htv  three  feet  ahove  the  , sea,  with  a  close  elimter  of  (sunken  rock 


i 


l'A(   II  It'     CUA.^I      I'll.lPl, 


Ml 


liiiiiiiii'il  Niinls  iiisiilc  llii>  lii.uliol  oiii'.  Tlif  wlmli'  ;.m'iiii|i  cuvrrs  Mi  aica  of  almiil  roiii'  liiiiiilrril  liy 
■  :,,,.  1 1 II  III  1 1  n  I  ,\  a  Ills,  a  III  I  lifs  iii>arl\  lour  liiitidrril  yaiils  olV  lli<-  stcfp  sliiirrs  lit-twri'ii  I'nrkv  I'liitit 
,1  (  .mI  I'diiil,  'riii'sr  lii;;li  locks  lit'  twii  ami  tnir  i|iiailt'r  iiillfs  siiiitli  (il'ly fi^;lit  ili';:rrf.s  cast 
S.  ->  I'..)  I'loiii  'riclicii'M's  Ji'dcU.  (itV  INiit  Oilinil  Head,  anil  two  ami  a  «|iiarli'r  miles  soiiili  lliirt.v- 
,  .111  ilcjii't'cs  cast  (S.  .'!s  i;,)  liiiiii  llic  aiicliora;;t'.  W'c  tin  not  \ct  know  w  licilicr  ilicit-  is  a  pas- 
.,.1   iM'iwccn  tliciii  ami  tin*  slmrc,  or  wliat  the  ilc|itli  ol'  walcr  is  almi;;  tlicir  western  sitlcs, 

liiiin  liie  l''ive  Islets  to  < 'oal    I'oiiit,  wliieli  I'tiinis  the  easierii  jiinji  ol   iliis  liarlior,  liie  licaiint; 
,  ii.  illi  iiair  ca^l     N.  .\  V..K  ami  the  ilistMllce  tine  anil  one  i|iiai'tel'  in  lies. 


Id  lii-imi's  liiii  I.,  tiiiiniii;;  I  he  si  mill  west  |iiiinl  of  the  harlini-,  is  a  narn 


>\  islei  two  hiimlrcil 


,11,1  liliy  V. mis  liinu' north  iiorlhwesi  ami  stnilh  sontlicast,  hy  almiii  lilis  \arils  w  iile  ami  ninety 
!,ii  liiuli'  It  lies  one  liiimlieil  ami  ,se\eiity  yai'ils  rroin  liie  cMieniity  ol'  roil  Oilonl  lleati,  lint 
•lirii'  IS  a  tieiitli  til'  live  r.illioms  in  the  |iassa;;e  lieUvceli,  ami  if  a  \essel  were  lorriil  to  run  this 
:,.iiiiir|  she  woiilil  have  water  cntin;;ii.  'I'hcre  is  a  ileptli  of  lil'leen  I'athoms  all  aronml  the  east, 
,.iiili,  iiiiil  wt'si  sides  of  this  rock. 

KliiiiijKi h  li'oil,. — 'i'liis  is  a  ;:oipi|  niaik  lor  the  approaches.  Inn  niore  pailiiiiiarl,\  when  coniiny; 
;i  limn  the  nortliwcst  tliri>ii;L:li  the  cliaiincl  licnvct'ii  llic  reel's.  I'  lies  sc\cn  ci^hllis  of  a  mile 
,  Mill   lirty-cit,'lil   tlfiirccs  west  (N..1S     W.)  lioin   'riclniioi's    Iliick.and    lieail,\  oiielhiiil  of  a   mile 


I   llir  II 


111 li west  lace  ol'  roll    Oiloiil  lie. id.      It    is   alioiil    one    hiniilrcil    and    Iwt'iilx   \aiils    ion; 


lir.isl  ami  sonlhwesl.  and  lilt\  or  si\i\  yards  wide.  It  is  lilaik,  s|i;;|ill.\  p\  lamidal.  and  rises 
:i  rstimated  lici;;lil  ol  lillN  or  sixty  leel.  This  lock  is  readily  made  tun  lioin  a  vessel  scvfi'al 
~  iiillsitle  the  <  )i  lord  li'i'd'. 

roilOiroiil  is  !)\  lar  the  licst  Slimmer  roail>teatl  on  the  coast  lietwcen  I'liint  Kcyes  and  the 
Hi  III'  I'nca.  ll  has  deep  water,  is  rcatlil.\  appliiaihcd  liolii  the  soiilliw.iid.  and  allords  fair 
imIioii  III  heavv  imrlhwcsl  w  imls.  In  winter  II  can  lie  ap|iroaclictl  only  in  lavoratilc  weather. 
iiiic  of  ci;:lil  laliionis  is  oiiis  hall'  a  mile  Iroiii  the  iioilh  a  ml  cast  shores  ami  conies  tpiile  close 
lie  west  shore,  riie  rnadsliad  is  toinicil  li\  ilie  lii;;h  shores  Iroiii  the  sontlicast wai'il  sweepiii}; 
1  Coal  I'oinl  lo  the  norlhwcsi  liy  west  lor  one  anil  three  qiiarlcrs  miles  to  the  deepest  jiarl  tif 
l>i;:iit  at  r>all!e  li'ock,  and  then  trcndin;;  In  the  soniliwi-si  hy  smiih  Imll'  .-oiiili  lor  one  mile  to 
south  piiini  of  'riihcnor's  K'ock  oil'  I'orl  Oitonl  Iliad,  In  this  sonihwcsiiin  sweep  of  the 
1- line  thecliirs  ii>e  almost  Nfilicalh  to  two  liiiiiilicil  ami   lil'lx  IccI,  ami  arc  \cr\  im;;(d  ami 


I'rom  'richcmn's  Iv'nck  to  Coal  I'oinl.  which  mav 


he  tlistance  is  two  miles  and   ll 


ic   ocarinu'  cxat 


le   conslilcrci 
llvcast.     This  1 


I    the   r.irlhcst  exlcnl    of  the 
ine  jiasscs  over  liom  siNlccn 


iilioiiis  of  water  near  the  mck  to  twehf  latlinins  in  llic  middle  of  the  hay,  ami  lo  six  f.iihoms 
iiliiii  oiiC'tpiartcr  of  a  mile  of  ( 'oal  I'oiiit,  'I'iic  extent  of  the  i  mien  tat  ion  to  the  northward  of  the 
:'•■  liclwt'cn  'I'icliciior's  llock  andCoal  roiiil  Is  one  mile.  The  deepest  water  is  close  iimler  the 
Jlsof  the  iiorthwfst  ■.iiore,  ilirce  fatlioins  licin;;  liatl  w  illiin  less  than  tuie  hniidrctl  yards  from 
h  ll  prujectiii},'  point.     On  the  north  ami  northeast  slmrcs  tlie  clilVs  are  not  so  stce|i  nor  so  lii^ih, 


I  here  is  a  lowwaler  saml   lieacli   almost   to  Coal    I'oinl.  olf  which  lie  inaiiv  small  n 


hut 


>rc  than  one  hnntlrcil  and  lifl\   \ards  from  shore,     ( )n  t 


IIS  nor 


III  and   iioithcast   shore  tlit^ 


•  i.iilioiii   line  lies  nearly  one  ipiarter  of  a  mi'        on  i  the  heaih  from  mar  liitilc  llmk  to  some, 
-  I  li!   rocks  lyiii;;'   li\'e-ei;;liths  of  a   mile  to  the  cast  mhii  hcasi  :  ihciice  to  Co.il   I'oiiit  the  three- 
iiliniii  line  is  one  lifili  of  a  mile  from  shore, 

I'")-!   (hf'oni  //((It/,— The  rocky  jioiiit    forinin^r  the  wt  stern  limit  t>f  the  Itay  iircsents  a  very 

ijui'd  ami  precipitous  out  line,  ami  liscs  to  the  hcij:lit  of  three  hiimlrctl  and  fifty  feet.     Its  snrfaco 

-'•vcrcil  with  ail  excellent  soil  ami  witi  a  sparse  ;;iowlli  of  pine.     This  point   is  known  as   I'ort 

'':'"id    Ilcutl,  ami   it    is  very  readily  made  oiu    I ly  a  vessel  coming'  from  the  northwest.     It   opens 

-'  "iiiside  Cape  Orfoiil  when  the  latter  hears  sontlicast,  Init  of  course  llie  hi.uhcr  lantl  lieytintl 

1  i  not  lie  mistaken  for  it. 

I'loiii  this  head  the  shore  Iiecoincs  ileprcsscd   to  alioiit  sixty  led  at    the  iiorthcrninosf  part  of 

'<"■  'My.  where  the  town  is  hicalcd.     The  hills  licliiml  arc  co\trctl  with  a  liiick  ;;rowth  of  pine  antl 

...l.ir." 

Ill  the  iiDrthernmost  jiart  of  the  liay.  alircasl  the  tt)wii.  is  lUilth  /oic.'.,  slrctchinji  out  as  a 
I  i.li,  iiaii'ow,  lilack  wed^e  from  the  steep  shores  hehiiitl  it.  This  is  a  fiiiide  in  makintr  the  iinine- 
'liilc  aiiflitiraj;c  when  a  vessel  is  untler  the  hiitl.  When  the  atmosphere  is  ha/.y  this  rock  stards 
"111  as  if  it  were  tlctaclicil  from  the  shore.  I'.ashvaitl  from  this  rock  the  stci-p  shore  is  skirtcil  liy 
11 -Hid  lieacli  for  one  ami  three  ijiiarlcis  miles  |o  Coal  roint.  .\linost  mitlway  in  this  distance 
tliiif  is  the  inttiitli  of  a  small  creek,  called    I  liililianrs  Creek,  whoso  hanks  are  coiniiosetl  of  a 


I 


i 


m 


' '  i 


m 


;i7G 


vAcii'ic  coA.sr  rii.oT. 


tlt'piisit  of  iiiiiiri'i'DMs  saihl  atiil  ^ravi'l.  'I'lit*  saiiii>  (li'pD.sil  is  ritiiiiil  in  t)ii>  clitl'^  at  tlii'  iiiiiiiili 
<!ii|il  lliiii.jiist  ca.st  III'  Itattif  HiM'k,  and  has  yiclilcil  as  lii^li  as  lliiit,\  ii>  loitv  ilnllars  ini  ilicn, 
oacli  iiiincr. 


77. 


I  iiiiihiiriuit'  in  this  hav  m  tisiial1,\  iiiaih*  in  si\  t'litlioiiis  of  watcc,  haiil,  saiiiiv  Imtt 


■•in,    ^^  nil 
Wf-I    nl 


I       I'Mil 


Itatllr  I'lirk   liiMiin^  ninth  ( N,).  ilislant  nni'tliiril  ol°  a  niili- :  thi-  tlrst   hi;:h  |>iijnt   to  tlir 
r.atlli'  i.'iirk  iM'aiiii;;  wi'st  nmlhwrsl  i  WN  W.),  tlistani  onr  ipiartiT  of  a  inili-,  anil  thi'  smilh 
nt'  'I'lrhrniii's  liiuU  heating;  soutliwi'st  (S\V,),  ilistaiit  tliior  iinaitns  nt'  a  niili-.     In  tins  |ii< 
Ihr  links  on  till'  «'il|:i'  of  the  thrro  l.ttlnnn  line  lie  halt'  a  mill'  tn  the  I'astuaiil. 

Siianni's  can  aiu'hor  a  liith>  to  Ihr   mnthwaril  nr  iHirtlu'iiHtwai'il  of  tliix  iiDsitJnn  ji 
latluMiis  III'  waii'i'. 

('iia>lrrs  I'lcMii  Iht'  siiiiili  in  siinninT  hoat  np  close  ,n  shoir.  I'min  tin' north svrsi  i|i,._\  r,.||||. 
thi'iiiii:li  ihr  Oirmil  l'assa;;i',  ki'rp.in>t  ontsulf  uf  Kloiii|ni'li  Kurk,  in  Inm-Ivi'  t'aihonis  iifwiiii'i.  iml 
roiiiiil  'I'll  lii'noi's  iliii'i^  as  rliisr  as  prmli'iit  in  lil'it'cn  rathmns.  At  a  iinailrr  uf  ;>  nnh-  nil  i:  il,, 
ilrplii  IS  t\M  iii\  laihiiiiis.  In  an  ni';;rnt  i'ini'r;;i'in'\  tht',\  ran  pass  iu'twccii  'rirhi'inn's  \U»l  m.i 
tlic  pnilit. 

In  \viiiti'r,  vi'sscis  iniist  aiirhor  I'ar  »'nini;;li  nut  to  hr  I'l-aily  to  put  to  sea  whrii  a  soiiiln  i  |,| 
conit's  lip;  anil  in  i-aso  ol"  ncri-ssit.v  they  may  si-rk  an  oiling;  tliron;;h  tlir  <>i't'oiil  l'assa;;i'. 

'I'hr  usual  laiiilin;;  is  Im'Ivm'imi  !>altli'  liork  ami  thr  hi^li  point  of  lork  clos*'  to  its  wrst  il.uiK. 
Somrliiiii's  a  lamliii;;  was  iinnlr  on  thr  lorky  lu'Mrh  a  i|iiai'tt'r  of  a  milr  WfstNMiril  of  l!attli'  li'm  i<  m 
till'  liiulil  whirr  a  ;,'iassv.  sloping;  liJiiiVniini's  to  till'  watiT.  In  ISS.'ia  whail' was  IniJll  out  iVoin  ili,> 
Mnll  to  twrhi- I'rrt  of  watrr  at  low  tiilr,  anil  a  road  was  riit  up  aliiii;;  the  liliilV  ami  riininiiiil 
Willi  ■nil' oi'tlir  stii'i'is  of  till' town.  Small  sailing;  vcssi'ls  lii- at  tlio  wharf  to  load  ami  liisili.i,  L:r. 
lint  slraiiifis  aiirliiir  a  short  distanri'  otV  it. 

A  saw  iiilli  has  lirrii  in  opnatioii  foi'  a  niimlirr  of  ,M'ars  alioiit  li\t>  niilrs  from  thr  {>  >i' 
liclwi'i'ii  Sikhs  iJiver  and  KIk  Cirt'k,  lint  it  was  movrd  in  ISST  to  near  tlu'  inontli  ol  Sikhs  I.'im  i, 
and  It  IS  inti'iidi'd  to  I'onin'it  it  with  I'mt  Oiloid  iiy  a  lailioad.  It  is  piinripally  di'Milnl  ii> 
maiiiil'ai'tiii  iiiu'  Ihr  rrlrlnalrd  I'orl  Oilord  rrilar  into  maikrlalilr  Inmiirr.  Salinon  I'rnm  SJIJi^ 
KiviT  and   thr   proilmts  uf    thr   nnmrroiis    stork  lanrhrs   in    Ihr  snrronndiii;;  ronnti'y   air   .il><> 

s)iip|i('il  from  1*011  Oilonl.     Thr  town  lian  inrirasnl  ronsidrralily  in  si/rand,  inrlndin;;  thr  | ]>:,■ 

in  till-  iminrdiatr  virinitv.  contains  a  |iopiilation  of  altonl   thicc  hnmlicd  and  lillv  to  fonr  liiiirl'     . 
Uiir  olthr  riiastiii;;  siraiiirrs  rails  hrir  rrj,'nlarl\  in  favoralilr  wratlirr. 

Thr  piiiiiaiy  astionomiral  .slation  ulthr  I'.  S.  Coast  and  (irodrlir  Survey,  ('staliiisiirtl  Ihp  n 
ls.")i.  is  nil  tlir  lop  ipf  thr  riil;:r  jusi  wrst  of  thr  low  n,  at    a  lici}r|it  of  twii  linndii'd  ami  si\i;,  i  «h 


Irrt  abiiv  I 


thr  sra  and  within  a   frw  \aiils  of  thr  almost   vertical  dill's  two  lift  lis  of  a  iiiil 


r    ui^t- 


.sinuliwrsl  fioiii  IJaltlr  liork.     Its  geo^iiaiihical  position  is: 

l,:i  111  Mill' IJ      II     -Jl   .7  iiiirlli, 


l-iillgitlldr 

Or,  in  tini'' 


l-,'! 


Wist. 


The  inagiietir  variation  was  l!t  '_'7'  rast  in  .laniiary,  ISS,"),  with  a  yearly  increase  of  1.1:  !■  : 
the  maximum  ofllir  easterly  variation  Ins  lirni  M'ly  iirarly  rrarhed. 

l''or  till'  iisr  of  naviuatnrs  wr  iiotr  the  };eoyra]>liiral  position  of  the  .secondary  asiiciiiriili;il 
station  of  IS."i:>.  which  was  in  front  of  the  town  jnst  north  of  IJattle  IJock,  and  within  lifly  nu-U  .iI 
thr  eil;;e  of  the  liliill,  as  follows: 


Latiliiilr.. 

I.iilij^iludr 

Or.  ill  tiiiii' 


I'i     W   •.'.- 


I  niirtl 


I'.M     -Js    i;i'     . 
si'  IT"'  iVJ".  S. 


Tiihs.—  Thv  t'onccti'd  Ksfalilishmeiit,  or  mean  interval  between  the  time  of  thr  in 
transit  and  thr  time  of  hij;h  water,  is  XI"  ii-'".  The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides  is  Imii 
ri^ihi  triiihs  Icrt ;  of  spriiij;  tides  live  and  ninetenth.s  feet,  and  of  nea]itidrs  thu'c  ami  si'\iii  ii 
Irrt.  Thr  mean  duration  of  the  ri.sc  i.s  ()''  17'",  of  the  fall  (!''  OS'",  and  of  the  .stand  (•'■  .'iir  . 
a\ria;;r  ilill'ririirr  hrtwerii  the  Corrected  i'^stahlislimeiit  of  the  a.  m.  and  p.  m.  tides  nl'llir 
day  is  I'  l'l'  fur  hi;;h  watrr,  and  (•''  Id'"  for  low  water.  The  dill'erenceN  when  the  moon's  iln 
tioii  is  urratrst  air  J'  IJ'"  and  1''  2S"'  resjiectivrly.  The  average  dill'eieneeH  in  licifiht  ol  llio-' 
es  air  our  iiiiil  lour  truths  I'ei't  lor  the  liiyli  waters,  and  two  and  fsix-teiiths  I'crt   fur  tin 


liii.i 


tid 

waters.  When  Ihr  moon's  derlination  is  {.'rratest,  these  dilVerences  are  two  and  three  teiiih-  I'l 
and  three  and  nine  truths  I'rrt  rrspri'tively.  The  a\rra}{e  dill'rrcnce  of  the  higher  liij;li  .mii 
lower  low  watcLs  of  the  same  day  is  .seven  and  one  tenth  feet,  and  wbeu  the  moon's  dechiKitim 


\i  V 


I'AciKH'  coAsi'  I'li.ur, 


377 


.iriiii'Ni,  I'itilit  aiiil  Iwod'iitliH  Irt'l,  'I'lii'  lii;^li)'i'  liiuli  wairr  in  ilir  twenty  liuir  lioiirs  iicriii's 
.'III  to''  ftl"  iil'li'i'  tlix  tnitiiii'H  ii|i|M'r  ti'itiisil  (nimiIIijiik)  ^vlini  tin-  iihium's  )|<'i'liiiatiiiii  is  iiotili; 
I  iiliMill  I''  <)."•"  Iirl'iiri'  mIicii  it  is  sniilll.  Tlir  lower  of  llie  li>w  Wiilels  (leciiis  iiImiii:  seven  liiMirn 
.  I  llie  lilf^liel'  lii;ili  WMlers.  The  (.Meate.st  oliserxeil  tlilleiehie  lietwcen  the  liiy:In'l'  lii^jll  anil 
Ml'  low  watei'N  of  one  (lav  was  II  I'eel. 

To  tiinl  llii>  liMH'  ami  liei;;|il  III'  every  title  tliiiiii^lioiit  Die  \ear  ennsnlt  Hie  I'aeilie  I'iile  Tallies 


i|l>lie.l  aiilliialh   ii\    till-  r.  S.  Ciiast    ail<l  <i lelie  Sill\e\.      I'" 


lliv  reipiirei 


!  till 


e    iilitaill    I'i'MIII 


Ih  lalije  till' time  ami  liei;;lit  al  Astnria:  ami  then  iVinii  the  ;;i\eii  time  of  lii;;li  water  .Hiilitraet 
;  l.i  ami  IVtMii  the  ;;iveii  liei;;lit  .xiiiiliaet  iiii' ami  .sixteiilhs  left  ;  I'liiin  the  ;;iven  time  "I  low  water 
iiUtract  1''  -!l"  ami  rrotii  the  liel(:ht  siilitraet  iiiie  tenth  ol'  a  t'liot. 

( )|ie  <>r  the  tIrawliai'Ks  to  the  tleM'lopmelit  of  the  eciiuitiv  aliiiilt  I'lM't  Ol'toiil  has  lieiMl  tlie 
!iii'iiit,\  III' llniliii;;  a  |iraelieaiiie  rnnl  theiieetoihe  inli'iini,  \\  here  ilie  mines  anil  ;:ra/iiii;  eiinntrv 
ti  >mI  a  larp>  tralllc.  In  this  \iniiit\  were  immense  forests  (if  the  lai';;est  ami  line>t  I'ort  Oilonl 
< '  'I  ir,  iina|i|iriiarlialile  in  i|iial{!  v  li.v  aiiv  on  the  Atlantie  eoast.  (ileal  ilesti  netion  in  these  forests 
1  1-.  oeeasioneil  ii\  liies.  Init  there  are  sill!  larye  areas  not  ,\el  ciil  or  Inirneil  over.  North  of  I'orl 
diloril  the  eonnlr.v  is  lieiii;.'  settleil  li\  .st(H;k-raisers  ;  ami  (^tl'orts  iiave  liecii  luaiU'  lo  .semi  to  market 
1  hue  samlstone  for  Imililiii);  iinrpost's. 

hiiriii;;  a  protraiteil  ami  hea\.v  ;,'aie  from  the  sniitiiwanl   in  htceinlier,  IS.-d,  when  we  were 
.    •   iMi|ieil  on  the  He, III,  sileli  a  terrilile  sea  roUeil  in  ihat  Mo  vessel  eolllil  have  lliliieli  it  out.     The 


sieamer  Sik  Hull  v\;is  iliiveii  iioilhwanl   to  Vanronver  Isjanil  ami  lost  i 


\u)  weeks  Ml  re;,'ainiii),' 


position;  ami  the  inaihsteinnei'  VnlnmUiit  hanlly   lielil  her  own  lor  many  liiiiu'.s  olf  the  Orfonl 


I 


I 


This  harbor  is  called  Indian  Hay  in  Teheiikotrs  .\tlas  of  (iiarls  of  ls|.s.     Me  has  es|ieeiaily 


.I'll    the    [slaiiil    lloek    ami    Klooiimh    li' 


litli  tliirtvei^hl  to  foitvlive  lalhoms  of  water 


iisiile  the  former.      Ills  text  does  not  mention  the  plaee. 

It  was  i-alled   I'^viii;;   llail>or  in  Is.'iO  hy    Me.Vrlhar.   who  anehoii'il  there  dnrin^  tiie  lirst 


oinaissanee  of  this  coast,     iini  i'  is  knovn  only  a.s  I'ort  Oil'onl  on  thi.><ci 


a.-l. 


/'((/)(•  Or/oitl  lUiilit. —  l''roin  the.-,  riiern  I'.xtieinity  of  i'ort  <  )i  lonl  Mead  to  the  south  western  most 
1 1.1  It  of  ("ape  Orford  tiie  dis|;nii'i'  is  sis  and  seven -ei;;  lit  lis  miles  ami  t  lie  lieai  in;;  north  I'oriv  (le;,'iei  s 
u(--l  (N.  10  '  NN'.).  The  shore  line  lielweeii  these  two  |points  is  a  Ion;;  cnrve  vvhiih  leeeiles  oviT 
llilie  ipiailers  of  a  mile  to  theeastw.nd  at  tiie  month  of  I'^lk  Ifiver.  Tiie  extreme  exleiit  of  the 
['■'il  OrCoid  Head  is  liarely  three  ipmrlers  if  amile,  w  lien  the  boid,  i-ocky  clitl's  ehaiip' to  a  liroad, 
liMise  sand  1>ea(!li  wliieh  reaches  to  llie  present   month  of  the  MIk  Itiver,  four  miles  distant.     The 


.rlU'l 


ral  features  of  the  shore  are  a  low,  terrace  like  I'lHiiiaiio 


■ally  twohnndud  feel  lii;;li,  vvilli 
a  ii  \v  trees  upon  that  part  sonlh  of  ]''.lk  Itiver,  and  covered  with  forests  north  of  it.  In  tlit^  details 
;lii  II'  is  ii  lar;;e  la;;oon,  cmplvin;;  liy  a  small  nioiilh.  Just  north  of  Toit  Orlonl  Head;  then  a 
11.11  row,  iiiiifoi  III  sand  i'iil;;e  one  and  a  half  miles  Ion;,'  and  risiii;;  to  one  hiindred  and  .sixty  feet 
ilrvalion.  It  starts  steeply  from  the  lieacli,  ami  is  coveied  with  j^rass,  fern,  sallal  liiishes,  and  a 
li'vv  piiio  trees.  I'lchind  tiiis  the  land  falls  rapidly  and  forms  la;;ooiis  and  tnaishes  which  lielon;; 
111  the  valley  of  the  I'"dk  Itiver.  The  seaward  face  of  this  rid^'c  is  so  steeii  that  in  places  it  breaks 
il.iu  II  and  tho  uncovered  parts  present  a  yellowish  apiiearance.  The  northern  I'xtremity  of  this 
i:ilL:e  is  si|iiaiely  cut  till' and  atl'onls  a  nolaiilc   landmark    to  tlio.-~e  acipiaintcd  with  the  locality. 


In   Ih' 


iiortliwi'stward  of  this  iiil;,'e  the  slio 


I'c  IS   vei  V 


low  and  is  marked  by  a  line  of  .saml  dunes 


fill  one  and  a  half  miles;  tliron;;h   this  valley  iniptics  the  I'.lk   Itiver.     ImiMcdiatcly  behind  the 

Theiiie  to  the  cape  the  bine  sandstone  clill's  are  neai ly  vertical, 


i.iiii 


1  dunes  arti  the  forest 


iMih  a  narrow  sand  beach  at  low  water.  The  i'lill's  are  about  one  liiimlred  and  titty  feet  hi;;li  and 
•  iMred  with  trees  to  the  cd;;c,  until  within  one  mile  of  the  cape  where  the  forest  iitircs  I'roiii  the 
'lioie.  Immediately  behind  the  cape  the  miriow  neck  of  land  breaks  down  and  is  very  roii;;h. 
Till'  face  of  the  cliil' exhibits  in  certain  lines  of  stiatilicatioii  \;ist.  nnmbers  of  marine  shells  in  tlie 
li.ii'd  sandstone. 

A7t  R/ccc— This  narrow  stream,  fordable  at  its  moiitli  at  low  tides  (ISol-lSS;!),  rises  in  the 
lianier  of  Iii;;li  mountains  beliiml  the  cape  and  Port  Orford,  but  towards  the  coasi  it  <'onies  for 
iiiili's  thruii;;h  broad  niarshcs  foiiiierly  covered  with  pine  and  white  cedar,  and  an  almost  iinpene- 
liable  :ul«r;;ro\vtli.  Tho  mouth  in  I.S(5",(  opened  only  two  and  a  <iiiarter  tidies  southeast  of  the 
'i|ie,  fir  niiiK  nortlivvestward  for  one  mile  close  under  the  lii;;li  clill's,  with  only  a  low,  narrow 
-iiiilsj  .  between  it  and  the  sea.  In  IH.'iI-","!.")  it  opened  one  mile  farther  to  the  southeastward, 
"hero  the  clitV  bejjjiiis  and  where  the  m)rlli  side  of  the  stream  was  under  the  gra.s.sy,  .sloiiin;,' 


.!£tt# 


878 


rAcii'K^  coAsp  ni.oT. 


liillsitlc.  It  must  <  VfiituallylMViik  Mii'dukIi  iijjaiii  iit  (lio  liiftt'rpla<!0.  All  inalorial  (Voiii  llic  hm  i 
is  canicil  by  tlic  littoral  oiinoiit  to  tlio  iiortliwcslwanl  ;  ami  tlio  t'orinatioii  ot°  llit>  Ion;;  saiul  iuhiu 
(rU'ailv  tlt'iiionslratrs  the  sanio  «'oiirsi>  of  inovciiii'iit. 

TluMiaiiif  til'  tills  riviT  on  Tt'lu'iiUoirs  «'liait  ot  1S4S  is  'j'itnna.  It  rcci'ivod  its  jucscnt  uauu- 
tVoni  the  scttlci's  wlicn  wo  v. ere  tluMO  in  IS.">1.  At  tlic  nioutli  of  tlic  lixcr  tlirrc  was  t'onntl  on  i  ic 
istli  ot"  May,  IStiO,  a  liotth',  nearly  buried  in  tlic  saml,  wliicli  containctl  a  nicinoraiiiliini  stalm;; 
tliat  it  liad  been  thrown  (Voin  tin' sti'iinicr  llrothtr  •fnuitlhaiu  in  latitnili'  1-^,  loii;;itn(1<-  IL'I  '  .'iii , 
on  tbe  '2'M  of  March  of  the  sann>  year,  tlu'  wind  at  the  time  bcin;;  strong;  from  the  south,  ll  liul 
traveled  noitliward  about  lifty  miles. 

The  Indiai>  iiamo  for  the  Port  t)rl'ord  11. -ad  is  Cliim  tai-ten  :  and  the  name  of  the  outlet  ol  the 
lake  behind  it  i.s  Mus-yee-;;i. 

CAPE  ORKORD.  OR  CAPE  BLANCO. 


it 


in 


of'  '" 


When  this  cane  was  eo\cretl  with  trees  its  outline  iiresented  a  ;;reat  similarity  to  that  of  I'mni 
('(Uiee|M'ion  ^allliou^h  tli<' latter  lias  no  trees  U|iiiu  it ).  when  it  was  iiiaile  from  the  noi  tliu  aid  oi 
southeast  waid.  the  more  esiieei;illy  as  the  neck  lieliind  it  is  broken  down,  and  then  there  are  im  iici-: 
fur  over  half  a  mile  inside  i):'>  neck.  Fartlnr  inland  aro  forests  of  |»ine  upon  {gradually  rising 
land.  Siiiee  th<'ei'ection  of  the  liu:htliouse,  Iiowt>ver.  all  the  trees  on  fheeape  have  been  deslrou'il. 
and  it  is  now  maile  from  seawaid  as  (|uite  a  small  mesa  of  four  hundred  yards  in  extent  and  ("n 
hundred  and  ei;:ht  feet  above  the  sea.  with  the  lower  neekof  one  hundred  ami  forty  feet  elexalimi 
to  the  eastward. 

Tht^  extremity  jjrojects  not  nnue  than  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  ^^cneral  eoasi  tivnil, 
nltlion;:h  it  is  the  westeiiimost  point  of  land  on  this  coast  until  we  reach  Cape  Avahi  in  l;iiiiihlc 
4s    1(1',  nearly  fourteen  miles  soatli  of  ("ape  !"latlery. 

When  luatle  from  the  nortliw:ird  the  (Mjie  ii  dly  h)oks  like  a  moderately  low,  blufl' shore  \>\i-\. 
the  more  especially  when  the  atniospliere  is  hazy  over  the  low  land  behind  it.  The  wcstein  faic 
is  three  )'i;;litlis  ot' a  mile  in  extent  north-iiorthwest  and  scuithsouthcast ;  and  tin;  neck  iiiiiiii'ili 
ately  behind  it  is  fiuir  liundred  yards  across.  For  tliree-ei;;liths  of  a  mile  from  the  base  ot' ilir 
«'ape  towards  the  west  northwest  the  rocks  are  veiy  thick.  Kiom  one  mile  west  half  soutii  (W.  I 
S.)  to  t>iic  and  a  ipiartcr  miles  southwest  by  .south  (SW.  by  S.)  lie  the  dan,i;('rs  of  tli(!  I'daiico  Kccf. 
lietween  the  r.laiic(!  Iteef  iiml  the  Oit'ord   Uecf  lies  the  tmc  mile  wide  (lassa^^c  iiaiiie(l  tlu'  Oilni.i 


Channel.    The  Orfiud   Keef  lie; 


an  extended  eluster  of  rocks  and  dan^cis  from  three  iiiilr 


soutliwcsf  bv  south  (."sW.  by  S.I  fiom  the  li;;htlioiis(>  round  to  four  and  a  half  miles  soutli  (."<. 


from  the  same  point.     T 


icsc  reefs  and  pass:i 


Th- 


award   face  of  tl 


bet 


le  cape  is  a  stecj)  cii 


ween  them  are  described  in  detail  further  on. 
If  of  two  hiimlred   feet  elevation.     In  dilfc  rent 


years  and  in  dilVereiit  st-asons  its  aspect  varies.  In  Octolicr,  1SS.">,  we  found  nearly  all  (he  .soul  in  i 
half  of  the  cape  bri;;lit  in  the  afternoon  sun.  In  May,  IS,S(!,  there  were  very  few  patches  of  iiuii 
Color  around  its  tace.  but  at  other  times  it  has  appeareil  bii^jht  tliroii;;h  all  the  phases  from  wliiii> 
or  yellow  to  dark  ;.'ray.  These  phases  depend  npmi  tin-  amount  of  vep'tatitui  ^^rowiii;;  tui  tlic  sic. 
sides  of  the  cape  and  on  the  siiiili;j:ht  sliiniii;,'  upon  it. 


Close  under  the  souti 


li  I'll     Sll 


le  of  the  neck   there   ri.ses  a   lar;;t',  lii;rh,  sin;;le   rock   aboiii 


handled  yards  Iroiii  the  beach. 

As  seen  broadly  from  seaward  the  c.ipe  is  a  wholly  iiicons|iicuons  object  on  account  of  tin 
In^h  lands  behind  it.  At  ten  miles  it  seems  a  mere  chan;;e  in  the  coloi-  of  the  Ion;;  line  oC  ini'^.i 
land  bonlcrin;;  the  sea.  ami  especially  it'  the  cjill'  is  not  sliowin^  liii;;lit.  It  is,  however,  casil;. 
r<'co;;ni/.cd  by  those  familiar  with  it.  and  especially  by  reason  of  the  lij;htliou.so  and  adjaceiii 
buildin;;s. 


l.IiiHT  not  si:   on    CAI'K   n|M"()l!r> 


\N('(i). 


This  is  a  primary  sea-coast  li;;ht.  The  li;;ht  house  is  situated  on  the  hi;;liest  part  ol  C:iim' 
Orforil,  from  which  the  heavy  trees  were  cut  when  the  buildin;;s  were  erected.  It  is  neail>  i.\" 
liundred  yards  inside  the  western  iiitch  of  the  cajie.  The  liiwei-  is  the  fiustiim  of  a  cone,  ami  i^ 
built  of  brick  painted  white.  The  dome  of  the  lantern  is  painted  black.  The  keeper's  dv.i'liinu' 
is  a  two-story  biick  buihlin;;.  painted  while,  with  green  window  blinds;  it  is  sit't-ted  about  tliiii> 
live  >ards  southw.ud  of  the  tower. 

The  li;;lit  is  o  jiml  irlilri   lii/ht  of  the  first  order  of  tin-  .system  of  Frcsnel.     It  was  first  c\li:ii 
lU-'d  uii  the  liittli  of  l)ee<.'inber,  KS70,  and  shows  every   iiiyht  from  suii.set  to  sunrise.    The  an  "i 


i^i;i,r^,L^.,.u^.-^^.^^-,i'\..^^^^^^ 


Or  ford  Rref. 


KIk  Hiver. 


N.lij  K..1  K. 


'!■' 


'  ji  ". 


■'I 

:| 

1  1  1 

rs.jttS**''^^ 


Orford  Reef. 


Wliili'  Rock. 
CftiM'  Orfora  LiKlithoiiw.  N.  i  K.,  15*  milos. 


White  Cliff. 


Capo  Orfonl  Light-house, 

NK.,10  iiiiloH. 


Orford  Reef. 


•fn^..  .tj.  ..-'-'■■ 


N.l>y  K..*  K. 


Opo  Orfur-l  l-iKht-hoim«  an.l  K.-f,  NNK..,  11  ...iU-.s. 


'"Tti'"'-"--'^ 


■■i3?'''ti'*ht*'  *^''js«i"^*'*ss»t^'fciri»weji4(.. 


Wliito  Cliff. 


Elk  iWer. 


Efht-hoiiHO,  Orford  Reef. 


»jff"  ^>'*'il<^ 


ji^"- '•--«• 


,,„  ^."-V^.i.  .ifc,*' 


— !-  *,'■ 


iliw. 


*  y 


f 


I 


» 


w 


m 
ft 


M 


m 


ii\ 


m 


ii  r 


!     ! 


i-i 


•  ""r  '  ''rr  ««r— .,— , 


»f.,rtar'    ■  •^-  ■::?!iS.3J^3K--r^i^ 


E. i S,, 5  miles.        C«pe  Oiford  Beef.  Fort  Orfotd  Head. 


^.jj^^ife,.??  "igjitaijir;  inj^ciiKVv^^/nji  ^  •';,L^  g^a^^^Lj;^^ 


SikliH  River. 
Castlo  Rock,  18ti  feet.  Gull  Rock,  118  feet. 


Blanco  lieef. 


Pyramid  Rock. 
Cape  Orford  Light-bouse,  NE.  by  E.  \  E., 6 miles. 


m 

ill 

^11 

f^i 

|i 

V. 

^1 

'  \L 

IE 

.ly 

1 

^ 

jl 

•  '1  ■   ' '  • 

^.  ii 

M! 

f  1 

I  ^' 


'4 


I.*"' 


ivi 


tii 


II. 


I 


i     :  n 


^mipLM^m^^m- 


Blai'klork  I'oint.  Cbp«  Orfonl  lj(;lit-hnniir, 

N.  Iiv  K.  1  K.,  II  mil.  >. 


Orl 


-  rtTrtiiirmihiiniii— wm^nyiiiinip'TTiL^^  '.ml-L. 


Cape  Orfiml  I.iclit-bniise, 
Nortli,  20  iiiil.s. 


Reef. 

(  upp  (irfDril  l.inlitliiiiiMf.  N.  Iiy  K..  12  miles  iC'iijin  lifted  liy  iniriij;r);  siiuiky  lieyoml 


•»>. •>•*<• 


.diAAzAAMKAai.^ 


•  ■■•.■•r-*;  ■•■■'■.••,K^-'-'Wj,„. 


Orford  Reef,  tlioinnt.  abont  8  mile*. 


Elk  BiT«r  yaUey. 


":■■—»-  ;'*"T''  j.*?^"    —Va^'vi-o^-. '-.-.?■ '-""  "Tra.- 


Port  Orford  Head. 
N.  by  E.iE.,  161  miles. 


H^'t^*^, 


ky  beyonil 


■M^^ 


r 


t 

my 


''0 


t^V^  '^ii 


??: 


t  HJ ' 


i* 


h' 


if!)    ,     ,, 

,      It** 

,-    ■  c 


|%.1. 


'^'^^i^^z^^.'^^'^'r-^^ 


'W*  'U'.V«-i^^rrCTWB),ii»UU<-M  '•— 


('HHtli'  Kixk,  IHM  fmit.  (lull  U«>c„r,|  i{„„c 


i-.-^i 


''■■■>  \  "k' 


'"-'•*y;.-..'^r,-^'*'A'4><'«.v-.., 


'iffW^^ 


h  .J 


k  ll 


r' 


'v.     il 


i  fKet. 


■4V 


jyi!..[ -■:;'- 


it 

i 


^i 


yi 


■b-^ 


aiv^^^-O^"^ 


iii^S^ 


SikhH  River. 
Casllu  Kork,  188  foet. 


Gull  Rock,  ]  18  feet. 


Pyramid  Rock.         Blanco  Beef.        (Ven 
Cape  Orfurd  Light-house,  SK.  ^S.,(Hiiiile  . 


-  ■^•*3?5?'i^*s  ^ 


«=*r*7^' 


■•■  ■•.,ui',r' 


,■'<,'*' 


T^^'f~-)  ■ 


Bald  I'oiikn.  :(,f)Wi  ffet. 


Humbug  Mountain.     Cape  Orfoni.      Point  Orford  Hend. 
1,877  feet.  8K.,  14  uiiles. 


jS.    11*  -— a- 


Rock.         Blanco  Beef.        (Very  small  »iid  black.) 
S.,  6^  mile'.. 


Table.      irch  or  Pin  Rook. 
Ortotd  Reef. 


Ulaukloek  Puint. 


Tower  Rook,  Vila  feet. 


-"'■■■  ■t^W^';.',    ii-;i 


.(t^',1  ,t 


le  Orfoni.      Point  Ortord  HpucI. 
14  uiileB. 


Orford  Keef,  8E.  by  8.,  17  milw. 


'■mr 


Hi 


} 

i 


I'Aciric  CDAsr  ni.oT. 


17:» 


Mil  iliiy  over  tlic  \v;itcr  is  twii  liiiiiilrt'il  a  ml  I'oily  decrees  ;  :iiiil  I  ln'  limit  (if  visjliijily  In  llic  soiitli- 
\\.u,'\  is  lan;:i'iit  to  I  Nut  Orion  I  Head,  wiiirli  licats  soiitli  luilx  (l(';;i(cs  cast  (S.  (d  i;.i,  (list;iiii  six 
,11  ,1  ijiii'i' (|iiait('rs  miles.  'Iliniccil  is  \isililc  loiiml  by  tli(<  sinilli,  \\c.-.|,  ami  norlli  over  liic  ( >i- 
I',, III  Hill  I'.laiicii  Itccls,  lo  iioi'tli  twenty  niM'  (Ic;;i('<'s  cast  (N.'JI  '  ll.i,  iiml  tlicicforc  civmiiiaiKls  tlic 
I  ii'.iii' iiiirllicni  coast  so  far  as  it  can  lie  seen.  The  sontlic.isteni  limit  of  visibility  is  almost  on  I  Ik^ 
JiiM- lit'  I'oi't  Orlonl  lleailainl  Islaml  K'oik,  so  lliat  a  vcsst  1  wotllil  lose  the  li^'lil  Jnst  as  she  rcaclicd 


uiiiiiii  a  i|i 


larler  of  a  mile  of  the  west  side  ot'  that  islet. 


Tin'  liei);ld  •''  "i''  '"•"■al  jdane  of  the  lens  above  the  base  of  the  t 


IJir  ilieai 


l.i\era 


owcr  is  lil'ty  I'eet  :  and  above 
1  level  of  the  sea  it  is  two  hninlred  and  lil'ly  si\  I'eet,  so  that  the  h;;lil  shoiilil  be  seen,  in  ii 


ble  stat(>  of  the  weathcf,  from  a  liei;;hl  of — 


1(1  Ilia  at,  it  (l'.>.laiiri'  (if  '.'l.'.l  miles. 
•Jll  fr.-t  ill  a  ilistanre  nf  •.':;.  I  linli'H. 
:V)  I'iTt  .it  a  ilislaiiir  (ir'JI.i!  niili'M. 
til)  (Vrl  al  a  (liNlaiirr  nt'  '.'7. 'J  inili-s. 

I'he  j;-eo^iaiiliical  jiosition  of  the  li^ht  honse,  as  (U'termined  by   the  ('.  S.  ("oast  and  (Icodctie. 


^ll:\l'\  .    !"■ 


I.aliliiili'   . . 

l.lillMitlllln. 

Ol',  III  tiliii' 


I-.'      .'•"     llT  '      llnllh, 


-.,  i-i„  i>..i. 


file  nia;,Mietie  xiniation  was 


II"  .1(1'  cast  in  .l.iiiiiarv. 


l>>.i,  anil   lliel'e;ises  a 


nnnallv  abnnt   I'.  I : 


the  limit  of  the  easterly  variation  will  be  reached  w  ithin  probably  ten  \ear.--  from  that  dali 


llie  e 


■  rotl 
iiast 


1  the  li"htdioiise  we  liaxi'tlic  lollowinf;  bcariii;;s  ami  disi; 


iiccs  to  prominent   iioiiits  on 


t'ajii'  Mriiiloi'inii  T.ij;li 
lliiiMliolilt  !.i»;lil  linn- 
'I'liiiiilail  lliMil  l.i^ilil 


J^aiiil  (ii'ori 


i;nf,  t 


t-llllll>l> 

^ 

>»> 

s 

•'( 

llllll-r  . 

S. 

In-  i.nii 

oil 

Osi' 

I  sirr 

or  liir 

li-lil- 

iiiiisr  on 

''7 

I  It    111 


i:.       n 


•J  null'-*. 


\nllllWC-sl   Sral    I, 

]'..\  UoiU.  the  Miiillnv.-.|  ilaiii;.-!- dt'  liic'dilonl  i;,  rf S,    I-,      W. 

•I'lir  Nciitliwist  l;.M  Us.if  tlinOirmil  ll.if s    -jr.      w. 


fapi'  liir;4iMy   i.i;:lit  ;    tliiH  liiarii 
mill'  iierlli  (Viiiii  Capn  Oil'urd. 


liaxscM  (ivcr  (lull    ImIiI. 


i;       W. 


II. -ail  I.i-lil-lii 


N.   h 
.N.  i; 


w. 


Tillain.M.k  i;..,  k  l.i-Iil-li.Mi-.' 

I'liiiil  Ailaiu.s  l.i;;lil-liiiii'''. ''"liHiiliia  KiviT N.   1'.,      \V. 


('11)11'  l>i-ia|i|iiiiiiliiii'Tit  l.inlil  III 
('aiii'Slinalwati  I-  I.i:;lil  lieuM-. 


.\.    Ill      W. 


:..   mill' 
:i     mill' 


!!U  mill's. 

1 1.  'J  mill's. 

t-T  mill's. 

'Jii:'  milrs, 

■-'(»:;  mill's, 

•j:!:'.*  mill's. 


(irav's  Harliiir  I  |irii|"'^i'Mi^lii  I N    lii,     W.        ".'I-     milrs. 

pislnirliiiii  Nlainl  1  iHi'l'iisi'il  li;;lil  > N.    I'.i:      W. 


Taliiii.-ili  Isl.iml  l.ijilit-liiHis.',  Capi'  I'l.i 


.'I       \V. 


I     mill's, 
li  mik's. 


'IIIi;    (iIMiUM)    IM'.KI'', 


I'liis  ilaiin;crons  area  is 


two  ami  a  half  mili's  liMiir.  nnilh  and  smUli.  .tnd   mie  and  a  half  mill 


•ast  and  wt 


lies  li\  c  miles  broad  olV  the  coast  bet  w  ecu   Port   (  M'tnrd  and  Cape  ( )i ford. 


III  I  i>  the  most  '.'.  olei  n  danger  between  ( "ape  Meiuloeiiio  ami  I'oiiil  ( ireiiv  ille.     N'cssels  from  the 
^  Mil  o|    I'l.ca  and  the  (Joliimbia  Kl\er  Imnnd  south  of  ("ape  .Mendocino  must  la.\  a  course  outside 

I'    tins  reef. 

The  lecf  consists  of  bet  ueen  tliiily  and  lorly  lii;,'li,  rocli,\  i.slets,  low  small  rocks,  and  sunken 
ii.i  ks,  nenrr.dly  rislii;,'  from  deep  water  ami  in  some  places  marked  b.\  -^.'nal!  (ii'lds  of  kelp.  Hi 
in.en  the  reef  and  the  .shore  there  is  a  ^ood  pa.vsa^je  ahoill  one  mile  wide  belwecn  the  ei^  hi  fat  hum 
I  lies.  'I'lic  tjcneial  direction  of  the  reef  is  soiilb  ol' ("ape  Orforil  l.i.uht  ;  and  its  northern  danger 
-  UMi  Mild  a  ijiiarti'i' miles  sonlli  of  'he  cape.  Stretehiii;!'  out  iiiic  .;nd  one  thin!  miles  from  ihe 
.i|ie  low  aids  the  Orloid  Itcef  there  isai,.''i'ti  reef,  which  contracts  the  passaj;!'  to  one  mile.  Tlii.s 
li'ireef  isliiiown  as  the  lUailcii  lo'cf. 

The  Orford  lieef  may  be  consiiU'icd  a  lalher  compact  inassol  rock,\  islets  and  rocks,  with  two 
iiImii;,' di.ii;;crs  oil   the  southwest   and   iioithwest  parts,  the   former  one  mile,  the  latter  nearly 
h  ill'  a  milu  (list  lint.     'I'he  massi\  eiiess  of  the  islels  of  tills  reef  a  I  ome  sii  freest  s  I  hat    the  earliest 
Spanish  navigators  iiexer  made  this  landfall,  or  the.\   wniild  have  nolieed  iliem. 

When  the  la|i;<' Table  Ivock  is  about    one   and  a   ipiarler   inik's  distillit,  bciuillK  c.'Sl,  all   tlio 
lets  -cm  ('(iiiidistaiil  iVom  each  other  to  the  .sonihwaid. 


■Im 


'i 


?! 


i 


!  .'!;&: 


'\M 


J^ 


f     :  It 


si.  ' 


.'?S()  I'ACII'IC    ('i)\s|'    I'll. (IT. 

'\'\u'  prixripal  tliiuiiirn  of  IlicOiiord  Itci'l'  m.\\  Itc  cimiiH'rMtcd  ;is  follows:    /Vi.-  //i.c/,.  ,i  ^. 
low,  lilack  rock,  alioiil  iiiiif   Icct   lii^li.  ahv;i\  s   visililc  cxci'i)!    when   swept  \\\    :ili(ii\\  swill.inil 
ahvay.s  sliowino-  a  lncaU.      It  appaiciit  ly  Iciiis  ovci'  to  tlic  soiiilicast.      It  is  tlir  .soiiijiwcslciiiiii    .1 
rock,  and  lies  one  milt-  west  In  south  hall"  south  (W .  by  S.  \  S.)  t'roin  the  sonihn  iinm^l  pan  .     •   . 
icfl'.     It  has  thirty   I'athonis  of  water  ••lose  alon;;sidc  of  it.  and   dcpthsof  twenty  (■ij;ht  |n  iwiir, 
three  fathoms  henee  to  the   reel'.     We   jiassed    inside  ot'  It    in   Oeloher,  ISS.'i.     The  loek  is  oii   ;|,,. 
I'antre  thiouj;h  Areli  Itoek  ami  West  Conieal   IJoek.  and  one  and  tiiree  ipiai  tei  s  miles  soiiili 
;)ne  de;;rees  west  (S.  ."il  '  W.)  from  the  latter. 

Fox  liock  lies  live  and  onecpiarttr  miles  south  ei;;litei'li  de;;rees  wes'  ,S.  Is  \\  .  1  lioiii  i  ,1  , 
Orfonl  I.iuht.  and  six  miles  north  eir.nty  se\en  dey:iees  west  (N.S7  W.)  I'idm  Tichetioi's  l.'m  1 
Port  Orford  lleail.  l''roin  it  Nortinvest  IJoek  lies  two  and  a  tliinl  miles  noitli  eii^hiicn  (|r_i,,, 
east  (X.  IS  i;.i,  and  the  Southeast  I'daek  liock  one  and  one  thin  I  miles  noitli  se\  enl  \  llncc  dc'::ii  1  , 
east  (N.  7:1  I'..).  .\  vessel  liounil  into  I'ort  Orforil  trom  I-'on  K'ock  \\ould  la,\  a  course  cast  IcTl 
south  (K.  y  S.)  to  pass  clear  of  Tichenor's  l\ock. 

Fii.r    Ik'ixl; — lliKiji. — .V    sccitiiili-liiss  automatie    irlii.slliini   hiioi/,   painted    ,    7  ancl    hiieicd    iii\ 

IMKK    in    »7((V(',  was  esialdished    May    l(i,    IS.s'.i,   and   1 ired   in    liMt.\lhrce   tatlioms   ni   \(i:,i, 

souiliwest  seven  ei;;htlis  south  (SW.  ;  S.1.  distant  live  eii;hlhs  ot'  a  mile  from  tins  dani;er. 

The  liuoy  is  suinioiiuted  hy  a  whistle  that  issoundedbv  t  he  action  of  the  sea  :  il  ustiallv  li\is 
twenty  to  thirt.v  blasts  a  minute. 

I'roni  the  buoy  the  follovvin;;  bearin;js  ami  distances  of  important  objects  are  ;;ivcn: 

('.•i|M'  Orfiinl  I,if;lit-luiMsc N.  -Jii  |;.,  ,ri,i:iiji  .', ,  mil,  .*. 

T.-iM.'  I'ncU,  OrliMil  i;.rl' \.  :.:.  i:.,  ih-iMui  -Ji  wU,-,. 

.\nli   1,      ;,     M"    1   l.'rt-f N.   1;  i  ..  .;;   iMMl  •-'<  llli!l■^.. 

Tirlli'lli.;  ^  ll'  I 'oil   Olliiril  II  ■■Mil N     --  1'..,  lli^l:Mil  !•{  IMll.s. 

Pilots  ami   masti  1       :'  vessels  are  recpu'sted   to  notify    the   I'niled  States   inspector  of  h   I,; 
houses,  at   rorlkiiid.  Orcunn.  if  lliis  buo\  should  diift  m-  not   vvdik  salislaehu  ily. 

Sniitlidixl  llliick  li'iich-  is  a  small,  black  rock  about  ten  feet  above  water,  with  a  break  alv. ,i\n 
V]nm  it.  It  is  the  southernmost  jiart  of  tiie  dangers  of  the  main  i-eef,  and  lias  tweut.v  fadinms  ,.' 
water  not  far  from  if.  Il  lies  one  and  oiiethird  miles  north  sevcntv  three  deurecs  ca--t  iN.  7;  1 
troll!  the  outerimist  daii;,'i'r.  Fox  Pock,  and  there  is  a  depth  of  tvveiit,\  three  to  Iwcniv.i-M 
fathoms  of  water  between  them.  The  Southeast  IJock  lies  on  the  ran;;('  of  the  vnsl  side  nl  ilic 
West  Conical  Hock  on  with  the  east  side  ot  Table  K'ock.  tui  a  bearing;  e\a<lly  sonlli  iS.)  ami  h'.i 
thirds  of  a  mile  from  the  forniei'. 

It  lies  four  ami  a  half  miles  south  four  de^i^'cs  west  (.S.  I  W.i  from  (ape  ( (rlbrd  l.iuhi:  mil 
four  and  three  quarters  miles  north  ei;^lity  one  deerees  west  (N.  s|     W.)  iVom  Ticiicnor's  j.'ock. 

Tlie  nearest  danuer  to  this  rock  is  an  extensive  and  heavy  bleak  (Uie  ipiaiter  of  a  mile  i  I'lrh 
sixtv   four  de;;iees  West   (N.ti-t      W.)fl(Ull   it. 

Iliiirti  Htnth   Siiiith. —  Near  the  southern    jiart    of  llii'   reef,   but    inside  the   Soiitheasi    I 
lloek,  there  is  a  ver.v  heavy   break  that    has  not    been   approached.     It  lies  one  ipiaitcr  o|  .1 
north  sixty  four  (le;;rees  west  ('• .  (!l     W.~i  from  the  Southeast  Itock,  and  cue  and  one  (piai  ter  iinics 
north  sixt.veiy;ht  ileoieos  east  (  N.  (is     I".)  trom    I'"ox    Hock.      It  is  on  tin-    ian;;e  lioiii  ( 'ape  ( )i  :iiii| 
Li^ht  and  the  east  side  of  Table  Hock. 

Stiaiii  hottt  h'lxhs. — These  are  near  the  southwest   pari  of  the  reel,  and  are  so  named    because 
fi'oin   certain    ilireetions.  as  when   lookiiii,'  north,  the  two  rocks   partly   overlap   ami  look   !■:  ■    1 
steamboat.      The    sollllii'l'li    rock    is  thil  l,v    llllee    teel     hl^;li.  and    thi'   llorlhei  n  one  foi  I  y    Ici'l 
\  isible  and  sunken  rmks  belweeii  them,  and  an  ii;;lv    reel  to  the  west  norllivvcst. 

These  rocks  aie  crowded  ncai' to  the  West  Conical  Itock,  and  lieneaily  1.11  the  raii^^e  of  ;!  ii 
rock  and  .\reli  I.'ock.  There  hav  e  bi'eii  no  soiiiidin;:s  around  tin  m.  and  I  here  is  hd  break  bi 
them  ami  the  Heavy  I'lcak  nc.il'  Southeast  l!la<di  Uock,  even  in  heavy  weather.  The  iii.ii'i 
Steamboat  itock  is  only  one  sixth  of  a  mile  southwest  from  West  Ciuiiea!  h'ock.  and  the  Ii.wm 
ro<k  one  hiindieil  and  tvveiilv  live  varcls  south  from  the  hi;.;lier.  The  coiiiiccted  leet'  iiin-  ••!  ' 
hundred  and  lil'ty  vaids  to  the  westnorthwesl.  Ncarl.v  a  ipiailer  of  a  mile  west  half  south  ^'' 
S.)  from  tl  •   liijiher  rock  is  a  sunken  led;,'e  upon  which  llie  sea  breaks. 

li'f.sV  I  iiiicril  Riiik. — This  rock  lies  in  the  southern  pait  of  the  reef,  and  is  one  of  tin-  laijcr 
and  hiu'her  islets  of  the  uioup.  Its  Perietal  shape  is  conical ;  its  diamcler  is  about  sev  enl  v  v  n.!-, 
and  its  heii,dit  one  hiitidred  and  tvvelvi-  feet.  'J'he  highest  part  of  tin'  rock  is  on  tiie  ikuiIi  •-! 
si.Ie. 


i|  b 

IKmi 

,  _ '    Il  mi 

,1  •\     ivel 
lie  I 


I'" 


ol    I 


Mi  ^i 


*■« 


I'AnriC    COAST   PILOT. 


ISl 


It  li,  s  ;iliiii>st  t'\:ictly  soiitli  seven  t'ifilitlis  of  n  mile  (Vom  Table  licick  anil  (tne-tliirtl  of  a  tnile 
1!  IiwcnI  1i\  siinlli  ^S\^.  l)y  S. )  tiimi  the  peak  ol' Arcli  Ifock. 

I Kiiii  <'a|ie(i|  ImkI   l.iulil    ii   l>cais  soatli   livi-  defjiees  west  (S.  5    W.),  dislanl  tliice  and  one- 

.liili  milts,  and   lioni  'riclienoi's  limk  ntiitli  seventy  loui'  dej;rees  west  (N.  71     \V.),  distant  four 


\i'n  ci 


;iill 


ill 


1.1.1 


riirie  is  a  sunken   ledj,'e  one  linndied  anil   twenl.v-live  yards  nearly  east  from  tln' southeast 

;i  di  tlie  West  Conical  li'oiU.     It  consists  of  a  cluster  of  sunken  rocks  witli  two  or  tliree  small 

1    points  aliove  water.     Tlicie  is  deep  v. .iter  around  tlilH  dan^jer. 

I'hd  liliuk  /I'dcA,  low,  and  not  o\ei'  twenty-five  yards  in  extent,  lies  oneeij^litli  of  a  mile  iioitli- 

«,  M  liy  west  (N\V.  liy  \V.)  Ironi  West  <'onical   Kock,  and  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  west  liy  soutli  (\V. 

!i\  S)  Ironi  .\rcli  llock. 

\i<li  or  /•'/((  /i'(i(7.-.— This  rocky  islet  is  in  tlu' southern  and  eastern  i)art  of  the  frroup.  It  is 
icst  roci.y  islet,  liut  riot  so  i;  assi\(' MS  Talile  Kcii'k.  It  is  one  hundred  and  titty  yards  in 
1,  anil  lises  to  one  hundred  and  foity  nine  feet  almve  the  sea.  It  is  nearl.N  divided  into  two 
ti.\  a  fissure  north  and  south.  When  seen  friuii  the  south  and  southwest  it  looks  like  a  yreat 
jiM.iiindal  islet,  much  luokeii,  with  a  laijje,  somewhat  sipiaie,  arch  thtou^li  it.  This  arch  is  aliout 
llihc  times  as  wide  as  it  is  lii;:h,  and  lu'ai!;,  one  third  the  width  of  the  i.-let.  I'rom  a  distance  of 
-i\  miles  the  arcii  can  hardly  In-  made  out,  evi'ii  w  ith  a  marine  jilass.  When  seen  from  the  east  the 
Miiillicrn  face  looks  almost  vertical,  with  irref^ular,  sharp  breaks  on  the  north  side.     It  is  very 


liie  111; 
(•\li  II 


'.III 


llie  meat  tin  le    '  i 


e  Oica  when  seen  from  the  siuitheast. 


Tiiere  are  no  dangers  close  to  Arch   !i*ock  on  the  north  and  east  sides,  and  a  depth  of  ei;;ht 
l.iliMiiiisof  water  is  found  at  two  hundred  and  lil'l\  \anls  distance  to  the  eastward;  but  on  the 


nil  and  west  sides,  close  under  it,  lie  several  sunken  and  \isilile  ri 


Some  small,  blai^k  n 


lii.^i  .diiive  water,  and   some   sunken  ones,  lie   in   a  compact   cliisiei    nearly  one  i|iiaiter  of  a  mile 
.sdiiili  sexeiiteen  dei;rees  west  (S.  17    \\ .)  fiom  Arch  Kock.     They  have  ten  fathoms  of  water  close 


.llnlllhl   lilelll. 


Arch  Mock  lii's  three  and  three  iiuarlers  mih's   soiiih   live  ile;;rees  west  (S.  .">    W.j  from  Cape 
Oii.ii'.l  l.ij^ht  house,  and  four  and  three  ipiai lets  miles  north  se\cntytwo  decrees  west  (N.  7-  -  W.) 


li.iiii   liclielioi 


liuck 


rinin  it  the  West  Conical  liock  lies  one  third  ot'  a  mile  soutliwesl  by  soiilli  ;SW.  by  S.),  and 
;■     li'ock    three  i|iiai  lers   of  a   mile   north    tbuileeii   de;;rees  west  (N.  II     \\'.).     The  Southeast 
k  Koik  lies  three  ipiaiters  of  a  mile  exactly  south  (S.l.  and   the   Northwest    h'ock  li\eeifihlhs 
iiiile  noriii  m  ty  live  decrees  west  (N.  I.'i    \\.). 
Vi>\  Kick  is  on  'he  ian;;e  of  .\rch  Kock  and  West  Conical  llock,  distant  one  and  seven-eighths 


iillh  till  V  one  decrees  wes 


t  (S.  r.i     W 


tViiiii  tlie  till  luer. 


Aliont  one  (piarter  of  a  mile  to  the  eastward  of  .Vrch   Kock,  in  six  to  ei^;iit  fathoms  ot' water, 

.  Is  a  line  of  kelp. 

A  --unken  r)ck  lies  in  eij^ht  fathoms  of  w^uer  one  third  of  a  mile  north  sixtci'ii  ile};rees  east 


i;.)  from  Arch  It 


and  a  rock,  \  i.-.ible  at  e.xtreine  low  tides,  lies  one  third  of  a  mile  north 


Ic-reeswest  (N.tr  W.)  from   .Vich  b'ock,  and  near!\  iii  line  to  Seal  Itock;  am.   nearly  midway 
ifii  this  latter  ilaii;;er  and  Seal   Kock  there  is  a  small,  black  rock  Just  abo\e  water.     Tiie.se 

iiiintioned  daii;;ers  lie  nearer  and  to  the  eastward  of  White  Conical  Uock. 
H7((7(    Conlcdl  /I'oiA:— This   rock   lies   in   the  middle  of  the  gnaip  ;  it  is  a  small  rock,  about 
\  Icet  hifih,  nearly  tai  tlic  iiiie  between  West   Conical    Kock  and  Table  llock.     It  lies  i;    -ily 

ihir  I  of  a  mile  iioMli  Ibily  one  di^;rees  west  (N.  IT  W.)  from  Arch  Kock. 

/•',(/   /,'«(•/,•  is  a  low  rock,  about  foitvvardsin  extent,  Iviiij;' on   the   line  between  Table  l{ock 


lux   Kock,  distant   three  ipiartei 


IIIlT. 


■I    I 


ird 
>f  a  mile  t'roin  the  former,  and  one  and  a  half  miles  from 
It  lies  on  the  western  limit  of  the  group  and  there  are  no  known  dangers  outside  of  it 
he  oull,\ing  Fox   Kock.     A  ipiarlcrof  a  mile  to  the  northeast  ward  of  it   lie  the  sunken 
\  i^ilile  locks  of  the  group. 

SkiI  /,'(/<■/,.- -This  is  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  group;  it  is  a  moderately  large  rock,  tilty  three 
liiuli,  generally  rcsiuted  to  by  sea  lions.  It  lies  nearly  (Uie(|uarter  of  a  mile  soiitli  thiily 
CIS  east  (S.  ;>()  '  i:.)  trom  Table  Kock.  It  has  ilanj;ers  clo.sc  under  the  west  side;  and  two 
Mil- ilaiigcrs  in  the  kelp  to  the  cast  ward  ;ind  northeast  ward.  The  tirst  ;.f  these  is  a  suithiu 
.  icported  to  break  vciy  .seldom,  and  l>ii:g  nearly  oneipiaiter  of  a  mile  south  eighty  three 
I   (S.  .s:;  '  i:.)  fiom  it :  the  other  is  ii  rock  visible  at   low  tide  lying  the  .same  distance 


IS  east    (.' 
iliirty  seven  degrees  east  (N.  ;!7     I'J.;. 


;^ 


IV 


m 


1 


il       f^ 


'/:Si:.' 


'Iff 


4^^ 


1^    M-i! 


I  I'Acinc  COAST  ni.or. 

liiiiiiiil  ItKfk. —  rilis  i>  ill  tlic  ini(l<ll('  of  tlic  iiiirllicni  pint  of  llic  ;j;n>ii]),  and  lies  u  (inaiicrnr 


li-n- 


iiiiiii. 


mill'  sunt  li  llhiiv  ruin  dri:  icis  west  ^S.  ;!P  \\ .)  iVniii  'raldi'  Ituck.     It  lies  in  III.'  iiiiil.sl  of  da 
Tlic  I  nil'  from  lalilf  I!o'i,  to  l\<\  l!iicl».  licariiiu:  soiitli  lliiit  v  funr  d(';;ret's  west  (S.  ,">P  W'.i,  p 
over  lioiiiid  Kociv  a  I  oni'  iinartcr  of  a  mile  from  'I'alilc  I  lock  ;  a  cliisU'r  of  siiiihrn  /•  i7,,v  at  a  little 
tlian  half  a  mill';   I'Mat  lioik  at  tliicf  i|iiart('rs  of  a  iiiili';  and  l"o\  IJock  at  t  wo  and  a  (|iiart;i' iiiili>. 

Siiii'irc  W'lilli  Uml;. — 'I'liis  is  in  the  norlliwi'sti'iii  part  of  tlic  nionp  ;  it  is  alioiit  sixty  \ar.|s  m 
I'Xtciil  and  scvciiiy  two  fi't't  liii:li.  It  lii's  iicaiiy  lialf  a  iiiili'  soiitli  lifty  di'^'ici's  wisl  (S.  .'lO  \V^ 
from 'l';ililc  iJnik.  'I'lii'ii'  au'  no  iiiimcdialc  ilan^'ris  to  tlir  west  ward  ot  it.  'I'lio  line  from  I  ihl,. 
li'oi'k  to  tins  rock  passes  just  hctwccn  two  clusters  of  sunken  rocks  at  nearly  one  tliiid  nf  a  inil,. 
I'roin  tile  tormer. 

l.i'Hii  llnuvn    li'dil:. — This  rock  lies  on  llie  western  side  of  the  jiroiip  neail.\   half  a  mile  Niniti, 


se\cntvsi\  de;;ices  west  Irom  Talilc  W 


tins  iM 


aiinu'  |)asses  almost  oxer  a  small  hlaek  iml, 


one-ci^lii h  of  a  mile  from  l.onu  I'liown  l>'ock.     This  rock  is  one  hundred  yards  in  cMent  nortli I 

south  and  rises  to  seventy  feet  in  elc\  ailmi.  It  hasscNcn  to  ten  tatlioiiis  of  water  close  .iiMiiii,| 
it.  and  no  snnkeii  daiij;ers  to  thewestwaid.  Nearly  oneipiaiter  of  a  mile  imitli  (illy  di  jiio 
west  (N.  oH     \\'.)  from  it.  or  towards  the  Northwest  K'ock.  lies  a  small  rock  aliovc  water. 

I.iiiiii'  Uniini  li'iirl,-  lies  one  quarter  of  a  iiiile  west  (W.)  from  T.ilile  K'ock.  .\  licld  of  Im  1], 
sircteiies  fiom  Talile  itock  ])ast  the  north  side  of  this  lock  and  (lilt  to  the  small  visilile  lock  Imii^ 
livei'iuhilis  III' a  mile  west  from  Table  loiek  and  nearly  a  ipiai'lcr  ot' a  mile  iiortliwcst  lialf  \m  ni 
Iroiii  l.oii<r  I'liow  II  Kocl^. 


'/'((///(    /i'.t/,. —  This  is  the  largest  of  the  rocky    islets  of  the  Orloid    llecf  ;^roiip,  ai 


111      IS     \C|\ 


near  the  iioithein  and  eastern  iiniil  of  the  visihlc  dan^'crs.  It  is  nearly  circular  and  one  hiiinhiil 
and  fitly  yards  ill  diameter,  il  ri-<es  almost  vertically  to  a  rouiidiii};  Hat  toj).  one  I  iiudred  :ii,.l 
forty  se\  en  feet  alio\  e  the  sea.  and  presents  a  very  massixe  appearance.     It  can  not  lie  appioarlinl 


in  a  \  essel  lieeailM 


there  ale  sniikcn  danjiers  iicai'  it. 


It  lies  three  miles  soiiih  eiuht  de;^rees  west  (S.  S^  ^V.)  from  Cape  Orford  l.iuht  lioiis 


ami  II 


and  one  sixth  miles  north  sixty-live  de;:rees  west  (N.  (!.")  -  \V.)  from  Ticlieiior's  IJock 


I'rom  Talile  lenk  the  [irineipal  rocks  of  the  rci'f  bear  as  follows: 

Anil  Ki.iU s.  i:.   i; 


WrsI  Ccillicil 
Tex    l.'.nk.... 


i: 


S.  ;!1     \V 


Nerlliwr-i  l.'iick  N.liT     W. 


j|  lllilr. 

'.  lllilr. 

-'i  lllilr^ 

I  mil.'. 


he  |iiiiliiii;^al  ion  of  the   line   thrnil^li  Arch  lioek  to  the  sonthw.iid   passes  alniosl    iIiioiil:! 


ellislel  II 


siinlxeii  and  small  \  isibic  loeks  at  one  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Aieh  I 


Tin  pi  I  ill  in;:at  ion  of  the  line  to  West  ( 'mitcil  I  lock  to  the  southward  pa.-.ses  tliroiij;li  .■soui  li,  ,|, 


rdaek 


It  li\  e  i'ii^lilhs  of  a  mile  tioiii  ihe  foiiiiei  ;  ami  (he  same  line  to  the  iiorlhwaii 


til  roll  :;h  I'm  1 1  j:  roll  ml  i'  the  kelp  lielil  with  ihiee  lai  honis  nf  water  in  spot.-,  at  live  eighths  of  ,i  m.ir 
from  Table  limk. 

The  line  to  I'ox  luick  passes  over  Koiiiid  Hock  at  one  qiunter  oi  a  mile,  a  cluster  of  miuki  'i 
rocks  at  a  little  iiioic  than  half  a  mile,  and   I'lat   IJnek  at  three  quarters  of  a  mile. 

The  line  to  Northwest  K'ock  passes  ii\  er  a  cIiiNter  of  snnkeii  rocks,  called  the  Ilca\\  lli  .1.. 
midway  between  Table  IJoek  ;ind  the  Northwest  K'ock. 

The  ilanuei  s  immediately  around  Table  I!ock  are  lira  smiLi  ii  cmA.v,  with  four  fathoms  of  u.iii  i 
around  them,  at  one  lilih  of  a  mile  iinrlheasi  by  east  (Nli.  by  I',  ;  a  siinLtn  yur/,,  \  isibic  at  e\!iiii,i 
low  tide,  at  one-qiiarti'r  of  a  mile  east  half  south  ( i;.  .]  S.).  with  ihiee  fathoms  of  wal"r  iiiitsiih  oi 
it  on  the  same  beariiij^.     A  lar^;e  body  of  kelp  stretches  two  hiindied  and  lifl.\  yard.-'  east  w  a'  <  I 

I  liese  il,lli;;ers. 

Thiie  are /(ro  ,si/)i/,(7/  ;v(r/,.v  at  one  third  the  distance  between  Table  K'ock  and  Itoiiiid  Ki'l, 
soul  liuist   by  south. 

Imiiieili.ilely  under  ihe  west  side  ol  'I'alile  Kock  lies  /.'/((/  Ii(irl{,  and  the  only  piaeticablc  Inii 
laiidiii;.'  is  mi  this  side  abreast  uf  i'.iid    K'nek. 

I'lnm  the  iiorlhwcst  side  of  Table  Kock  a  Held  of  kel|i  stretches  in  the  direction  of  Nmti 
liock  for  one  tilth  of  a  mile,  in  leu  to  ei;iht  fathoms  of  water,  to  envcloiie  KaiKi'  Itrow  ii  K'ocU. 
theiiee  coiiiinues  iieailv  west  to  the  small  black  lock  northwest  from  Koiiy:  lirown  K'ock. 


Table  Ko 


ek  was  loiliieih    known  as   jicsl  >  h'ne 


l-'iiiil  ijii-iiikI  is  fmiiid  slieiehiii.L;  I  liree  qiiai  lei  >  of  a  inileexactlv  north  (N.i  I'roni  Table  1.' 
with  soiindin;;s  of  only  ihree  and  three  and  a  half  fathoms  anion;;  a  heav.\  liclil  of  kelp.  \^ 


I'AcirK;  cuAsr  I'li.or. 


383 


<  tlic  iicirtlifiimiost   |iiiil  (if  lliis  reel'.     The  stciuii  rdllicr  Viflnriii  stnick  ii](()ii  w  rock  in  (lii 
jpiiiiil  ill   NoM'iiiluT,  ISS.I,  wlicii  coiniiij;  tliniiigli  the  Oifdid  Cliiiiincl  tVoni  the  iiortliwiinl 


liiindcil  iiciir  I'oil  Orfonl  to  keep  Iht  IVoiii  siiikiii; 


mill  «iis  ••* 

riiis  Colli  ;j;iniiiiil  is  two  iiiitl  a  liall  miles  soiilli  liy  west  (S.  l>y  W .)  troni  ("aiic  Orl'onl  Lifjlit 
li,iiisi',  ami  livi'  ami  a  liaH'iiiilcs  iioilli  by  west,  o!ic(|iiarli'r  west  (\.  Ity  W.  \  \\ .)  IVoiii  Tii'ln-iioi's 
|;,M  K.  'rill'  iiorllifiiimcisi  pail  of  it  lies  just  one  mile  iioitli  scvfiity-t wo  tlcj;rt'f.s  t-ast  (N.  IL'"'  1',. 
Ml  I  liy  N.  i;  N.)  Irnm  ilu'  Noilliwcst  K'ock.  Tin  rclorc  a  vessel  in  entering' or  leaviii;^Mliu  eliaiiiiel 
(1,1  l%iii)W  liir  pid\iiiiily  In  iliis  (laii;;ei'  liy  Iliis  lieaiiii;;  ami   tlie  ran^ic  of  Talile   l.'oek   ami  West 

(  cal   i.'oik,  with    \rili  itoi'k  open  to  the  southeast  o!'  tlmt   raiij;('.     Another  iany:e  is  Jvlooqiteh 

l.'.i.I,  III!  wil'i  'i'lcheiior's  lluck. 

IliKiii  lUidk  .Vi)(7/(.— This  rock  lies  iiiitlway  Iiefween  Table  l.'oik  ami  Nortliwest  iJoi-k,  and 
is.  Willi  (he  e.\eeplioii  of  Hie  latter  loek,  the  iiorthwesterniiiost  pail  of  the  ( )i  t'onl  Iteef.  When 
\w  |i;isse(l  within  a  mile  of  it  we  estimated  it  as  showing;'  four  feel  alio\e  water,  and  it  always  has 
,1  liii.ik  upon  it.  The  line  of  soiiiidiii'^s  niniiiii};  alon^^side  of  it  shows  ten  and  a  half  fati.xns  of 
H  iiei,  over  line  j:i'avel,  eiose  under  its  eastern  side,  and  no  kelp. 

There  is  iiiiolliir  mailin  nick,  visible  at  ixlieme  low  tides,  lyiii;L;  two  hundred  anil  seventy  live 
\  i]<\-  iiorlh  of  this  Heavy  Ureak  ;  there  is  a  depth  of  Iwehe  falhoins  of  water  elose  alonj;side  of 
i!  \\ f  did  not  see  it  break,  'i'liere  is  no  kelp  around  it,  but  a  lar;;e  line  to  the  northwanl 
siiiichiiiL;  from  the  foiil  •ground  east  ofTable  Itoek  towilhin  four  hundred  vaids  of  the  North  we.st. 


I 


m 


riiis  sunken  lock  is  supposed  to  lie  half  a  mile  south  eighty-two  de^Tees  ej.st  (S.  SI!''  Iv)  from 
■Air  Niiriliwcsl  lloek,  and  li\eei;;lilhs  of  a  mile  iiortii  lifty  t  wo  de^iices  west  (N.  TiL'"  \V.)  from 
r.iMe  Itock  :  but  it  is  very  duiibi  till  if  this  danger  exists. 

\'>iihin-'~l   L'liil.. — This  small  rock   foims  the   mu  ihwestern  limit   of  tlie  Oifoi'd  ]!eef.     It  is 

.,  I  sixty   \ards  ion;;,  east  and  west,  narrow,  and  has  two  sli;;lil  heads  on  it.     It  is  twenty  feet 

, I'. M' water,  and  has  di'ep  water  all  around  it,  alllioiij;h  there  are  no  soiiiidiii;;s  obtained  \  eiy 
1  :  i~c  to  it,  but  it  alwa.v  s  shows  a  liieak  around  it.  The  lU'iith  ot  water  onelhird  of  a  mile  to  the 
•\i-\  is  IweiitN  tniir  fathoms  over  hard  sandy  bottom:  Mid  oneijuarter  of  a  mile  to  tlie  north  by 
.,  I  I  a  ilepi  h  111'  t  w  eiil.N  three  fathoms  is  found  ;  but  between  these  there  is  a  depth  of  only  e!e\eu 
I  i:liiiiiis,  at  one  cpiai  teidf  a  mile  to  the  nnrthwcst.     ( )iie  ipiai  ter  of  a  mile  to  i  he  easl-nortjieast  is 


iiiiilhwcsi  limi 


I  (if  the  kelp  Held  which  stretches  from  iiorlli  of  Table  Koi'k 


I  lie  Ndi  tliwc>t  Itock  lies  three  miles  south  lwciit,\  se\cn  decrees  west  (S.  L'T     W.)  from  ('a|ie 
iii;iii(l  l.iulil  hoii>e ;  and  six  and  one  ipiaitei'  miles  iiorili  sixty-live  deurees  west  (N.  tl."!    W.)  Irom 


i  IriK  nor  S     hOCiv 


I'kiiii  it  l"ox  Uock  bears  south  eiijht  de';ree 


s  west  ( 


S.  S     W, 


istant  two  and 


llmd  miles;  and  llie   "Heavy  llreak  Soutii"  southeast   of  I'ox   llock  bears  south  twenty-four 


llrjlre 


:east  (S.  L'l  '  Iv  i.  two  miles  distant. 


/  V,7(/,V  (;/'  Ulp 


II  dillcient  aieas  from  (Uie  mile  easl-noitheasl  of  the  Noithwest  li'oek  to  the 


I  III  end  of  the  fold  ;; round  alread.\  desci  ibcd  as  stretching;  north  three  ipia iters  of  a  mile  from 
!m('  Itoek.     The  western  and  imuc  slraj:L;iiiif;-  parts  ol'  the  kelp  are  in  sixteen  fathoms  ot'  watei'; 

(:i>leiii  and  more  compact  licid.s  liaxe  li\  e  to  I  hree  fathoms  aiiioii};' them.  Ibit  they  are  .ery 
i>e,  and  it  is  iiossible  that  isolated  ba,\onel  rocks  iua,\  exist. 

/■'ii)7(/-v( '•' «  lUimjiis. — .Mlhoiii;li  we  have  not  described  t'aeli  individual  danjier.  yet  there  are 


liss   (hall     toilv- 


^c\ell     islet.- 


•ks,    ami    sunken    locks    in    the    Orfnrd    llcef,    excii    tlr 


partly  subdi\  idiii;;  siicii  siindlcr     j^ioiips  as  the  Slcamlioat   Uock.     The  compactness  ami 
iveiiess  of  these  dan;;i'rs  are  maikcd   fcatnies  ol' the  (h  lord  li'eef;  any  \essel  approachiii;;'  it 


I  I  lluck  weal  he 


ma\  be  III  daii;;t'r  when  she  iia^  not  less  tiniii  I  hiit.\  falJKuns  of  water. 


II    Mil 
-  lnnp, 


'I'liis  ^^roiipol  danjicrs  has  been  known  as  the  Oiloid  l.'ccl  since  lS,"iU.  \\heii  c(Uiiiii>^  down 
•  Mst  III  ITsiil.a  I'eroiisesays  his  laliliideal  noon  was  1.    ."i.v  .'iC. ',  and  that  I  wohmiis  afterwards 

las  abreast  ol  nine  small  islands  or  rocks  l\ini;aboiit  a  lea;;iie  oil  t 'ape  lilanco,  which  bore 
east  one-(|iiarler  east  (true).     He  called  them  the  '•  Isles  Necker,"  evideiilly  this  Orford   Keel 


.Mioiit  two  miles  westward  of  the  reef  Telieiikoll' ;;i\  cs  a  soiiiidiiiu  III  forl,\  three  fathoms. 
The  Ulitiini  lui/. —  It    IS    Usual    to  consider  I  he  reef  slrctcliin.u  out    fiem  the  shore  under  Cape 
M.iid  Miutiieastward    towards   the   Orfiuil    J{eef  as  distinct    I'lom  the  latter  be<'ause  the   Orford 


■I  nil 


IS   bet  ween  llieiii. 


the   liy(lro;;iaph\  oil  this  cape   has  not    been  coiil  iiiiied   north  of  a  line  southwest  half  W(  si 
lioiii  (Mpe  Orford  I.i-ht.  oil  which  I  he  soiiiidin,i;s  are  cairied  out  to  twenty-seven  fathoms  of  water 


El'  iiil 


\l 


§ 


;si 


rAciiic  coAsr  ni.or. 


at  tliiri' ami  two  lifilis  miles  t'loni  tiic  slioic.     Tlit-  iiMlicalioiis  arc  tliat   tin'  iiiic  dC  tt'ii  talli" 
siirniiiiuls  till'  <'a|<('  at  a  ilistancc  of  oiii>  ami  a  hall'  iiiilos  I'nnii  tlic  lli:lit  liunsi'.     W'itliiii  lliis  in, 
art'  scM'ial  (laiij;ris  wliicli  arc  iniportaiit  as  ftuniiii^'  tlic  iioitlicaslcin  lioiindaiv  uf  tlic  iioiilh 
I'litiaiicc  to  tlic  Oilonl  ("lianiii'l. 

Thirtii  ti  /lit  A'm/..  — At  iicailv  one  ami  a  half  miles  south  iliiitv  ti\e  ile^rces  west  (S.  .I."!     ,\ 
IVoin  Cape  Ort'iii'd   I.ij;ht    there   is   t'oiil  ;;roiiinl.  « iih  a  sunken  inek   ha\iii;;onl>    Ihiitei'ii  li,;  , 
walei' iipoii  it.     'I'lieie   is   kelp  a  short  (li>ianee  to  the   north   of  it    wlierethe  depth   isliNeainl 
ipiarter  I'ailionis,  Iml  none  is  niarkeil  to  (he  north  and  s.iiiiheasl. 


Nearl 


rl\  one  iinarter  ola  mile  north  from  this  thirteen  t'eet  roek.  oi  in  the  di  reel  ion  of  1' 


Koek,  and  distant  lii>ni   it  halt'  a  mile,  lies  a   siat 
The  kelp  lies  between  these  two  (lan;;ers. 


/,(/(   itwh'  which    nearly   ah\a\  s  shows  a    !> 


Alioni   t  vNo  linndied  and  littv   \ards  to  the  cast  .>onlheast  of  this  daiijicr  thei 


c  IS  a  lie 


three  and  three  quarters  fathoms,  hut  farther  on  the  same  bearing;  the  depth  increases  ii>  ,  n 
fathoms  in  a  (piarlcr  of  a  mile.  This  thirtei  n  feet  sunken  rock  lies  exactly  on  the  ian;;e  ot  i  , 
lii;,'hest  iioints  ni'  Table  i;oel>  and  Areii  lloci^,  of  the  Orford  lU'cf,  beaiinj;  south  thiitccn  dcmii> 
I'ast  (S,  i;i     i;.i.     It  is  distant  tuo  miles  from  Table  Kock. 

/i'(»i/,. —  A  lon;r.  iiariow.  black  roek  lies  one  ipiarlcr  of  a  mile  northeast  b,v  east  (N  M.  li\  I 
from  ihc  thirteen  tect  >iinl,en  roek.  ll  bears  south  tucntv-ciuht  (Iej;rees  west  (S.  US  \\'.),  d|Ni  n; 
one  and  oiicipiai  tcr  miles  from  the  lij;ht  house;  and  south  xnilheast  (SSI',.)  ti\  e  cinliiiis  di  ,, 
mile  I'rom  ruainid  liock.  which  lies  directly  otV  the  cape.  'I'hc  diicclioii  of  the  rock  is  iioi;!, 
northwest  and  south  southeast,  pointiii;:  ilirectly  to  Tyiainid  Woik.  It  is  abiuit  oiu'  hiindrcil  d 
twenty  the  yards  lonu.  and  there  is  a  patcli  of  sunken  rocks  inside  its  southern  end.  A  siu  i!; 
Held  of  kelp  lies  a  ipiaiter  of  a  mile  to  the  eastward  of  this  rocli,  iind  tlieic  is  a  depth  ot  mk 
fathoms  bet  wi'cii  them. 


/ 


i/ninii) 


I    Kork.—Jh 


IS  daii;;cr  a? 


seen  from  the  west  southwest   is  a  sharp,  pyramidal,  b 


rock,  oliinatcd   to  be  ci.uiitx    feet   hi;:li.     The  whole  extent  of  the  priiici|)al  lock  and   ll 


ones.  l>iu;,'  in  a  west  souihwcsl  (lircctioii  otV  its  noitliwcst   point,  is  two  hundred  and   Mil 
li  lies  oiM'  mile  broad  oil'  the  ca]ic  and    bears  south  si\t\  three  de^'iees   west  ^.'^.  (i.'l     W.,  fro 


e  S'li.i  ;i  I 


buhl   bouse 


There  arc  i, 


o  \isible  rocks  laid  down  (Milsidc  i<\'  il,    ami  no  soumlin;^s  ha\i 


obtained  near  it.  Inside  ot'  it  thcie  is  a  line  ol  \i>ibleaml  sunken  rocks,  l\iny;  luirthiuutl 
and  >onllisiiutheast  for  half  a  mile,  be;:iniiin^'  onceij;htli  of  a  mile  eastward  of  ibs  south  | 
Inside  of  tlie-e  ale  ]ialchtN  of  kelp  ami  visible  ami  siillkcli  Kicks. 


Tl 


;lithsofa  mile  south  southeast  from  rvramid  Itoek  is  a  small  black  roek:  and 


same  course,  ljve-ei;;liths  ut'  a  mile  dist  ant,  lies  the  loii^,  narrow  roi  k  already  dcsciibed. 

Tin;  t>i;i(ii;ii  ciiannki,. 


'II: 


This  milew  ide  jias- ii^f  lies  between  the  outer  ( >rfoid  Keefand  the  iiine:-  lilaiico  Keif.     Ii 
of  the  eiu lit  fathom  lines  it  may  be  icckoncd  one  mile  w  ide  in  the  liariowot  pal  1,  except  one 
ca.vinoillieast  from  'J'able  liock,  w  lieie  there  are  .•-oiindin;:s  shovviiij,'  very  irie;,'ular  bottom, 
seven  and  se\eii  and  three  qii. liters  to  twche  talhoms  of  water  across  the  elianiiel. 

le  ih.iniiel  is  not  >tiaij;lit,  but   ill  the  cm  \  in;:  pal  1  the  depth  is  thirteen   fathoms  ;  l)et\ 

le   to  the  eastwaid,  tilt' distance  is  tw(i  ami 


T 


the  leel'  and  the  three  f.itlioin   line,  niidcr  the  sin 
half  miles,  ,ind  the  depth  ol'  w, Iter  .-ix   and   one  li. ill    totweht'   fathoms;  illid  between  the  (  h  ■      i 
Keef  ,ind    I'oit   Orfoiil    Head,  a   dis  laiiee  of  thu  c  and  oiiehalf  miles,  the  depth  of  watei  lai.,' 
Irom  ti'ii  to  twciitv  fathoms. 


;\II.IN(i    IHHDiTInNS. 


$\ 


I 


A  \essel  leaxiii;,'  I'oii  (  bl'ord  and  |ia>siii;;  half  a  mile  tuitside  of  the  Tichenor's  and  Kloi 
Koeks  >l|niild  steer  fioni  Tielielnu's  itoek  north  forty-seven  dej^rees  West  (N.  IT  \\ .)  live  ami  . 
miles,  when  Cajie  Ort'ord  Ia;:ht  house  will  bear  north  (N.).  Table  liock  soiitii  tweiits  de;;recs 
,S.  Ill    NV.).  ami  the    Norlhwi'st    Ibick    north    sixty  det,'rees  west  (N.  (KlMV.)  ;  ami  the  vessi 


1    ■  ,  ' 


thei 
iN. 


I  lie  111  mid  pa>>a;:c 
71     W 


At  tlii> 


posi 


lion  ehaiiue  the  course  to  north  seventy-one  de;;fce: 


and  mil  one  and  three  i|iiarleis  miles  to  clear  all  jiossible  danp'rs  oil  the  I'danco  I' 
At   the  change  of  coiiise   the   depth   of  water  is  twelve   fathoms;  at  the  end  of  the  coiir.-e 

twent\    lallioiiis. 


(' 


ill;;  lioiii  the  north  a  vessid    miisl    keep  t\ 


dies  outside  the  li;;lit  house  until  it 


iioith  lifty  de;,'recs  ea>i  (N.  ,jo    I!.)  and  Table  Itoek  south  thirty  de^jrees  ciiKt  (S.  .'il»    ll.),  "li- 


I   vi 


* 


I'ACll'IC    ('((AST    I'll, or. 


MSf) 


liKlr  iiioii'  tliiiii  two  iiiilt'.s;  tlit'ii  liiuil  ill  cii.sl  It.v  Koiifli  llircc  i|iiiiil('is  south  (M.  Iiv  S.  'f  S.)  Idwaiils 
tin  lii;;lii'st  l»art  of  llic  ,v«'ll(i\v  liliitV  lictwccii  I'.lk  IJivcr  iiml  I'ml  OiIukI  licail.  Wlifii  llic  lit;lit 
li(';r-  iiiiilli  (N.)  iiiiil  tlif  Norlliui'st  li'dck  lu'iirs  sdiitliwcst  hy  west  liiilf  west  (S\V.  Iiy  \V.  .\  \V.) 
vti'i  I  <-(iiitliciist  (SI'',.)  Iiv«'  aiitl  a  lialt'  mill's  to  clt'ar  'I'iclifiior'.s  Kock  hall'  a  mile. 

A  sliipiiiastfi'  accustoiiu'd  to  run  li.v  raiip's  may  iiiakt'  a  stiaifjlit  course  tlirouyli  the  Orford 
Chiiiiirl,  as  follows: 

liM'omiii;;  lip  till'  roast  soutinvanl  of  Port  Orforil,  luiii^'  ("a](i' Oilonl  I-ifiht-lioiiso  to  boar 
11,11 !  i.\M'sl  liy  iioitli  (N  W.  by  N.)  ami  keep  it  iM-aiiiij;  so  until  tlif  m'sscI  is  lu'ariy  our  milt'  jiast  tlio 

Kl jiii'li  Hock.     This  course  will  run  within  oiiethii'il  of  a  mile  of  that   roeU,  lint  there  is  ]ilenty 

ni  u  iler.  over  twelve  fallioiiis,  anil  no  known  sunken  ilan;;ers.  When  almost  one  mile  past  Kioo- 
,;iii  h  Itock  the  southeru  extremity  of  'riclieiior's  IJoek  shonlil  lie  on  with  tiie  eastern  extremity  of 
M">i|iieli  K'ock  ;  if  they  are  not  on,  lirinj^'  them  on,  anil  oliserve  some  point  of  the  lanil  to  the 
.  iii;li\varil  of  lliimlmi;  Mountain  in  i'an};e  at  the  same  time,  ('liaise  the  course  to  tliat  ran^^e, 
uliK  h  Is  north  lift.\  live  i!c;^rees  west  (N.  .").">  W .),  aiiil  run  closely  on  it  until  Pyramid  Itock  of  the 
l;i.!  ic  ,1  Keef  is  on  with  the  lif^lil  house,  when  yon  will  lie  all  clear  of  the  reets  ami  may  shape  your 
,  ,:  ..•  accoriliii;;ly.  On  this  raii>,'e  the  closest  approach  to  the  ilaii;;ers  ot'  tlie  (tifonl  lleef  will  bo 
.,;:i  liiiiil  of  a  mile  on  the  port  hainl,  when  the  lon;^',  narrow.  lilaeU  roi'k  ami  the  Pyramidal  Kock 
I  ,r  I'llaiM'o  li'eef  are  in  ran;;e;  and  the  closest  aiiproaeh  to  the  tliirleeii feet  rock  nf  tlie  lUanco 
:. '  !  \\  ill  1<e  one-third  of  a  mile  lUi  the  starlmard  hand,  when  the  li;;lit  house  is  nearly  abeam  ami 
\irii  l.'ock  shows  to  the  westward  clear  of  'I'alilo  Rock  and  its  nci;;libor  I'.ird  itock. 

Atter  this  raii};e  is  once  obtained  it  may  be  used  also  in  running'  to  the  southward  throu;;h 
■\i\>  rliaiiiiel. 

I'.vcn  the  lar;;er  steaniers  frei|nently  ^ro  throii;;h  this  "haiincl  when  Imund  northwi'.rd  diiriii}! 

■|ir  inavy  noithwcsl  winds  and  the  lart;e  swell  of  the  Mimiiiei  monih.s,  but  ii  is  iinadvisable  to  do 

1  :n  uidinaiy  weather;  and  when  the  atmosphere  is  lia/y  or  the  foi;  is  I  lireatciiiii;;- to  come  in,  a 

I  .-■  1  should  not  attempt  the  passaj:e.     All  the  smalici-  coast in;r  steamers  ;_'o  tliiim;;li  the  channel. 

As  a  {general  diiection  to  vessels  passinj;'  through   the  ciiaiiiiel,  iiioie  especially  apidicable  to 

^  lil  ii;,'  vessels  beatiii;;'  through,  this  may  be  f,'i\eii  :   Keep  to  tl astuard  of  all  the  kelp  border- 

irj  ■\i\-  Orlbrd  lieef,  and  especially  a\oid  the  kelp  in  tin'  iioitheiii  limil  of  the  reef  because  there. 
.  Kiimwii  to  be  fliree  fathoms  ami  possilily  less  in  it  wlu'ii  'I'alile  Koek  and  West  Conical  Pock  ai'O 
;,  riiiue.  The  steam collii  r  Victofiii  is  supposed  to  lia\e  struck  in  this  jiateli.  And  care  must  i»e 
,1.1  11  to  avoid  the  daii;,'eis  of  the  lllanco  Peef  where  the  kelp  iloes  not  leaeli  out  cpiite  so  far  as 
•  r  iinki'U  rock  with  tliiileen  feet  of  water  upon  it,  the  outermost  known  danuer  of  that  reef,  and 
>  Ii,'  h  lies  on  the  raii;re  oi'  the  lii;iliest  point  of  Table  l.'ock  and  .\rcli  Pock.  .Miove  all,  keep  out 
:  lie  kelp,  and  if  in  an  cniei'fieney  a  vessel  should  hajipcu  amoiiu  it.  run  tliroiij,'h  any  lanes  of 
,.ii  water  that  may  l(e  practicable  rather  than  throii-li  the  thick  part  ol   the  field. 

I  >ii  the  <'oast  Survey  chart  the  passage  is  called  the  Steamer  (ha  iiiiel,  which  was  a  provisional 
,  iii  adopted  in  the  reconnaissance  of  ISo.'?. 

It  Is  usually  iissiimed  that  Martin  de  .V;;uilar,  conimandliiu  the  second  of  Vi/caiiio"s  vessels, 

•iMJicd  the  latitude  of  l;'>    where  he  foumi  a  white  point,  which  he  called  HI  Cabo  I'.lanco.  where 

■!;.' oast  beirins  to  stretch  to  the  uiuthwest.     There  is  no  jiroof  that  he  was  in  this  latitude  be- 

•hi   the  fact  of   his  having    sailed   with  a  .southerly  wind   northward  of  Iteddiiit:   I{ock.     It  is 

II  IC  probable  that  he  was  not   much  lii;;licr  than   the  latitude  of  IL'  .  and  that   he  attempted  to 
■ ;  '.I  Smith's  Piver  or  the  (lietko;  because  he  says  that  near  Cape  I'.laiico  there  is  a  lar^rc  river 

■i-  much  water,  deep,  and  haviiii;  its  banks  coveieil  with  ash  trees,  willows,  and  other  Spanish 

ri-:  and  he  was  desirous  of  puttiii;;  into  it,  but   the  currents  prevented  him.     It  is  not  very 

':l,i  l\  that  he  was  as  hij;li  as  the  K'o.uuc  Piver,  because  that  dan^'crous  reef  would  have  made  him 

:  iii.jciitly  keep  outside  of  it  in  southerly  weather.     No  meutioii  of  such  a  river  is  made  on  Viz- 

'"s  chart,  which  only  p)es  to  latitude  IJ  ,  and  the  important  landmark  of  the  Orford  Peef  is 

".inlin;;. 

Ill  the  voya^'c  of  the  Sidil  and  M<  liatini,  in  IT'.t'J,  we  have  the  coastline  from  Mendocino  to 
'  nc  Orford  fairly  well  laid  down  on  a  small  scale,  with  the  important  reefs  in  );(">d  relation. 
I  I'l-  chart  desi;;naics  the  cape  as  C.  lUaiico  de  Martin  dc  Aciiilar. 

Ill  the  second  expedition  of  Don  I'.rnno  de  llcceta,  in  the  S(iiiti,iiii>,m  \:">,  he  mentious  tliat 
'■■'  I  iiiliide  I.}    there  were  "ten  small  islets  distant  one  and  a  half  lea^iiics  from  the  laud,  together 
>M!li  many  sunken  rocks."     in  tliin  expedition  the  schooner  lulicithul  [Siinont)  was  separated  from 
IT'.Ml  V  C l-T* 


'^ 


■■\  ( 


:'it 


li 


I 


886 


i'.\(  ii'u:  coAsr  I'li.oT. 


till'  rii;,';itf,  1111(1  Don  .Iniiii  dc  la  r.oilfua  \  <j»iMtIra  (Ifsciilics  tlic  (Mpc  as  an  ahnipt  talili'  pmii .  i  ir- 
iiilo  tilt'  sea  and  marked  In  wiiilt-  palclirs,  willi  a  nnndicnil'  ••  I'aialioucs"  l.\  iny;  in  Ihc  .smiil  usi 
tif  tiir  iMpc.  Mr  sa.NS  it  is  tJirralMi  Ulancodf  A^Miilar,  ami  Ml  ('aim  Udi^tMicias  (of  lli'llini'^  <  >.iii 
ol'  IT.'id  and  17<1(>). 

Thr  name  Ononl  was  ^ivcn  liv   N'amonMr  in   I  T'.ti',  ami  lir  placed  il   in  lalilndi'  IL'    'C  .    (ii: 
the  "e>|ern  coast  iliis  inline  is  the  more  ''eneial!\  nx'd. 


hiitlot  de  Mnl'ias  on  li is  elicit  calls  it  ('.  I'.laneo  de   A ;^ Hilar.  I)ili;;eiieias.  or  Oilunl  ( ls|  i 
rilteeii  miles  West  l>.\   lioitli  (Voin   Cajie  Oiluid    l.a    I'lionse  stales  that    he   had    soiiiid 


in     •.  u; 

seventy  live  t'alhoms. 

We  tiist  \  isiled  the  cape  in  isr.l  in  select  a  iiosition  (or  the  li;:ht  house,  and  in  I.S,"i.i  we  Im^  ,i,.|| 
the  principal  islets  of  the  reef.  In  jsiiit  ;i  s|iecial  ciiait  oT  this  re;,'iiiii  v\,is  published  liy  the  I  s. 
<\iast  SiiivcN. 

The  views  li'oin  ditlereiit  dii lions  cleails   exhibit  the  cliaiaclerislies  ol'  the  reel'  isicH.  .iiiij 

also  tlio  pecidiai'itli's  and  relation  of  the  cape  to  the  mainland. 

DK.Krsi'.A    SiHNDIMiS   nlT   CAl'i;   (UM-'i  il.M). 


ill 


«f  1 


If  I 


m 


These  s<iiiiidin;;s  were  made  1>\  the  I'.  S.  steamship  Tiisninini  on  the  L'ltli  and  -."ith  d  Or 
toller.  IsT:!. 


l>i-.t;itir.  ;»lMn»';trltiC 

ii.Hij  I 'up.  ciir..i.i 


ilit.t. 

:'.■:  N  -0  w 

;iii  N  -e  \v 

SB  N  -KJ  u 


l..ll>tlhlr 


in« 


•A     \V 


ICll        S.  >•'■'•    w 


.•ri;;ilMili> 


Ijr.     II 


ij   -t        r.'.-    1" 


l),  pill 


ll'';llirrllll.Mt> 


'lial.i.  In  nl   bull. .Ill 


;i.'>.  i^       rl:i\  unit  tiiiiil. 
I  I'lay,  mini.  ;iii<1  H|H'rkH  ..I  l.hi.  1.  saml. 


I,  nut 


,  Willi  i.,iiti.li>...r  ^.ni.l 


\".  li.tW    IiIi.WII  ih./f 


Till    liiiriilKim   Insliiifi    i'.iluii  Cinniit. — The  hiinn,  a  steam  launch  (innniiii;   from   .\ 


SlOII.I     111 


11 


Waco)  \\  .1 


s  toued  111  near  Cape  <  (rturd.  w  heie  .-.he  was  cast  ot1,  and  then  til  i  fled  north  waul  in  tin 


l)a\idsoii  Inshoie  laldy  Ciirreiil  to  the  Alse,\a  llixei,  a  distance  of  niiielvlive  miU-.s. 

Tin;  roAsr  mumhwai;!)  ni-  cait.  (iim'oki). 


hi 


i- 


iM' 


ilenn-nl  J\ntHrfs.—  Vvo\\\  Toiiil  lloneta  to  ('ape  Meiidociiio  the  extent  of  the  shoreline  is  iwn 
hiiiidicd  and  twenty  three  miles ;  and  to  ( 'ape  ( )i  ford  three  li'iiidred  and  ei;jlily  miles.  .\i  (  ipi 
Mendocino  the  jircal  laii^e  of  moniitains  coiiiini;  from  the  soiitlieast  lireaks  inimedialely  iipnniin' 
coast  line.  The  mountains  from  the  noillieast  do  not  reach  Ihe  coast  so  low  dow  n  as  the  cape,  nnl 
there  is  11  Inoad  xaliey  near  the  shores  occupied  by  llnmboldl  l!ay,  I'.el  Kiver,  .Mad  l!i\ii..:i 
Thence  iioi  tliwaid  the  mountain  masses  come  'lose  upon  the  coast  in  liei;:lits  fioiii  three  to  imhi' 
than  four  lliiiiisand  feet.  TIicm'  mountains  ha  ve  j;eneriil!y  forests  to  tiieir  siiiuiiiils  ;  all  the  \  :i!li  \s 
arelii:i\il\  wdoded.  In  the  laliliide  of  I'oiiit  Saint  ( leor^e  the  coast  monniains  are  auain  pn  ^>iil 
eastw.iid  to  form  the  tlaiikiii;;  masses  of  the  .Siskiyou  Kaiijje,  which  reinhes  an  elevation  of  hmt 
scMii  thousand  fi'ct  at  less  than  thirty  miles  fioiii  the  coa>l  line.  All  these  peaks  are  rcco-iu/iil 
li\  till'  iiavi;rat>ir>  as  l.indfalis,  but  their  j,'eo;,'raiiliical  positions  are  not  yet  known. 

Theme  to  Caiie  Oilord  the  riinj;cs  are  badly  liiokeii,  but  they  press  ii]ioii  the  slmrc  in 
lii^'li,  wooded  cresllines  of  two  thousand  to  three  thousand  feet  elevation.  Northward  of  <  ip. 
Orford  Ihe  appearance  and  nature  of  llie  imiucdiate  coasl-line  assume  a  marked  chan^'c.  IIp  i. 
is  a  •.'(•neral  breakdown  in  the  coast  moiiulaiiis.  made  more  iMomineiit  In  the  lii;,di,  massive  iim  :  i:- 
ain   raiii'e  behind  Ihe  Orford  r.i;.dit.     We  reach  Ion;;  lines  of  hi;;h,  bii^dit  sand  dunes,  backul  '.•■• 


low,  )iiiie covered  hills  with   ;:elltle  slopes, 
he.idlaiiils  of  mmlerate  hei^dil.     (Mi  the  sea 


The  lines  of  sand  dii'e  :;  are   broken  by   bold,  i" 
face  and  Ihe  sonthern  sides  of  iiianv  of  these  pp 


iient  capes  trees  do  noi   ;;row.  and  tlii'V  iireseiit  a  brij;ht,  lively  ;;reeii  of  fern,  {.'riiss.  and  bii-i 


Tl 


le  luoiintains  lii'hiiii 


1  these  are  not  so  lii;;h  as  to  the  .southward,  and  they  have  even  less  re;;nl.ii 


ilv  of  ciiiiliniiitv  anion;,'  tlieiii. 


The  forests  are  very  dense  Ihroii^'h  valley  and  over  mountaii 


Tl 


le  ''ciiera 


1  line  lit  the  coast  is  very  slrai;;ht.  and  the  rocky  heads  obtain  promiiieiKH' 


Imiii~I 


wLollv  on  account  of  liie  hnv,  sandy  shores  on  each  side  of  them.     A  marked  feature  thence  to  ihc 


rAf'IKIC    (JOAST    IMI.OT. 


;<H7 


(    .liiiriliiik  \i\\fV  isllic  iilisclicfor  iilill.Nili;,'  (liin;;crs,  Hllrli  iis  reels,  islets  or  isliiliils,  lie,\  mill  Iheilll- 

li.ile  sliiiii'S.     The  loeU.v  islel  Dillsliiliiliii;;  llio  riilllieNl   is 'I'illailioitk  liiiek.oiie  iiiiil  one  i|iiMl'ler 

.  •;  (ilV 'rilliiniDoU  lle;iil;  lull  tliiit   iliiii;;ei'  is  now  iiiiU'ked  liv  a  ii.ulil  Imiise  anil  In;;  si<{iial. 

I'loiii  rape  nninil   to  rape   DisappDiiiliiieiil,  ji  i  list  a  me  iil'  t\Mi  liiiinlieil  ami  ei;,'lit  iiiileN,  I  Ik; 

.,  is|  is  remmkahi.v  slral;;lit,  in  no  i-ase  leliealin;,'  tiioie  than  eleven  miles  to  the  easlwaiil  of  tlio 

i,:  .'  |niiilii;r  tiieiii,  aiiil  that  is  alioiit  sixty  miles  to  the  iioi  thwai'il  of  <'ape  Orl'inil. 

S'litlliirniil of  Viipr  ihfonl  tiie  slinie  line  tieiiils  a  little  east  of  north  tor  ten  miles,  am!  then 
Id  Ihe  noith'iioi'thwest  fur  twenty  one  jniles  to  Cape  (iienoi'y.     l''or  tlii'eo  miles  lieyoml  Capo 

II  111   the  eoast  line  is  eoni|ioseil  of  liiyh,  roekv  elin's,  hioken  liv  the  entranee  of  Sikhs  Itiver, 
.'.  Iiiinleieil  by  roeky  islets,     lieyonil  lliat  are  sanil  dunes  lyinji  in  liont  of  a  Ion;.',  narrow  la;{uoii 

i., ,  iiinu  on  the  ocean  ei^tlit  miles  north  of  the  eape. 

Sil;hs  Uirvr. — This  is  a  small  stream  one  ami  lhreeei;;htlis  miles  north  twenty  ile;,'rees  east 

N  _'(!  I'..)  from  Cape  Orl'oril  F,i;;lit-hoiise.  Jt  is  not  more  than  lit'ly  \arils  wiile  at  the  month, 
'I  rii  opens  between  sanil  spits  iliieelly  alireasf  111' Castle  Itoek.  The  south  spit  is  eomposeil  of 
V I  1. 1  iliiiies  reaehin;;  over  sixty  feel  in  liei;;ht  anil  riinnin;;'  o\er  hail'  a  iiiile  towanls  Cape  ( ht'oril ; 
Mm  nciiih  spit  is  short,  ami  closti  tiniler  the  lii;r|i  ])oiiit,  which  is  two  iiiimli'eil  feet  above  the  sea 
.iii.i  I'cixercil  w  itii  trees  a  short  ilistance  back.     Insiileof  the  mouth  the  stream  widens  ton  reservoir 

111, I  of  over  three  hnndreil  yards  in  diameter  and  then  nairows  ihi(iii;;li  low  ;;roiiiids  which  are 

I.  i\ily  wooded.  Its  course  is  nearly  east  and  west  for  over  lilteen  miles,  in  istll)  f he  ('hanncl 
I  ;i     id  to  the  south  of  the  rocky  leil;;e  and  sand  riil;;e  strelidiiuf;  Iroiii  Castle  Itock  to  the  shore. 

1  -lu  mill  for  inantil'acturin;;  cedar  lumber  is  bein;;  cotistrncted  a  slioil  distance  from  the  month 

■  I     lie  ii\er,  which   Hows  tliron;;h   \alle\s  covered  with  vast  areas  of  the  celebrated  I'orl  Orford 
il.ir;  and   it  is  intended   to  laiild  a   railroad  hence  to  I'oi't  Oiloid  to  transpoit  the  luiid>cr  for 

••li  |iiiient. 

I'lie  river  is  usually  known  as  Sixes  itiver;  in   IS.'d   it   was  called  Sikhs  llivcr,  the  Chinook 
ii.:cin"'  name  for  friend.     The  Indian  villa;,'e  upon   the  Sikhs  was  called  the  'I'eche'hipint,  and 
:  I  .1  name  for  the  stream  is  Sa'-ipne  a-  ine, 

'/'»//  UiH'U. — This  is  a  rocky  islet  lyinj;  one  ndle  north  (N.)  from  Ca]ie  Orford  lii;;lit-lmiise.  It 
M'ly  irre;,Milar  in  outline,  three  hnmlrcd  yards  In  extent,  and,  as  seen  fiom  the  westward, 
liiiM'iits  a  black,  .ia^;;;ed  sea-face,  with  the  summit  maiked  by  two  knobs;  the  principal  one,  at 
•ill  sdulhern  l>art,  is  the  lii;:hcrand  reaches  one  hiindied  and  eighteen  feet  in  liei;.dit.  There  are 
I  I  Ks  and  ilaii;ier8  (tlose  around  it,  and  between  it  and  the  sliuie.  A  duster  of  snukcii  rocks  lies 
.  I  tile  less  than  lialf  way  towards  the  northwest  part  of  Cape  Orford. 

Cii.sllc  ]\ii(k  IK  a  rocky  islet  lyiiifi  thiee  hundred  yards  olf  the  mouth  of  the  Sikhs  River,  and 
I'll- and  a.  half  miles  north  by  east  (N.  by  I'].)  from  Ca|)e  Oifi.id  la;;litliouM'.  It  is  two  hundred 
>  Ills  in  extent  and  rises  abruptly  to  a  lici;;ht  of  one  hundred  and  ei;;lityei;;lit  feet.  The  surface 
I-    iiiiken    by   two  or  three    irrc;;nlar  knobs;   when  seen  timn    the  iiuithwcst  the  not tlicast  face 

■  M  I  han^js  sli^jlitly.     There  are  ei;;lit   or  ten   low  rocks  near  ami  iiiomid  it,  besides  many  «""ken 

III  ks.     The  farthest  outl\inj;  rock  is  three  huiiilred  and  till.N  \ards  to  the  sontliwestwai  '■ 

This  rock  is  ipiite  distinctly  made  out  from  ten  or  twehe  miles  to  seaward  on  accoui  •  its 
M.ick  front  breakin;,'  the  white  line  of  dunes  and  sand   beach. 

There  has  been  no  liydro;;!apliic,  survey   made  iu  the   viciiiit\    of  Castle  Hock  ami  CiuU  liock. 

I'.Uicldork  I'dIiiI. — This  is  the  prccipitoi's,  rocky  point  tliice  miles  north  two-thirds  east  (N.  i;  K.) 
In  III  Cajie  Orford  I,i;,'h1  house.     The  clilfisaboul  one  hnmlicd  and  ninety  feet  hi;jh.  with  a  slnirp 

I t  juttin;;  out   about    three  hundred  ,\aiils.     'fins  sharp  point  is  ii  ^ji  und  its  bast' is  bordered 

i',\  many  rocks  stretchin;;  out  toward  Tower  Ifock  and  beyond,  with  iihiiin  rocks  ami  daiif^ers  on 
i: '  Miiitli  8ide,  On  the  north  side  of  the  clilVpoint  there  is  n  very  deep,  narrow  ravine.  There 
iH  no  trees  on  top  of  the  clilf  for  several  hundred  _\ari')  'i;: 'k  ;  but  two  or  tliiee  buililiu;;s, 
111. inn;,'  as  a  lar^je,  bri/^ht,  low  house,  aie  seen  from  Mcawaiii  apparently  Just  southward  of  the 
I  i  :l  point,  but  in  reality  they  are  on  the  clitV  three  humlred  yards  north  of  the  point. 

'flic  clilVs  to  the  north  of  the  point  are  formed  of  a  very  tine  ^;raiiied  lead  colored  aaiulstoiie, 
-i   t;ilik>  for  buildin;;'  purposes,  now  beiii;,'  i|iiairieil. 

■flie  shorelini-  between  Sikhs  Kiver  and  this  point  is  a  narrow  line  of  sand  dunes,  avera^^in;; 

'    1  lily  feet  in  hei^jhl,  and  a  rather  broad  low-water  sand  beach.     The  blnlfs  rise  behind  this  to 

I  'II  liiindred  feet,  with  a  moderate  slope,  showin;;  ipiite  ;;i'een  ;  and  a  notable  feature  alou;;'  this 

i  irl  stretch  of  shore-line  is  thi^  forest  of  pine«,  half  a  mile  in  extent,  north  and  south,  on  tho 

^1  ilie  of  tli«  tablehiiul,  and  comiujj  dowii  to  forty  feel  above  the  wiiter. 


,-   ^ki 


III..,. 


asH 


I'AcrKic  (iiAsr  iMi.ur. 


IHiiiLliirl;  l.dntliiiii. — <  HV  IiliU'kliM-k  roiiit  llirif  is  a  line  III'  liijjli  ami  low  i-iuKm  cvlriiiliii;,'  III 
i'iit'\  I'll  lini>  til  I  III*  siuitliwi'st  fill'  lira  lis  tliiri'-i|iiartrrH  oi  a  iiiili'.  'I°lii>  lini*  in  iiaiiiiw  and  imi  i  ni 
lilMliiils.  |''iir  tlirci-  liiiiiilii'il  Mil'ils  Imiii  llir  |iii||il  |||i>  iiia>srs  ut'  lork  lirai  l\  Iciitrli  i>iit>  aii'i  in 
ami  iiM-  til  |iiiints  nl'iiiii' liimdrril  |iu'i;;lil\  Irrl  in  liri;rlit.  Toinr  /I'lic/.' is  tin- lii^jiirsi  anil  |iiii 
islfl  ill  this  ii'i't'.      It  lii's  t\Mi  and  srv  rii  ri;;lillis  iiiilis  iiortli  (N.)   Iiiiiii  ('a|M>  Oitnrd    l.i;.'|il 


ll'llMi 


and  si\  liiiiHliid  and  --I'M'iit  vli\i'  \aids  simili  si\i\  d 


r^iiTS  \M 


st    (S.  tld'  W  .)   II,, III   II 


II'   t'Xll 


III'  till'  pill  III.  It  is  liilii'tv  >  aids  ill  I'xii'iit  and  niir  liiinilird  iind  I  wriilv  m\  IitI  rlcv  atinii.  'I  III  I, 
all' tui)  links  licl  vM'i'ii  il  and  tin-  '/'/mm  .v/s/ci.v.  hI' v\  liii  Ii  I  u  n  air  |i\  lainidal  links,  almiil  I'mh  u,i 
ill  i:  1 1,  at  till-  I II II  IT  r  lid  III'  till'  i'ii|ii|iarl  iri  r,  Willi  sis  la  I  In  mis  ul'  w  ali'i'  l  i'|iiii  li'd  iiinli'i'  I  licji  -. 
side.  Oiii>idi'  III'  till'  'I'liwrr  l.'iirk  !.■»  a  Mirk  si\l_\  vaids  in  cxlriil  and  .iliniil  I\M'IiI,\  I'i'i'I  li^ii, 
distant  iiiarl,\  iiall  a  iiiili'  smilli  liv  xm'^I  liall'  wrst  i  S.  I>y  \V.  .\  \\'.),  witli  amillii'i.  al..iul  Mils  i, ,  i 
ill  liri^lit,  nnl.\  l"i>  liiindri'd  and  sr\rnl.\  U\a'  \;m'!s  sihii Ii  siniiliwrsl  (.SSW.i  rnim  Tnwrr  l.'iirK 
'I'liiri'  linnilii'd  \arils  rrmii  'I'iivmt  Ifurk,  and  Iiimiiiil,'  vmsI  nuitliwrsi  (W'N'W.)  rnuii  it,  is  a -iii  ii: 
riii'k  aliiiiit  t\vi>iit,v  t'lTt  lii;:li.  'I'lirrr  i|iiai'lris  nl'  a  iiiili-  suiiiliward  rimii  Tnwir  li'urk  llii'ii'  .  , 
link  tiiiilv  vaids  In  fXtrnt  and  alninl  Iwnilx  I'fi'l  aliii\i'  tin'  sim.  Il  lirs  sli;;lill>  iirai,  i  Ci-I, 
Uiirk  tiiaii  'I'liwi'i'  1,'iii'k  and  Just  iiiilsidi'  nl  tin-  liin-  I'lnni  llir  i.itti'r  In  <liill  Kurk. 


Tli 
li 


'11'  IS  said  11 


mil 


III  a  II  Irii  lalliiiins  III'  w  ali'i'  iiiit^idr  III'  Tnui'i'  1,'iirk  and  its  mill 


lli'llllllinl 


Insiili'  III'  it  and   lirtwini  tin'  'I'liin'  Sislns  and  llir  Tiriii  li'i'il,,  Iwriitv  li\r  li'il   L 


id    1\  ill!;   liair  w  a  V  lirl  With    IIii'   t 


iirniri    anil    I  nun 


1  r. 


l.'iM'k 


IS  a   iiai  row  jiassayi'  i 


r  li'>s  III 


1 1 II  ml  I  I'd  \  aids  in  wnltii,  and  irjiui  Ird  In  liaM'  >i\  la!  In  mis  in  tlii'  iniddli-.  'I'lii'ir  is  alsn  a  |ia~-  i 
«  illl  si\  la  I  111  mis  in  ll.  In  tin'  WrsI  ward  nl'  I  lir  'I'w  III  III  irk.  Iirtui  rll  it  and  a  Inw  inrk,  almill  III' 
I'l'i't  Iiil;!i.  l.\in;,'  niidwa.v  InMwrni  Twin  l.'mk  and   Inwrr  llnrk. 

In  till'  lii;;lit  foriiii'd  li.\   tliiscmxid  iitI'  lir   Iwn  miiiLi  n  ihnuji  is.     Oni'  rniisists  «if  t'.Vii  >li 
|ininlN  nl'  a  liirk   l>  ili;r  tlllrr  lilindliil    NaiiN    -.1111111    I'm  I  V  I  III  it  ilr;  ins  ra>l   ( .S.    I.'l      Iv)  fliMIl   'I'," 


1,'iirk  ;  till'  ntliiT  and  inner  lUii'.  liair  at  rxln  ii 


II'  \t<\\  lull'.' 


|\Mi  liiimliril  and  sixl\   vai 


;lil\    l\M)  ilr;;irrs  i-ast   (  S.  SL.'      I!.i  rinin  'Inw  ir   l.'nilx.      'I'Iu'si-  Minkrll   links   nil'    Irpnilrd    li 
In  I'iulit  lallinliis  1)1'  walrl'  aniiind   tliiin.      ll   is  nndrrslnnd   llial    Imlli  tlirsi' daii;;('l's  \ 


>l'Vi'll 


ili',-liii\  I'll  li\  ih  naniili 


A  wliail,  tun  linndird  and  lliill\   tlirt'i'  vaids  Inny;.  has  linn   laiiird  nilt    I'lnlii   tlio  liiiili 


Ihi' 


mil 


I    sldl'    nl     Ihi'    I 


Mri'lnr    Iniilll    n\  rr  I  In'  links  Inu  aids  Tnu  rl    li'nrk.      At   itsrxllrliilh 


I  ui'iilN -scNi'li    li'i'I    alniM'   till 


and    \i'>mI>   ail'    h 


I    III'    |,ia 


ili'il    I'iniii    tun 


lii'  al 


ir  till'  whail.  hi-adiliu    In  tlir  smilliursl.  in  llili'i'  and  a  li 


nun  till'  uliarl'  a  railrnad   is  ranird   armss  Ihr  dri'ji  I'lihli  nxna  liiiil;.M', 


tri'ii  Inn  I'l.ii.' 

Iliiliis  III'  u  :i:i 

.ii'liri'  alnii':   i' 


lai'i'  nl  till'  ililV  Inr  lliiri'  hniiiin'il  ni  tiiiii  hiinilii'd  .\ari|s  In  Ihr  iii'ilhuaid  In  llii'  stiiiii'  i|ii.i 
Insidi'  ihi'  Inadiny  lirith  llii' ilanj:i'is  am  lliiik  and  nna\  nidalih-.  Aliniit  nut'  linndii'd  ami 
varils  In  till-  I'asl-siilllhi'asl  nl  TnuiT  {{ni'k  lliiTi'  Is  plarid  a  hi'ax.N  liiinnilli;  Imiii.N  III  M'Vi'll  lai 
nl'  U  all'l'. 


<  llli'  M'S>l' 


u  as  In.iili'il   Irnl 


11  a  u  III'  I 'a  I  ill'  St  1 1 'I  I'll  I'd  rrniii  tin'  liiji  111'  till'  I'lilt'tii  a  lliiilv  I'l'i'i  ! 
nick  1\  iiiir  t  u  1,  liiindii'd  and  liliv    \aids  lin'n  ihr  rlill  .mil   din'iilv  east  nf  Tnu  it  IJnik.     ."sin 
iminii'd   iiisidi'  till'    Mirk    in    tliii'i'  and   a   hall' lallinms  nl  walrr.     Althiiii;:li  il  is  riaiiiird  lliai 
111,  il  can  iiiil\   111'  ii'!ati\rl\  sn  aiiinnu  ha/.aidniis  plari's  :   t'nrira  vi'sscl  lsdi>;i' 
Ilirli' is  nn  lin|n'  III' sa\  iliu'    hrl.      .\    |ilinl  n;;ra|ill    nl    I  hi'  w  hai  I'   llnlii    tlii'i 


alii'linia^i'  l.> 


lli'Tr  ami  ^n-'S  a>lin|r 

imlii'ati's  thai  il  is  a  tlrm  stnii'liin'.  rniindrd  ainniiL;  Ihr   links. 

On  till-  (nasi  Siirvi'V  (  harl  nl't'api'  <   llmd  and  rri'l'  I  lii>  |niiiil  is  ralli'd  Itnrkx   I'liiiil. 


Null  I 


if  lllarklni'k  I'liinl    tlm   shini'-.  air  I'niil  innril   a.  a   liaii'  I'lilV  of  aliniil    tin 


lii'i;;lit  as  In  llic  smith  Inr  sninr  dl^laiiii'  :   thru  it    i 
mil  row  Ia;;n(iiis;  into  this  ciiiiilirs  I'lnns  (Hi 
nmth  III  ('api'l)rl'md. 


nils  inin  sand  dillii'S  lirliind    whirli   is  a  hi. 
'11 pciiiiii' (if  tlii.s  watiT  is  ainiiit  ci.^lil  h 


riiiiiMl.i.K   liivr.l! 


Fnini  Cajn'  Orl'md  la-lit  In  Ihi'  mmilli  nlllii'  ('mpiilli'  l.'ivcr,  in  latitude  I.T  HT',  the  coiii-'  I'l 
the  ('nasi  line  i>  almii>l  csaitly  iimlli  (N.)  Inr  ei;:lilei'll  niilis.  with  a  slight  em  \  c,  nl' I  u  iiinil,  I' 
the  eastward  alimil  iniiluax.      .Mniii;  this  shine  the  siiiinilin;:s  i'aii;;e  rrmii  seven  tn  lil'teeii  lalli!''!- 


it   the  distaliee  nl' iine  mile  Inmi    Ihe   lieaili 


Nnilliwaid  111'  I'"liii'es  Cretdi  the  line  iif  sand  ilmii 


III  liiiiii 
ml  lieavih   wnnded,  Inr  the  iiiaiu  .sticiiiii  of  the  (.'injuini' 


inliliniles  III   Ihe  Cnipiille,   risili;.;   appaielillv    In  a    hei;;ht    (if  .sevellt.V  feet  in  some  place: 
lhe.se  ILl- L'ouiitiy  is  emupaiativel.v    low   a 


I'Acii'ic  coAsr  I'li.or. 


;{«!) 


MV 


oMiifS  ill  fniin  tlu' iioilluMsl  wlicii'it  iiciiily  rfiiclics  llic  soutli  loiK  nt'  ilic  Kods  IJivcr.  'I'licrc  iiic 
liiii  s  of  Inn  III  Uivv^i  \  isililt' a  slioi'l  iljstiinci'  iiiliiiiil. 

'I'lic  l.iiiiliiiiiik  lov  llif  t'litiMiicc  ol  lliis  sliciiiii  is  llic  iiMi(l('inti'l,\  lii;;li  jiiiil  |)jiriiiill_v  wooilcd 
lir  iilliiiiil  riiriiiiii^  llir  Miiiili  iKiiiii  III'  (III-  iMitiaiiir.  Tlie  iiiiitli  |iiijiit  is  ii  litii;:,  low,  iiarniw  .sjiit  iit' 
(111  ny  saml  (liiiics  covficil  with  ln'a\_v  (liili  luus,  and  wliii  li  iialiiially  varies  lis  slia|i(',  I'Xlciil,  ami 
|ic. ,111011,  accoKJiii;;  til  Ilic  Corcc  of  the  wiiiiir  siiuiiis.  'I'lu'  siiulli  |iii:iil  is  a  iiiri»y  liliilV  fniiii  sivly 
im  <iii('  IiiiiiiIii'iI  fci't  liitiii,  ImiI  ^riii'iallN   it  is  Imiili'iril  liy  a  iiariuw  liiii'  of  miiiiI  liiiiii's. 

(hi  till'  lioitli  siilc  of  llir  soiilli  I II  lint,  iii'iir  tin-  cil;;!'  of  the  lijiill  w  lirii-  jl  is  al)iiiit  one  lilllidrt'il 
|.  I  I  llij^li,  arc  two  III'  llilci-  lii;;li,  loi'ky,  oii|riii|i|iiii^Mii  Inillrs  lisjii;;  iiIiuM'  the  ;;rlirial  lr\i'l  of  Ilic 
!  iMi' land.  'I'lic  lii;;lii's|  of  ilii'sc  is  lorall.s  LiMiwii  as  (/(7<)i(/^(/' and  rises  alioiil  one  Inindred  and 
•.i\i\  leel  alioxe  Ilic  sea,  or  sixty  feel  alio\e  llie  liliill.  Il  is  used  as  a  loiikoiil  seaward  IVolii  wliieli 
In  iM  el  tain  the  eondi lion  of  I  lie  liar. 

(tiilside  of  the  line  of  sand  dunes  of  the  Nniitli  |ioiiil  there  is  a  cliisler  of  locks  <ir  loeky  islets, 
III!  Iii;;hesl  nearly  as  lii^li  as  thir  clilVs.     'Ilic  oiilerinnsl  is  a  I  ton  I  half  a  mile  In  nil  the  shore. 

The  outer  liij;li  roeksoll'  the  sun  III  iminl  of  the  en  I  ranee  to  the  < 'mini  lie  K'iNcr  In  :ir  from  Cape 
(hloid  north  two  dc;ireeM  ivcsl  (N.  'J'  W.),  distant  seventeen  and  oiielliiiil  miles,  and  Ihi^ 
I  .'i|iiille  r.reak  liears  north  six  de;;rces  west  (N.  (i  '  \\  .}.  distant  ii;;lilec,i  and  one  third  miles,  In 
Hill  dislaiiee  the  reecssloii  of  tin  shore  to  the  easi  waid  is  only  one  and  a  half  milcsalioiil  midway. 

'Ilic  lilaeklock  elilt's,  alimit  one  and  a  half  iiiilcs  in  extent,  vary  in  hei;;lit  I'roiii  on(^  Iiniidred 
hmI  lllly  to  forty  feel,  dcercasiii;;  to  the  noilhwanl.  Northward  of  IIicm'  liri;ihl  elilt's  there  is  a 
siicli'h  of  nearly  eleven  miles  of  low,  saiid\  licaeh ;  then  two  and  a  half  miles  of  liiokcn,  irit';;iilar 
(lilts  to  the  south  point  of  the  ('iii|nillc  eiilraiiee.  'I'lie  low,  sandy  shore  hiisloiij^,  narrow  la;;doiis 
Im  hind  it  as  if  a  wave  of  sand  scpaialcd  I  hem  from  tl  c  sea  ;  liehind  the  la;:iioiis  the  land  is  covered 
uiih  trees,  and  rises  {gently  to  one  thousand  feel  ele\aliiiii  in  two  or  lliiee  miles.  This  Iieiieli 
\.iiies  ill  eharaeter;  at  limes  it  is  Inoad,  haid  and  sinoolh,  at  <itlicr  times  it  is  sleep,  roii^^h,  and 
.-((It. 

in  l(SS7  l-'liins  /,((/(V,one  hundred  |oci;;lil  hnnilieil  \ards  wide,  thrceanda  half  miles  loii^  and 
•  (  .iilin^;'  Just  liehind  the  north  end  of  the  Ulaiklock  elills,  had  no  oiillcl. 

\i  ic  Ltthr,  one  mile  Ion;;,  just  inside  I  iic  lieaeh,  had  no  onllet ;  its  north  end  is  nine  and  two, 
iliiiils  miles  norlliward  of  (  ape  Orfoid.  (Mi  the  inside  of  the  lake,  two  miles  from  the  beach 
iIm  le  is  a  store,  hotel,  hlacksmilh  shop,  and  pust-olliee,  known  as  '•  New   Lake."' 

Another  Ion;,'  and  narrow  lake  just  inside  the  licaeh  is  two  inilo  Ion;;;  the  north  end  is 
ilMileeii  miles  from  ( 'ape  Orford  ;  the  lake  has  no  naiiie.  At  fdiirtecii  and  I  wo  llilrds  mih's  from 
t'api!  Driord  there  is  a  small  mouth  of  a  very  narrow  la;,'oou  one  mile  l«my;  il  lias  no  name. 

('(Hjrii.i.i',  I'diNT. 

Two  miles  south  of  this  point  is  the  lirst  lii;;li,  mcky  islet,  sixty  feet  al»o\e  (lie  sea  and  eoii- 
!.'  (  led  with  the  licaeh  hy  idcksand  foul  lioltuin.  IJeluecn  this  rock  and  the  point  there  is  another 
lie  of  beach  twdthiiils  of  a  mile  lon^;,  tliiiiii;;li    which   breaks  .lohnson's  Creek. 

The  Davidson  Inshore  I'.ddy  Cnricnt  has  li!dii;;lit  redwood  diilt  lo;;s  and  trunks  of  trees  aloii;; 
ill'  line  of  beach  between  (ape  Orl'oid  and  Coipiille  Point. 

The  three  miles  of  .shore  soulhwaid  of  the   eiiliaine  to  the  Coipiille  Kiver  is  a  bliilf  headland 

I  (ii;,'iii;,Mii  JieiKht  fi'om  forty  to  one  hundred  i'wt.     Thceoiinlry  behind    is  comparatively   llaf  ami 

-  ciivered  with  trees,  with  small  ;;rassy  opeiiiii;;s.     The  shine  line  is  broken  and  irre;iular,  and  is 

.■nlcrcil  with  rocks  that  extend  as  far  out  as  half  a  mile.     There  area  iiumbei' of  selllers'  hou.ses, 

ciii'ially  painted   while,  seattei'cd  aloii;;'  the  e(l;;i' of  Ihe  bliilfs. 

The  point  itself  is  lifty  to  sixty  feel  above  the  .sea,  with  several  laru illyin;;  rocks  reachin;; 

•i\ly  live,  feet  elevation.  I'.ack  from  the  shore  are  the  usual  pine  trees.  Above  the  ;;cneral  surface, 
(iiil  altove,  the  trees,  rises  an  abiii|il  rocky  biitle  named  '/'/(/'/(i c'.v  /uxA'  to  an  elevation  of  one 
-luiidrcd  auil  liftylive  leet  above  the  .sea.  Il  is  mar  the  .south  shore,  inside  the  entrance  to  the 
ii\ir,  and  is  a  very  promincnl  land  mark.     It  was  foiinerly  known  as  (liliraltar. 

OIV  the  point  .several  smaller  rocks  extend  beyond  the  lar;;er  and  hi^dier  ones;  and  sonic 
Miiikcii  daii;;ei's. 

About  a  (luarter  of  a  mile  outside  the  visible  rocks  there  is  a  sinikni  roilc,  visible  at  extri-nie 
low  tides;  and  at  an  estimated  distance  of  one  ipiartcr  of  a  mile  west  northwest  (WNNV.)  from 
this  dauber  there  is  another  xinihdi  nxL  on  which  the  stc.iin  .ship  Orijiumnw  struck  in  l.SO'.t. 


^ 


3110 


PACIl'ir    CdASI-    I'lIvOT, 


'Hi 


VoiiiiiUr  l\\Vfr  Ixcif. — Altoiit  out'  iiiili'  wt'stsoiitljwcst  fiM)in  the  I'XtnMiiitv  of  tlio  rock.v  clnl  ,.|i 
tliosoutlisiilfof  tlic  river  ontriincotlK'n'  arc  t  wo  nicksiiwasli.  Tlit>si>  an>  «lonl)tloNs  a  continuiiKiii 
of  llio  liijili  idiUy  masses  otniie  jtoint. 

r.iit  outside  this  (lanpT  and  to  tlie  nort  Invest  ward  tliere  is  a  sunken  rock  njxm  wliieli  tin  v,  , 
breaks  very  seldom,  and  only  when  tlieie  is  a  Iart;(>  swell  from  the  southwest.  This  dant;i'i  I,,  v 
on  the  i)rolon;;ation  of  the  present  jetty  at  the  south  side  of  the  river,  and  a  little  mine  flian  om 
and  liv  .•ijihths  miles  from  its  seaward  extrtniity.  Tin  'laracter  of  the  beach  ami  the  dircrion 
of  tiio  swell  suj;;;t'st  that  the  reck  has  a  \ertical  face  to  iue  sonfhwesf,  and  that  it  issharpal  i  :  .• 
angles  thereto.  During;-  the  J.eavy  swell  the  waier  -.as  disturbed  l»etv,een  the  rock  and  the  .sImu  , 
as  if  thero  was  a  deep  lcd{,'e  between  them. 

V'roiu  Topper's  Ivoik  *)n  tln>  soniii  i>oint,  this  hid, leu  ilan;rer  lies  north  eiy;litylive  dcj.'ii,s 
wtst  (X.  S.")*^'  V.'.i,  (iistant  one  and  seven  ei;;iili)s  mii>'s;  and  from  tiie  two  rocks  awash  oil  In 
south  point  it  lies  north  thirty  eiylit  de^jrees  west    ^^■.  .'5.S"  'N'.),  distant  om'  and  (Uie  ei};htli  m:  ■ 

This  dan^;er  has  been  named  the  ('oiiuille  h'nck. 

Ciiiiuille  Hock — Ihiiiji. — On  the  ll'tli  of  Ma\,  ISS'.i,  a  /(>.s7  (7((.s'.v  hm«/»»«.i/,  painted  red  aini   > 
tcred  <■(  )(^ri  I.TFi  in  irlntr  was  moorcii  in  fourteen  and  a  halt'  fathoms  of  water  about  tw.i  hiiiiil!'  .1 
yards  wcsi-norlhwcst  from  tiie  break  on  the  Cotpiille  Kock. 

From  tile  buoy  the  jetty  is  seen  end  on  and  bears  east  one-eij;hth  south  (1",.  1  S.I,  distain  :. 
and  eleveiisixtci'uths  miles.  Tlie  rocks  a  .vash  off  the  south  point  ln-ar  southeast  three-(|ii,n  ,;- 
south  'Si;.  ■;  S.l. 

The  treopraphieal  iiositioii  of  Tuppei's  Kock,  as  determined  approximately  './y  the  ('..S.  (  ,,,,■ 
and  Cicodetic  Survi'v,  is  : 


l.:ililU(li' 


I... 


itiult' 


■i;!    (If.    i;i    111. nil 


The  mauiietic  variation  in  .lanimry,  ISS.j,  was  I'.P  Id'  <'ast,  with  a  yi'arl\  ini'H'a.se  of  I'.tl. 

/.(/«(//'<i//.N. —  Inside   the  coast  line  between  C.ipe  (iitord  and  tiic  Coipiille  lii\er  there  au-  I'.u, 
hif.'h  peaks  w  ithin  reasonable  distances  as  landmarks  in  fair  weather.     .V(((/W/<'  I'tuk  is  wooded  ,,i,,| 
rise-  to  twent.N  six  hiindrt  d  anil  se\t'iityti\e  feet  elevation  ;  it   lii  <  north  lifty  eijihl  dc^;rcesr,>; 
(N,  ,.iS'  i;.)  ten  and  a  (piailer  miles  Iroiu  ('ajie  Orloiil  I.i^;lil  house.     Nearer  the  coast  is  <Vh/)(  ■  i: 
of  liiilin,  co\  eri  d  with   It.ii  .-t  and  twenty  toni  hundied  and  i'i;;hty  feel  above  the  .se!i.     It  lies  ik    :i 
liftyl'iitii  dej:ic(  >  east  (N.al     1".. )  si\  tii  and  two  thirds  miles  Itoiii  Cape  Orford  l.i^'hthouse.     I 
these  ma\  be  adilcd  lliild  luiliji ,  v't'^h',  miles  north  t  «fnt.\eif:ht  degrees  «'ast  ;N.1'S  ■  I',.);  Iiliiiiiiil  7 
nine  and  a  half  miles  noith  thiity-oiie  tiegrees  east  (N.  .'il^  K.),  and   Jhinl  Tnv  KhUje  only  i 
and  a  half  miles  ludiind  the  shoreline  and   twelve  and   a  half  miles  north  til'tcen  dcfirees  t.i- 


iN. 


i: 


nil  Ciiie  Oilord   Li«lit-liouse.     Dtsid  'I'ree  liidiri' is  seven  miles  southeast  bv 


(SI"-,  by  S.)  tVoiii  t'oipiilie  Point. 

In    IS.sT    tUtjitty  iiinniiij;  out   linin    the  south    point  of  the  ('(wpiille  entrance  was  on 
hiiiiiliiil  and    lliii'N    yanls   fnnii    hij^li  water  m:irk   to  get    ti'ii   feet  depth  at  the  extremiix 
shoaling  had  taken  place  ami  there  w.is  thi'ii  only  a  depth  of  li\e  feet. 


In  I) 


eccmbci'  tile  Ilea  \\  soul  lie.i.-.i  :.;ale  (ill  1  ied  awu\  one  h  II  ml  red  feet  near  the  middle  set  i 


L'acklil)   l,'ii(k  is  twelve  let  t  abo\e   high  water. 

lidii  Ion,  on  the  side  i  if  the  river  J  list  inside  iiie  entrance,  is  a  small  tow  n  uf  about  twenty  iim 
1  \Mi  miles  Mtiitlieast  of  the  tow  11  there  is  a  small  sa« -null  with  a  eapacitv  of  cutting  eight  thoii 
feet  of  lumber  a  da\. 


li'muliiljih  has  eight  or  ten  house; 


It    IS  .--i 


tiialed  live  miles  from  tliemoiithof  the  river,  on  li 


light   bank. 

Piiiki  rslniifi  has  aliout  lilteen  lioiHes;  it  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  liver  about  .scv. 
miles  iiciiii  the  iiMiiitli.  and   ha--  a  steam  sawmill  with  a  capacilx  of  thirty  tlioiisand  feel  a  d.i;.. 

(''■.j'lilli  ('ill/  is  a  town  cif  livi  liiiiidii'd  nilialnlanls  ;  i(  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  i.l  ij 
rixci  alioiit  twenty  three  miles  Iroiii  iiie  month.  It  is  eoiinerted  by  road  with  ICcmis  l!ay,  and  i  • 
a  daily  mail  ai'o  stage. 

Cliiuiiii-s,  <  ic. — The  opening  of  till  river  was  never  the  same  during  consecutive  season.-,  h. 
IS.'jl  the  mnlherii  sand  pinnt  streteheii  southward  and  ended  at  these  rocks,  so  that  the  eh.iiiiirl 
ran  between  them  and  the  1  liilf  shore,  and  there  was  only  three  feet  of  water  «in  the  bar.  In  lli" 
winter  of  that  vcar  the  boats  of  theNlcamer  Stn  <;i/// could  not  cross  the  bar,  but  elVei'led  a  li.i/ 
ardoiis  landing  niidei  the  proleeiion  of  the  iivks.  Siibseipiently  boats  were  brmight  n\>  liom  I'l'M 
Orford  by  laml  in  order  to  e\ploie  the  iiver.     In  the  livdrogniphie,  recoiiiiaiH.sance  of  lS.")!)|lii' 


Ti" 


I'AM !•'!(!    COAST    I'li.OT.  39J 

111  .iiili  of  tlui  river  liad  moved  lioilily  to  the  iiortbwiinl  iiiid  opened  seaward  to  tli.  north  of  all  tho 
I,.,  Ks  except  tlie  I\itikli_l)'  /i'"(7i-,  whicli  had  jirev  ioiisly  heen  anion};  tlu^  dunes  and  was  then  at 
tin'  cxlreniitv  of  the  north  spit.     There  was  lull  three  feet  of  water  on  the  liar. 

In  iSSO  the  (ioveiinnent  «'n;;ineers  developed  a  ]ilan  for  (iivinj;  utahilitv  to 'die  ehannt  1  and 
;i  I  nasiii};  the  depth  on  the  har  to  ten  feet  of  water.  IL  is  proposed  to  (Wrr.y  a  half  tide  Jetty 
(hmll.v  west  from  the  insiile  south  slirn*  nearly  threeipmrters  of  a  mile  fiorn  llu!  outer  sonlii 
|., -.III.  thereby  tJirowinj;  tiie  watei'  direetly  aeross  t!ie  old  soulli  spit  an  1  avoidin;,'  all  the  roeks  of 
I  lie  reef  out  l.\  in;;' the  south  shore  and  south  head,  and  lea\ii';;  the  KaekT  V  Itoek,  two  hundred 
.11  il  .-.eNcnty  \aiils  to  the  north  .!•<  the  extremity  ol'  the  north  point.  About  live  hundred  an<I 
Irii  \aicls  of  this  jetty  has  bf.n  buijl,  and  the  deplli  of  the  watei'  on  the  bar  has  inei'eased  to  a 
liiile  oxer  li\e  feet.  The  width  of  the  entianee  will  be  about  I  wo  hinidred  and  lifty  yards,  aga  nsf 
;liiri'  liiimli'«'d  yartls  in  the  reeonnaissanee  of  IS.V.l. 

Inside  (d'  the  entrance  llu^  ri\fr  spreads  out  to  the  width  of  half  a  mile  at  lii;;h  water:  Vait  at 
:,  .  ualer  the  elianu'.'l  is  not  ovei'  two  liMiidred  yards  wide,  and  ii  iiins  for  two  miles  lu' nly  par- 
i!l<i  with  the  shore  and  immediately  behiml  the  sand  dunes.  The  deepest  water  on  th(^  bar  is 
.ill  lit:  the  wintei'  months  ;  during  the  dr*'  season  the  scon  ling  oi'  the  river  is  not  so  etieetive.  In 
\|  ncli,  bSST,  there  was  reported  to  lie  a  dejilh  of  about  ten  to  twelve  feel  of  water  on  the  bar  at 
liijli  water. 

'flie  lini>roveinents  of  tht^  inoulh  led  to  a  regular  tiallic,  and  in  the  seasons  of  ISS.'J,  ISSI.and 
!•->.■(  (lm^  hundred  and  sixty-six  coasting  vessels  entered  the  rixfr.  One  of  these  vessels  had  a 
iM|iacily  of  l.">(t,tllK)  feet  of  lumber.  Hexcral  sehoiniers  of  one  hundred  tons  have  been  Imil'  t!!er<', 
.i::il  two  large  sawmills  have  been  erected  on  llie  ii\(  r,  one  of  them  six  iviles  from  the  month  and 
ilii'  other   tonrteen  miles.     The  ri\er   i.i  navigated   by  light-draught  boats  for  forty  miles;  small 

I  .Msleis  ascend  t  Wi'iityeigh'    miles.     The  valley  is  very  ]iioducti\e;   the  forests  contain  tir,  wliite 

II  liar,  oak    and  myrtle. 

The  Coipiille  IJiver  is  in  the  collectitin  district  of  S(MUhern  Oregon;  Mnipiie  City,  (Hi  K(»os 
l'.;i\.  is  till'  port  of  entry. 

When  a  vessel  is  a  little  lo  th(>  norl  liward  of  this  river  the  white  houses  of  the  \illage  of 
l.iiicloc.,  lui  liic  left  bank  of  the  ri\er,  about  one  ipiarter  of  a  mile  from  the  entianee,  are  visilile 
.ni  ilie  noiUieily  slo)  ,  of  the  hill  near  its  base. 

In  \S'il  the  miners  were  "ngaged  in  washing  the  auriferous  sand  and  gravel  at  the  back  of  the 
liiMch  under  the  bliilVs. 

In  approaching  this  pa'.t  of  the  coast  in  1S"»I  we  encountered  a  very  Ik  avy  swell,  with  the 
v.ilei  changing  to  a  «laik-l'rown  color  ;  an.l  afler  passing  throngli  it  the  ves:.el  tacked  oil' shore, 
'M'\e  to,  an<l  sonmled  neai  its  outer  limit,  but  t'onnd  no  bottom  with  eighty-four  fathoms  of  line. 

It  is  reported  that  a  sunken  rock  lies  Iwn  miles  west  (W.)  from  the  month  of  Coipiille  Uiver 
.iiid  that  the  sea  bleaks  upon  it  in  rou;:li  weather.  Tlie  distance  may  be  overestima'ed,  but  the 
I'laiing  is  probalily  reliable.  Il  may  leler  to  the  sunken  rock  ali'tad.N  mentioned  upon  which  the 
"M //((«*/«<■  St  ruck  in  ISti'.t. 

I'he  approximate  geogra|ihieal  jiosilion  of  the  entrance,  to  the  Ooipiille  is: 

l.alilncld l:)     a?    iiiirlli. 

I/MIIJ^illlltl' I"-'I   '    •.'!       «C>I. 

( Ir.  ill  I  mir S''    17'"  aii'. 

Tile  niagnetie,  variation  was  I!i     l."i'  cast  in  .laiiiiai\,  1SS,"(,  with  an  annual  increase  of  I'.L'. 

VVi/f.v.  — The  approximate  ( "oirccled  l''.>lablisliineiil.  or  mean  intei\al  beiween  the  time  of  the 
HHiii's  iiicndian  transit  and  tin'  time  of  hi-li  water,  is  \1''  11"",  and  the  mean  rise  and  fall  ol'  the 
HJrs  is  lour  ami  foiii  tcnliis  Int.  The  dill'eieiice  between  (heconecled  eslablishiiienl  of  the 
I  III.  and  p.  111.  tides  of  the  same  da.\  is  1''  •_'.  tor  high  water  and  tC' -Id'"  for  low  water.  Winn 
iie  moon's  dccliiialion  is  giealesl  these  dilS  reiices  become,  respectively, '_"'  I'_""  and  1'  "-'S'".  The 
limits  of  thtse  tides  (litter  one  and  a  h  If  teet  lor  high  water  and  two  and  a  half  feet  for  low 
.Iter,  and  when  the  moon's  declination  is  greatest  these  iiiimbeis  are  two  and  a  half  and  four 
'I  I,  lespectively.     These  (piantities  are  deduced  from  the  observations  at  I'nrt  *>ilbi(l. 

To  lind  thi'  limes  and  heights  of  each  tide  Ihidiighont  tho  year  consult  the  I'aeilic  ('oast  Tide 
lalilcs  published  aiiiinall\  by  the  T.  S.  Coast  and  (Icodetie  Hiirvey. 

l''oitlie  iciiiiiied  tides  takt^  oiil    the  numbers  for  high  and  low  waters  at  .\storia,  and  from 

ilii'  gi\en  time  of  high  water  siililiacl   1''  <•.'! iid  troni  the  lieii;lil  subtract  two  feel  ;   froni  the  given 

nine  of  U>w  water  subtract  1''  tt'i"'",  and  the  giseii  height  needs  no  (  irr(^etion. 


3!l2 


PACllIC    COAST   riLOT. 


S    ii 


The  bearinjis  and  distances  to  prominent  objects  from  tlio  mouth  of  tlic  river  aro  as  follows 

Capi'  Oil'iiid  Liglit-liiiiiHc S.  ;l    K,  Irt  inilos. 

Fox  Kock.iif  llu-  Oil'ciril  HiH'f S.  li    \V.        'J-J^  miloB. 

Ciiiic  (irij;oiy  I,i),'lit-lioiist> N.  '.I    \V.        1HJ  milos. 

The  Indian  nairfl'  of  the  river  is  Kolikel'. 

l,a  rciiiiisc  ill  1780  passed  down  the  coast,  in  moderately  thick  weather,  south  of  Tillan k 

Iltad,  and  when  he  aiijiroaehed  Cape  Orford  he  i)laeed  on  his  chart  Cape  'Jole«lo  about  ten  i  ,i, 
noitli  of  Orfoid.    There  is  no  such  head  in  that  situation,  and  tho  nearest  point  is  tiie  south  Ih'.ki 
of  the  CoiinilU'. 

Tebeiikoir  on  his  chart  of  ISIS  calls  it  Cape  Toledo. 

OIV  the  line  of  coast  between  the  Co(|iiiiU'  l>'i\ cr  and  Cajie  (ire^ory  there  is  one  Boundiiiu  ni 
twenty  fathoms  laid  down  nearly  two  miles  Ironi  the  shore  about  halfway  between  the  two  puni- 
named. 

COAST   NORTH  OF  THE  C0QUILI,K  UIVER. 

For  fiiiir  miles  north  of  the  river  there  is  a  sandy  beacii  backed  by  sand  dunes  that  stK  u  i; 
inland  from  one  half  to  one  mile  to  the  ed};e  of  the  forest. 

Fiir  niilr  Point. — At  six   miles  north  seven  dcfjrees  west  (N.  7''  W.)  from  the  river  then  i 
small  point  of  rocky  clilV  about  sixty  feet  abovc^  tlii^  water,  with  a  cluster  of  rocks  ten  to  |..i   , 
feet  hi;;h  extendinjj;  out  one  third  of  a  mile.     This  point  is  live  and  a  (piarter  miles  southeast  Ii.mi 
Cape  (iicyory.     The  clitVs  extend  lor  ni'arly  two  miles  south  of  the  point  to  the  Coipiille  diiiH - 
The  small  .si ream  eiii|ityiiij;  about  lialf  a  mile  south  of  the  [>oint  is  calleil  Whiskey  Hun. 

The  small  coaslin-f  steamers,  when  bound  northward  in  heavy  summer  weather,  hii;,'  (In-, 
around  the  rocks  olV  Five  mile  Foint  and  ket'p  outside  of  a  small,  low,  black  rock,  bare  ai  l.iw 
water,  that  lies  just  ono  mile  to  the  north-northwestward  of  the  outer  part  t)r  the  reef.  This  In- 
rock,  which  is  half  a  mile  otT  the  shore,  has  a  sunken  danger  two  hundred  and  flfty  yards  in-;  li 
of  it  to  the  east-southeast.     It  shows  a  break  only  at  low  water. 

From  Fivt' mile  Point  northward  the  shore  line  falls  back  very  little,  and  is  formed  by  liuh, 
rou;:li  clills,  toity  to  ei;;lity  feet  alioxe  the  water  and  wooded  to  their  edjj;es,  which  are  Inc. Kin 
down  by  iliu-e  .-iinill  stuanis  in  the  lirst  three  miles,  l^ach  stream  has  a  st'ttler's  house  iicai  i!:. 
mouth.  Tlicn  for  two  miles  to  the  cape  the  clills  are  steeper,  higher,  ami  rougher,  and  wouil.  .|, 
this  line  is  broken  by  the  "Sevt'ii  Devils"  (for  description  of  which  sec  Cape  (!rej;ory).  The  rli;i- 
ian;;e  lidiii  ttiie  liiindicd  to  two  liiindred  and  lifty  feet  hi.i;h,  and  the  hills  behind  them  rise  to  'n.  i 
live  liiiiiilrcd  feet  clcxation,  and  are  coveicd  with  dense  forests  of  lir  and  a  very  thick  uihlri 
growth.     The  shore  is  bordered  w  ith  rocks  of  all  shapes  and  sizes. 

iSiiKth  Cocr.— .Iiisi  iiiiilcr  thesoiilh(rn  point  of  ('ape  (iregoiy  there  is  a  moderately  (hci.in\., 
siiridiiutled  liy  liiuli.  locky  clills,  but  h.iviiifi  a  sandy  beach  at  the  northernmost  shore.  It  is  In.i.nl 
open  to  till-  south  soiitlica.st,  but  is  protected  on  the  west  by  a  narrow  h.i};h  jioint  from  wh.  h 
exU'iids  to  tiie  soiitiiwt'st  a  le<lfje  three  hundred  and  lil'ty  yaids  loiiK-  I"  the  eastern  part  ol  i' 
cove  tliiir  is  a  l(d;;e  paialhl  with  the  cast  shore,  and  leslrictintf  the  width  of  the  cove.  !'• 
breadth  asailablf  at  the  tiitiaiKc  to  tiie  co\e  is  about  two  hundred  yards.  We  do  not  kiM'\\  in 
depth  of  walci  in  liiLs  cove  or  thr  cliaract«'r  of  tho  bottom  but  the  opposition  steain-luj^  iimiI  ■ 
as  an  aiichoia^^e  in  sninmcr. 

U'licn  the  Coast  .Sm\(>  party  jtassed  around  it  in  1.S.S7  the  water  in  the  cove  was  so  smmiili 
that  a  landinji  could  lia\e  liccn  made  with  a  skill  in  jjcrfect  safety. 

CAPE  GREGORY. 

The  northern  extremity  of  this  headland  lies  tliirty-one  miles  north  six  defjrees  west  (N.  i; 
W.)  Iiom  Cajie  ( (rioid  Fi^'lil  lioii.sc.  The  hi;;hest  jiart  of  the  ca])e  is  just  \  isible  above  the  hoii/nu 
when  a  Vessel  is  ten  miles  mnth  of  C.ipt-  Orlord,  w  ith  a  wooded  rid^e  niniiin;;  to  the  soiithiMst 
from  it.  I'^ast  of  the  lirst  f^ap  in  this  ridf;e  the  larjje  pine  trees  stand  up  isolated  as  if  they  \mii 
the  reiiiaiiis  liom  some  nical  forest  lire.  When  the  alinospher*-  is  clear  the  crestline  is  of  iieai'> 
uniform  height  around  to  the  ( '0(|uille. 

The  iMj  !■  pr«iii.«ts  but  a  mile  or  two  from  the  {general  straight  line  of  the  coast  between  C;ipi' 
Orlord  and  tlie  Coliiiniiia  Iliver,  and  Is  one  of  the  rocky  hills  which  break  the  general  line  of  lln' 
low  shoic  wliicli  is  .so  ;;(inially  iiiarieil  by  sand  dunes.  There  are  no  high  iiMHintains  behiinl  i. 
and  thiieloie  it  is  .sonievs hat  coiis)(i(:iious.     When  tht-  mounluins  in  the  interior  are  hidden  i'^ 


Pt 


*-^ 


Capti  On 


-,.»-':'.... 


KooB  H( 


»^ 


"■••S 


"TIT 

4;^ 


KuoH  Hbhi).        0»ii«  (iroi;ory 


i3 


V 


I  ■' 


i: 


' 


i 


/«^...j^ 


•-!•♦•    ■"■■"""  -'"■•■.ij|.l''i^"'    ''•"■'•■■■■"■<, 


.-m.-t**"  "^''■■'«  ■<^ 


■•■'rxr-n'  iv'v/^J  »"7*?7-.5 il^W^^^:'^''^'^  r*-Trr.'?^y  -y.n'jff^* 


C»pe  Orpgury  Uglit-houde,  NNh.,  13  milos. 


■*■      •-■-•-In'- 


^-^,-«*-r'--,.>;',<(-jf' 


,,;..^Jt^*s<-i-/ .-tvA^nV-^ty^^-Jf?:^:-^^!^^:-^*^^^^!^^  :y:-  '*r^-XE 


r'->ri'Sr, 


K008  Hen).        Caiio  (iregory,  NK.  liy  K.  ^  E.,8  miles. 


^':-^£ii?::^:-^:y^^v^vSc^---^ 


K0118  Hfnil.        ('a|)<'  Orogtiry  Ij^ht-liniiNK,  K.  }  S,  »<  inili>». 


..!«.•.•*.<?'.■, 


B'  '  '*">"*- 1  j-'r&^^Sir^^  ¥f^ 


:  m 


S»    .    M! 


■  !-;•:( 


1  II 


■  i-^ 


I 


J 


■i  4 


1-V  M 


1  --S 


Cuquillp  Point  ami  Rwf,  NK/l>.v  K.  iK.,7  milcH.     Sdiitli  siili"  of  Kiitniiirc  to  Coiniillt   Kivcr. 


'.II         ""      •■      . .         J  .       .' 


^M;~:Mt»)^'UB 


C»pc  Gregory,  N.  |  E.,  18niilca. 

(Light-liotiM'  not  vifliMi'.) 


^gg-mMr^MtegBIClEZg'lri  JiTM 


jiJLt'u<^..*!jf>#S 


^?::^^!?^'^^?^f'?^^ 


,ft^f***©^-^5^'^-*******'-  '^'^'  ftTf*— ■^**°**^nrft>rtll»,i|[r-^''*^'"*'**'^^^        '    •  "^M  '    •  ''*'*-l', 


W-  •*  '<*'i^ 


Cape  Gregory  Ligbt-bousn,  NE.  by  N.  i  N.,  11  miles. 


1 

i  til 

\ 

1 

1 

,        i 

Ml 


rACII'K;    COA8T    riLOT. 


393 


(liHiils,  i\<ii,  liivzc,  or  HiiKikt",  wliicli  also  iliiii  tlic  lower  iiilervi'iiinn  coiiiitry,  tliis  lii'iiilliiiitl  staiuls 

,,i  ;    \  I'lN    llliirlv('(ll,Y. 

rill'  coiiMt  line  liftwtMMi  DiipcOrfonl  aiiil('a|i('<ir«-Kory  iniikeM  a  Hal  liow  wliiih  lifiiilH  faNtwanI 
luii  anil  oiifclfilitli  mill's  just  soiitli  oltlii'  ('oi|iiilli'  |{ivfr. 

Till'  littarii  ^  III'  llic  oiili'r  rlill  iif  Cape  (irr;;ory  I'roiii  Cap*'  Oil'onl  lii^'litlioiise  is  iioi'tli  six 
,|i:i.i's  west  (N.  (J  W.)  ami  llu'  ilistaiirc  twriilx  i'i;,'lit  ami  llircfipiarlcrs  miles.  This  line  passes 
I-.I  oulsiile  the.  ('iii|uille  lireali  at  seventreii  ami  tliiee  ipiarlers  miles. 

Till' small  roeky  point  live  ami  a  iinarter  miles  south  twenty  two  ile^rees  east  (.S.  l'L'  i;.)  jroiii 
I'll  lape  has  lieeii  ealieil  l''i\'e  mile  I'liint  lor  relerenee.  The  ileepesl  imleiitalion  lielween  it  ami 
;i  1  iMi'i'  IS  at  two  miles  IVom  the  latter,  where  the  seawaiil  lace  of  this  heatl  may  he  saitl  to  l)i';;iu 
.1     1  e\leml  thence  nearly  to  the  li};ht  house,  a  ilistaiice  by  the  shore  of  four  ami  two  thinls  iiiiles. 

'I'lie  outermost  part  of  the  eape  is  less  than  half  a  mile  lonj;'  mirthnorthwest  ami  south  south- 
.1-1,  with  roeky  elilfs  (ifty  to  one  humlreil  feet  lii;;li,  spaisely  wooiled  to  their  edjjes.  liehimltho 
(  ::-.  It  ri.ses  in  somewhat  irre^'ular  slopes  to  aii  estimated  hei^^ht  of  two  thousaml  feet,  two  miles 
I'.ii  K. 

Imnu'iliatoly  oil' the  eape  for  nearly  half  a  mile  are  visihie  and  sunken  rocks  which  form  a 
liaiiicr  nearly  a  mile  Ion;;  towaids  the  noithwest.  'I'he  main  leil;:e  is  low  and  is  a  pirfecl,  narrow 
I'liiier,  nearly  half  a  mile  Ion;;  stretchin;;  to  the  nortlrnorthwest,  a;;ainsl  which  tlit^  southwest 
sucli  of  the  winter  stoims  lireaks  fiercely  and  magnificently.  I'loiii  the  outermost  point  of  the  <'ap(ii 
loihi'  li^;lithouse  the  distance  is  two  and  a  half  miles  north  six  dc;;iees  east  (N.  <!-'   K.).     This 


sexenty   to  one  hundred  feet  \t\ji\>, 


|i,iii  of  the  shore  is  fornu'd  l>y  ja;,';;'ed,  broken  clilVs  fnui 
-.  II  iiiiiiinled  with  trees  a  short  distance  in  from  the  sliore.  There  isa  small  cove  with  a  fliui  beach 
ii-iilc  the  ra^i'i^ed  reefs  near  the  northern  part  of  the  shore  w  here  small  boats  that  know  the  locality 
iii.i>  enter  and  lca\e  in  ;;ood  weather. 

The  ;;eo;:rapliical  jiosiiion  of  the  western  point  of  Cape  (irc^iMy  has  been  determined  apjirox- 
itcly  by  tlu^  U.  8.  Coa.^t  and  (Icodetic  Survey  as  follows: 

l.iilitiiilii Ill     I-    J-l     iMiilh. 

I.i'liniliuir I'JI      'J.'i    iu      \vi.-,l. 


CdA.ST   Siiiril    <iK    ('AIM'.    IlKKliOliY     lllWAUDS   CI  h.iIII.I.K. 

The  coast  for  thi'ce  miles  south  of  Chih-  llniiittjt  is  \cry  precipitous;  the  dill's  arc  vertical  and 
I  III;.'!'  from  one  liumlicd  to  tuo  hundred  and  tifly  feet  in  hei;;lit  ;  and  the  hills  back  of  them  rise 
:' over  ti\'e  hundred  feet.  The  hills  are  covci-eil  with  dense  forests  and  underbrush,  and  arc  cut 
'i\  ilce|»  ravines  rnnniii;;  at  riKht  any;lcs  to  the  shoreline.  l'"rom  the  number  of  these  ravinc.s  tho 
r.i.ist  is  locally  known  as  "the  Scnn  Ihiils."' 

Iieyoml  this  to  the  southward  the  coastline  is  more  regular;  the  dill's  ran^o  from  forty  to 
■   uhty  feet  in  hei;;ht,  and  the  back  country  is  low,  with  rollin;;  hills,  heavily  foiested. 

Ihiiiijirs. — .\boiit  four  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Cape  (!re;;ory  there  are  two  outlyin;;'  rocks; 
liic  outer  one  is  about  nine  hiiudied  and  seventy-five  yaids  (nearly  half  a  mile)  oil'  shore  and  is 
iwash  at  low  tide;  the  sea  breaksover  it  at  lii;;h  tide.  The  inner  rock  is  seven  hundred  and  sixty 
\. II lis  oft'  shore  and  breaks  only  at  low  tide. 

About  a  mile  south  of  these  da!i;;ers  there  is  another  rocky  Icd^je  exieudin;,'  about   live  linn- 
ilicil  and  forty  yards  (over  a  ipiaitcr  of  a  mile)  off  shore;  most  o!  the   roc'is  show  well  above  the 
Iter  ami   ran;;e  from  ten  to  Ibity  fi"t  in  height.     The  dills  from  (^ape  (ire;;ory  end  about  four 
iinl  a  i|uartcr  miles  norili  of  the  Cniiiiiltc  h'irir. 

from  the  moiili!  of  the  <'oi|ui'ile  li'ivci  to  this  cape  the  iii  -it  four  or  five  miles  of  the  coast-lino, 

In   Whiskey  Kuii,  is  bordered  by  low,  rollin;;,  auriferous  sand  and  i;ravel   hills,  I'overcd  with  thin 

111!  ami  a  scanty  ;,'rowtli  of  ;;rass  and  scaltcriii;;  trees.     These  hills  lion;  the  sea   in  a  continuous 

nil'  of  bliitl,  ran^^iii'.;  I'loiii  fifty  t le  huuilrci!  feci  .li'valion.     ^'olth  of  Whiskey  Ixun  the  shore 

-  lonned  by  a  bluish  ^i ay,  soft  sandstone  nndcilyin;;  tia  ;!iirifcrous  s. mils,  and  rises  in  lici;;ht. 
I'lic'i  there  is  an  irre;;ular  line  of  yellowish,  bri  ken  dill's  for  four  miles  to  Cape  (ire;;ory  Li;;lit- 
iuiiise.  Towards  the  northwest  point  the  elilfs  break  tlr.ou  in  places  and  the  slopes  down  to  the 
liter  apjM'ar  co\eied  with  chaparral,  witii  a  low,  unilorm,  yellow  dill'  as  far  as  the  lit{ht-lu)U,se; 
Hid  these  dilfs  arc  continued  ronml  the  northern  Klirre  to  Koos  Head  inside. 

(Jape  <ire^'ory  jircscnts  the  ap])earaiice  of  a  comparatively  low,  flat-to|»i)ed,  table-land,  covered 
with  heavy.  Iliiii  pine,  spruce,  and  hemloek.  It  is  three  or  four  miles  broad  as  it  faces  the 
ocean,  and  extends  back  about  three  miles  to  the  lower  lauds  along  the  course  of  the  South  lliver 


I 


»»ij  I ! 


Hi 


< at    -I 


a 


394 


I'ACIKIC    COAST    ril.OT. 


II  W»9 


mi 


.>;! 


]M, 


(if  Koos  Hiiy.  Tlio  lii;;lu'st  i)iiit  of  tin'  l.cail  is  pmlialilv  imt  iiioi*'  tlriii  siv  or  seven  InMidixi  i,tt 
almve  the  sei.  On  tlie  low.  Hat  liills  soiitlieasl  \n  aid  of  llie  lii^liest  pait  ol  tlie  e  ipe  tlii«  tiii  •.  ,ii,|. 
few,  lii;ili,  and  scattered,  as  if  the  smaller  trees  hud  liecn  Imrnt  (int.  Tins  is  a  sjieejid  iiiii:,  m 
inaklii;;  it  from  the  southward.  As  seen  from  the  s'liith  sonthwcst  tlieic  are  two  or  thin  \,|^ 
maiKetl  iioli'lies  in  the  hi;;liest  line  of  |iiiies.  I'lider  the  higher  forest  ale  rolling  liills  •'(!,,  |,.,i 
with  (  hapaiial  to  the  water,  or  to  the  t4i|is  of  the  clill's.  On  the  north  part  i  I' tin' 4  i]!!  ,  |..\' ,i|,|, 
the  li;;ht  house,  there  is  u  ;;ap  over  v  hieii  is  seen  11  hill  having;  a  eliiinp  of  seattereil,  i;i||  111,.^ 
upon  it. 

'riie  noiihwcsterninost  jiart  of  the  cape  is  a  \er\  narrow  line  of  rocky  clilVsstrclchiiimiiii  lull 


a  mile  northwest  one-third  north,  and  continued  lieneath  the  suilace  of  the  water  as  a  di 


ii,l:ci   III) 


nearly  another  half  mile.  This  narrow  line  of  rocky  clitV  is  ahont  lilly  feet  hi;.:h  and  piiiiliiiv 
Worn  and  cut  Ity  the  ocean,  so  that  pait  of  it  ap|iears  as  rocky  i>h  ts.  jp  fact  the  point  is  cm  i.|) 
from  the  ca|ie  at  lii;:h  water  ;  and  upon  its  liroader  soiithein  end  theie  are  trees,  wiiile  the  liuht 
house  maiks  its  northern  extremity.  'I'hcieare  two  smaller  and  parallel  linesof  clill  and  rocks cl>»r 
to  the  wt'stein  side  of  the  lit;ht  house  elill',  Imt  they  do  not  extend  iprte  so  far  oitl.  \\  lu'i  .1 
vessel  is  close  in>liore  to  the  soiilhwaid  two  rocks  show  a  short   distance  from   the  western  | 


MlUlt. 

To  lielioithe.lst  ward  of  the  extreme  or  l.ij^ht  Inaisc  Point,  the  shores  ot'  the  head  an  i;i;:;;i'i|  ami 
lu'okcii,  with  |i<iiiiis  Jnttin;;  to  the  north  northwest.  The  central  direction  to  the  soiilli  |ii>iiii  oi 
Koos  l!a,^  ■  iilr.iiice  is  iioilheast  hy  east  for  one  and  three  ipiarters  miles.  .Mireast  ol  tins  sunili 
jioint,  which  j.'  called  Koos  Head,  lies  the  low,  sandy,  north  point  of  the  entrance  at  a  (list  .nice  \.n^ 
iii^'  Iroin  tliice  t|nartcis  to  half  a  mile  directly  to  the  iiortli. 

Inside  of  tne  lij;hl  house  jioiiit  the  small,  rocky  points  are  as  fol'ows: 

Yiikiim  I'dliit,  inaily  three  4|narters  ot  a  mile  iioitli  se\('iit\  one  dc;;rees  ea.Nt  (N.  71  ll.i  linm 
tlu^  li^'ht  hoiiM'.  is  low.  locky,  and  poiiiteil  to  the  norlhwesi,  w  ith  a  reef  strctchiii};  out  iieail)  a 
tpiaitcr  ot'  a  11,  lie  la  it  her  to  the  northwest.  There  aie  no  trees  on  this  point,  nor  lor  three  (imiitris 
of  the  (li>taii<  e  tuuai'ds  the  li;;lit'lionse  point.  Mctwtcii  the  two  points  tlu^  rocky  shore  line  l,iil> 
hack  a  iinaitcr  of  a  mile  and  is  fronted  by  a  broad  low  water  beach.  'I'liere  arc  no  soiindiii.  ■-  I. ml 
down  in  this  l)ij;hi. 

't'lniiitl  /'..////.—This  is  the  .second  point,  and  it  lies  one  ami  three  ei;;hths  miles  nuiili  sixty 
tive  (lci.'ices  e.i.^i  (N.  (i,"i     I'".,  or  N K.  by  H.  ,'  Iv)  from  the  li;;hl  house,     riclwccn  \cikaiii   l\  .111  ami 

shoie.  'I'lii'ie  are  trees  oil  Tilliliel  I'oilit,  and  they  extend  mails  to  \  okaiii  I'oiiit  on  the  v\-sl,aml 
.iioiiiiil  Kods  Head  on  the  east.  'IMiei'e  is  a  broad  low  water  beach  hence  to  Ndkam  I'oiiit,  but  im 
stiiiii(lin;,'s  are  laid  down  between  them.  Tniinel  Point  is  so  named  because  there  is  a  tiiiiml 
lhroii;.'h  it  abo\c  hinhwater  mark. 

h'lii'x  lltdil. — This  is  the  eastern  point  of  the  bi^dil  inside  of  I  lie  t'ape  Ciicfiory  I,ij;li!  liiMi.-e, .  inl 
t'orms  the  siuiih  iioiiit  of  the  entrance  to  Koos  Pay.  It  is  a  rclati\cly  hi^;li,  locky  point,  ihi.  <\\ 
coNcnd  w  ilh  iiccs  and  I  hick  niiderbi  llsh.  The  lace  of  the  eastern  part  ol'il  is  one  hii  lid  nil  led  iiuli. 
audit  li.sesloa  hill  I  wo  hundred  and  twenty  feet  lii^tli  at  three  hi'iidred  and  tliirt,\  .\  aids  I'loni  iln' 
el  ills,  ll  lies  one  and  Ihn  e  liii'irtcis  miles  north  til'l.s  six  and  a  half  de;;rees  ea.st  (N.  ;"i(iP,  '  ]•;.  01  ,N  I'.. 
by  !■;.)  trolllt'ape  t;ie;^oiy  l.i;;  lit  house.     It  consists  of  se\cral  small,  J  lit  till, i;  points  of  rock,  with  .vilid 


this  point  the  .••hole  falls  back  lor  tour  hiiadred  ,\ards  to  a  low,  saiid.v  beach  in   front  <■*.'  tli 


beaches  betwci  n  them  and  a  low  water  s; 


ind 


teach  inst  reacliini.'  their  outer  edi;es 


Oil   this  noithwest  t.ice  of  ("ape  (lie;^(iry,  trolii  the  li{;ht-lioil,se  point  to  Koos  Head,  tlici 


SOIllllllllL 


>f    li\l 


to  nine  fathoms  at    less  than  a  mile  from  the  shore.     The  older  olliceis  ol 


lliidxiii    Pay  Coiiipaiiy  inroiincd  lis  that   some  of  their  vessels,  aiiehoiinn  elo>e  under  the  ii 


est  face   if  t he  cajie,  liav  e  ritbleii  out   heavy  southeast   {;alcs 


and  the  li'lht  house  stcaiiici  >Ai' 


liriih  has  aiiclmri  d  close  under  the  head  in  tive  lathoms  ol   water  diiiiiif,'  a  southeast  ;;ale,  piiiimil; 
to  ,vi  a  when  the  wind  shifted  to  the  southwest. 

'1  his  is  very  ini|ioitant,  because  mi  other  place  on  the  coa.st  lietv\cen  Urake's  Pay  ami  N''  ili 
Pay  {IVoiii  latitude  . IS  (id'  to  hililinle  IS  '  1' I  )  atVoids  such  protection.  When  a  soiitheastei  hi  .'!.> 
lip  the  wiiiil  Usually  hauls  rouiiil  t<i  the  southwest  and  then  to  the  1101  thvvest,  so  thai  a  vrs-d 
anchored  in  this  place  must  be  prepared  to  put  t<i  sea  at  once.     In  l.sSO  we  lecommcmled  lli  ■     - 


the  most  tavoiable  point  li  01 


II  which  to  extend  a  ^reat  breakwater  to  form  a  harbor  of  ie|ii^;e  1: 


sontheasteis  when  the  demands  of  coinmeie(j  made  it  necessary. 

Jlililniiiniitli!/.—\  detailed  livdniu'iaiihic  survey  of  tli(^  ('ap(!  (ire^ory  liij^ht  and  the  ajiinoiM  In 
to  th(^  cape  has  not  been  executed;  but  Mitlicieiit  sonmlliifis  have  been  madt>  tti  show  Ih.i:  ili 
approaches  are  almost  free  Ihiiii  daiij;ers,  and  that  within  a  mile,  of  the  lit^hthonse  a  depth  of  m 


i.iiliniiis,  an 


I     ;i 


I  ft ' 


I'ACIKK'    COAST    ril,(»T. 


895 


1,>.  Mian  firtt'cn  fallinrim  In  foiiiitl  on  ii  northwest  licminK.     l"Niil<'  of  fln>lij:lillionM<',  towiiniM  tins 

,  iliii;;  linov  tind  tlicliai  olV  llic  nilriiinc  to  Koos  llii,\,  the  ili'|itli.s  iiin;;c  I'loni  lil'Iccn  I'litlionis  to 
I,, III  I.iiIkiim.s  over  sanil.v  liott»»iri,  iinil  tlic  I'liaiiKf^  an'  jicnt'iully  i|nil<>  ic;;nli>r 

/»</»</(■>•.— Tli(«a|>|iroa('lii's  to  tlioJ'apo  <ln';,'oiy  \Hii\i\  liavfoiilv  one  known  Jiiildcn  flanp-r;  lliiH 

,  II  (•  Hiillimiirr  li'i'ih,  wliicli  w  as  (Irtrrniincd  liy  tin-  I'.  S.  Coast  Survey  in  Istil.  At  that  time  Ihu 
lum.iiil  |i;hI  of  tlie  wreck  of  the  seliooiier  Haltiiiioir  \\;\H  sunk  n|ion  it,  her  foremast  «howin>j 
,,  i,  VI'  water;  hei'  stern  was  l.viii;;  on  I  lie  lieaeh  ehise  to  the  westward  of  Tunnel  Point.     A  xteannT 

-  1   i  k  u| tliis  roek  in   IST.S,  nml  ^'ported  tinit  it  liad   Iml   nine  leet  of  water  u|ion  it,  lint  in 

1^,  I  ail  examination  fonn  I  'h'\en  feet.  It  lies  a  little  over  half  a  mile  (one  thousand  and 
'hills  four  ,\ards)  north  fmiy  nine  di';;rees  \  est  (N.  ■I!!"'  \V.)  fiom  Cajte  <ire;;oi.v  I,i;,'ht  house,  on 
III,  limit  |irolonnatioii  of  the  liim  of  the  point.  .Moro  particularly,  il  lies  at  the  northwestern 
,  \:ii  iiiity  of  the  irrenuhir  leil;;e,  which  caiiies  a  K"""''''d  depth  of  lliri'e  to  four  I'alhoms,  but  Ih 
,(  i\  |ii;;;;cd.  The  lock  is  small  ;n  d  pointed,  its  top  Nurfaco  havin;j  an  aica  of  only  a  few  sipiare 
liM  I,  ami  the  deiith  of  water  npiui  it  is  ele\ en  feet.  At  ten  ,\ ard.s  outside  of  it  the  depth  is  seven 
l.iilioms,  and  for  thirty  >aids  directly  towards  tlit^  li^tht  house  thedejitli  of  water  is  three  to  four 

I. Ill s,  and  deepenin;;  alirnptly  to  seven   fathoms.     To  the  iM>rtl.  ast  and  to  the  southwest  tint 

I  {"I 'I  lis  are  iilH)nt  seven  fathoms,  ami  thirl  ecu  fathoms  at  one-sixth  of  a  mile  outside  of  it.     lictweeti 

ji,^  d.in^'er  ami  the  whistling;  Imoy  the  least  water  is  twelve  fathoms,  and  hetween  il  and  the  liiir 
i.i  Kiios  Hay  the  depth  decreases  funn  eleven  fatinims  to  (our  fatiioins, 

llroad  olf  Cape  (iie;;ory  no  si^tns  of  hidden  dan;;ers  have  liceii  di.seovered.  Less  than  three 
iii.l.  s  broad  olf  till!  .soutlieiii  |iart  of  the  cape  a  soiimliii;;  is  ^ivcn  in  twenty  fathoms  uf  water,  and 
Uitwceii  it  and  the  clilfs  another  in  .seventeen  fathotns.  A  shot  t  line  of  sounding's  has  liecn  run 
ullllie  lijilit  house  on  tlmeonr.so  west  by  south  three  eijihths  south  (W.hyS.  i!  S.jwith  the  follow- 
III-  iisiills:  at  two  miles,  twenty-.se  veil  I'athoius  ;  at  Inn  r  miles,  si.\ty  fa'homs;  at  seven  and  a  half 
iiiilr>,  sixty  nine  fathoms;  and  at  ten  and  a  half  miles,  .seventy-live  fathoms.  A  line  of  sounding's 
li.i>  also  lieeii  run  nearly  parallel  with  the  «'oast  line,  starting;  .seven  miles  north  lifty-ei;;ht  ile;,'rceH 
\  r-l  (N..KS'  \\.)  troin  the  li^ht  lioiLsy  with  lifly  two  liitlioinsover  muddy  liottoin, andeoulinuiii}' on 
I  mirth  northwest  (NNW.)  course  with  soundin;,'s  ot  eifihty-lhree.  ei^;hty-seven,  ei;ihty-fonr,  and 
M  \i  iily-two  fathoms  over  inndd.v  liottom  at  intervals ott'i;;ht  miles. 

Thiity-einht  miles  noitli  llfty  ei;;lit  ilcfiiees  west  (N.  Mo  \\.)  from  Cape  (lre};ory  lay;ht  is  the 
>iiii.ilest  .soiindin;;  luiiiid  on  the  llcceta  liank.  This  bank,  elsewheie  described  (p.  IKS),  runs 
iliiilN  miles  northward  and  nearl.v  parallel  w  itii  the  shore.     Il  lias  iiol  been  exlianstivelv  e.Mimiricd, 

.1  \ariablc  bottom,  with  .'>ouiiiliii;^s  Iroiii  loity  three  to  eighty  fathoms,  has  been  found ;  wliihi 
>li\'litly  deejier  water  i.s  tonnd  between  it  and  the  shore. 

CAfi;  (ii!K»i(ti:v  i.Kiirr  iicM  si;. 


This  is  a  secondary  sea-coast  li;.;ht.  This  li;ilit  house  is  on  the  narrow  islet,  abmit  Ii  fly  feet 
liii;li,  which  is  part  of  the  shaip  point  ]ir(iiectin};  northwest  one-third  west  liiilfa  mile  from  the 
I'Mieme  iKU'thwest  part  of  Cape  <liej;oiy.  The  rocky  project  ion  stretches  out  a  llllle  more,  than 
liiiii'  hundred  yards  beyond  the  lij;lit-liiiuse  in  the  same  diiectitui :  and  on  the  same  bearing,',  at  li.ilf 
a  mile  from  the  li;;lit-honse,  lies  the  sunken  iialtimore  Itock  with  eleven  feel  of  water  u[>on  it, 
.ilicady  described  above. 

The  structure  consists  of  an  oetaf,'onal  wrini^'ht-iron  truncated  skeleton  tower  twenty-live  feet 
lii'^li  iVom  tlu^  base  to  the  focal  plane.  It  is  |iaiiitcil  white  and  .■<iiiiiionuled  b\  lantern  and  dome 
IMiiited  black.  As  seen  from  seaward  the  tower  is  projected  against  the  il.irk  ]iine  folia},'e,  and 
I-.  not  readily  reco;:ni/.ed  in  day  time  at  a  distance  of  ten  miles.  The  kcejier's  (Iwelliii;;- isa  wooden 
liiiildinj,'  of  one  and  a  half  stories,  p.ilnted  white  with  ;;reen  sliiitteis  to  the  windows,  and  is 
-itiiatcd  on  tin-  southern  extremity  *>(  llie  islet  at  the  e(l;;e  ol'Ihe  trees,  about  three  hundred  and 
lilty  yards  southeastward  from  the  tower.  Dniiiif;  the  day-time  <nit^  should  not  look  lor  the  li,u:lit- 
lioiise  under  tlio  highest  and  more  prominent  jiart  of  Cape  (ire};'!ry,  Imt  under  the  lower  part  lo 
ilii)  northwestward. 

The  lij;lit  is  of  the  loiirth  order  of  the  system  of  Fresii '1.  and  was  first  exhibited  November 
I,  l.StitJ.  It  shows  from  siin.set  to  sunrise  a  Ji.inl  icliitr  liijlit  rariiil  by  a  icliitejlaxh  iirri/  liro  iiiiniitis. 
The  duration  of  the  steady  li^dit  is  one  minute  and  thirty  live  .seconds  ;  of  the  ecli|)se,  ten  .seconds; 
"I'  the  Hash,  (i  ve  .seconds  ;  of  the  eclip.se,  ten  .seconds.  The  arc  of  visibility  is  I'lom  southeast  half 
■  1st  (iSH.  i  E.)  thnmyli  the  south,  west,  and  north  to  iiortLeust  by  east  (XE.  by  E.),  or  into  Koos 


a 


;{;i(j 


I'Aciric  COAST  I'll, or. 


Ih'iul.     'I'lic  liciulit  of  tlu'  focal  plaiio  is  scvciilylivc  '.\-"\  almvf  nii'aii  Icm'I  hC  tlir  sea.     1 
NM'atluT  llio  Hijtit  slioulil  lif  si'cii  tVdiii  a  lii'JL'liI  i>l' — 


II  I'lcir 


10  r.'il  Hi  A  ilist:nii'i'  111'  i:^..')  iiiilr.i. 
•.'(I  r.-cl  al  !i  ilisl:in(i>  of  l.i.il  iiiilfH. 
:'.0  frfl  at  a  ili^laiiro  iil'  III. 'J  inili'S, 

Tlir  p'o;;raiiliical   jkisjiIou  of  tiic  li^litlioiisc  lias  Ih'cii  di'lt  rmiiii'tl   li_\    tlir   l'.  S.  <'uasiaiiil 
(icoilftic  Siir\c\ ,  ami  is  : 


l.atiiiiili' i:i      v'li     :ic;. 


iKirlli 


l.oii!;iliii!<' I',' I 

iil,    Itl   I  IIIH' ''' 


•->:!'     1 1 


1 


ly'i  \ 


?i  ,.«';' 


Oil  the  Isl  of  .laiiiiaiv.  ISS,"i.  tin-  iiiafriiclic  \  aiiatioii  was  !!•    ,">(»'  cast,  w  illi  an  an  una  1  i 


mil  ,l>r 


of  r.i. 


Tiif  follow  ill;:  a'c  the  l(caiiti;is  and  tlistanccs  to  proin incut  oliircts  limn  Cape  <  lic^joi  \   1 


lulil  : 


l'ii\   IJiirK.  till'   siMillliTllllliiKt    (lail;;iT   of  till'    Orliilil   li'rt'f 

l'a|ir  Oifiiiil  l.inlit  tiiinsi-,  llio  liiir  paNsiii^  iivntiiill  Islil  mir  in 


.:i:    iimI. 


mil  i^f  <'a|T   oiloril ..    .s       r,        i;.         lil^iiiil. 


Tin- iiiDiilli  111   ll.c-  I  .ii|iiilK'  K'M-r 

Til.'  W  liisll.   ;i  UuiiN   oil  till'  li.ir  of  111"  V 

'I'lu'  '■  niiiiKk   lli'ails  l,ii;lil  housr 

Till'   'rillaiiiooU   K'orii    l.irlil  lioiiso 


iiiiiiii;'  lover. ... 


roilit   .\ilains    l.i'^lil  lioii.sr 

4'm|i>'  l)i>a|>iioihl]ii<-i<I    I.Ji;l)l.hoii>o 


S.      ;i  i:.  i:li   iiiil.vN 

\.      -J  \V.  TTJ   mil,- 

N,  Hi  U*.  SI  J   mil,-, 

N.  II  \v.  i:.i;    iiiiir- 

N.  II  \v.  i;i    Hiii.s 

N.  I..;  'A.  17 


.1' 
llailioii  |iio|.o8i<l  li;;hO .\.    I-       W.        ','17     luih 


|ii>Ntiiii".i'>ii   Khiiiil  1  iiio|io-ril  ii;;liO    

'I'.il I.  Nl.oii)    l.i::lil'lioiiM  .  i>lf  ('a|H'  I'lall, 


N.  'J  I       \V. 


''.)       null' 


N.  •.';!      \V.      ;ic:i 


<'///)(■  ,l;cii;o    /.(''  siiriihi   Sluti'in. — (>nllic    Li^lil  Imii^c   i.slanil    .il    (',i|ii>  (irc;;iii\    is  Iiumn 


lif 


csaviiiL'  .•«l.ilioii    Willi   all    the    n.--ii.il    aiiu..ial'is  in  eh.ir;:e  of  a   keein 


I.     1 1    has  no  |i 


iTcw  lint   <lr|iellils  on   ihe  .--el  \  ices  of  \  oliiiiteel.    lo  lii.ili  !  !'•■  Imal   when  il   i.>  lieei 


le.l. 


'I'his  ^latill|l  is  .sUiiati'il  on  the  sonllie.i>l  .Mile  ol   the  nan'ow,  ioeK\  isht  upon  which  I 


le  li-|||. 


house   in   liiiilt  :  il    hears  .Nonilica>t    half  ca,--!    (Sii.    .]  l",.i,  tli.-ianl    lliiec  linmlicil  ami  si  \!y  ,\aiils 
This  i^lei  is  SI  paralcd  lioin  Ife  main  lainl  1>.\  a  ehaiiiic!  aiionl  oin'  liniiiliiii 


i'roiii  the  liohl  tow  er. 


\  aiiN  in  \\  ullh  al  hi^h  w  ,ilei ,  Inn  inoie  th.in  I  w  cut  n  \  arils  wiile  at  lou  water.  This  pa--sa;;o  \\,i\ 
appe.ii  s  to  lie  filled  with  sun  hen  me  Us,  and  it  lnoUs  a  \  er\  liad  |ilaee  lieiii  w  hich  to  l.iiiiii  h  ,i  li  la! 
ill  hea\  \    weather. 


/». 


(1)  .V(  ((    ,Silll 


So  II  III! 


III! IlliJ-i  lilt    <      jif   hlifji'l//. 


he  follow  iliLT  sol 


iniliii;4s  weie  made  li\  Ihe  I'.  S.  --ii.iui 


ship  Tiixi  iii^ni  ell  'he  L'.id  ami  L'.'ilh  ol   (dloliei.  l.sT. 


lM!*tiifii-t-  .mil  lii'al'idL' 

1 1  •111)  I  ',t|.,'  I  in  unit 


l..iTiiii.lf-  I i;iniili' 


l)r|itli      I    'r<-ln|i<'rHlii 


ha     s  ;•.'  w 


111     s  i-r  \v 

11        .\      K-    W 


1..    '.'i         r.'H    III    ■        i.m;: 


t.t   :n    •     cji 


ri'iir.ii  II'    I  r  li.'iKiiti 


Vi'lliiw  lirow  It  iMi/iv 

link    >..Tll|   OIhI     M.II  k     l.|"<kx 


«    UT    I       I  •-•4     U 

■n   uii   ;     r.'i   4i 


flf 


Other    soiinilllivs    on     the    ih, Ml,  lull     not     l.ii.eli     h\     the    7'|(,vr,/''i,,,,  Hi\,.  si\t\     fat  hoiiiS  ,i!   I 


miles  and   se\ciil\   li\e   falhol^^    al    ten    miles   w  esi    li\    son 

llUhl    hnllse. 


Ih   II, df  soilh   (W  .  liv  S.  X  S. 


I  '■ 


llii 


r.ipe  ( 'iie^oi  \   was  iianii  d  livCapt.  .I.iiiies  Cool,  w  ho  i>laced  II  l'\   licai  inj.'s  in  l.ililmle  f".    ■'■" 


and  il   is  de>eiil.ed  li\    hini  .i>  fiiUows: 

Tills  |Miiiit  IS  ii'iiiloroil    ri-tiL.-irkalili-    l>\   IIh*   'ami  ol    it  M.siio.;ii 


■ill. It. -U    fimii  Hi M  In    .a  tol.T.-iMo  l.--ulii,  .ml 


Unit  on  lai  II  sol'   of  il 


Is   S  II  \     low 


\'alieoil\  er  pl.na  d   i!    m   lalltllde    l.i      -'.'•'. 

On  I  te  Moii.is"  eh.ii  I,  fSj  |,  it  is  iiaincd  i  ape  Ifedond'i  or  <  iic;.,'ory. 

Tel)eiil>etfs  ehait  of  the  eoavl,  daleil   I  s  IS,  li.is  oidv    Ihe  lia Cape  (lleooi-y. 


Ill  I      <l  II  was  I 
Hoiiietiincs  ap)ilicil  III  It. 


d  (  ',i|ie  .V !,(;.;.»  oil    the  i  ecollliaissaiiee  sill  \e.V  of  I  ha  I    \eai,ai,il  that  III 


I'acikk;  coasi'  I'ii.ui'. 


897 


,',';.•■  ,'i|ll■i.^^r,;  Tiisti(iic  r.ilihi  Cinrm*. — Tlu'  (hrnn  Kinij^w  liuvfj  coalsliip,  \viin  liiirncd  oll'(';iin< 
Cn-iiiA  M:iv  S.  ISST;  iiiiil  <liiriii;,'  llic  t(»|)(><,'iiiiiliical  ?cc(Hin:iissaiicn  in  llic  following'  Aiijiust  parts 
,,|  a  l.HKf  IhhiumI  sliip  were  tniiiul  on  liic  hcacli  Itetwci'ii  llrccta  Ufa.I  ami  (JajHi  I'fipi-tua,  liCly- 
;i\.   null's  Id  lli«^  noi  tliwani  of  Cape  (lir^ioiv. 

KOOS  BAY. 

Two  mill's  oasf  iiortlioast  of  llio  rci  f  oiitsitl"  of  ("ape  (Irc^'ory  laf;Ii(  lioiis<>  is  tin- wiilc  and 
i.i<il\  rrcouni/cd  "'ntrancf  to  I'ioos  lla\  and  Kivcr.  TIm'  south  ])oint  of  the  entrance  is  naini'd 
Ki.-  Iliad;  it  is  a  ro:  ndini;,  nu'liy  point.  Iiaif  a  inilc  in  cimiit,  witli  an  indented  shortvlinc.  In 
,  h  ;,  iitll.-  cove  liicre  is  a  lnoad  sand  lii'acli,  wldlf  tlii'  lowwaicr  sand  ln'acli  cxlcnds  out  to  tiic 
1  .',:  ol  till'  I'lilVs.  The  siirl'acc  of  tin-  head  is  Iii;ili  and  rollin;,',  and  is  eovcied  with  a  lit'avy 
uiMvvlli  of  pine  and  a  dense  uiider;;io\vlli  of  liiiisli. 

Tliere  are  ih>  delaelied  rcelvy  ied;;(s  or  rocks  roniul  lliis  head,  excejit  a  small  rock,  called 
(,•  ./.I  liiiik,  whiili  lies  two  liundied  antl  forty  yards  northwest  (NNV.)  from  the  northwesternmost. 
nil  I  of  the  head,  and  one  and  three  (piMrters  niih's  north  titty  three  de;;rees  east  (N.  .Vi  '  lO.)  from 
('.i|ii   (III  ;'(>ry  Mj'.lil  house.     This  loek  Ins  to  the  southward  of  the  channel  leadiuj;  in  to  the  hay. 

The  north  point  ot'  theentiance  is  low  and  foriued  of  shift  in  <;  sand  dunes  that  leaeh  one  hundred 

Irr:    11  liej;:hf.     iJef'iie  the  present  iniprovemenls  l(y  the  Tnited  ^!tates  lOuKineers  t  lie  breadth  of  the 

,  ii! !  riii-e  at  hi.i;h  watei' was  soiuetimes  as  much  as  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile,  and  at  low  water  three- 

.1,'  iis  ot'  a  mile,  with  a  narrow  ehannel  of  neai  ly  three  huiulred  yards  lietween  the  three  fathom 

a:-.     The  points  la.\  ninth  and  south  of  each  other  Ueforo  any  improvements  were  nudertaken. 

(•I  M,  r  lily  the  liar  nif  the  enti'ance  lay  aliout  threeipiartersor  (Uie  mile  to  the  niuthwestward  and 

Mill     the  iMi  I  li  mil  liiwcst  ot'  the  soMthern   point;  and   the  de|>th   of  water  on   it  \aricd  very 

ii.;.|\.      In  IS.".:'-".'it  there  was  a  depth  ol   nine  to  nine  and  a  half  feet   on   the   liar.     In  IStil   it 

"■id  well  to  the  mil  thuard  ;   in  IStli;  the  < 'o.ist  Siirve\  liri;;-   F/n/»//r(vi//,  dr;iw  iuj;  ten  feet,  could 

;:.i|  ruler ;  in  ISti,")  the  channel  lau  paralli  1  with  the  western  side  of  the  north  point  and  far  lieyond 

I,  '.Mill  only  seven  feet  ill  the  slioalest  part.     .\t  all  times  \  essels  enleied   and   left  with  the  llood 

•nil'  lii'canse  the  liar  then  is  siiuMilher;   with   the  elili  there  is  a   heavy  lireak  unless  the  sea  is 

!r!ii:iikalily  smontli.     The  em  rents  luii  \eiy  strongly,  as  miuld  he  supposed,  t'roiii  the  extent  of  the 

i'lv  and  the  size  of  the  ehannel.     We  !ia\  e  seen  the  sea  lireakin;,'  completely  across  the  entrance. 

!i  iinidcrate  northwest  weather,  and  It.iow  that  the  old  mail  steamer  has  tried  to  enter  it,  hut  upon 

-n  my  the  danger  would  not  take  the  lisk.     In  IS(!1  the  party  exaniiniiifi  it  could  yet  hut  one  day's 

Mill,  on  the  liar  diiiini;  several  moiiihs.     In  the  spriii};  of  istl.s  the  ttriti;  ,l(/m()vi/ reported  w;iiting 

■,  I  lie  lia.\  t  hirt  V  one  ila,\  s  tor  a  cliMiice  to  yet  o\ei  the  liar, 

r.iit  the  iiil  ioduclion  of  a  steam  tuy  for  piloiiiiy  and  lowiiiy  vessels  in  and  out  has  complelely 
■  ;iiii;M'd  the  trallie  to  this  lia,\ .  and  I  he  (loverntni'iii  is  now  ('oustructiny  improvements  intended 
■n  Keep  the  ehannel  in  one  diieciion  and  to  iiniease  the  dcjiih  of  water  on  the  liar. 

(Ml  the  insnle  of  ilie  eiiliaiiee  :iiid  aiircasl  ol'  the  north  point  t'le  e;isierii  shore  of  the  hay  i:'  a 
lew,  irreyiilar  line  of  roeivy  elitfs,  covered  with  a  '.ieav\  j^iow  tli  of  pine  to  their  edyes.  The  western 
pii'lcctioii  of  these  clilVs  is  know  n  as  I'ossil  Point,  w  liicli  lies  one  and  one  sixth  miles  northeast  Ity 
i.i.-^l  (NI-.  Iiy  i;.)  tiom  Koos  Head.  I'rom  this  point  tin  I'nited  States  laiyineers  |iiopose  to  carry 
iiMf  a  halt  tide  jelly,  or  dellectiiiy  dike,  eiylit  huiiilieii  \ards  in  Iciiylh,  on  a  sliyhtly  cur\ed  line 
li'Uaids  Koos  Head.  \\\  this  impiov  elm  lit  a  d'.  plli  of  foiirtecii  feet  of  walcr  on  the  liar  is 
r\|ieilid.  This  jelly  llins  eiossis  entirely  the  former  channel,  >\  lii'ie  live  fathoms  of  water  was 
iiiiiiid,  .iiid  leaches  lo  the  low  water  line  of  the  iioilli  point,  which  will  recessarily  he  cut  away. 
I'\  llie  end  of  l.S.SI  ihe  Jelly  had  liceii  carried  out  six  huiidied  a  id  eiyht  yardrf.  with  a  dejilh  of 
I'll  \  en  tathoiiis  se\  eiily  \  aids  finm  ils  iM  iiiiiiiy.  and  the  depth  of  water  on  the  bar  had  increased 
iiHc  fiiot.  In  .In  lie.  |.s.S,"i,  there  was  a  tieplli  ol  a  lion  I  twelve  or  thirteen  feet  on  the  har,  and  it  was 
liii'ii  nearly  noiihwcst  one  ih'.d  west  ( N  \\  ,  \  \\ .)  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile  from  Koos  Head,  or 
'iiliei-  .'■ouih  than  when  the  eli.i  unci  swept  well  under  the  eastern  siile  of  Koos  Head. 

Koos  li.iy  is  \ci\  iireyularin  natliiir.  Imi  its  yciieral  shape  is  soiiiewhat  like  the  letter  \J, 
«iili  the  coi:\,  xit\  In  the  iioiili.  ami  li.i\iny  one  arm  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast  and  only  ji 
nale  inside  of  it  tor  six  or  siiin  miles,  (►ne  small  ami  shoal  liianch,  called  t  he  Soiil  li  Sloiiyh, 
I'liiiies  in  tiiiiii  the  Mill  111  ward  lichind  <  '.ipe  ( iieyorv ,  lint  at  its  junction  inside  of  Koos  Head  it  has 
Miilv  two  or  three  tei  1  of  water  in  it,  exript  w  lieie  the  depth  is  contracted  lo  three  hundred  and 
I  ll,\  >  aids,  w  here  there  !■..  a  n.ii  row  ehamiel  way  w  ilh  se\  en  feel  of  w  aler  in  it. 

North  of  the  cut  i  a  nee  at  Koos  Head  the  lia.v  proper  I  icy  i  us  and  runs  a  little  cast  of  north  lor 
■■iven  miles  to  Ihe  yieai   lieiid,  where  there  is  a  liroiid,  short,  and  shallow  arm  oontiniiing  norlli- 


,1* 


m 


^  til!: 


3'.IS 


I'ACll'IC    CDAsr    iMi.or. 


'-HI 


.nf 


'\iir(l.  Tlic  ;;it'nt  lifiid  is  riiii;;lil\  casl  iiiii!  Wfsi  (or  i\v.>  miles,  mid  tlit'ii  flii'  niiiiii  h;i\  imhiI, 
.soiilli  soiilliiMst  '.or  liiiii-  iiiilfs  iiinl  iiiii'o.iscs  in  wiiltli  |i>  iicarlv  tvm  niilts,  willi  llircf  ijiiiii  i.  is  di 
its  iirc.i  (111  till' cast  liaii-  at  low  water.  Several  sl<iii;;lis  eiiirr  at  the  soiillieni  Jieaij  iil  \\ir  U;iv. 
Ciidl  /.'((«/,•  iS7i)»i//(  eiiieis  at   the  siiiiihwest   aiif^li^  ami   the  main  ii\('r  <'(iiiies  in  at   the 


i;;le.     I'))  t(»  the  liead  of  the  hay  theri'  is  a  ehaiiiielway  with  iimie  water  than  the 


■^HII!  ilc,|>l 
•e    i>  nil    111,. 


liar. 


The  i  hiiniicl-iraii  before  the  jetty  imiiro\ciiient  was  narrowest  hetween  I'ossil  Point  aiiM  ijii' 
iiorlli  sjiit.  Iieinjr  theie  onl,\  si\  hundred  yards  wide  at  low  water,  hut  carryin;;'  a  depth  of  i  !i'\(ii 
I'alh'iiiis.     ill  this  jiait  ot  therhannel  lies  the  only  danf;er  in  the  liay  theiiee  to  Miuiiire  ('it>.    Tliis 


"lan.iiei  IS  iiamec 


I  the  /•', 


■•v  lo>il,\     It   is  a  sunken  rnek  i\iiii;  .six  liiiiidred  \,irds  ninth  se 


M'lili  rii 


■l\t\ 


defiii-es  east  (N.  17  ■  K.)  IVoin  the  p:  event  outer  tiiil  uf  the  jei  ty.  It  lies  thrt'e  hit  ml  led  aii<i 
',.inlswe>t  |\V.)  t'rom  l'"ossil  Point  ami  one  and  one  si\teentli  miles  northeast  (N  I",.)  I'lom  k.m. 
Head.  It  has  eleven  teet  ot'  water  upon  it.  Since  tiie  jetly  has  lieeii  iuiilt  a  shoal  has  maiji-  nn: 
three  hniidred  yards  to  the  noilli  ol'  this  dani;<r.  It  has  been  niaiked  with  a  buoy  and  imi-i  i.. 
jiasseil  a!  a  distance  ol' about  one  hinidied  yards  to  the  westward. 

Aiih  til  \iiriiiitli(iii. —  In  the  approaches  and  in  the  bii\,  buoys  have  lieeii  laid  down  li,  Un 
I.i;;ht  lioiise  iJnaiil.  As  the  eiitrani'e  to  tlii' channel  of  this  bay  undergoes  Ireipienl  ami  iiic.;ii!,ii 
ciiaij;:cs  ill  depth  and  directimi,  no  course  can  be  }ii\fn  to  cross  tlie  bar.  The  chaiifre  ol'tidc  "Mni 
suddenly  jirodnces  a  chaiifie  in  tlie  direction  of  the  channel.  'I'he  s.il'est  plan  is  to  ii-dit  /,,,  ■/„ 
/lildl  /in/,  w  hi 


■h  now  takes  vessels  in  and  (iiit  even  at  iiiLdit. 


The  W  lil\lliii(i  liiiiii/. — This  is  tlie  outside  barbiniy,  and  is  fmiiitid  irilli  hUuk  <(nil  irliii,  j,,  i- 
ji-iidii  iihir  Kirijiis.  It  is  suriiioniitcd  by  a  whisth-.  which  is  s<iiiiided  by  the  action  of  liie  sr  ,i  :iii,l 
;;i\es  twenty  or  thirty  blasts  per  minute.  It  is  moored  two  miles  less  one  hundred  yards  nuiili 
cii;lit  de^'l'ces  west  I  N.  S  W.i  fl iilii  t he  li^'lit  house  and  iwii  miles  less  three  hundred  yards  iiortJ! 
sixt\  three  de^'iees  west  (N.  <!■!     \\.)  fromtliiano  li'ock. 


'i'l 


lis  lillov    was 


tirst  located  Match  '.K  ISSd.  instead  and  in  the  place  of  the  old  outer  bar  li 


In  Dt 


iber  it  broke  adiill.  and  ii'  Auijiist,  1^>.>,  was  Ibiind  on  tiie  beach  between  the  I 


iiipiiii.ili 


and  tiie  Sinslaw.  and  within  three  niihs  of  the  latter,  liavinj;  been  borne  northward  by  the  in-.|iii'i 
eddy  (■iiiiciil  a  distance  of  thiity  miles.  The  liij^litllouse  lioaid  request  iiavi;;ators  to  rcpui-  i 
the  bliny  is  nut  soiiiulin;;  ,ilopeil\. 

Till  Hiir  I  111  I  III. — This  is  a  second  class  can  buoy,  pnintid  iri/li  lilm  k  unit  irliiliitirpoiiliiiiliirstriiiis 
I'roiii  its  present  position  on  the  chait  the  lollowiiif,'  beaiiii;;s  and  distances  are  obtained  :  !• 
(  ape  ( irc;:iir\  I.iuht  house  soiiili  toiixone  deyiecswest  (.">.  U  NV.),  distant  one  and  li\eeiul!'ii 
cad.  inner  tanyeiii,  south  sixty-three  dciriees  cast  (S.  tl.'P   I'.),  distant  li,i,l. 


mile; 


to    i< 


II 


mile  :  to  tlie  w  hist  1  ill  u'  buoy  nortli  north  w  est  half  west  (NNW.  .A  \V.)  distant  one  and  a  half 


The  riinhss  1:,hL-  Jl 


null. 


I'his  is  a   Hiird  iliisK  iiini  hiinii,  pnintvil  ml  oml  niniiln  ml  '2;  iIiim/ 


linoy   No.   L' 
(\V.'b\  N.  1  N.)  fi 


lilai'cd    two  hiindiiil    and   ei;:lityti\e  yards   west    by  north  one  hail  i:i; 
i 


lom  lossil  Point. 


Siiiiilsjiit  Iliiiiii. — 'I'his  is  a  first  class  spurhuoii.  }tainti  li  lilmk  and  .iiimhi  ml  |  ;   it  is  placed  ■ 


western   si 


le   ot'llie   clLiniiel.     The   distance   between    this   biio\    and    the  Feailess  I; 


i; 


till  1 1  Inn  id  led  ,\  aids,  with  a  deep  channel  between  them  cat  r.\  iii^  ten  fathoms  of  w  ater      'i'ii 
low  in;;  lieaiiiii^s  and  distances  show  tlie  position  ot'  the  bin 


lit'leeii  sixteenths  ot'  a  mile;  end   of  half  t  ide  Jetty  soiilh    1 
fwiiit\   \aids  di-iant  :    I"us>il  Point  east  b\   iioitli  ^  P.  b\   N 


Koos  Head  southwest  (SW'.i.di- 
wot   (.S.  by  W.)  four  hnmlied 
in  line  with   I'carless  pnidv   Pn 


Jliiiiji  mi  imi  III  ,  i.il  III'  sliuiil. — This  is  a  lliliil  cluss  iiiihIiiiuii,  piiiiitnl  ml  and  iiinnhi  lUil  ■[. 
anchored  in  nine  feel  (d'  water  on  the  noitli  end  ot'  the  shoal  wliieli  has  t'oiined  north  of  tin 
.\  liei  p.i-sin;:  tln>  buoy  a  \  essel  steers  directly  tor  t  he  north  w  liarf  at   Piiipin-  t 


le-s  III" 


lt\ 


hoilli  1p\  east  one  i|iiarlcr  ea^t  (N.  b,\   P.  [  K. I  course  lor  nearly  two  and  onelilth  miles. 

Tins   bno\    IS   now  plaeerl   six  linndred  and  sevi'iity  tive  yaids  northwi'st   by  mutli  on.   : 
noith  iNU,  by  N.  h  N.)  Inmi  Pi;;eoii  Point. 

The  follow  iii^  bearin;js  and  distances  show  the  position  of  the   buo.\  :    Koos    Head  sonil' 
three  ton  I  ths  son  III  iSW  .  ,'  S.,,  distant  nearly  one  and  a  live-fi;;hthsmilefl;  I''ossil  Point  south  H 
ei;.'litlis  West  (S.  :  \V.).  distant  li\  eei;:litlis  ot' a  mile;  ami  I'linpirc  City  north  wharf  noiili  b\  . 
one  i|iiaitcr  east  (N.  by  !•].  J   !•',.)  iieiiily  t wo  and  one  lifih  miles. 

Alter  pas.sjn^  iKuthward  ill  laiipire  ('it.\  the  chain  (d  is  marked  by  .several  lii;o\s.  Ai 
water  the  b,i\  appe.irs  \ery  exiensixe,  but  at  low  water  the  shoals  show  the  coinparatn  el.\ 
iracted  cliaiinel-way. 


>!i« 


(    !       I' 


* 


I'ACIKIC   COAST   PILOT.  399 

Alioiit  oiu'-lliiid  of  a  milti  nortliiiortliwe.st    (NNW.)  from  Kinpiic  City  wliarf  tlic  survey 

;,.,  iiis  tlurc  suiihtii  rorhs  in  an  aii-a  of  three  liundicd  yimls,  witli  (ifteen  teet  of  water  between 
,111. i  iminul  tlieni  and  from  two  t(»  (l.ree  feet  Upon  (iieni.  Tiie  main  elianiu-l  is  under  the  western 
v!i    !•,  and  fherefort!  to  tho  westward  of  these  diiu;,'ers. 

At  fiveci};lillisor  a  mile  north  imrthwest(NNW.)  from  Empire  (,'ity  lies  tlie  soutliern  fail  of 
ilic  l;iit;e  ii)i(hlh>  firound.  neiirly  miiiwiiy  lietween  tiie.  two  sh<ires,  or  rather  nearer  fJM^  western 
h    ■■,    Tlie  western  ed^e  ol' this  ndddh^  {ground  is  one  and  onothird  mileh  northnorthwost  (NNW.) 
ih  :i  Iviipirt!  <'ity,  and  is  niark(>d  liy  a  red  buoy  as  foUows: 

Miihllr  (iiountJ  Hiioi/. — As  Just  nu'iilioned  this  buoy  marks  tlie  we.stern  edge  of  the  middh', 
r;,  iind  wl.ieh  taiischiwn  niid-eliannel  to  within  li\  i'(i;;litlis  of  a  mihi  of  lanjiiie  City.  It  is  a./i*>7- 
,/,(.s  spar  hiitii/  judnliil  rtil  and  iiiinilnntl  (>.  This  buoy  lias  been  moved  one  and  a  indf  mih's  down 
liir  ii.iy,  and  is  now  placed  Just  to  the  west  wan!  of  the  three  feet  roeli  wldeh  lies  three-tenths  of  a 
11  111   iiorlli  l>y  west  (X.  l)y  W.)  from  llie  upper  pier  at  Kmpire  <'ity. 

(Irrat  lUnd  l',u<i\j. — \t  the  western  part  (»f  the  {jreat  bend  of  Kons  Hay,  two  and  a  half  miles 
|i,\.piid  Kmpire  ('ity,  the  shoals  and  Hats  make  out  from  the  south  sliores.  Athijjii  water  the  shoals 
;ii,'  covered;  at  low  wafer  a  lar-je  area  is  bare.  This  buoy  marks  the  north  ed^e  of  the  shoal, and 
(ill  iclore  tiu^  soulli  side  of  the  chaMMcl.     It  is  a  /hst-fhiss  spurhuny,  painti'd  >ril  and  niimhcnd  8- 

The  followinjj;-  lu'arinjis  and  distances  hicafe  this  buoy:  Poney  Point,  west  tan},'ent  of  clitV, 
siiiitliwestseven  eif^hths  south  (SW.  J  S.),  three  ipuirters  of  a  mile;  Itussell  Point,  northeast  oiu'- 
(|;i, liter  east  (NK.  \  I',.),  two  and  onecpiarter  miles  ;  North  Henil  I'oint,  east  one  third  north  (E.  If 
N.!,  >iii(>  iniU' ;  and  P.iioy  No. .'{,  abreast  of  North  Heiul  Point,  northeast  by  east  seven-eijjhtlis  east 
(M..  by  V),  I  I'].),  two  and  oneei};lifh  miles. 

A  red  Inioy,  No.  lit,  has  been  placed  lialf  a  mili^  (oiu^  thousaiul  and  fifty  yards)  west  by 
nmili  (W.  by  N.)  from  North   I'.end  Point. 

A'iir//(  /.'(■/('/  roint  lluiitj. — 'fhis  buoy  is  placeil  on  the  eastern  edfjo  of  the  channel.  To  tho 
lioiiliward,  eastward,  and  southward  of  it  the  shoals  are  very  e.\tensive  and  larj^ely  bare  at  low 
Miller.  It  is  -.iJiiKliliiss  siKirhiioii,  puiiitcd  hlarlr.MH]  mimhcnd  JJ ;  it  is  placed  in  eight  feet  of  water. 
The  channel  between  it  and  Nortli  llriid  Point  is  not  (|iiite  thie(>  hundred  yards  wide,  but  is 
-.iiiiiicd  out  to  six  fath(iiiis,  with  scant  two  fathoms  to  the  mill  wharf,  one  (|iiarter  of  a  mile  south 
ill'  liie  point.  Vessels  j'ive  this  buoy  a  berth  of'one  hundreil  yaids.  From  this  buoy  to  the  south- 
w.iid  the  <'liannel  is  close  under  the  western  slnu'e,  sweeping  past  the  North  IJend  saw  mill. 

'I'he  following  liearint;s  and  distances  locate  this  buoy:  I'.ast  tangent  of  North  Itend  Point 
li.  irs  southeast  one-fouitii  south,  distant  seven  liumlrecl  yards;  Itussell  Point  north  1),\  west 
,N.  Iiy  \V.),  half  a  mile  nearly. 

lUiitji  A'o.  r». — This  is  a  firxl-rluss  simrhiiny,  painted  bhiik  and  numhord  5-  It  is  jdaeed  in  nine 
!.  ■  I  of  water  on  the  western  edge  of  a  shoid  lietween  which  ami  the  woodcil  slaue  on  the  wt^st 
Mile  of  the  lOmnnel  there  is  a  narrow  jiassage  of  oidy  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  yards  width 
.11  lying  thirfeeu  feet  of  water.  N'essels  give  this  buoy  a  berth  of  seventy  yards.  Cnder  tho 
\. Hilled  shorts  the  low-wafer  line  makes  out  fifty  yards,  and  widens  in  the  curve  hence  to  Marsh- 
i.  Ill  i'liliit. 

Tlie  following  bearings  and  dislanccs  locate  this  Imoy  :  Cooper's  I'oint  bears  north-northwest 
nNW.)  nearly  time  iiiiarters  of  a  iiiilc  distani,  wiili  the  North    liend  sawmill  just  open  to  the 
iislwaidof  It;  and  .Marslillild   Pimii   soutliei.st  seven-eighllis  south  (SK.  J  S.),  Just  over  three- 
i|ii. liters  of  a  mile. 

'lite  ^'<'ii;;rapliical  posiiioiiot  Kmis  Head,  tlii' sontlierii  point  of  the  entrance  to  Koos  P.ay,  h.is 
liieii  deternmieil  b,\  the  I'.  8.  Coast  and  (ieodetie.  Hurvey  as  follows: 

l.aliliiili' 4;i     ■,'!    il-J   .'.I  Miiilh. 

I.l.MKlllllll' l-'t'    \'J     I-     .:i     WlHt. 

Or,  ill  liiiii' f"  1"'"  I'-"--- 

The  magiH'tie  variation  was  l!(^  :■(>'  east  in  January,  ISSa,  and  increases  annually  I'.t. 
Tidrs.—TUi'  Corrected  ilsfalilishmenf .  <u'  mean  interval  between  flic  time  of  the  moon's  transit 
ami  file  I  imr  of  hiiih  wafer,  is  XII"  <ll"'.     The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides  is  liuir  and  eight-tenths 
(I'll;  of   springtides  live  and  nine  tenths   feet;  and   of  neap-tides  fliii'(>  and  seven-teuths  feet. 
file  mean  duration  of  llie  Hood  is  (!''  O,"."' ;  of  Ihe  ebb  <J''  L'd'";  and  of  the  stand  (•''  ;!!•'". 

The  fwi)  tides  of  the  same  day  are  geiieially  i i|iial  in  proportion  to  the  moon's  declination. 

At  Ihe  full  and  e.hangoof  the  moon  the  liigli  wafers  will  lu^  live  tenths  of  a  foot  higher  than 
(lie  average,  and  the  low  waters  five  teiilhs  of  a  foot  lower.     At  the  moon's  first  and  last  quar- 


t:V 


r 


.1  :« 


4(H) 


I'Acii'K;  coAsi'  iMi-or. 


i:»i  ! 


fjTs  the  Iiij^Ii  waters  iuc  tivctciitlis  ol'  a  foot  lower  tliaii  llie  averajie,  and  tlie  low  wale 
tall  sK  lnw  as  the  aveia^re  liy  tiveteiillis  of  a  Coot. 


PS   <|n     III 


Tlie  times  anil  lieij^lits  of  every  tide  of  the  year  can  l)e  found  l>y  eoiisnllin^r  lli(>  I'aeilic  i 


Tide  'failles,  iitililished  annnally  liy  the  l'.  S.  Coast  and  (ieodetie  Survey.     l''oi'  liie  reipi 
at  I'ijieon  I'liint  take  ont  tiie  time  and  hei;;lil  for  Astoiia.  then  from  tiie  f;iven  lime  of  hi 
snlilr.iel    1 1'",  and  from  the  iieiuhl  snltti'aet  one  and  se\eu  tenths  feet  ;  fiotn  llie  ^nven  tiim 
water  snhlraet  Hi''',  and  from  the  fjiveii  hei;;hl  snlitrael  three  tenths  ol'  a  foot. 

These  tallies  show   lliat  at    North   I'.end  sawmill   Ihe  hi;;li   tides  are  I''  17'"  later  liiai 


n    ■  .i:r, 


I    .!i     till 


month,  ani 


1  the  low  tides  1''  2S"'  latel 


Ciinrnts. — The  direction  of  theoetan  enrrents  in  the  \ieinilv  of  Koos  I!a\  entrai 


lee  IS  |.,iiilv 


8liowii  liy  the  tlrit'tini;  of  Ihe  linoys  wliieli  break  adi'ift.     They  all  move  to  tin-  noilhward,  ami 
been  picked  up  as  far  as  the   Kinslaw  Itiver.     In  ISS.'i  the    wliisllin;;   hnoy    liroke  adrifl  aini 


li:i\i' 


licked  np  that  far  north. 


Kiicis  Hay  is  in  Ihe  custonis  colleclion  district  of  sonlhern  ()rej;iiM.     lOmpire  (.'ity  is  1 1 


of  entr' 


it  is  situated  four  miles  inside  the  entrance  to  Ihe  liav  on  iIiimmsI  liaidv.     It 


laS   a    I;l|;;i. 


mill  ami  a  wharf  that  extends  to  si\teeii  t'ect  ol'  water.  The  eoinnu'rce  of  the  hay  has  vers  l.iui-h 
ineri'ased,  and  in  the  four  \ears.  ISSl-jSs,"),  the  numlier  of  \essels  eiossin;;  the  liar  wa>  ili\iii 
hnndi'cd  and  ei^litien,  of  which  iiinety-ei;:lii  drew  more  than  thirteen  feet  of  walei'.  A  few  lc.iii;;ii 
vessels  enter  lor  luinlier  (Ml  ^<ies.  In  ISS.1  the  exports  einhraced  .se\entecn  million  live  hiiinliiil 
thousand  feet  of  Ininlier  and  Iweiityiiine  thoiisaiid  tons  of  coal.  There  are  four  lar;;e  sau  mill'. 
on  the  liay.  Sliipluiildin;;  was  commenced  at  tlui  North  ISeiid  in  Is.V.t,  and  iiji  to  the  ycai  1»:; 
there  had  liecn  constructed  ami  lilted  tint  for  sea  twenlyniiie  vi'ssels  lia\injr  an  a};j;ic;;alr  nj 
eif;ht  thousand  four  hundred  and  lifly  fifiiit  tons,  or  an  averajre  of  two  hundred  and  iiimiv  ihh 
tons.  The  lar;;est  vessel  limit  wastheship  Wistnii  .S'/kdv',  of  one  tliousand  oneliiindicd  and  ei-lii\ 
seven  tons,  launched  in  1S7  |. 

'Ihe  coal  mines  are  three  miles  u|)  the  Coaliiank  Slou;,'h,  which  makes  into  the  soulhucst  p.iit 
of  the  lia.\.     Koos   l!i\i'r  proper  enters   the  souihcasi    jiail   of  ilie  hay,  and  it  is  said  that  il  ili>' 


•r  liais  and  si 


i.iirs  Were  removed  sma 


II  steamers  coii'd  i     .eh  Ihe  head  of  naviL;alion  lliiit\   m 


distant. 
'f 


le  word  ixoos 


thai   approachin;:   nearest   to  the  Indian  ptiuiuiiclal  ion  of  Ihe  naiin' ni 


liav.     It  Is  ^.iid  to  sl';iiilV  a  lake, 


a'^ooii,    or 


llld  locked    I  a.\ .      Il     is    l'iei)lleli|l\    spelled   (' 


('owes.     l)nlliii  (le  .Molias  amnsin;:ly  tiaiislalcN  it  il.  des  N'aches;  and  Telieiikolf,  perliap-  iih-lcl 
thereliy.  called  il  the  It.  Koiiova  lor  Koniva  (ir<'ow  Itixcr. 

The   r.  S.  Coast  .Sm\e\    piililisheil   a  charl   of  Ihe  liay  and  approaches  from  the  >ui\i\  ni 


ISfd. 


Mdiliiitir    \'ii)ititi(iii. —  I'or  .laiiiiaiv,   lSS,"i.  the  line  of  eipial  ma^'iielic  declination  ol   L'n 


cut    llie   coast  line   north   of   Koos    li.iy    in    lalltnde    l.i      .l.'i',    and  llierelbre  Sdlllh  of  the  I    II 
i:i\  er.     It  will  mii\  e  annnall,\  alioiil  one  mile  to  the  noitliwai'd  for  a  feu  years  until  Ihe  niaxi 
e.istcin   dcciiiialioli   is  reached. 


•,l>l 


ipi|ii;i!i 


THI".   UMl'QUAH   RIVER. 
The  coast  line  runs  almost  not  Ih  for  I  \\  eiii  \  miles  from  Koos  I'.a.\  to  the  mouth  of  Ihe  In;  hip 


in  a  lie, Illy  .-.liai;;!!!  line  ot'  low  sliolcS  lionlelcil  liy  liii;;lit  s.ilid  (luiies,  which  show  ver> cliMll) 
troiii  the  distance  of  ten  miles,  and  therefore  they  are  moderately  lii;;li.  The  coiinlry  immediaii !» 
lie  III  lid  t  he  11 1  i>  n  M II I  era  I  el  V  low  and  ileii^el  \  Wooded  (or  sc\  cral  miles.  In  the  (|:slance  Ih.  loitliAi-.! 
spur  of  the  I'liipipiah  Mountains  comes  in  froiii  the  main  I'an^M*  which  runs  nearly  north  mil  tli''M'>i 
and  .south  soiillieast.  I'"or  ten  miles  Iroiii  ( '.ipe  ('ire;;()iy  la;;lil  house  the  waters  of  Koos  l!a\  mikI 
it,s  iKirthei  u  111, inch  lie  a  mile  or  t  wo  lieliind  the  eoasl  line.  At  foiirleeii  miles  from  the  li^ht  linuM' 
111,1 11  stream,  calleil  the  leii  mile  Creek,  thirl  v  vards  in  widlli,  w  iiicli  drains  siuiie  ol  the 


tl 


lere  is  a  s 

lakes  or  hif^ooiis  lieliiiid  ihecoiiHl  iid;,'es.  The  topoy;ra|iliy  ncrthof  this  stream  shows  lliecoiiiiii> 
to  lie  a  line  of  riil;^cs,  reachiiij,'  live  hundred  feet  elevation,  with  Uiuii  inleiveninn  \alle\s  ii(,i!l\ 
parallel  w  iih  the  shore. 

I'll  1111  I'c  II  mile  (  reeii  ;lie  distance  is  .se\cn  miles  to  t  Jic  iiioulh  of  the  linpipiah,  and  t  he  slieii' 
line  is  hacked  liy  sand  dunes  which  in  t  wo  ii. lies  reach  to  t  he  cd;;c  of  the  loresls  on  the  Iii^Imi 
ridL'cs.     These  dunes ':eiieiall\  lie  in  drills  Ml  the  direclion  of  Ihe  summer  winds  and  attain  a^ 


lunch  as  four  li 


iindlcd   and    I  wciitv  fid  eh  \atioii  at  the  loresl  line.     'I'liroU'dioilt   these  ilrilt- 


lai;;e  hollows,  reachin;,'  foiir  hundred    \ar.ls  in  extent   and  sunk  us  niiieli  as  sixty  feet  below  Hie 


% 


rACII'IC    COAST    PILOT. 


401 


siiii'"iiiiliii;i  level.  In  some  eases  tlieso  <le]irt>ssiniis  are  iniiikeil  ]^^■  a  line  of  jjiiio  trees;  in  others 
liiiv  lie  in  tlie  Iiarc  saiiil.  N'ery  cuiiDiisly,  when  flio  sanil  reaehes  the  tbrestline  it  invades  th(! 
«,i.'i!'il  pails  in  drlMs  rnnnin;{  to  tl"^  north,  and  in  tlu-se  lines  the  wind  draws  t'roin  the,  soutii- 
.  ii.  Tliese  ^reat  sand  tlunes  aro  the  most  noticeable  on  the  wholo  lino  of  tin;  coast.  They 
.ii.idiMliv  decrc:  so  ill  lireadth  and  in  liei{;ht  towards  tln^  southerii  (loiiit  of  the  entrance  to  the 
!  Ill  I  jiiah,  so  that  at  a  III  lie  less  than  two  miles  from  the  motilh  of  tin-  liver  the.  tin  lie  line  is  only 
,.1,  1.  hiindred  yards  wide  and  oij^hty  feet  hi};!'  to  the  edfje  of  the  forest.  Uiit  sharply  up  from 
;i!i>   Miier  s^iid  liorder  ajipear  tliroii;;li  the  trees  two  small,  iri'cijnlar  i>atclies  of  white  sand  amon;i 

hr  I •to])s.    This  is  the  distjnrtivc  fcatnrt^  for  makiiin'  the  bar  of  the  river.    The  highest  part 

,i  i'  ,  \  isiiih'  sand  is  two  hniidreil  and  ninety  fmir  feet.  \'ery  cnrionsly,  two  f,freat  depressions  li(^ 
111  liii^  liare  sand  ridj;e  on  the  farther  side,  an<l  beyond  them  one  or  two  la};oons.  This  saiiddnne 
lii.iiK  III  the  forest  lies  one  and  a  iialf  miles  soutli  seventy  de^'rees  east  (S.  Td"^  E.)  from  the  buoy 
,.il  !if  liar. 

Kciiiiid  the  southern  jMiiiit  of  tiie  rii:p(piali  a  sjuir  of  the  mountains  comes  from  the  southeast 
,  |,l^.  i\  towards  the  shore. 

Tin  re  are  no  hidden  danf;ei's  otf  the  line  of  coast  from  Tcn-mih'  (^reek  to  the  mouth  of  the 
I  ni|"|aiih,  and  the  depth  of  water  is  ten  to  litteen  fathoms  at  a  dislaiiet^  of  a  mile  from  the  slutre. 

Tiie  ITmpipiah  IJiver  is  the  larfrest  stream  eiiterin;,'  the  I'acilie Ocean  between  the  Sacramento 
,im1  i!i('  ("oliimliia  Kivers.  Its  mouth  lies  lifty-two  and  a  half  miles  north  one  ipiarter  west  (X.  ^ 
W.i  iroiii  Cape  Orlovd  l.i^'hl,  and  twenty-two  miles  north  one  eijililli  west  (X.  '  \V.)  from  ("ape 
(.rr-.iiy  Li;;lit.  It  rises  a  little  south  of  the  latilinle  of  Cape  ( )rtoid,  about  forty  live  miles  in 
II. .Ill  tliiM'oast,  :iid  runs  north-northwest  for  tiftv  livi^  miles,  when  it  strikes  nearly  west  for  the 
,>  i-i.  r>etween  it  and  the  coast  lies  the  I'mpfpiah  ran;;e  of  mountains,  cnlmiiiatinj;-  in  .Mount 
Aim  ulcn,  in  latitude  ■(:;  -  17'  north,  lon^Mtiide  li!:i  is'  west,  and  lyiny'  twenty  live.  mih'S  north 
r-lii\  oin\  decrees  east  ^X.SP  K.)  from  Cape  (lre;;()iy  Li^'lit. 

riie  mouth  of  the  river  valley  is  an  opeiiinjj  three  or  four  miles  wide,  with  a  broad  peniusnla 

(.1  ii  ^h  sand  dunes  bairiiij;  th(^  nortliein  side.     To  the  soutii  are  moderately  hij;li  hills,  ('(Ki-rcd 

'  :ii  heavy  foiestaiiil  impassable  iinderj;iowtli.     The  southeastern  sli!'-  "i'  the  valley  is  bordered  by 

■•i,  lately  hijih  roekyclilfs  covered  with  pine  and  spruce,  and  aloii<;-  tlienorthwesttac(!  of  this  rocky 

M.  luiis  the  Cmptpiah  Kivt'r  for  live  or  six  miles  in  a  <iciieral  south  southeast  direction,  and  with  an 

,\.i  i-e  width  ot  h.ilf  a  mile,  althou;;h  it  expands  towards  the  great  bend,  but  is  there  tilled  with 

I  11.1  shoals.     The  river  appears  to  be  <'rowded   aj;ainst  tlit^  southeast  rocky  shore  by  the  jiieat 

■  ,;,.l  dunes  formint;  the  north  point  of  the  entrance,  the  saml  of  whiih  is  beiai;'  continually  driven 
;.  I'-s  the  peninsula  into  the  ri\  er,  can  led  out    liy   li.e  cnircnt,  and  then  mo\ed  noith  by  the 

■  ■'  d  current.     These  sliiftiiij,'  sand  dunes  of  tiie  noilh  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  river  attain 

II  .  1.  valion  of  one  humiied  and  twenty  eit;ht  feel  abo\e  the  sea  on  the  river  shore.     These  sand 

■  I  .s  run  for  thire  miles  nearly  north  by  west,  with  anaxeia-c  breadth  of  over  oneinile,  and 
■'.■  ;  siuldeiily  clian;;e  to  higli,  sandy  hills,  covered  with  spriiee,  pine,  and  a  ileiise  iinderj;idwtli. 
!       r\in  oniside  these  wooded  hills  the  immediate  coastline  is  a  white  sandy  stretch  many  miles 

to  the  northwaid. 

flie  high  land  on  the  south  side  of  the  ri\er  entrance  is  bordered  by  a  lino  of  low  sand  dunes 
•  It  one  cpiarter  of  a  mile  in  width,  and  increasing  in  breadth  and  height  to  the  southward,  as 
!•  .idy  described.     These  dimes,  and  the  high  ones  in  the  I'oiest  at  tin'  south  of  the  entrance,  are 

■  i!.le  features  and  landmarks  for  making  the  river,      fheir  relation  to  the  Oiitsidi^  Uar-buoy  is 

II  on  page  402. 

the  mouth  of  the  river  was  nine  hundred  and  ten  yards  wide  at  the  time  of  the  fairvey  in 
-'..  and  tlie  <'xtreinity  ni'  the  noithein  point  of  ihe  entrance  lay  north  tbily  degrees  west  (N.  ■HI"' 

licim  the  nearest  rocky  point  on  the  easlein  shore  inside  tin-  ri\ir.  This  rocky  ]ioint  lies 
.  r  1 1  nailers  of  a  mile   inside  the  .south   point  of  the  eiitiai.cc,  and  forms  the  .southwest  jiart  of 

>liaip  recession  o['  the   rocky   sluue   at    Winchester   Hay.     From  Ihe  southern  point  of  the 

■  1, nice,  which    we  have  already  nientioiie.l  as  being  low  and  sandy,  the  shore  lim>  of  the  soutli 
'•■„[  the  nver  is  iieails   Hlraight   noilli   Ihiity  degrees  east   (X   .i"  '  K.)  Ibr  one  and  one  sixth 

es  to  Winchester  i!ay.     Hnl  this  sandy  shore  decreases  in  width  as  it  naclies  inland,  and  half- 

:\    to  Winchester  I!ay   it  meets  a  slight   bliitf  ami   then  a  rocky  shore  eo\ered  with  a  heavy 

.     uth  of  tirand  underbrush.     It  was  at  this  division  of  the  shore,  from  the  saml  ti>  the  fast  land, 

III  the  old  light  house  was  biiill  and  siibse(piently  carried  away. 

inside  the  enlranre  the  lower  reach  of  the  river  i>  long  ami  narrow,  averaging  less  than  half 
17211  im; -'(i 


i-lvJ 


!. 


0 


I!  § 

IM 


a 


ft 


it*  /If 
,1  .■ 


lU 


'1^ 


402 


rAciru'  coAsr  rii.or. 


^I'Ml'I'ul 


a  milf  fir  uliDiit  two  inilcs  mimI  llifii  i-xiciiiilini,'  to  inoii-  tliiiii  oik*  iiiilc  in  wiiltli.  II.- 
(liri'clioii  is  iiorili  tor  m\  imIIo:  it  is  honU'rcil  on  t!'"  .MMitlicnst  sido  liv  ji  nx'liv,  wooiird 
iunl  on  tin'  norlliucst  side  lor  tuo  inilts  liv  Inosc  nnil  sliiftin;;  saml  liilis,  cliaiiKiii;;  after  ihr  |||^| 
nn'li'  to  sand  sparsily  coviTcd  witii  coaisf  j;rass,  liuslies,  and  llr,  and  in  four  mili's  to  slfcp,  hi  i, 
iDckv  lianiis  covered  wiiii  iaii,'e  trees. 

Wincliistir  lidi/. — .Inst  insido  tin'  liver  entranco  tlioro  is  a  roeossion  of  tin-  roeky  niioi 
(>ast  side  wliieii   Ibrtns  Wineln'ster  l!ay       iMinn  the  sontli  to  the  nortii   point  tln^  distal 


'■  ell   t! 


H'e  ;ll•I(l^< 

this  liay  is  tuo  thirds  ot'  a  inile.  and  the  (i(  ptii  liaif  a  inile.  At  llie  northeast  an,i;le  of  the  hi\  js 
a  fluster  of  houses  known  as  IJeed's  li'aneii.  Into  tlie  sontlieast  an^le  of  tiie  iiay  enters  j  -iii;,!! 
stream,  twenty  yards  wiih',  at  tlie  soiitli  4'nd  i'\'  tlie  sand  lieaeii.  Tiie  iia.N  is  slioal,  and  the  hikIiIi,. 
of  it  isilireetiy  abreast  tlie  end  of  the  iioilli  point  of  the  eiitraiiee  to  the  ri\er.  Tlie  ih  |i||i  m 
water  alon^  the  front  of  the  lia.\.  between  the  two  points,  is  ten  feet  with  sandy  bottom. 

,1  iiirhi/  fit/,  visible  al  evlrer  ••  low  tides,  lies  under  the  southeast  shore  live  hnndreil  ,,ii,!v 
before  iculiiim  the  son  t  h  imini  ot'  W'iiiehester  I'l.i.N .  its  outer  ed^e  lies  one  hundred  and  till  \  \;iii|. 
from  tlie  shore;  ami  the  channel  i^    leie  iiairow  and  raiis  close  to  the  northwest  .side  ol'  ihi^    i  rf 


Orl:  1,'iif'. — In  the  middle  ot'  the  lixcr,  abreasi  ihe   nollhein   part  of  Winchester  II 


a  ]iatili  ot' sunken  rocks  and  sand  liat    known  as  the  Oik    li'eef  from  tho  vessel  thai  llist 


ll,\.     Mil   IV   |^ 


■Illll' 


niMiii 


it.     It 


lies  a 


liltl 


h.ilf  a  mile  ninth  oiii' quarter  e.ist  (N.  ',  I'].)  from  the  lirst  roci 


k\  |ioiiii 


>>i 


inside  the  entrance.     \'esscl~i  wmild  be  apt  to  keep  Well  in  towards  Winchester  Hay  and  c  i^i 
the  <  )ik  Iicif.  b  !'.  from  this  rocky  point  Ihe  channel  runs  dia;;onally  across  the  western  sImh  .nnl 
to  the  westward  of  the  Oik  iicef. 

'\'\\i-  hiir  iif  thr  riri  r  changes  its  |iosition  under  var.\iii;;  conditions  ot  storms  from  s 


and  'Meat  lif~hcis  dow  n   the  ri\er.     It    ''enerallv  maintains  a  depth   of  not  less  than  thirt 


e.iw.inl. 

CI'll    ll-l  I 


of    water,  and 


lies   about   two  ihirils  of   a    mile    from    the    h 


iw,   sandy,    sonthern    point    of  il 


entrance.  In  model. ite  wealher  Ihe  posiiioii  of  the  bar  and  channel  is  well  marked  li\  tin 
breakers  on  either  side,  but  in  heavy  soiitheaslcrs  the  swell  breaks  clear  across  the  entrance.  :iiii| 
il  is  at  times  impossiltle  to  lell  exactly  where  the  channel  is  except  by  tlu«  Outside  IJiioy  wlmli  i> 
chan;:e{|  li\   ilie  I,i;;hi-1  louse  lioaid  so  as  to  mainlain  a  certain  relation  |o  the  bar  ami  cliaiiiiil, 

I'loiii  the  bar  the  channel  ;j;cnerally  runs  tow  aids  the  low  hoiiIIi  point  of  the  eiilraiici  ,  iihI 
thence  alonu'  the  soiilhe,ist  slioie  for  more  than  a  mile  to  the  lirst  rocky  point  on  that  shoi.-.  (in 
the  northwest  side  of  the  channel  is  an  immense  sand  llal,  larj^cly  b.iie  al  low  w  .iter,  sliclilnnj 
to  the  southward  fiinn  the  iioitli  point  of  the  entrance  iind  reaching'  to  wilhiii  three  hnndieii  ami 
twenty  yards  of  the  south  shoie.  This  sand  llal  has  two  or  three  narrow,  shoal  passa).;es  thinii;:li 
it,  but  in  mid  entrance  it  is  half  a  mile  w  ide. 

Alter  pi'otiai'tcd  stm  nis,  as  in  November,  1S.-)S,  the  bar  elianucs  ;:reatly  in  posit  ion  and  lirptli. 
Al  that  time  ilie  steamer  CiilKiiiliid  could  not  leave  the  ri\i'r  for  alnml  ten  da,\s;  n|ion  exaiiuiii- 
t  ion  It  w  as  found  that  the  channel  across  the  bar  had  moved  a  I  ion  t  ihree-ipiai  leis  of  a  mile  t.>  ilir 


iitliw  aid  of  its  tbi  iiier  position  with  an  increased  depth  of  I  luce  and  a  half  fathoms 


In  October,  IssT,  H 


le    t  wo  chaniirls    into    the    rmpipiah,  w  il  h  a  loii^-  middle  si  I 


I  ;.i,  nl 


.sand  betwei'ii.     One  channel  lan  out  under  the  south  shore  and  the  other  under  the  mirth  >iiiiii. 

There  is  now  a  iioweiriil  tii;^  sei\ice  for  the  bar  to  tow  the  hea\il>    laden   bimlier  vcssi  Is  eiii 

or  biiiii;'  them   in  w  hen  li;;hl.     This  I  ni;'  keeps  a  constant  w  aleh  o\  er  the  cliaii;;es  in  the  ileplii  eii 


t  he  liar  a 
Jlol  t. 


mill 


le  direction 


of  the  ch.iniiel.  so  that  there   is  now    nodela\    in  elilerin'' or  le,i\  ilr,' 


Aiiln  til  ydiiiinliiiii. —  I'lieie  al"  no  buoys  to  aid  na'.i};at ion  inside  the  bar,  but  tlie  liii; 
in;:  to  the  null  coiiipan.v  acts  as  jnlot  to  all  incomin;;'  and  ont^oin^'  x'cssels. 


(hilsidi   iliif  liiiiiii.  -I'll 


(/  Si  ciiiiiI  I  Iiiss  ihii 


liiiiiji,  piiintnl  irilli  liliiil,  mill  irliilc  f,.  rpi  ml!  ni ' 


.s/n'y/(x,  and  i- passed  on  eilln  r  hand.      Il  is  |ilaced  in  ten  fathoms  of  w  aler  o\er  sand.\  Iioilon, 

;^eneial  (liiectioii  w est  soiithw e-l  lioin  the  cntiance  to  the  ri\ei'. 

']  iie  loliow  in;,'  lieaiiii;;saiidtii--t.inces  locate  the  buoy  and  its  tela  I  ion  to  the  bar  in  October.  !  ■ 
Tlie  soiithein  end    of  the  iioit'i   .saiid   point   of  entraii'-e  bears  iiorlheasl    oneipiaiier    !!■ 


(Ni:.  ;  N.,,  disl.int 


one  and  se\  en  eighths  mil 


.sonlhwest   point    of  "nX  inchestei    1'>a\ 


liftyli\('de;;i(  es  ea--t  (N.  ."i"i"  I",,  or  "SV],  by  I!.),  distant  one  and  .seven  ei;^  hi  lis  miles,  with  l  he  !,■  ■  •! 
lionses  in  I  lie  nortlieast  pai  I  of  the  bay  open  about  oneeij^litli  of  a  point  ;  the  nearest  point  oi  In' 
beach  at  the  ehaiiec  of  dincl  ion  of  tin;  shore  east  (H.),  distant  one  mile  ;  and  the  south  end  oi  In 
sand  iliiiie  landmark  anion;;  the  trees  south  seveiil.\  I  wo  (le;;rees  (S.  7-'  '  l'..i,  <ii  east  by  soiilli  ill 
south,  distant  one  and  a  halt'  miles. 


1 


r.Vv'll'K;   (OAST    I'lLoT.  4()."> 

I'riiiii  lliis  liimv  tlic  iiicsciit  iioiiit  of  tlic  liifalicrs  strt'tcliiii;;'  down  froni  (lie  iiortli  jioiiit  to  flic 
,li.,iiiu'l,,jii.st  outside  tlu'  bur,  hears  east  l>^\   south  two  Ihiids  soutli  {V).  liy  H.  rj  S.),  distant  half  u 

mill'. 

SAILINO  mKECTIONS. 

I  )\viiif;  to  the  chaMjit'ivhlo  i'haraeter  of  liie  bar  itiid  eiitiaiice  no  minute  directions  can  be  ;;iveii 
l,ii  riilciin}; ;  and  none  aiti  neeih'd  bv  vessels  bein^;  towed  in  and  out.  IJnl  in  ease  Ihe  tn;;shouUl 
III'  iriii|"iraiil.v  disabled  the  followin;;  ;;eneial  directions  inav  l)e  useful  in  enleriu','  the  ii\er  : 

\ttcr  passing  tlu^  (uitside  iuu>.v,  sleer  for  the  opeuin;;'  in  the  line  of  bivakeis  ami  pass  around 
ilir  Miuthei'ti  jHiiut of  Ihe  uoith  breakers;  then  steer  tor  the  rocky  point  on  the  south  side  of 
Wiirlicster  r.a.v,  keepiufi  as  close  to  the  breakers  (ui  the  luirlh  side  of  the  channel  as  the  dr,iu;;lil 
III  the  vessel  will  permit,  and  kecpin;;  the  lead  ^^oiuj;.  Take  care  to  a\()id  Ihe  rock.v  reef  wliicli 
hi'snne  hundred  and  lift. v  yards  from  the  south  shore  at  oneqiiarter  of  a  niih^  befoie  coming;  n[i 
\ii|ii  tlie  first  locky  point  (ui  that  sluuc.  Reed's  Kaiich  houses  in  the  iiorllu'ust  jiart  of  Wiiu'liester 
11, i\  iiM  with  the  extremity  of  this  tirst  rocky  jioint  furnishes  a  fair  ranjje  for  tiiis  part  of  the 
iliiiiiiicl, fiom  the  l)ar  to  the  point  ( l.SS(»).  When  within  one  hundredyardsof  this  ro(tky  point chanj^o 
the  vcvsel's  course  tti  north  half  west  (N.  .\  W.),  whicli  is  towards  the  northern,  saiuly  peiiinsida,  aiul 
mil  I  ^\n  thirds  of  a  mile;  or  until  Iteed's  Ranch  iuiuses  are  Just  shut  in  behind  .t  Jultiii;i'  point  on 
ilii'  iinrlh  side  of  Winchester  Hay.  Now  chan;;e  the  course  to  noilheast  (NIv)  lor  the  eiistcrii.  hij;h 
>lii'M' of  the  river.  Keep  alon;;'  this  shore  at  a  distaru'c  of  about  one  hundred  and  I  \veiity-li\'e 
\,ihl>,  chan;;inn'  the  course  j;radually  to  noith,  and  run  almost  three  miles  until  a  lai;;e  and  con- 
.-.|ii(iii)us  dead  Irei',  slaudiiiK  altout  two  hundred  yards  from  the  shore  on  a  wooded  hill  three 
liiiiKlicd  feet  hi;;h  oil  the  west  side  of  the  river,  bears  northwest  half  nortii  (N\V..l  N.).  The 
rli.iiiiicl  now  crosses  to  the  other  side  of  the  river  on  a  };eiieral  northwest  course  and  shoals  iii  this 
iiMcli  to  leu  feet  at  low  water.  The.  best  direction  for  this  pari  of  the  channel  is  to  run  tbi'  this  dead 
iiiciin  the  above  beariii;;  foraboiit  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile,  when  the  (iardimrsaw  mill  will  open 
uiit  liy  tlu^  lii;;li  point  on  the  east  side  of  the  rixcr.  Now  kccji  alon^  lite  western  and  northern 
^illll(■s  of  the  river  at  a  distance  of  al)oiit  one  (piarter  or  a  mile,  all  around  the  ;;real  liend  of  the 
riMi.  When  about  (Uie  mile  from  the  mill,  where  the  loj;booiiis  are  reached,  keei)  close  to  these 
liiiii'iis  up  to  the  wharf. 

■file  distance  from  the  Outer  I'.uoy  to  the  sawmill  wharf,  by  the  channel  of  the  river,  is  about 
iiiiii'  miles. 

.\  liijhthonsf  was  erected  in  I'^.'iT  at  the  south  side  of  Ihe  entrance  to  the  rniiKiuah  I'iver,  a 
>iiait  distance  away  from  Ihe  bliilf  and  on  the  beach,  wliic  i  was  of  shiftiiij;  sand.  On  the  Sth  of 
l.liiiiar\,  IStll,  durin;;  a  heavy  freshet  in  the  river,  the  base  of  th<' tower  was  mideniiined  and 
till' -iructure  fell.  It  has  not  been  replaced,  and  this  meiilion  is  made  of  the  facts  because  Ihe 
li;;lii  was  contiiiiicd  on  forei^ni  charts  for  many  year.>  after  its  destruction. 

The  pM>;,'raphical  position  of  the  river  is  founded  upon  the  secondaiy  astronomical  station  of 
111!'  I'.  S.  ("oast   Survey  in   1S,">:{,  when  it  was  estalilislicd  on  the  ed^c  of  the  tirst   iliiiiiu  of  pine 
:iM  s  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  one  mile  from  the  north  point  of  the  eiilraiice,  as  follows: 
l.iitiiiid.' 1:1    II'  l.-i  .:!  nnitli. 

1 1,'itiiil.' l-'l     I''.'   ■'■;   .0  west. 

Oi-.iiitiine ■"'    ll'i'"   ;i'.''.'^- 

fill'  ;reo;,Maphieal  position  of  the  southern  e\trcinily  of  the  iiortli  iioint  of  the  enlraiu'C  is: 
l,:iiitiiil<> 1;'.     11    11   .1  luvi-tll. 

I ;;illlilr 1'-' I      I'-!    H    .-JwONt.. 

I'lic  j;eo;irapIiieal  positi(Mi  of  the  smoke-stacdc  of  Ihe  new  mill  at  (.iariliucr  is: 

l.aliliiili' ....      1:!     i:i'  .VJ   .'1  iKiith. 

l.tiiiKi'"'!'' '-•'^  "'    ■'"   ■■"'  "■*•"'• 

Or.  Ill  tlini' «''     It''"'  !i'.l'--l 

This  ]iosilioii  is  especi.dly  useful  for  vessels  bound  for  distant  ports. 

The  magnetic  variation  was  L'(t  MIL"  east  in  .laiinary,  ISS.%  with  an  aiiiiual  increase  of  about 
1  :.. 

7V(/(,v.— The  approximate  Corrected  i'lsiablishincnt,  or  mean  interval  belwecii  the  time  of  the 
1 Mi's truiLsit  and  the  time  of  Iiiiii  water,  is  Xll''  10'".     The  mean  ri.se  and  fall  of  Ihe  tides  is  live 

flTl. 


1      I 


>yi 


^1  if« 

If 


)  I- 


£B;i 

41 


If 

(i 

II 


'  ,( 


»t 


1>. 


HM 


IP 


(f»-.     i 


^^1 


•1(>1  I'Acirii'  ciiAsr  rii.iti'. 

I-\ir  a  close  approxiiiiiitioii  to  tlif  times  and  lieiiilits  ol'  eaeli  liij;li  and  low  water  tlirnii-|i,,iii 
the  year,  ublaln  the  times  and  hei;;hts  tor  the  re(|iiii(>d  d.ile  at  Aslori.i  I'mm  the  tide  lalih's  (rf  ||„. 
r.  S.  ("oast  ami  (leodetie  Siirv4'\ .  and  tin^n  Irom  the  jtixen  time  of  hif^h  water  snhtrael  .;,")  .  ,,|i,i 
tio!ii  the  ;;iven  hei;;lit  su  I  it  rael  one  and  tour  tenths  feet  ;  trom  the  ;^iven  tinu'  of  hiw  water  sni.ii.ni 
."M"',  ami  from  the  };iven  hei;;iit  siihtraet  thu'e  tenths  ot  a  font. 


The  loll. 


iwini:  oea 


rin;:s  and  distances  are  {jiven   from   tin'  month   of  ihe  l'm|ii{nali   I,' 


imjHiitant  ohjeets: 


CaiM'  (!ii':;i>r>   I.i^lil-liuiis 
Sni»la«   liiM  r 


1   i; 


N.  II      \v. 


lliMTia   ll.Mil N    I. 

{.'■.\\»-    l'iT|ii'rrl:l 


Ylli|niri:l  lli';nl   l,l;;lll-liiill»i' 


N.  i;;.    w. 
x.  i;;«    \v. 


(i'lrili 


in    tlu'  eolleetion  distiiet  (if  sontiiem  Oregon,  lint    the 


-.'U  inilr> 

-Ml  lllllr. 

■,'7i  iiiilf 

:il'i  llllll'^ 

.'.'.I  Mlill■^ 


111  of  ellMA    is  at    I". 


I  Ipiil 


Cit\,  in  Koos  Itay.  It  is  a  jilaee  of  alioiii  iwu  hnndreil  inhaliitaiits.  it  is  mi  ihe  nmili  >li..ir  <.| 
ri;;lit  liank  of  the  ii\(-r,  jnst  hevonil  the  ;;reat  bend,  so  that  ii  vessel  passin;;  np  the  river  foiii  .niil 
a  ipiarter  miles  from  the  sontliwcst  point  ol  Wliii  iiestei'  Ita.v  will  see  it  open  past  the  iioiilun, 
most  i.oint  of  the  stailio.inl  shore.      It  is  six  and  tliree-(inarteis  miles  li_v  midriver  eonr.se  I'loin  ili, 

.sonlhwest  jioint  of  Winehesler   llav.      It   lies  on   the   nairow,  hiw  strip  uf  land   under  Ihe  w ini 

rid^e  that  liMches  three  hundred  feel  elevalicm.  Il  has  a  lar;;e  sa\vii;ill,  >il  iialed  at  ihe  l.i:  llni 
end  of  Ihe  town,  whiili  fnini>lies  Iniiilier  <Ml^oes  to  aliont  lillv  ur  sixty  lal;^e  vessels  anii  i:ill\. 
Vessels  lie  at  the  w  hart' in  sixIetMi  leel  (if  walei  al  low  tide. 


Th 


;e(i,i,'i.i|ihii'al  iiositinn  of  the  sawmill  is  : 
l.iiiiiii.l.' i:!    i;: 


l.ipii^itiiili-. 

<  M'.  ill  liiiii' 


i>rll, 


r.'l     mi    nil      wiMt. 
Si'  If,"'  •."-, 


The  rmpi|iiah  Kiver  drains  an  exeeedinu'H  I'eitile  reyfion  ;  part  of  il  is  well  forested  aiii!  1,11; 
abounds  in  brnad  \alle\s  and  rolling  land  well  adapleil  to  aurienlluie  ami  ;:ra/iii;;,  and  nou  mc  h 
pied  by  a  lar^e  |iopnlatiiin.  I  ln'  Oieumi  ami  ('.ililoriiia  K'ailroad  rnii>  parl],\  In  Ihe  valliv  i<\  \\,r 
I'mpqiiah  and   |iartl\  in  the  \al 


i'\  s  lit   lis  ipliniaru': 


The    liver   lileaks   ihnm-h  the  1 


iioilei  ilih 


low  cuast  raii;;e   belnw   Scollsbill ;;.  wIimIi  is  almnt    lifleeli    miles   above   (ianliner.      Siiiilli"-.    I,' 


I  hieli  is  an  alllneiil  ot   llie  I 


inp>{iiali,  eiihrs  il    almnl  Iwn  miles  aiiiive  <  iaidimr.  a 


ml 


I'lHlii--.    l|n;i, 


the  easiiiiiitlu-asi  tliioii;:li  a  narmu  line  of  dr: 


The  Indian  name  of  1  he  ri\  er  below  the  rajnds  is  said  in  be  Kali  law  atsit,  and  tii  il 


le  U|'|M  I 


part  they  apply  the  name  I'mpi  i|iiali. 

On  1  >e  Molra.s'  eliai  I  il  is  called  Kio  de  A;  .iilar  on  11.  I'liip:,!!: 


Tebeiikoll   has  the  entrance  to  the  "  Iinl      a."  and  an  imiian  \  illaL;e  al  the  niuiith,  iii  liiitmli 


|;i    .Mi 


The  ('oast    Sni\e\  scliiMiner    /■"/(•('/(</ amlmreil  oil   ilie    eiitiaiice   in    llliecn  lailmnis  ni 


18.-)II. 


he    liisl    xes^il    \M'   UiHiw  III   enleiiiii;   It    w  a.- 


the    .s.l 


iiic  !cr    Sum, 


It'iiiiilf.,  .\iii:nsl    I. 


alter  com  in;;  on  I  uf  Uk^iic  li'i\  rr.     \\  e  en  I  in  d  the  ii\  er  in  l.s."i,l  and  made  I  lic'  lii  si  ai'ciiiair  ii 
niinaliiin  ol  iis  pdsiiidn. 


Tins  ri\ei    lias  been  supposed  to  be  liial   disi-o\ered  by  01 f  llie  Vessels  of   \ 


l/ralllo  III     '.'■" 


but  he  did  not  reach  this  lalilinle.      Il  h 


•n  leleired    to  as    "Ihe    l;i\  er  of  I  lie  \\i  si. 


ml  I 


ver  Ml  Ills  nan  alive  refers  t  luce  t  lines  in  llie  "Oregon, 


Kiver  of  W  isl. 


The  lirst   preliminai  \  chart  of  llie  bar  and   the  rivi'r  for  live  miles  was  published  li\  Il 


Coast  Siirvev  in  isr.l. 


Tin;    CiiA.'^T   MiI.TIIWAIMi    nl'    Till',    t  Mfcjl!AII. 


>      ( 


(Iriiri-dl  Ih siriiitidii. — W  hell  abreast  llii'  rm|i>iiiali  Iliver  the  \alle\  tliroii":h  which  it  ii 


I 


Ihe  coasi  is  ijiiiir  broUeii   down  ;   the    I'mpipiali  nioiinl.iins  are  close  to  on  the  south,  and 
mass  fiirtlni   lo  llic  noilli.     This  lower  lanize  is  llii'nwn  well  back  and  ln's  between  the  liil  1 
ol   Siiiilirs  liivcr.  comin;;'  from  the  norlheasl    inioiiie   I 'mpipiali.  and  I  he  short  tribni.ii  n  s  >  :  \\j 
.Siiislaw. 

There  are  no  notable  landfalls  upon  the  iniimdiatc  shore  ihciiee  for  some  miles  to   tin  n   ilh 

wai'<l.      I''rom   the  iiioiil  h  of  llie    I'mpipiah   to   I'liint    Adams, al    the   month  ol   the  Coliimbi. 

iiiindred  and   lilutliice  inilcsi,  the  coasi  line  runs  in  a   lemarkaltlv  stiai;;ht  line  north  scm  ntriii 


I'ACIIIC    COASl'    "ll.dT. 


40;" 


,|i  ires  west  (N.  IT'' \V.).  Ndwlii'ic  docs  ji  iciicat  iiiiprc  tli;iiMi\('  iiiilcs  to  tlit>  castwanl.  TIio 
.!,i,|.  |in'sii\cs  ils  ;;cii('iiil  ii|i|)caiiiiirc  til'  a  liPii;^  line  tif  wliiic  saml  (liiiics,  liackfd  h,v  a  licavily 
;,,  I  (I'll  ami  iniiilt'iatclv  low  coiiiitr.v,  ami  liroUcn  \)\  iiKMliialrl.N  lii^^li,  rocky  licails  covcicil  with 
.ii  -■■  Iciicstsol'  piiic,  .s|ii  lice,  ami  ('('(iar.  'I'lioc  capes  in-ojccl  a  \ci\  lilllc  licyoml  llic  };ciicral 
i^lif    liim  «il' tiio  coast,  lull    tlic,\   arc  parliciilai  ly   iioliccaliic  Itccaiisc  tlic  low,  sandy  reaches 

n  iiciioith  and  sonth  of  each,  and  tin-  loucoiinliy  adjacent  ^ivc  them  a  pioniiiu-nci^  otherwi^i: 
II.  ^(1  marked.  Tlo'se  leatnics  clian;;e  to  a  ceilain  dc>;rce  m>i'thwai'd  of  tin*  Vaipiina  Ifixcr  l»y 
:ii  ilccieasin'^  of  the  extent,  and  licj^lil  of  the  sand  dunes  and  the  exlciit  and  hei^dit  of  tin* 
hi.  iiilaiii  masses  which  conn'  to  tlie  linnt  at  ('a]M^  I'diilwealln'r,  Cape  Lonkont,  ( 'ape.  Meares, 
(   lie  ].:i  Mesa,  Cape  I'alcon,  and  Tiilaiiiook  Head. 

I'lic  stielcli  of  coast  hence  to  (lie   Vaipuna   lleail   I.i.^ht  is  lifiyiiine  and  three  ten  I  hs  miles 

I  I  the  hearing;  not  lit  Ihirteen  de;;iccs  west  (N.  l.PW.).  In  no  |ilace  does  the  shoreline  recede 
',1    lie  ca.>l  ward  o\  er  one  mile  and  an  ei;;hlh  from  this  siiaii^lil  line  u  hich  passes  live  ei;,'hths  of  a 

I  r  (iiil^idi  llci'cla  Head;  twotitlhsof  a  nule  onlside  Cape  I'crpdna;  and  (ive-ei^'hths  of  ii 
1,1   .  oalsidc  of  tile  lilnlV  at  Seal  K'ocks  aliove  the  Alsi',\a  llix'cr. 

iijiiM   iiii;  1  Mi'inAii  i;ivi;i!   in  iii'.cr.rA  iiv.ap. 


iil 


f 


The  coast-line  is  sliaii^ht,  noiih  Ihirteen  demecs  west  (N.  I.".'  W.).  for  twenty  seven  ami  one- 

!  !i  miles  I'll  nil  I  lie  noi  111  point  of  I  he  I  'iiipi|Mali  i;i\  cr  I'nlrance  to  I  leccla  Head  ;  for  two  or  three 

I  s  the  lii;;h  sand  dunes,  formiiii:  llic  imilii  poiiil  of  iiie   i'nipipiah,  slietch  a  mile  inshore,  ami 

;  .  II  lojlows  a  stlcecssion  of  lii;;li  sand  i  iducs  deii>;ely  covered  willi  forest  which  comes  down  close 

..  I  he  shore  for  several  miles. 

At  si\  miles  northward  fiom  the  north  poiiil  of  llie  I  iii|iipiah  River  entrance  Ihcie  was  seen 
-  late  as  ISS,">  part  4)f  the  niacliiiieiy  of  the  iron  steamship   Tunimn  lyinj;  half  a  mile  olV  shore. 
:-|:i'  was  lost  here  in    l''eliriiaiy,  ISS.i, 

At  SIX  and  three  ipiarters  miles  from  the  I'mpipiah  this  uniform  stretch  of  shore  is  broken  liy 

]:■.■  moiilli  of  the  Tdlihdiitrli  ('rich:  which  discharges  the  waters  of  a  laf'j'e  hi};oon  .situated  several 

Irs  inland  bcliiml  the  immediate  coast   ridtres.     Inside  Hie  enlrance  of  this  creek,  the  stream 

\'.:'[<  northward  parallel  with  the  coast  for  one  and  a  ipia 


iter  miles  and  onlv  twolinndred  and  tifty 


\  mis  inside  the  ocean  lieacli. 

Tiilihciiitih  l.iil.r  lies  in  the  hills  one  mile  hack  fiom  Hie  shore.  The  sand  dunes  are  hereeom- 
iiiiitively  low  and  less  than  a  mile  wide. 

.\t  eleven  and  three  liftiis  miles  from  the  rmp<|iiali  Kixcr  I  wo  la;;o()ns,  the  Tsiltkoos  Lake, 
.  Iiich  IS  ipiite  lar;;e,  on  the  sontli.  and  the  Woahink  Lake  from  the  north,  discharge  by  the  Tsilt- 
kiios  Itiver. 

Wixiliiiil:   Lnhr,  one  mile  nmth  of  Ten  mile  ( 'reek,  empties  by  a  small  stream  into  the  Tsiltkoos 


t'lcck,  one  ipiarter  of  a  mile  from  that  lal 

These  lakes  indicate  a  <;reat  wa\e  < 
I'l  hind  them. 


and  alon;;  ', li  '  coast  and  parallel  thereto  with  the  lakes 


The  month  of  the  Tsiltkoos  liiver  is  in  latitude  i;!    .V_"  •_'!"  muth 


.Mon^i  this  jiarl  of  the  coast   the  >.|ion 
il  dunes  low  wooded  rid^jes  risin-  to  ili 


•  is  a  low,  sandy  beach  with  sand  dunes,  and  hehiiid  the 
lee   hiimlred   and  fi\e  liiindicd  and  lorty  feet  within  a 


lile  and  a  half.     Ilehind  the  la),'ooiis,  w 


liicli  are  one  and  a  half  miles  inkind,  tlicri;  are 


wooded  liil 


A  short  dislaiice  north  of  the   I'lnpipiali    Kivcr,  TebeiikolV  lays  down  a  small  cove  which  he 
probably  the  opeiiiii-  of  the  Tsiltkoos  Kivcr.     <»n  a  late  State  map  this 


,ills  Sismaii  Ihiy,  \ei\ 

.liter  river  is  called  the  (hillcoose, 


THK  siusi.AW  rivi:k. 


the  month  of  the  Sinslaw  TJivei 


At  twenty  miles  north  by  west  fiom  the  rmpqiiah  l.iver  is 
fliis  is  a  moderalely  larue  stream  comiii-  from  the  .soiiiheasi  ward  iimlei  the  Hank  of  the  Calapooya 
Mountains.  There  is  a  clean  saml  beach  all  the  way  from  the  rmpqiiah  IJivcr  to  the  Sinslaw 
Kivcr  ami  as  far  as  Ilccela  Head.     Norili  of  the  Tsiltkoos  llivcr,  the  .sand  dunes  reach  over  one 


inland,  and  then  conmienee  the  pin. 


le  woods  oil  low  III 


Mountains  aiiiiroaches  tl 


<t    between   the  T>ibl 


i-neral  direction  west  soiiMiwest.     In  lalitinle    l'>     .'iT'   r 

iside  the  coast  line,  the  ran;,'e  is  twelve  hiliidicd  a'lil  ei;;lity  feet  hi>;h. 


lis.     The  wcslern  part  of  the  Calapooya 
iJiveraiid  the  Sinslaw  Uiver,  and  has  a 
orlli  iiml  live  and  thrceqiiarters  miles 


i 


■*r- 


m 


M 


t  fi 


il  fM 


IH 


It 


!r)>, 


I' 


!  rfl 


i  I 


!^ 


«    il 


•l(i(>  rAcii'U'  (iiAsr  ni.oT. 

I'or  two  miles  soiitli  (»r  tlir  iiiiiiilli  III'  till'  Siiisliiw  K'lvcr  llicic  is  a  ]n'iiiiisiilii  liiilf  a  iiiiK  m.I, 
scparallii;!  tlic  Siiislaw  I'liim  tlu'  ocimii.  It  is  a  wasic  oi'  lia  n-  siiini  tliiiics  tii  iiiiiialiii;;  in  a  n  ,|, 
|iiiiiil  I'liniiiii;;  llic  .sniitii  .^iilc  <il'  tlic  riitranci'  Id  tiir  riMT,  Ami  this  |iiiiiit  is  |ii'(iliiii^t'il  ( iss:',\  iir.uU 
svvi'ii  t'luliliis  til'  a  iiiili'iiv  a  liruaii  saiiils|iit,  iiaic  at  low  walor.  so  that  tin'  stitMiii  passes  iii,(|,| 
till'  lillltls  ami  Wdoilcd  >1m|)cs  wliii ii  arc  \  isiliic  n\rr  lliis  iioiiit  ami  spit,  .lust  (ivci  the  .simiiIi  |  ,.,i,: 
on  till'  ri;;lil  li.iiiU  ol'  llif  livci'  tlicrc  liscs  a  saiall  li  11  lock,  one  liiimiictl  ami  loitv  feet  liit^li,  cia,  i.,| 
with  I'ciii  ami  a  lew  piiii'  tiees. 

Tills  iioiili  ,«,lioie  1  iiMs  ncail.N  iiorili  iioilliwot  tor  two  miles  outside  iliis  liillocK  witli  i'liiii« 
tliat  I'cacli  one  linmlreil  ami  two  feet  elevation  ami  decrease  to  el  ill's  of  lilt  y  or  six!  \  I'eei.  jirlniiil 
llioe  eliil>  tlic  tlec  ciiscied  mesa  is  ciirioli>l\  cut  h\  ;;iillics  lyiii;;  in  the  dilt'Ction  of  I  lie  pi'('\  .iiIihl 
suillliiei'  \v 


imls 
In  Is"  til 


tcaimr   Ihii,,(iii  entered   this  ri\cr  and  repoited  tw  o  I'allioiiis  ol 


e  c(ia>liii,u  s 

oil  the  liar  al  low  watci  ;  the  liar  \v,is  half  a  mile  across  ami  nsnallv  Inoke  lieavil.x.  Thci.  .; 
t  wo  eliaiimls  early  that  winter  ;  the  miitli  clianiiel  was  the  |iei'm  aiieiit  one,  and  the  soiii  li  eh  '  i 
lills  ii]i.  The  (III  r, 'lit  was  very  slioiii,'  over  the  bar  ami  In.-ide  at  the  aiichoiaj;e,  Ui'poi  t>  .1  !|i 
veiy  iiiiicli  a>  to  the  pii^>iliiliiy  of  ii,i\  iual i ii;;   the  ujiper  ii.irl  of  the  riser. 

It  wasijr^i  reconiioitcnd  liy  the  Coast  and  rieodetic  Siii\e.\  in  iss.i  when  the  bar  was  iniin, 
to  lie  li.icl  and  li.id  onlv  ti\c  feet  <if  water  upon  it.     The  li  ir  was  ncai  \\  a  tpiarter  of  a  mile  ;ii  ni- 


iiid  the  channel  nan 


It  c<Mi1d  lie  crii>>ed  <inlv  on  the  llood-tidi*  near  lii;:li  water.     I'mm  tli 


the  while  lieacons  on  the  nullh  shore  just  under  the  one  I  ill  lid  reil  loot  liliilV  (w  liicli  is  three  ipi. 
of  a  mile  inside  the  north  point )  lioie  west  by  north  one  i|iiartcr  iioiih  distant  three  c|iiartci  • 
mile,  and  the  hillock  inside  the  soiiih  |ioiiit  bore  wfst  by  suiuli  distant  one  ami  a  half  iiiilo. 
I'.iit  ill  IsST  this  bar  was  foiiml  not  oiil,\'  to  have  ehaii;red  its  location,  but  from  the  mn  i 
nio>t  point  ol  the  clilts  a  ^leat  s.iiid  llat  had  made  out  fully  three  limit hs  of  a  mile  to  the  ^ 
and  chaiiued  the  whole  location  of  the  bar.      It   is  therefore  exident  that  iiiily  a  local  know 

he  bar  and  chaiiiiel  at   any  time.     A  steam  sell 
oiii  the  ( 'oliimbia  in  1  ssT. 


w  ill  >ei  \  t>  to  detciniine  the   pccll 


li.irili 


ot'si\t\  or.-e\ciit\  tons  w  as  iiiiiniii^  Inn    ii 

It  is  repoited  that   the  b.ir  woriis  around  lioin   the  sontli   to  the  north  as  t'ar  as  possilih 


then  aiiaiii  lircaks  oiii  near  I  he  south  spit.     \\  hen  it   is  settled  towards  the  north  it 
carr.\  nine  Icet  ot'  water;  Iml  that  it   h.is  less  diiriii;;  the  clian;;e. 


s  elaiiiii  ■! 


There  is  a  isinil.in  lock  near  the  beach  about  hall'  a  mile  to  the  southward  of  the  south  ; 
The  ;:eo;rraphical   position  of  llii'  eiitraiiee   to  the  river  has  been  closely  dcterinined 


>\  '\.i 


v.  S.  Ciia>t  and  (li  nilelic  Si 


lolli 


l.:it:luclr 

I.iiiiiiitiiil.' I'JI     iiT 


it     nil'    III     Mi>rlli 


\\  est. 


The  Niiiih  I'oint  Hill  is  in  latitmle    It    iH''  oil'  . 

In  .Ian nary,  ISST.  the  magnetic  vai  iai  mn  w  a>  1.'<I      itl'  east,  and  the  yearly  increase  two  iniiiiiio. 

'I'iilci. — The  Corrected  llstablishiiieiil,  or  mean  iiiter\al  between  the  moon's  transit  and  the 
time  of  hij;li  waiei,  i-.  .\  1 1  (i.l  .  Imt  this  time  may  be  lifts  minutes  ;;reater  or  less,  on  aciiniii!  ci 
the  dccliiiatiiui  ot'  the  iihMiii.  The  approximate  times  of  tlii'  lii;:h  waters  are  half  an  lioiii  c.iiliii 
than  a  I  A  >l  HI  1  a.  ,111(1  of  low  w  itei>  one  hour  earlier.  I'iiid  fidin  the  I'aeiticTide  Tables  the  niiiiin  il 
tide  .It  Aston, 1  tor  the  reipiiicd  day  of  the  year,  and  apply  the  abosc  eoireelioiis. 

The  mean  ri>e  of  the  ;;rcater  liiuh  waters  aliove  the  plane  of  reference  is  .six  and  four  tciiiii^ 
feet,  and  of  the  Mii.iUcr  lii;^li  waters  li\c  and   two  tenths  feet. 

The  riser  canies  a  depth  III  ten  feet  for  twenty  miles  to  the  head  nf  tidesvater.  TIicwmIiIi 
decreases  fiiiiii  lise  Iiundied  sards  near  the  nioiith  to  thirtylisi'  yards  at  the  head  of  iias  i-atinii. 
The  shores  are  lined  wiih  pine  and  lii,  but  forot  tires  liase  ssvept  throu^rh  this  re;;ioii  and  li  i" 
destroyed  lai;:c  .ireas  of  llnely  svooded  country  ;  a  second  j;'rosvtli  is  s]iriiij,'iiij:  iiji.  Iiitlieii..i 
bottom  are  some  tine  pieces  of  open  land. 

l'"roni  the  Iliad  of  ii.is  i:;al  mn  a  road  has  been  C(iin|iletetl  to  l';u;,'ene  (Mty  in  the  WillaiiK  He 
Valley.     There  is  a  M-mi  weekly  sta;;e  and  mail. 

.\t  four  miles  above  the  mouth  the  riser  receives  tsvo  Iribiitaries;  the  one  from  the  soiillic.i-' 
drains  a  lake  «  Inch  o\  eila|is  part  of  the  Wdahiiik  Lake  svliich  empties  throuj;li  the  Tsiltkoos  Kisei. 

The  town  of  I'loreiice  is  >ituate(l  on  the  ri;;lit  bank  of  the  river  about  three  miles  abuse  liic 
iMitiance.  Tlieie  is  a  lar,:,'e  salmon  eanncrs  here  ;  a  second  on  the  left  bank  of  the  riser  one  inlc 
lii^'her  up;  and  aliijiit  three  miles  up  on  the  ri;;lit  bank  there  i.s  auuther  c;iiiiifry  ami  also  a  siiinll 
Bteaiu  Kaw-mill, 


I'ACIH'IC    COAST    I'll.ol. 


407 


il  I 


Hiiiii/. — III  Si'|»tlMiil)or,  1HST,  ;i  sifoiid  rliif<s  iiKit  hiiitij  with  liliir};  ninl  irlillr  luriumliruhtr  utripiH 

I rcil  ill  Iiilii-  iiinl  il  liiiir  t';itlM)iiis  III'  WMlrr.      Il  lies  \m>I  xnilliw  c.si  (  WSW.)  Iruiii  tlic  iiuiiltll 

(•Ii.iniii'l  (if  ,Iiiii.',  is>7,  mill  is  |ii(ili;ili|y  tui»  iiiilcs  rniiii  ihc  ikhiIi  nIhuc.     Nciiily  lialfji  iiiilo 
iiilicMsl  (SSI',,)  riciiii  till-  oiitir  liilliM  k  (III  ilic  ijiii'ili  hliiii'i'  (lii'ii-  is  il  siiiiill  yiill.v   hiciikiiit; 


i-ll  till-  |i;ilti/,ll>   liMic  r.iri'il  I'lill  ;   iinij    till    tlii'   Wrst 


III'  tills  piilly.  mill  <i\i'rliiiii;;iiij;  llio 


ill.  i-i  il  Sliiiill  llli|i:liliti'il  .sji.iiily.      'J'lic  limiy  lii'S  wi'st  sunt  liwol  (W'SW  .)  I'lniii  lliis  .sh.illty. 
siiiiKit  Miiiiiitiiiii  lies  just  till  miles  suiiili  fi^ilily  I\m»  <lrj;ircs  c.isi  (S.  SJ    {•;.)  t'miii  tlio  north 


111'  till' I'litlMlirr  In  tlic  Sillsliiw    |{i\iT.      1 1  is  I  wk   I  liiillsiiinl    reel    lii 


Mill    tllirklv    Wdodfil ; 


II  it  iiiiil  till'  rii;ist  the  wdoik'il  riil;,;cs  iiiiil  liills  iiic  I'liiiu  twc'lvu  humliiil  and  i'ij;hly  to  live 


il  I'lt'l  iilii'M'  the  MM, 


IIICCKTA   HKAI). 


Villi liwmil  riiiiii  till'  Siiishiw  l;i\rr  llif  low  .shnri-  iii;iikril  tiv  saiiil  iliines  liiickcd  liv  forests  c 


nu- 


ll I  h  ^  I'm  live  liiiles  til  Hie  soul  iierii  |i;ill  uf  llieelii  lie, id.      I'll  Mil  liie  riii|i(|ii:ili  eiitlilliei'  In  this  hl'iui, 

I  '1.-1. e  of  tuiMil.N  ei;;lil  iniies,  tile  .slielili  of  NJiore  line  i^iihiiosl  slr;ii;;lit.  svv  ili;,'ili--  in  il  imi;.',  Hilt 

Il I,\  hilir  il  mile  III  the  eiistw  Mill.     The  liem  In;;  of  tlie  liiMil  fioin  the  in  ill  h  jioliit  of  th(^   I'liip- 

.|ii,ili  l.'lver  eiitiMiiee  is  iiiiilh  tliiileeii  (le;;rees  west  (N.  1  '•     \\  ,)  miil  the  ilistmiee  is  twelity-suveil 

i:  .1  line  liflli  miles,      .\liiiiit  three  miles  inirlhwiiril   Irmn  the  |iieMMil  lioilli  jioint  of  the  Silislinv,  a 

ill  .slre:ini  IimmIIv  kiinwii  lis  .Sntlnii  Ciiek  eiiieis  I  he  Mil.     It  iIimIiis  two  hikes  iilioiit  two  miles 

I  !  imI.     .V  seem  II I  small  slieiim  e.illeil  I'.ei  r\   ('nek  Is  one  iiiiil  three  tilths  miles  iioi  Ihwiinl  of  Silt- 

:<  I'leek  llliil  il  ilialns  il  .smjil  I. ike  h.ilf  n  mile  liiiek,      r>eliiiiil    Ihriy   Creek  is   the   western  spur 

I      i  w  .11 II  lei  1  iiil;:e  lomiiii;'  n|iiiii  the  eiiiist  I  rum  the  east  wiliil  ami   leilninaliiiLr  ill  Cajie   I  leeelii ;  it 

!  'ally  Known  lis  ('iijic  Mninitiiiii. 

I'lie  seawanl  f.ne  of  Hereto  lleail  is  iiliiinl  two  anil  ii  half  miles  in  exteiil.  ami,  iillhoii};h  it 
..  nis  lint  sli;;llll.\  onlsiile  the  ;;eiii  r,il  line  of  Hie  neiilly  straiyhl  eoasl.  yet  il  is  ijiille  lioliceilhle, 
.  !■■  I  i.ill.V  when  a  vessel  is  close  llinler  the  shore.  It  is  the  liist  lireak  ill  the  Ion;;'  extent  of  low 
-ii:  I  chine  slimes  li.nkeil  liy  low  forest  eoveieil  hills  heme  froiii  the  vicinity  of  the  rm|ii|iiah, 
> ;  e  mirlhwanl  Irmn  il  I  he  shore  is  nioilerately  lii;;h  lint  Inokeii  li\  sanily  ]iiitcliesof  slopiiin-  hliilVs. 
i  ill' Mimniit  of  the  Inail  Is  I  he  miihlle  piiit,  where  it  reaches  one  llimisaml  feet  elcMilioii  within 
1,  i;l'  a  mile  of  the  siii.  This  sum  in  it  ami  the  ulmle  siMWiird  face  :iie  cnxfleil  with  j;riiss  iiliil  ^jfeen 
''iliii;:e,  Willi  a  few  pines,  lint  thence  Inhinil  the  I, mil  rises  to  one  Ihmisaml  lour  hiimlieil  iiml 
I  1  i\  feet  in  t\Mi  iiiiil  thicc  tmir'lis  miles  to  the  smil'  east  hy  east,  ami  tin   pine  fiiresls  have  lieeii 


II.     Tl 


iee\tienie  Western    iimiil    is  one   mile   limihwi 


>l  of  this  lu^lier  pari,  ami  iiidjects  lint 
tiily  oiitsiile  of  it.  It  has  nearly  hiilf  a  mile  fioiitajic,  ami  is  a  rmi;;li,  rocky  clilV  risiii;^-  to  li\i' 
ilicil  feet  w  itiilii  one  eiuht  h  of  il  mile.  At  two  miles  noitlieast  iVmii  the  licail  the  hills  reach  one 
iisailtl  two  linmlieil  feel  111  ele\  ,itiiiii,  I'ive  miles  liioiiil  ill  from  1  leeelii  Ileilil,  iliiil  one  mile  less 
iiitiiile,  the  hills  rcich  |\ui  ilimisaiiil  I hiimlreil  feet  in  clevallmi  ami  are  covered  with  forest. 

TvmisiimII  ciiM  iiles  me  seni  niiir  the  smilhein  pail  within  the  Hist  liiilfiiiile,  iiiid  il  small 
I,  lies  close  miller  Hie  cliil'  jii>l  iim  lli  of  the  son  I  hern  casciiile.  I'mler  the  smithern  side  of  the 
idcst  jiart  of  Hie  head  there  Is  il  siiiiill  cove  with  a  siiiid,\'  lieacli.  rmler  the  weslernmost  point 
!■•  is  a  seciind  and  deeper  cdxewilh  a  s;iiiil\  luMrli.  Ihiniiuh  whirli  a  small  slrciim,  known  as 
"  r/M/,,  liiciiks.  Tlieie  is  a  house  on  the  iiorlli  side  of  this  si  leiim,  and  two  rucks  under  the 
iiin  point  iif  the  iioiHi  clills  make  a  ^^mid  piiilectlmi.  I  minediatclv  iinrlli  of  this  pari  of  the 
d  the  I'niests  ap|iriiiicli  the  line  of  lnu.  Ii'.iikeii,  .■,.inil,s  clin>;   the  liiml  contlliiles  to  rise  to  alioiit 

t  liiiiisiiiid  feet  eleviitioii  in  a  mile  or  a  mile  iii.d  a  half. 

The  e\lreiiie  wesiern  and  iiortheiii  p;iit  of  the  head  is  niiii  ked  liy  a  \er,\  ie;:ular  co/i/cd/  ntvl, 


hiindri  d  iiiid  ci^hly  \\-r\  \\'\)i\\. 


Il 


up  and  lilack,  and  is  distinctly  made  oiil  when  a  ves 


-Irmn  the  smith  Wiird   or   iiml  hw  iird.     The  lieacli   liehind  this  rock  has  no  (roes, 


IS  appiciiicliiii 

I ,  cii\  eird  w  il  II  ;;!  .iss  iiml  fern. 

Cii.i's  h'och  is  one   hiimlied    feet    lii;;h,  cmilciil,  wil  h   top 
iilii'i  iiimist  slio 


iliile   fnnii    •;iiiiiio;  it  is  close  to  the 
re  III   Hie  hciid  at   one  and   two  thirds  miles   fnnii   the  weslernmost   projection  of 


hriid.  so  thill    it    is  iiiit   iiiiide  oiil   liy  xcsscls  appi  Oiichill;:  the  ciipe. 
There   are    two   sniikeii    rocks,  lespecl  i\  el\  omqiimtir   and   one 

mI  of  Cox's  Ivoek.      I'.xcept  these  there  are  no  know  ii  hidden  dan.^eis  olV  this  heai 
The  rocky  cliUs  of  llecila   Head  are  frmii 

ilical:   hehilid  thein  rise  lii^li  ridues  loiinerly  co\eiei 


hiilf  mile  to  tht>   soiitliciist- 


hnndicil  to  I  w  o  linndred  feet   hi^^h  and   iieiirly 
1  lis  dense  forests  that  have  lieeii  swept  by 


low  OlllV   llcilll.   iiV 


ly  tniiiks  are  sliimliii^'  thronuh  and  aliove  a  .second  t;rowth. 


iiml  I 

The  live  hiimlred  feet  hill  is  clear  of  trees,  liiil   covered  with  ;;iass  and  fern. 


i« 


I 


\ 


•los 


rAClKIC    COAST    ril.OT. 


Tliis  luMilIaiiil  is  cut  1)y  two  (Iccp  iiiviiics  wtiicli  ii|i<'ii  at  rijilit  an^flcK  to  tin  wlioro. 
Till'  ;;i'i>;^ra|iliiral  iiiisitioii  of  till'  wi-sti'i'iiiiiiist  |ia>l  •>!'  till-  lii'ad  is,  aiiproxiiiialfly : 

I. ;i  tit  mil' .||     (W  -J.- i(li. 


I 


;iliiili> |-.'»     (Nl'   111     rt.Nt. 


Tlir  iiia;;tu'tir  varliitioii  of  tin-  f(Mii|iii.s8  was  litC  US'  oiwt  in  .lainiaiy,  IS.>V»,  ami  iiini': 


^c"«  L".ll 


niiiiiiall.v. 

I'liiiii  till'  lirail  \vi'  tiavi>  till'  tiillowiti;;  licariiif^s  ami  tlistaiicos  to  )ii'oiiiim'iil  itlijiTts: 

Capr  Orlnril  I.i;;litliiMiHi' S.  7  1'..  "IJiiiili"« 

('a|ir  (iii'yiiiv  l.Jnlil-liiiiiw S.  h  K.  i>\    mill"*. 

Till' liar  of  tln' '.'iniiMuuli  Uivcr  rtilriiiu't' S.  1:1  K.  r,".»    miles. 

Yaiiiiiiiik  lli'ails  l.it!lit-liiiiisi> N.  1^  W.  i'.n    mill"". 

Ti>  llu'  wi'stwaiil  of  tills  i'a|K'  lies  tlic  Hrri'la  Itaiik,  ami  it  would  appear  t'roiii  a  siii;;li'  lincni 
Notiuiliii.cs  run  tlirirlioiii  that  tlic  hank  ri'arlirs  clusi'  in  to  tlii'  lii'ail,  nit'  wliicli,  at  a  illstaiirr  of 
two  mill's,  a  tlrplli  of  Iwi'iit.v  fathoms  is  laid  down. 

ili'ci'ta  ll.'.id  was  iiamrd  Ity  tlif  r.  8.  Coast  Survi'v  iti  isd'j  to  coiiimt'morati'  thr  ilisci'Mins 
of  Don  lliii'iii  di'  llri'i'ia. 

Ilectlti  />'((»/..— Si\t>thii't'  miles  northwest  Uy  north  (NW.  hy  N.)  from  Cape  Orfonl  I-i;;lii  lirs 
tlie  MiiitlH'i'ii  paitof  this  liaiik  so  far  as  it  lias  lieeii  examined.  From  that  ]iositloii,  wlnn' the 
ilrptli  isM\ty  fal  lioiiis  o\  ei' a  licillniii  of  liliie  mud,  the  bank  stretelies  north  iiortliwesl  waid.  '  iliI- 
lei  u  illi  till'  roast,  lor  thirty  niili's  to  a  depth  of  i'i;;litytlii'ee  fathoms  over  j;ray  saml,  at  a  ili-i,iiin' 
ol'  tliiityllM'  miles  t'rom  the  shore.  The  ]iio1ialile  lireadlli  of  this  liaiik  is  a  little  oxer  iiiin'ii 
mill's  within  the  sixty  orseM'iily  t'athom  limits.  The  least  walir  found  on  the  haul;  is  foitv  iliiir 
I. It  hums,  and  the  bottom  varie''t  throti^'h  Mm;  inml,  eoral,  roeky,  ^'ray  sand,  and  pilililes.  Iii'.!<|i' 
of  this  bank  tlie  depth  »<li;.ditly  increases,  but  there  an;  indications  of  a  deep  snlunarini'  v.illrv 
comiiij.'  inside  of  its  soiithcrii  extremity.  Two  olVshore  lines  »)f  souiidin;,'s,  one  to  tlic  nnrtlivvnui 
(latitude  t  P  ."lit')  of  liie  bank  and  one  to  the  southward  (l.ilitiide  l.'P  L'(i'),  exhibit  deptlis  I'l'  liv.' 
iinuilnd  and  ci;:lit   liiindrid  lathonisal  the  same  distances  IVoiu   shore  wheie    we  tiiid  si'Veiii  v  'iim- 


id  foriyllini'  l.ilhoms  on  llie  b.iiik.     There  is  one  place   wlicie  the  bank    would  ap| 


tear  to   ii;ii! 


IMvt 


in'o  till'  sliorc.     A  mii;.'Ii'  line  of  soiindln;^s  runs  from  the  bank  to   llcccta  Head  on  a  liciieral 
b.\  iioitli  ci'Uisc,  and   1  lie  ;.;ri'.i!i'st    depth  exhibited  on   thisline   issiMy   fathoms  se\enleeii   iiiilr 
froiii  tile  I  lead ;  lliiii'  1^  a  ili'|itli  of  twenty  fathoms  a  I  two  miles  from  the  head. 

When  Don  Hiiiiio  ilc  llici'la  was  u|ton   this  coast  in    Au;;'ust.  I77."».  in  the  fri;;ale  Stn(ti,i,h..  \, 
savs  that  in  this  \  iciiiil\ 


liM  imliriMl   a   Ii'iiiaikalili'   ililliTiiirr   iii  llii'    wi 
iililaiiii'il  Imttoin  at  ii;;lit\ -liuir  I'allmiii",  wliiii 


iiiiiliiiy..   I 


trcaiist'    af    u 


ilistn 


111"   Hcvi'H   li'iii;;U's  iVum  f lie  slinii' li.- 
Ill  at  tliiiKH  Mil  linttoiii.     Tli:^  !<''  Imim  Im 


lii'lii'vo  lliat  on  tliiHi'iiaxt  tli 


I'll'  I'M:.!  HaiKl  liauks.  w 


I  iirarin^  tlif(i»aHt  tu*  ihuik 

liuli  ail'  lliori'iivrr  lli'lmti'il  liv  llir  mlcir  of  tlln 


wan 


Tilt"  bank  was  jiartially  Mninded  out  in  IS").l,  and  was  named  by  the  V.  8.  Coast  Survey  in  !■ 
('(ipr  Clin  —  Hiiilii  llniil. — Tliis  is  a  small  cove  under  the  southern   side  id'  the  north  pHiii 


lli'ci'ta  llr.id.     Tl 
to  a  height  111  one  hi 


nil   point  has  a  froiita;;c  of  nearly  half  a  milt;   with  a  pyramid  roilv  n^.iu 
liiclicd  and    ei;;lit.v    feet,  wliile  the  point  itself  is  three  hundred   feel  liit;li  iiinl 


at  only  one  liiindrcd  yards  back.     This  p_\  I'.imid   rock   is  seen  only    when  a   vessel  is  close  iii-liH|v 
because  its  base  is  part  of  the  clltf. 

Till' cove  ist'oinii-d  by  asli;;ht  recc'  in;;  and  breakinjrdown  of  theclitVs,  and  is  two  liiindi''i  ;in>l 
sixty  yards  from  the  points  of  iMiliancc  to  the  bro.nl.  sandy  beach  forming;  the  head  of  llie  iim-. 
'Ihe  southwi  sti'i  n  point  of  the  enti.inc  is  foiinid  by  two  rocks  wliicli  are  respectively  iiiiier  ini 
one  hundied  feet  Iii;:li ;  the  eastern  point  is  a  slight  projection  of  the  main  clilV  at  the  soiiiIrA  inl 
UetvM'iii  this  point  and  the  soiithwestei  n  lock  the  distance  istwo  jiiindredand  sixty  yards.  Ii'i:; 
shore  this  cove  looks  as  if  there  were  ;;ood  anchoia;;e  for  a  small  vessel. 

Jl'rtlii  Jliinl,  Siirlliiniril. — Fioin  the  ed;,'e  of  the  dirt"  at  Ileceta  Head.  Just  behind  Ciiiin-.il 
Hock,  at  an  elevalinn  of  thiee  hiimlred  feet,  a  line  passes  t a iiiicnt  to  Capo  I'erpetua  at  lliedi-'  imi- 
of  nine  miles,  and  sees  the  extieinily  of  Cape  Fonlwcatlier  at  about  the  same  elevation  lii.iiiii;: 
north  sevi'iileeii  di'y:iei's  West  (N.  17  '-'  W .)  at  lliirtyeij;lit  miles.  This  line  passes  inside  the  hu'i^ 
moot 
at  twi'iitv  line  and  ,i  half  niilis;   ii 


I'd  oil'  till' Alseya   Ui\er  at    sixteen  and  three  niiarters  miles :  iialf  a  unit;  outside  Seall^'nit 


isiile  the  w  liisilin 


buoy  ofV  Ya<|uina  Itay  at  twciitysevi 


a  half  miles;  and  almost  tan^ceiit  to  the  Yaipiina  I!«'ad  Li;;lit  house  at  tliirtytwo  and  one  ixili 
miles.  This  lonjf  stretch  of  shore  line  is  so  nearly  strai;;lit  that  at  Alseya  Uiver  the  c.i  nrii 
recession  is  only  three  ipuirters  ot  a  mile,  and  at  the  nioiith  «f  the  Yaijiiina  not  ipiite  one  inile. 


iL 


lUtLiliiliiuiLli 


¥mk 


W2 


n-mviB' 


M 


iiiii'  III 


|ci\  I'l'll'S 


Jit  \i< 


l-l.llirc 

llllCI'll 

\    lllln. 


V;lll,.v 


i  .-I   liw 
ll\   nlir 


■a;  IMvI 


ip^&j 


S«a 


•- 


I'lV    li. 


Illllll  III 

.  ll'-IIlL 


IW.lll 


iilllr.ll 
>t:ilirr 


:'ll  ;lliil 
ii-^lrril 


m 


-'i{ill"ilIvM'....^iiuJ^iiiiiiilWi;iij^     :.^,.__M 


:!^s^ia^5i^^fe^2aM^^S 


Sanil  dnni'B 


■Slrcnni  from  THilkoos  Lake,  E.  i  N.,  ISmileH. 


>-•* 


g^^^B^iBi'i  ^ 


Cllpr  I'lTlnllia    N,  liv  \V,  i  \V'.,H  iiuloH. 


Capi'  firpgory,  8E.  by  S., 22  miles. 


i  Lake,  E.  i  N.,  13  iiiileH.  Line  of  haikI  lUiiieH,  uiidrr  higb  ground. 


^^'  5r:<v!>-\:t^-^'^*  ^^' 


fi 


{?• 


lf)S 


Ift- 


B|f^ 

'hi 

1' 

i|i 

1 

B-  jf 

!• 

Bl''  j 

'•   r' 

P-^* 

1     :';, 

wf'  1 

'if 

r 


^* 


i*jft'* 


^"f*: 


11 


I' 


I: 


ri'. 


'I 


I  H 


i} 


Ml 


Nine  II 


IK 


lit  iili 


§ 


l( 


^i; 


i 


iri' 


rfv^, 


W 


»f"' 


•ta-'Mt^Mr.:. 


'll 


I 


I'ACII'If;    COAST    I'll.OT. 


409 


CAPR  PERPKTUA. 

Nine  miles  iioitliwt'slUMitl  rioni  llir  wisti'iiiiiinsl  |i;iil  of  IIcitIm  IIcmiI  is  siliiali'd  llii' wi'sicrii- 

II   .-I  and  lii^ilii'st  iinint  orCapc   I'n  prl  na.     'I'lic  ucsir in.-i   and  ijiiddlr  pail   uT  iliis  <'apc  lies 

i      ill  llrrlct'ii  and  i Iiall' di'-ii  rs  uc-i  (N.   I.'.A     W.i.  lliiil\si\  and  inic  rcniilli  riiilrs  rrinii  llio 

,  :'li  ;;,.iiit   of  llic  riiipipiali    li'ivcr.     'I'liis  line  clcais  llfccia  Head  lis  unly  iinc-liiiirlii  (if  a  mile. 

;    I  >Imiic  liiK  liilwrcii  lifi'cta  Mead  and  I  li  is  rape  lias  a  ;;i'iifral  iIiicmiIom  inn  III  hy  wcsi  mif  (piartcr 

M  (N.  liv  \N'.  1  \\.).     It  coiisisi^i.  near  the  lurincr,  nf  sldpinj;,  .saiid,\  dills,  lorty  to  uiii'  liimdriMl 

:..ilii;;li.  lididcicil  li>  a  Innail,  low  water  luarli  and  liarUeil  li,\  a  iiarmu  >i  lip  of  elear  land  iiinl 

.  II  liy  dense  lir    forests.     Alon;;  tliis  ejeared  laml  are  several  taiin  houses.     Two  iiiiles  after 

;■  i\  in;;  the  head   the  elilTs  eliaii;;i>  to  lii-JnT,  icicliy.  liroKeii  elill~.  w  illi  ;i  ,N|i-li||y  iiTc^nlai'  projeelioii 

n  the  sliai;;lil  trend  of  llie  eoa>t.  Ilial    icaelies  (iiir   jini.dleil  and  furls   feet  ele\,ilioli.     Oll'tliis 

I'    Isy  strelcli  there   is   no  lou  water   lieaeh  and  the  led;;es  of  rock  ■  iin  oiii  heymiil  low  water,  lint 

:!i  re  are  no  known  oiiilyiny:  dan;;ers. 

The  hills  witdiin  less  Hjim  ii;ilf  ^  mjle  of  the  shore  I'eaeh  eiy:hl  liiindred  and  lltiy  feel  elevation 

hire  lieavil\    wooded.     In   many  plaees  fnresi   Wws  have  left  nolliiii;^  lint  lar;:e  areas  ol'  linnit 

I  >  siill  standin;;. 

'I'eii mile  Creek,  a  stieam  thirty  yards  in   width,  opens  upon  the  sea  live  miles  northward  of 

!l   Ilia  Head.      It  is  marked  1>.\  a  sand   lieaeh  neaily   a   (|narter  of  a  mile  hniu'  to  the  south.     The 

■:iain  is  \er\  short,  and  eonies  from  the  on^aii  llaiik  of  the  nioiiniaiiis  liehiml  lleceta  Head  and 

(   ipi'  I'erpetiia.     In  the  diy  season  the  iiionlh  is  closed. 

The  soiilhci  n  pail  of  the  cape  commences  at  six  and  one  funrth  miles  north  ward  froni  Hecela 

II'-, id  at   a  clill   one   hnndied   and   s!\l\    feel    hi;,'li  wilh  lu  o   l.ir;;c  houses  on  the  soiilli  side.     The 

•   '  "  of  the  cape   from  this  clilf.  and  iiiclndiii;;   the  hill  iioitli  of  the  \'aehals.  eiiiliraees  live  miles. 

i  lis  soniheiii    part   of  the  cape  is  a    jiitliiiL;'  sjnir,   lony;aiid   j;rassy.  lenninatin.u-  in  rocky  el  ill's. 

ii  hind  it  the  land  rises  to  ci;;ht  hundred  feet  III  three  fourths  (if  a  mile,  and  is  eo\  en'd  with  I  mi  nil 

■    I. ■-.Is.     A  mile  and  i  hrce  ipiartcrs  to  the  northwaril  ol   ihis  is  |  he  lirst  lii-li,  ;:r.issy  lieail  hacked 

.    lir  foresls.     'I'his   Iliad   reaches  inie   llioiisand   teel    in   elex.itimi   in  ihrce  ei;;lil  lis  of  a  mile :  it 

,  lojeets  so  as  to   form   a    rather  sh.irp  i-e«'cs>iiin  of  the  shoic  on  ihc  souili  lace,  and  an  irre;^iilar 

•  \e  on   the  north   side.     This   head   has  half  a  mile  ftonla;;e  and  jasi  south  of  it  eiilcrs  a  small 

:  I  a  111  thi-oiiuh  a  wooded  x'.illcv  from  ilie  not '  Least.     Two  or  t  ii;  >  r  houses  lie  under  its  si  nit  li  Hank. 

I  lie  lioldesi  part  of  ( 'ajic  I'crpeina  lies  tli'-e  I  planers  of  a  mile  nor  I  h  ward  ot'  the  last  nientioned 

1  'lection,  I  lilt  has  iiol  so  Inoad  a  Wwi-  :   I  here  is  a  si  i;;  lit  recedilij;'  ef  I  he  shore  of  alioiit  one  Ion  it  h 

<■'   a  mile  lietweeli  tlieiii,  ulnae  the  \alleN  ends  in  lockv  elilfs  siilliiiiliutcd  liy  tir  tiecs.     This  head 

!i  irdly  plojeels   farthei   ;  li.in  the  he.ni   !o   the   sonlhward   of  it.    Iiiii  ii   is  lioldei  and  I'eaches  ei;;lit 

I  lid  red  feel  ill  clc\  at  ion  in  one  si\;li  of  a  mile  lioni  I  he  sea.  and  I  he  four  hundred  and  tifly  feet 

e\  .ition  almost  overliaii;;s  the  waler.     The  face  of  the  clilf  i if  this  iiorllicrn  head  was  so  red  that 

■  "as  called  Ited  I'llniV  in  the  reeoiiiiai-sanee  of  l.silii,     Tju'  descent  from  the  siinimil  to  the  clitl' 

ic  is  re^iilai'  althonuh  sleep;  and  close  uinhi  iis  face  are  -.(une  llat  rocks  awash  at  low  water. 

The  liaseof  t  In' cape  is  eoniposcd  of  useiiesof  tiat  ledges  of  rock  which  extend  outward  from 
,(  fiKit  of  the  elill's.  lint  lail  by  deep  ci'casses  into  uhich  the  si  a  rolls  at  all  limes.  The  taee  is 
M'ivy  and  li.iie.  and  alnio^i  \eiiic.il  near  the  w.iter;  it  rises  to  >e\  en  liiiiidied  fed  elex  alioii  at 
■iichundud  and  lifi.\  \ards  from  the  shore  In  e. 

The  hi;;li  sluuf  <onimeiieiii;;  one  and  one  <piart  •■  miles  north  of  the  north  head  of  tin'  cape, 
lid  separated  Ihciefroiii  hy  the  sharp  \alle\  of  I  he  Vachats  liiver.  will  usually  lie  taken  for  parr, 
■  'he  cape  when  seen  some  d, si. nice  from  se,iu;ird.  The  length  of  this  Vachats  \\i;\\\  is  nearly 
'■  and  a  ([iiartei-  miles  ;iud  it  i'mIIs  slii;htl.(  ii.nk  w  iih  a  narrow  mesa  front  a  hundred  feet  alio\n 
lie  sea,  and  llieil  rises  wooded  to  six  hundred  feel  cle\ation  in  half  a  mile.  On  tic  mesa  are 
'\eral  lai;;-e  farm  houses.  When  the  mi\i,-.ilol'  is  alie;'lii  of  this  head,  he  will  note  the  sliail> 
;  ■plession  of  the  v,ille\  of  the  \  achats. 

.Ml  these  pro|eeiiiiu  points  lia\e  !ed,ues  of  rock  riiuiiiii;;  licsoiid  low  water.     There  !■■  i.    'uaeh. 
.Iiisi  iii'ilh  ol   thi'  cape  the  shore  falls  hack  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  with   rocks    elil''.  on   the  sea, 
i!i|  a  liroad  low   watci   -~.inil  hcich  while  llie  lir  loresi  appioa 'lies  the  shore. 

riiere  arc  no  know  n  hidden  (l,in^;eis  off  this  head  nr  oO  1  he  cuasl  for  some  distance  north  ami 
-nth. 

Inder  the  sonlheiii  part  of  < 'ape  I'erpetiia.  Teliciil^otl  la\  s  down  a  small  stream  which  he 
ills  Ihc  /..islikiii  l>'i\er:    ihismas   lie  the  Ten  iiiile  ( 'reek. 


tK 


■' !  *l 


1  '!■  ,  .  »«tl; 

7  ii 


Wf 

;|| 

i  ''' 

it* 

1 

■(!'■ 


•tlO  I'Acii'ic  CMAsr  I'll. or. 

\V(>  |iiiss('il  llii>  iMiM'  w  illiiii  l\Mi  miles  miiiI  -.KcIcIkiI  il,  :niil  uIim  rvnl  tlic  hililmli'  "  li 
iiltrcK.sI  til'  il. 

Tlie  >:c(i;;lM|i|iital  lio.silioll  iil'  1  lie  llciid,  ;is  ilcti'lllllllcd    liv    till'    I   .S.  ('(i;|st    ami  (  ii'diiri  i 


!■     .-Ill 


l.;llltllilr   . 
I.i'll;;llllclr 


11     i:    •.':! 

I-'I      li.'.     In 


Till' ma;;iii'lir  \:ni:ilimi  was  L'd'^  .'!(»'  cast  III    .laniiar\.  I.s.s.'i,  w  iih    an    annual   inci'iMsc  ui 


miniili': 


I'niin  lilt'  call 


'lavc  the  tollciw  iii^  licaiiii;;s  an 


Capi'  <  iHmkI  i.i:ilil  liiiii^i' 
i\i\<r  (iici;iii.\  l.iylilliiiiir 
Till'  ll;ir  111'  llir  rill|ii|ii:il 
V;ii|iiin;i  \Vlii-.lliiii;  Uimv 
|iaMHlii;{  iiM  I  .Msi'va  I! 
ViC|iiliiii  IliaiU  l.i;;lillj 
'riii>  liiir  pa^-.  ■.  Ii.ill'  a  111 


iiMl  iiiir  nil 


I,-   mils 


Tiiliiiii.M.K  i;.M  I,  l.i-lil  li. 


.< 

' 

1  i;i\.i'... 

1 

\. 

1- 

tuny  al  7J 

llllllS. 

\ 

17 

1 l--i,|r 

III'  Nai|iiiii 
IC*i'    .....  . 

nf  .s.  :il   1 
1    Kim  la 

n.ksal 



N 

1- 

Capr  l> 


pr    I  >l>.lpl"n 


ilniiiil    l.iulit   Ih 


(I  tlisianccs  III  |iriimincnl  iilijccts: 

•      ]..  :><i     null's. 

I      i:.  .'.'.I     mill'.-. 

;     i:.  :::<  iniir-.. 

W.  I-"   mill's. 


■r.i  mill's. 

I'.'4  null's. 

•-'II  mill's. 

'.I-  mill's. 

N.    !;•     W  .         ir.i  mills. 


'I'liis  cain' was  iiaiiictl  liy  (■imk  in  Maicli,  ITT^i;   ils  iinsiiinn   was  a|i|iiii\iiiialcl\  laiil 


\'anciiii\  IT.  w  liii  hail  suiil  he 


1  h   wcatlicr  w  lien 


lie  |)aS!eii   ii    in   A|iril.   ITl'J.      'reliellKuH' lelain 


name:  ami  tlie  ( 'nasi  .Siii\e.\    I'eeiiniiaissanee  til    |S."i(i  iiiai  Ks  ii  mtv   |>nimineni  I.\  . 

'/'//(     Viiiliiit\   l;ii(i-  breaks  ilinpiin|i  the  iiin|i  c'nasi  hills  luai  ('ape  I'ei  |ieliia,  ami  lias 

mulltll   liel  u  eeli  |iii'l,\    elills. 

This  is  a  ;:iM>il  si/eil  stream  Inn    the  I'.imiii  is  naiitiw  ami   liea\il\    wimtleil  tin-  I 


l\  e  ol'  sl\  mill 


lioin  tilt'  mulltll,  when  II   wiileiis    ami    the    \alle\     is    setlleil.      'I'heie  is  a  ^^  au:cili    ln.iil    lliniiluli    lii. 


1111111  trum  tlie   niniith. 


The  Vaehals  is  tuiilalile  in  siimmei.  ami   lunmal 


lie   (inl\    till   e.iii 


the  stiiilh  side  tit'  the  ^'at'llals  is  ihe  main   I'linit  til'  Cijie  l'er|ieliia  :   un  ihe  math   siile  !>  Ilie 


imr.  si\   liiimlrei 


I  lilt  aliii\e  th 


II'  sea.  and  iiiliiili;;     ri'.nii    Ihe   liea\llv    ruit'sleil    Naeh.ils    \|i 


w  hieh  lies  I'm  11  and  a  i|iiailer  miles  nm  lli  thiiteeii  de^irees  east  (>;.  \'X''  V..)  tinm  the  extremic  ,.i 
tlii'ea|ii  ;  ami  t'liiir  ami  a  half  iiiihs  sunt  h  lhilt\  live  ilenieesea.st  iS.  .'!.">  \',.\  litim  thesiiiith  li.i.l 
iiltlie  .Msi'V  a  elitranee  ;  is  t  VM'l  \  e  liiimll  rd  liel  almv  e  the  sea  and  iilil.\  line  ami  li\  e-ei;;htlis  II  .- 
ill  t'ltiin  the  shiire.  'I'lie  t'aee  iil'  this  spur  slupes  to  t  he  sunt  h  sunt  h  west  ;  Ils  liiuhei  pail  is  i'iim:..i 
Willi  lir  I'mi'sis.  and  ils  seawaitl  pail  is  a  mesa  land  ul'  mtitleiale  lireaillh,  inarlxetl  hv  sev<i.:! 
lar;:e  liilildin;;s. 

.\s  we  passe, 1   this   in    Isi'iti.   there   wtre   tnu   \  illajres,   near  the  stream,  eumpiisin^i   lln 


a'.;em'\    11 


t'the    .VNi'va    Indian    llesei  \  at  uiii,    where    weie    natlnitil    aliunl    Iwh   hnmlretl   ami 


mptipl.ili  ai 


d   Kiiiis   Im.i 


Ills    \\  llll 


hat!   st'M'ial   hiiliilred  aires   iit    laiiil  under  eiiltl\aliiiii.      I 


lilllltlini;s  Inn  e  slliee  In 


en  leiiiiiMil  III  tlie  Si'el/  lleserval  itiii  iiiu  III  111  I  he  Naipiina  itivfr. 


a    liliiKeii    liieKx     i 


i-'iii  line  and  a  ipiarlei  iniles  muih  <il  Ihe  ^  aelial  ..  the  shnreliiu 
tlieiiee  to  the  Naiplimi  Kivei  I  he  slnue  line  is  juw.  Iimdiieil  \<\  a  sand.\  lieaeli.  ami  haeki  i 
Iil  riirests.  'I'liis  sliure  line  is  lirtiUt'ii  hv  the  entianee  ut  the  .\!se_\a  lli\t'iaiiil  li_\  I  heelills  alii 
the  .Seal  IJiii'Ks. 

'relieiiKiill  lays  iliiw  n  tile  Naspi   IJiver  jllsl   nnrlll  til' Cape  I'eriietlia,  in  the  plaeetil' the  N  ai  i 
<  In  reeeiit  Slate  maps  tif  ()ie;:iiii    the  st  lea  111  is  ea  I  let  I   \  a  hats. 

Cillif    refill  liiii    In    .l/.s(//i(     l,'iiii.  —  .MiUi;^   this  |iortli)ll  tif   the  etiasi    the  ehlls  are  1111111   lll'lii 

lliirl.x   t'et'l  lii;,li.  w  illi  a  mil  iiiw  sii  ip  ul'  ^rass.\    land    Inhiml   iliein   thai    ran^^es  Iruni   a  ipiaii' 
.1  mile  to  a  mile  liroail.     This  u|ieii  laml  is  liaeked  li>  liea\il_\  wuuded  iiil;:i's. 


i*.:  ^ 


I  111:  Al  .^1  \  \  i;i\  i;i! 


Tuuamla  halt   miles  mirlh  uf  Ih"  Sailiats  head   utCape    I'eipeiiia,   the  slmie  ehaiine 


I  he  liiild.  iiii'k\  -laeed 


;i.iss   pl.ileail 


il    Ihe    \  aehals   ti 


llnlV  ullh    lell    111    lii|l\    leel    lll.l 


a  hill. id  .s, Hid  lieaell  liiirdered  Wllll  lurest  .llmusl  tu  the  water's  t'd;;i'.  The  liiw  w  alei  lieai  h  l-  •, 
lii'iiad. 

'I'hi'  euniilrv  inside  is  |uw.  llal.  and  euM'ii'il  wiih  ('uresis. 

There  is  Slime  miiiiiii:  aluii;;  the  lieaeli  where  the  aiiiiferuiis  samls  are  wurkeil. 

i'.i'.^lit  miles  liullh  li\  wesi  llum  ihe  rape  is  the  elilraliee  ti)  the  .Mse\a  liner.  Ill  uhieli 
siiutli   head   is  an  alniipi,  luii;,',   nuimlin;:  ilill  tiT  sainlsttjut',  ul' less  than  une  hiimlieil  leel  In: 


'SN 


„!<    \ 


I'ACIIIC    roASI'    1'1I.<»T. 


411 


jiiiil  covficd  wi'li  trrcs;  Die  iiortli  |iiiiiil  is  a  broiid,  low,  smihIv  point,  tliict'(|iiiiilt'is  of  !i  mile  Ion;; 
;iii.|  (■ii\ri('(l  Willi  ilritiuiinil.  The  ciiliMiicL'  lollu!  ii\('i'  is  ()rifi|ihiil('r  of  a  mih'  wiilu  at  the 
ii.iiiii\M'st  part. 

Inside  the  river,  llie  Mnll  Cont  Inues  on  the  sonlli  side,  ami  ilie  liill,  nearlv  one  mile  t'rotn  tliii 
:lj  point,  is  one  Innnlred  I'ei'l  li!;;h.     On  the  mn  III  side  llie  sand.\   point  eli;ni;;es,  at  a  little  o\cr 


I  lit  mile,  t  >  lilnlVs  which    reach   two   hundred   ami    I 


wenly   t'cel  al  a  sliort  disiame  liack.     One 


',isl  of  the  liay  the  wooded  hills  reach  seven  hnnilred  t'cel  .■|e\ali 


I  )iii'  mile  riiini  the  mn  I  h 


if  the  entrance  to  Ihe  river,  the  unler  shorelii 


le  ehan;;('S  to  all 


li.iiiiit  rise  lor  in  i  II  ^'  Ihe  i  cinimciieemeni  ol  a  Ion;;  line  of  sami  dn  nes,  which  eMend  lor  three  and 

alter  miles  lo  Seal   lIocKs.     'i'liese  dnnes  ehaiij^e   to  a   liliitf.  forl.\  or  lilly  I'eii  hij;h,  and  it  is 

'i  I  lined  I IV  a  liroad  sand  heaeh.  w  il  li  a  Inoad  low  w  aler  lieach.  I  n side  the  sand  dnnes  Ihe  cinintry 
1,1-.  lo  fonr  hniidred  and   live  hnmlied  feet  ami   is  heavily  wooded,  liiii  in  part  Iminl. 

At  the  examination  of  the  cut  ranee  lo  Ihe  river  in  isdll,  ii  was  a  1  ion  I  one  hundred  yards  wide 
.]■  I  'W  water,  with  no  w  ell  delim-d  channel,  ami  had  a  dejitli  ol  tlv  e  or  si\  feel  of  w  aler  on  Ihe  liar. 
iIli'  mile  ami  a  i|U.nier  inside  the  eiitiance,  Ihe  riverexpands  inlci  a  hay  alioiil  one  mile  wide  and 
Mill  and  five  ei;:'hllis  miles  hmj^  :  it  is  filled  with  sand  Mats,  lint  is  i'e|iorted  to  ha\  e  a  lorlnoii.s 
rhjiiiiel  lliroll;;li  them. 

On  the  noi  ih  side,  or  li-hl  liaiiK  of  ihe  A  Isev  a  Hay  ,  is  Ihe  snia  II  low  n  and  post  oil  ice,  Collins. 
I;    -  one  ipiai  ler  of  a  mile  inside  the  en  I  ram 'e.  ,ind  ha^  a  salmon  ca  unci  v ,  w  hai  1.  and  half  a  do/en 


I'liiiilini. 


(  hie  mill   aliov  e  ( 'ollins  I  here  is  aiiolln  i   w  harf.  salmon  ranne 


d  seveiid  liiiildinus. 


On  Ihe  sonlli  side,  ol  Icli  liaiiK  of  the  ]  iv  er,  alioiil  a  mile  aliov  e  I  he  miiiilli,  is  till' town  and 
|M.-i  olliee  of  Wall  I  purl.  It  has  a  steam  saw  mill  w  ilh  a  capacilv  of  ei;;lil  I  hoiisaml  feet  ol  Inmlier 
■  lilv,  I  wo  short  vhaives,  and  aliont  ten   honses. 


All  alon-  11 


nil  se  of  I  h 


e  1  iver  aic 


Ihe  honses  and  farm>  of  set  I  le''s. 


'I'he  head  ol    tide  water  i>  repurled  111  111'  alionl  tell    mile-,  tiiuii  the  iiiunth. 

'I'lie  sieam   ^cliooHci    I/(,m7(,'< /',  of  >i\i\    Ions,  runs  lieluii-n    \  aqiiina   Hay    and   Alseya  Iliver, 


\\  e  mill's  lioni  ciii  ranee  lo  eiilram 


The  loident^ 


claim  thai  Iheie  is  eiuhi  feel  of  water  on 


lull  llie  >lale  ol   the  liilc  has  mil  been  ascerlaiiied. 


The  sloop    / 


p    lininii.  iliaw  iii^  si\ 


fee;  of  water,  cio.NM'd  ,iml  reciossed  Ihe  liar  m  isci,  isdij,  and 


Si 

1 


ft 


In    1S,!I     I  he  e\aillill,ll  ion    show  ei 


I   that  the  liar  llien  had  a  little  less  than  eiLihl  feet  i  f  water 


'II  il,  and  wa>   lour  Immlied  y  aids  Ihiil;  and  only    one   hiimliecl  y  ards  w  ide  lielweeii  the  six-feet 
I V  I's  to  the  iiorl  li  and  south.     Thelneakers  mark   the  channel  in  moderate  w  <  alher  :  in  strong' 

lids  the  liar  breaks.     'I'h iter  pari  of  the  liar  lay  three  i|iiarleis  of  a  mile  to  the  west  mnthwest 

ihe  .south  point  ;l)iit  like  all  lliese  liars  the  position  and  I  lie  depth  of  water  must  I'hanjie  irregularly, 
c  ileepest  water  in  the  entrance  inside  the  l>ar  bet  ween   llie  north  and  sonlli  .-pits  is  tbily  feet. 

of   1SS7  the  bar  lay  I  liiie  ei;;lil  lis  of  a  mile  o  IV  I  he  soiilh  shore, 
Ihe  (Irst  course  in  between  the  noiili  and  south  liieakiis  was  iiorllieast. 


hi  llie  topoi^raphical  reeonnaissa 


. I  liiiiiii  h 


n  placed  al  the  moi 


Ilh   of  the  .\lse\a  to  niaik  the  apploaches  lo  llie  eihiam 


>  a  liint  I  hi.ss  iini  liiitiij.  jHiiiiliil  irilli  hlinh  mul  irliitr  jit  rpi  inlii  iitii  r  .v/////*\.  and  is  placed  in  eleven 
iinms  of  waleidlie  and  one  sev  •iilli  miles  liroad  o  If  the  shore.  1 1  lies  ucai  ly  sonlli  west  one  hall' 
-I  i.SW.  .1,  W.)   I'idin  the  enti.ince  lo  the  river,  and   may  be  passed  on  either  side. 


I.SST,   I'loin    this   biiov. 


Ihe   bar  l.iid  about  li  v  e-ei;;hl  lis  of  a  mile  east  bv   noilli.     The  buoy 


le.iled  b\   the  lollowinu  bearings  a 


ml  distanci'; 


Sial  lilun 

II  lllni  I,,  ili.-iclr  licirlll  Ml  ml  |iip|lll 

Clllslir  lif  llnll-i-.  Illlii  -i|nal'nix  mill'  mmUIi  la'rlllr: 
Kxlll'lllil  V     nl'  (    IIIH-    I'l  1  |ir(  ll:l 


N.  :!i;     i; 


I-     i; 


Ij  llli!rs 
li  milrs. 
II  milrs. 
7      milt'M, 


Wlii.MlniL'  !'• 


i.ll  V 


I>|III1I.I    KiM'I' 


N.I-      W  .         II      mill' 


he  Iniov    lie 


li\e  milo  liollli  luelve   de;;rei'S   west    (N.    iL'      W  . '    fl the  oilier   and  laiuesl 


•fl 


le  ;;eo;;raphi(  al  p' 


ilioii  ol   the  liillock  hall  a  mile  inside  ol   llie  mnih  point  of  the  entrance 


river,  as  ileiermim  d  b\    the  I'.  .S.  ('oa>t  and  (ieodeiic  Survey,  i- 


I.aliliidc  .. 

I ^'illl'll- 

I n.  Ill  I iiiH 


II    -.'i;   t::    miiili. 

t-JI      HI      I.'.      ursl. 

-.  n.    i:i-. 


Il  i.s  almost  exacllv  in  the  same  loii;;iliide  as  ihe  Viainina  Heads  lajihl  house, 


I 


ll)l 

ISi 

1 

'       tl 


t! 


'!■  I' 


412  I'-Cinc    IMAM     I'll.nl'. 

r.rci^iil  oil'   till'  IlKilltll  111'  till'     AlscMi    l.'iVil    llii'ic  is  ;l  ili'|i|li  of  sr\rlll\     r;llliiiiiis  ii|    \\,\i. 
siinil.N     Ixillolii  ;ll  riulltct'll    liiilo  IriHM  .sliKlr.       ri'litiikiill    ;:i\<'.s  ;l  i|i'|>lli  ol    vimmiIv    two    \';\\\, 


('l;;lll   miles  o 


11 


11'.      At  mil'  mill'  ilir  ili'|iili  i-  irii  l';itliiim 


All  illilrlilMllnli  III'  I  III'  sliol  I'  1 1  III'  Is  I  ml  I'll   III  I  Ills  |iii>il  inn  li\    \';ilii'nll\  rr.  w  illi  Miiikr 


imlii'iili'  hri'iiUris.     lit'   |iiiili;ili|\    siiw    till'    li.ir   lii(  mKiiij;.     Ii    is  i 
Imwi'Vci'.  till-  iivi'i   Ali/i.i. 


lllMl'll     ll\ 


'rrlii'iiNnll. 


«li. 


I.iliiil/iill — Alsii/d   I'lill.   is  ;l  imljlili'  |ii';ik    :iliiillt   t\Mi  tiliillsilllil   It'll  t'i('\  ;il  ion  l\iliu  nlih 


iiillfs  iiiii  llii'a>t  li\  i';ist    iNI!.  Ii\    \'..i  liniii  llii'   miHitliiil   tlif   Aisrv:),      rii'liiml   ii 


M; 


(III  Ili'Mli.N     llic  s.ilili'  lii'jiill;;.  l\M'Ml\    Imil    mill's  llnlii  tlii'  IlluUtll  of  lllf    Alsi'Mi,  ;illil    li'llrllin- 
tliDMsiiiiil  i'i;:lii  liiiiiilii'il  mill  "ivlN  I'l^lil  lift  t'irNalion. 

Alsi'\:i    I'l'.iK   is    ii   tial  ti«|>|ii'il     liiulllll.lili.  riivi'lril     w  illi  ili'.iil     lii    tlrr--.  ami    |il  I'si'iil  s  a 


apjiraiaiiri' ;    \n  lirll  a  lifW   ;:ii(U  tli  nl'  I'lilrsI   I  ii'i'S  rii\  t'l's  till'  miMlnlaili  I  Ii 


i>  |M'i-iiliai  il>    will  {'I 


ilisa|i|>i'ai .     Till'  iiioiiiiiaiii  is  a  ;:i<imI  lamllall  I'm  tlii'  t'.iasi  in  iliis  lalilinli'  ^^lll'll    M.ii,\°>  I'l  > 
cliimis  m-  iilisi'iiirii  li\  siiiiiUi'. 

.l/.N'/'"     l>"'l>'    <"     '^"'1    lillll.S. Almu    till-     sllrli'li    III     i'ii;|>t    lilli'     tlll'lt'   IS  a     llliiail.   sllmnll,.      ,i: 

lii'ai'li  wliii'li  Is  liai'ki'il  li.v   low  Mulls;   ;lii'  lullin;,' ruiintiN  iiisiili'  i>  ili'ii>i'l,\   wnnili'il. 

Nmili  I'l   llii'  .'^ral  li'iiiiis  iliiit'  is  a  Iwuail,  sinnnlli.  sainl  lirarli,  wliirli  IS  liai-kiil    li\  flir    " 

art'    IriMII     Im  I  \    ti>    ullr     lllllnllril     lirl     liiiili:    llirn    riilllli;^    lulls  ailil    l  iil;;i's  i'ii\  iTi'iI    w  iI  Ii  iIi'.i. 

1 1  lUiK.s  111   liiiniiij  I  ri'i's. 

/'/((    \ii(l    l,'i'il,s.  —  I'lmn    I  III'  mmil  Ii  III    llir    Aisfva    l!i\  I'l   to  tlir   iinnil  li  of  I  lir    Vai|iillia    I:, 
till'  liislaiiri'  is  I'li'M'ii  anil  a   liall    milis.      I  lir  slimi'liiif  is   iii'all.v    .-.I  iai;.;lil    on   a   limlli    I' 
i|iiaiti'r  wt'st    N.  Iiv  \\  .  |  W.i  loiiisi'.      I'm   ilmi'  inilrs   it  lias  a  low,  saiiil\   luarli,  liaiki'il  i.     i 
ilillii's  Im   liall    till'  liislani'i'  anil    llii'ii    li.\    a    l>!iitV  .si\I,\    I'lil    lii-li:   ainl  iiisiilr  of  lliisi'   llir! n 
(■i)\  I'l' till' I  i.siim  lulls,      liiis  saiiil  lirai'li  alioumls  in   "lil.irU   siinl"  <  ma,i;iii'l  ic  iimi  on,  \\l,:r|i 
ai'cmiijiaiiiril   li,\   \rT\   lini-  ;:olil  w  liirli   w  as  t'miiii'i  l.\  olit.iiiii'il   tlii'ii'liom   li.v  t  ri'almi'iii   wiiIm    :- 


ilvif.     Til 


,\    slour  fiimmiiiits  at    a    lillli'  ovn    tlni'i'   milis   liom    tin'    Ah 


ja;:;:i'il  Mnlls  iaii;:i'  lioiii  si'mhix  to  mii'  linmlii'il  Tri't  lil<;li,  ami  rmtiioii'  I  lian  a  inilr  I  In 
limili'li  tl  li\  a  clllstfl- fit'  low  loi'ks  wliii'li  iraill  llrail\  half  a  inilf  oil  llir  liratli.  Tlifsr  ; 
Sral   l.'oi'Us. 

'11  It'  most  inoiiTiin;;  of  llio  loi  K\  Mulls  is  m  laliiinlt'  '  1 '  L".''  iT'^noi  i  li.      It  is  t  \vi'iil.v-!lii 
a  halt    null  s  lioni  <  a|ii'  i'ri  in  tna.  ami   tfii  .iml  li\  i'  siM  lis  ,iiili's  limn  \  ,ii|iiiii,i   I  If.iils  l.i;;lil 


Tl 


st  lit   till'  Stal  li'ot'Ks  is  not  toM'ti'il    at  lii^li  liili',  ami    Ilis  alimil  niii'  lliin 


I'loin  till'  III  aili.     Tlit'si' links    w  cif  I'miiit'i  l\    tlif   iisoi  I  ol'  siaN  anil   sfa  l:oiis.     '|'|n'   Imli 


ii'lioili'il    to  soiiirl  imts  I'ali-h  lai';;t'   iiiiml 


111  s  ol    riiillisli  I 


tV  ll 


ami    in    Isils  .i  lislo 


csiaMislifil  litii'.     Till'  tislmm  l:i-i)iiiii1s  t'\ti  ml  tlirif  miirs  oiitsnlf  ilio   nnks.  Inn  tlio  lorair.   Ii. 
iiol  liccn  cxamiiiiil. 

Tlii'if  illi'  mi  known  liiililin  ilan;:ris  oil   tlii'si-  loiks. 

l'"iiiiii  liair  a  mill' abii', 1st  ol   tlir  oiitfiinost    part  ot   tlii.s  Mnll',  tin-  1mio,\  olV  tin-    Alsr\  i    i 
licais  siiiitli  Iwflvi' ili'^iiii's  cast    (."s.  lU'  l'',.l,  ilistant   lour  atiil  tlirt'i' I'miitlis  mill's,  ami  tin      ' 


liiii'   i; 


11   Illi-    \.iipiiiia    Inais    iimlli    iwi'iil\  Imir  tl 


t';;ri'i'S    wi'Sl    ( 


I  (  \  .  L'  I     W 


I.    ilisiaiil 


ini'iliiiil  mill' 


Til 


I'  rallli'  I'.ii  111  111    Illi'    Al 


si'i\alimi  (HOW  ii|ii'm'il  to  set  tli'iiifPl )    lirs  In  liiml  ll 


.slioif  aliliMsl  I  III' .soiillnl  n   part  ol'  tlit'Sial  lloiks. 


Sl'\  i 


Mount. liii,  aliiaih    ilt'si-i  il 


i\i  It'll    witliilraii    tl  links  of  1  Ill's,  is   \isil)li'li 


Sial  i; 


it  liiais  rast  li\   iioiili  '!■;.  li\   N.)  Iwrho  mili's  I  lirifl'ii'm. 


I'loiii   tlif  Sial    liock.s  III  till'   monllior  llio    \  aipiliia  lliMT  ilii'slioii'   is  a  ciimpaial  i\  < 
iliill   lioiiii'ii'il  li\    a   I  I'oail   saiiil  luarli,  ami   lii'avils    wonili'il  to  within  a   milr  ami   a   li.ili 


^ 


iipiiiia.    w  Inn    saml    iiillir 


l.t'- 


III    ami     I'oiitinili'    to   till'   rntianrt' 


Tl 


inoili  rali'ly  lii;;h  ami  is  t'oMTtil    with  loit'sts,  liiil  in  many    pai  Is  t'\Ii'iisi\  f  I 


II'    fiiiinlrv    lii'iiii 


Ill's   ||,|\l'   ill'sll' 


lint  t 


If  laifiiT  liiinks  whii'h  air  still  stamliii: 


.\  small  stn.iin  ralli'il    /. 


I  (III  y 


Ci-itI:  fiili'ls   ll 


If  oi'i'an 


aliont   oi;i'   mill'  ami   a  li.ill    iim 


U'st    rimii  till' oillriiiiost    liliilV  ol'  Si'al    I 


tl    i.ofivs  ami   s 


i\   mill's  soiii  h   lis    i-a 


't    I'lom    \   npiina 


point.     The  stfcam  is  t  wi'iity    \  aiils  w  iilo  a!  tin'  imnith  ami    is  saiil    to  alimiinl  in  liiii'   Iionl       I 


i'o;j:ra|iljiial  |iiisiiion  of  tin'  inouth  of  llras  ir  ' 'ii'i'k  is 


l..lliMMl.' 


II     ::i 


11. nth 


l.unj:ilM(l. l-.'l     111     111     ui'sl. 

All  aloii;;  this  shoii'  to  tlir  iiion;h  ol'  thf  ^'alplina  aii'  tlif  limisfs  of  sfltU'r.s. 


i'    i; 


^^L 


rAciiic  ciiAsi'  I'li.or. 


4i:i 


l.dii'irnll.—'VUt'  liiiiill'.ill  for  till'  (•(i;if,t  .stirtcliiii;;  fldlii  ncrctil  Ifr;iil  (o  Vil(|lllli;i  I'oiiit  JH 
),'\  I'llL,  Mlil.llril  alicMit  IwciiM  11)111  liiilcs  iiisiilc  till'  nImhc  line.  'I  lie  >iilcs  ol'  this  |il  oiliilifllt 
iil.iill  III!' <'('\t'ri'(l    \\  II  li  liliilici,  lull   IliUlicilialcl.V  (III  llic  simiMlil   il  Is  ;;l■:l.s^  coMTcd. 

riif  a|ipni\iiii:itc  ;;i'cp;;r,i|p|ii(al   imoiIioii  nf  111  is  iiMiiiiit.iiii  is  liitiliiilc    II     l'II'  nuiiii.  I(iii;;iluiln 

J'.t'  wi-st,  iiiiil  as  its  flt'\ali  >ii  is  ovt'r  t'liiir  tlHiiisanil  Mm-  IiiiihIiciI  Iim'I  il   si Id  lie  mcii  at   a 

lacf  (tf  sc\ciil  V  live  mill's.  Il  lies  ilircclly  fast  liuiii  tlic  ciiliain'c  nl'  llif  Vai|iiiiia  Kivci-,  Init 
ilil  he  must  (listiiicll.N  sfcii  whin  InnKjn;;  ii|i  tilt'  valli'V  nj'  the  Al>i',\a  iJivcr. 

lii.Iiiiif,  IHds,   this  I iiilaiiiti)|i  w  as  still  ciivricil    with   tlir   siiiiws  nt'ilic   |iri'\  inns    winlcr. 

.  l.irl  w  ill  |iiiiliali|y  i'\|ilaiii   sniiii'  i>\'  tlic  acfiiillils  ol'  llic  cail.N    nav  i,i;atoi.>.      In  <  lilolici,  IS77, 


ilcil  t1 


II-  iiionnlaiii  ami  hail  a  \  lew  of  tho  ocimii  tliiTi'lioin. 


It 


IS  ill  till'   iiiaiii  coast  raiiuf 


■  \\  rises  sliarplv  I  rum  i  he  W'lllaiiirllr  Nailer .     A  ^irat  spiii'  slriUis  rnmi  this  laii;;!'  a  trw  iiiili'S 
I  ■  Il  of  Man's  I'i'ak  and   iiarlics  the  coa^t    lictwccii   the    Alsrva  and   the    \aiiiiiiia  Kivcis.     Tlic 
\   -.\a  Mountain  is  part  of  Ihiscioss  iaii;;i'. 

When  Cool,  was  at  an  t'stimatcd  dlslaiirt'  of  nim-  Icayiics  oil'  tlir  coa.^t  Just    north  of  Capo 

1'    pi'tiia  (on  till'  iioilht'iii  part  of  the  llt'i'cta  I  tank  in  nini'tv  fathoinsi  hi'  made  a  \  iru  of  the  lii;ih 

I    Miitains  fast  of  the  Vai|iiiiia  and  Alsrya  ItiM'is.     l''ioni  his  view  i.iid  di'siiiption  il  would  sfcm 

i  i;  he  saw  Alsi'\a  .Mountain  and   Mars's   I'caU   iicarlv  oM'rIappiii;:   carli  oilit'i,  and  named  tho 

(■Hall  "'ralilf  Mill."     His  wi'alhir  was  iiiifa\  oralilc. 

riifif  ait'  thnc  oilni  isnlalid  |praKs  iiisidi'  this  short  .stii'tih  of  coast  between  Cape  I'erpetiia 

;  \aipiiiia  Heads:  'I'lif    Ynihiits  . l/u »»/((/(/,  prolia  I  il.\  t  wo  Ihiiiisaiid  lect  in  hei;:ht,  alioiit  six  miles 

;linorllieast    (NNI'..)  from  Cape    I'ei  |iilii.i  ;   .l/vo/i;   /'(('/■■.  esiimatid   alioiil    two  tlioiisand  left 

!i,  Ihirtieii  niilo  noi  ihhortlicasl  (NNI',.i  liom  i  ln' cape,  and  directly  al)rca>l  the  moiiih  of  the 

\ '  ■(■>  .1  lii\  er  (See  ua;:e  t  Id);  and  /-'//,  Miiiiiilniii,  on  the  \  ai|iiiiia  l!i\  er.  es|  imated  to  lie  about  two 

hiii>antl  li'ft  Iiiiil.  lyiiij;  thirteen  miles  cast  by  iioitli  1 1'',.  l.\  N.j  from  V.ii|nliia  Heads  lii;;ht. 

\  Ai'iiNA  iiivi;i;. 


When  to  the  soiithwi'stward  ot   the  iiikiiiIi  i-<k  'lie  \  ai|iiiiia  Kncr  the  hi;;li  land  of  Cape  l'"i mi- 
ll her  is  seen  pinjceliii;;  well  iiiit^lde  the  double  heail  nl'   \  ai|uiua  roint.      'I'hcse  heads  ale  p\  la- 
'l.il  in  I'oiin  and  coveicd  with  ;;i.iss — tlie.\  are  not    repealed  on  the  coast  ;   the  low,  black,  rocky 
lit    just   oiil.-.iile  ol   them,  ami   upon  which    the   l.l;4lit  house  is  erected,  shows  almost  ninler  llu^ 


licsl  part  of  ( 'a| 


IC      I    OIIIUl 


allici.      .\  liiic  of  biiikeii    \  cilou  cIiIVn.  \  aricd    by  .sand   patches,  nil 


II  \  ai{uina  Toiiil  soul hw  aril  lor  three  miles,  .Hid  cuds  in  the  |ilatcau  foruiiii;^  the  iioi  ih  |ioiiit  of 
r  N  aipiiiia  enll'.tiice. 

'I'lii'  \iirlli    I'niiii  ii\'  \\ir  entrance  to  llie    Vaipiina    I.Mnci    i>  less  than   half  a  mile  broad,  and 

iiost  a  mile  loii;^  ;   its  seaw  aid  >hoic  i  iiiis  iiorlh  by  west  (  N.  by  W.  i,  and  the  lilnll's  are  composed 

hard  .sand  and  snli    rock,  lioiii  one  hundred   to  t>.vo  hunilred    feet    in  heij;lil,  backed   by   hifili, 

■  'ki'ii  hills  covered  with  loresl.     I'iside  the  entrance  the  slmie  inns  to  the  north  and  then  curves 

wards  the  east  lor  two  miles,  when  il  trends  sliarpl\   lo  the  south  for  three  miles. 

I'lie  iiolnl  IS  a  bold,  s  iiid.s  clilf,  one  hniidicd  and  twenty  six  lict  in  height,  with  a  cliimit  ol' 
■11-  I  lees  oil  the  top  iicai  the  cxlreinily.  l''oriiiclly  (I'M  is)  a  la;;  lit  house  stood  on  the  hi.-lu'st  pa  it 
ihc  extremity  ol  the  point.  '1  he  i;i'o;;raphical  position  ot' this  former  tilth-order  li^lit  w.islati- 
ith.   lon"ilndi'  1-1    II.;    I.'."  west.      It  was  diseontiiiiicd  Octobei'    1,    IST-l,   but 


H     .'IT    L'.-.'  no 
till 


~li  uctiiie  .still  rema 


lin.s  and   is  ip 


eil   as  a  ilaN  -mar 


k.  It  consists  of  a  tower  risiiij;  t'rimi  tlie 
MIcof  the  dwelliii^f  and  iiaiiited  white.  It  stands  at  a  IicikIiI  oldne  hiimlred  and  twf nty-f if;lit 
■1  above  tlie  sea. 

I'loni  the  north  point  a  sharp,  narrow  line  of  reel   stieiches  southward  on  the  i>rolon;;atioii  of 


nil  r  shore  lor  four  liuiidicd  oi   Iim'  liiiudi  ed  \  an! 


•  outer  end  of  this  reel  is  a  rock  awash. 


■/'/((   siiiilli  -siili-  ol  the  eiitiiiice  is  a  line   o 


1  bioad  .>aiid  beach  and  a  narrow  line  «  i'  sand  dunes 


rise  to  forty    feet    in   liciL;iit.      r>cliiiid   the  sand  dunes  an 
hci-hi  i.ndcr  Ihc  line  ol   lorcsi  w  I  i.li  covci  s  ilie  rid-c  hence 


;iassy   hilhicks  rising  to  ei;;lity 
to  Ihc  soiiiliward.     This  iid";f 


111   pine  covered   In 


llock 


(f  about  lliiee  hiiiidicd  leet  clcvalion.  and  stietclies  inland  four  or 


.  e  miles  io 
CIS  show 


tl 


i(>  base  ol  the  coast  mounlai 


lis  w  liicli  ate  lieavih  lorestcd  to  their  summits;  but  lai';;f 


the  etlccl  ol  ^rcal  forest  liics. 


The  south  poinl  ilsi 


II-  narrowest  part  oi  i  he  en 
■  ircmity  of  the  soiiili  point. 
iii\ey  ol  I.S(i8. 


It  is  lony  and  lonndiiiu.  and   lies  inside  the  line  of  llic  north  point  so  that 
nance  lies  bcl  wceii  the  fa  .si  cm  side  of  the  iioitb  poinl  and  the  noil  hern 
This  ijairowest  p.iit  was  live  liniidred  and  si.xly  yards  wide  in  the 


» 


'  .  ill , 


•I'THi, 


i'  m  I 


"T 


^ ''^  ^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


|4S 

Ii6 


lb 


2.5 
2.2 


lAO 


1^ 


1 

1.25  II  1.4    ||.6 

< 

6"     

► 

Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  V.t?T  MAIN  STRUT 

Wf.BS'iH,N.Y.  145S0 

(716)  872-4503 


■^ 


o 


4 


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4s  <%.  ^ 


'':;j^V 


"T 


Ill 


I'Al'll  IC    CiiVSI'    IMi.itC 


Near  llu' I'Mrt'll.ilv  of  llic  Smilli   I'niiil   is   a  ;,'!■, |s>\    Uiinll,    li.nr  of  tirrs,  ami  niir  liii 


inlli  ' 


liftN  t'lylit  li'it  lii;;li.  ii|M)ii  wliiili  Ma.si'ii'clcil  a  lla>;  hIhIV.     TIic  lii;;li  waliT  iiiaiU  ol'il mh-mh  i  mi 

i>f  tilt' Siiiitli  I'oi'it  was  loiii'  liMiiiln'il  aiitl  lottv  vai'ils  iiiM'tlinnrtliwi'st  tioiii  tliisl;iiiill  in  l>r>-> 

Till'.  V  \i,I  INA    KKI'.I'. 

I'liiiail  ulV  till' I'litraiici' III  till'  Vai)Miiia   Itixri'  iImit  is  a   loii;;,    iiairtm    lino  mI'  sniiKni  i..);., 
I\  in;:  |iai  allcl  with  tin'  slioir  Inn- at    a   ili^l.uii'c   tiniii  iiiic  half  tn  out'   liiilr.      Iniiiiiiliali'lv    i>M    ih, 


MKiiith  of  tliriivt'i'  till'  ii'i't'  IS  iiii>r<'  tliati  a  inili'  loii; 
till'  (Ti'st  (if  a  sii 


.ii|>.  n.iii'iiw,  ami  ilaii;:rii>iis,  as  ii  n    ",', 
1)  siiilaii'  ililic  111   iiiik   irailiiii^  to  williin   sis   Icrt   nl   ilic  sin  l.iri>  in  smm.  |,  ,, ,  s. 
'I'lii'ii'  ari>  tvMi  III'  llin'f  iiaiiow  |iassa;:<'s  iliriin;.'li  ii   wlirit'a  vessel  iiiik:lit  i.iiin  Iiiih'  lallmin^  ,<i 

water  it  slic  were  al>Siillltel\    li'iceil  In  ;i\    the  iMSsa^i', 

'I'lie  siniiii!iii;;s  clea'ilv  iiiilieale  thai  this  n  et°  sti'etelies  ninre  iliati  hall  way  In  Vat|iMn.i  T  ;• 
with  ileptlis  III'  less  thill  I'tiiir  I'atlnims  in  plaees.  It  also  slmws  ilsell'  iieail\  I\mi  miles  \..  i, 
snniliwaiil  ill  it  pat  eh  nl  I'linl  ;:riinm|  niie  i|  nailer  )i|  a  mile  in  extent  w  itii  as  liiih'  as  t»el\e  \, ,  ,  i 
water  on  some  nt  the  rocks,  ami  ilejiths  ol  nine  I'athoms  on  the  onisiile  ami  six  to  ei;,'|ii  la  tin  mis  iii 
the  iiisitl(>.  Tilt'  depth  inside  the  whole  line  of  this  net' is  fioiii  emht  lallimns  to  four  fathoiii^,  Ihi' 
willi  a  ehannel  oiilv  one  ipi.irter  ol'  a  mile  w  iile  hel  \m  en  I  lie  III  lee  tal  liolii  em  \  es. 

This  I  eel',  \\  hii'li  I'm  HIS  sliili  a  ilan;;er  to  the  applu.ielies  of  (he  I  l\  el.  nevertheless  ser\  i-.  i.  ., 
natural  In  eali  water  airailist   the  in  ,i\  \    w  eslel  l\    si  as.  w  lilili  won  hi  ol  hel  uise    temler  the  li.it   in.'  !i 

more  ilillii'iill  to  pass  eM-ept  in  \ei\  sinooth  v\.itir. 

It  is  repoileil   thai    the   pilot  li'^    has   lieeii   aliie    to  eioss  the   liar  when  the  whole  in t  ;li 

reef,  from  the  ilelaeiieil   pali'li    to  the  soiithwaril,  aeross  the  eiitraiiee.  ami   as   l.ir  as  ihe  ihi  ..    .  i| 
lumps  lialf-wav  lo  Vaipiina  ruint.  Ii.is  lieeii  lireaKin;r  liaills  in  the  wesierl.\  swell. 

The  soillllern  p.irl  of  this  reef  is  the  roel»\    paleli.  alreail\    lelei  red  to.  III  one  ipiaili'l   lit    t  : 
s<|nare  and  having;  as  luile  as  iwehe  feet  of  «, Iter  iijioii  It.      It    Imaks  in  hea\\   weallier.     Ii     ., 

I  W<l  and  one  ei;;iitll  miles   sollth'soilthwesi   i.'s,SV\    ,  from    the    lii;;hest    pall  of  till'   Niillh   roiiii I 

otu>  mile  from  the  lieaeh  to  theeasiward  ot  it.     'i'lie  tliri  (■■fathom  passage  lietweeii  it  and  Ihelu.!.  h 
is  half  a  mile  w  nle.     There  is  a  depi  h  of  I  en  la  t  lion  is  elose  under  its  south  side,  nine  lathnms  i  I   ..- 


oil'  the  west 


and   I'liiir  to  live   fallinii 


IS  on    the   mil 


Ih.      Vessel 


s  can   \r.\- 


■\  VM  ('II  ii  aiiil 


soillllern  end  of  the  pi  imip.il  li.ll  liel,  liiit  slioiiid  Ueep  well  np  tow  aid  tli Her  lilioy  w  hull  In  i    . 

it.  Iieeaiise  there  is  as  liltl'.'  as  'liiie  .iiiil  a    hall   t.iihoms   in   one  or   two  spots  a  tulle  mou   '  i 
tlirei''i'i;:htlis  of  a  mile  south  ol'  the  liarriei. 

Tin    SI  III  111  end  III'  I  lie    pHlieipal    leel    m    liaillei.  w  ilh    only  thirteen  leet  of  watci,  lies  iiln    : 
south  tliiii.\  live  de;:iees  west  i  ."s.  .l."i     W'.,  from  the  Norlh  I'oiiil  of  the  enli.inee.  and  one  ami  ■    ■ 
third  miles  soiiili  sixty  two  dej;iics  w  est  |.S.  (IJ     \\.)  from  the  tla^z-statV  on  the  Sinilli  l'oinl,>»l     i, 
i.s  one  liiimlred  and   lifty  »'i;jht  feet  liiKh.     I'loin   this  south  end  the  direction  of  the  reef  is  ii.niii 
by  west   iN.  li\  W'.i  fill'  one  and  oiie  ipiai  ler   miles    in  it  straijihl.  narrow  line,  with  an  ouil\     .: 
twelve  feel  patch  oiieipiailei  of  a  mile  west  of  the  iiortli  end.     Throii;;li  the  iiortherii  part  ol  '<• 
harrier  a  \  cssel   mi;ilii  jiass  in  three  to  six   fat  hums  of  water,  lull  J  list    alireast  of  this  opening  ' '  ■ 
ehannel  inside  and  p.iiallel  with  the  shore  coiitiaets  lo  less  than  a  iiuarler  of  a  mile,  with  \'",i 

fathoms  tliroU;.'li  it,  luil  ii|il\  sivteeli  III  elexeli  leet  on  its  shore  side  to  nearly  alireast  the  Nii^'i 
point.  The  imi  tliel  nmost  part  of  this  leef,  in  seventeen  leet  of  W.iler.  lies  S('\('n('lt;htlls  of  .1  II, I, . 
north  sixiy('i;;hl  ile;:ii'es  west  (  N.  lis  W. ,  1 11  nil  the  Nm  Ih  roint  of  the  en  I  ranee  and  I  luce  ci;;!!!!,^ 
of  ii  mile  from  the  lire, ikers  .iloii;:  the  liroail.  low  lie.ieh.  This  sho.il  spot  lies  on  the  line  III  i!i 
Old  l.i;;lit  house  on  the  Norlli  roiiil  and  the  lla;:  slall  i  iieaeon  .\ )  on  the  knoll  of  the  South  l'>iiiil. 
liel  ween  tills  nortlierii  pan  III  the  liaiiiei  and  \  aipiina  I'liiiit  there  are  several  spots  ulnih 
have  less  than  four  fathoms  of  water  on  ihem,  liul  the  ;:eueral  depth  is  six  to  nine  fatlioms  ovn 
rocky  and  (.'lavelly  liolioin.  In  the  eaily  li.vdio;:iaphi('  examination  lietvveeii  the  JJeef  iii'l 
Vaipiiiia  I'oint  only  a  few  lines  of  souiidiii;;s  were  run.  and  spots  of  three  and  a  ipiarter  fatli(i."s 
were  found.  Init  lisheiineii  have  n  |iorted  thai  liioad  oil  the  shore,  and  hallvvav  lietweeii  the  Nmlli 
i'oiiil  of  the  entrance  and  \aipiiiia  rmnl,  they  had  lished  on  a  lai';;e  sunken  roi'k  iiuvii:^' kIi'v 
twenty  feel  ot  water  upon  it  at   lii-h  water. 

ter  IS  six  fathoms  over  .sandy  Itoltoiii,  w  ilh  liltii  n 
t'athoms  of  water  at  one  mile,  and  twenlv  live  fathoins  at  two  miles,  oV(>i'  sand  and  shells 


Immediately  oillside  the  leel  the  depth  o 


Inside  the  reef  there  appear  to  have  lieeii  some  >;reat  ehaiit;es  in  the  width  of  the  pa>s.»i;i' 
parallel  with  the  shore.  In  iMl.s  and  iMi!)  Ihe  three  lalhoni  line  outside  the  eiitiance  of  the  iivn 
was  altoul  live  hiiiidnd  and  lliirtv  .vaidseasi  ofthe  line  of  the  reef  or  Imrrier;  in  I.SSt)  it  was  m\ 


)i^ 


I-ACII  IC    HIAM'    III.OT. 


415 


liiii  iIm'  I  xiiiils  :iu,i,\  ;  anil  in  l^^s.*)  it  wiih  iiiiIv  fiMii'  liuiiiln-il  iinil  loit.v  \:it'<lH.  I'lilcss  tlit'if  is  a 
.ii.oic  liitiiial  t'liiioni  III  till'  iiiii'lliwaiil  iif  NiMilliwaiil  I'roiii  tin*  rixcr  ciidaiii'f  the  material 
iii.ii^lit  iMit  li.v  till-  livrr  iiiii.st  liaxra  litiiieiir.v  to  ^railiially  slmal  tlif  siiact;  lit-t\vi'«'.i  tlui  Miiorc 
,iIhI  till     li'fl. 

Till'  iiiaik  till'  till'  NDiitli  fiiil  III' till'  piiMri|>al  rct't'or  liarticr  is  tin-  Ontsiili'  Karliimy,  a  Itlack 
,  ,11,  l'iiii,\  lit' till' Ills!  riass,  l,\  in^  aliiiiit  niif  i|uart('r  nl' a  mill-  smitliwcst  i'lniii  it,  ainl  '•!,s('\vlii'i'e 
,],  >.  I  ilii'il.  Tins  |Mi.sii  lull  III  I  III'  liiiiiy  in  (III  tlif  liiii>  III'  till-  oil  I  'i;;lit  licacon  iin  tlin  Noilli  i'uiiit  ami 
ilii    -iilltli  i-liii  III  till'  li'i'l,  aliij  i>  I'Isiw  iii'ii-  iji'sri  ilifil. 

Till   I'.iitiiiiiii  to  till'  iiM'i   llirmiuli  till'  iiiitiT  ^alllI.s  lias  licrii  .siiliji'cl  to  (;rrat  rliaii;>('.s.     Soiiit>- 

■  >  ilir  I'liaiiiii'l  ran  iliirrlJN  M'.iwaiil ;  at  oiii'  titiit'  it  rail  I'loso  iiiiih-i-  ami  almi;;  tli"  sliorc  of  llio 

^.  :ili  I'liiiit,  anil  llirii  till'  ;i,ilrli  nl   ,siiiiKi'ii  lurks  ( l,\  in;;  mil' tliiiil  ol'  a  mill' olV  that  mIhiii- anil  one 

--I'lilli  III  till'  |iiiinl  I,  uliii'li  IS  iisiiallv   I'liviTi'il   ii|i  >\illi  .saiiil,  was   I'oiiinl  in  III*- iiiiiliili>  of  tin; 

iii'l.  Till'  liai  was  ii|iiiili'il  siiiiiotiM'.st  in  .liiiir,  Jiil.N.  anil  Aii;;iisi,  |ii'olialil,v  liccaii.si'  tli«- oiit- 
>  ■'.  rcrl'  InraUs  tlir  tnlri'  nl'  tlir  sVM'll  of  till'  I'arilif  llnlli  llic  West  liurlliwi'st.  Tin"  Vi'liH'ilV  of  tll« 
,  I, Mint  lirlwi'i'ii  till'  lirails,  wlii'ii  till' rliaiiiicl  ua.v  was  ri'siiirti'd  to  uni'tliiiil  tlii>  ili.stancc  across, 
I  It  III'  iicai  low  wali'i,  \\a.s  t'stiinatrtl  at  tl\c  or  mIx  inilcs  iicrlioiir;  a  wi'll  niaiiiiril  w lialc  lioat 
.  iiilil  not  |iiill  a;;ainst  it.  T'lir  ;;i'i'ati'st  ilrptli  of  tlit-  \taliT  was  llit-n  si.\  anil  tliii'i'  ijiiarti'is  fathoms. 
iii<  ilii  liar,  .It  till'  sanii'  liinr.   thi'  ili'|itli  was  nim-  or  ten  fret,  Iml  the  liotlom  was  M-r,v  iiif^^iilar. 

Ill  oiiliT  to  riitilrnl  llir  chaniu'l.  .iiiil  ;:ivr  tlif  inaMiiiiiiii  ilrjith  of  watrr  ii|miii  the  liar,  tlitt 
I.. 'Ml  iniriit  III  till'  I  nilril  Stall's  |msIm'<'|i  ran  \  ini;  out  a  pioji'rt  In  liiiilil  a  liriish  anil  stoiii', jetty  to 
'I,'  level  of  lii;:h  tiilr  almiil  lliiilri'ii  hiiiiilii'il  am)  thirl\  tliire  yanls  loiiK  on  t he  south  side  of  the 
.! '1,111. 'e,  to  rinse  ilii-  link  iilisi  i  mini  ch.inni'l  ami  fori'e  the  elili  a;;ainsi  the  reef  wliieli  strettdies 
li  111  till'  Nnrlli  I'l'il't.  Tins  was  eslinialeil  In  ;;i\e  a  eelitirl  lire  ehaniiel  nf  the  least  ilepth  of 
•  Im' feel.  In  jss.",  ijiis  |iii\  hail  ln'iii  i Aleiiileil  iieaiU  seven  ImiKJi'.'il  yards  from  the  South 
r. ml  Oil  a  .siiiilhwi'sl  eiiiMsc.  Iml  iinl  ,\el  oiil  In  the  line  of  llie  mean  shoies.     Tln'ie  were  then,  as 

II' the  Work,  I  wo  elianiii'ls ;   one  passin;;  In  the   mirtlivvest   and  one  In  the  smith  li,\  east.     In 

.Inlie,  |,H,S.">    Ihrre  ' 


a  depth  of  lull    nine  feet  mi   Ilie  liar,  wliieli  was  an  inerease  of  depth  over 
■  ■  natural  liar,  Iml  a  deeiease  frnin  Ilie  pieviniis  \iar.     In  the  spiiri;;  of  IS.'ST,  Iheie  was  repiirled 
Im' a  depth  of  ei;:liteeii  feet  on  the  liar  at  lii;.di  w  ater.  and  the  .-niith  ehaiinel  ran  nearly  straight 
il  III  the  Miiilliwest  ward. 

hiniili  llii  I'lilnniii  In  ihe  \ai|iiina  the  l>a\  i-Niamls  tn  inmethan  a  mile  in  width  for  two  and 
hall  null  s  when  the  livei  innpel  ilileis  nl  the  smillieasi  :ili;;le  with  a  width  nl'  six  hlimlied 
mis.  1 1  emiies  limn  the  east  iimllii  ast  Im  a  I  mil  I  Iweiilv  miles  in  a  st  rai;:lit  line;  its  head  wateis 
Minst    reaih  the    head  w  alel  s  of  I  lie  1 1  ilnilai  ies   In  Ihe    \\  illamelle  llivel.      .\s  seen  limn    .Mar.v's 


ik    in    I>>i7   llie    W  linle  ennilll  \     wllli 


h  the   livei  tiaveised,  and  tar  to  Ihe  iiiiithward  and  to  thu 


•  iilhwaid,  was  maiked  l>\   tmesis  Imineil  in  the  ^reat  forest  tiiViof  lMi>'. 

The  lia.v  exhiliils  iimie  than  Iwniliiids  its  area  as  liare  tiatsat  Inw  water;  Iml  a  gnoil  eliaiiiiel 
(leailv   maiked  ihimiKh   them,  so  that    vessels  alile  In  ern.ss  Ihe  liar  may  he  taken  lip  the  river. 
I  i.e  ehaniiel  is  well  maiked  liy  lillnxs. 

SiHIinit  is  the  name  of  Ihe  thiiMiiy  Inwn  situated  mi  the  inside  of  the  North  I'oinI;  it  is  tlio 
i    'It  III   elilrv    lor  Ihe  enlieetinn  dlsliiet    nl    Vaijlllli.i   liav.aiid    a  seaside  le.snrt  tin    people  from  tllO 


rmr.      Viniiuiiii   (  itji  is  sitnaled  mi   the 


ii"lit    liank  tliiee  miles  finin   the  eiitraiiee  and  at  the 


ith  of  the  liver  proper.     1 1  is  at  llif  til  mi  nils  nl  the  ()ri';inn 


I'aeitie  Itaili'oad,  seveiitytwu  miles 


•n;;th  lieni-e  In  Cmvallis  in  the  \\  illamelti 


vallev.     A    lai;;i' wharf  and  extensive   warehouses 


milt 


lele,  am 


I  the  steameis  load   and  dischaine  pa.-.senyirs  and   freight.     Oiislcn'illi;  oi\  {In 


111  liank  of  the  iivi'i,  is  live  and  a  half  miles  linin  the  eiitiame 
ii'ii  and  a  half  miles  I'rmii  the  sia. 


mil  Toliilo,  nil  the  same  bank. 


The  tiallie  In  \  aijiiilia  Hav 


is  maiiilN   ea 


•lied    in  steamers.     For  the  three  years  emiin;;   1S.S,'» 


le  hnmlieil  and  ninet.v  live  ve.ss.  Is  had  eiileied.     Oiienf  these  is  the  steamer  I'm/i/i/m  r////,  whieh 
iws  inmethan   iwihefeel  nf  water,  and   makes  ie;:nlar  trips  In  San  Kianei.s.'o.     In   1SS7  this 

sed.     Tlieie  were  then  thiee  steamers  making;- ii'snlir  trips  to 


ii:illie  had  lieeli  vei.v   lai;.'i'lv    ine: 

>iii  liaiieiseo,  and  /  tii^;  Imal  kept  pel  nianeiilly  enipln.ved  lor  pilot  serviee  nil  the  liar. 


Aiilx  tn  \iiriii<ttii>ii. — 'ihe  fnllnwili;;  ale 


the  aids  tn  navi;;ation  for  the  eiitranee  and  liay  of  the 


\  .iipiina.     It   miisl,  hnwever 


lie  nmlerstood  that  elmiiues  are  made  when  the  liar  ami  eliaiinels 


iii|;i',   and   nil  iikkv 


I  xhoiilil  intti-   irilhiiiit  II  pilol  having' a  tlimoiiKh  knowled^ie  of  the  bi«ldeii 


Ulcers. 


ytiiiiiiiia  lliiiils  liijlil  liiiiisi  on   Villi 


YiiiliiiiKt  /'()(«/.— i  Ills  light  is  for  the  approaehes  and  is  fully  de- 


ilied  on  pagi> 


ll!i.     This  light  is  sometimes  erroneously  designated  the  Caiiu  Foulweiither  Light. 


i^ 


^'■■,J|J 


41G 


TACIVIC   COAST   I'lLOT. 


n 


The  ]yhistUn!i  /.'«(i.i/.— Tins  isaii  atitoiiiiitiy  wliistliii},'  Itiio.v,  paiiitt'il  with  hhuk anil  irJilli  /.. ,, , ,/ 
dieuhir  sifiiir.s.     in    Ajdil,  ISS7,  it   was   iihiccd   (wo  mid   ii  <|iiailfi  iiiilcs  onlsidc  (if  Hi,,  tnh  m,.,. 

in  lilti-iMi  tailidiHs  ol'  watt-r.     From   tliis  liiiov  tin-  Va<|uiiia   lU'ads  Li;;lil  iioiisi'  licars  iiintl 

t'ifilitli  west  (N.  i  \V.),  distant  lour  and  tlnvr  iinartt-r  inilt-s;  tlii' Old  l,i;;lii  ncai'on  on  il^'  N.-ni, 
Point  nortlicast  hall'  nortli  (NIv.  .\  N.).  di.-tant  two  and  a  tliiiil  niilts,  and  tlir  <  nl>idi>  Hii  |:\,,ii 
noitliiMst  tlitct' cijilitlis  I'ast  (SV..  i|  I'].),  distant  onv  and  tliii'i"  sixtctntli  iniU's.  It  ina.v  lie  liii  im 
citlu'i  hand  in  cntciiii^.     In  August,  1>SS7,  it  was  in  llu>  same  |Hisitioii. 

It  now  lies  two  and  tlin'c  tfiiths  iniU's  sonfhwcsi  tl'ict'  tinaitiTs  west  Iroin  liracori  ('. 

.'/'/((■  Uiil-sidc  lliir  l!ii(  11. — This  is  a //*'.</  (7((.v.s  ckn  liiinji,  intiiitnl  liliuh  (imt  numhitcil  \.  It  wa-^  ui- 
liU'il.N  one  and  one  tilth  miles  south  seventy  <leyit'es  west  (S.  7<i^  \V.)  I'loi'i  the  outer  end  ol'  thi'  |.  ii\ 
on  the  south  side  of  tli.'  entranee  to  the  Yaiinina  Kixer,  iint  has  recently  lieen  moxed  to  a  |iii^.   ..i, 

tlireet|nartersol'a  mile  sonth  seventy -live  tle^ices  thirty  six  minutes  west  (S.  7")^  .'i(i'  W.)  ^ti  in r, 

the  outer  t'lid  ol'  the  jetty.     (Aiiyiist,  l,SS!>.  di'|ptli  of  water  and  ehaiaeter  ol'  bottom  not  .vlali  .i 

It  is  oiieei;;hth  of  a  mile  south  I'loin  the  south  end  ol'  the  reef. 

From  this  Imoy  the  Yai|iiiiia   Heads   I.i<;'lit-li(>iise   hears   north  by  west  one  fourth  west    \    n, 
AV.  ]  W.i,  distant   toiir  and  one  sixteenth  miles;    tlie(t!d   I.i^ht  lieaeini  on  the  North  I'tpinI   ii.i!li 
tliirt,\  de;;rei'S  east  (N.  .'!(•     F.),  distant  one  and   onennarter  miles;    the    Kla;;  stall'  on   the   S.  : 
I'oint  liilloek  (liiiown  as  I'leaeon  A)  north  til'ty  six  def^rees  east  (N.  ."iti     I'.),  distant  one  and  ii    .. 
eijilitlis  miles;  and  the  liarlmoy  nurtheast  one^iiiarter  east  (NK.  \  !■].),  distant  a  little  les>     i  i 
one  mile. 

This  places  tlii>  Inioy  one-(|iiarier  «d' a  mile  outside  the  three  fathom  line.  In  1SS(!  the  !i;ii 
and  channel  lay  on  the  line  to  the  IMajj-stalf  on  the  South  I'oint  Knoll. 

riic  !Uir  lUioji. — This  is  a  thinlclaHx  ninliiio)/,  paiiittil  hltick  inul  iiiiml>v>i<l  ',\.  It  is  pi. in  I 
inside  the  bar  in  three  faihons  of  water  over  hard  sandy  bottom.  To  the  northwest  of  this  i.ii,., 
are  the  rocks  awash  at  low  wat»'r  which  mark  the  extremity  of  the  reef  reachin;j  from  the  N^    il, 

Point.     The  imoy  lies  nearly  one('i;;htli  mile  broad  t>H' the  northwest  face  of  the  Jetty,  and  :\ 

abreast  the  seaward  end. 

From   this   buoy   the  followiii};  beariiijjs  and  distances  are  }:iven  :  Old   I.i^lit  Immchii  ■'•,  :  i  > 
Nortli   Point   bears  north   by  west  (N.   by    \V.>.  distant  iii-arly  half  a  mile  ;  the   I'la;;  >i;ill  n 
South  Point    I'.cicon  A)  ea.-t  by  north  [K.  by  N.).  ilistant  half  a  mile;   Ped  l!no>   No.  'J,  iniiti..  , 
by  iioith  one  h. ill  north  (N  I.,  by  N.  .\  N.),  distant  onehalf  of  a  mile.     Pi'd  IJiioy  nuiiibercd  '■J  L  "ii" 
site  Newport  north  b\  t-ast  one  half  ea.sl  (N.  by   i;.  .^  i:      distant  a  trilleover  live  eij;hths  ol  .1 

iHil  l.iiiht  Ihinitn. — This  is  the  old  linht  house  sii  iicinre  on  the  North  Point  of  ihr  iim 
to  Vat  pi  ilia  May  anil  consists  of  a  tower  risin;;  from  a  dwell  in;;,  both  painted  w  hitc.  The  sii  1  >  i 
stands  one  Iniiidied  and  twt'iity-ei;;lit  feet  above  the  sea.  The  li^ilit  has  been  discoiitinih  il.  i  . 
{luojiraphic'al  jHisiiioii  of  this  old  l,i;;ht  house  has  a  ready  been  ;;iveii  (pa;;e  ll-i);  from  1;  '. 
YM(|iiina  Heads  l.i;;ht  house  bears  north  twenty  nine  de^rrees  wt'st  (N.  1,'iP  W.),  distant  thin'  ;  J 
oneipiaitcr  miles;  and  Cape  Perpetna  bears  south  fourteen  deyjrees  east  (S.  Il  K.),  di-'.n,; 
twenty  ainl  oiie-si\tli  miles. 

Hiiivfiii  .1. —  This  IS  a  irliitciiyniniiil  siirmoniited  by  a  Ha;:  stalVainl  located  on  the  iii;;lic-' 
of  the   knoll    near   the   extremity  of  the   South    Point.     This   beacon  has  been  referred  !o  .1      '.■ 
I'Ma;;  stall   on  the  Soiilh   Point.     It  is  one  iiniMliedand   titty  ei;;hl    leet   abo\  e  the  sea.  and    ■■ 
south  sixtysevcn  de;;rceseast  (.S.fi7-  10. ).  distant  liveei;;liths  of  a  mile  from  the  Old  l,i;,'lit  I'm    . 
un  the  North   Point. 

This  I'.eacon  is  used  to  form  ran^'es  with  Iteacons  I!  and  I'  to  locate  the  soiithein  limit  '•: 
reef  rnnnin;;  from  the  North  Point,  and   the  rocks,  now  in  the  sand,  but  which  were  at  oih   ' 
in  the  south  clianiiel  close  under  the  south  beach.     I'loin  this  licacon  .\  the  lleaeoii  Ii  brai^ 
oiie-ei;;htli  south  '  W.  1  S. ),  disltint  tliife  hniidred  and  lilty  yards  ;  and  Iteacoii  ('  bears  soiitli  ^' 
oneci;:iith  west  (SW.  !    W.).  ilistant  li\  e  hundred  yards. 

Hiiitnii  I:. — This  is  a    irliltt  jiiiniiiiiil  inside   the  beach   lieai    the   inner  end  of  the  jett\ .  .1:  ■ 
forms  a  iaii;;e  with  Kcaciui    .\   to  note  the  southern  en  I  of  the  rocky  reef  iiiakin;:  out  south  > 
from    the   ciiil   of  the   Noiih    Point.      From    this    lii'in    11    licacon    A    bears  east   one  ei;:lilli  i' 
(F.  [  N.). distant  tiiicc  hundred  and  lifty  yards;  and  licacon  ('  bears  \ery  neatly  .south  (S.),di     1  1 
about  three  hiimlrcd  \ards. 

Ikiiiiiii  ('. —  This  is  a  irliilt  iijirttiiiid  inside  the  sand  beach,  and  forms  a  ran;;e  with  IJcaci      \ 
to  note  the  |iositloli  of  the  rocks  oil    the  south  be.ieh  which  ale  now    well  inside   the   six  feel  < 
at  low  water,  lint  which  wt-re  at  one  time  in  the  channel  when  il  ran  elo.se  under  the  south  li>  <    ' 


I'ACIKIC    COAST    IMLOT. 


417 


( r<(!H-Vi«>).    This  honcnn  Im  flv(>  liiiiHln'tl  .vanls  Kout Invest  onociglifli  west  (S\V.  >  W.)  from  Bea- 

I  Mil  A. 

A  (Itiy  hencon  lias  hecn  plaretl  on  tlio  outer  t-iid  of  tlio  Ji'tty  at  tin-  .south  siilc  of  tho  cutrancn 
i(.  llu'  liay. 

Tlir  Xctrport  liitoy. — Tliis  is  a  thintrlniiH  nunhuny,  paintci}  red  and  numltcnd  2i.  It  is  placed 
11  twiMity  ft'ct  of  watiT  near  the  sand  tiat  on  the  east  or  starboard  side  of  the  main  ship  channel 
M|i|iosite  Newport.  The  channel  here  follows  under  the  northwest  shore  of  the  bay  and  curves 
K  luid  to  the  northeast,  east,  and  southeast  with  it.  Abreast  of  this  buoy  the  channel  is  about 
,  i!c  hundre<l  and  fifty  yaids  wide  betwei-n  the  three  tatlioiii  curves,  and  has  five  fat hoins  of  water 
;:i  il.  About  two  hundietl  yards  beyond  this  buoy,  and  directly  opposite  the  main  part  of  the  town 
,1  Newport,  a  brt)ad  channel  with  only  eiijlit  or  nine  feet  of  water  in  it  in  some  places  branches 
(  ;i  to  the  eastward  and  runs  throufsh  the  iiiidille  of  the  bay  for  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  when  it 
i^.iinjoins  the  main  channel. 

The  red  hiioy  niinilu  red  2i  has  been  placed  in  the  position  half  a  mile  ((Uie  thousand  and  uiaety 
v.irds)  muth  three  »'iKhtlis  west  (N.  .;  \V.)  froiii  ISeacon  H. 

From  the  Newport  Uiioy  we  have  the  foliowjiit;  bearin^js  and  distances:  Heacon  li  bears 
-i.iilh  live  eighths  east  (S.  i  K.),  distant  half  a  mile;  lieacoii  A  or  FlajistalV,  southeast  by  south 
liiif  south  (SE.  by  S.  J  S.),  distant  almost  half  a  mile;  and  Point  Virtue,  the  farthest  point  oil 
the  south  shore  and  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  hi^h,  bears  east  by  soiith  one  i|uarter  south  (E. 
l<\  S.  I  S.),  distant  one  and  one  third  miles. 

liuiiy  im  the  north  eiirre  of  the  Middle  Sanils. — This  is  a  yi»*7(7((.'(.s  spitrliKoy,  piiinted  red  and 
lui inhered  -i.  It  is  i)laced  in  nineteen  feet  of  water  on  the  south  or  starboard  side  of  the  main 
sliip chaiiiu*!  at  the  turn,  and  marks  the  iKU'thcniiiiost  point  of  the  iniddlc-;:i'ound  between  tho 
two  channels.  Abreast  of  this  buoy  the  channel  is  only  about  llfty  ,\ards  between  the  tliree- 
r.iiliom  curves,  and  has  from  three  and  a  half  to  four  and  three  (piartcis  fathoms  of  water  in  it, 
livond  this  buoy  the  flats  extend  from  the  north  shore  about  one  hundred  and  tifty  yards  to  the 
ii|;;('  of  the  channel. 

From  this  buoy  Point  Virtue  bears  southeast  b,\  east  onecijihth  east  (SE.  by  E.  i  E.),  distant 

I and  one  third  miles;  and  Heacon  .V,  or  Flaj:  statV,  bears  south  half  east  (S.  A  E.),  distant  a 

I  tile  more  than  tlire«'  iiuarti'is  of  a  mile. 

lliioy  on  the  Surthnist  xide  of  the  Middle  Sunds. — This  is  a  IhinI  rhiss  nun-buoy,  painted  red  and 
iiiimliered  (>.  It  is  placed  in  (iileeii  feet  of  water  on  llie  southwest  or  starboard  side  of  the  main 
hipchaniK'l,  and  niaiks  the  northeast  edtre  of  the  middle  sands.  I'or  the  deepest  water,  three 
i  iilioms  at  low  water,  in  the  channel  abreast  of  this  buoy,  it  .should  be  I  S't  on  the  starboard  hand 
iWoiit  one  hundred  \ards  in  jiassiiifj  it.  Iicyond  this  luioy  for  almost  half  a  mile  the  channel 
-iutals  to  seventeen  and  sixteen  feet  at  low  water  until  the  Jiinctioii  of  the  middle  channel  runniiifi' 
ilircct  from  Newport,  when  it  a^ain  deepens  to  three  and  a  half  and  four  fathoms  to  the  next 
•  liny.  The  channel  from  abrca>t  this  buoy  to  abreast  the  next  buoy  runs  thioii},di  the  middle  of 
I Ateiisive  Hats  (Ui  both  sides  str,ii};ht  southeast  by  east  three  ipiarters  east  (SE.  by  E.  ■/  E.)  for 
nil'  and  one-sixth  miles. 

From  this  buoy  Point  Virtue  bears  .southeast  half  »ast  (SE.  S  E.)  distant  one  mile;  and 
I'.i  aeon  .\,  or  Flan  stall,  .snuth-.sonthwest  (^^^^'i  <listaiit  three  (iiiaiters  of  a  mile. 

lUioti  o()'  Coqiiille  I'oiiit. — This  is  a  limlrinss  sjiite  hiti'i/,  pniiiiid  hltiek  tuul  niimhered  Tt.  It  is 
iMieed  on  the  iiiutheast  or  port  side  of  the  eliannel,  ami  marks  the  cdj^e  of  the  Hats  rcachinj,'  «uit 
iioiii  ("o(|uilh'  Point,  .\brcast  of  this  buoy  the  channel  is  abinit  two  hundred  yards  wide  between 
;lie  threefathom  curves,  and  has  live  and  a  (|uarler  falhoms  in  it. 

From  this  buoy  Point  Virtue  is  almost  in  ran},'e  with  neacoii  A  or  Fhi};  stall' and  bears  west 
I  ,ilf  south  (W.  .\  S.),  distant  live  ei;,'litlis  of  a  mile;  and  the  old  I.i^ht  IJeacon  (Ui  the  North  Point 
li.ais  west  one  eijihth  north  { W.  i  N.),  distant  two  and  ii  <|i"arter  miles. 

I'lcycMiil  this  buoy  the  cliainu  '.  narrows  slightly  and  has  a  inaximuiii  depth  of  live  and  tbree- 
Muarters  fathoms  over  hard  .sandy  bottom. 

SAILINO    DlltKCTlONS    I'oK   Ari'ROACIIINli    VAi.'lINA    IMVKK    KNTllANf'E. 

Vessels  coming  from   the  southward  should  lirst  make  ("ape  Perpetiia,  twenty  miles  to  the 

i.ulhward  of  the  mouth  of  the  Va(iuina.     Cape  Perpetiia  may  be  readily  recogni/ed  by  its  broad 

(iceaii  front,  high  broken  .•litis,  and   higher,   Ibivst  covered   heads.    The  Light  on  VaMuina  Point 

will  not  be  visible  from  a  height  of  twenty  feet  until  a  ves.sel  is  within  lifteen  and  a  half  miles  of 

17241  V  0 27 


i 


il 


t 


I 


418 


I'ACII-'ir    COAST    l'IU)T. 


J'K 


tlM<  Kiitnuici',  or  just  before  tlioinontli  of  tlii'  AIm'.vu  |{ivt«r  is  aheaiti.  In  clear  weatlu'r  the  sIkdv 
mu.v  lu'  ai>i>roac-lit>(l  witliin  a  iiiih'  in  ten  fatlioni.s  of  water.  Approaeliin;;  tin'  river  keep  tun  ni,. 
of  the  soutliern  detaelieO  part  of  the  Yaquina  Heel  at  least  one  I  hi  rd  of  a  mile,  with  the  wliisiim  . 
buoy  alukiit  one  third  of  a  mile  to  the  northwest,  and  then  steer  for  the  Onter  ISnoy  whicji  li, .  ,,ii 
Ihesoathern  emt  of  the  i)rineipal  part  of  the  reef.  If  this  Outer  Har  buoy  should  beshiriMl  i^ 
storms,  as  oeeasionally  has  happene«l,  the  ^Vhistlin;;  liiniy  is  to  be  taken  as  the  j^uide.  'I'li. mr 
the  t'onrsi's  are  ;,'overn»'d  by  the  buoys  and  beae«)ns  already  deseribcd.  Sailin;;  vessels  shuuM  p  iv, 
••lose  to  the  Outer  Ibioy  iu  oidinary  summer  wiiuls,  Irom  northwest  or  west-iiorlhwL'st,  so  :i>  i,, 
hold  their  eours*-  without  taekiuft. 

X'i'ssels  eouiiu};  from  the  northward  can  safely  pass  Ya(|uiiia  Point  within  a  mile  in  liihiii 
fathoms  of  water,  and  then  st«>(  r  southetust  by  scnitli  half  s.uilh  (Slv  by  S.  .\  H.)  for  tour  iiiili'.  in 
the  Outer  Huoy. 

I'lesitlcs  the  landfall  of  Mary's  Teak,  already  described,  there  is  the  lower  peak  of  Klk  M.iiini 
nin,  around  the  base  of  wliieh  the  Vaijuina  Itiver  winds;  it  is  thirteen  miles  east  by  north  i  Iv.  'i\ 
N.)  from  the  Vaqiiina  Heads  I.i^ht  on  Vaipiina  Point. 

Tides. — The  Corrected  Ilstablishment,  or  mean  interval  between  the  times  of  the  Mncn, 
meridian  transit  ami  the  tim«>  of  hi;<h  water,  is  MP'  ()<)'".  The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tidiv  is 
six  and  one  tenth  feet.  At  full  and  clian};e  of  the  Moon  the  hi|;h  waters  will  be  oiu'  foot  liulm 
than  the  avera}:e,  and  the  low  waters  six  tenths  of  a  foot  lower.  At  the  Moon's  (irst  ami  l,isi 
ipiarters  the  liij;h  waters  will  be  one  foot  lower  than  the  averaj;e.  and  the  low  waters  will  inn  i  ill 
so  low  by  sixteiilhs  of  u  foot. 

To  lind  the  time  and  height  of  every  hijjh  and  low  water  throughout  the  year  at  Newpon  i.ikc 

from  the  Pacilii;  Tide  Tables,  published  annually  iu  advance  by  the  [' .  S.  Coast  and  (i liii, 

Survey,  the  time  and  hei};lit  for  Astoria  and  then  for  the  time  of  hi^h  water  at  Newport  siil>ti  Kt 
(>''  I.')'"  from  the  ;;iven  tinn',  and  for  the  height  subtract  two  tenths  of  a  foot  from  the  ^iveu  ili'inh: 
for  thetime  of  low  water  at  Newport  subtract  0''  l.">'",  and  for  the  heifilit  subtract  threeteiiih-^  ni  ,i 
foot.  At  Oysterville  the  lii^ih  waters  occur  Iweiitytive  minutes  later  than  at  Newport,  ami  iIk 
low  waters  thirty-live  minut->s  later;  the  heij^hts  are  the  same  as  at  Newport. 

THE  YAQUINA  HKADS,    OR    YAQUINA  POINT. 

This  double  headed   point    lies  three  and   three  tenths  miles  north   thirty four  dearer- v\r>i 

(N.  ;tl     \V.)  Ironi  the  North  Point  of  the  Vaipiina.     It  makes  sipiarely  out  about  one  mile  t i  Mk' 

;;eueial  direction  of  the  shore  lim,  but  on  account  of  ihe^reater  hei};i|t  and  project  Inn  oi  (  >ir 
Foulweather  to  the  north\\ard,  it  is  not  seen  a.s  a  prominent  headland  except  to  vess*!-  >  Iu.,' 
in>iliore.  The  shore  fioiu  the  entraiue  of  the  Va<piina  liiver  is  a  line  of  broken,  yellow  rliil-. 
princip:dly  biudercd  by  abioad,  low -water  sand  beach,  and  in  the  nttrtliern  half  by  a  u:iri'<n\  >,ti!il 
beach  at  the  base  of  the  libilfs  at  hij.;h  wat«-r,  but  this  beach  ends  abruptly  at  the  nortlx  ;i  :>  n 
auLCle  of  the  cove  under  the  ilea<ls.  Near  the  soutliern  end  of  the  liijih  watei'  sand  beach.  :ili.iii: 
miilway  lielweeii  the  No'tli  Point  of  the  Vai|uiiia  Itiver  and  Va<piina  Heads,  iliere  is  a  miimII 
cas(-aiie  over  the  ed;:e  of  the  bluff  where  it  is  about  one  hundred  feet  hi^h.  The  land  beliiml  iliis 
shore  rises  to  two  liiindreil  feet  within  a  i|uarler  of  a  mile  and  is  covered  with  forests.  I'liiiini 
inland  the  country  rises  to  lii^li  hills  coveretl  principally  with  dead  trunks  of  the  burned  foiisi. 

Tlie  .southern  shore  line  of  the  point  lies  about  west  .southwest  and  east-northeast  and  i-'  *in 
roujjh  ami  incky  except  at  the  inner  part.  Tin- extremit;  is  coiiipaiatively  low,  reaching  ei:;iii> 
feet  at  the  M;:lit-house.  It  is  broken  an*l  very  rocky,  but  the  dan^^ers  immediately  outside  ol  ii 
.tre  not  far  oil'.  On  the  north  side  of  the  point  the  el itfs  recede  to  the  east  fur  seven  hiimli''! 
yards,  and  then  sweep  to  the  north  as  a  hi^lii  broken  shore  based  with  sand  and  a  narrow  .liil 
ln'ach  at  low  water.  The  narrowest  part  of  the  point,  ineludin;;  the  llrst  head,  is  less  tlmn  '"in 
linndred  yards  wide  niu'tli  and  south. 

Tin;  two  "lleadH,"  the  distin^'uishiii);  feature  of  tlii.s  point,  are  two  cone-shaped  hills  l\  iii;: 
ea.st  by  north  ami  west  by  south  from  <-ach  other,  or  nearly  jiarallel  with  the  south  shore  <ii  tin' 
jioint.  They  are  ^rass  cover*'d,  which  is  a  pe(ruliar  feature  on  this  part  of  the  coast.  The  I'lHii 
one  is  three  Inindreil  and  sixty  leet  above  the  .sea,  and  four  hundred  ami  sixty  yards  hIiiihsI 
directly  east  from  the  Lit;lit-hou.se. 

The  .second  head  is  four  hundred  and  seven  feet  in  elevation  ami  eleven  hundretl  ami  i<  n 
yards  eastward  of  the  Lij;ht-house.  The  narrow  saddle  between  them  is  two  hundred  feel  .iImu' 
the  sea,  but  iifi  seen  from  the  Houthward  iloes  not  appear  .so  deiire.ssed.     Inside  of  the  secomi  I"  ad 


,;^^^' 


T  tin-  nImHV 
H'  WlllMiiii^ 

liicli  III  V  (111' 

'  Sllirir.l  1,\ 
If.     'riiniiT 

■illllllM    |l,|-,> 

JSt,  S(i  :iN  til 

!<>  ill  lil'iitii 
Mir  iiiili'x  lu 

Ivlk  Mdiiiil 
iiitli  (10.  !n 

the  Miioii', 
the  tides  iv 
I'iKit  liuhi'i 

I'.sl  Mini  |,|v| 
tVill  Mill   hill 

•\v|«(rt  lake 

(I  (iciPilillc 
)l't  Slllltl.Kt 
ivi'll  ilcplli; 
■ti'iitli-idi  a 
lit,  and  till- 


ill'  iVoiii  ijii' 

(111  Ol    I  -llir 
I'SScN    rl.isc 

I'lliiw   clill's, 

iirniw  >aiiil 
orlin'a.'-iiiM 
I'iudi.  aliiiiit 
I'  is  a  siiiaii 
licllillil  lliis 
■<.  I''lilllii-I 
I'd  I'lir.si. 
and  Is  Ml) 
lllij:  t'l;;lil> 
lll.sldr  III  ll 
'11  liiiiiilri'il 
ariii"  s.uiii 
<.s  tliaii  iiiiii 


;  '8 


llills  Imii;: 
liorc  111  llii' 

The  uiilcl 
rdn  aliiiiist 


red  and  ii'ii 
I  feet  alMAC 
CCOIld  inild 


..*•> 


,-.  '->^:^*v,,„ 


,.'-*"■  •'■•■■• 


Old  LiKhthouBc,  gouth  I'oint,  15M  faet 

Nurtli  roiiil,  1'ji;  fi'd.  V.ii|iiinDa  Bay 


./■if-,-'- "'•; 


..•i*>h.. 


'jy 


.,/■• 


i-r     ' 


Cttjiv  FmilwHttthor,  N.ltyW.U  miles.  3f)()  feot.  407  feet. 

^iMiiiiiiim  llind  l.iglit-houso.N.  i  W  , -uiiles. 


lirOl'Il  u|(l|ll>N. 


4y.  V, 


-*•-,,      .      »^~ut.^..^^ 


h'l'll  .spot.  (Jl'IM'M  s!i      OB. 

('ii|>i'  F'oiihvivitbi'i,  SH.  tiv  r,.  •   ;.,  l.'i  inili'H. 


MountBin  very  diRtant. 
Yaquiiina  Hi^ad,  .'<K.  i  K..20iniU>s. 


ii]^"i 


i;  ;  Ti' 


•  I 


Jir   IiIIkI 
\V..li|.  IIS 

III.   |Miiii 
lii;li"'sl 

l.ii;  lilt' 
.hii'cll.v 
,1,11^.  Ill 
-CI  is  St 
liuii  lilt' 
liiMiilrnI 

i|i,,ll  tlT 
ihi'  |iiiill 
Am 
-..iiiiiiliii; 

~in|||llill 

l,iih(ilii>i 
v\  liicl'  is 
!i\   west 

..,iil,\  h 
Linaii  III 

III  ; 

I  liiniliii 

|.i  wiirr;i 

Miitlirr. 

ii'|i()i'tt'(l 

Im'hcIi. 

ijiiiiitfr  ( 

i.-iil;ir 

I  .ili.sj.stil 
l.l>S  III!'  1 


Tlii> 
\  ji|iiiii:i 
riic  Mill 
ilciiiic  |i:i 
i.n'pfl's 
i'.i>t\\nn 
The  li 
III  siitiii 

ImiIv  S(" 

Xllllll  ill 
IS  <lll(>  ll 
nC  Wt'illl 


Tin 

Siirvi'V 


Th« 


I'ACII'IC   (•(•AST    I'lI.OT.  419 

,|i,  l;mil  ftillM  sliiirply  fo  (iiic  Ininilrrtl  iiii<l  liMty  fn-i,  Iml  tins  »l(|irt's,si.(ii  doi-s  not  sliow  from  sea- 
u.ii.l.  us  ilif  |ioinl  is  iHoinMi'il  on  tin-  lii^jlicr  land  lic.vonil.  At  ono  niilf  I'loni  tin-  point  tlH'},'rasH- 
ciMii'd  land  is  clianucd  to  u  drnsc  lir  lon-Nt,  and  tlio  liiJIs  ris»i  i!i|iidl,v.  Kroni  the  sontli  by  oast 
il,<  {Miiiii  and  the  heads  art-  seen  wfJl  inside  tlic  projeciion  of  Cape  {'onlwcatliiT  and  undoi- its 
lii.'liesi  slioulder. 

/'(((((/( /v(.— Close  under  tin-  roekv  elitl's  ol'tlie  point  lie  several  xniall  \  isjlile  ami  sunken  rocks, 
l.iit  lliere  are  no  known  outl\iiit;  dangers  except  liie  Inllowin;;:  The  lirst  may  l)e  considered 
ihicclly  conn.'cled  wilh  the  nnrlhwol  pait  of  the  point.  It  is  a  small  rock,  nearly  as  lii;;li  as  t  'e 
.  I, IN.  three  hnndred  and  litly  \ai(ls  northwest  half  west  from  the  Li;,'ht -house.  The  second  daK- 
^'(1  is  a  patch  of  Hittilcvii  niihx  just  half  a  mile  northwest  l»y  north  half  north  (N'W.  liy  N.  A  N.) 
iMiii  llie  l.iK'ithousc.  The  third  dan;rer  is  a  Ied;;e  in  pari  visihle,  in  part  suuLcii  ;  it  is  about  two 
jiiMKlrcd  yards  in  len^'th,  iiorlhea>l  and  siiuthwcsi,  and  lies  nearl\  one  mile  north  by  west  one- 
ijuailer  west  (N.  by  W.  \  \V.)  from  the  l,i;;lit  house.     The.so  dangers  are  all  on  the  north  side  of 

lIlC    |M)lllt. 

.lm7((07(//(.— The  liydroj;rapliy  has  not  been  executed  around  and  "If  the  i»oint,  but  a  few 
s..iiiidlii;;s  lia\-e  been  made  under  the  point  to  indicate  where  anch(uat,'e  may  be  had.  Thesti 
-uiuidlnj;,s  .show  irre;;ular  bottom  iimler  the  south  face  of  the  point,  but  theie  is  a  depth  of  niiio 
iiihiuns  as  far  out  as  the  extremity  of  the  point,  dicrcasin;;  to  lour  fathoms  at  the  aiu'li'tra^e, 
uliicli  is  three  hundred  and  lilty  .sards  olf  the  south  clilVs  when  the  l,i;:lithouse  bears  ncuthwest 
\i\  west  half  west  (NW.  by  W.  \  \V.).  distant  two  thirds  of  a  mile,  and  the  mm-r  head  bears  north 
ii\  cast  (N.  by  I'..),  distant  a  little  le.ss  than  half  a  mile.  The  clills  to  the  ea.st  are  distant  very 
'  <  iilv  half  a  mile;  ami  the  three  fathom  llm^  lies  four  hundred  yards  to  the  eastward,  with  a 
liioad  line  of  breakers  on  the  llUl;,^  slopin;;,  sandy  beach. 

In  .Vu^iisl,  IS,"i;{,  the  astioi lical    party  of  the  Coast    Survey  was  very  desirous  of  ell'eeting 

I  landin;;'  on  or  m-ar  thixeape,  but  with  a  stron<;  northwest  wimi  the  sea  was  rolliii};  in  too  heavily 
III  warrant  the  attempt.  Theie  was  no  appearance  of  a  landing;  exccjit  in  remarkalily  smooth 
'\catlier.  This  opinion  was  \ ciilicd  by  the  party  who  subseipiciitly  tmide  the  examination,  and 
hported  that  boat  lamliu}:  may  somctiuu-s  be  had  on  the  south  face  of  the  rocks,  but  never  on  tho 
lirach.  The  materials  lor  the  l.iuht  house  were  lamled  (ui  the  south  face  of  the  point  about  a 
liiiaiter  of  a  mile  to  the  wi'st ward  of  the  emi  of  the  low-water  sand  beach.  At,  a  later  date  a 
ii-t;ular  landiiif;  jdace  was  constructed  nean'r  the  end  of  the  iiolnl  fur  suppl\  '\w^  the  I.ij;hl  hoii.se, 
1  .insist  iiij.':  of  a  chute  and  sli'iis  leading;  from  the  clilf  dowti  to  the  rocky  beach  below,  and  a  wiml- 
l.iss  for  hoisting. 

Till',    I.KillTlliMSI-;    AT    VAljllNA    III'.ADS. 

This  is  a  primai'y  .sea-coast  l.i^ht.  The  tower  is  very  close  to  the  clills  at  the  extremity  of 
\a(iuiiia  Toint.  Outside  of  it  there  ar"  locks  lor  three  hundred  ami  fifty  yards  to  the  muthwest. 
I  he  slinclure  is  the  (iiistiim  of  a  cone,  painted  while,  surmoniited  with  the  lantt-rn,  parapet,  and 
ilimie  painted  black.  The  base  of  the  tower  is  eijxhty  (me  feel  abo\e  the  level  of  tin*  .sea.  The 
i.ceper's  (hvelliii;;,  a  two  sl(U\  wooden  buildill^^  painted  white,  is  situated  twenty-tive.  yard.s  to  the 
cot  ward  of  the  tower. 

Th((  li;;ht  is  nji.inl  irhitr  liijlit  of  the  lirst  order  of  the  .system  of  Kresnel,  and  .shows  from  .sunset 
to  snnri.se.  It  was  liist  exhibited  on  the  "-Mith  of  August,  1S7;?.  It  illuniinafe.s  two  hundred  and 
haty  .seven  and  a  half  (lcj;rccs  of  the  h(ui/,on,  from  .southeast  by  east  (SK.  by  K.),  throiij^h  tho 
-dUlh  and  west  to  north  liy  west  one  cpiai  ter  west  (N.  by  W.  \  W.).  The  heij;lit  of  the  focal  piano 
IS  one  hundred  and  sixtyone  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  under  favorable  eireuuistances 
nl  weather  the  lijjht  should  be  .seen  from  a  heiglit  of— 

111  t'oi't  at,  i»  <li,siiiiiPi>  111'  l.'i.l  iiiiloN. 

yil  feet  III  a  ilislan >(  I'.i.t'.  miles.                                                                     , 

no  IVi't  lit  a  (listaiiio  nl'  'Jd.-'  iiilloH. 

(!0  tVot  III  a  (listaiM  T  i>l'  •-':!. ."i  mill's. 

The  fjeo^rraiihicsil  position  of  the  Liijht-housc,  as  tlctermiuotl  by  the  V.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey  in  l.S.S.'i,  is: 

l.atiiml,. 11      HI'    :!.".' .'-J  iiiirtli. 

l.nnKitml.- I'-^t     <"'    1''"  w'Nt- 

Or,  in  I  Inn- -■''  1''"'  !'•''•'>• 

The  maKuetit!  variathm,  observed  in  May,  is.s,".,  wa.s20^'>r  i:a.st,with  an  annual  increase  of  I'.C. 


\m 


I  ,• 
f 


;{  A 


i.' 


HBn, 


i , 


IJO  I'Aciiii'  (KAsr  ni,(»T. 

Ill  till'  piililisliiMl  list  of  till'  |j;:lit  lloiisf  IWiarii  iIijm  li^jit  in  il('si;;natei)  <'ii)H>  riiiilv\i'iiii,.| 
(Vai|iiina  lliail). 

I'liiiii  tlii>  l.i};lit  lioiisf  we  liiivi-  tin-  ti>l!ii\NiiiM  (M-ariii^N  an*l  ilislain'i-s  t(i])riiiiiiiiciit  nltiiii.-.: 

(.11. Iiinl  l.inlit  liniiii' S.  I'J  Iv  ll'.'t  inili'M. 

Cipi'  (ilium  >    l.l;:llt   llolINC S.  1:1  I'..  ^IJ  lllilri. 

I  iii|H|ii.ili    HiviT  H.  1:1  r.  :<<.l\  iiiili'N. 

(  :i|.i  r.  i|iitim    S  I-  r,  •,':!  mill'). 

('ii|if  l'iiiil«Piillii'r.   WrNli'iiiiiiiwt  |iiiMil N  •Jii  W  I'lC  iiilli'N, 

TIk'  iiiiililli'  jxiiiit  i*  Hi'MMi  iiiitl  i>nr'i|iiiirtiT  iiiilm  ili-itiiiit  iVinii  tlir 
l.iulil-liiMim-  mill  llir  Norilini-nirrii  ixiiiit  ix  iiiiiraiiil  iiiii'-i|iiiirli'r 

llliirs  iliilallt. 

CiilM- i.iM.koiii N,  1:    \v        :i'.r;  iinlc'N. 

Ami  IhiMdiirHc  iiii»>.i»(iiii'  ii'iti'iiiil»ii|r  (i((':i«  iidc  I  (rail  iit  I  wiiily 

twoiiiiil  KIM'  liair  iiiiIi'n:  ami  mii'  mid  a  lialt'  imiIih  mitniili'  tlic 

lla>s!aiK    K'lirk    at    tliilt\   Ivmi    ami    I'liilliinl    iiiiIih;  and  li\i'- 

•  luliiliMol' a  mill' iiiilNidr  III  ('ii|ir  .Mriirrx  al  t'i>il\  ri^lit  uiid  llvi'- 

NJMliN  id'  It  mill'. 

Tillanmiil;  I.'cmI,    l.i>;lilliiiii«i' N.  ■.'n     \V.  T.'.*  milrs. 

I'liiiil  Adams  I.i|jlii-liiiiisi' N    I'.i    \V.         '.M     milcM. 

<'ii|ii'  lii«a|i|"'Milim  III  Li^ld  liiiii'«> S.-J\     W.        ".hi    mili-n. 

('a|H' .'"ImahMilir  i.iulil-liiiiisr N.  ••••,'     W.        I'J-J    iiiili'H. 

(irayi  llarlini  I  iiilMdr  lliiiiy N.  •.'.!     W.        I:;;l    iiiili'.s. 

Iii'sirm  Hull  Klaiid  1  |>rM|iiiwd  I.ikIii  liiMiw) N. '..'T    \V.       I'.lii    mili'H. 

rali"".li  Ul.iiid  l.inlit,  Capi    rialli'iy N.  '.".•     W.       '.'•,';(    iiiilrn. 

On  till'  Isl  (irOctdlKT.  1.S7I,  tlir  lillii  milcr  liu'it,  wiiicli  liiid  liccii  cIkwcii  tVoiii  the  Norili  I'.. mi 
(>f  tiu'  Yafjiiiiia  ciitiiiMcc,  wa.s  iliNcniiliiiuril. 

TfliciikotI  has  III)  rivrr  niir  |ii>iMt  in  llu'  iinsiliiir,  iif  the  Viii|iiiiia  Ifivt-r  and  Vai|iiina  I'lmii, 
lint  III*  lias  a  stirMiii  i-iitciiii):  a  .Miiiill  coM'  on  ilir  ii't'waiii  'SJtli-  iil  Tape  i''tiiil\\fatli('i.  On  iln 
ciintrary  lie  liiis  ihc  Vakninic  ilixci'  placed  niulcr  <  ascadi*  ilcad  in  latitude  l.'i  tL".  The  I  > 
("iiast  Survey  reeoniiiiissiinee  of  I.Vi(»  had  im  ^d|•eillll  where  tlu'  Viiipiiiia  opens,  lint  hail  ilir 
.\lse\a  lliver  phired  III  M  '.W,  only  seven  miles  Son  ill  o|  (  ape  {''iiiilweather.  '1  hat  i'eeoiiiiai>s:iiii'i' 
also  plaeeil  the  \  iii|iiiiia  l>'i\er  in  i-'i-dT  .  'I'lie  liiillaii  name  }:i\eii  to  lis  about  l.sr»l-Vi;i  was  \ .1  kii 
iiiili. 

Till'  name  as  (.'iveii  li,\  LcwIn  iiiiiH 'jai  ke  (l.siH'iiand  derived  I'rom  the'i'illamooks  is  Voiiik : 

on  the  Coa.st  Survey  eliait  of  Is.'iii,  witliniit  eontaet  with  the  natives.  Vai|iiiiina;  li\  I>a\i.Ui'!i 
l)S."il-'.">'l,  Nil  coo  nail :  liy  ('iilili>  in  l.s.'i.s,   \akii'iia;  liy    {•Ivcrell  in  I.s>7,  Tak  wi-iu. 

The  siir\e>  111  the  eiitiaiice  to  the  liver,  the  approaches,  and  the  examination  ol'  the  iMii 
lieviiiid  I'^lk  Moiiniiiin,  were  made  liy  the  I'.  S,  ('oa.>t  and  Oeodetic  Survey  in  IWi.S. 

YAi.dlNA     Mi|;ill\\  Aim— nil:    HAVmSdN    IN.-^IKHfE    r.lHlV    CtUKKM. 

.Moii;;  the  coast  t'roin  the  Vai|iiiiia  Iliver  to  the  <'oliinil>ia  l>i\cr  the  redwiiod  drift  hi^'s  ami 
Iriiiiks  wliieli  came  from  the  smitliwaid  ol  Cape  Selia.>tian  are  found  liy  tlii^  Indians  and  .seti!r!s 
iilon;:  this  shore,  and  are  cut  ii]i  and  used  lor  picket   fences. 

Yiiiiiiiiiii  llnidn  (it  (')tiii  I'liulii kiIIk  r. —  Yiniiiiiiti  llrml  is  eompo.sed  of  a  diirk  liasidtie  liiccci.i  ni 
e.iii^loMieiate.  priilialiiy  riiiiiiinuMiito  iri's  of  iron  which  are  highly  mauiietio  and  ocea.sinn  ;.'ii  .ii 
'lelleeliiili  of  the  lliafilietic  needle  on  shore. 

'Miont  a  ii;ile  and  a  third  north  iioillieasi  from  the  head,  and  half  a  >iiile  In  from  the  sIh'M. 
flicn^  is  an  isohittd  Imtte  or  peak  covered  with  trees;  it  rise.s  six  hundred  iind  twenty  t'i;,'lii  i"' 
aliovc  I  111'  sea. 

The  shores  frem  Va<|iiiiia  Head  to  Cape  I'liiilweatlier  are  elilVs  };<'iieriilly  of  11  w  liili>li  "i 
yellow  sandstone  which  is  very  frialile.  Under  these  are  cla.\  slates  tilled  with  fossil  cI.iim>. 
pectiiii's,  etc. 

The  lieaeli  under  the  el  ill's  is  ciim]io.sed  of  silex  and  hiisalt,  and  in  niimerons  loealitic-- i  i  > 
lilaek  sand  (inajfiietii;  oxide  of  iron)  is  found  in  eonsideialile  ipiantities.  Tlie  beaches  arc  I'l!. 
and  w  hen  a  lar;.'e  .sea  is  lollin;;  in  there  are  four  or  live  rollers  liealin;;  upon  the  beat;li  ;  in  a  In  '  ■ 
storm  a  stranded  ship  would  imt  loiii;  withstand  their  dcstrnetive  action. 

Ihini/irK. — .Mioiit  a  mile  norlhwiM'd  from  Va<|nina  Heads  and  two  lift  Iks  of  a  mile  otVshoii  >  1 
isohtted  Icil^e  ol  rocks  appears  at  low  water. 

Otin-  li'iirh  IS  aliont  a  mile  sonili  of  the  south  end  of  ('ap«^  iMinlweatlK^r  and  rather  more  II>.im 


li.U 


t      CI 


1     -  ■^■•'"^■^nr  Ti 


Yaqiii?i(m  Hoad. 
I-ight-lions...  NK.  by  K.  }  K..  Vii  iiiilrs. 


Silllli  lltllK'K. 


Yaquiiina  Entrance,  E.  by  N,.  13  iniUw. 


Cajip  FoiiIveatlKT.  NE.  i  N,,  I'l  niiloH. 


■  i*^*-^N3iii,y«;i^t^t 


CaHcaili"  lli'.iil,  N    >  inilcH 


fiia^BSS9i!i^!L 


« 


Hh 


f 

■»■ 

1 
1^' 

llll 

i              , 

i!' 

Ii.ill  a  mil 
lull  wlu'i 
I, I.  Us  lii'i 
k.!|i  lit'! 

1  nlllWL'ill 


This 
lldlll  lilt' 

Tlic 

liri'ssioll 
,li  ^Ifl'S  I 

111  ('llpt'  I 

riu'  1 

I'lMlhVtMl 

( iivi  r  till 
•|  lii'iv  is 

west  (N. 

Idiit;  iHir 
iliiid  mi 
N.iids  ill 
;i  lilllf  <• 
Tilt' 
-Kissy  li 
h.Mils    ill 

\MM)<ll'<l. 
Il\     Wl'St, 

t\M>  inili'i 
ill, It  dill' 
ilii()ii;;li 

I  A\tV,  tllC 


hill 


ulivtl 
I'ivt 

~iiiiis  (>r 

lift  lii^l 

IniHl'   «■> 

I'Mir  liiiii 

:i'i't)llliai 

Kivi 

ACSlt'l'll 

.iiic  mill 

llic  St'il. 

Tlu 

n|    |il:it< 

I'l'liintl 

imlliwi 

,  ,i\i"  \vi 

■rfint'd 

I  iivo  is 

:lin'('  SI 

Til 

.,i\v  tlii 

^piir,  it 

icci'ivi 

Di 

suiikci 


rAciKir  COAST  i>ii,(>r. 


421 


ti,,li  a  mile  on'shori'.  It  is  tliirlysix  fwt  IhkIi  ami  iippears  (lii(  (opjitil  wIumi  si-fii  from  tlic  woHtwartI ; 
I. Ill  wlii'ii  swri  ('mill  tlu'  s(»iitli  soutliwvst  llif  smfaw  slopos  to  tlio  westward.  A  low  lt'tl},'e  of 
lodis  lit'!*  iilxHit  hair  a  iiiiU>  soiitii  sdiillifasl  Iroiii  Otter  liocU  ;  anil  aiiotlu-r  Icdye  fovt'iTtl  with 
lv.!|.  lii's  to  the  iiorlhwaid.  Mctwctii  Otter  Koek  ami  tlie  rock  olV  the  south  point  of  (Jape 
I  iiiilwoather  there  is  a  patcii  ol'  kelji  over  loiil  },'niiiml  am)  one  iireak. 

CAPE    FOULWEATHiiK. 

This  is  a  well-marked  headland,  eommencinj;  at  Ibiir  and  a  half  miles  north  liy  wosl  (N.  hy  W.) 
liniii  the  <;apeandeiidin;;  at  ten  and  a  half  miles,  the  extreme  western  point  of  which  is  live  and 
live  (■i;;liths  iiiiles  north  twenty  de;rreis  west  (N.  lid  '  \V.)  Irom  the  Liyht  house  on  Yai|uina  I'oint. 

The  coast  southward  to  Ilecela  Head  is  very  nearly  a  straight  line  with  the  {greatest  eastern 
icnssiini  liarely  one  mile  at  Vai|niiia  JMitrance.  The  line  to  lleceta  Head  is  sontli  seventeen 
(jiuiees  east  (S.  17  '  I',.)  and  the  distance  lliirtyei^ht  miles;  at  twentynine  miles  the  line  is  tanjient 
111  (ape  I'erpetna. 

The  stretch  of  four  and  a  iialf  miles  of  nearly  straight  shore-line  from  Yaipiiiia  I'oiiit  to  C'aiie 
I'liulweather  is  bordered  with  low,  yellow,  Itrokeii  ditl's  covered  with  standin;;'  burnt  trees  which 
(■(i\er  the  ridges  that  rise  to  more  than  six  hundred  feel  within  half  a  mile  or  a  mile  from  the  shore. 

I  here  is  a  K'"»l  broad  low -water  beach  aloii;;- this  shore.  Two  and  seven  eighths  miles  north  by 
west  (N.  by  \\',)  from  Vaipiimi  I'oirit  theie  is  a  low.  Hat,  black  rock  one  hundred  and  (ifty  yards 
liiiij;  north  and  south  (N.and  S.)  that  lies  about  half  a  mile  olf  the  shore;  and  at  three  and  one. 
liiird  miles  north  by  west  (N.  by  \V.)  fiom  the  I'oint  there  is  a  blai'k  rock  about  two  hmidred 
\,iids  in  extent  and  thirty  six  feet  liif>li.     It  lies  seven-ei';htlis  of  a  mile  south  from  the  Cape  and  is 

II  little  over  half  a  mile  olf  siiore.     It  is  called  (f!'ir  Unvl;. 

The  seaward  face  of  Cape  Foiilwealher  is  six  miles  in  len;;lh  and  is  marked  li,\  six  or  seven 
uiassy  headlands,  which  slope  beautifully  to  the  rocky  sea-clilfs;  the  southwestern  slopes  of  the 
iii.iils  are  ;;eneially  bare  ;;rass,  but  the  summits  are  partly  burned.  The  jjulches  are  deysel' 
uiMided.  Althonjili  the  lai'c  of  the  ('a|ie  is  broken  and  roiindiii;;',  it  has  a  {general  direction  nort  i 
li\  west,  and  south  by  ea>t.  The  extreme  western  part  of  tiiis  tace  is  about  nearly  st-  '^ht  for 
t\to  miles,  north  northwest  and  southsmitlieast,  and  is  ilivided  into  three  spurs  nearly  in  line  in 
lliat  direction  and  of  almost  cipial  breadth  and  sc|tarated  by  small  streiims  which  have  cut  deeply 
llii'oiiuli  the  rocks.  About  se\en-eii;htlis  of  amile  southwest  ward  of  the  westernmost  point  of  the 
rape  there  is  a  hi;;li,  rocky  point,  reachin;f  four  hundred  and  thirty-thit'e  feet  elevation  within  one 
liiindred  yards  from  tli<'  sea. 

Fiveeifihths  of  a  mile  oil  tiiis  hi;:li  rocky  point,  and  nearly  in  line  with  the  thre«',  western 
.-puis  of  the  cape,  there  is  a  rocky  islet  nearly  four  liiiiidretl  yards  loni;-  north  and  south,  thirty 
Iret  liiKl'i  ill"!  one-third  of  a  mile  olV  slioii".  It  is  a  mile  north-northwest  from  Otter  lioek,  with  a 
li«l;ie  extendin;,'  two  hundred  and  lifly  yards  to  the  mutiieast.  Heyond  tliis  is  a  break  about 
Iniir  hundred  yirds  farthei' to  the  norlli-noitlnvest.  There  are  daubers  iiisidcof  this  islet.  The 
irconnaissance  chart  ^ives  ei;;hleen  fathoms  one  mile  outside  these  rocks. 

I'"i\e  eijihths  of  a  mile  inside  and  nearly  east  of  the  bold  point,  «Mie  mile  southeast  from  the 
western  point,  the  lidue  rises  to  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  thirty  nine  feet  elevation,  and  at 
Hie  and  live  eighths  miles  on  the  same  einireie  the  top  of  the  ridye  is  sixteen  huiiilred  feet  above 
liie  sea. 

The  northern  of  the  three  western  spurs  of  the  Cape  is  marked  by  a  low,  };iass  covered  table 

III  plateau  projeetiny-  sixty  feet  aliove  the  sea  to  the  iiortliward.  Southward  of  this  tabU",  and 
liehind  two  black,  rocky  islets  almost  lonchiiin  the  poiiil  of  clill'of  the  same  height,  which  stretch 
Mtiithwaril  nearly  one  sixth  of  a  mile,  there  a|ipe.irs  Irnin  .senward  to  be  an  opening;  to  a  small 
nive  with  yellow  clilf  and  broad  sand  beach  on  the  furl  her  side,  upon  which  no  surf  was  seen.  It 
Mcmcd  probable  that  a  boat  landing' could  be  salely  elVcctcd  there  in  ordinary  west  winds.  The 
mve  is  clearly  shown  upon  the  reconnaissance  chart  of  ISS7.  Tlie  inn'th  and  east  sides  receive 
!liree  small  streams. 

The  black  point  indiealini;  this  cove  is  marked  by  a  small,  dense  clump  of  trees.  We  (irst 
■.iw  thi.s  cove  in  the  reconnaissance  of  ISiHt.  One  mile  to  the  north  iKutheasl  of  this  northern 
>piir,  in  a  recess  of  the  sIkuc,  there  is  a  small  la^coon  opeiiin;;  to  the  .sea  by  a  narrow  mouth,  and 
it'ceiviii};  the  waters  of  two  small  streams. 

Directly  oil  this  recession  of  the  shore,  and  on  the  line  of  the  points  north  and  .south,  is  a 
sunken  rock. 


. 


i 


'ii^ 


li 


U 


i*.;  \ 


i    'M 


f!  si 


!    '    i. 


r  11 


422  I'ACIHC   COAST   IMLOT. 

Tlio  rooky  eliuractcr  of  tlio  captM'oiitiiiuos  tliii't-  inili-s  to  tlu*  iiortlnvard  from  tin-  iiiiililli  pmni 
of  till'  iiortluMii  of  llio  thri'f  wostcni  simrs.  The  olill's  an-  from  lifty  to  »'i;;lity  foot  ImkIi,  'mu  (ui,. 
iiiiU"  from  the  mutlu'rii  cxtrt'iiio  tlu'  point  rises  to  two  liiimlrod  anil  tliirty-ei},'lit  fi-ct  cU'vatitni  (,i,k 
one  liundrt'il  ami  Hevi'iily  liv*-  yards  insjd»>  the  cliU's. 

'J'lu'  mountain  mass  of  this  caiic  is  about  two  aiul  one  half  miles  I'ast ward  of  the  sea\iaiil  i.hc, 
and  averajies  about  liftecn  linudrcd  feet  elevation.  Were  it  not  for  the  lower  shores  to  tlic  in.iih 
ward  and  to  the  southward,  the  outline  of  the  eape  would  hardly  lireaU  the  jreueral  trend  di  ilj,. 
eoast. 

Thereare  no  known  danjjers  as  far  out  as  half  a  mile  beyond  the  westernmost  (iieeof  tlnciiic, 
and  every  indication  of  deep  water. 

Wlien  a  vessel  is  otf  Cape  iMinlweather  the  hij;h  ;uouutains  of  the  Coast  ran;;e,  ten  to  iw. my 
miles  inland,  are  seen  o\er  the  eoast  hills;  and  to  the  east-southeast  and  southeast  are  seen  ih, 
notable  mountains,  Mary's  Peak,  Alseya  Peak,  and  Yachats  Miuintain. 

The  {jeo^jraiiliieal  p'ositjou  (tf  the  extreme  western  point.  Cape  Fouhveather,  has  been  li'ii  i 
mined  by  the  V.  S.  Coast  and  (ieodetic  Survey  (ISST)  as  follows: 

l.aiUiMlr U     u;    11     iKirth. 

l.cili;.Mlll(lr I'JI      (II    ;M  '    WCHI. 

<»r,   in  I  line- ~''  Ui'"  l.-'.:i 

Onelitlh  of  a  mile  behind  this  bold  face  the  hei;;ht  of  the  rid{;e  is  four  hundred  and  ei-lity 
eight  feet. 

MiiilHcti  ■  Wn  iittimi. —  In  .lanuary,  l.S>S."),  the  linecif  e<|nal  uia^MU'tie deelination  of  •_'!  Hast  cro^id 
the  enastline  in  the  latitude  of  Cape  I'luiiweather  aud  UH)ves  northward  about  V.O  annually 

The  foihiwinK  bearin;;s  antl  distanees  are  t;iveu  to  prominent  objeets  trom  Cape  Foiilweaiin  r: 

Capf  (Irlmd  l,if;lit-lii)iisi' S.  l",'  V,.  l','ll    iiiili'H. 

Capi'  (iii';;(iiv   l.ifilil-lKiiihi' .s.  i;u  i;.  —    iiiiIch. 

„              I"miiic|ii;i1i   liisci   iiiliaiui' S.  1"  K.  liiiA  mjlcs. 

Cap.   rirpi'tiia S  X"  i:.  '.".li  iiiilrs. 

Yaiiiiiiia  llrails  I,i';litliiiM,fi' S,  vid  K.  I'lj  iiiili>. 

Cascacli'  lli'ail N.  i:i  W.  ir,j  inili's. 

Tlii>  lla.VHtaili  Hock N.  l:!  \V.  'JUJ  inil.s. 

t'api'LiM>U<int N.  U;\  \\  Mi  iiiilis. 

Tilhuiiook   IiDik  l.inlit-liims(> N. 'Jii  \V.  i'.-    iiiilis. 

i'liiiit  Ailaiiis  l.i;;lit-li(iii«i' N.  I'.l»  W.  ■'1    iiiili'i.. 

('a]ic  Ili>appHiiilnifiit    I,ij;lil-lii)iiM' N.  'Jl  \V.  ■^•^1  iiiilcH. 

LaniJmiirh. — The  extreme  summit  of  Cape  Fonlweatlier  is  near  the  southern  part  of  this  \>\n.u\ 
headland  ;  it  appears  one  and  three  quarters  miles  back  fr(uu  the  I'ean  lace,  and  is  about  simh  „ 
hundred  feet  above  the  sea;  to  tiie  eastwaid  of  this  liij;h  land  ihe  ground  falls  away  Iiimx.i 
seven  hundred  feet  elevation.  There  is  a  treelei^s  and  ;;rassy  patch  on  the  southwest  slope  ol  ti  ^ 
summit,  and  it  is  a  jjood  landmark.  I''roni  the  midtlle  jxiint  of  ('ape  Poulweather  there  is  ;i  {■•  .\\, 
soven  ami  three  quarti'rs  miles  north  forty-three  and  a  half  decrees  east  (N.  I.'J.C^  1^).  It  lit  ■  u\'- 
and  three  (|uarters  miles  back  from  the  shore  line. 

The  cape  is  composed  of  very  dark  basaltic  roek,  eait|>ed  in  many  jilaees  with  bright  icil  

.\ellow  sandstones. 

The  north  end  of  the  sandstone  clill  at  the  southern  end  of  Cape  Fonlweatlier  is  si\i\  :mI 
high,  cithiied  red  and  yellow,  and  en\ered  \v  itli   trees  to  the  edge.     One  gicat   perpeiidiciii.n 
of  basalt,  four  hundred  aud  tliiily  feet  high,  shows  in  the  face  of  the  Cape  one  mile  to  the  ii'ii', 

northwest  from  the  southern   jioint.     It  then  slopes  gradually  to  the  northeastward  for  a  i|ii r 

of  a  mile  to  the  I'dge  of  the  forest  at  live  hiindu'd  and  thirty  lour  teet  elexatiiui. 

The  indentations  in  the  face  of  the  Cajic  are  where  the  sandstiuie  aboxc  the  basaltic  lu'  '  i 
has  been  eroded  by  the  wav«'s. 

One  i)eculiarit,\  of  the  middle  of  the  Cape  is  a  plateau  about  seventy  feet  high,  nearly  li.i'  i 
mile  long,  and  a  (piarter  of  a  mile  wide,  wholly  free  from  trees. 

The  forest  is  siuiice  and  hemlock  ;  the  spruce  range  from  one  to  two  hundred  feet  in  la  i;  i:. 
with  boles  of  six  aud  eight  feet  iu  diameter. 


PACIFIC   ('OAST    I'lt-OT. 


DEEP  SKA   SOUNDINGS   OI'l'   CAI'K   I'OULWKATnER. 


423 


Tlio  following  (locpsea  soniidiiifis  wore  iiiadc  by  tlic  U.  S.  sliip  TuMitrom  on  tlie  20th  ami  22(1 
October,  IS',*?: 


PistaiH'c  :iit«l  lirjiriii;:  I 

iH'iii  r.ipn  I.atitiKl.-.    I..ni;;ituiif 

Fniilwi  urii'i. 


.W.(.». 

/'(■'/re*. 

ITJ 

8  (UJ  W. 

•J-JJ 

S.  71)    W. 

■jr.l 

S.  71'.  \V. 

;;:i 

S    7.1     \V. 

;;iu 

S   71',  W. 

IM 

S    71     \V, 

I.I 

S.  7r.    W 

III 

S.  71,'   W. 

fi;i 

s  7i;)  \V. 

70 

s  ^:,\  W. 

IIIK 

S.  fU  \v. 

10J 

S.  S2    \V. 

•JU7 

S.  71IJ  W. 

I  TfinpiT- 
1,     ,1      i  at  nil'  oT 

"'■I'"'-      l«M|,.l„l 

1  button). 


I  Faltwmi.    ^  Ftthr 


l'J4  2M 

I -.'I  XI 

l.'l  111 

]'J»  17 

I'.'l  .-.5 

I ■.'.■.  ill 

f.T.  IT. 

ij.-i  i:i 

rjr.  -.".I 

rj.-.  iK 

i.'ii  ;;.'. 

r.'7  iiK 

IL'H  .17 


117 

i:it 


7:1:1 
h:il 

l.'.7H 
1.41IS 
1,  .'.70 
1.  .W.l 


Mini  iini]  ;:ni,v  ■-iiini). 

I  tii;i.\  Hiiiiit. 

'  (Iniv  -•*aini  mill  Mink  M|it>rkM. 

11.0  till. 

41,11  Cliiy. 

IIalilihi>.   lilli'  Mark  .<|ii'rkn. 

I'.IlM'  I:    lllii'  likli'k  >,'lllll. 

3l'..ii  I  ^r.i\  .1111111  :   lilac  k  »|ii-ikM. 

;!4.  .■<  CI. i\. Willi  niKikiiiiT  iiiarsi'  i'l.ick  Mini. 

Clay. 

( lozc. 

j  llriiwii  onze. 

On/.o. 


()irOiii)o  Orfonl  the  dill' tli()ii.-<:iiiil  fiithdiii  lirio  is  not  iii'irt'  tli.iii  tweiitycight  miles  from  thti 
const;  but  otV  Cape  Foiilweathcf  the  same  tU'pth  is  not  les.^  than  lil'ty-oiie  iiiik'S  IVom  the  sliore. 
The  I'aeitie  phiteaii,  as  t'af  out  its  tlie  12S  '  meiiilian,  is  veiv  rejiiihir,  but  one  hnntb'ed  t'athoiiis 
^lloale^  tlian  oil'  Cape  Orloid. 

Cape  I''oui\veatin'r  was  iiameil  by  Cook  011  the  day  he  made  tliis  iamlt'all  of  theeoast,  Mareh 
ti,  177.S,  At  noon  he  was  in  hititmh'  II  .i.'V,  ami  the  land  extended  I'lom  noitiieast  half  north  to 
southeast  by  south,  about  ei!,'ht  leay;m's  distant.  In  this  situation  he  liail  seventythret^  fathoms 
iiver  mudtly  iiottom,  and  ninety  fathoms  a  leaj;ue  farthef  otf  shore.  The  land  lit*  ileseiibes  of 
iiiodeiate  heitjht,  di\  t'lsilieil  by  hills  anil  valleys,  and  principally  covcfcd  with  wooil.  No  strikiiifj 
olijeet  presented  its(>lf  except  a  lii;;li  hill  with  a  Hat  suiiiinit,  which  bore  east  [true]  from  him  at 
noon.  (See  paf;e  .'{SO.)  At  the  noithern  extreme,  from  his  noon  position,  the  laml  formetl  a  point 
which  he.  named  Cape  Foul  went  her,  from  the'  exceedin.uly  liad  weather  he  met  with  soon  after. 
The  expression  "northern  extreme"  leil  the  i'nitetl  States  I^xjilorinj^  Ivxpetlition  in  bSU  to  place 
theCaiiein  latitude  I.'iA,  but  Cook  iutl;;eil  the  Koulweather  he  named  to  be  in  ■1-1',m'.  J-eiiif; 
here  tlriven  olV  the  coast  by  eoiitiniietl  bad  weather,  he  liail  no  oiniort unity  to  verify  his  position, 
ami  ilid  not  si;.;lit  the  laml  a;:ain  until  he  was  in  latitude  17  (•.">',  thus  passiii};  by  the  entrance  to 
the  Columbia  Ijivcr.  Vancouver  place.s  the  Cape  in  l;itirutli>  U  l!l'.  lioth  of  tliest^  determina- 
tions evidently  refer  to  the  noitlicrii  part  of  the  liijih  laml,  nine  ami  a  half  miles  north  of  Yaiiuina 
llead.s.  i 

If  we  idot  Cook's  beariiij;s  we  tind  that  in  latitmle  l  C  iW,  lonptnde  121'-^  2.'!'.  they  cut  the 
northern  part  of  the  hi-hland  of  Cape  Koulweather  in  latitmle  If^  .")(•',  twenty-one  miles  tlistant ; 
and  the  southern  part  of  Cape  I'crpctua  in  latitude  IP  Hi',  twenty-two  miles  distant ;  while  the 
low  slioi"  diifctly  east  is  tlistant  foiiilceii  miles  ami  baekeil  by  lii^h  hills.  Three  iiiilt>s  to  the 
west  iiowln. est  t)f  liM  position,  where  he  Ibiinil  seventy  three  fathoms  of  water,  the  rnited  States 
Coast  Survey  lias  a  soumlinj;  of  ninety  fathoms.  Tebenkolf  j;ives  seventy-three  fathoms  over 
samly  bottom  eijrl;;  miles  from  the  coast  in  latitmle  fl  '  .VJ'.  lie  makes  the  Cape  very  itrojeetinf,' 
anil,  curiously,  has  a  bay  on  the  south  side  which  ifccives  one  .irm  of  the  Klion;;a  IJiver,  while  the 
other  opens  mulli  of  tlieCa|ie.  The  reconnaissance  of  1S,S7  has  no  such  streams,  ami  on  the  latest 
State  map  there  is  no  stream  on  either  sitle  of  the  Cape.  Tebenkolf  places  the  extremity  of  the 
Cape  in  II     IS'. 

Vancouver  says  that  Cape  I'oiil weather  is 
ii  consiiiriiiiii.s  pninioiilmy,  iilniiist  m.s  siii;;iil:ir  in   its  iiii|ii'iir:iiico  as  niiy  w<>  liiivo  mn'ii  iilmi};  tlic  const.     A  lii^li, 
niiiiKl,  liUitl'  |"iinl   |irii,jrilM  ;ilirii|ill\   intn  tin'  sea;  a  iriuaikalili'  tabic  is  .situated  to  tlio  luiilli,  ami  a  Idw.t  roiiiul 
liliill'to  till' siiiilli  of  it.     (Vol.  I,  p. •.".!-.) 

North  of  Cape  Foiihraitliry.—Vor  live  miles  northward  towanls  the  Siletz  entrance  the  shore 
is  a  saml  beach  of  soft  and  coarse  sands  much  worn  by  the  sea.  The  low  blutfsof  soft  ami  yellowish 
samlstones  are  much   erotled,  ami  nowhere  over  eighty  feet  above  the  .sea.    The  elitts  terminate 


T       I 


' 


I  liV 


s 


i 


I 


H« 


Ik 


4-21 


1'A(;IKIC   COAST    I'lI.OT. 


altrt-iisf  tlio  .south  ciiil  of  Siletz  I'a.v;  aiitl  tlu'iii'c  to  tlu-  I'litnuice  tlu'ir  is  a  narrow  itoiiiiisiili  oi 
saiitl  (Imii's  tri'iiiMall.v  covoifd  with  slmrt  sallal  Imslics. 

Till' iimiinliatt' lioachi's  an-  llat  ami  in  a  lu>av.v  st'a  oxhihit  four  or  livt-  linos  ol' ndJiMs  i|. 
{Iirat  storms  a  stramlcti  vessel  w<iulil  soon  ;;-o  to  pieces. 

IhtiKjrrii. —  From  tlie  nortiiernmosi  jioint  of  Cape  Fouhveather  tliere  is  a  line  of  live  lireik.  is 
extemliii},'  two  miles  on  a  eoiirse  one  or  two  (lejfrees  west  of  north,  antl  l.vin^'  six  hundred  .\;ihU 
from  the  beaeh. 

SILKTZ   KIVKU. 


i  ;ti 


m    * 


m[  ^ 


;  r  '  '.,!' 


Til 


mon 


til  of  this  river  lies  exactly  six  miles  north  lour  detirees  west  (N.  I  '  \V.)  IVoin  ;Ih 


northern  point  of  ("ape  Fouhveather,  and   seven   and  three  eij{liths  miles  south  einhieen  di 
east  (S.  IS"  I].)  Crom  the  southern  point  of  Cascade  Head. 

Till' last  mile  ut'  the  Cape  Fouhveather  (MilVs  is  bordered  by  many  small  \isible  rocks  iln>,' 
under  the  shore,  and  one  breaker  half  a  mile  north  by  west  (N.  by  W.)  from  the  north  point. 

After  leaving  ("ape  Fouhveather  the  shore  continnes  abrujit  with  lij;lit  (•<»lored  cHIVn  ikmh 
twenty  to  one  hundred  feet  lii^h,  and  a  broad  low-watci  beach.  IWdiind  these  <  litis  are  bin  11:1 
sandy  slopes,  sjiarsely  covered  with  pine  and  spruce  ;  and  two  miU's  inland  are  the  sumuiii- ui 
the  lii>.'li  woodeil  hills  risiiiy;  to  nine  huudreil  feet,  the  lii;;li  mountains  of  the  Coast  ranf;c.  tiih  1  n 
to  twenty  miles  cist  ward,  sliowiiij;  over  the  ("oast -line.  Three  or  four  low,  jjrassy  slopes  arc  ^m  n 
to  the  northward  of  the  ("ape,  and  abreast  of  these  arc  two  sunken  rocks  a  thirtl  td'  a  mile  a|..ni, 
and  nearly  oiicthinl  of  a  mile  olV  shore.     The  northern  one  is  two  miles  north  of  the  Cape. 

About  two  miles  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Siletz  there  is  a  roundiiif;.  yellow  blulf  for  li.ili  1 
mile,  which  rises  to  one  hundred  feet. 

A  loiijj.  narrow  ]ii'iiiiisula,  nearly  two  miles  in  length,  forms  the  southern  and  western  boinHJ- 
iiry  of  the  bay;  it  is  formed  by  a  line  of  low  .sand  dunes,  with  a  broad,  low-watei  beach,  i  V 
north  point  of  the  entrance  is  a  low  bliitf,  bordered  by  a  narrow  line  of  sand.  The  entrance  to  1  in 
bay  is  three  hundred  and  fifty  yards  wide  at  liifjli  water,  but  not  over  one  hundred  yards  wid 
low  water,  and  the  bar  breaks  constantly.  I'roiii  the  north  point  the  bar  lii's  to  the  soutl'. 
about  one-fourtU  of  a  mile  (1S87)  and  the  apparent  direction  of  the  channel  across  the  b.'i 
nearly  northeast. 

Inside  the  entrance  the  bay  expands  very  like  the  south  part  of  Humboldt  IJay,  but  is  11 
smaller.  The  soiitlieni  boundary  of  the  bay  is  two  and  onceifihth  miles  from  the  entrance  an 
mostly  bare  at  low  water,  and  the  eastern  side  is  very  marshy.     To  the  north  there  is  noex]iaii^ 


,f  .11 


mil  a  sill 


all  stream  cidled  iScliooner  Creek  enters  at  half  a  mile  from  the  entrance  to  the  bav. 


Silei/  or  Nachicoicho  liivcr  enters  the  southeast  point  of  the  bay,  conijng  tliroii};h  a  liit;h.  hca\il> 
wooded  country  by  a   tortuous  course.     Where   it    leaves  the   hills  there  i»  one  summit  oi 
hundred  and  lifty  feet    within  one  tbiirth  of  a  mile  of  the  north  or  right   bank,  and  a  snmmi 
nine  hundred  feet  one  mile  to  the  .south.     The  country   is  heavily   wooded  ai^l  so  broken  up 
there  are  no  Indian  trails.  ^ 


-.\ 


t'l  ii 


There  are  four  houses  on   the  north  side  of  the  bay  abmit  a  qinirter  of  a  mile  insidi 


entrance, 


The  geographical  position  id'  the  north  point  inside  the  entrance  to  the  Siletz  Hiver  is; 


Lilt  It  mil' 


t'.i    iKirtli. 


I.()M;;itililr    I'il     Hi     J I      wi'Hl. 

In  bSfl,")  the  brig  Illaiwn  was  driven  across  the  bar,  and  lay  a  week  inside. 

The  rcconnai.ssince  chart  (l.S.VJ)  gives  sixteen  fathoms  of  water  one  mile  olf  the  nionti 


the  river. 


In  1.S.S7  it  was  judged  that  the  depth  ol  water  on  the  bar   was  six  feet,  when  it  broke  all  1 
way  across. 

Tin'  I'liiled  States  Fxjdoring  Fxpedition  in  IS-M   locates  a  .stream  in  this  vicinity  called  ; 
Zasit.-h.     Telieiikoll  has  no  stream  here.     »)ii  the  early  editions  of  the  Coast  Survey  Chan  li 
name  of  this  stream  was  Nekas.     l!ut  the  Siletz  V.  S.  Indian  Reservation  located  here  takes     - 
name  from  the   Imlians,  and  the   reconiniissanee   of   l.H.sT  gives   Siletz  iiiul   Nachicoicho.     TIni' 
have  been   many  ililfereiit  spellings  of  the  formei   name.     Previous  charts  have  a  small  sln-.i  1 
emptying  near  this  called  the  ("owes  River:  and  l)e  .Mofras  calls  it  the  Vaconn. 

Lniiilmdrkx. — From  the  north  pat  t  of  the  Siletz  entrance  there  are  two  prominent  hills  sitiiahl 
as  follows:     The  southern  one  is  distant   three  and  one  eighth  mik'M  north  seventyscven  degi'    ■ 


i'Acikk;  coast  v\un. 


426 


.;i  I  (N.  77"^  K.),    and  tlu'  iioilliein  (Hic  is  distaiit  tlinr  and  one  iinartcr  miles  north  forty-eight 
,i,..jces  east  (N.  48^  K.). 

I'loni  the  Siletz  northward  a  hard,  wide  beaeli  extends  six  miles  to  tiie  iireeipitons  rocks  Just 
M.Mih  of  SalnioM  liiver.  Tin'  sandstone  strata  are  lioii/oiiid.  Tliron;;h  tlieir  strata  are  aneient 
!,,l,  hinds,  or  liof,'s,  eoiitainiii}:  ^rei-.t  nnndters  of  prostrate  trunks  of  siiruce,  etc.,  hifjhly  com- 
|.ii  ssed  but  very  little  fossilized,  and  which  burn  readily. 

devil's  i.akb. 

I'roni  the  north  point  of  the  entrance  to  the  Siletz  the  shore  runs  straight  for  seven  milcH 
iinilh  by  west  (N.  iiy  W.)  to  entrance  of  tiie  Nechesne  under  Cascade  Head.  The  shore  is  a  low, 
\i!l((W  or  reddish  ciitf  for  two-thirds  of  a  nnle  to  a  small  Jaf^^'ed  point,  and  then  increasinp  in 
ill  ijrlit  to  ei};lity  and  one  hundred  feet  to  the  moiitli  of  the  Na  idi-.so  or  Devil's  Lake  at  two  and 
(iiir  half  miles  from  the  North  Point  of  the  Siletz.  iiehintl  the  dill's  the  liijrher  laiul  is  partly  bare, 
liiiint  and  wooded.  This  is  a  very  narrow  entrance  breakinji  down  the  cliffs.  The  lake  itself  is 
two  and  one-half  miles  loufr  by  half  a  mile  wide,  and  ((mies  fntai  the  north,  nearly  reachinf;  to  one 
of  tlic  marshy  arms  of  the  Nechesne.  This  lake  is  sometimes  called  Trout  Lake.  Tlirci'  or  four 
miles  inland  are  round  topped  mount.iins  covered  with  the  white  burnt  trunks  of  trees,  and  a 
ilciise  second  (growth. 

The  surface  of  the  lake  is  ten  feet  above  the  .sea.  Very  larp'  trout  can  be  caufjht  by  trolliuff. 
The  lake  is  a  };reat  resort  for  spawning'  salmon.  The  Indians  living  around  it  have  houses,  and 
iiic  em|iloyed  in  farniin};and  sttx-kraisiu);. 

Inland  from  the  lake  the  laml  rises  in  a  succe.s.sioii  of  broken  hills  and  rid};os  to  the  crest-line 
111  the  Coast  raiif^e  of  mountains. 

lUutijo-. — A  little  more  than  half  a  mile  south  tiftyseven  de;;rees  west  (S.  .'»7^  ^V.)  from  the 
iMilrance  of  the  Devil's  Lake  there  isa  break.  It  is  five  miles  .south  lifteen  degrees  east  (S.  15'  E.) 
Iiiim  the  southern  point  of  Cascade  Head. 

TIIK   NECUKSNK    (lU    SALMHIs    KIVER. 

Six  miles  from  the  North  Toiiit  of  tlie  Siletz,  and  twelve  miles  from  the  North  Point  of  Foul- 
wiather,  there  is  a  locky  line  of  ru;;gi'd  cliffs  facing;  fiveeightlis  of  a  mile  on  the  ocean;  the  sum- 
mit is  grass  covered  and  rises  to  four  hundred  and  .seventyeight  feet,  dropi)ing  off  sharply  to  the 
liiw,  sandy  point  on  the  north  snle  ;  it  continues  southward  with  reddish-faced  ditfs,  twenty  to 
sixty  feet  high,  towards  the  eiitiance  of  Devil's  Lake,  as  a  broad  mesa  land,  reai^hiiig  an  elevation 
111  five  hundred  and  ten  feet,  and  llicn  gradually  decreasing  in  height ;  and  at  three  miles  from  the 
-lucks  this  ridge  has  a  few  scattering  trees  upon  it.  One  mile  behind  this  beautifully  grvcii  and 
rolling  mesa  are  the  arms  of  Devil's  F..ake  an<l  the  Xechesne,  which  nearly  apprciich  each  other, 
;iiid  thus  make  it  stii^l  out  in  bold  relief.  I'nder  the  rocky  cliffs  at  the  south  side  oitlie  riverare 
III, my  rocks;  and  onff  large  one,  two  hundred  yaiils  in  extent  and  seventy-four  feet  high,  stands 
line  third  of  a  mile  west  southwest  (WSW.)  from  the  south  j)oint  of  the  rocky  face.  Petween  this 
loiky  face  and  the  south  side  of  Cascade  Head  the  sliori'  is  low  and  sandy  and  recedes  slightly  to 
ilieeast,  with  a  low-water  beach  four  hundred  yards  wide,  linmediately  under  the  south  side  of 
t'iiscade  Head  there  are  three  large,  black  rocks,  seventy,  twenty,  and  titty  feet  high,  which 
-iiclch  out  one  third  of  a  mile  lowaids  tlie  south  southeast  (SSI'}.),  and  apparently  afford  protec- 
tion for  u  boat  lamling  in  ordinary  northwest  weather.  They  are  three  hundred  yards  oiitsitle  the 
Inuwater  beach  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  which  opens  close  under  the  high  rocky  cliffs  on  the 
Miath  side  of  Ca.sciadc  Head.  The  south  point  of  the  entrance  is  tlie  long,  broad,  sand  si)it  which 
makes  iKU'th  two-thirds  of  a  mile  from  the  rocky  cliffs  of  the  mesa  just  inentioned.  The  stream 
iiself  is  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  yards  wide  for  one  mile  inside  the  iiaaith,  and  then  expands 
into  broad  marshes  one  and  a  half  miles  long  I'iast-southeast  (KSM.)  by  two-thirds  of  a  mile  broad. 
W  low  water  the  stream  is  not  over  sixty  yards  wide. 

On  Tebenkoff's  Chart  this  cove  is  shown  under  Cascade  Head,  and  the  stream  is  called  the 
11.  Vakoiine. 

On  the  reconnaissance  chart  of  IS.'iO  it  was  called  the  Yaipiinna  Kiver. 

On  the  U.  S,  Coast  Survey  reconnai.ssance  chart  of  !«.■>;{  and  the  chart  of  187(>  it  is  iianiod 
tlie  Nechesne,  with  rocks  at  the  entrance. 

On  the  sei'tioiial  map  cd"  Oregon,  18>S(I,  it  is  calletl  Salmon  Creek. 


S    -1 


!  I 


!f:ijyf 


42ti 


PACIKK"    COAST    PILOT. 


I 


m^  tt 


'i^ 


n>.:i 


fMndmork,  *-/<•.— JiiRt  sontli  of  Salmon  llivi'v  (uimUt  Casriulo  IIcimI)  tlir  ritlpo  of  iinriiii 
tons  rocks  inielu's  llvi-  liiiiiihfil  and  ti'ii  I'cct  I'h'valioii.  Tlu*  fx|>t),s('il  inccipicos  aic  l>  i  iin, 
brcci'ia  near  tlio  water,  overlaid  Ity  a  caitpin;!  of  very  friable  retldi.sli  rock  conlinuall.v  wi  iiin;' 
away.     The  face  of  this  line  of  clitVs  is  a  ;jood  landmark. 

The  isolated  rock  lyiofr  olV  this  i)rcci|iitons  jtoint  is  about  one  liundred  yards  in  extmi  ;iii.| 
seventy-four  feet  hi;;h;  it  lies  about  onethii'd  of  a  mile  from  the  shore. 

The  run  of  salmon  in  Salmon  Hiver  is  reiwrted  to  be  very  fjreat,  whence  its  name. 

OASfADK  HKAD. 


Tor  two  ami  a  half  miles  nortliward  of  tlie  North  Point  of  the  Silet/  I'iver  the  slioi 


<•   1^  .1    IllM 


of  broken  \cllowisli  clitVs.  moderately  low,  and  backed  by  a  iiij;her  ridye  partly  bare,  liiiiinil  ,iii| 
wooded.  There  is  a  break  in  these  eblls  at  the  mouth  of  tiie  Devil's  Lake.  Then  be;;iiis  ;i  Iiii,.,,i 
reddish  cliiVs,  sixty  to  tliii'ty  feet  hi;.di,  rnnuiii^^  noMliwaid  lor  lliri-e  miles,  risiu}:  to  a  ImmiiiiIhi 
mesa  land,  and  ending  in  the  grassy  liead  on  the  .south  side  of  the  NtclicMie  Kiver,  or  .^.ilinnii 
("reek.  'I'lie  rid;;e  aliove  these  clilVs  is  willioul  trees, and  as  .seen  from  the  sea  is  beautiliiil\  -hch 
and  rolliuf,'.  Uehind  it  are  the  arms  of  the  Devil's  Lake  and  the  Nechesne  L'iver,  wliicii  ni.aiv 
approaeli  each  other. 

The  ocean  face  of  Cascade  Head  istlir«'e  miles  Ion;;  on  a  north  by  west  (N.  b.\  W.,  rmiiM. 
from  the  month  of  the  Nechesne  to  the  beach  on  the  mulli  side  of  the  head.  The  souiliciii  |H>iiit 
is  very  sli^dilly  the  (arthest  west  and  istwenty  two  and  one  half  ndles  from  Yaciuina  Toiiii  l.i-ht 
house,  but  they  an'  iu)t  iiitervisibh".  Tlie«'ouise  from  the  Vai|uina  Lijiht  lnaiseto  I'ape  LckiImhii  i, 
north   seventeen  dey;rees  we.st  (N.  17'  W.)  and  this  line  passes  one  mile  outside  of  ("ascade  lliml. 


Cascade  Ileail  lies  sixteen  and  three(|uarters  miles  north  thirteen  de;;recs  wi'st  (N.  1.!'^  \\ .  i 


I'liiii 


II  \.%.i 


Cape  Fouhveather.  This  is  a  \-ery  ja;;;;ed  lieadlaml  and  lies  nearly  two-thirds  of  ii  mile  oiiMili' 
the  lim>  of  the  sandy  shore  at  the  south  side  ^>\'  the  Xechesiie  Kiver.  It  shows  prominenlly  \v  In  n  ,' 
"essel  is  close  in>iioie,  nnu'c  especially  on  ac<'ount  of  the  low  coast  line  to  the  south  and  to  I  lie  iimili. 

This  head  is  composed  ol  very  dark  basaltic  rock,  capped  in  many  jilaccs  with  bn;;lit  n-d  n -! 
yellow  sandstones  rapid'\  wcarinj;' away. 

The  ocean  face  of  the  head  is  cut  by  deep  ^jor^es  throu;;h  the  sandstones,  thrtni^li  wliici,  i 
three  eonsideiable  «'rccks  wliiidi  di.schar;,'c  their  waters  diicctly  into  the  surf  from  cascades  >i.\i 
to  ei;,'lity  Icet  hi^h. 

The  cliIVs  behind  the  saml  beaches  are  sandstones,  clay  slates,  ami  beds  of  iinluralcil  ■■u  <1. 
all  appeal  iu^  of  very  li^ht  color. 

T'lu'  ^reat  transverse  ridp'  ending  at  the  broken  face  of  this  Cajie  is  nine  huinlred  ami  lii; 
feet  above  the  .sea,  rises  loan  elevation  ot  thirteen  hundred  feet  in  a<|uarterof  a  mile,  and  itaii.i- 
lifteen  hundred  ami  fifty  live  feet  in  (Uu>  and  a  <piaiter  miles  northeast  Irtun  the  south  point  oi  i;. 
head.  The  whole  ca|ie  is  densely  wooded  with  spriu'c.  hemlock,  and  alder.  The  southern  >ln|',- 
of  the  hi^di  rid^e  is  very  sleep,  almost  bare  of  tries  and  co\frcd  with  tine«|rass,  clover,  ami  !■  in 
To  the  northwaril  fr<un  the  backbone  ol  this  rid^e  the  country  is  oiu',  unnroken,  dense  foii-.-i  ■■ 
si)riu'e,  cedar,  and  hendock.     The  larch  is  a  very  liamlsome  tree  on  the  higher  ridges. 

The  exfieme  southwest  jioint  or  knob  of  the  cape,  overlooking'  the  sea  is  live  hnndicil  :  i 
thirty  feet  hiy;h  at  two  humlred  yards  back  from  the  water.  The  broken  lacc^  Just  noilh  "i  :■ 
Double  Arch  IJock  is  seven  huinlred  and  seveuty-three  feet  above  the  sea,  with  om-  of  the  ca^c  cn- 
ut  it.-;  northwest  termination. 

Asseeii  frcuu  the  southward  from  a  distance  of  ten  mih-s  it  is  particadarly  noticeable  bv  Ii.im  i. 
two  ov  three  ixivM  tir  tret  s  standing:  aloiu'  and  liif;h  above  the  outline  of  the  second  higher  sim  mi.  i 
slope  at  an  elevation  of  pcrhajis  seven  nunditd  feet.  Inder  these  treis  and  also  a  litlle  ImiIihi 
eastward,  under  the  south  slope  of  the  crest  line  of  ridy;e  luniMuy  northeast  by  «-ast  (NIv  li.\  I 
there  are  four  hi^h,  bare  cliffs  ami  a  hi;;hcr  grassy  slope  farther  in  shoie.  When  we  made  "H 
sketth  the  hi^du'.st  part  of  the  head  was  in  the  clouds ;  but  two  miles  from  the  sea  it  reaches  alinii: 
two  thoiisaml  feet  elevation. 

As  seen  from  the  westward  the  lu>ad  does  not  apjiear  so  steep  but  tht^  southern  crestlim  i  ,-i  - 
toono  thousainl  three  huinlred  and  fifty  live  feel  within  seven  eighths  of  a  mile,  when  the  iioi;ii'i  i 
of  the  four  rocky  ('lilfs  appears  under  the  highest  part  of  the  ridge,  two  thousand  feet.  K\<it 
where  the  rocky  seaward  lace  of  the  head  is  exjiost  d  the  rest  is  covered  with  tries;  but  two  gi:is>.v 
slopes  face  the  sea  some  distance  northward  of  the  clills.  There  are  no  trees  on  the  single  g.  iiili^ 
sloiMJ  near  the  bold  shore  of  the  northern  extremity,  at  the  base  of  which  a  large  cavern  is  m>  u. 


t 


ihmIil'iI  ,iiiil 

iKirtli  I'l  'li'' 

hv  caM'i'ii' 

«■  h\  Uaww: 

licr  stMw.ui 

lilllf  f.nu,.i 

(NK.  l..\  1.. 

•«'  liiiulf  I'ln 

BiU'lli'S  iibciii: 

eRt-liin-  11^1- 

tllf  11(11  liniii 

•I'l.       I'A'ltt 

It  t\v()t:i:i~-y 

silij;lo  ^rlilli- 

liiii  is  M  111. 

i  ''J 


I  \4 


«*'<;. 


^^»    ►-.w,- 


^^€..a^«#^^^^ 


./^' 


CmcsiIk  Head.  K.  f  N..  I'i  milci!. 


(iiiumy  Htiad,  filOfrt-t. 


^^ 


-,-i'". 


....^•'<<' "■**-! 


.^-">- 


•tv---. 


^-li^  '^''i^''-''^'^^'^"^*^'^'-'^--^''-'^''"'''^^'^  ^'    '-•'■-"'i^      ,v.-rrgrgrr;^;CT-BiT-^ 


CasoiMlo  H«ad,  SE.  b;  E.  1 E.,  18  niilea. 


I^ioii"}  lino  iif  white  sand  dnnpB  inside.      Hayotack  Koi'k,  K.  i  8.,  14  niilc.x. 
Cape  Kiwanda. 


Kutranco  NeHtiiggali  Uivcr. 


""^^ 


ilii 


i  n . 


WlHIl 

inMisli  cli 

tl.r  llOltlllM 
MililftillH'S 

As  sec 
Itiw.  with  <i 

solllll  of  til 

iwciitysix 
laiiil  to  lilt 

Til.'   M 

ihiriy  lift 
i>M  lii^li  r 
iliis  pait  ti 
null'  I'l'iilii 
tills  tVot  li 
111  lilt"  >'<•«■ 
'Klu'iv 
CiscaiU'  II 
This  ^ 
iiair  mill'  t 
Mill  is  shii 
A  lint 
Casfiitk'  I 
i!ic  stmt  In 
IS  ihf  tliii 
left  liijih  I 
Tin- 
tut)  iivt'ln' 
Insiil 
huinlri'd  I 
At  tl 
ii|iiin  tht' 
iinrrt)W  ^^ 
point  on 
liijili,  ant 
lis  to  na 
Minthfin 
lo  thf  sol 
IS  I'oiniiai 
tliroutih 
Thfi 
locUv  el: 
ai'pth  of 
Thf 
lU'tfiinii 


In.) 
Fioi 


rACII'IC    COAST   riLOT. 


427 


When  tilt'  ri»iitl  Itcars  wist  Ity  iiortli,  iiiiil  alumt  ten  or  twelve  miles  distaiit,  tlie  yellow  or 
ivdilisli  clill's  under  tlie  iivvcu  iiieta  on  tlie  i^oiitV  side  of  tiie  Neeliesne  lliver  sliow  elciiiiy,  and  iit 
ilir  northern  end  oltliat  nie.sa  there  are  Die  dark,  roeky  elifls  nnder  the  frrassy  hillock  which  have 
xniietinies  been  mistaken  Cor  a  iiij;h  rotk  elose  inshore. 

As  seen  from  the  noithwest,  at  a  distance  ofalioiit  eij;hteen  miles,  thejioint  of  the  cajie  seems 

low,  with  only  m I  the  four  clitVs  showing,  and  heyond  it  the  same  j;rassy  head  and  iiri;;lit  clill's 

siPiilli  of  the  Neeliesne  entrance.  Cape  Foulweather  is  seen  jnsl  on  thehori/on.  At  a  distance  of 
iv.tntysix  miles  the  Cajie  is  almost  snnk  to  the  hoii/.on  under  distant  mountains,  and  the  hi{;lier 
liiid  to  the  northeast  of  the  cape  shows  well  alio\e  it. 

Tlie  southern  and  westeininost  limit  of  the  cape  is  a  bold,  rocky  cliiViisin^  to  live  hundred  niid 
iliiriy  feet  in  two  hundred  and  foity  yaids  from  the  sea,  and  running;  to  the  easfnortlieasi  (IONIC.) 
i-M  lii;:h  rid;;c  covereil  wilii  forests  and  the  south  slopes  j;reen.  Thert- are  no  <iutlyin;;' dan;;ers  at 
iliis  |iart  of  the  head,  but  three  lar^;;!-,  black  rocks,  already  nu'iitioned,  stretch  out  one-third  of  a 
mile  from  the  south  face.  The  two  hirj;crare  alMMil  i'i}.'lit\  yaids  each  in  extent  and  seventy  and 
litt\  feet  liij;li.  r.etwcen  them  is  the  si.iallertuie,  only  twenty  feet  Iiiiil.  They  aie  directly  in  front 
III  the  Nechesne  IJiver,  and  it  is  possible  there  may  be  a  boat  landinj;  behind  them. 

There  are  no  known  hidtli'ii  dan;;ers  outside  of  the  visil.ie  rocks  close  under  tin;  shore  of 
I'.iseade  Mead. 

This  southern  point  is  only  one-third  of  a  mile  broad,  and  on  the  North  side  there  is  nearly  a 
iiatl' mile  of  v<'ry  broken  face  imue  than  live  bundled  feel  liii,'h,  and  showiii};  i|uite  red  when  the 
>iiu  is  sliinin;;:  upcni  it. 

A  line  of  four  rocks  one-ei};litli  of  a  mile  from  tiie  clilVs  com'neiiees  Just  north  of  the  red  clitVof 
Cascade  Head  ;  these  rtu'ks  are  torts  to  lilty  feet  liiyli.  Sc\  eiiei^iiiths  of  a  mile  northward  from 
I'le  soutlu'in  point  of  the  cape  there  is  a  rock  about  forty  live  feet  lii;;h  with  two  arches  in  it;  this 
!■<  the  third  rock  of  the  line.  At  one  mile  there  is  a  sharp  point  of  clitf  with  tlit  fourth  rock  forty 
Icct  hi;;li  close  under  it. 

The  surface  of  the  Moubh'  Arcii  Kock,  forty  or  (ifty  feet  lii;;li,  slopes  to  the  westward ;  the 
twoarches  are  seen  from  the  northward. 

Inside  and  cast  of  this  middle  point  of  the  cape  there  is  a  broad,  broken  clitf  as  Iii},'h  as  seven 
liumlrcd  and  si'vi  nty-thiee  feet  at  the  casiciniinpst  part  and  ninety  t>    ;  feet  at  the  northern  part. 

.\{  this  ninety  two  Icet  iioini  there  is  a  small  stream  breakinj;-  tlironj;li  u  ..harp  valley  directly 
upon  tlie  sea,  and  a  ca.scade  tails  upon  the  rocli\  shore.  Five  hundred  yards  north  of  it  in  a  deep, 
narrow  cove  there  is  aiiotiier  stream  Icapiii;;  into  the  sea,  but  it  is  soon  shut  in  by  tliejuttin}i 
point  on  the  north  side.  The  ridyi'  betMceii  the  twocas<'ades  is  eij;lit  liundred  and  forty-six  feet 
lii;;li,  and  the  rid;;t'  to  the  north  two  hiiiidred  and  lifty  eifjht  b'ct.  Tlie.se  peculiarities  prompted 
us  to  name  this  headlami  ('a.-icade  Head  in  l.stlT.  When  apiuoached  fnuii  the  north,  with  the 
southern  extremity  of  the  i  ajie  bcariny  soulii  by  east  (S.  bv  I"..,,  two  rocks  apiiear.just  tanjjent 
lo  the  south  point,  but  arc  really  nearly  a  mile  north  by  west  (N.  by  \V.)  from  it.    The  outer  one 

IS  ( paratively  low  and  broad,  and  li.is  two  arches  tlirou^'li  it  ;  the  inner  arch  is  the  larger,  and 

liiron^h  it  is  seen  the  beach  lie\oiid.      I'lii.-  ruck  has  already  been  ilescribcd. 

There  are  no  Known  hidden  daiiueis  .so  iiiiich  as  a  ipiaiter  of  a  mile  from  the  faces  of  the 
rockv  clilVs.  We  In^ve  passed  witliiii  a  mile  ot  it,  and  the  reconnai.ssance  chart  of  1^"::5  f;ives  a 
depth  of  twenty-one  fathom-  of  water  about  one  mile  broad  olf  the  head. 

The  ncojiiaphical  position  of  the  soutlieiii  and  \\esteriimosi  point  of  Cascade  Uead  has  been 
determined  b_\  the  C  S.  Coast  and  (leodetic  .Survey  ilSST)  as  follows; 

l.aliliiilr '•''     "•-'      ''•'     "'•'•'I'- 

LiiMK Ii' '•'     '"      ""     "■™'- 

(11,  in   liiiir   -"    "'"'  "'■•'' 

In  .laniiarv,  ls>''.  the  mai;iii'lie  variation  was  21    07'  east,  with  a  yeaily  increase  of  I'.S. 
From  Cascade  lleail  we  have  the  following'  beariiifis  and  distances  to  important  objects : 

Cnpr  (IHiihI  t.i-lilliiMisf S-  11'  H-  i:"'    mill's. 

i.i|)..  (iirum.N  l.inhl-li.insc S.  t:i  !■:.  U»    miles. 

YiuiMiiia  Iliii'.ln  l.inlil  lions.' i^  I'J     l-.  v!.',',  niilcH. 

C'lipi' I'linlwratliir  (w.stcniiniist  (loim) ^  1^'  '^  '•■•  HI}  mill's. 

Cap.,  l.i.iiliiint ^'  -"  W.  I7J  miles. 

Tillainimk  l{.)fk  I.inlit-lii.nsi' N-  •-'"  W-  'f    miloH. 

Cnpo  DLsBiilHiiiiliiit'iit  LiKlit-liim.w N.  '.'1  W.  74    miles. 


H  i'i 


U 


428 


tacii-'k;  (roAsT  pilot. 


From  till'  ii<«rtli  point  of  ('iisciidc  Hcjid  tlio  sliorc  icln-ats  to  tlu>  nortliiioitliia.st  (NM; 


oiu- and  oiU'(|Uiul('r  inik's  witli  a  liold,  roiK\  .slioic  li.sinn'  lo  live  Imiidifd  iVot  iiMuictl 
mill'.  Tlu'  stci'psidi'd,  ibicslrd  valley  oC  tlif  Ncscowcn  or  Slab  i'nvk  opens  upon  tl 
lieaili,  wiu'io  tin-  tinibi'is  of  a  wnrli  wm-  distinetl.v  xisiblc  as  we  passed  within  a  iiilli 
.lnl\,  1S(J7.  The  valley  eonies  tVoni  the  sonllieasiwani  lietween  l)ij;li,  wooded  hills,  ami  (iinciiv 
otVtlii-  month,  at  the  edp'  of  tlie  low-water  beaeh,  is  a  iticUy  islet  abont  two  hnndied  .in. I  liCtv 
yards  in  extent  and  estimated  to  lie  one  hniidnd  and  tweiitv  feet  hi'tli. 


(uv 


iihl  I'l'  a 

II'    'Mllllv 

il  ill 


S!<th  Cnd;. — 'I'liis   is  a  eonsideiable  stream  jnst    noith  tif  Cascade  Head.     Tlu- r 


ocl 


I  hi' 


monlli  isiiiie  iiiindri  d  anil  twenty  feel  iiijih.  and  the  top  is  eovered  with  j^rass  ami  a  few  low  n 
bill  it  is  toil  eldsc  to  the  slime  to  show  prominently  as  a  landmark. 


There  is  -iood   land  aloii^r  the  vallev  ol   Slab  C'lei'k   and  eijilil  or  ten  settlers  have 


mmUmI 


n|ion  It. 


AbicasI  the  eoast  between  Cascade  Head  and  the  Nestii;:uali  i;i\cr  theCoast  Itanj,'e  iiiiimiiimih. 


alllioii;;li  no!  hij;h,  appmaeh  the  shore  within   ten  oi    twelve  miles;  but   larther  noithwai«l 


ilii" 


reeei 


le  a; 


am. 


THK   NESTUGGAH   BAY  AND   RIV1:R. 


'I 


J       ..|1 


Noilh  (if  Cascade  Head  there  is  a  sand  beacji  stretching  over  seven  miles  to  the  nmilihy 
west  (N.  iiy  W.j  until  it  reaches  the  lower  clilV  of  the  Cape  Kiwanda  abreast  the  llaystacU  Lmk. 
1  III  media  I  el  \  liehind  the  11 1st  mile  or  two  isa  narrow  line  of  iiMrshcs,  and  thence  to  the  nioiitli  ni  iIh' 
Nestujit^ali  ilir  beach  is  naiinwcd  and  the  nndnlalin;;  hillocKs  lieantifnily  ureeii  with  fern  In  tlnn 
summits,  which  ijsc  to  fuc  hundred  and  tliiity  leet  elevation,  niaikcd  heieand  then'  with  j^invcs 
of  alder  and  spiiice.  Ilchind  these  ^'lecii  hills  the  moiintain  forests  arc  burned  to  the  line  nl'  ilic 
Coast  iinj;e. 

The  enlrance  to  tlu'  Nestii;;^:ali  is  live  and  one-third  miles  almost  due  north  from  the  Nnriln  in 
Point  of  Cascade  Head. 

Tlu' landmark  tor  the  apinoach  to  this  stream  is  Haystack  [lock,  described  on  pauc  I'J'i.  ImiI 
the  closi'r  maik  for  the  cntiance  is  three  or  four  ;;reeii  hillocks  risin;,'  from  three  hundnil  tn  H\i' 
huinlred  and  thirty  feet  lii;;li  and  erowdin;;  to  the  slmre  to  forni  I  lie  southern  and  left  bank  nt  iln- 
river,  'II  le  beach  at  the  sea  w  aid  f.ice  of  the  slopiii;;  hills  is  low  and  s.iinly,  w  ith  one  small  la;;iiiiii 
jiiside  the  beach  a  mile  smith  ot  the  enlrance.  Stretching;  irmn  Cape  Kiu"ida  at  the  iiuiih 
towards   Miesiiiitli    head  of  the  entrance  to  tee   bav 


low,  narrow   sand 


three  miles  li'ii-. 


Il  ends  in  . I  ver.v  nariow  point  which,  at  the  examiiiatimi  of  bssii,  niipiiiaclicd  the  base  oi  the 
hillock  on  the  soiilii  side  ot  the  entrance  w  illiin  less  than  one  cj^lilh  of  a  mile.  I'loiii  the  sniiiiiiil 
of  the  smith  head  a  broad,  iiearlv  level  iidj;e  runs  northward  nearly  two  miles  inside,  and  nciilv 
parallel  with  the  noiili  sand  spit,  and  ends  in  a  broad  tii'c  eovi'ied  point  bchnid  which  lioih.' 
Little  Nestiiti;;.tli  iJav. 

In  l^s:!  there  was  lepoited  to  be  a  depth  ot  six  feet  of  water  11)1011  the  bar  at  the  eiitraiin'  {„ 
th'  Ncsliii;;;ali,  with  a  constant  lireaker,  but  a  small  schooner,  tailed  the  l\(itf  tiiiii  .!«/(/(,  luni 
ciosmmI  it  scveial  times  witii  that  dranj;lit. 

ill  the  Slimmer  of  ISsT  dieie  was  estiinati'd  to  be  live  feel  of  water  on  llie  bar  at  the  enlia!'i v. 
which  is  poor.     'I'lie  small  steamer  always  loiiclu's  the  bar  when  enlcrin;;  m  Icav  in;;. 

iii.liilv,  l.ss!»,  thedeplii  of  water  on  the  bar  ot  the  Nestn;;;;ah  is  reported  three  feet  al  .« 
tide,  and  not  over  nine  tect  on  the  lar;^e  tides. 

Inside  the  entrance  the  bay  or  la;;ooii  is  shaped  like  a  [J,  w  illi  the  bottom  of  the  Icttir  tin  ^i 
to  till'  north,  and  the  dividing  peninsula  is  the  hi^h  rid^e  which  ends  in  a  tree civeicd  |i  .; 
alrcadv  dcsciibed.  The  wesleiii  arm  -il  the  bav  is  known  as  the  Ncstii^;;;ali,  and  the  eastern  ,11  n  i- 
the  Little  NcslM;i;,Ml'.     They  ale  about  ei|iial  ill  area,  each  about  one  and  three  ipiarters  milesl.    . 

by  half  a  mile  broad,  but  the  Little  Nestn^'};iih  is  surrounded  by  exteiisivc  marsh  lands.     liolli 

lilli'd  with  .sand  and  mud  Hats,  bale  at  low  water.  Into  the  .soutlnastern  part  of  the  l.i;  :. 
Nestii;.'^ah  empties  the  river  of  the  same  name:  and  into  the  northwest  part  of  the  NestU};niih  !■  ■ 
opposite  the  mulhcin  end  III  the  dividing  riil^'e,  empties  the  Nestu^';;ah  liiver,  up  which  tin  i  !. 
isic|imtcd  to  How  alioiit  six  miles.  IJetv.ceii  the  whole  leii^'th  of  the  Neslu^'jiah  I'.ay  and  ;;;• 
liisl  two  miles  of  the  Nestnt'jjah  Itiver  on  the  east  and  the  ocean  .shore  on  the  west  lies  the  s.in  1. 
peninsula  which  be^'ins  abreast  the  Haystack  Kock  and  runs  southeastward  three  and  a  tli /I 
niiles  to  the  entrance  of  the  bay. 

This  low    peninsula  is  nearly  three  iiuarterN  of  a  iiiilo  broiid  about  midway  or  abreast  im 


I'acikk;  coast  i-ii-or. 


429 


niniilh  of  tlip  Ni'stiif;j;iili  IJivrr,  luid  at  tliis  broiid  part  tlio  sand  (Iiiiies  rise  liiglicr  tlian  elwwiiero. 
At  Olio  tnilo.  iKtrtliwcslwaid  of  tin-  ciitiaiicc  to  tlic  river  into  tlio  l>ay  the  lornifr  licnds  to  tlio 
\\i  stwani  and  aiiiiroaciics  llic  ocimh  sliuic  witliin  less  t!ian  onc-til'tli  of  a  niili'  at  a  point  one  niiio 
I I  Capo  Kiwaiida.     It  is  nnl  miiikcl.v  that  the  river  formerly  broke  through  here. 

Tho  hills  around  the  bay  are  veiy  {jenerally  devoid  of  trees,  and  are  covered  with  fjrass  and 
ir'ii.  They  reach  livehniMlred  feet  elevation  and  are  underlaid  by  hard  basalt  whicli  tjrops  out 
II.  II'  the  shore  at  various  places. 

'the  sand  fr<nn  the  oeean  shore  is  drift  m1  by  the  sninnior  winds  over  the  peninsula  and  lias 
I  ( DMStant  tfMideney  to  ovcrwlielin  the  bay.     Tliese  dunes  are  fioin  fifty  to  sixty  feet  hiyli. 

One  mile,  back  from  the  ocean,  on  the  north  side  of  the  I!ij;  Nes;u;;yah,  is  tlie  village  of  Woods, 
u.ih  a  snnill  sawmill,  and  a  population  of  two  hundred  i>eople.  Kalmon  in  ^reat  numbers  enter 
ihc  river  to  sjiawn  ;  hence  a  larf;i'  cannery  was  built  here  in  1887,  on  the  outer  bay  half  a  mile 
iiiiiu  the  entrance.     A  small  sawmill  has  been  built  a  little  l.ijiher  up. 

The  f;eoi;;rai>liical  position  of  tin'  mouth  of  the  river  was  determined  by  the  U.  S.  Coast  and 
(irodelic  !Sur\ey,  with  close  ap|iro.\imation,  in  1SS7. 

Tlu^  summit  of  the  western  };rassy  hillock  is  f;iven  ;  it  lies  about  half  a  mile  southeast  by  east 
iliice  (juarters  east  (KE.  by  K.  J  V].)  from  tlie  bar. 

Latiliidr 't.')'-  i'!t'  10"  nortli. 

J,i)iif;iiMili' I'Jii     .")*'    IS"    wi'Ht. 

This  hillock  is  eleven  and  oiu'lhird  miles  south  thirty-two  deforces  east  (S.  .'W^  K.)  from  Capo 
Lookout,  tlie  line  passiii^Just  inside  the  extremity  ofCaiie  Kiwaiida. 

On  the,  LM  of  Dccenibcr,  JS.Sd,  diiriii};  a  hard  storm  of  thick  weather,  the  I'.ritish  bark 
( iirmortlirn  ('(fstlc  went  ashore  on  the  south  side  of  tlii'  Nestimjjah  entrance. 

The  course  of  the  Nestu^fii'l'  l^iver  is  (|iiile  sliort  ;  it  li'X's  in  the  east-northeast  (ENE.)  in 
till  farthest  recession  of  the  western  llaiiks  ol  li.e  i  oast  Kanyf  mountains,  which  nortli  of  this 
rucr  leave  the  coast  from  fifteen  to  twenty  miles. 

The  reconnaissance  oi  IS.'itl  has  no  stream  in  this  vicinity.  In  the  reconnaissance  of  iS.W  the 
till'  same  was  niisai>i(lied,  and  the  mistake  has  been  continued.  On  the  sectional  ma])  of  iJiv^mi, 
i^.Sfi,  it  is  shown  to  be  tlie  Nestiif;uali,,  with  a  small  settlement  named  Oretown  on  the  Little 
Ncstii<:;{;ah,  and  a  town  named  Ilcho  ten  miles  up  the  Nestii'^-^.Mh.  The  latter  drains  a  larfjfe extent 
111  moderately  low,  rolliiij^  country.     In  I8.s;!  the  name  of  the  bay  was  sjielled  Nestncca.* 

De  JMofras  represents  the  Haystack  Uock  on  iiis  chart,  and  under  it  is  the  li""  del  Eufjario. 


« 


u 


't  I 


IIAVSTArK  KOCK. 

The  principal  feature  and  landmark  in  the  a]iproach  to  the  coast  near  the  Xestuggah  River  is 
tiie  Haystack  L'ock,  which  lies  half  a  mile  olV  the  slnne  line  three  and  onetiftli  miles  northwest  by 
iMirth  (N\V.  by  N.)  Ironi  the  entiancc;  or  three  and  three  (luarters  miles  north  tliirty-ei«lit  dej;rees 
\MSt  (N.  .'tS  \V.)  Iioni  the  wi  stein  {;reen  hillock  behind  the  south  point  of  the  entrance.  The 
imsition  of  this  rocky  islet  marks  the  north  end  of  the  loiij;-  sand  spit,  north  of  the  entrance,  which 
iiicrcaaes  in  liei.ulit  to  sand  hills  alireast  the  Haystack.  \\"e  pa.s.sed  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of 
this  islet  in  18(17,  ami  when  abreast  of  it  there  ajipears  a  lar-e  slit  on  its  .steeply  sloping  northern 
Mile  »'.\teii.linjr  iialf  its  hci-hl,  as  if  a  larj-t',  irregular  slab  of  rock  were  lying  against  the  islet  and 
only  touched  at  the  top  and  liottoiii.  The  height  of  the  rock  is  three  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
fiet ;  Its  outline  is  nearly  like  a  lia,\  stack,  and  its  color  is  dark  more  than  halfway  up,  especially 
oil  the  north  side,  and  white  {.Inl.\  i  mi  top  Irom  the  accniiimulation  of  guano.  This  prominent  rock 
-hows  out  well  because  the  land  lieluiid  it  is  eompaiatively  low  for  some  distance;  and  the  low, 
M'llow  clills  to  the  111. nil  .lie  only  half  its  iieij;lil.  It  is  nearly  lialfa  mile  from  the  nearest  part  (f 
<  ,ipe  Kiwaiiila,  and  it  appeared  tmis  that  there  niiglil  bea  pa.ssage  inside  of  it. 

When  a  vessel  is  close  iiisliuie  in  the  vicinity  of  (ape  Lookout,  Haystack  Kock  is  seen  stand- 
iig  well  out  from  the  low   sand  sjiit  half  a  mile  inside  of  it. 

From  the  we.steinmost  point  ol  (ape  I'onlwealher  this  notable  landm.'rk  bears  north  thirteen 
ilegrees  west  (N.  1.'.  \V.),  distant  twenty  six  and  three  iiuarters  miles.  Ii  lies  just  niueniiles  north 
ilinteeli  degrees  west  (N.  LI  '  W.)  from  the  middle  |.oinl   of  Cascade  Head  near  the  Double  Arch 


•Till-  CniiNt  Snrv.v    r.  i  "iiniiiKWimc  stirrt   lsr,;i  yiv.s  ll„.  i,a N,  slii(;-;ili,  iillliiMi-li  m.  n.iiiiiiniiicali.m  was  Im.l 

.illi  llir  iiiiliVH:  Cililm.  Ill    Min,  |H>,  NVh  tnu-Kii-     I'Miiih  .•li.iil  ll'T'.l,  ls<y-V.'.'  iisilinCoiiM  Siirvry  ,iMt1...ilt,v,   N.'S- 
tiiKK.il'  ;   <>"'M"'i  •'^(•'•'■.  <"i"il>.  i"i<l  M'-'li.Mial  iiiai-,  IsTI,  NrstnuKU  :  Ho.  Kwi'H.  Iss".  N.Mii.'ttt;  ll»^  Mi-ttlfr,s,  N..,M|,uf,k. 


*,!i^* 


430 


PACIFIC   COAST   PILOT. 


Hock  ;  and  sovoii  and  (Ivooiglitlis  uiilos  soi'.tli  t\v»  iity  cifilif  do;;i«'os  oast  (8.  2S"  K.)  from  tliccvinin 
itj-  of  Cajio  Lookout.  Tlio  ni-arost  point  of  Cajio  Kiwanda  is  oiglit  Iiuiidrcd  an<l  fifty  yanU  imiili 
twonty  dt'groos  vast  (N.  '-'oo  E.). 

Tlio  gcogiaiihical  posilion  of  tlio  liigliost  point  of  tlu'  Haystack  Rock  was  closely  dctciiuiind 
by  tlic  U.  S.  Coast  and  Clcodotic  Survey  in  1887,  as  follows: 

Liilitiuli' i:,    Vi'Vi"  nortli. 

l-'iiiHitiulv I'j:!    W.t'  l."i"     west. 

On  the  afternoon  of  April  20,  ITUL',  Vancouver  laid  down  this  islet  on  his  chart  in  l.iiiiiuli 
45°  ll.V  dose  under  the  shore.    (Vol.  I,  page  L'O!).) 

TeltenkotV  places  it  in  the  same  position,  evidently  from  Vancouver,  hut  he  has  no -.'.kh;, 
south  of  it.     He  has  a  stream  called  the  Kautie  Hiver  four  miles  to  the  north  t)f  it. 

The  Indian  name  of  this  rock  is  Ta-dalsal'-lo. 

Tin  lluijstiuk  litn'k. — A)uli(iiO(ic. —  It  is  rejiorted  that  over  the  shoal  groniul  south  of  tlii'  Il:i\ 
stack  Kock  there  is  very  fair  anchorage  for  small  vissels  in  six  fathoms  ot  water.  Over  tins  lin 
bottom  lialiliut  have  Ih'cu  caught.     (July,  18S!».) 

The  iHiiij  Ldli/c. — The  discoveier  of  this  ledge  says  that  the  hidden  danger  lies  two  ami  i  h.u' 
miles  south  ."-onthwest  (SSW.)  from  the  Haystack  Itock,  where  he  found  live  fathoms  ol  u^nir. 
and  wiieri'  less  water  may  probably  be  tbuiul.  He  lonnd  the  ledge  by  the  surge  of  the  m.i  omi 
it  in  ordinary  weather.  It  does  not  break  in  the  ordinary  northwest  swell,  but  Itreaks  In  ivilv 
with  a  large  southwest  swell. 

Tile  ledge  is  evidently  not  a  pinnacle  rock  because  two  large  breaks  have  been  noticed  it  iln 
same  time  and  both  have  areas  of  foam  behind  tlu'iii. 

The  break  upon  this  danger  was  seen  by  the  discoverer  from  the  bluff  at  the  nioutii  m  tlic 
Nestnggah  in  southwest  weather,    (duly,  bSS'.t.) 

(•aim;   KtWANDA,  OU   SAND   CAPR. 

Half  a  mile  north  northeast  (NNIO.)  of  the  Haystack  l{ock  conimencpR  a  low,  cavern  unm. 
yellowisli  ciilVdt' sandstone,  with  its  to]»  covered  witii  grass  and  fern,  and  the  inside  sloiic  ni\iii,! 
with  fit'cs.  The  Miiitlicin  end  of  this  line  of  clilV  is  at  the  north  4'nd  of  the  low  sand  liills  i.|  \W 
Nestuggali.  and  the  ridge  over  it  gradually  rises  to  one  hundred  and  eighty-four  feet  elcviiinii 
and  extends  nearly  a  mile  and  a  half  northward  where  a  very  small  stream  of  water  i>  mui 
cutting  ilirnii;;li  the  beach  at  low  water.  >'early  a  mile  lu'liiml  this  yellow  line  of  elilV  ami  ii-iii,' 
from  the  point  there  is  a  iiiodeiately  long,  white  ridge  of  sand  hills  burned  over.  Tlie\  umIm 
about  live  hundred  teet  elevation  and  ajipcar  as  bright  as  sand  dunes  when  seen  from  seaw;ii>l. 

The  combination  ol  the  Haystack  Hock,  the  yellow  elltVs,  ami  this  white,  sandy  ridge  liilnii'! 
the  ca]ie.  tiigi'tlifi'  with  liare  hill.s  ii  niile  northward,  is  a  peculiar  feature  and  landmark.  Tiirii-  > 
another  white  line  beliiml  Cape  I,oiikout.  but  without  the  other  two  filatures. 

The  cape  itself  is  a  very  small,  naii'ow  )irojectioii  of  less  than  half  a  mile,  fnun  the  j;i mi  il 
tieiid  of  the  shore.     Noiiliward  of  it  there  is  a  broail  low-water  beach. 

This  comparatively  low  jHiint  or  cajie  iscomjiosed  ot  sandstone  and  is  much  eroded.  Ontn|iMi 
this  arc  the  loose  diiltiiig  white  sand  <iuncs.  'i'he  nearly  bare  sand  hills  adjacent  were  Ioimm  il' 
covered  with  spruce  and  bull  itine.  but  these  havi-bcen  swejit  by  fire  and  only  the  gray  siiiii!|- 
irmaiii.  'Ihese  .saiul  liills  icach  an  elevation,  along  tlie  banks  of  the  liig  Nestuggali,  of  tlirct-  in  ~i\ 
hundred  I'cet  near  the  town  of  Woods. 

iSoine  of  ilicM'  sand  dunes  have  eiiv»doped  sjirucc  trees  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  high. 

These  (liiiies  are  a  notable  fcatnie  from  seaward. 

From  Cajie  Kiwanda  to  the  entrance  to  Sand  Lake  a  broad  sand  beach  extends  for  thru  ami 
a  half  miles;  and  tor  one  and  a  half  miles  it  is  bordered  by  a  half  sandy  and  rocky  line  of  clnl. 

Ih'liind  this  three  and  a  half  mile  stretch  there  is  a  bare  hill  that  rises  to  eight  liiindn'il  ami 
fifty  feet  at  one  mile  inside  the  shore-line. 

The  geographical  position  of  the  Cape  is  given  by  its  relation  to  the  Haystack  IJock  ain  nlv 
described. 

In  IHtiT  we  designated  this  Cape  as  Haystack  Point  in  order  to  give  it  a  distinctive  iiinic. 
In  the  later  reonnaissances  of  18.s;}  and  1887  it  has  been  called  Sand  Capo  or  Cape  Kiwand.i. 

This  name  is  that  of  the  Indian  chief  in  that  vicinity. 

XtKtufifloh  to  L»<ik(>nt.~T\n'  hills  back  of  the  coast-line  from  the  Nestuggali  entrance  to  <  a|» 
Lookout  rise  higher  and  higher  as  thev  reach  to  the  eastwaid  until  the  culminating  siiniinii '>l 


ri 


m 


1 


i'l'Mli'iii 
'(1^  imitli 

tCIlllilM'll 


II  l.ltltllili' 

HI  .sUvaiii 

till'  !l;iy 
■I  tins  l!,u 

111(1  :l  ll.llf 

(if  u:itcr, 

('  SIM  (IVIT 

is  liiavily 
('('(1  .11  llii' 
Ulli  (il  llii- 


vcM'iiwcirii. 

|ic  cm  >ir,! 
Ilills  el  till' 
t  flcv.llioli 
tcr  IS  srrli 

iiiul   n-iii-' 

llt',V    I  isf  til 

(■a\\;iiii. 
(Ijjc  1m  IhimI 

,.       'I'llCll.S 

lie    j;rlu'l.il 

On  tif' 
■  re  till  Mull.^ 

rfilV   StUMIli> 

tlnt'c  111  MX 
)r  tlim'  ;iii'l 

llOiif  dill. 
iilli(ll»'«l  :iiiil 

tock  illli:ii^ 

ictivo  iiaiin'' 
Liwaml.i. 

mice  t(i '' i|"! 
ig  Kimiinii  uij 


*„i< 


■nppfip 


The  Ha\-l:i.  k.  :i'.':  (rut  il'ioin  lli 


*•    WfSt  W  .11(1 


,^,—^'^' r^'^f;-* •**  ,55;.;>j"v- 


Mm  k  iiiillitiv  Iti  liii/r.  cli 


f^  ''^lg{Bt.JKi,nii;ii  rSrJM'-^ill'y^^^^  '"i"?  n'.a?8B;ji>Ti;V~j 


C'aiic  I.Dok.'iit.  NK.  Iiy  N.  J  N.,  IT  iiiilf 


Saiiil  ijii.i 


Cfipi'  Kiu:iii(l:i.       MayNlHi  k  Kipik,  li'-'T  fict. 


-?. 


ir- 


---<: 


L.^> 


C(i,->e  Lookout,  NK.  b.v  K.  t  T  .  II  riiili 


Mniiiit  llt'cv 
III.  iiiirtliiTii 


* '( 


ft 


.lust  lW( 

IM.K'h.        It    ll 
III  llic  t'jI.Sl  « 

ijiiilli  iiritl  .-<! 

|l,lll.      'I'lic 

l.i'.'iion  !.'<  ll"' 

I  III'    I'llllllllC 

A.iiiT.     1 1  i> 

riic  .SUM 

>i'ini)l»\  Sill! 
'riic  iKir 

\v :  1 1 1 1 . 

'I'Ih'Ic  ;ii 
iiiiiii  till'  fill 
I. lie  IS  live  ;ii 
■.(•vi'ii<'i;;li|] 

lU'liiiiil 
w  il  ll  :l  si'ciill 
liiiiil  llii^  ii;i 
;i|i;irl.      'I'lirl 
r>S7  tlltl  K-\\.\ 

All  mill 
ii.iri'owcr  to' 
lll'l  111  ol'  111* 
liliy  to  "III'  1 

111'    lu'lls    111' 

.liii'i'l  ion  lie: 
l..iiikiiiit.     '1 

'I'liti  reel 
,iii<i  a  ii:iir  11 

<':l|u'  I.I 
I.  iiKii'kalily 
ll  ilu'  iiiiifr 
i..  Ili;;t'ii 
'  111'  wlioit^  11 

'J'lii'  son 
Hull.     .\lio\ 
liiiiiilrcd  to 
^alialbiislic: 

Tilt'  SOI 
mill  ll  sjilr. 

OiiIIk' 
liv  two  or  tl 

Tilt'  wo 
riiliniiiatt's  I 
iiiiiii  till'  so 
ilii'  CaiH'. 
il.SST)  to  lia 

Tilt'  l.a 
lltatl  an-  s 

lilt'    SOUtllt'l 

rocky  fact' 


■f:      • 


l.f. 


I'ACIIIC    ('OAST    I'lI.OT. 


4;;i 


Mniiiit  llccvi)  is  ivailicd.     Tlic  wlmlc  (•(iiinlr.v  Ims  Im-cii  liiinicd  ovit,  except  in  tlie  (:j'>1<'I"'m  •!'•<•  on 

111.  northern  sides  (if  nivines,  and  Inistles  with  enoriMoiis  standing  tnink.s  of  whitened  trees. 

• 
(.'Ari'.  I.OOKOIT. 

.lust  two  miles  north  of  the  Ila.vstaek  Kock  a  very  small  stream  of  water  cuts  through  the 
iir.icli.  It  drains  an  insi-nilieant  jiniid;  liciiind  it  are  liare  lidls.  Tiie  shoreline  reeedes  slightly 
I..  :lie  eastwaid  for  m^arly  Iwo  nnlcs  farther  to  the  entranenof  a  Iii>;(ion  nearly  lliree  miles  lonjj, 

'h  and  smith,  and  twn  tliirds  of  a  nnle  Itiuad,  with  a  small  stream  eomiii},'  into  the  northern 

|inl.     The  snuliiein  pari  lies  iicisc  iimlci  ihi'  south   iioiiit  of  the  ent  ranee,  for  nearly  a  mile.     This 
l.iu'oon  IS  iiuallN  known  as  Sai;d  Lake,  Imt  tin'  Indian  name  is  Xiiirii<iiiiili,itv  Naw.'.ka. 

It  ,i|i|.cais  as  a  eoiisi.l.ial)le  Ixidy  of  water  at   IiIkIi  lid(..  l.ntit  is  nearly  drained  at  low  tide. 

Ii.|.  eiilianee  is  ilirec  I li.d  and  twenty  yards  wide  at   hi^h  water  and  is  very  inirrow  at  low 

A.ilei-.     It  is  then  ford, liile  Ipiit  has  daiij^croiis  (|nlrksands. 

The  sonth  spit  olllic  eiitiaiice  is  a  short  peninsula  of  low  sand  lulls,  p. m. rally  set  with  low, 
Mini)liy  sallal  IpiisIhs  and  tei  n.     Tlieic  is  maisli  on  the  inside  of  tin.  peninsula. 

The  north  spit  is  a  hioad,  Ihil.  sandy  wasi(.,  wliieli  reaches  more  than  two  miles  to  the  nortli- 
Aiid. 

Tiieic  ate  two  hills  eastward  of  SamI  I,ak.  ;  the  soiithi'rn  one  is  nearly  two  miles  directly  in 
II. .ni  the  entrance.     They  aic  localccUrom  the  cxticiiiity  of  Cape  1.   okout  as  follows  :  Thesonthern 
.  :ir  IS  live  and  a  half  miles  south  si\l\  six  de;;rees  east  (.S.  (Ki    ]■].)■  and  the  norllicru  one  four  and 
I  \c'iici;;hths  miles  south  ei;:lity  se\en  (le;;rees  east  i.S,  ,S7'  I].). 

I'.ehiml  .Sand  Lake  the  land  rises  tostce)>  rounded  summits,  partly  luirned  over  and  uovered 
"iili  a  second  -lowth.  The  entr.ince  is  tlnee  and  four  lifths  miles  north  one-half  west  (N.  S  W.) 
h.ini  the  Haystack  Itock.  I'.otli  points  aic  low  and  saiuly.  ami  three  hundred  and  forty  yards 
.i|Mit.  'iiii'ie  is  a  small  stieam  at  low  water  ami  it  is  tonlcd.  hut  with  daiiKerons  (iuie.k.sand.  In 
fvs;  III)' channel  ran  to  the  soni  hu  anl  nearly  lialla  mile  south  of  the  entrance. 

An  nnluokcn  saiiil  licach  extends  from  Sand  Lake  to  the  walls  of  C'ajic  Lookout  ;  it  ^rows 
II, iirower  towards  the  noithcrn  limit,  and  changes  Irom  sand  to  ;;ravel  and  shiiif^le.  One  nnio 
ii.itli  of  the  entrance  there  <'oiiiiiieii(  es  a  c(Hilinnons  wall  of  periieudicniar  sandstom' clilfs,  from 
iiliy  to<me  hundred  and  lilt.\  feet  liiyh,  crowding  very  near  to  the  hiyhwater  line.  Cpoii  the  top 
lie  lit.<|s  of  sand.  These  wa;;|es  of  drifting'  sand  extend  from  the  north  spit  of  Wand  Lake  in  a 
iliiectioii  neatly  north,  in  a  hand  about  half  a  mile  hroad,  to  theliase  of  the  mountain  behind  Oaito 
Lookout.     This  sand  drift  Inims  a  luominent  feature  in  the  topoy:ra|ihy. 

The  reconmiissain'c  shcci  ^ives  two  or  thice  soumlinusof  thiily  fathoms  of  water  .ihont  one 
iiid  a  half  miles  fiom  the  shore  lictwccn  the  4ntiaiice  to  Sand  Lake  and  the  Haystack. 

('a|it>  Lookout  projects  shaipl.N  ami  lioidh  into  the  sea,  lor  one  and  a  half  miles.  It  is  a 
i.  inarkalily  iiariow  pimiiontoiN  of  hasaltic,  formation,  raiiuin;;  in  iiei;^hl  from  one  thousand  feet 
ii  the  iniirr  limit,  and  lour  hiindicd  and  twent\  live  feet  hi.uli  at  the  southwestern  ocean  extrem- 
is. In  ;;eneial  terms  it  is  a  llat  toppeil  cape,  allhon^h  it  is  cross-cut  by  se\cral  shar]ideiiressions; 
I  111'  whole  uppei'  surface  is  covered  with  a  dense  growth  of  lir  and  hemlock. 

'l"he  southern  face  of  this  basaltic  dike  is  almost  slrai;:ht  and  lies  in  a  west  southwest  diree- 
'loii.     Above  the  bare  and  bii;;h!  rtick\  exposure  of  the  clilfs  of  the,  southern  face  that  reach  four 
iiundred  to  ei;;lit  linndnd  liil  elevation   there  is  a  rapidly  risin;,'  line  that  is  •rreen  with  tern  ami 
,illal  bushes  ifachinj;  to  tlic  ed;;('  of  I  he  I'oicsl  :  these  clilfs  are  mark(.«i  by  small  ca\  erns. 

The  soMthein  fai'cof  the  inomontory  is  the  hi^^licr,  and  the  surface  slopes  <;iadnally  to  the 
iiiiithsidc.     'J'he  sijuare  ocean  frmil  face  ol    ;lie  cape  slopes  olf  to  the  northward. 

On  the  western  laic  of  the  clilfs  there  is  a  st  i  \  dccpcav  ern.  and  the  precipitous  clilf  is  nuirked 
l.y  two  or  tliiee  thin  ciiivin;;  lilies  of  darkci'  siiatilication,  dippiiii;  towards  the  iu)rlhwest. 

'I'lie  wooded  iid;;e  of  <  ape  l.nokont   is  tiansverse  to  the,  coastline  and  risin;;'  to  the  eastward 

eiilmiiiales  al  an  elevation  of  alioni  Iweiilv -live  hundred  feet,  three  and  two-thirds  miles  northeast 

iioiri  the  .s(Mitliwe.--t  an.ule  of  theCapc.  and  less  than  two  miles  from  the  ocean  beach  Just  north  ot 

i  III' Cape.     To  the  east  ward  of  I  his  summit  the  ridjic  falls  away.    This  ridfje  and  mountain  appear 

l^i.ST)  to  have  never  been  touched  by  lire. 

The,  basaltsof  Cape  Lookout,  nnlike  Ihoseof  Yaipiina  Heads,  Cape  l'\>nl weather, and  Cascadi' 

Head  are  solid  and  honiof^eneous,  and  in  sonic  places  prismali<' and  colummir.     Near  the  base  of 

the  s<Mitliern  lace  are  dceji  deposits  of  al>ii;;lit  ,\elh)vv  soil  and  clay,  which  have  parted  from  the, 

rM   lockv  face  of  the  mountain  in  great  slides.     One  enormous  slide  is  evidently  very  recent  (1SS7) 

Ii 


!-t 


432 


rAciiic  coAsr  i'ii,(»T. 


It} 


I 


ami  is  n  coiispiriious  liiiiilniiirk   Ik  in   llic  sniitliwanl.    Tlu'se  groiit  laiidslidt's  I'diui  ;i 
strewn  \w.\vh  liulf  a  iiiiU-  wide,  outside  ol'  wliieli  llie  water  is  a|i|>iiieiitl.v  vei\  ileep. 


Tiie  mutli  side  of  ('ape  l,()ol»oiit  is  eiit  l».v  th'ep  >;orj;es  and  ravines,  with  L'lcat 


ea\enis 


Iic:ir 


forest  oti  the  top  is  spriue  of  great  age  and  size,  witli  enormous  Itranelies  of  fantastic  sli; 
tlie  ground. 

<ireat  numbers  of  elk  frequent  tlie  dense  forests  of  Cape  Lookout. 

No  rocks  lie  olVtliis  Cajie,  hut  a  comparatively  small  one  appears  very  close  inslKuv.  i  ;i:ii, 
over  one  mile  to  llie  norllieast'.vard  of  the  point  ;  as  seen  from  the  muthweslward  this  id.  I,  1,,,^ 
an  aich  through  it. 

Tiie  Cape  projects  so  sharidy  into  the  sea  that  it  forms  a  good  Ice  with  sullicicnl   in.:, ,11,11 


under  the  South  side  for  a  safe  anchorage  during  heavy  northwest  weather. 

The  small    steamer  trading  to  the  Nestuggah  IJiver  uses  it  as  a  shelter  in  tl 


le  SUmillrl     w  ;iii|,, 
rln.i  til, 


At  the  time  wc  passed  it,  close  to,  it  seemed  as  if  the  laige  swell  of  the  Taeitit 
main  sliorc  in  full  force,  and  would  tiius  pre\cnl  a  hoat  landing  there. 

There  are  nodangers  oil'  tiu'  face  oi'  sides  of  this  Cape;  in  the  large  swell  from  tiic  iinii||»,st 
there  is  no  break  except  at  the  veiy  base  of  the  outermost  clills,  \.hicli  are  (Uie  liinidiiil  ami 
tw«'nl\li\t'  feet   high  to  the  tirsi  step. 

The  north  side  of  the  Cape  runs  northeast  half  east  one  and  three  i|uarlers  mlli-  1,,  ilii> 
straight  shore,  thence  to  tin'  Na  ta-ats  IMver  under  Cape  .Meares. 

This  north  side  of  the  Cape  is  one  and  three  (piarU'rs  of  a  mile  in  length  ami  is  \(i  li<,|i| 
I'.nd  clean  tor  the  first  mile;  then  the  face  is  in  places  broken  down,  and  is  narked  U\  i-.w^  .m\ 
eas<'adcs. 

When  tiieCaie  is  aii]iroache<l  tVom  the  southward,  and  the  vessel  is  abreast  tiic  ll,i\-i,i,l, 
Iiock,  it  appears  , is  the  point  of  a  great  wdodcd  tint  pxramiilal  mountain,  siretcliiiig  ;i1'(mii  liv,, 
miles  inland  wIktc  the  land  falls  away  to  low  ground  tor  several  miles,  and  a  p.vramidal  irnHnii.iin 
shows  till-  beyond  over  this  low  country.  At  the  eastein  foot  of  the  Lookout  .Mounlain.  |ii-i  (i\ir 
a  low  line  of  trees,  there  is  seen  a  white  line  iuside  the  shore,  being  tin'  .sandy  hills  and  tin  ~;i,jks 
of  drilling  sand  northward  of  the  Nawuggah  lii\cr. 

in  the  deepest  part  of  the  bight  under  the  Caiie  there  is  a  great  fresh  land  slide  ^1S^:  :  \h,- 
toji  of  this  bifak  is  nearly  eight  hundred  feet  high,  and  within  a  thiid  of  a  mile  the  laml  n  .i(lii.> 
an  elevation  of  lifteen  hundred  feet,  and  is  heavily  wooded. 

As  seen  from  the  southwest  the  to](  of  Lookout  .Mountain  appears  nearly  Hat,  and  iIm  |t>nj: 
slopes  to  seaward  ends  idtiuptly  with  the  white  elill  at  the  extremity  of  the  Cajpc  jiisi  11  miIi  ,1 
higher  wooded  head  lieyond.  The  toj)  of  the  mountain  is  thiee  and  three  (pnirters  milo  !inr;|i 
("ily  eight  degrees  east  (N.  'IS  V.)  of  the  «'Xtremily  of  the  Cape,  and  we  judged  this  Id  uaili 
three  thunsaml  ft  et  elevation,  but  this  may  bean  exaggeiated  estimate.  Inside  of  this -iiMniiit 
the  land  drops  to  the  eastward. 

I'ldiii  the  south  southwest  the  regular  form  of  the  mountain  stanilsout  very  eons|)icii(iii-l\. 

The  crest  of  the  Coast  Itange  moniilaius  lies  twi  iit.\  miles  to  the  east  of  Cape  LooUoni,  uilli 
some  tiansverse  Hanking  ridges  stietcliing  a  few  miles  to  the  westward.  It  is  Ihcurmi'  iiy 
likely  that  a  vessel  close  under  the  coast  line,  with  the  Coast  L'ange  hidtlen  by  clouds,  and  iln  inw 
land  by  haze  or  smoke,  would  make  Cape  Lookout  and  Lookout  Mountain  as  a  large  islainl. 

A\'heii  seen  from- the  west  northwest,  twi  Ive  to  lilteen  miles  distant,  the  Cape  scni.^  n'i'v 
e\-eiily  tlat  topped,  and  the  Coast  L'ange  mountains  is  seen  oxer  its  Southern  slope,  winli  iIh' 
I'igher  paifof  the  mountain  is  marked  by  a  notable  gap  in  which  stands  a  single  tall  lici'.  I  ln' 
crest  line  of  the  Ca]ie  and  nionntain   is  somewhat  iiKiie  irregular  from  this  direction  tiiaii  in  I'm 


norlhwan 


1  and 


ilhward.     Far  to  the  noilheast  is  seen  pait  of  the  Coas     IJange  oNcr  lln' 


slojie  of  Lookout  Mountain.  Cascade  Head  is  just  visibl,-.  but  the  mountain  behind  11  1  ■■^ 
above  it.  I'ar  on  the  southeast  hoiizon  aie  seen  the  lojis  of  the  peaks  behind  Cajie  Koiilwi  iM  '  1. 
From  the  noilhwest,  at  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles,  the  long  eicst  line  of  the  Cape  is  tiai.  in'l  j 
the  face  nearly  vertical;  and  in  the  distance  the  mountains  behind  Casiade  lU'ad  are  vet  \i-  i 
while  on  the  northeast  Hank  ol'  Lookout  -Mountain  the  higher  nniss  of  tlu?  Coast  L'ange  is  mc  n 


When  a  Vessel  is  twenty  lour  miles  to  the  northwesi  of  the  Cape  the  higher  part  si 


lows  a 


the   horizon  as  a  low    table  foi' some  distance  back   to  three  notches,  whence  the  crest  line  n 
moderately  regular  to  the  high,  double  peaked  Lookout  Mountain. 

I'rom   the  top  of  the  Cape  itself.  Cascade  Iiea<l   is  w<'Il  outsid<' the  Haystack  Koek,  ami 
beyond  is  the  point  of  Cape  Foulweather,  thirty  two  miles  distant,  and  just  above  the  horizon 


%.¥ 


4\ ' 


I'AciKic  coAsr  I'li.or.  48.'1 

TIic  K»'<'K'"'1>'''"'"1  position  (if  liic  soutliwcst  pint  of  tlir  ('ape,  (is  (Iftcrmiiiod  l»y  llio  U.  S. 
Cii.:>l  illltl  (icodftic  SiM\('_\,  is: 

l.iiliiii'l" ■\:>    -JH     111'  iiiiitli. 

LiiiiKilinli' 1-.'.|    (III     i!»"  «,  ,,t. 

(Ir,  ill  I i nil' mil   |i;'ii  iM',:!. 

Ill  .Iiuiiiiirv,  ISS.'i,  |||(>  iii:i;.'iH'llc  viiiiiilioM  was  L'l'  I'd'  casl,  witli  a  yrail.v  iiicicasc  of  1'.!). 
I'loiii  liiis  (Mpf  \\c  l.avc  ilii'  fdilowlii;;  licaiiiijis  ami  liislaiii-cs  In  iiiipiir;aii(  olijccls: 

Vai|(iiii.i  IliaiU  l,iylil-li(iiis(i,  nut  jiitcn  Uilili' S.   17  H,  Ill'J  mill's. 

Cillio  I'liiilvM-alliii S.    Ii'.^  K.  ;lUiiiili'8. 

Ciisciiili'  lli'iiil S.  'Jii  i;.  17 ^  iiiili'H. 

I'api'  Mi'iiii's N.  11  \V.  '.I    iiiilcs. 

Tilt'  lliici<  ai'cli  roi'liK  (ilV  ('apt'  Mcaics  arc  half  a  milt' outside  tliis  coiiisc  .md  one  and  live- 
i'i;;litlis  iiiilfs  south  of  tlic  Cipc. 

TillaMioiili  K'lM-k  I.ij;lilliiiiiM' N.  \>l    W,         :i:,J  mi  Irs. 

l'a|ll'    I  l|saii|inlllllllill|    l.i;;|l|.|lilllsi' N.'J.'i      \V.  ,'p(i     mill's. 

Tides. — Tilt'  lit'i;;lits  of  tic  tides  arc  thf  same  as  jiivcii  iii  the  tallies  for  Astoria ;  the  times 
,111'  thirt\-si.\  luiiiiites  earlier  than  at  Astoria. 

The  rort.viiiiith  Coii;;re>s  a|ipro|iriale(l  iiuuic.v  for  the  iMiildiiit;  of  a  Liglit-liouso  at  Cape 
Mrarcs  tu-  stuiie  other  availahle  place. 

The  water  is  \er\  hold  oil  the  Cape,  and  two  miles  to  the  soutliwcst  there  is  a  .sonniiiiiK  of 
l«ciit,v-iiiiit^  lath  ins.  TelieiikotV  la\s  down  lifty  lathniiis  of  water  tuer  sandy  holtom,  liroad  oH' 
till' faci- of  the  Cape,  hut  it  is  more  than  likely  he  to  di  this  fro  n  N'ancoiivei's  chart.  Thirteen 
miles  iilV  shore  in  this  latiMide  TclicnUolf  lays  dnwii  the  eMirciit  ruiiiiiiiL;  to  the  no  tlnvard. 

'I'lie  name  ("ape  liookoiit  was  first  ;;i\('n  iiy  Meares  in  .Inly.  IT.^''^,  to  the  Cape,  wliich  he  fully 
ili"-ri'ilicd  as  haviii;t  the  three  larjic  rucks  olf  it,  and  which  he  ••  jiidjii'd''  to  lie  in  latitude  |."iT;itl'. 
Ml  ires  ;;ives  a  eriiile  view  of  his  Cape  Lookout,  with  Tillamook  IJay  to  the  northeast  of  it  ;  yet 
liiN  le^'ciid  is  wildly  in  eiior  and  docs  iiit  a;;ree  with  the  text  of  his  narrative.  NcM-rtlieless  the 
ihice  arched  rocks  cleail,\   indicate  that  this  Cape  was  not  the  one  to  wliicli  ho  applied  the  name. 

N'ancoincr  rceojini/.t'tl  the  Cajie  from  Meaics"  tlesciiption.  Telieukol)  has  no  name  to  this 
('a|i('.  The  iirc.seiit  mine  was  applied  on  the  Coast  Survey  charts  of  is."i(»  and  IS,"!,'!  to  the  Cape 
which  we  have  Just  ilesci  ilicd  in  laiitiide  'Jo  '  L'O',  and  has  liccii  retained.  Tlu'<'a|K'  Lookout  of 
.Me, ires  is  ill  latitude  l.">  '  Uit'.  and  is  known  as  Cape  Mcarcs.  I  »c  .Mofras  has  C.ipe  Liiciiat  in  about 
Lilitiide  1.")^  lt>',  «ith  the  Kivci   Kamiai  three  cr  toiir  miles  sontli  of  it. 

7V/C  lUI  risliiii;/  /.'((((A.— Trust  Will  I  li\  n  jiorts  (.li.ue.  ls>:i)  locate  a  tisli  ii,u'  liaiik  ei;,dit  miles 
iii'ith  and  seven  miles  west  of  the  Ni  stii^Tfrah.  It  has  iwelxc  lo  f  iiriecii  fathoms  upon  it,  but  its 
i'\leiit  has  not  liecii  dcicrmiiied  ;  on  one  sidt-  the  soiiinliiii;s  indicate  that  the  hank  is  sleep  to.  It 
i>  i'\  idciitly  on  the  I  idloiiyatioii  lit  the  promonlory  of  Capo  liOokont  to  the  smithwestward,  but 
ilii'  distance  therefrom  may  lie  two  and  a  half  or  six  miles  accordiiij:'  to  the  meaniiiH-  yiven  to  tli" 
II  iiorteil  ciilirses. 

The  bank  aboiintled  in  coil  lisli,  which  were  (|uite  larp'  (IN^H),  antl  the  year  before  larjjc  huli- 
I'lit  were  taken  in  that  vicinit\,  but  the  bank  was  not  then  loiiiid. 

The  bank  has  been  named  allcr  llie  tliscovcicr,  Caiilain  lit  II,  of  the  slcaincr  .1.  U.Fiihl. 

C.iiitain  Ih'll  states  that  this  liaiik  lies  about  six  or  eifzht  miles  .southwest  by  v  est  (8\V.  by 
U  .)  fniiii  the  lla\slack  Hock. 

It  was  liiiind  uhilc  lislmi^:,  and  wa-  Judged  to  be  a  bank,  ami  nut  a  Icdp',  because  no  hooks 
«iie  lost  in  diilliii;;-,  and  because  small  shell  lish  or  .sea  claiiis  were  found  ia  the  slomachs  of  the 
li-li.  Fifty  laij,'e  cod  lish  were  cau;;lit,  and  alter  (liiftiiiu'  an  hour  towards  the  shore  the  lishing 
".isa;;aiii  Hied,  when  no  lidttom  could  be  found  with  lil'ty  fathoms  of  line. 

There  is  a  probabilitN  that  this  bank  iiia.\  be  counectetl  with  the  Doiy  Ledjio,  page  loO. 

THE  NA-TA-ATS,  OR  OYSTER  BAY. 

Two  or  three  miles  Northward  of  Cape  Lookout  the  land  falls  to  a  low,  narrow  sand  iioniiisiila, 
uhieh  stretches  north  fouitccu  decrees  west  (N.  II  W.)  for  lour  and  three  tpiarters  miles.  The 
sand  dunes  on  this  spit  show  in  brokeii  lines  ol  while  when  .seen  from  about  ten  to  twelve  miles 
seaward.  Ilehind  it  lies  a  Inoad  bay  or  la.t;tmii  loiii miles  long,  with  an  average  witllli  of  one 
mile.  It  oiiciis  to  t'  <•  ocean  at  the  iiorlh  end  of  the  sand  spit  within  one  and  a  half  miles  of  the 
172'11  r  V US 


'^   i 


■iMi* 


i:il 


I'ACIKH'   COAMI'    riL«»T. 


.1' K^t 


in 


t 


jil'?!' 


H   '  !. 


I  ^  ■' 


simtlinn  .sli»|ii'(tt'llif  lii;;li  hiiitl  rniin  ('ii|ii«  Mciin's.     Tli*- sinitliciii  iioint  oF  tlh-lmy  icaflu's  ^  nhi, 
II  mill'  of  ("aiii>  IakiKoiii  ;  tlit<  |ii'iiiii.siila  is  only  imh'  ImiikIhiI  ^anls  widf,  iiiul  tin-  liIiiUs  iw.  i  ■,   ,, 

tllilt.V  Ircl    llij;ll. 

Tliis  lia.\  Ills  an  txtciisivi"  ana  of  water  at  lii^li  liilr,  liiit  at  low  tidi"  tlif  wliolc  is  ;i  ,  ,,1, 
liari>  .xaiiil  ami  mini  ll.it.     In  llirsf  Hals  art'  vast   niiinlii'i'H  of  o.vsti-is  anil  I'lanis. 

Tlu'  MinihiMsl  .slicirc  is  'mnlt'icil  liy  ln'a\il.v  woodi'tl  riilp'S  ;  and  tlic  iioitli  nIioih' lis  In.  „  i; 
iilnlls  ri'iiiii  iliiit.N  to  line  liiiiidird  and  lll'tN  Icct  lii;;li.  Tlif  north  slioio  of  the  i-ntranct' i>  .,  >.; 
sliot'f  lint' and  tlit>  south  sand  |ioint  lies  alntast  sonut  low,  rot'K.v  clilVs  under  it.  Tliese  <  I  i .  ! , 
six  and  one  hall'  iiiilcs   noilli    lour  tle;,'iftvs   west    (N.    I  '   W.)  IVoni  the  northwest  iioini  ul  <  .,|., 

l,ookout.     To  the  east  wa  III  of  this  l>ay  tinie  are  low,  liare  ^'reeii  slopes,  and  Itehind  lliesea  « i. 

rid;;e  of  sprnec  foresta  and  ;;roves  of  alders.     P'roiii  these  hills  the  priiieipal  draiiia;j('  is  li\ 
tributaries  eoiiiin;;  I'roin  the  nortlie.ist    tow , nils  tht^  headwaters  of 'I'rask's  llivei,  which  en. m, , 
into  thi'soiitherneiid  of  'rillainook  jiav .     Tim  erest  line  of  the  Coast  ran;;t' of  inouiitaiiis  is  I  wi  n; 
miles  to  the  easluard,  with  lii^'h  and  re^'iilar  tiiitliiie. 

As  early  as  isti;  >ehcMUiers  had  entered  this  liay  for  oysters. 

The  eiiil  of  llie  hui;,'.  Iciw,  sand  spit  from  the  .south  inelosin^  an<l  rorniinp  Nataits  l;i\  ; 
narrower  at  the  point,  ami  fnr  a  mile  is  llal  ami  Imt  little  raised  al)oM- the  lii;;li  water.  Ii  :::<i 
exiiamls  to  half  a  mile  in  width,  with  low  sand  hills  twenty  to  twenty-live  feet  hi;;h,  with  mn-, 
grass,  low  sallal  hushes,  and  small  liiill  pines. 

A  eoloiiy  of  ahont  twn  hundred  and  lifly  seals  freiiiu'iit  the  sainl  spits  at  the  mouth  of  Ihr  I;  r 

The  north  shore  of  the  liay  is  formed  liy  the  lower  terminations  td'  alioiit  ten  loiif:,  lraii^\ .  i .. 
ridges,  fnuii  two  to  four  hundred  feet  liiy:h  anil  not  wooded.  The  giilehes  liet ween  these  rnlt'- 
are  wooded.  The  shoie  ends  of  tlio  riil;:es  are  elitl's  from  twenty  to  one  hundred  and  lilt\  1. .  i 
aliove  till'  water.  Some  of  the  slopes  running' down  to  the  bay  are  enveretl  with  and  im'.ikeil  i)\ 
eoarse  and  seiiihliy  i)iiit's. 

The  eiitiam  .'  is  narrow,  Imt  the  eourse  is  straight  and  the  ehannel  runs  diretitly  towanN  'i.. 
Hiimmer  swell  (I.SS7).  There  was  then  perhaps  nine  feit  of  water  on  the  bar,  with  only  luu^  Im  ik.  i 
at  low  Water,  and  iion;'  at  hi;;li  water. 

The  ehaniiel  is  n'|i<ii'ted  to  be  narrow  and  ehangeahle,  with  hard,  sandy  bottom  and  a  il>'|.ili 
of  six  or  seven  feet.     It  opt'ued  elose  uiiiler  the  high  northern  iiaiik. 

This  bay  was  lniineily  called  Nat  a  hats;  on  oneiif  the  scctioiiil  maps  il  is  called  Net  an  1.  i  : 
and  on  another  sectional   map  ol  Oicgoii  the  village  of  Nelarls  is  located  on  the  Noitheasi  >li..|. 

Xdfdtils  lliiij  til  Ciijii  Miarifi. — One  and  a  half  iiiiles  north  of  the  entrance  to  Nataats  l;,i\  ■  ■ 
sand  beach,  backed  by  dilVs  IVoni  tifty  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  high,  ends  abruptly  :ii  h  i 
against  liic  rocks  at  the  Hoiiihern  ,iart  of  Cape  M cares.  This  beach  is  broad.  Hat,  and  Im  .r.  i 
hard  by  the  sea;  above  the  t'litl'sare  sand  hills  which  reach  one  hundred  and  lilty  to  three  liiin  I'.  ! 
feet,  and  these  are  a  notable  features  and  a  good  landmark.  The  rocks  at  the  north  end  oT  il. 
beach  as  well  as  the  shore  of  the  Cape  are  basalts  of  the  same  character  a.s  C-ini  Lookout. 

<A1'K   Ml'.Ain-'.S    AMI   THK    TIlliKK    ),;;:i)rilKI{S. 

This  Cape  istlic  termination  of  a  wooih'd  sp'w  or  niouritaiii  ridge  coming  from  the  soiiih.  i 
ward  fora  lew  miles,  with  a  gradual  incr»'a.se  of  eli  ,  Mi.;ii  to  -iboiil  twelve   hundred  feet,  ami   i!  . 
a  decrease  to  the  lace  of  the  dill's.     It  presents  an  ab.-iipt.  inmt  to  the  ocean,  and  piojecls  ik n 
three  ijiiart  CIS  of  a  mile  beyond  the  generally  straight  line,  of  coast. 

(Mic  and  a  half  miles  .soiithcist  of  it  are  thii  sand  covered  hills,  sjiar.sely  wooded,  ami  ii." 
one  to  two  hundred  feet  high,  n-arhing  towards  the  entrance  to  the  Xataats  orOystci' r.a,\ ,  an. I  ■ 
tlu-  north  side  is  the  long,  low  shor»i  of  the  peniii.sula  fonning  Tillamook  May  ;  both  these  >li..i 
recede  slightly  to  the  eastward. 

.Mioiit  ei;;hlcen  mih's  to  Hie  norl hwaiil  is  the  outstretching  head  of  Cape  I''alcon,  so  ili;ii 

vessel  coining  from  the  southward  will  have  Cape  .M cares  projected   upon   the  backgr id   in.-i.i. 

of  Cape  I'alciJii, 

Tlie  t'.ice  of  this  Cape  is  high,  rocky,  and  broken   by  barrancas.     The   whole  bieadlli  of  tL. 

Cape,  fr the  sandy  hills  on  the  south  to  the  sand  beach  on  the  north  side  of  il,  is  one  and  seven 

t'ighlhs  of  a  mile  north  noilliwist  and  south  southeast.     Tlu'  southern   part  of  the  Cajic  liasle- 
lieighl  and  is  not  so  far  projecting,  but  olf  il  lies  the  well-known  group  of  the  three  Arched  Uock-. 

The  recks  at  the  end  of  Ihc  bcacli  on  the  south  approach  and  the  shore,  of  the  Cape  an 
basalts  of  the  same  characler  as  those  of  <'ape  Lookout. 


I 
I 


rciU'lu's  \.  iihih 

lulls  tUi  hly  lu 
lltlc  is  a  l,r:l|h 

lort'  l»y  lii(i!>i I 
raiii'c  is  .1  hr^i 
Tlli'.s..  rlilM, 

|Mli|lt    Ul      I     .||n 

Slicsc  ;i  u  M,  ,1,  , 
!;;('  in  li.\  -111,11 
wliicli  tiii|.i'i . 
laiiis  is  lui  n:. 


Nat  ails  \:.,\ 
vali'f.     ll  I  JMi; 
til,  Willi  1(1. II M 

itli  oft  1m-  l;i 
in;;,  li'aii^\ ■  1 .1 
'II  llu'sc  nil;:is 
anil  litt\   Ini 
iiiil  iniviKril  li\ 

ly  lowanN  'In 
ily  ont)  liic,il>i  I 

III  ami  a  <l>'|i  h 

im1  Nftaii  l:  r  ; 

Ol'tllt'aSi    slli'lr, 

ataats  11, i\  iIj 
Itniiitly  at  inl 
lat,  and  in  .i:>  1. 
tlili'f  liiiii'''  ! 
iilli  1-ihI  111  i'  • 
lioukotit. 


the  sdiil  Ih-  I   ■ 
fret,  ami   l!.' 
•  loii'ds   III'. 11' 


I, 

■i' 


iilt'il,  anil  I'l"' ' 
Ici'llax.  aiMJ  .M' 
ll  llu'sr  sliiM 

ll'OII,    .Sll    llllil 

k;iri)iiiiil   iii.--iii' 

bieudlli  «\'  ll" 
OIK'  anil  M'M'ii 
i',  <'a|i('  lias  ll'-- 
A  rolled  Kocl<- 
f  (lie  (lain-  an 


'.'f\ 


^1'^;.''-    ^ 


^■v  ,  '^'^1'"'  *'*•'"■''''  Tbree  Arch  Pocks. 

NK.  1.)  N.^\.,]r,j„iil,.^ 


Nf8tiigKah  River.     Ilaystauk.  S'.T  feet 


CUK! 


.  •.AC>'^"'^"-.'  '■'■""  '*    "-T*  ' 


V 


Oiip,  with  frre. 


Cm 


"^■^^^^^i...  s 


CiiNr.Kic  llfad.  si;.  »  .S,,V!i;  mills. 


■-X''f  "■        ,»       . 


(.'aiM-  Kudkout.  !■:.  I.y  S  ,^  S.,  v:t\  riiii»* 


i ;!'  i 


U'  ■•If 


,'■!   ;    i[ 


i   '  ■   I 


HUM 


I'ACIKIC   COAST    I'lLOT. 


435 


lio  most  westerly  point  of  tliis  lieatl  is  u  forn  iiml  brush  covered,  narrow  promontory  runninfr 
for  oiii-  (iiiiirter  of  a  mile  with  a  {,'enth'  .sh)pe  to  the  crest  of  thti  narrow  cliff,  two  hundred 
«jii  thirty  feet  hi^h.  Just  north  of  this  clilf  tlio  clilf  is  four  Iiundrod  and  six*y  feet  Iiiffh,  nearly 
yfirtieal,  and  the  top  wooded  totiieedj,'e  ;  behind  it  the  heatl  ri.ses  tosix  hundred  and  fifty  feet  and 
tlwi  falls  to  live  hundred  and  lil'teeii  feet  ni  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  forminju' a  ilistiiuitly  marked 
flg^le.  This  northern  half  of  the  Cape  is  more  massive  and  liiylier  than  the  southern  part,  and 
liilioi'e  heavily  wooded,  with  a  thick  forest  of  spru<^e. 

:'  The  basalt  of  ('ape  Meares  is  black,  solid,  and  homo},'eneous,  and  in  sonu-  jthices  prismatic  and 
OltomMar.  It  is  covered  with  reddisli  clay  (constantly  slippinj,' away.  An  inunense  fresh  land-slide 
<l|Ter\  re(H'nt  datt^  exists  (ISST)  on  tlit^  Northwest  face,  of  the  Cape  ami  is  a  iiromim-nt  hunlnnirk. 
Tlie  north  side  of  the  Cape  is  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile  deep  east  and  west ;  it  is  a  jM-rpen- 
^lolar  wall  of  basalt  about  one  hundred  feet  above  the  water,  and  is  worn  near  the  sea  level  into 
*tO\v  of  deep  caverns  wlii(di  look  like  theend>rasures  of  a  fortitication. 

■!    There  is  a  fairly  distinct  rid;,'e  running,'  to  each  jtart  of  the  Cape,  with  a  rocky  beach  and 
M^erate  clitVs  for  three-fifths  of  a  mile  between  them  ;  but  tiie  whole  ]iea<l  stands  out  as  a 

fntain  mass,  when  the  low  <;ountry  around  it  is  in  haze  or  snu)ke,  the  more  esjiecially  as  the 
t-line  of  the  Coast  ran^^e  is  twenty  miles  to  the  eastward. 
The  southern  part  of  the  Cape  is  moderately  low  at  the  ocean  front,  then  ri.ses  within  one- 
h  of  a  MiiU-  into  an  irregular  hill  five  hundred  and  nit.^  -mu  feet  high,  with  a  dei»ression  inside, 
then  rises  to  the  higher  mountain  mass  to  the  eastward. 
'%  This  five  h  "ulred  and  lifty-two  feet  hill  is,  without  any  reason  whatever,  known  as  Bald 
.vbiintain. 

The  I'lircc  7.'cr>^/;('r.s.— -Directly  under  the  face  of  the  southern  Ci'.])e  are  rocks  (extending  out 

sixth  of  a  mile;  and   then  a  cluster  of  nudvs  inad<!  up  of  three  iirincipal  ones  and  three  or 

r  smaller  one.     'I'he."  thn".'  large  rocky  islets  are  known  as  the  Three  Brothers.     Approached 

im  the  .southward,  when  a  vessel  is  well  in  shore,  four  large  brown  rocks  show  oU'tliis  part  of 

Cape,  and  three  of  these  have  arches  through  them. 

These  notable  landmarks  extend  seven  eighths  of  a  mile  southwest  from  the  southern  part 
the  Cape,  and  show  as  ftuir.  The  outermost  one  to  the  southwest  is  coiiiparati\ely  small  and 
close  umleronethat  is  twohuiulred  ami  seventy-six  ft-et  high;  the  second  is  two  hundred  and 
y-eight  feet,  and  the  innermost  ami  largest  one  is  three  hundred  and  'bur  feet  liigh.  The 
ilies  through  these  rocky  islets  are  seen  only  from  particular  directions.  The  innei'niost  islet 
S(  nts  to  the  north  and  to  the  south  .1  straight  ridge,  like  a  house,  and  the  arch  is  moderately 
all  and  only  visible,  when  a  vessel  is  close  under  the  shore,  from  the  .southward  or  northward; 
(lulcrniost  high  islet  has  a  snndl  arch  visible  from  tlu^  south  one-half  east  or  north  one-half 
si  ;  and  Meares  Arch,  which  is  the  nnddle  and  lowest  of  th(^  three,  has  an  arch  quite  broad 
il  e^'  ;iilii!g  fully  one-half  the  height  of  the  rock  above  the  water;  this  islet  shows  as 
i»  .  !.  aoleheaded.  Ciow,  uiuler  thei'isid*'  of  the  innermost  is!et  are  two  or  three  low  rocks. 
>i<  T''<e  Aiili  liocl-.s. — It  is  a  cui'ions  fact  that  when  the  "  Three  lirothers"  are  seen  from 
!.  I.r  d,  ;!,.M)eaiing  west  southwest  one  mile  distant,  tlieri^  is  an  aich  about  twenty  livefeet 
i;,.,  ■•!  I.e  :>Miiparatively  1  >w  black  rock  which  is  Just  inside  the  Inner  Arch  ]{ock.  Thu.s  this 
group  is  .  narVibly  distinguished  by  four  se])arate  but  adjacent  arched  rocks.  There  is  a  group 
111  :  iw  r<ii  u,;  iicound  file  l.ise  of  the  Inner  of  the  three  large  Arch  rocks  occniiied  t)y  lixc  or  six 
III!  '.icd  s  I  lions,  whose  talking  is  heard  two  or  three  miles  di.>-tant  when  the  wind  is  favoiiiblo. 
Tiie  low  rocks  (;los(^  outside  of  th(>  outside  om'  of  the  three  .Vrdi  rocks  are  black,  and  probably 
twenty  feet  alio'.'"  the  wafei-.  The  mineralofjical  I'haracft'r  ofihe  rocks  is  not  known.  Allot 
tlu'iu  look  fa    -.y  colored  iioni  gnano  iu  surnmer-tinie. 

The  no  n  ci  iiarf  of  the  Cape,  oi'  ;lic  Cajte  jiroper,  exiiiiiits  rocky,  iirecipitons  cliffs,  reaching 
I'lur  humlu'd  .  '  .^ixty  feet  above  the  sea,  and  attaining  six  humlred  feet  elevation  in  one-eighth 
:<f  a  ndle.  It  sli"\vs  a  tliii  ,  bright  stratum  of  \ellow  earth  at  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet 
.11'  c  'he  .sea.  The  most  projecting  part  of  the  Cape  is  a  narrow  si>ur  reaching  out  about  three 
ini.'idr-  •'  vards.  with  a  front  two  humlred  ami  thirty  b'ct  in  elevation.  This  point  has  nearly  a  level 
i;;.u'.-  .fin  is  not  wooded,  but  covered  with  salla!  and  salmon  berry  bushes,  and  has  a  good 
s|iiiii^  of  water.  OiU'  third  «)f  a  mile  to  the  noitliwest  from  this  [»oiiit  is  a  solitary  jiillar-like 
Kirk  se\enty  six  feci  high,  which  iVom  the  ntufhward  leans  a  little  outward.  Three  fifths  of  a 
iiiile  northwest  from  this  |ioint  is  a  second  rock  oiu'  hundretl  and  nine  feet  high,  looking  like  a 
■:iiat  havstaitk  leaning  outward.     The  longer  direction    is  luutli  northwest   and  south-.southea.st. 


iM 


1^  M^;- 


ifti:        I 


kP    .„  li 


ll )!' ' 


i^k 


4;i(>  PACIFIC    COAST    IMl.or. 

From  tlii>'  ituk  (iivcii  Hill  on  tin'  iimtli  side  of  tin'  t'litiaiico  to  Tilliuiiook  P.ay  boars  iiorfli  .  _!: 
»l»'};iws  cast  (N.  S"  Ivl,  distant  lour  and  one  liall"  inilcs. 

Tlu' iirojt'ctiiiuclilV  of  tlu'  Noitli  Cape  lias  ln'cii  jtroposod  as  t hi' site  for  a  sou  coast  l.i-ht. 
lionsc  of  till'  lirst  oilier. 

I'"i()in  tlic  faci'  of  the  lii^jh  ililVs  of  tlic  ("api'  tlic  land  risos  into  a  Iicad  about  six  Iiiindrcil  ;iii,i 
fifty  fi'ft  al)o\o  till'  sea,  and  then  fails  to  live  liiindrcd  imi",  tiftccn  feet,  and  lisrs  to  a  .second  lii:lii  i 
liill;  both  tlii'sc  fcatnrcs  arc  well  .st'cn  tVoni  the  sontliwaid.  All  tlic  siiilacf  of  tin-  head  ainl  iln 
mountain  back  is  eoveifd  with  a  dense  ;;i'o\vtli  of  tir  and  heinloek;  and  the  northern  slope  ol  !,  . 
hijili  iid;:e  is  the  southern  boundary  of  'rillaniooK  Hay. 

When  ("ape  Meares  is  seei  finm  the  soiilhwcst  by  .south  at  lifleen  miles  distance,  the  i,..|,, 
elirt's  of  its  faee  .show  a  little  less  tlian  one-half  the  lieij;ht  of  tlie  head,  already  desci  '•■'' 
lieyoml  and  over  Ilie  <  'ape  is  the  hi^ii  liije  of  the  ("oast  Kan^e.  To  the  southeastward  of  tin-  '  ii- 
are  seen  the  Three  liiolheis.  The  hi,i;li  pail  i'(  the  iiioniilain  beliind  the  Cape  has  two  duiil.li 
sum  III  its,  w  itli  a  low  line  of  whitish,  sandy  ridj^es  under  the  southeastern  liei;;lits.  I  let  ween  tin  ^ 
elitVs  and  tlKMnountaiii  behind  (_"ape  Lookout  i.s  the  low  area  of  Oyster  i!ay.  wilha  pyrain  .l.i, 
poak  of  the  ("oast  Kaiiire  in  thedislanee;  farther  to  the  south  is  seen  ("ape  Lookout,  ami --ti!; 
fanlier  the  land  inside  of  Cascade  lleail. 

When  the  ("ape  is  seen  from  th'  vest-southwest,  at  tenor  twelve  miles  distance,  tlio  wlml, 
HM'ky  face  is  visible,  with  the  Three  i  ••    to  the  southeastward,  and  tlii'  I'eak  of  the  moii,.;.!"i 

show;;  over  the  siiace  between  the  elill':  he  rocks.      l',n>\  ot'  the  locUs  the  low  line  of  cliiu  is 

seen,  and  farther  east  and  south  the  sam.  aes  on  the  south  |ieninsnla  of  Oyster  i>ay.  liilniid 
tlie.se  sand  dunes  is  a  low.  wooded  eoiintry  over  whieli  is  seen  the  hi^di  Coast  Kan;;!'.  A  wa\  Im  Mi. 
.southward  (he  features  of  Lookout,  Cape  and  Mountain,  and  the  mountain  behind  Ca.s(;ade  II.. hi 
are  seen;  while  still  I'arther  soiitii.  in  moderately  clear  weather,  the  mountain  ti)ps  beliind  i,i|i,. 
r<nihveat  her  show  broken  <mi  the  hori/on. 

When  a  vessel  is  northward  of  the  Cape  the  low  land  of  the  Tillamook  IJay  country  is  m-:  n 
reaching;  I'ar  iiiiand.  with  the  iii^h  Coast  Kanue  beyond  ami  o\er  it. 

When  we  were  a  little  north  ot  the  Cape  and   (lose  inshore,  with  the  Thiee  .\rch   l.'.iK- 
show  in  jx  char  of  the  Cape  and  project  e(l  on  the  hi  ^;h  I  a  ml  behind  Cape  Look  niit,  the  liist  i  ise  ni 
face  of  the  clitf.  which  is  the  projection  two  hundred  ami  thirtv  feet  lii;^h.  is  ipiiie  sharp  to  a  sm  i,l 
tlat  summit  w  ith  a  notch  inside  oi'  ii.  and  then  a  saddle  still  deeper  until  the  land  rises  rej;Ml,ii  \ 

'I'he  ;;eo;jiaphical  position  of  the  propo.sed  Li.uht-lionse  site  on  the  outermost  point  ofC,i|ic 
Moares,  as  determined  b\  the  C  .^.  Coast  ami  (leodetic  Survey,  is: 

I,iOi;iiil.> -I.'.    -S.t    (ir.     iiorili. 

l.oiiHitmli' l'.';i     ."■•^     11       wi'st. 

(Ir,  in  liiiio -''  !•">"  .".I'.l. 

Ill  .lainiaiy.  lss,"(.  the  maj;iietic  \aiiation  was  \1\  ''  I'd'  I'.ast,  with  an  aiiiiiml  increase  of  '_".i>. 
From  Cape  Meares  we  have  the  following  bearin^js  and  distances  to  pioiiiinent  obie(;ts: 

(iipc  Oilnrd    1.1^10  liiiiiMi' S.  I'.''  i;.  Ii;il   iiii!i>. 

Ciilii' ilicuiiry    l.iulit-luiiisr S.  II  1-'..  \.\0     iiillis. 

Viic|miiu  llcails  I.iiilil-liiiiisi'  .s  l...  i;.  I'.l     iiiilrs. 

'rilliiiiiMuli  li'iirU  l.i>;lil-lii)Msi- .N.  -Ji':  \V.  '.'7}   mills. 

(':ilM-  llis.i|i|iiiiiiliiiiiil  l.ii;li!  Im.iimi- .V.  '-'li  W.  IHJiiiilrs. 

The  I'orty  ninth  Coii.:;ress  made  an  approitriatioii  for  the  biiildiii;,' ot  a  Li;.'lit  house  at  (  .i|" 
Meares  or  at  Cape  l.ookoiil.  In  the  second  evpeditiiui  bu'  t  lie  e.xpliMal  ioli  ol  Ihcv'oastill  IW-'i 
under  lieeeta*  and  Lode^^a  the  fnimer  sa\s  i  .\n^u.>t  is,  177."»); 

,\  nuiillitailinii^  |>hiili    >^  liiili   I  calli'il   l.ii  Mi  --a    w  ill  i-;iiisi-  all  tiavii^atdlH  In  la\   In  in  tin-  vicinity  iil'('a|ii'  I'al 
anil  iilllii'ii;;li    I    I""l-   nn  nli-i-i  \  ation  it   i-.  in    iatiluili-  1.'.    •,'-  ,  anil  ]l  can  In'  mtm  I'mni  alar  lu  In'  nl'  nuiliniii  In  . 

liode;^a  under  the  same  li  ite  savs  that  : 

In  lalilniii-  l.'i  --  lln  !'■  i-  a  liil  ,  llal.  ami  \  .ililr-liki-  «  Imli  rroMi  l.rin;;  iiniili'ialr',\  ilrv.ili  il  niaili-  iNi'ir  visilili  ■.. 
the  na%  i;;ati'ls.      In  lai  it  mli'  l.'i     :ii'     llirn    air    lliiir  1 'aralluni'H  «  Inrli  wr  liavi-  naim-il  l.a-.  'I'lr--  Marias. 

In  July,  l.'s.s.  Meares  in  the  Fiti,;,  after  passing;  Cape   I'aleim  from  the  northward,  says: 

Til''  ilislaiil  Minlliillv  laiiil  \m-  i  alli  d  <  .i|ir  l.iii.l.niil.  1  In.-,  ia|ii-  is  m-i;v  liiili  anil  liliilt.  anil  Icniiiiialrs  al.ni|  ! 
(Ml  till' Mil.      .\l  alii.nl  ilir  ihslniii  1   oT  iw I.-   inmi   ii    iliii.-   n  ,■■   ilirci- laryr  nicks,  «  Imli  an- nni.okalilr  nn    ' 

•Sryniiila  i'\|iliiiai  inn  ili-  l.i  ( 'nsla  s,.|,|,.,||i ,  i,,,,-;!  ,1,.  I,.,  ( 'alii-.H  ma  en  ITT.'iinn  l.i  II  a;;;ila  Saul  ia(j;«i  v  Kiilrta  Snnic  i 
nianilailas  ]Miri-l  Ti-niriili-  ili  N,i\  m  lUi.  Iliiiini  ili  llci  cl  ..  \  il  ilc  l'ia;;ala  .In, in  ili  la  Ciiailia,  ilcili-  i-l  Piiorln  ilc  S.i  i 
Bias  liii.ii;i  luB  .■>«-  (Ic  latitiiil.     ^Ms1.  in  .state  IJciiuilini  nl,  \Vu.sLiii);liin.) 


f 


>• 


i 


1^ 


MMirs  iiortli  I  _;!• 

sou  coast   1. 1-1,;. 

six  liiiiMlriMi  ,iimI 
>  a  Sfcoiid  li;_ii,.| 

tllC  llI'Mll  all. I  Mm. 
ITIl  slopl'  III 

tancf,  tilt'  ii.iK, 
ready  tlt'sci  ['.,■! 
waul  of  tilt'  rhii, 
lias  two  (I, .11!,;, 
lift  wtrii  iliiM 
nth  a  iiyraiii  .l.L 
.oiikoiit,  aiiil  -.1.',; 

laiifo,  the  ulinl, 
of  llu'  liit)tii,:.:ii| 

\V   lillf  of  clilK  I, 

IT  i'.ay.  Dchnii! 
I'.  A\va\  I.,  'ii, 
tl  Cas(;ath'  II.  i,| 
Dps  l)chiiul  (  I]., 


ivc  Art'h   I;  mK^ 
e  (list  rise  ni  :  ;       J" 
sliarp  tt)  a  sin.i;i 
1  list's  rc^^iihii  \ 

st  ptljllt  Ol'(';l|i( 


tlitiiisc  at   (    i;i. 
Ill'  v'liast  ill  1 . . " 


ily  .il'C;i|ic  l-':il, 
111'  llli'llllllll  111  I.;  J* 


mil'  ilsi'll'visilil. 
arias. 


I'liiiiiiali  s  alii'iii  : 
ii'iiiaikalilr  I'm    1 


Iff 'A 

iiji' 

nli''' 

]m 

Pi 

m 

mJ, 

w 

«i 

Mj 

M' 

SI     ;' 

m 

1^^ 

m 

!,'<>  .V  Itlill'ta  Sollci 
rl    I'llurlii   ill'  >. 


■■•-^ 


~^..^--- 


('i»l»'  Mcai'i's. 


Kiitrmiio  Oyslti  l!ii>,  ST..  1  K.,  l.i  n    l.u. 
Tlirco  An  h  Kncks. 


('a|H'  LiMpkiiiii,  sr,,  ^  s    -JliiiiliH. 


Till:imook  Bay,  K.  by  H.  |  S  ,  M  milos. 


Cape  Meares. 


,.-'>*-^-, 


tytl^'"- 


r:lliiiii..iik  l.'i.ck  aiid  II.. 1. 1,  l,J.-Uf.'.'t.  M'.  liv  N.  !i  N  ,  I'   iru.'h. 


11 


11    i 


{ 


W 


!  ?* 


■Sh  I 


'!ni. 


t 


Hii 


'if  '*  In '    •    ' 


if': 


ti': 


1. 


M 


r'J. 


■/ 


I 


i^ 


(I 


I'^i. 


S 


■i  rJ 

'''    M 

Iffilut' 

m 

1 

it'  9 

■  ■  'i^i 

B 

]i 


■Mis 


■^^ 


■  '^'^  '''t^J^:i;^rM.'^.:..^:±_  mM.  A 


A^ 


F"yr;iiiii(l  Rock. 


tap.-  M.nr.'H,  NK.  l.y  H.+  K.,  11  iiiil.vs.  Tl„.  iiiref  An  li  K,„  k. 


Ciipi' Minr.H.         Fourth  Airh.  The  Three  Arcli  «.■  k^ 

1  Approx.  SK.  4  S.,-'iir  T.  iii,:,-(,V 


-r^^^-^'^:r=- 


>^, 


Till'  'I'lircf  Aiih  Ui„\iM 


Nii-la  iilitN    ni(i\sici   Ba.v  .cliiirl  Nt'liirlH). 


!^ 


.±.^JLJlt.^\ ^ 


£::.aE  --^''-j^'-^-^^:?^ 


-  VJjLllJ    ■Lmnujgjug    iiu^ui  ^^^1 


riie  Tlirrc  Arrli  K.  ■  kt< 
Approx.  si:.  ^  a.,-'iir  ;■;  nul.-oV 


C'Hpi:   Ldlikciul. 


r^ 


,•1 


Rjii  III 


t: 


I 


A  1 


I       t\ 


1,>    < 


■=.*!iLr 


fpli 


y 


^ 


Hi 


•    ■  I'd 


I 


I'ACiriC    CftAST    IMMiT. 


487 


%t  rcwiiililiiiin'  tlifv  Ix'iir  i'i\rli  oIIut.     The  miildli'  ciii'   Iihh  mi  iirclnrnv,   pirfnnilfd,  mm  It  wrrc,  In  itH  ociiIit 
nimli    viliii'li    «!•  i>liiiulv  iliwnvcri'il  111!'  ili~iiiiil  Mi'ii.    •    '    •    'I'lii'ir  iliNiiMiic  CniiM  i;i(  li  iiilii  T  irii^lit  lpi' oiM'-i|U(iiti'r 

,  iinj.'.  mill  »!•  Kiin' thiiii  llir  i.iiiiM' dlllii'   ■    Tlirri- llriillirix. \Vi' jiiil;;icl  Ciiiir   I Kmit  lo  lii<  In  lutltiKlo 

:lii   iiinili. 

Ill  {^ixt'H  ;i  \<>i.v  I'll  ill  Ills  Mktttcli  of  tilt'  <-a|M',  nicks,  iiiiil  Tilliiiiiook  Itay. 
^      III  Ajiiil,  IT'.H.',  Vmiiciimmt  ilcsiTilicil  it  ;is  "ii  sinall  jimjccijii;,' iiojiii,  yet  rt'inaikalilc  for  flio 
!■  icks  wliii'li  ill- iilV  il.  one  III  wjiicli  is  |ii'rt'i)ratcil  as  licsciilM'il   liy  Mfaics."     He  places  it  in 
Itiiiiilc  I'l    .IL",  ami  |iassi'il  it  within  four  iir  live  miles. 

riliciikiilV  calls  it  (ape  Lniikiiiit  ami  places  it  in  latitmle  l.'P  .'!i'. 

riiiscapeis  very  riiipieiitly,  lull  einiiieiiiisly,  Hialcil  lit  lie  llie  "Clarke's  I'oiiit  III"  View,"  as 
ciilieil  l»y  Clarke  in  the  winter  ol'  lS(i."(-"(i.  (See  remarks  upon  Tiilaimtitk  lleail.)  Lewis  ami 
aikepiiiliaiily  saw  the  liiyli  I'aees  of  Capes  l.iiiikoiit  ami  Meares  Iroiii  'riilaiiiiKik  lleail  over  tlu« 
tiemilN  iifCape  I'aieoii,  ami  rel,\  in;;  iipmi  the  r(iii;;li  ililineations  oftiie  lieliaiis  that  the  distant 
iiil  of  l;;ml  \  isilile  III  lliciii  fiiiimil  llie  seawaiil  siile  iil  'rillaminik  I'.ay,  fliey  have  charted  it  as 
ell  .nil!  ii.imeil  it  Cape  Linikinil,  imt  they  do  not  mention  it  in  their  narrative.  They  jilacu  it  in 
tiimie  I.".     LMI'. 

The  Imliaii  name  for  the  Cape  is  Naseowitzen. 

We  applied  the  present  name  to  Hie  Cape  in  IS."i7  liecanse  Hie  name  Ijookont  had  lii'cii  pre- 
l(ill>l,\  applied  lo  the  <'ape  ei;;ht  miles  siinlhwaiil. 

The  views  of  the  r.  S.  Coast  and   (ieodetic  Siir\i\\   ;;i\e  the  ^jeiieral  eharaeteristics  of  t'.io 
«a|>i'  and  iiionntaiii,  and  the  details  of  the  Three  ISrotheis. 


I 


4 


TII.LAIVIOOK   BAY. 

Tlie  iiiliaiice  til  tills  liay  is  four  and  a  i|iiarlci  iniles  noil  li  from  the  iiyraiiiidal  rock  i>fl' the 
ih  . .  li\w.-:  face  ot  Cape  Means.  'I'lie  iiiiitliein  siile  of  I  his  Cape  slopes  rapidly  to  the  northward, 
iiLii  I  lie  sliine  line  ri'ccdcs  half  a  mile  to  the  mutheasi  liy  east  (M!.  Iiy  1'"..).  whence  it  runs  in  .t 
ni  Ills  >liii;;lil  I  lie  north  liy  west  (N.  liy  W.)  tor  three  and  threeiiuarter  miles  to  the  mouth  of 
Tm!  iiiioiil-.   I'lay.     This  Ion;;,  low  shoreline  i.s  the  ocean  side  of  a  sandy  peninsula  formiii;;  the 

1 Hilary  of  the  Hay,  which  jieails  within  one  third  of  a  mile  of  Cape  Meare.s.    The  peninsula  i.s 

iLiiiiivv  and  lioideied  li,\  a  liroad,  lovN-water  sand  lieacli.  It  is  formed  of  low  sand  hills,  ]iartlv 
;u'  I -^  ( iivcied,  for  two  miles  IVnm  the  Cape,  and  then  wldeiisto  half  a  mile  for  the  distance  of  a 
ii;!r  o\er  one  mile.  As  this  wideiiin;;  is  reached  the  sand  hills  are  alioiit  forty  or  lifty  feet  lii;.'li, 
i  ami  aie  ^'lass  coveted.  ISeliind  tlieiii  tin  the  liay  shore  are  ojien  ^jroves  of  spruce  trees  which  show 
.se.iuaiil  over  the  dunes. 

.\t  the  iioithei  n  end  of  the  sand  dunes,  w  liicli  is  named  Kincheloe  Point,  if*  the  entrance  to  the 
hay,  directly  altreast  ot  the  sleep  fern  eovered  slope  known  as  (ireeii  Hill,  wliic^h  hears  almost 
exaitly  noitli  from  Kinclielne  Point.     The  entrance  is  one  third  of  a  mile  wide. 

Tlie  iKiitli  point  of  tlii>  entrance  to  the  hay  is  the  siuithern  termination  of  a  1ii;:'h,  wooded 
iid;;e  reaching;  seven  and  a  half  niiles  from  the  inner  part  of  the  Nelialem  Itiver  entrance.  The 
riil;;e  is  twelve  hundred  and  I  ft.\  to  iliirleen  hundred  feet  lii;;h  at  the  iioifliward,  decreases  to 
line  thousand  feet  a  little  south  of  the  middle,  and  rises  to  sixteen  hundred  and  lifty  feet  a  mile 
and  a  half  north  of  (Ireen  Hill.  The  seaward  face  of  this  rid;;e  is  densely  wooded,  and  the  only 
iiiaii;;e  of  appearaiiL.'  thereto  is  at  (ireen  Flill,  which  is  one  mile  inside  the  ;;eneral  "oast  direction, 
ami  shows  .'IS  a  liii;,dit  j;;reeii  spur,  covered  with  fern  and  liiishea.  This  hill-face  is  a  prominent 
Ir.iliire  in  iecii;;nizlii;;'  the  eiiiranee  and  cKissin;;  the  liar.  The  hi;;Iiest  part  of  the  hill-face  that  is 
ili-.--liliile  III  trees  is  a  I  ion  I  four  hiindicd  and  I  weiity  (ine  leel.  and  its  liieadth  at  the  base  one  sixth. 
Ill   a  mile.     The  lower  part  can  lie  seen  aioiind  as  far  to  the  inirlliward  as  westnorlhwest. 

.Slrclchin;,'  out  lo  the  west  northwest  from  (ireen  Hill,  the  sand  heach  Kri"lually  widens  and 
tiiinis  a  mile  Ion;;  roiindin;;  point,  reachiii;j  sixty  feet  lii;;li  at  four  hundred  yards  from  the  shore, 
and  licMiiid  this  the  fern-eovered  lace  rises  steeply  to  diic  hnndred  and  twenty  feet;  behind  this 
Is  dense  forest. 

When  a  vessel  is  abreast  the  bay  the  water  can  be  .seen  over  the  low  .southern  spit  from  aloft; 
and  Ihe  ;;eiieral  appearance  from  seawani,  at  ten  (o  fifteen  miles,  sii;;';;ests  a  ;;reat  bay  with  Cape 
Means  and  its  rid^e  to  Ihe  .southward,  the  lii;;li  nd;:e  of  La  Mesa  to  the  northward,  and  far 
distant  over  the  low  iiitervenin;;  area  is  .seen  the  near  spur  of  the  Coast  iia!i;;e  from  the  northeast, 
and  the  di-itant  erest-liiic  of  the  main  ran;;e.  The  lir  trees  on  the  low  peuiusula  .show  as  an  irregu- 
lar dark  line. 


Hu 


im 


•wnapi 


438 


PAflKIP   COAST   PILOT. 


f 


i*:! 


»?!i  !-■ 


'■V. 


Tln>  iipproaclios  to  tlio  bay  •'.•.»•  tm' of  iimiit'iliati'  diiiifit'is;  tliorc  an>  no  known  rocks  il,ii|. 
till'  soutlu'iii  low  peninsula,  ami  tlic  roi-Ks  alonu  tin-  coast  to  tlic  iioitlnvanl  arc  ipiit  .lose  iiisi  mv. 
At  two  n.ilcs  iVoni  tlic  cntniiicc,  or  one  a!nl  a  lialf  miles  hroailotV  tlic  sliorcs  north  ami  suutl.  li,.. 
(Icptli  of  water  is  lit'tccn  or  sixteen  fatlioms  o\t'r  a  bottom  of  line  rctl  sainl  ami  black  'im  iks. 
I'mlcr  the  iiorib  slore,  at  two  miles  above  tl.c  er'rance,  lie  two  rocks  north  ami  soirii  oi  fir\, 
other  ami  almost  toncliin;;  at  the  surface  of  tlic  water.  The  southern  one  is  alio. it  nini'I,\  \,iiils 
in  extent  ami  sli},'htlv  the  l.irjiir  and  hij;lier.  It  i.-  eif,'ht.vcii;hf  feet  hif^li  ami  has  an  arch  tlr.iii,'|i 
it  as  sevn  from  the  south.  The  northern  one  is  .seventv  three  feet  hi;;h.  They  lie  nearlv  i  ii;lii 
hundred  yards  from  the  hij;h  watci  beac^h,  which  is  here  (  ;u'  hundred  and  tifty  yards  wide  ;  llir  low 
water  beach  is  one  luiiidrcd  and  thirty  yards  wide.  Wiicn  we  passed  these  rocks  they  api«Mivil  i> 
a  single  double-hci'.dcd  one;  they  wore  jiray  in  ctilor  and  were  readily  rct'oy;ni/.ed  as  seen  ind. 
j»'cted  aj^iinst  tin'  bright  sand  beach   beyond. 

The  area  of  the  I'.ay  is  lietwcen  twelve  and  tifteen  sipiare  miles,  and  it  consists  maiidy  of  i.ii;.'i 
Hats  and  shoal  places,  with  im  importanl  channel  at  low  water.  The  entrance  i.s  about  si.\  Imiiihtil 
yards  wide,  and  the  channel  thence  to  the  bar  is  oni>  and  om  <piarter  miles  lon^.  The  (lii|i, -; 
watc  r  is  under  tlie  Green  Hill,  or  north  side,  where  depths  of  Ibrty  and  llfty  feet  are  fouml,  iii;i 
between  the  twelve  fci't  curves  it  is  nowlu'rc  less  than  one  hundred  yaids  wide,  and  carries  eii,0,iiTi. 
feet  throu;;h  a  narrow  lane  tit  the  bar.  The  bar,  at  the  tinir  of  the  lirsf  survey  (1S(!7),  vva.-;  uis; 
half  south  from  the  foot  of  (!reen  Hill,  and  a  depth  of  liftecn  feet  coidd  be  carried  over  it  vmiIhii 
narrow  limits;  between  the  twelve-feet  curves  on  either  side  it  was  four  hundred  yards  wide  imuli 
and  south,  althou;;li  there  was  a  narrow  twelve  and  a  half  feet  middle  {ground  Just  uiidr!  ii, 
south  sidr  of  the  channel.  'I"he  breaker.s  alway.s  show  the  south  side  of  the  channel.  Tin  il.> 
tanee  across  tin-  bar  was  less  than  one  hundred  yards. 

Alth()U>,'h  no  complete  re-examination  of  the  Itar.  channel,  and  ajtiiroaches  has  been  madr.  mi 
sMlbiient  soundintrs  have  been  made  to  pioperly  locate  the  bmiys,  and  changes  an  km)wn  to  li.ixc 
taken  piact'.  In  the  Ibioy-list  of  October.  ISS.").  it  is  stated  that  there  was  then  oidy  seven  lii  i  <ii 
water  on  the  bar;  lii.t  in  October,  I.S.Si;.  the  reporl  made  to  'he  la;,'hthou.s«'  Inspector  was  lii.ii  a 
depth  ol  sixteen  feet  at  lii^lh  water  could  be  earned  over  it.  Notwithstamlin;,'  freipieiit  and  iiiiikm 
chanjit's,  the  p'm-ral  .siateuieiit  is  made  by  ves.sels  iradiii;;  there  that  for  twi-nty  years  the  h.ii  U.t-. 
been  very  clo.se  on  the  ranf^e  of  I'uiler's  House  and  tin'  rock  lyiny:  nearly  two  hundre<l  and  lilt. 
yards  west  by  south  half  s(nith  (\V.  by  S.  S  S.)  from  it.  In  ISSd  two  small  steamers  ami  a  schoniici 
were  tradiit;;  between  .Vstoria  am!  Tillamook  May,  and  the  liiirhthouse  steamer,  drawiiij,'  ciivcii 
feel  ol   water,  has  lieeii  inside  the  entrance  t(»  locate  the  buoys. 

Inside  the  eiitiaiice  ol'  Tillamook  Hay  Its  j;eneral  trend  is  south  southeast  for  two  and  i  h.ili 
mill  s  :  tiieii  I'ast  soulheast  for  two  and  a  ipiarter  miles.  It  rapidly  evpands  as  it  stni.ii- 
soiilhwaid.  Hall'  a  mile  east  from  tireen  Hill  i.-^  lidiUy  /Vi/h^,  just  to  the  northeastward  of  uh  !: 
is  a  n.iriow,  treeless  ll.it  under  the  hi;,di.  wooded  shore;  on  this  llat  is  lo(;ated  the  scjlli'ip.  r 
formeily  known  as  Unrilinhli,  and  which  in  1>7.">  consisted  ot'  a  store,  post olhce.  and  a  few  iuImi 
houses.  Tiiis  pi.icc*  is  no"  );ciicrally  known  as  Holison\:llc.  Itetween  Mailcy  roiiil.  on  the  ui-i 
northwest,  and  .MemaliK't  Head,  on  the  east -southeast,  a  ishallow  (tove  makes  in  to  the  mirihi  i-.; 
for  one  mile,  and  into  the  head  of  itemplies  the  Miinni  Hirer,  a  Hiuall  stream  coiuinj,'  froih  ;li' 
iiorihe.ist.  Ml  miiliirt  IIkkI,  Ihi'  northeast  point  of  the  bay,  is  low,  narrow,  and  bare  ol  Il•ee■^  ini 
a  short  distance  inland.  On  the  northwest  an;,'le  of  the  point  is  situated  a  sawinill,  whicli  I, r- 
soiith  sevenlyseven  de;,'rees  east  (S.  77  '  K.)  one  and  Ihic  ei;;lilhs  miles  from  the  base  of  diTi 
Hill ;  and  oil  the^soutlie.i.st  side  of  Meinalnct  Head,  oiie-qnailerof  ii  mile  from  the  point,  is  a  .-n  i 
canneiy  i;»  the  oiilei  eml  of  a  short  wharf.     There  is  very  little  water  at  either  plac<>. 

The  nexi  t  -  o  points  on  the  eastern  shoie  of  the  li.iy  ixrc  Siinilxlonr  I'oinI  nuA  Slirll  I'  ' 
The  former  lies  south  forty  decrees  «ast  (S.  ID  F.)  on,^  and  oue  eighth  miles  from  Memaluct  lln.l 
is  wooiled  to  the  water's  ed^re,  and  has  ten  to  eleven  feet  of  water  close  olV  it.  The  latter  lie-  '  ■ 
the  .same  iicariii;;  nearly  two  and  a  half  miles  from  Mem.ilm^t  Mead,  is  spar.sely  wooded,  ami  h  i~ 
shoal  water  otV  it. 

The  lirst  point  in  the  .sonfhwestern  part  of  the  bay  is  Pitrhrr  Poitil,  three  ami  one  .si.xlh  n  ^  - 
south  thirteen  dci;rees  east  (.S.  |;$ "  K.)  from  (Jieen  Hill,  ami  lyiny  three  quarters  of  a  mile  li  "' 
the  Ocean  liemh  alireast  thenarrowcHt  part  of  the  peninsula,  which  i:- here  abmil  one  hiindrcd  i  i 
fifty  .vards  across.  The  point  is  wooded  to  Ihe  water's  ed;;e,  and  the  bay  is  shoal  lor  one  ihinl  ■''■ 
a  mile  tait  from  it.  From  Pitcher  I'oiiil  the  kouHi  shore  strctche!,  nearly  eiist  «outhea«t  for  tlii" 
UiilcH  to  the  moulli  of  Trask  (^leek. 


# 


"Utt 


V\ 


Ml  I'dcl,:;   ildii;; 

lose  IIISI  |)|V. 

and  .s(iiHl,.li,,. 

IiImi'K    '111  !■!;>. 

<(>ll'  ll    111'    !■  ic!i 

ninety  \MiU 

I  arcli  ilirnii-li 

t'    nt';H'l\   cl-;!!! 

wiilf  ;  till'  liuv 

'V  ;ili|ic.livi|  ;l.v 

II  as  sc'cii  |i|ii 

nainly  ulliu-'ir 
it  six  Intiiilrnl        i 

'I'llr  (ll'r|M -.1 

arc  t'liuMil,  Ilia 
irrlt's  t'ij,'l,ii>iii 
ISfiT),  was  wi'vi 
1  ovri-  it  within 
inls  wide  iiuiili 
Just  iindiT  till 
iiiu'l.     Tin-  ll,^ 

hei'M  iniuli'.  \( ; 

known  In  li,i\(' 
ily  seven  li  ii  nl 

etor  was  thai  .. 
nient  anil  iniin'i 
l-ai-s  tlie  bar  h;is 
iiidred  and  tilt;. 
i  and  a  ^l'lllMl|||'l 
iliawinj,'  elcMii 

I'  two  and  a  h.ih 
as  it  stfetrhiN 
M  waid  t'l'  w  h  1  h 
1  tlie  scttleiiii  lii 
anil  a  lew  uthn 
nl.  on  ilu'  wi  ~! 
to  llu'  northr.i>; 
'oiniiij;  from  ;h<- 
lare  ol  Ifees  u>\ 
mill,  wliieli  lir~ 
1'  base  i>r  (Iiii  I 
|ioiiil,  is  a  sin.i'i 
li'e, 

anil  Sh,-ll  l':''<,t 
ileinalnct  ll'i'l. 
'Ill'  laller  In-  ■  ' 
I'oixled,  and  h  i~ 

onesixlli  luh" 
s  (if  ii  mile  ll  "I 
ine  liiindred   i    I 

for  one  tliiiil  ol 
itliwtMt  lor  til  111' 


PACiriC   COAST   IMLOT.  439 

The  bay  '«  mostly  (IMed  by  (bits  tliat  are  baro  at  low  water.  The  i)rincipal  i-liannel  tliroiif,'h 
it  runs  from  the  inner .siileof  Kiin;lieloe  I'oint,  the  sonth  |ioiiit  of  the  i  'itraitee,  diiij^omilly  towards 
ihi'  siintlieast  part  of  the  bay,  and  when  abreast  of  Shell  I'oini  it  breaks  tip  badly.  Another 
.  Iiaiinel  runs  from  Mailey's  roini,  nearly  straiy:lil  for  .Mcmaluet  Head,  thenee  past  Sandstoiio 
I'diiit  nearly  to  Shell  roinI,  where  it  llatten.s  out. 

BUOYS   AND  .SAIMNii    DlllECTIONS. 

Aids  to  navi};ation  have  been  placed  to  mark  the  bar  tind  cluuuiel  as  follows: 

'rUlitmiiol;  Hiir  lindi/. — This  is  a  nfcaml  class  canhnoi/  iiuiutcd  irilli  hliitl.-  <ui(l  irh'itf  }ii  rpindlfuliir 
stripes,  it  is  placed  oiilside  the  bai>-  in  twcnlyone  feet  of  water  over  sandy  liottoni,  with  seven 
i.iiliiiins  close  outside  of  it,  and  sixteen  I'athonis  half  a  nnle  to  the  westward. 

I'riim  it  the  followiii};  bearings  and  ilistaiuH's  are  j;iveii  •  iionble-lieaded  '.tock  iiiider  the 
iMFitli  shore  bears  north  half  west  (N.  .\  W.),  distant  one  and  one  third  miles;  and  snininit  of 
(nceii  Hill  bcai's  east  half  north  (1''..  .<  N.),  distant  one  and  two  thirds  miles,  lilack  linoy  No.  1 
lii.v  on  ihe  Uuv.  to  (ireen  Mill  and  dista'it  seven  eighths  of  a  mile  I'roin  the  KiM-biioy. 

l''rom  this  buoy  steer  east  one  i|uaiter  north  (1'..  J  N.)  nliich  (ouisc  leads  directly  towards 
l'.;iilcy  Point  and  midway  Ihe  buoys  markinj;  the  iioilli  aiid  south  breakeis ;  when  up  with  the 
links  under  Ciiceii  Hill,  run  parallel  with  the  sIkhc  to  iSailey  I'oini.  aMiidiii;;' the  sunken  rock 
l\iii.i;'a  ipiarterof  a  mile  southwest  from  it  andniaikcd  with  a  !niov,  and  anchor  about  oiie(|iiaiter 
111  a  mile  to  the  southeast  of  the  \illa^;e  in  from  cii,dit  to  thirteen  tcet  of  water, 

Xiirtli  .S'/H/  lUiitji. —  This  is  u /////v/(7((,'(.s'  iiiiiihiiitii,  jKiintnl  hliuk  and  Hiimlnrcd  \.  1 1  is  placed 
in  twenly-eiyl't  feel  of  water  over  sandy  bottom  imi  the  north  side  of  thecliannil  inside  the  bar. 
The  t'olli'v.  ,11;,'  beaiinys  and  dist.inces  locate  this  buoy  :  Double  headed  Itock,  olV  the  north  beach, 
beats  northwest  liy  mirlh  (WV.  h\  N.),  distant  one  and  se\eii  ei,L;lillis  miles;  I'liller's  Kock.  close 
iiiiilef  the  inirlh  shore,  be;i:s  east  l:y  north  (1'.  by  N,  ),  ilistant  ncail.N  half  a  mile;  Saw-mill  ini 
Meiiialiict  I'oint  bears  east  threei|iiarteis  .-.oiith  (10.  ,' S.),  distant  two  and  oueei;;htli  miles,  with 
liiioy  on  siiiikeu  rock  oil'  I'>ailcv  I'oint  in  line  anil  distant  one  and  onettMith  miles;  Ued  l!uoy  No. 
L',  on  the  south  side  of  the  channel.  be:ii<  east  soul lica  >•  1 '"..  .SI';.),  distant  threc-cijiliths  of  a  mile. 

Fullers  III  li,  here  referred  to,  lies  nearly  on  the  ed;;e  of  hi;:li  water  one  i|iiarter  of  ii  mile 
northwestward  iioin  the  ninetylive  t'eet  rock  .'lose  under  the  southwest  face  of  (iii'eii  Hill. 
I'uller's  lioek  is  about  forty  feet  liij;li,  pyraiuidi  I  in  i'orin,  ;uid  has  a  few  bushes  ami  some  j;i-ass  on 
•  lie  top. 

,'<(iiilli  Siiil  Ihiofi. — This  i.-,  a  th'inlclass  nun  lnu>>/.  paiulal  rri(  and  nnmlnrtd  'J.  It  is  placed  in 
twenty  se\en  feet  of  water  over  sandy  bottom  on  the  south  side  of  the  eliaiiiu'l  crlose  under  the 
liicakcrs,  ;iud  the  I'oiliiwiii;^   lieaiin;;s  and  distaii.es  locate  it  : 

I'liller's  Ii'ock  beats  nortlieasl  l>y  east  half  east  {N'l!.  liy  10.  K  11.),  distant  four  hundred  yards; 
r>aile,\  I'oint  bears  east  one  I  hiiil  noil  i;  (10.  ;\  N.),  distant  scM-ii  ei;;lit!is  ot  a  mile :  Saw-mill  on 
AleiiLiliicI  I'oi  lit  bears  east  Ihreeipiarters  .south  (lO.'J  S.),  distant  neatly  one  and  three  iiiiarters 
mih's.  with  the  biiuy  o(V  I'lailey  i'oint  nearly  in  line  and  three-ipiarters  of  a  mile  ilistant. 

■  litoy  lit)'  lUiih'ii  I'oint. — This  is  a  tliinlcltiss  nun  Imnii,  imintvil  trith  hliick  iniil  nil  iniriionlal 
xtriins.  It  is  placed  in  twelve  feet  of  water,  over  hard  bottom,  close  to  a  snnhfn  rock-  lyiti;;one- 
(|iiaiier  (if  a  mile  siuilliwest  (S\V.)  from  liailey  I'oint.  It  should  be  let't  on  the  starboard  hand 
Koiiij;  in.     The  sunken  rock  lii's  close  under  the  southeast  side  of  the  buoy. 

'I'lie  tollowinj,'  bearings  and  dist.inces  locale  this  buoy:  Left  .  ii^tMit  of  the  basi  of  (ireen 
llill  bears  northwest  by  west  one  third  west  (NW.  by  W.  ^  \V.1.  instant  thice-ei;;litlis  of  a  mile; 
llie  hoMM's  on  Ibiilcy  i'oiiil  iiiirthcast  t  wo  thirds  east  ( N  M. ':|  ll.^  ..:sl:iiit  one  ipiaiter  ol  a  mile,  aiul 
S,iw  null  on  .Meinalnct  Head  easi  two  thirds  south  [K.   ',  S.),  disi.itit  one  mile. 

fill'  ^i'oy;:iipliical  positioi.  of  the  L'.  S.  Coast  and  (it'odctie  Survey  station  oi  (ireen  Hill  in 
as  tollows: 

but  it  mil' I"' '  :i:i   :!'.•".'.'  iioitli. 

I.i>ii;:iiinii' I'.':!    r.i;  imi'.u  «isi. 

Or.  ill  limn    ""    1."'"'  I IML 

III  .lanuaiy,  IS.H.'i,  t'.'.'  nni},'netie  variation  was  L'l  ■  'J:!'  Kast,  and  the  yearly  inereaK     was  li'.O. 

7'/(/rv,— The  ("(U'rectcd  I';Htalili,''liinent,  or  the  mc;ni  interval  between  Ihe'imeof  1  e  .Moon's 
meridian  transit  and  the  time  of  hifil.  water,  is  Ml''  b'.t'",  and  the  dilferenee  between  the  j,'reatest 
and  least  of  these  inler\als  is  1'  ;il"'.  'I'lie  mean  rise  and  tall  of  the  tides  is  six  leet  ;  of  spring 
tides  seven  and  four  tenths  feet;  and  of   the   neap  tides    four   and  six-tenths  feet.     When  the 


I 


I 

ii 


n  i!*  i 


'n 


It. 


Mip^ifP9*!V>pi>***nn^ 


440 


PACIFIC    COAST    PIM)T. 


f 


Moon's  iloi'Iiiiiition  is  Rioutest  north  tlio  liifjlt  waters  for  tlio  Moon's  uppor  transit  aro.  seven  and 
tlirt't -tcntlis  fiM't  al>i>vo  tlie  plane  of  refereiiee,  and  tlie  low  waters  six  tenths  of  a  foot  In  l.u -, 
and  for  tlie  Moon's  lower  transit  the  hei}jhts  are  resjieetively  six  and  two  tenths  feet  and  Iwi^  rici 
above  the  plane  of  referenee.  When  the  Moon's  tleelination  is  {greatest  south  the  hi;;li  w  ins 
for  the  Moon's  vijiju'r  transit  are  six  and  t'to  tenths  feet  above  the  jilane  of  ri'feienee  and  llif  lnw 
waters  two  t'eet  above;  and  for  the  Modn's  lower  transit  these  qnantities  are  respeelivciv  x  m 
and  three-tenths  feet  above  and  six-tenths  of  a  foot  below  the  plains  of  referenee.  At  tiie  full  md 
ehan<ie  of  the  Moon  the  lii^li  waters  of  the  sprinj;  tides  are  one-half  of  a  foot  hijiher,  ami  ihc  low 
waters  se\eii  tenths  of  a  foot  lower  than  the  above.  At  the  Moon's  lirst  and  last  (piaiti'iN  ih,. 
hiyli  waters  are  ono-lialf  of  a  foot  lower,  and  the  low  waters  are  seven-tenths  of  a  foot  hi-hrr 
than  the  above. 

To  lind  the  times  and  heights  fivnn  the  ('oa^.t  Survey  Tide  Tallies,  jinblisherl  aninially  foi  tlip 
ra('iti<' Coast,  take  out  the  times  and  hei.uhts  for  Astoria  lor  the  re(piired  date;  then  from  iln^ 
<;iven  lime  of  hij;h  water  subtract  thirty-six  minutes,  and  from  the  {ji^eii  lieij;lit  subtran  ii\c 
tenths  of  a  foot ;  from  the  f,'i\en  time  of  low  water  snbtraet  thirty  six  minutes,  and  from  the  -vcn 
hei.yht  subtract  three  tenths  of  a  foot. 

Several  streams  llow  into  Tillamook  I'ay,  and  the  region  is  well  wooded  and  watered.  'I'luir 
is  sai<l  to  be  a  ]iopnlation  of  nearly  one  thousand  on  the  bay  ami  the  trilmtaiy  rivers,  A  iciml 
runs  from  the  county  town  f.f  Tillamook,  at  the  southeastern  ]iart  of  the  bay,  over  the  inouiii.iiiis 
to  the  Willamette  valley.  Vessels  have  been  built  iiere;  ami  in  summer  regular  eommniiii;iiiii:i 
by  water  is  maintained  between  this  bay  and  Astoria. 

in  July,  17.S.S,  Miarcs,  comiii};  from  the  northward,  was  searching  for  the  Columbia  Itivri. 
missed  it  but  called  the  broad  estuary  of  its  month  Deception  I'.ay,  and  when  up  with  Tillaiiiin'k 
Uay  he  'jives  a  view  of  the  lattei  as  seen  over  tiie  low  peninsula.     He  says  (pp.  KiS,  l(i!(): 

A  \:\r'^o  ii|i('iiiiij;  appiai'i'il  aluail.  wliii  li  iwtrv  iiKiri'  aijiiM:iti'i1  mil'  Inipi's,  miil  fcinncil  a  iirw  moiiici'  of  ^li^;l|l|w 
incut.  Ill  till'  odiiij;  it  liliw  viiy  Ntroii;^,  and  a  ;;ii'al  wcstrily  n\m-11  tnnilili'd  in  on  tlie  lanil.  liv  si'vni  o'cloi  u  i  :, 
till' 1  viiiiii);  ]  wr  Wert' al>ira.sl  ol  Ilijs  o|iriiiiii;.  tlic  iiioiitli  of  wliirli,  to  mir  ;;ii'al  iiiorlilicatloii,  was  mtiri'lv  i-Iom.1  li\ 
a  low.  r<aiicly  Iwaili,  nearly  li'Vr!  «  itli  tlir  M-a,  wliirli  apiuareil  to  llow  iiviT  it,  anil  form  an  oxti'iisivc  liarl>".iii  i  ; 
lii'Miiiil  it  nil  o|irn  rl.aiii|>ai;;ll  lonntiy  cMiioliil  |o  a  considi'i'.ilili'  distani'i'  wlii'ic  it  \va><  coiiliiii'il  liy  a  lioiiml.ii  \  "I 
lofty  inoniitaiiiM.  Tin'  liay  was  iiainiil  t^iiiik>ainl  Day.  and  an  adjoining  liradlaiid  Capo  (InnviUc ;  tin-  ili>hii.t 
hoiulnTly  liiadland  we  calliMl  Capi'  Lookout.     [Capo  .Mi'aios.  J 

Vancouver  (April,  179:.')  has  a  dec|)  recession  of  the  shore  at  Tilliimook  I'.ay,  but  he  diil  not 
see  tlie  sand  iieiiinsiila  separating;  it  from  the  ocean.  lie  notes  the  Ihttible  hi  aded  Koek  toiiio 
north  of  the  May,  but  ^^ixes  no  names.  Tebeiikolf  eoiiies  Vaiiconver  but  adds  a  river  comiiij;  iiiio 
the  soiitln'ast  part  of  this  deep  '  ij;ht  and  names  it  the  Uiver  Nikas. 

The  bay  is  named  IVoin  the  tiibe  of  Indians  who  inhabited  this  rejjion  in  the  time  of  Lew  is  ami 
Claike.  These  eaily  tia\(lei.Mlid  not,  however,  visit  this  locality,  but  obtained  their  iiiformalioii 
friHii  the  Indians  about  the  Columbia.  They  Wfn-  a  lewiniles  south  of  Tillamook  Head,  and  ni. 
resented  the  Kay  of  the  Killamiicks  very  iieailv  in  il.-i  actual  shape.  The  northern  point  of  llio 
loll;:,  seaward  peiiiiisida  stielchinj;  from  the  south  they  called  Cape  Lookout,  but  it  is  not  im  :i 
t'oned  in  their  narrative. 

The  U.  S.  Coast  Survey  published  the  (irst  chart  of  Tillamook  Bay  in  1807. 


jt"' 


CAl'K  LA  MKSA. 

S'iirtli  of  Tilliniiniih-  lUui  the  coast  is  almost  a  straiKht  line  for  four  and  one-third  miles  to  llie 
month  of  the  Nelialem  Kiver,  and  then  falls  back  sli^'hUy  to  opposite  the  turn  of  that  river;  bu; 
thence  it  eontinnes  .strai^'ht  for  ten  miles  towards  the  petik  of  Neahkah  iiie  Mimntaiii,  The  liuii 
land  liaek  of  this  shore,  from  Tillamook  I'.ay  to  the  turn  of  the  Nehaleiii  Hiver,  is  Cape  La  Me~.i 

In  strictness  'ins  is  not  a  cape,  lint  a  lii;;li,  densely  wooded  rid^e,  ran;;iiij;  Irom  sixteen  Ini'i 
died  and  titty  feet  elevation  at  the  southern  pail  to  one  tli<iusand  feet  at  the  middle,  and  a<,'aii. 
risino  to  tliiiteeii  hiindred  feet.  The  seaward  face  is  abrupt  but  covered  with  a  forest  of  lii 
that  comes  down  to  a  slight  bliit)  at  the  inner  edye  of  a  line  of  .sand,  ruder  the  wooded  sloju- 
there  is  a  line  of  five  la;;oons surrounded  by  foi-esl  am!  opeiiiii};  by  narrow  water-ways  to  the  oceni'. 
At  the  ba.se  of  the  southwest  part  of  this  liio;|i  ridge  the  sand  dunes  reach  sixty  feet  elevation. 
then  change  into  grass  and  tern  which  cover  the  dunes  to  one  hundred  ami  twenty  feet  elevatio'i 

Two  miles  Irom  the  southern  end  of  this  high  ridge,  and  lying  seven  hundred  yarils  from  tin 
shore,  are  t  wo  rocks  wlio.se  bases  aro  so  clo.sc  logellier  that  tbcy  are  generally  suppoHcd  to  b«  oue, 


\i 


i    •\'->V. 


H 


I'ACIFIC    COAS'I'    PILOT. 


441 


ro.  .sovfii  .111(1 

I'odt      \lr'.    w    ; 
Mini   IWn   liM't 

Iii;:Ii  wiiicis 

iind  ilir  liuv 

•li\<'l,\  s,    ,.,! 

lllC  full   .111,1 
illlll   till'  low 

i|iiMrtiT~  ;||,. 
tool    li  .,ii,; 

lllllly    \\<y  tlir. 
M'li   t'nuii  ihi- 

illlltl'MCl    li\c- 

i>ni  the  ;:i\i'n 

red.     Thnr 
'IS.       .\     |,i;|i| 

ic  nioiiiii.iiiis 
lilinuiiJ(';lli<i;i 

iinhia    l!i\fi, 
III  Tilliuiioiik 

'  I'C  ilisa|i|ii'iii|. 
Vrll  ii'i'liM  I,  I  ,., 
liri'ly  cliiMc!  I.v 
VC  liarliM  .Iti  1  ; 
A  IkiiiimI.ii  .  .1 
Ir;    ll.c  ,l;.i.,   1 

t   lie   dill    iml 
IfocU    to  llir 

r  coiiiiii};'  iiiIh 

of  Ia'W  i.s  anil 
r  iiitbi'inaiKMi 
I'Md,  Mild  iiji 
point  of  111!' 
t  is  not  mill 


miles  to  till' 
t  river;  Im; 
II.  Tlu'liir, 
ipt"  Lii  Ml  - 1 
Kixti't'ii  li;:'i 
',  and  a^Miii 

forest  ot  lir 
iiodi'd  Hlo|i.  > 

to  tllO  OI'IMP. 

■ct  clcvatiiiii. 
ft  I'lfvation. 
ids  froiii  till- 
ill  to  bu  uur, 


^'^M 


^'4 


ilia 


!i 


and  Iiavo  boon  iiaiiu'd  (1807)  tlio  Double  Ihuikd  Uiwk.  Tlio  .sontlioiii  ono  is  slijjlitly  tlie  larger,  bo- 
iiij;  scxent.v  yards  in  extent  and  lisin^  to  oijflity-eiglit  feet.  The  nortlioin  one  is  sli^jlitly  sniallor 
;iiiil  is  si'Vfiity  live  feet  lii^li.  The  Moiitlioni  one  has  an  arch  thi()u;;h  it  as  seen  from  the  sontli- 
\Mird.  I'xitli  wei'o  fjray  (.Inly),  and  from  a  mile  or  two  seaward  show  (piite  eonspienonsly  on 
;ii(iiimt  of  tho  bright  sand  lieaeh  behind  (hem.  Wo  saw  no  breakers  near  thoui,  nor  does  the 
l(ipo;:iMpliical  siirvoy  indicate  any  sunken  dangers. 

'flic  geographieal  position  of  the  sontherii  |)eak  of  the  Double- 1  loaded  Uoek  has  boon  deter- 
mined  liy  the  IJ.  S.  Coast  and  (ioodotic  Survey  as  follows: 

l.iilitiiilr 45^^  ;i.")'  11". (i  iKirtli. 

l.oMnilmlr Ii2:!'^  ij"'  liT'.l     wi'.st. 

'I'lie  latitude  of  the  south  end  of  Cape  I, a  Mesa  is  gi\cii  for  the  lii;,'-hest  part  of  the  Mesa  about 
one  and  a  lialf  miles  north  by  easi  (N.  by  I',.)  Iroiii  the  station  (Ireeii  Hill,  which  overlooks  the. 
ciitiMnce  to  Tillamook  Hay.  It  is  40^  .il'  ■»()"  north  and  VSS^  'ut'  (HI"  west,  and  is  one  and  a  half 
null  s  east  of  tho  shore. 

'i'liis  southern  lioad  of  the  ridge  »viiscalloil  <'m)io  (iionville  by  Moares  in  .Inly,  17S,S. 

Diitlot  di^  >bifras  has  ('a]ie  do  la  Mesa  on  Cape  booUiuit  in  about  latitude -tri"^  .'(!'. 

It  IS  named  La  Me.sa  to  ••omniomorate  the  discoxcry  of  Iloeeta  and  IJodega,  who  applied  this 
nniiie  to  a  llat-topjiod  monntMin  in  l.ititiido -tri^  L'.'^^'  wl.icli  they  mention  as  a  lanillall.  At  the  same 
lime  they  placed  the  Ties  JNIaiias  (the  Three  .\icli  rocks)  olf  <'Mpe  Meares  in  latitude  45'^  ;i(»'. 
riieir  "  Monto  piano  a  Jlanora  do  Mesa  "  has  not  been  rooognizod. 

THE  NKTIALRM   UIVKK. 

Five  miles  iiortliward  of  (!reen  liill,  at  the  north  side  of  Tillamook  I'^ntrance.  the  straight  line 
nt  the  shore  retreats  gradually  half  a  mile  in  the  next  one  and  a  half  miles  and  then  continuos 
ninth  fur  another  mile  Mild  a  half.  Coming  from  the  north  almost  to  tlie  latitude  of  this  lirst 
( liMiigo  of  diri'ction  is  a  straiglit,  iiMrrow,  sMiid  iieninsula,  nearly  three  miles  long.  Mini  averaging 
iml  iiiiite  one  third  of  a  mile  in  widlli.  It  is  jirolonged  towards  the  soniliern  hi);li  shore  by  a 
sand  siiit  of  one  mile  in  length,  bare  at  low  water.  At  the  Minlhern  end  of  this  sii'Dineiged  sand 
spil  i^  the  eiilianco  of  tlu^  NeliMlem  llixcr,  wliieh  comes  elo.se  under  the  lil;;li,  wooded  land  oil  the 
east,  and  between  it  and  thi'  iiairow  sand  spit  and  |ii'iiinsiila.  Noithw:iiil  of  the  entrance,  in  lat- 
iliide  i.-p  41,V,  the  high  sIkmc  turns  abrnplly  lo  the  cmsI  northeast  tor  one  and  tlin  r  (luarters 
miles,  and  forms  the  sontli  shore  of  Nehalem  IJay,  which  is  h<  n  <  mile  ami  a  (|iiarler  w  nle,  although 
lilled  with  sand  Hats  that  are  bare  at  low  water  and  occupy  foi  i'-  of  the  area.     The  channel  of 

llie  river  is  under  the  wooded  south  shore.     At   thooaslein  p.u  lie  Iniy  the  river  comes  from 

ilie  imrthnorllieMst  for  Mbuut  two  miles  at  a  point  where  the  iim  ih  imk,  wliiiii  is  Ilie  sniallor. 
Kimes  ill  from  the  north,  and  the  .south  fork  from  the  .south  and  east.  'I  In  river  heads  in  Ihe 
western  llank  of  the  Coast  liange,  which  is  iiboiii   twenty  miles  in  from  the  coast 

At  the  lime  of  the  survey  in  ISTr.  ilie  low-water  cliMiinel  of  the  liver  Mt  the  eiitiance  was  one 
liiindied  and  sixty  yards  wide  but  Ml  the  bend  tliitc  miles  inside  it  was  six  hundred  and  lil'fy 
sards  w  ide. 

The  />'((/•  of  the  river  was  not  .sounded,  but  it  was  sullicieiitly  near  to  the  ob.sorx .  1  to  be 
walihed  from  the  shore,  and  for  live  months  they  never  saw  it  without  a  break  ontirel\  across 
il.  It  was  believed  to  have  less  tlian  six  tcot  of  water  uiion  it.  The  channel  evidently  shifts  with 
heavy  storms.  There  aiipcared  times  when  a  small  steamer  might  enter  by  riinuing  throii-h  one 
hue  of  broakors  if  the  exact  position  of  the  bar  and  the  deiilli  of  water  upon  it  wfie  known.  \ 
-iiling  ves.sel  could  not,  ordinarily,  get  in  or  out  because  the  wind  is  not  steady  enough  sd.'.i.so 
iiiiiler  the  high  eaistcrn  shore. 

Ill  .Inly.  istlT,  when  we  were  iiasaiiig  close  ahmg  tho  coast,  we  found  the  N'ehalomopening 
abrcMst  of  the  position  of  the  iiorlh  point  in  ISi.'i, 

In  ISiW,  during  the exMininat  1011  of  the  river,  the  bar  broke  continuously  and  was  unapproach- 
able Inside  the  bar  iimb  r  the  iioiih  low  water  spit  the  ehannel  carried  sixteen  feet  of  water,  but 
aliieasl  the  roof  under  the  east  bliilVs  the  depth  was  sroiired  out  to  thirty-two  i'eol.  At  one  and 
three-iiiiartors  miles  inside  tho  north  .sand  point  (which  was  then  twenty-live  foot  high),  the  ohaniiol 


nt  over  to  the  wesi  bank,  carrying  fourteen  feet  of  wiilt 


and  it  contiiiuod  under  that  shore  to 


J 


I 


fi 


llio  groat  bond  whore  the  tlopth  was  ton  to  twelve  feet,  with  a  width  of  four  hundrod  yarils  bo- 


441 


I'ACIKU;    (OAST    I'll.oT. 


m 


twot'ii  the  sixtVt't  ciirvos.  At  liifjii  wator  tlic  sea  Iticaks  cutin'i.N  across  tin- narrow  clianiu  I  us 
r.ir  iinrlliwaid  astliosand  point,  t'lVrcliiallv  rlosinv  llu'  river. 

Oiu-  niilo  inside  I  In-  liar,  and  almost  alircast  of  tin-  sonlli  «>n<l  of  llu-  north  san<l  point,  ili,  i,.  |s 
a  Icdfjcol'  rofks  eloso  under  tlie  eastern  slior»!  lint  projeetinj;  partially  into  tlieeliannel. 

Inside,  the  liver  is  reported  to  lie  ravifiable  for  vessels  of  li^jht  draiifiht  forei;,'lit  to  ten  ni,l,> 
There  are  reported  to  lie  coal  depiisits  on  the  north  fork  of  the  river. 

The  north  point  of  the  river  eontinnes  northward  for  three  miles  as  a  barren  sand  i)eniiiHil;i' 
nowheu'  reaeliiiifi  twenty  feet  elevation  nntil  the  lir  forest  is  reached,  al  one  mile  norlh  ni  ;li,. 
hi;;li  head  inside  the  river.  Tiience  it  continues  nurthwaril  with  increasinj;  iieijiht  and  ilmv,. 
forests,  except  alonj;  the  immediate  shoie  where  theic  is  a  narrow  line  of  grassy  sand  hillock.- iHMn 
forty  to  one  hundred  ami  forty  feet  elevation. 

From  seaward  the  depression  of  the  bay  and  valley  is  readily  made  out  as  a  break  two  imlc 
in  width  in  the  higher  coast  line. 

The  y;eoj;rapliical  position  of  the  station  "  Keaton."  uliieh  is  nntlci  the  hij;li,  wooded  MiiiK 
abreast  the  bar,  as  d(>termined  bv  the  l'.  S.  Coast  and  (leodilic  Snrvev,  is  as  followv.: 


I.iilitiiili' 


1     iiiitli. 


I. 


■  IlUl 


tllilr 


<  M'.  ill   linic 


i:.'".ir.-.->. 


The  ma;;iietic  \aiiation  was  L'l     L'.">'  «'ast  in  .laniiarv.  ISS, 


"i,  with  a  yearh  increase  of  'J  .(». 


One  of  the  fealnres  for  recoj;iii/.in;;  this  localitv  is  Neah  kali  nie  Mountain,  live  imlss  ii>  il 


northward,  and  1\ 


inder  Cajie  l''alcon.     It  is  hciealter  desci  ibed. 


Lewis  and  Clarke  mention  the  entrance  to  the  "  N';  ice  Crei'k,"  twenty  miles  South  of  1  ilb 
mook  Head,  into  a  bay  whicl.  they  erroneously  stale  to  be  the  "Killamuck."  Their  eliait  ^ivcs  n 
name  to  the  bay.  but  the  main  stream  runnin;^'  into  it  is  ■'  Killamouck  Itiver." 

TebeiikotV  has  a  si  ream  desij.'nalcd  tlie  "Nahalcm."  empl\  inj;  into  the  ocean  in  lalilndi  !"■ 
.M',  but  this  ]iositioii  is  close  under  Tillamook  Head  ami  doiibth'ss  refers  to  the  I'a'ola  Creek  umli 
that  I'ape. 

CWK   I'AI.CON   (III!    I'AI.SI-.    lIM.AMOnK). 


M*  i' 


Tliis  cape  lies  seventci'ii  and  a  half  miles  norlh  lui'iily  decrees  west  (N.L'O  \V  )  IVoiii  (mI'c 
Meares;  am!  Icn  and  a  (|uaMer  miles  noilh  Iwenl.v  six  decrees  wot  (N,  UlJ  W.I  from  liniiMi- 
Headed  Koek.Just  uiirthof  the  entrance  lo 'I'ilhimook  i'>ay.  I''r<im  the  Li^hl  house  tin  Tilla:!'iM>k 
Itock  it  bears  south  tliiily  dej;iees  east  (S.  .10     !■"..),  distant  ten  and  one  thiril  miles. 


Niiiihw  aid  of  Ti 


ik    and   Nehalem    i'>a\s  the   lar;;e  inouulain  mass,  which  embraces  li 


landfall  of  Saildb-  Mnunlain,  comes  from  tlie  northeast  am!  lermiuales  on  the  coastal  tliclmlil 
head  of  Cape  I'alcon.  and  the  still  bolder  head  of  Neali-kal'i  nie  Monntaiu  on  the  south  and  Aidi 
Cape  <iu  the  noitli  of  il.  It  presses  out  so  far  that  it  breaks  the  alnmst  slrai;;ht  line  <v|  ihc 
<'oast  from  Cape  Oiloid,  and  ]iroJecls  at  least  twii  miles  onl-ide  of  the  coastline  thence  to  ilic 
Nehalem. 

Cape  Falcon  is  the  westernmost  point  of  this  mountain  mass,  but  it  is  not  the  shore  tiiiiMii:i 
tifin  iif  either  of  its  lw«i  main  rid};es.  It  is  a  spur  between  these  lisin;;  I'rnni  almost  mtIiciI  cliil.- 
lo  tliiee  hnndicd  and  lifty  feet  in  less  than  <iiie  liiimlred  \  aids,  and  id  seven  hundred  ami  luiiii) 
li\(i  feet  in  half  a  mile.  The  ocean  face  is  less  than  half  a  mile  in  extent,  very  jafi^cd,  and  \miIi 
rocks  close  under  the  elilVs.  The  extreme  southwest  point,  with  clills  two  hundred  feet  hii:li  .ind 
nearly  vertical,  is  jtarlially  devoid  of  tifcs,  and  a  naiiow  line  of  I'ein covered  jjioniid  icaclii'- 
back  six  hnndred  and  tilly  yards  alon;,'  the  ridi,'e  to  a  lieiKhl  of  thiee  hnndictl  and  sixt.v  In  i. 
On  each  side  of  this  the  lirs  cover  the  slopes. 

'I'liiie  are  sevt  lal  rocks,  in  ^;i(inps  anil  sin};Ie,  Iv  in;;  within  two  hundred  yards  ol  ilie  clilt-  "Il 
the  ocean  laie  of  the  cape;  but  the  principal  dan^rer  is  h'lilcoii  /loc/i,  sixty  yards  .ii  i  xleiil  aii'l 
alHint  lifty  feet  hi;,'h,  lyin^j  two  thirds  of  a  mile  west  bv  south  (\V.  b>  H.)  from  llie  ,soiilliv\e.-.|i  i  ii 
nio.st  point  of  the  cape. 


The  cnlmiiiatin;:  point  of  the  ^^icat  cross  rid;;e  liaik  of  the  cape  lie  s  two 


two-tliiids  in: 


north   thirty  four  dey;rees  east  |N..U  '  F.)  from  the  extreme  point,  and   leaclMS  an  elevation 
twenty  seven  hundred  and  seveiilyfive  feel.     This  rid^e  faces  broad  to  the  mhiiIi  and  is  one  ii 

loiiK  above  the  hei;:ht  of  t  weiitythree  hundred  feet.     Its  shore  terminati s  at  Areh  Cap 

and  a  <|uarter  miles  noitli  from  Cape  Falcon. 


nil' 


ll,N     III I 


it  \Mi\  (iiiiiiil  on  iliis  |ii'iiiiiNii 


la,  we  till-  lilNliuiciil  iiiiliH  I'T  Point  Ai1:iiim,  lia(,'i-  I'' 


L'^'B 


'•liaiiiii  1  ns 

1 

•illl,  llii'lr  |> 

■^ 

I 

t<»   It'll    lllilcs. 

1  lit'llliiMii;i« 

i 

IDI'lll    n|    III,. 

J 

illlll     <lc'l|SI' 

m 

illocN-  ihuii 

1 

k  1  \\(i  mills 

1 

"•U'd   Millie 

1 

;  IVniil  (';i|)(. 
11)111  UdiiMc- 
>ii  Till:i;' I> 

intii'Mcrs  I  in 
I  ill  tlu-  Ih.M 
III  mill  Ai.!, 

I  iilir  ol'  {!„■ 
lu'lirr    t(i  !iM- 

"IT  tlTlllil!  I 
I'IIkmI  ci,;!,. 
Mill!    tWt'lll) 

'll,  illlll  \l  ,11 
'rl   lii;;li  .iik! 

Illlll     ICiH-luv 

II  .si\l\   I.  ■ 

llii'  rlilt-  ■  :! 
(  \lrlll  .1',  i 
mil  wi'.sli Hi 

IIiImIs  III  '' 
'IcNaliiiii  'I 
is  (iiif  IN  < 
I  <"ii|ii'   ;  V .. 

1,  jKiKi'  i:.:! 


i>r  •_".(». 

m 

miles  lo  llir 

mil  111"  'Illlll 

1 

mil  ^Jvcs  III! 

if 

liititiiili'  \: 

1   ■* 

<'rt'('k  nihil  1 

.. 

I'ACIKIC    COAST    riM)T.  448 

Nfahhah'  nit!  Monntniii. — Wlioii  so«'ii  lioiii  tlio  soutliwaid  tlic  hmtH'all  f(ir  Capo  Falcon  is 
Ni'iili  kali'  iiic  IMoiiiitaiii,  wliidi  lips  two  niilcs  soutii  .si-vciity  «lfjjn'«s  cast  (S.  70'^  E.)  Ironi  tlie 
IMiiiit  <>r  till' ('apt',  ll  is  a  doubh  headed  iiioiiiitaiii,  and  itw  peaks  lie,  ei^lit  Imndied  yards  west 
j.v  iioilli  and  east  liy  south  fVoni  eaeli  otlier.  Tlie  western  suniniit  is  lomidinn  and  rises  to 
siveiileeii  liiindied  and  fen  leet  aliove  tlie  sea.  The  eastern  siuiiniit  is  sli},'litly  serrated  and  rises 
III  ihite  jioaks  of  almost  eiinal  elevation  to  sixteen  hundred  and  seventy  feet  above  the  sea.  Tho 
ilepression  liel  veen  the  t  wo  ]irini'ipal  summits  is  Conrteeii  hnntlivd  feet  in  elevation.  It  is  a  notable 
liiiidrall  because  iIm'  entire  soiitliern  slope  of  the  mountain,  from  sonth-soutlieast  to  west  by  north, 
;s  bare  of  trees  and  covered  with  (;rass  and  feiii.  The  northern  slope  is  a  dense  forest,  and  th« 
lops  (ll  tli(<  trees  show  over  the  summits  of  the  jieaks.  The  firassy  south  southeast  slojie  is  ono 
mile  IK  lciij;lh  and  reaches  tothe  fiiass  <'overcd  sand  hills  iit  the  noithern  end  of  tlu^  sandy  iieninsula 
Iniin  the  Nehaleiii  Ki\cr.  The  siiinniits  of  the  nioiintain  are  less  than  half  a  mile  from  the  ocean- 
iMfc  to  the  southwest,  which  consists  of  wild  rocky  clilVs  with  rocky  s'-ore  and  a  few  rocks  lyinjr 
iitiniit  one  hundred  yards  from  the  shore.  Tlic  western  jioiiit  of  this  ocean-fae(i  is  a,  elilV  fivo 
liiiiiiiieil  and  sixty  feet  liif;h  only  seventy  yards  in  from  the  base.  A  few  lirs  stand  alon;;-  tho 
\i'i<;e  of  the  ]ireci]iice  for  two  liuiidi(d  yaids  to  the  northwest,  .lust  inside  of  this  western  clitt" 
is  a  slijiht  dejiression,  whence  the  mountain  rises  sharply  to  the  western  summit. 

I'.etwceii  this  jirecipitons  face  .iiid  the  southwest  point  of  ("ape  I''alcon  the  distance  is  ono 
lllll(^  and  the  beaiiiif;  northwest  by  west  fNW.  by  W .] ;  in  this  distance  there  is  a  cove  half  a  mile 
(ii  cp.  with  a  broad,  low-water  sand  beach  backed  by  low,  wooded  clilVs.  Into  the  southeast  part 
iif  this  cove  empties  a  small  stream  tlirou};h  a  d«'ep,  wooded  j;or{re  windiii};'  round  the  north  slope 
01  the  mountain. 

I'lom  a  M'ssel  six  or  seven  miles  broad  off  Tillamook  Hock  Lighthouse,  with  Cape  Falcon 
beariiij;  soutlieast  by  east  (SI",.  b>  V..).  distant  twelve  or  foni'teen  miles,  tlii^  ('ajte  will  api>earjiist 
inside  the  liijih,  seaward  face  of  Ncalikali'iiic  Mountain,  and  the  two  siimniits  of  the  latter  will 
show  with  a  .middle  lietwceii  them.  "The  ('ajie  itself  will  apjicar  as  a  yiadiial  slope  from  the  jireat 
(  rossi'i(l;:e,  twenty  seven  hiindieil  and  seveiitytive  feet   liinh,  to  the  extremity  of  the  jxiint. 

llyiiriKjrdiihij. — The  deptli  of  water  aioniid  the  Falcon  liock  is  nine  fathoms  on  the  oufsido 
and  eleven  fatlionis  on  the  inside  ;  and  between  the  rock  and  three-fathom  line  around  tlu>  face  of 
the  Cape  the  width  of  the  passage  is  a  little  more  than  three-eighths  of  a  mile,  with  a  de]itli  of 
eight  fathoms  of  water  close  up  to  tliv  three-fathipm  line. 

Outside  theCaiie  the  line  of  soiiiidings  is  very  regular;  at  one  mile  twenty  fathoms  over  Hno 
dark  gray  saiiil  :  at  two  miles  thirty  live  fathoms,  o\cr  similar  bottom  ;  at  three  and  a  half  miles 
lolly  fathoms  with  line  daikgray  sand  and  coarse  gravel  ;  at  seven  miles  titty  one  fathoms,  line 
liarkgray  sand ;  and  at  niin-  mill's  sixty  fathoms  o\er  similar  bottom  mixed  with  some  mud.  At 
Iwdity-onc  miles  west  by  noitli  llirce-ipiaiters  noitli  (W.  by  Is'.  •,'  N.)  from  the  ('a]ie  the  <'hart  gives 
eighty  ti\e  fathoms  (t  water  over  muddy  bottom;  and  at  twenty-seven  miles  west  half  north 
(W.  A  N.)  one  hiindicd  and  thiil,\  fathoms  of  wat.'r  over  mud. 

I'^roiii  Cape  l.ookoiil  to  this  Cape  a  dcp'Ii  ol'  twenty  lathoms  is  geneially  found  one  mile  from 
llie  shoie,  and  forty  latlmiiis  iit  tour  to  li\('  miles.  These  distances  and  depth,"  iiold  to  the. 
northward  ;is  I'i.  r  as  Tiilainonk  Head,  but  norlli  of  that  the  immediate  coast  pi  iteaii  wideiKS 
coiisideralily. 

X'essels  should  not  a])|)roaeh  this  part  of  the  coast  w  iiin  a  mile  or  mile  aiiTt  a  half,  or  within 
;i  line  joiiiiiig  l''alcon  IJock  and  Tilhimook  Itoek  Light,  as  there  are  several  dangerson  the  ten-fathom 
line.  The  chart  says  that  in  this  .section  of  the  coast  the  currents  appear  to  be  largely  a  I'-'Cted  by  tho 
I'lib  and  llow  of  the  waters  in  tiie  Coliimliia  J\iver.  Met  ween  CapeI'"alcon  and  Cape  Disappointment, 
lor  a  width  ol  four  to  six  miles  olV  shore,  the  current  is  generally  to  the  southward  in  summer, 
illlimigh  it  ma,\  la*  reveiscd  b.\  strong  .siMitheiiy  winds.  In  winter  the  cnirent  takes  the  oitiiosite 
ilireetion.  Nevertheless  it  is  a  wellknown  fact  that  the  |ircvailing  littoral  drift  close  along  the 
.sjioie  is  to  the  northward,  as  will  be  shown  in  the  (U'seri|ition  of  Columbia  Kiver,  Shoahviiter  Jtay, 
and  Cray's  Harbor. 

The  geographic;il  ])osifion  of  tin-  westernmost  jioiiit  of  Ca|ie  Falcon,  at  tlu>  three  hundred 
and  tift.V  feet  elill,  as  determined  by  the  V.  IS.  ('oa.st  and  (icodetic  Survey,  is: 

Lalilnilo •(•''     HI    I'l     iiiiith. 

Loiifiittiiii- l-':i    w.y  K,    wi'Ki. 

Or.  Ill  liiiiK ■■^''   l.'i'"  J"!!!'.:!. 

In  January,  LSM,  the  magnetic  ,  iriation  wiis  '_'l    ;i(»'  Fa.st,  with  an  annual  in<r<(a.se  of  L".L 


f) 


<<l 


m 


■m 


r  •■  ^ 


I 


I  1.  i' 


444 


I'ACIKIC   COAST    PILOT. 


From  Ciipe  Falcon  we  linvo  the  followiiif;  l>earing8  and  tliHtaiK-08  to  important  objects: 

Cii|M'  Oifiiiil  Mulit-lioiisf 8.     U~'   K.  !7ri  inili'M. 

t'apo  (iicnuij-  IJhIiI-Iiihikh S.     I,"r     K.  I  III  iiiiloH. 

YiKiiiiiiit  lli'iiils  Light-liiiimt' S.   lli>  '  K.  (Ui  iiiiloH. 

CiilM' M(■lln"s^\V(•st(■nmlllst  point) S.    yii     K.  I7J  iiiilcH. 

TilIiiiii(M)k  Uiick  l.iKl''li"<""' N.     :i(l    W.  K^  milcN. 

Vx\\w  l)isn|iiiiiiiitiiii'nl  I  jjilit-himm' N.  "JliW.  !tl  iiiiloH. 

From  tlio  oasti'in  Humniit  of  Neali-kali'-nio  Mountain  tlio  {jreat  landfall  of  Saddle  Mount  lin 
bears  noitli  sevcntiu'ii  dojjn'fs  oast  (N.  17"  K  ).  distant  seventeen  and  a  quarter  miles. 

In  1775  lleeeta  diseovered  tliis  lieadland  and  named  it  Cabo  de  I'aleon  ;  on  someeliail-;  it 
was  8ubse(|uentl.v  eailed  Santa  ("larade  M.>nte  Faloon.  Ileeela  i)lueed  it  in  latitude  45°  l.T.  Ii 
bad  a  rock.v  islet  l.ving  oflit. 

It  is  barely  indieated  on  liie  cbart  of  Van>uuver,  and  is  not  named. 

On  tlie  reconnaissance  cliart  of  1S.">(»  it  was  called  Fa)s«>  Killamook;  in  18r».'{  we  restmiil 
Ileeeta's  name  to  it,  and  more  especially  to  avoid  the  term  •*  IJilse,"  wliicli  was  apirlied  lo  c;i|ms 
atljaccnt  to  well  known  ones.     It  is  now  known  to  navigators  by  this  name  only. 

,1  fell  Cdpi'. —  I'nini  tlie  extreme  western  jioint  of  ("ape  I'aleon  tlie  liifjli  elilVs  run  sliarply  tn  tiic 
north  northeast  (N.  NK.)  f(>r  one  mile,  Ihenee  as  low  blnlls  for  one  and  tlireeeifihths  miles  iioiili 
by  west  three  <iuarters  west  (N.  by  \V.  .^  W.)  to  Arch  Cape. 

This('ai)e  hardly  projects  beyond  the  «'omparatively  low  shore  on  either  side,  and  is  important 
only  for  bcinj;  the  shore  termination  of  the  {.reat  cross  rid;;e  that  comes  two  and  a  half  miles  I'l'iui 
the  eastward  where  it  is  twenty-seven  hundred  and  seventy  live  feet  \\\ji\\.  It  is  eleven  JiiiiKlnil 
feet  hi{;h  at  half  a  mile  from  the  shore!  and  at  the  Cape  it  is  four  hundred  feet  above  the  mm. 
This  p:reat  rid{;e  is  visible  at  sixty  miles  from  shore;  it  is  the  main  spur  comin;;  from  tlio  nioiintaitis 
to  the  cast  and  northeast  where  they  are  very  much  broken.  Neah-kah'-nie  Mountain  is  the  see 
ondary  spur  to  the  southward,  anil  lies  nearly  parallel  with  this  one. 

A  small  part  of  the  southern  side  of  the  end  of  this  lidf;*'.  at  Arch  Cape,  is  covered  willi  let  i 
and  scatterin;;  tiis.  The  cape  is  locky  ami  precipitous  lor  about  one-tiuarter  of  a  mile  of  the  fiici': 
towards  Cape  Falcon  thcie  are  a  few  low,  broken  bluti's.  I'"\cept  on  the  end  t)f  the  capi',  and  thcM 
low  binds,  the  whole  country  is  densely  «'«(Vered  with  forests,  whii'h  comedown  to  the  walci'- 
ed{;e.  On  the  north  side  of  the  cape  the  shore  siidis  suddenly  to  a  short,  Ihw,  sandy  reach,  Jul 
above  hit;h  water.  The  low  watt-r  beach  under  the  cbll's  .vouth  aiitl  north  of  the  cape  is  as  niiicli 
as  two  linndred  and  sevcntylhe  yards  broad,  but  immediately  olf  the  extremity  of  the  capo  it  i- 
,)nly  ninety  yards  in  width. 

Directly  iinderthe  cape,  anil  ;iliiiost  tonchiufrit,  isa  rock  lifty  yards  in  extentainlonehundu! 
and  twenty  feet  hii;li.  It  hasa  small  aich  tlirou);hit.  ]iarallel  with  the  beach  and  not  visible  Irom 
seaward.  It  lies  iusitle  the  lowwaltr  line,  and  can  be  i>assed  through,  .lust  outside  of  this  niik. 
and  on  the  etln»' of  the  low-water  line,  is  a  small  roi'k  twenty  live  feet  hi({h.  The  eajie  lakes  it-; 
name  from  the  small  arch  above  meutioiu'd. 

OtV  the  Cape  aie  .Miiae  roiks  and  oite  hhUhn  (Idngrr.  The  outermost  visible  ro«'k  isonehun 
died  yards  in  extent  and  one  hiiinlied  ami  thirteen  leet  high.  It  lies  cifjhttenths  of  a  mile  \m  >i 
one-third  north  (^V.  J  N.)  fnun  the  hi{;;hest  jiart  of  the  cape.  It  h:is  deej)  water  all  aroumi  it,  ami 
the  three-fathom  line  lies  half  way  between  it  and  the  point  of  the  capt .  Haifa  mile  outside  of  it 
is  the  lifteen-fathom  line  jtarallel  with  the  shore  li!U>.     It  is  called  Arch  Cape  Kock. 

At  a  distance  of  seven  hundied  and  sixty  yards  southwest  by  smith  hall  south  (SW.  by  S.  A  S.i 
from  Arch  Cape  Itock  there  is  a  mil;  anonh  in  foul  urouiul,  sixty  yards  in  extent.  Tlieie  is  i 
depth  often  falhoins  all  around  it,  and  it  is  on  the  line  of  the  twelve-fathom  <'iir\<^  paralhl  wiili 
the  shore.  From  the  hij,'hest  part  of  the  cape  this  rock  bears  west  by  south  half  south  (W.  by  S. 
i  iS.),  distant  one  mile. 

A  minhn  rail;,  visibh'  at  extreme  low  water,  has  been  found  Just  insiile  of  the  line  fiotn  tin' 
outer  edp'of  Cape  Falcon  to  Arch  Cajte  Ifock.  It  lies  om-  mile  south  southwest  (S.  8N\  .]  t'lnni 
the  hiphest  jiart  of  Arch  Cape;  and  one  niih'  southeast  by  south  half  south  (HK.  by  S.  A  S.)  liuni 
Arch  Cajie  L'ock.  This  daiificr  lies  one  eij;hth  of  a  mile  outside  the  three-fathom  line,  and  liaslivi 
and  a  o,uarter  fiMhoms  inside  of  it.     It  lies  on  the  (general  six-fathom  line. 

•\  notable  rock  under  the  bluIVs  south  of  Arch  Cajie  is  just  outsiile  the  low-water  line  iind  In 
i:i8ide  the  three  liithoin  line.  It  is  one  hundred  anil  ten  yards  in  extent,  one  hundred  feet  lii;;li. 
oiul  hat),  three  small  rucku  close  under  thf;  inside  of  it.    XLu  ueureut  uuu  ia  lii'tecu  I'cet  hi^di  ami 


bji'cts : 


I'H. 

en, 

llo  Mouiii  liii 

'S. 


1  wo  rcsldrcil 
it'd   (t)  r;!]"  s 

iliarply  tntiii- 
s  miles  imrtli 

.  is  inipoiiM  ii 
lit"  mill's  (i"iu 
_'V(Mi  Iriinilit  il 

1()V«'    till"    SCI. 

I1U  moiiiitaiiis 
in  is  till'  s(  T 


'it'd  witli  tVni 
l«(  of  tilt'  rmi". 

IJK',  illul  tlll'M 
O     tilt'  \Viltt'l"> 

ily  roafti,,iii-l 
pt>  is  lis  iiiiicli 
tlio  capo  it  I- 

(loiioluiiitlrt'il 
it  visililf  Cniiii 
V  t)l'  tills  iocl%. 
uapi'  takes  in 

ck  is  tiiie  Iniii 
of  a  unit'  \vi>i 
arouiiil  it,  ami 
1«  outsitle  of  It 


Si 


111 


5W.  bvS.  A  S.i 
t.  Tlli'li-  is  ;i 
t>  i)arallfl  wiili 

OUtll  (W.  !•>   S 

line  fii'iii  tin 

(rt.  s\v.)  IV 

V  S.  A  S.)  Inini 
le,  iunl  liasliM' 

ler  line  aiitl  In 
ilretl  feel  In-''- 
u  I'cet  lii{;li  ami 


iN 


,^.-v-  -^  »^,..<-, 


Tviji^i  y 


■%.     - 


,-iaJtJ.jfev;,.^ 


'Y'^ 


Tillamook  nes«l. 


Tilliiniook  Li)»lit-hoiis<>,  NE.  by  E.  ^  E.,5iuileN. 


Toward)*  Point  Adains. 


•x^^r" 


-_— .v**.-^       >?,.■■■ 


"YV:-; 


■'^■•^'-i^. 


^  -■%>..- 


—  ^  .  -afc. 


Ne-ali'kHh-niK  Miiiiiitaiu,  l.tiiN)  l°c<>t 

l^apii  Falcon,  or  K:i1ho  Tilliiiinink 
8E.  bv  K.l'Jinil,- 


5  miles. 


Moiilli  of  KIk  C^roek. 


i 


') 

\  \ 

f\ 

•  1    ' ''"  * 

W  f 

" 

i-'   ' 

o  Tilliimiiiii 


A, 


445 


e-Mt 


Riul 

W.) 

arc 

>iiit. 


^^- 


Till 


»in»nk 
K.iamil.'- 


liny 
hail 
Hoa, 
tlior 


Bura 
ami 
-ht. 

Vltll 

S.) 

itlis 
"Itlli 


two- 
till) 

oast 


)f  it 
Uty- 
'tiiiu 
vert 
uda. 
two 


d  i8 

eaut 

tliu 

teut 

aioii 
Iretl 
tliu 
two 
?eto 


ous. 

1\V(I 

e  lir 

ss  it 

the 


and 

tills 
loon 


|i 


i 


f 


!i 


i 


/,lJ;i 


"if'. 


,,&>■■  ''^l|>.  ./•fill'l:  ■'■•'•■ 

iL'i»ay/ii"i.-     ;.r;'%vii!t.ii»iite.'Miw     « i. 


i.aso  ff.  I  iii^'ii. 


ill»ni(M>l.  ill'  kJ 


'"■Mi 


B^i^:. 


Tillamnnk  Rock. 

l.iKliI-lKiUMr,  i:.  J  N.,:i  mill's. 


M 


u 


*!,■£ 


PACIFIC    COAST    I'lLOT. 


445 


tlio  oiif  inside  Die  Idw-wator  lino  is  thirty  iiiiio  foot  high.  It  lips  half  a  niilo  south  twothinis  east 
(S.  :;  I'',.)  from  the  hij;liost  part  of  Arcii  Caiio. 

///(//  <'<tiH: — A  sniail  jutting  clitl'  i)rojoots  to  tho  oilgo  of  the  low-water  beach  liue  one  and 
three  i|iiarteis  niih-s  iiorlliwani  from  Antii  (.'ai>o,  and  four  miles  north  Ihroo-iiuarters  west  (N.  '{  \V.) 
IVdiM  Cape  Kaleon.  The  adjacent  clilVs  reacii  one  hundred  and  oi"l  'y  feet  elevation,  and  are 
f(ire<:!(M.-.fred  to  the  edge.  TJKi  three-fathom  curve  lies  tiirceeightlis  of  a  mile  from  the  point, 
'fu'i  III-  ll;ree  small  rocks  lie  Just  .south  of  it  in.side  the  low- water  lino. 

It  was  .so  named  heeause  travelers  are  compelletl  to  keep  close  to  it  in  passing  b,v. 

Mliliniji  Vliff. —  Exactly  halfway  between  Cape  Falcon  and  Tillamook  Head  a  secondary 
I  l.l^e  I  iniies  fiom  the  eastward  with  an  elevation  of  ten  hundred  and  lifty  feet  at  a  little  les.s  than 
I  wo  thirds  of  a  mile  from  the  shore.  It  is  heavily  wooded  and  pitches  .sharply  towards  the  sea, 
eiidiiii;  ill  a  broki'ii,  rocky  clitV  one  hiiiidred  feet  liigh  and  four  hundred  yards  long,  and  further 
iiiarki'd  by  I  wo  rocks  just  outside  of  the  low-water  line.  The  one  abreast  the  north  end  of  the 
(III)  is  folly  yards  in  extent  iiud  seven*y-six  feet  high;  and  the  one  abreast  the  .south  end  is  one 
Iniiiilied  and  twenty-five  yards  In  <-Aient  and  one  iiiindicd  and  seven  feet  high.  Tli  <dilF  bears 
iidilli  tlii'.teen  d'grees  west  (X.  l.T"  \\'.).  distant  five  and  one-third  miles  from  Cape  Falcon,  and 
Miinli  1(11  (y  se\ca  degrees  east  (.S.  ■\'''  Iv),  exactly  the  same  distance  from  Tillamook  Uock  Light. 

:  )|V  this  elitf  the  three  lailiom  line  lies  out  over  throi'  eighths  of  a  mile.  A  sunkin  reef,  with 
t\v(i  points  bare  at  low  water,  lies  on  the  ten  fathom  line  almost  oni^  mile  west  by  .south  three- 
(|ii:ulcis  soiilh  {\\.  by  S.  ■/  8.)  from  llie  higiicst  part  of  the  elitl',  and  west  by  .south  (NV.  by  S.) 
Ii.'in  the  higiierof  the  two  oeks. 

,lnsl  outside  of  this  leoge  the  depth  of  water  is  tifteen  fathoms.  At  one  and  fivi'-eighths 
iinlis  iKiiii  till'  ditV  the  deptli  of  water  is  twenty  fathoms  over  line  dark  gray  s.ind,  and  a  depth 
111  ,-i\i,\   ratiionis  is  finhid  ten  miles  from  shore,  oxer  a  boltom  ui'  line  gray  sand  and  mud. 

I'iDiii  Midway  Clid'  the  shore  continues  in  a  straight  line  norlli  northwest  for  two  and  two- 
IliiiiU  miles  III  ilie  iiioiiih  of  Kcola  Creek;  thence  it  turns  shiirjily  lo  northwest  half  west  for  tlii^ 
.■■;i:i:c  (llslaiu  !•  1(1  the  xM'stenimosi  imint  of  Tillamook  Head.  The  details  of  this  part  of  the  coast 
arc  ^;iveii  under 'i'illamooiv  Head. 

TILLAMOOK   HEAD. 

'I'liis  is  one  of  the  mo- f  noialilciind  prominent  iieadlands  upon  the  coast.  Northward  of  it 
llicre  is  no  lieaiilaiiil  III' .|iial  lieij;lil  until  we  leacli  the.^tiait  of  I'lica.  To  Cape  (ireliville,  eighty- 
tun  iiiiies  ilislaiit.  Ilie  shore  line  i.^  i(  w  and  sand.N,  except  the  com[iaralively  low  he;iils  of  Cape 
Di.vappoiniiiieiil.  'I'liis  head  is  a  good  liiiiilmaikfoi  makinj;  the  mouth  of  the  (Columbia  Hivert 
A  Inn  t  lie  great  lanilf.ills  of  Saddle  .Moiint;iiii  and  the  iiinnntains  behind  Cape  l''aicoii  are  in  clouds. 
nde  (■  being  up  with  the  Head  tlie  iiiuderately  high  land  of  Cape  Di.sappointment  is  madi;  as  two 
Miw,  rounding  islands,  in  clear  v\e,»ilur. 

\Vlicii  the  Head  bears  about  iKulh  by  west  the  summit  shows  veiv  ne.irly  hori/.onlal  and  is 
(•(neicd  uith  li<M\,\  iir  Ibrests,  There  is  ii  slight  decrease  of  height  behind  it,  while  farther  east 
:i:iil  s.uvlieasi  the  mountains  arc  very  lii;:li  and  broken.  At  four  miles  e;.stnortheast  from  the 
ll(  ad  theie  is  a  monntaln  sevenleeii  hmnlicd  feet  in  elevation,  with  a  ridge  half  ;i  mile  in  extent 
^Ireiching  Id  the  north  iioilliwcsi  from  it. 

.\s  seen  from  Ine  westwaid  the  summit  iippears  very  nearly  level,  with  a  marked  dopre.ssiuii 
near  the  .southern  jiart,  and  a  tern  covered  slioiilder  rising  fnaii  live  hniidred  to  eight  hundred 
leet;  towards  the  north  end,  which  breaks  ihiwn  more  abruptly,  there  is  a  little  irregularity  in  the 
I  rest-line.  When  the  lli;idis  passed  the  country  beliind  it  is  seen  to  be  broken  down,  and  two 
uell  Mparated  and  wooded  peaksare  noted  ;  they  ai.-  [uobably  ten  miles  ilisliiiit  Iriun  the  .shore  to 
ihe  iKutlieastward  of  tht'  Head. 

From  any  direct io, I  the  face  of  the  Head  is  remarkably  forbidding,  rocky,  high,  and  precipitous. 
One  mile  to  the  norlhwaid  i.f  the  v  esieiniiiosi  point  the  height  is  twelve  hundred  feel  at  two 
I  iindred  ;ui<l  sixl.v  \aids  inside  of  the  tool  of  the  clili.  .Moiig  the  edge  of  the  precipices  the  fir 
trees  and  the  dense  undergrowth  lender  iravel  alinosi  impraclicable,  but  there  is  a  trail  acro.ss  it 
one  mile  Inland.  Only  one  open  fcrncoveied  .sfnu'c  exists  and  that  is  a  small  one  oil  the 
Miiitliein  face. 

When  the  weather  rs  dark  and  stiuiiiy  the  whole  face  of  this  headland  appears  black  and 
\vitliiiiil  any  rebel.  When  the  son  is  shining  upon  il  it  is  moderately  lii;lit.  When  olVlhis 
vicinity  in  thick  lia/,\   weaiher.  witli  bi-   l\ing  close  along  the  shore  and  rendering  Cape  Falcon 


u. 


^if; 


,fi 


y 


if 


4 


■    I 


I  ) 


$(i 


I  i :     a 


I  ;(■■ 


■  ■•■ ) 


I 
1 

li 

SI 

ii 

(1> 


4  l(i  I'ACIFK"    CCIAST    IMI.OT. 

ami  Tillaiiiimk   ih.iii  invisible.  Saddle  Momitaiii  may  rnMinontl.v  hv  seen  above  the  I'o;,'  ;iu,|  !-  ,  ,. 
and  tlieicl'iire  used  as  a  landfall.      It  is  descrili'd  on  pa^e  4I!». 

The  shore  approaehes  to  Tillamook    Head   t'nim   .Miihvaj    Clitl    (live  and  a  tliiid  miles  in  il,,' 

southward),  arc  moderately  liifili  and  wooded,  ami  run  tttraiplif  muth northwest  to  the  i nli  ni 

Klh- ov  Kcoht  Cn<h,*  with  a  Inoad  low  walei'  I'each.  At  one  and  a  hail  miles  (Voni  Midwiu  *  iiil 
till  ic  is  a  clustei' III'  nieUs  em  erinji  an  area  <>!'  I'oui  hundred  yirds.  and  stieleliinj;  out  tVuii!  tin' 
low  water  line  to  ten  lallinnis.  The  larj:es|  is  two  hundred  and  liliy  \  arils  in  extent  aini  i".., 
handled  and  thirty  live  feet  lii^'li,  wliieh  is  liinherlhan  the  ailjaeeni,  sii^ihtly  liioUeii  shore,  i  >,, 
smaller  roiks  on  the  south  side  of  the  lar;;e  one  are  ninety  three  ii  nil  sexenly  eij;lit  teel  lii;;li.  \' 
two  and  a  half  miles  Imin  MiiKvay  Clill'  the  I'.eipl.i  t'reeU  <'nters,  with  a  inoail,  relreatiiiu;  im  •!;, 
low  eliUs  ;ind  land  lU  the  south  shore,  and  hij^her  iiiokeu  i  lili's  on  the  norlli  sliore.  'I'liin  ,,,! 
line  of  sand  dunes  en  eaeh  side  of  the  stream  wliieh  are  almiit  half  a  mile  in  length,  iiorih  ii'i 
sontli.  and  I'orin  a  fe.itiiieiii  the  \  lews  of  the  Head  as  seen  from  the  southwaid.  A  shorl  ili^i.  i.. 
iside  the  shore  line  this  stream  is  only  twenty  yards  wide,  it  eoiiies  llMdu;;h  a  sliarj>,  deeji  vilii  v. 
I'Usely  wooded,  ani.  the  break  tliroU}.'li  the  immediate  eoasl  hills  is  ipiite  marked. 

Half  a  mile  to  the  imrihwiird  is  l-'mir  roil,  CUf,  wliieh  is  a  small,  I'erncovered  projeeliuii.  ■  n. 
hundred  I'eit  lii;ih  and  risiii;,'  tonne  hnmlred  and  elj;lity  teel  In-fore  the  lirs  are  reaelied.  Slreiijin;' 
out  tliiee  hiindiid  aiid  lilt>  yards  from  this  elilVaie  lour  Ihnk  links,  sixty  li\e,  seventy  i;::ii . 
lit'ty  .--ix,  and  ninety  liel  liij;h.  eliisteied  close  touether.  These  mark  the  northeiii  exlreiMU  ni 
the  broad  low  w  atir  sand  beaeh  from  Cape  I'aleoii  ;  but  on  the  iioilh  siili  of  I'oiir-roek  CI  ill  ilnu 
is  a  siretih  ol'  live  hiniilred  \arils  with  a  narrow,  low  w.itei'  s^ind  beaili  under  the  elill's.  I"  ■!  i 
roek  ClitV  is  ei;;lit    ami   three  iinarters   miles  north  ei;,'hteeii  def^rees  west  (N.  Is     \V.)  from  (',|.i 

l-'aleon.  and  two  and   four  tilths  miles  south  sexeuty  one  decrees  east  (S.  71     I'..)  from  Tillai I> 

IJoek  la-ht, 

'I'heliee  to  the  Head  the  irre;;ular  shore  line  is  eoiii]»osed  of  w  ild,  ja;Jiied  jireeipiees,  ;;iiarileil  \"\ 
a  mile  beyond  I'our  rmk  i'litV  by  many  small  ami  some  lar;;e  roeks,  wliieh  streteh  over  half  a  i 'lir 

from  shore.     Tl uti  iinost  roek  ot'  this  ilanj;eious  locality  is  an  Anli  /.'m/, ,  one  hiinilieil  and  Ici ; 

live  yaids  in  extent  and  one  hiimlted  and  forty  feet  hi;:li.  w  itli  smaller  ones  near  il,  and  a  liiit\  I, ,  • 
rock  two  haiiilied  and  sixt.\    vards  inside.     'I'his   Aich    Km  k   lies  one  and  l:\esixllis  miles  mmt  ii 
seventy  one  decrees  east  (S,  71     I"..  ■  from  Tillamook  Kink  lajrlit.      It  lies  jast  outside  of  thetlu'i 
atliom  line,  and  has  four  fathoms  ot   water  a  siiort  distance  north  of  it,  and  ten  fathoms  a  oiiai  ii  i 
of  a  mile  (;'.itside  of  it. 

'i'his  rock  lies  oil  a  small,  rocky  point  without  dill's  on  the  south  slope,  wiiicli  is  jiaitly  Imti  n 
and  jiaiilN  tein  coveted  with  str.i.^;;linir  liis.  Hack  ol'  this,  two  hundred  a.al  forty  feet  above  Pi. 
sea,  is  a  small  elearin;;  and  farm  liou--e  (not  visible  from  seaward),  which  was  the  only  hum, iim- 
habitation  met  with  after  bavin;;  the  south  slope  of  Neah  kali' nie  Mountain  dnrin;;  the  timid' 
the  topoirraplncal    survey    in    1S7."».     The   coast    trail   from  Tillamook  liay  to  the  Columbia  b'     > 

On   a  veiy  short   streteh  of  beach  .just  under  this  point  a  boat  miii 


SI'S  elosi 


bv    tins   house 


pas 

landed  from  a  disabled  ste.imir  oH  the  coast,   iiid  the  ciew  made  their  way  to  .\storia  for  assist, itnc 

The  boat  still  remained   there. 

Thence  to  the  southern. sli;,'htlv  jutting'  |ioint  of  this  Head  the  distance  is  one  and  one  ipiarlii 
miles  northwest  by  north.     The  top  of  the  bare  clilVs  at  the  south  point  is  live  hiindied  ami  six'v 


feet  abov  e  llie  sea. 


Tl 


north  |ii>int  is  hall  a  mile  north  bv  wi 


~l  two  thirds  west  from  tli"  >imiiIi 


point,  and  there  the  bioken  clitls  oil  the  north  side  reach  almost  one  thousand  bet  at  the  l.'ioi 
line.  Tl.i'ie  aie  some  small  rocks,  and  one  m  two  sunken  rocks  close  iiiider  the  south  point,  bir 
the  three  f.ithom  curve,  which  embraces  t  hem.  is  not  more  than  two  hundred  and  fil't.v  yards  Ihm'. 


Il 


If  li.ise  o 

and  iii-~l  iiM 


f  till 


'lilb> 


At   the  north   point   theie  is  a   pinnacle  roek  at  the  very  fool  of  th 


tside  this  is  a  close  cluster  of  three  lii^li  rocks,  without  any  (lassajre  between  them 


111  I  w  II  II  theiii  and  the  elill's.     The  oiili  rmost  roek  is  the  smallest  and  lowest,  and  is  three  hiindriil 
vanls  (roiii    the   point;   il    is    forty  live   feet    IukIi.     The  .second   is  hn  jrer  and  is  one  hiiiidr 
t  wen 


fv  teel  liiKh.     'I'lie  third   and  innermost  one   is  one  hundred  yards  in  extent  and  one  liiiiuln 


and  tifty  feet  hi^h 


T 


le  ellis 


ler  lies  outside  the   I  In  eet.ii  lioiii    curve,   and    a   ileiith    of  four  and  a  half  fall s'l 

tei  within  three  hundred  ami 


Mill'  is   foiiiiil   close  under   the  outei    lock,  and   ten   fathoms  of  wa 


tiliv    vaid> 


'I'o    the    11 


iltliwaiil    iifllie     ixtleliie  weslein    point  nf  Tillaiiiiiol, 


Head    the    line    of  tin 


recedes  to  the    liol 


•il  K.  ..I;i 


ilie.isi  bv     north    fur  one  mile,  iheti  w  ith  .i  j:eiieral  rounding  curve  to  Ihe  noHli 


V.li; 


l.v    I.. 


out  ciiiil.i-  III  i-ii: 


'i« 


'<>;;  iiiiil  r  1  ,• 


mill's  iu  )!,,. 
lie  iiiiiin!!  ni' 
Miil«ii\,  *  mi 

out    tVcU!:   Ill,- 

lent  ainl  i"..i 
slidic.  ','■■•, I 
ft   lii;;li.       \! 

lltill!;'   Illnlllli, 

.   'riuir,,,. 

Il,  linl  ill  ,1  I'i 

lllll'l    lljsl.lllri' 

tl('('|l  \;l!lcy. 

•ojfi'liui;.  ■Hi- 
S(n'ti-li:iiu' 

■ICXCIltV   Iliill  , 

t'Xll'I'lhll  \    ol 

I'k  ('lllVil:.|r 

dills.     V.-.-i 

'.)   I'nilll  Cijir 

>iii  Tiil;iiii(H.|v 

1.  JilMllllil   I    1 

T  iiair  -A  1  :  , 
<'<1  aiiil  Ini ; 

ll   M    tllltX    It  '  I 

S    MIlll'S    MMlll 

(if  the  lliiii 
HIS  a  iiiiaiiri 

lailly  lii"l,i  II 
I'ct  aliov  !■  I  Ih 
(inly  liiiiiiaiM 
i;;  llic  tiiiM  h' 
iliiiiiliia  1; 
it  a  Imal  <•■  •  ■ 
or  iis.sislai:'  > 

ll  on('<|ii.ii ll ! 
I  I'll  and  M\  - 
(iiii  til"  .>iiiiili 
I  at  the  t.Mrsi 

itli  iioilil.  I'll' 

ty  yaids  Ih'ii' 
t  (It'  tlic  flill-. 

.\  1  Til    lIlClll,   111 

luce  lillliilliil 
'  liilliill'i'il  aiiil 
I  one  liilMilh  ll 


ll 


i» 


S;  ;  (I 


n. 


h 


';  l'» 


,lir  lallioiiis  "I 
'  llllllillril  alHl 

■    ..f  the   flill> 
«'  to  the  iioiili 


tail 


^.^.:^ 


TillamcMjk  Kwk  ^i::bl-liiinse  i  as  ^*.>rJ  in-i  ;hp  iiortliwestward).    Kc-siri'ii. 


.am^ 


^1  ■■■.'■^•■. 


'':^M- 


Tillamook  }Wad. 


.  ^^«t»rt^Cv: 


TillMriiiKitv   llfud 


h    li    "^'^       L  ■  "      ' '  ' 


TiUiiiiKMik  Roi'k  l.ij^lil-liiiii.sc  (iisHOt'ii  fiDMi  I  lie  wcHl  wanl). 


Slv^lSKsS^'mM^  ■^^^^^^i!SS-»tf<i»^»*-^..  »ftii,,4.^ 


,jj.gAW-aJife-if,---XiA^iujJjJji.jJiBWB^eaigg!Bg 


tSkm 


V'AVWwV  \:\w\  Ml  rloilcls. 


■riUaiiiiMiU  Kiirk  I,i(,'li'  h<MiR«.  SF.  fi  iiiilfs. 


.,-.>3H'-  ;•  .  --in, 


Ni'-ali  k:'.li nil-  Moiiriliiiii,  l.iioil  fiTi.  I  .iiu'  halcnii. 

'rilhlMKiiih  IJiM'k  I.ii;lil   liiiiiMc.  SK.  Ii\  S  ,  7  iiiilii.i. 


Sl^ 


p^ 


i 


t 


■nilaiiKMik  IvmK  l-i:;li'  liiiilMMiis""'"'"  ""111 


m  I  111'  wi'Hi  ward) 


V'  '        s       el''        ''  ■'  .^'/    1'      ok.  ■ 


TiU;iiii(>ok  Ml 


jinti'  himwi.  SK.fi  milfs 


t' 


^m 


ritt 


.'%, 


"* '  *.. 


;a:s*^^' 


■S.  7  iiiiltis. 


I'ACII'IC   COAST   I'lLOT.  447 

ti,r;ilioiit  llin'i(|iiurtt'rs()r  ;i  iiiilt"  itcliiuifri's  its  wild,  precipitouH  front,  sinks  in  height,  and  tri'iids 
1,1  till'  cast  iKirtlit'iist  I'oi  a  inilc  and  a  halt'  to  low  hind  covt-ri-d  with  loii'.st  and  hordcrod  by  sand 
[.•acii.  Thii  iii;,'iicst  part  of  tiic'  llt-ad  is  at  thti  laif,'t',  turn,  ono  and  twotiiirds  mill's  noitiiwaid 
riiiiii  tlu'  cxliciiu'  wt'sti'iii  |)oint,  wh(Mo  it  icaclies  twelve  hnndred  and  ei{,'ht.y  feet  elevation, 
iiilliii;,'  down  soiiicwliat  iK'iiind  it.  There  are  no  ontlyinj;  roeks  or  danj^ers  farther  than  two 
iniiiiircd  and  lw(iil,v  .yards  fntni  the  elill's,  where  two  sunken  roeks  are  found  under  the  hi;;hest 
part  of  the.  Mead.  The  tiiree-fathoni  line  is  elose  under  the  rocky  foot  of  the  elitfs,  and  at  one- 
.|iiailer  of  a  'i:ile(lie  p'ni'ial  dcplli  is  six  to  seven  fatlioins. 

Till'  iKiitliciii  llniil  of  llic  hi;,'li  ridp'.  of  Tillamook  Mead  lies  a  triQe  over  one  and  a  half  miles 
iidiili  twenty  liini  dejiices  cust  (N.  2F  K.)  from  the  I'innaele  Itock  at  the  extreme  western  jioint, 
.mil  two  anil  four  liftlis  miles  north  thirty  (ine  and  a  half  decrees  east  (N.  .'51.1'  E.)  from  Tillamook 
Itiirk  l,i;.;litlu)i:se.      Its  ;;e(>;,'rai)hieal  position  is: 

l.aliliMlr .|.".       r.7'      I'.l'.l  iidilli. 

I.<iii,,'iiii(ln 1-j:!     r.rt'   ti:i  '.a  \vr»t. 

Or.  ill  time tS''     l.'i'i'    W.'i 

In  .lainiary,  ISSri,  the  ma;;netie  variation  was  liP  ;{.V  east,  with  a  yearly  increase  of  J'.2. 

I'rom  theextrenn- western  luiint  of  the  <'ap<',  in  latitinle  15^  oli'  l.".".!,  longitude  lli^"' 5!t' 3!>".4, 
ihe  western  iioint  of  Cape  I'"aleon  hears  south  twenty  live  decrees  east  (S.2.-|  '  I'..),  distant  ten  and 
li\e  sixths  miles;  and  the  Li^'hthouse  on  Cape  Disappointment  north  twent,y-n  ine  degrees  west 
(N.  L'll  '  W.),  distant  nineteen  and  one-seventh  miles. 

I'lie  liijihest  point  (if  the  trees  of  Tillamook  Head  shonhl  lie  visible  from  si'award  at  a  distance 
111  lolly  miles;  tliey  are  taiij^enl  to  the  hoii/on  at  forty-four  miles. 

THK   TILLAMOOK    KOCK   LKMITIlOUSK. 

This  seaeoast  lij;ht  is  one  of  the  most  imiiortant  njion  the  northern  coast  because  it  marks 
till'  approaili  to  the  Coliiiiiliia  li'lvci.  The  Ia<;lit-hon.se  is  liiiill  uiion  the  Tillamook  Itoek.  one 
liiinilicd  and  ,M'\eiiiy  li\e  janls  in  extent  and  (formerly)  one  hundred  and  (ifteeii  feet  high,  with 
a  siilionlinate  summit  to  the  soiilh-soulheast.  It  is  a  bold,  basaltit;  mass  lyirii;' one  and  one-tifth 
iiiilcs  south  Idilyone  degrees  west   (S.  11'  \V.)  liom  the  I'innaele  Koek  at  the  western  extremity 


il  'I'liiamook  Ileal 


As  it  risi'S  from  the  ocean  the  face  of  the  roi 


n  the  west  side  is  preciiiitoiis 
liir  lilti'cM  I'eet,  ilicn  lireaks  liMck  with  an  irregular  slope  for  a  short  distaiuH',  and  then  rising  to 
civilly  icet  it  leans  over  In  seaward.  Tile  large  rou:  ded  knob  above  this  has  been  blasted  away 
lo  make  a  liat  suitiice  lor  liie  hiiildings  about  ninety  feet  above  the  sea.  The  north  side  is  nearly 
veiiical.  'flic  ca^t  siile  slopi's  giadmilly  to  the  sea  under  an  angle  of  one  lifth.  There  is  a  dee[» 
lissine  on  the  soiitii  side  separating  the  sec(Uidary  summit. 

le  water  on  the  west,  !iorlli,  and  cast  sides  of  the  rock  is  from  twentytive  to  fortv  fathoms 


'il 

ihrp,  liiit  shoals  to  sixteen  ami  eighteen  fathoms  ar(M)n  the  south  side  over  a  limited  area.  The 
■»iiles  of  the  rock  ate  so  Steep  that  it  is  rcportetl  by  Ihe  Lighthouse  kee|iers  that  whales  are  fre- 
t|iieiitly  seen  rubbing  their  baiiiacles  oil'  against  the  ro«;k.  liefore  bperations  were  commenced  here 
I  ill'  lock  was  the  resort  oi  thousands  of  sea  lions. 

A  very  interesting  account  of  I  lie  buihlingof  the  Light  house  has  been  published  by  the  (iov- 
I'l  iinii'iit.     The  work  oecujiicd  nearh  two  \cars. 


The  liizht 


IS  a  priiiiaiy 


coast  li.ulit  of  the  tii'st  older  of  the  system  of  I'rcsnel. 


The  si  I  ltd  lire  consisls  ut'  a  .--tone  building  atiout  forty-six  feet  sipiaii',  and  eighteen  feet  high 
111  llie  lop  of  the  slightly  sloping  roof.  This  building  faces  east  with  a  large  door  and  two  win- 
liows  ;  tlienoilli  and  soiilh  sides  have  two  windows  each.  A  stone  tower  sixteen  feet  scpiare 
uses  SIX  feet  abo\c  the  roof  of  this  linildiiig  to  the  iron  balustrade,  above  which  brick  walls  are 
cirried  eight  Icet  tailhcr  to  the  base  of  the  lanlern.  I'aich  side  of  the  tower  has  one  window. 
.\lii>\e  the  tower  is  the  lantern  with  a  round  tloiiie.  'fhere  isa  one-story  stoiU'  fog  signal  building 
.iliKiH  thirty  feet  sipiaie  uf  the  same  heiulit  as  the  main  building  attached  lo  the  west  side  thereof. 
All  these  si riietnres  arc  painted  while,  cxceiit  the  lanlern  and  dome  which  are  iiainted  black.  On 
the  east  side,  on  a  Inwir  Icvd,  is  a  small  brick  building  containing  the  hoisting  engine,  and  a 
derrick  Ibr  laiidiny;  supplies. 

The  light  was  liist  exiiibilcd  January  l-'l,  ISSl.  It  shows  fnun  sun.set  to  sunri.se  a /(r.vAni;/ 
irliilf  lii/lit  rnrji  jirr  siciiiiils.     The  length  of  the  tiash  is  about  two  and  a  half  second.s,  and  of  the 


ilaik  inlerval  t 


wo  and  a  lia 


W 


leil    passing   cjiise   to   the    l>i 


October.  1SS,">    we  timed  Ihe  light  as  follows:  'flie  \  eiv 


I 


V 


'il 


% 

II 

I 


■il 


iHi^ht  Hash  one  and  a   hail  seconds:  the  total  ellipse  Ihree  seconds;  but  there  was  a  .secondary 


i[U. 


448 


rACII'IC    COAST    ril,OT. 


ff 


J.,    y 


m 


l)ri;;li(inss  of  li.ilf  a  socomrs  »liiiiitiiiii  iin'ccdini;  Hit'  hiilliant  llasli.  'I'liis  scnunliiis  hii.l  iihss 
cmild  not  lie  Nfcii  wlu'ii  st'M'ial  miles  (li.siMiit.  'I'lic  li^'lit  is  sfi'ii  aniiiiiil  liic  fiiliii' lioij/nn  ;  i.n;  lu 
raii,u('  (if  visihiiitN  ii|>i>ii  sal'i'  wain'  is  iictwccii  ilic  ln'aim;;s  soiiiiu-asi  liv  suiilli  li!ill's(ui:  .  s|„ 
liy  S.  .\  S.)  umiid  l>v  I  lie  siiiitli  anil  west  In  iiciriii  liy  west  (iin'«|iiartfr  west  (N.  liv  W.  |  \\ 


Tlic  liasc  ol' tlir  liiiilililii;  is  (•ij:lil\  ci^lil  I'lcl  ;ilio\c  Ijif  inrari   level  of  llio  scii,  iili 


ottlie  local  jilaiie  is  one  liiiiidieil  ami  tliirl.\  six   feel   aho\c  the  sea.      I'lider  lavoiMliie  c 
of  the  atiU(is|i|iei'('  the  liyllt  sliouUl  lie  seen  IVoni  a  liei;;lil  of — 

III  li'ct  111  a  clisl;llur  111  ll'i.'.l  M1ill'^«. 

•JU  iVi  t  at  a  lli^lall.l•  ul'  l-.l  iiiilin. 

:!(!  I'l'i't  at  a  ili'<lai>c  I'  ul'  I'.l.il  iiiilrN. 

t'.ll  IV, ■!  at  a  clislinii c  «(  •,'•,'.•.'  inilrs. 


d   lili    '  I  li;|,I 


I'M'. ,;  !iiii 


A  sliip  passiiii,''  <in  the  diu'et  collide  lioin  i',\\tr  I'latlcr.v   to  Cape  Oilotd,  laid  lo  i 


lass  c  ,1  ii  ,,i 


tlie  iiail|i;eis  of  I'lallei  \    ji'oelvs  and  tiieOiloid  Heel',  will  pass  alioiit   ei;;hl   of  let!    iinles  oiil- < 


the  visiltililv  of  tin 


it  at  a  liei;;lit  of  si\t  v  leel. 


When    this  li;:hl    was  I'stahlished  the  llashiti};  red   lif;lil   al    roiiil    Adams  was  elian-i  i; 
tixeil  red  li-lit. 

'I'lie  <:eoj;rapliieal  position  of  ■|'illaiiiook    lloek    laulil  house,  as  determined  liv  llie  C  S.  i 


ami  (u'tidetie  yiirve\,  is 


l.allliiilr 


I. 


Itlllll' 


l.'i    .'.r.     1 1  .niHiiili, 
IJl    ill     II    I 


\M  St. 


(If.   ill  tiiiii' 


lii-    HI-.-. 


Tlie  ma^'iietie  vaiiation  in  .lannai\,  IS.s,").  was  L'l     .'l.'i'  east,  with  a  yearly  increase  ofj  ..'. 
l)|il  liiu  soiilheast  slot  ins  the  j^rcat  sv\ell(iflhe  I'acilicflom  the  soiilhuest    tolls   willi   iniiiin. 

ide  1  he  w  alei  >  air  'iini'ii 


dons  force  upon  ihis  incUx  i>lcl.  atni  owiiii;  to  the  tipeii  l;oi  L;e  on  thai 
o\  I'r  w  ith  ;:rcal  fiiix  ;  lai;:c  pieces  of  rock  have  heeii  cast  upon  the  roof  of  IIm' duelling. 
dred  and  lillccn  led  aliovc  the  sea.  It  is  repotted  that  in  the  aivM  .storm  of  l.s.^-  the  wa 
swept  o\er  the  top  of  the  Liuhtdmllse. 


\  i>    ■  rir 


I  iKi  SKiNAI,    AT    Tll.l.AMiKiK    lldCK    I.tClIT. 

This  is  a   ?/c.v/ c/dw  stnnu  sIk  n  which   uixcs  hlasts  ol   lire  siciniiln  (lurallnii  at  iitli  rrnl^  'ii 


nnil  II  hull' 


(lis,  ill  lliick  and  fo^L;\    we.llhel. 


The  iiiiiiilier  of  lioiiis  (liirinu  w  lilch  the  I'o;,'  sij^nal  is  sounded  per  month  e\  hi  hi  is  ihe  i.  ;,,iu 
aiiionnt  of  fiit:uy  wcatlni.  In  ;:eneial  the  monlhs  of  Aiiffiist  and  Sepleiiilier  have  the  l.'n^,.. 
jieriods  of  fo;r.  The  following  are  the  mimlicr  of  hours  for  each  month  diirin;^  ISsii;  .fiMuii 
twenty  four  hours;  I'elirnaiy,  twenty  six  honi>;  .'March.  Ihirty-nine  and  :•  half  hours;  Api; 
tlirci'  and  twothiids  hours;  May.  nine  and  three  (piaiters  hours;  .liine,  iiteeii  lioii'-;  I:i'> 
fonrlccti   and   a    half  Imuis;   An;;iisl,   one   hundred   and    lliirlylhree   and       iree  ipi;irlcr>   lirii^ 


Septeinlier.  ninety  four 


lours;   Oclulici,   lort\    and  :i  iiuaitei  hours ;   Noveiiilier,  I  went  v  mn'  .lUi 


tlirec-i|narlels   hours;   and  Heinnliel.  foi  t,\  llilce  lioiii 


It   is  to  lie  noted,  hiiucMr,  llial    llicie   i.>  piolialily   less  lo;;  at  Tillamook    Jtock   lli.iii 


elllralice  lo  the    (   olillli'l.l   KiVi 


1.  as  the  follou  i 


iil:   eMr.ict  from  the   imiinal  of  the  .Siiperi 


nil 


of  coiistrnclioii  <d'  the  Ia;;iit  house,  under  dale  of  Maich  L'L',  ISSII.  will  sho 


II    il.ls  ImtII  I'll-iTM'll    .■■illl'r    (lllllill 


-  Il.l. 


Lit  |i-:;ii 


\-::i\  lliai  llinr  I 


l.l^  iinl    IM  rii  a 


llillM'   In;;  .III    I  111 


llial    11  is  );riiiM!ly  rliarln   VM>Iuaiil    u  li.  ii   I  li.  n-  is  a  iliii.ii'  In;;  liaii;;in;; 


'i  illaiiiiiiiU    lliMil  anil  Cnliiiiil':  .  1^ 


>i  llial   v\  Inn  I  111'  ina  I II -I.I  Mil  i  an  iml  In'  il<  -i  i  :•  il  al  all,   il 


1  lallv  I  II  ai  fill'  MM'ial  iiiilrs  tn  tin'  wcstwanl. 


I'lidci  date  of  .\piil  L's,  s.iiiie  \e;ir.  this  experience  is  conruiiied. 

Ihiiiijii. — Tlieic  is  a  /"(/,  airdsli  inside  of  Tillamook  Itock  and  onethird  the  distaiiec  fn 
l,i;;lil  to  the  nearest  pail  ol   'lillatnook    Head.      It  is  alioiil  thirty  y  ards  in  extent  and  lieais 


n   de;;l 


asl    (N.  (iT      I"..),  distani   se\en   hundred  and   forlv  >aiils  from   Ihe   I.i-lit. 


sixl.\  se\t 

Alllioii;;li  llicie  is  a  depth  of  lilteeti  falhotiis  of  water  near  each  rock  and  lie!  ween  them,  and 
lielweeii  the  daii;:er  and  the  Head,  yet  no  .stran;;ers  should  attemiil  tin'  iiassa};e  except  in  ;i  ■ 
emei;;eiic>.  liec:iiise  the  enrieiiis  ale  slroiin  and  variable.  Ves.sels  bound  I'or  tim  Coliimflia  I.' 
from  the  .southward  can  safel\  pass  within  hss  than  a  mile  outside  of  the  I,i;;hl-hoiise  in  1 1 
fathoms  ol  water.  The  coast  should  not  lie  approached  iiiMier  than  on  a  course  lo  Ihe  Km 
north   liy    west   one  (|iiailer  west  (N.li\   \N'.  ',  W.'.     Afli'r  passing;   the   I! 


I   vessel  slioiilil   iii'l 


]iass  to  the  eastwaid  of  the  line  loiiiin;;  il  with  Cape  I)isappoiiil  iiiciil  l,ii:hl  Inaise.  A  er  i  e 
iioilliwe-l  li,\  iioiih  (NN\.  Ii>  N.I  Itoiii  the  l.'ock  will  lead  to  the  Whistliii;,'  liiioy  oil  the  Ciilmi  i  ui 
liiver  bar  (1S<S7},  di.slant  thirteen  and  a  iialf  miles. 


ih    t 


nit  rrnls  •■('  um 


hiiuis;   A 

,,r,l,           I 

llnlivs;    , 

liih. 

Mllcr.s  Im 

:il^; 

t'lity 

.iliil 

I<   than    > 

tllr 

i|ifriiiici 

■ii'lll 

II  111.'  In,  :, 

,    , 

1    (   nilllnl'l. 

l:,: 

'.■■Iw  :iril. 

iincc  I'l.'i 

(1  htMls  : 

III    llic    I. 

'■■\,\. 

llCIII,   illlll 

iiKn 

I'pt  ill  a  . 

'IVIll 

iliinihia  1 

;nir 

(iii.se  in  i 

!1IV 

(>   till'     I.'h 

k  el 

<('l  slidiiN 

llMl 

sc.     A  i> 

nri' 

Uio  Colli 

iiliM 

I'AtMKU;    CUAST    IMLOT.  44'J 

Tillinmrnl:  liitil;  Ihioy. — Tliis  is  a  si.vlijjirt  sixtr  hiioi/,  fmintril  irliili;  l.viii;;  in  Iwoiity-tlirco 
iiiJKinis  of  Will  t-r  two  liiiiHlicd  tiixl  tilly  yanl.s  iiortliwust  l)y  iiortii  (NW.  liy  N.)  Iroui  tlie  Liglit- 

I sc  on  Tillaiiiook  Kock.     It  is  nsed  as  a  iiiooriii;,'buoy  tor  tlut  IJglitiioiisc  tt'iulcr  wlit'U  supjily- 

,iij;  llii'  station. 

I'roiii  'rillaniook  Itock  I<i>,'lit  lioiise  we  Inivctin-  Ibllowiiif;  ItciiiiiiHs  iiinl  tlistances  to  iironiiiu'iit 

nl.j.Tls; 

I'ips  IJiirk,  111' llic  (lilMnl  lici'f S.   Ill}  i;.  r.ll     iiilli'H. 

^',■ll)^^  Oiliinl    l,i;;lil  liiiiiw S.   II  i).  l-iT     iiiili'H. 

t"il|ir  (il-i'Kiir.v    l-i(;lil-li(iii>i' ,S.    H'.  Iv  IMIJ  iiiilrs. 

\':ii|iiiiiii  lli'.iiU  t.i^lil-lKiiiHC S.    I'.t  !■;.  T.'i    iiiili'H. 

('ape   I.iH)K(iiil S.  V-MJ  !•;.  li.'i*  r:i !!(■». 

('.■i|ii'  Mean's,  niiiilui'Miy  tlir 'I'lirii'  An  li  llciclis S.  -M'.  I',.  'Jii    inilrs. 

Caiii'  I 'all!  Ml - S,  ;lii  I'',,  1 1'*  iiiili'H. 

INiiiil  Ailaiiw  l.inlilli(iii-.i' N.  Ii'i  \V.  ir.*  inili'H. 

('a|H'  llisappciiiitiiii'lil    I/if;lil-lu)iis"' N.'JIi  \V.  'Jl     inilcs. 

(  ape  Siioalwali'i' IJnlil  (  mil  iiilin  isihlc) N. 'Jl  W.  17    iiiileH. 

Deslnii'liiiii  I -laiiil,  pnipdseil   l.i^lillioiise N.;!ll  \V.  IH.'i     iiiileH. 

'I'aldciNli  Island   l,i;;lill sc  ( iml  inleivisilile)    ,\.  :'.-J  \V  l.'il     miles. 

Ihith'cxjraphji  off  TiUiimmk  Hmh. — One  mile  oti  tlu'  I.idlit-lionsc  tlir  (U'|ilii  of  wator  is  tliii'ty- 
iliiei'  lallioiiis  ovi'i'  a  liolldiii  ol'  liiir  daik-^ray  sand;  t'oily  t'atlioins  at  two  iiiiics  over  siiniliU' 
liuiloiii;  fort ,\  live  fat  lioiiis  at  lour  miles,  similar  liottoiii;  titty  tivc  fatlioiiis  iit  <'ii'lit  miles,  with 
liiilli  ;;rci'ii  mud  and  sand  ;  and  at  ten  miles  sixty-onr  iatlioins,  similar  liottiim. 

Ill  .\ii;,'iisl,  ITTTi,  l>on  liiiinndc  lleccta  discoM'rcd  tlu-inor.tli  ofajiroat  I'.ay,  which  was  really 
llii'  iiHiiitli  of  the  Coliiinliia  ]!i\ei,  and  tiiis  reiiiai  kalile  Head  he  named  Cape  l''roiido,so.  llereto- 
liiie  this  name  has  been  siipposeil  to  lieloiii;-  to  Point  Adams,  lint  a  study  of  his  narrative  satisties 
ilie  jireseiit  eon-Iiision.     (See  note  to  Coliindiia  Iviver.) 

Cook,  Mcares,  and  N'aneoiiver  do  not  mention  it,  allhoiij;h  the  last  has  it  weakly  represented 
111  his  chart.  In  latitude  \iP  '».">'  La  I'eronse  speaks  of  a  cape  formed  by  a  wood-topped  nioiintaiu 
as  the  Cape  I!edoiido  ot'  the  Sjiaiiiards.  Cliiike,  ol  Lewis  anil  Clarke,  ilesi{;iiates  it  on  their  charr 
lis  •'Clarke's  Point  of  ^  iew,"  and  the  detiiiled  de.seri|)tion  nniiiistakaiily  applies  to  this  Jlead. 
lie  says  that  the  toi>of  the  inoiintain  is  twelve  hiindied  feet  ele\  atioii ;  and  imtiiediataly  below  the 
Miiiimit,  in  this  face  of  the  precipice,  there  is  a  stratum  ol'  while  earth.  The  lii,i;liest  point  of  the 
iiioi'iitain  is  an  open  spot  laciii};  the  ocean.  When  niakiiif;  the  descent  he  found  in  many  places 
the  lull  sides  very  steep  and  daii};eioiis:  they  weie  fnrmed  principally  of  yellow  clay  which  had 
been  washed  by  the  raiiiK  and  were  slippiii};  into  the  sea  in  larf:e  masses  of  fifty  and  one  hundred 
,icies.  Near  his  Point  of  \'iew  he  found  a  very  thick  jirowth  of  pine  and  tir;  .some  of  the  trees, 
uliich  were  perfectly  sound  and  soliil,  rose  to  a  liei^;ht  of  two  hnndied  and  ten  feet,  and  were 
trniii  ei;;lit  to  ten  feet  ill  diiiineter. 

( )n  some  old  maps  this  Head  is  erroneously  called  Cape  Lookout.  I'pon  one  W"  tiiid  it  called 
('ape  Me/.aii,  and  iipiiii  anotlier  Cape  Misaiia.  I>e  Mofras  calls  ;  he  Ca)!  N.  S.  de  h.  Luz.  The 
riiiled  States  lOxploiini;  I';\peililioii  of  IStl  (mIIs  it  Killamiikc  Head.  Tebeiikotf  very  faintly 
eiipie.s  N'aiieoiiver  and  has  no  name.  'I'lie  Coast  Survey  leeoiiiiaissance  chart  of  18.")0  calls  it 
Killainiick  Head.  In  1S.")1  when  we  were  oceii|iyiiifi  Cape  ]>isappoiiitinent  it  was  known  as  Tilla- 
iiioiik  Head  and  that  name  lias  continiied. 

The  LiiHilfnU  of  this  re^iuii  is  SitdiUi  Mciiitlniii,  which  from  the  southwest  shows  as  a  double- 
peaked  iiioiintain  with  the  easterly  siiiiimit  the  lower  one.  The  slopes  of  either  peak  to  the  apparent 
-oiith  and  apparent  north  are  nearly  the  same.  When  olT  Cape  Disappointment,  and  Mcdvenzie's 
Head  of  that  Cape  is  on  witli  Point  .\ilaiiis.  Saddle  .Monntaiii  is  in  line  with  them,  and  then  two 
s.ilMiidiiiate  peaks  show  out  between  the  two  main  ones,  and  the  liij;lier  jieak  bcffins  to  come  more 
In  the  front.  AfterenteriuK  the  river,  and  when  to  the  eastward  of  Ton^nie  Point,  the  whole  profile 
of  the  mountain  is  chaiif^etl,  and  it  would  hardly  be  recoiiiiized,  but  the  lii;,dicr  peak  is  to  the  west- 
ward, and  the  wtstern  face  of  the  inoiiiitain  shows  a  sheer  precipice  ot  four  liiindred  fei^t.  The 
summit  aieaof  this  Iii},dier  peak  is  very  limited  in  extent,  and  it  has  no  trees,  but  it  is  well  wooded 
on  its  slnjici  nearly  to  the  toji.  Tlu;  lower  jieak  is  similarly  a  bare  siinimit  with  trees  on  the 
slopes.    The  two  tops  are  about  half  a  mile  apart. 

When  south  of  Tillamook  Head  the  mountain  shows  over  the  low  country  behind  Hlk  or  Ecohi 
Creek  and  the  higher  wooded  rid};e  .some  miles  back;  and  it  is  a  marked  object  when  a  vessel  is 
north  of  Tillamook  Head,  and  lieuee  to  the  bearing  of  -Mount  St.  Helens  over  Point  Adam.s  when 
the  lirst  of  the  two  intermediate  peaks  show  sli};htly  on  the  left  flank  of  the  hifrh.ir  peak. 

The  luMjfhtof  Saddle  Mountain  is  thirty-three  hundred  feet,  and  it  should  be  visible  at  a  dis- 
17liH  !•  c 1!» 


i'i'i 


4rio 


I'Acinr  COAST  ni.or. 


Ir!'"   '!^' 


■•f  m 


:.,|!        Ifm.: 


f       ,*! 


Iiiiici'  of  si\t,v  (ivf  miles,  or  liftv  iiiiIcn  rrniii  lln'  ('iiasl.     'I'lir  ;;('<»;,'rii|iliiciil  po.sifi 
IM'iik,  ;i.s  <h't('iiiiiiirtl  !•>  tin-  1.  S.  ('<i;ist  iiiiil  (ii'iMl«'li('  Survey,  is: 


inn  of  llii>  wistcrii 


l.iiiiiiiili' I.'i    ,>   III' .0  iMirili. 

l.i'iiKitiici... .   i-,':i    II    li".l  \v<>»t. 

It  lies  north  twcnt.s  four  iinil  :i  Inilf  <li'j;n'»'s  v;\s\  (N.  'Jl'.  '  I".)  scviiitii  n  iinii  :i  Inill  mil'  iim,, 
Ciipc  I'jiii'on;  iiortli  sixty  iiml  ii  li;ilt'(l(';;n'('s  ciisl  (N.tiOA  l!.i  I'oni  tern  iind  onc-sixlh  niil.  .  iimji 
'i'iiliimook  IkOcK  l.i^lit  lionsr;  iiml  sontli  si\t,\  onr  ami  a  liiill'il<';;r('<'s  cast  iS.  )i|.',  I).)  iwiniv  inin 
inilt'H  from  ('ii|it>  DisapiHiintmcnl   l,i<;iit  lionsc. 

\'an('oiivi>r  lias  a  view  of  tliis  lantlfall  on  liis  eliait,  itnt  lie  does  not  refer  to  it  in  his  n:iM;itivi>. 
W'e  I'oiiml  the  nanu'  in  nse  annm;;  inn  ij;ators  In  l.s.'il,  ami  In  Is,"),",  \m'  loeateil  it  a|ipro\uii.iii  l\  idi 
the  rei'onnaissaiiee  chart. 

Coast  fi  lit  lives — It  will  he  iMiti<'eil  that  in  the  ileseriptions  oi  the  eoast  from  Cape  ('ii,,|,||,i 
Tillamook  Head  the  lami  represenlin;;  the<'oast  l>an;.'e  monnlains  is  miieh  liroken  np  l>\  ii,ui> 
verse  \  alleys  as  far  north  as  ^  iupiina  llisei:  and  that  there  are  a  lew  iiij;li  and  well  iiTn;;iii/|.,| 
peaks  kiioNk  n  to  t  he  navinalois,  Init  w  li(»e  positions  aie  not  \  et  est  a  Mi  shed.  'I'liese  pe.iks  :i\ii;i-|. 
bet  \v«'en  twenty  and  Iwiiitytiv  e  miles  trom  the  shoie  line.  North  of  the  ^'aiinina  li'i\  rr  ilir  i  n.|^| 
l'an;;e  is  more  eoinpael  ami  eontinnoiis,  Init  its  eie.vt  line  is  \  ei  \  irre;:nlai ;  at  some  pliees  ii  ciiiiir-. 
elose  to  the  sea  hoard,  and  at  other  places  retires  well  inland.  Saddle  Mountain  repieseiiis  ||||. 
highest  peak  In  the  re^^ion  of  the  Ctilnniliia  liiver. 

TliiMmmediate  sea-lioard  is  m  arly  stiaiylil,  ami  maikcd  l>\  Ion;;  lines  ol'  hi;;li  sand  iliini's 
lietweeii  the  lieach  ami  the  'oiests.  .Mon;;  the  sliaiylit  shores  the  tians\  else  spill's  of  ilir  I'n.isi 
ran;;e  |ircss  over  the  water  and  form  the  numerous  Heads  and  Capes,  which  are  eonspiciKnis  niilv 
iH-eanse  the  land  on  the  soiitli  and  north  of  them  is  compaialixely  low.  No  i^reat  rixeis  open  ;i{iiiii 
the  oeean,  altlioiiH||  several  are  moderately  lar;.'e  and  their  moiiths  alVoid  fair  liarhois. 

There  is  one  peculiarity  of  this  Ion;;  stietch  (d'  sea-coast  ;  that  the  winds  of  the  ;;rcat  slniinsui 
wiiiler  do  not  make  it  a  lee  slmie,  Itnt  Mow  very  neaily  paralli  '  illi  it,  and  so  f.ir  as  \\c  cnii 
;;ather  Ihcie  has  heen   no  case  where  a   \  cssci   has  acliially   1m  en  (iiiveii  ashore  fioin   ,-.||i>.>i.| 

Weather.      In  the  snininer  noiihwesi  winds,  alll ^h  they  draw   over  the  land,  it   never  1p|.i«>  >,, 

sqiiaicly  and  so  violently  on  shore  as  to  make  a  dan;;eidns  Ice  shore. 

The  ;;reat  depth  ol  watei'  that  is  toiiml  within  II  mile  of  the  slim c,  the  ahseiiee  of  d;ni-irs  ;i< 
iniicli  as  a  mile  t'l'iiin  the  j^'cneial  shoiedinc,  except  Tillamook  1,'ock  upon  w  liich  Iheie  is  a  l.i;;lil 
house  and  to;;  si;;nal ),  and  the  \'eiy  sli;;hl  I'liiNatnie  to  the  eastward,  conspire  to  make  il  ;i  i(i;isl 
where  nowell  t'onnd  \  es.sci  can  he  lost  with  I'casonaMe  caie  and  ]iieeantion. 

Till'  hiiriihun  liisliiirr  Kilihi  Cuirttit. —  When  the  'I'illaimiok  l.'ock  Ia;;litIioiise  was  luiin; 
linilt  pai  t  of  the  stones  foi-  the  Iniildin;;  were<'arried  oil'  the  rock  in  heavy  storms.  Some  of  ilir  li;ii 
rels  well'  found  ca>t  ashore  as  tar  iiorlhwaiil  as  the  <,>m-nniall  K'ixcr,  a  distance  (d'ei;;ht\  ll\c  imIcs. 

S lift liiiii III  of  Tilliniiiiiil:  llniil. —  At  two  and  a  third  miles  east,  and  one  and  three  iiii.mIi'1> 
miles  iidilh  (it  the  westernmost  point  o|  Tillamnok  Head,  where  the  hij,di  land  drops  smlil.nly  in 
low  land,  there  lie;;ins  a  hroad  sami  hcach  which  runs  foiiiti  en  miles  north  thirty  d(';;ii'r'- "iM 
(N.  oil  \\  .)  to  I'oiiit  .\dams.  the  south  iioint  ol  the  entrance  to  the  Colamliia  I'iver.  Tin  iniuli 
makes  a  ion;;  ie;;nlar  cm  \  e,  one  mile  deep  to  t  lie  east  w  aid.  A  peculiar  teat  in  c  of  the  topo;;Ki|'li\ 
is  that  two  or  more  Ion;;  lines  of  low  sand\  iid;;e.s  rim  liarallel  with  the  lieach  towaid>  I'l'iiit 
Adams.  They  ajijiear  like  ;;icat  saml  waves  (oveU'd  with  K'J'''^'"'t  'ein,  and  Inishes,  for  hah  .i  iiuii' 
inland,  and  are  known  as  the  Clatsop  Plains,  lictwcen  them  rim  small,  slii;;;;isli  streams.  ■.^  ilc 
eonntry  liehind  is  low,  swam]iy,  and  covered  with  forest  and  an  almost  impenetrable  nmhi.  ■  hiIi. 
A  mile  or  two  inland  the  low,  wooded  hills  are  reachttl,  but  these  decrease  in  liei;;hl  .i-  I  iii 
Adams  is  apiiioachcd. 

In  the  indentation  northward  of  Tillamook  Head  are  .several  liirfre  white  lMiildiii;;s  er«  i  i.il  lor 
Slimmer  re.sort'S,  and  a  tall  lla;;  stafV  is  standiiifi  Just  at  the  ed;;e  of  liijili  water.  JJeyoihl  il"  m 
houses,  at  two  and  a  half  miles  i  ,»rtliward  of  the  benrl  in  the  shore,  there  is  the  broad  i  iii:  imc 
to  a  stream  with  three  arms,  two  from  the  south  and  one  from  the  north.  It  ks  called  the  Nekiin.ikiMii 
Creek,  the  main  .southern  stream  (d'  w  liicli  is  nearly  one  Iiiimired  yards  wide.  <'larke,  l.S(),"(-"i;.  -;n> 
it  was  ei;:lity  yaids  wide  and  a  swift  llowiii;;  creek.  On  thi'irchart  it  is  called  the  Clat.son  l.'iMi. 
The  mouth  is  (|iiite  w  ide  betW4'eii  hi^di  water  maiks,  and  the  south  side  of  the  entrance  is  :i  iiimIv 
point  three  <]uarteis  of  a  mile  loiijjand  one<piarter  of  a  nide  broad.  The  iiortli  fiiile  has  a  -I  'iiii 
sandy  jioiiit. 

From  the  month  ol  this  creek  to  the  northward  the  hif,'h-water  line  is  niiirked  by  a  low.  :imlv 
bliill,  with  iiaralh  I  lines  of  saml  ridges  (jovered  w  itli  yra.s.s. 


Qil 


w 


ll'  till'  Wcslciii 

irtli. 

OMt. 

Kill  mil'  -^  111,11, 
Uli  mill  ■.  iiiiiii 

"..)   lUCIIIV  tlHIl 

I  lii>  ii..ii,iii\,., 
>n>Miii.iii'l\  idi 

iijif  On, ml  |„ 

'II  M|l  ll.\  Il,ln^ 
I'll     llTIVlillUl'll 

]mmKs  iimt;i:;i' 
ii\  el  I  ll,'  I  niisi 
|i|;lcrs  II  riiliil". 
r('|ir<'srlil>i  llir 

;ll  Mlinl  .liiiii'- 
VS  llf  III!'  Ci.iq 
ll>|iiciliii|-,  Dili) 

\  CIS  (l|l|'ll    1I|H1|| 

irs. 

"Tcill  sliiiinsiil 
()  I'iir  as  we  cull 
tViilli    nIii'ns  III 

I1C\('I'    lllllWS    M) 

«'  ol'ilillmcrs  ;is 
licrc  is  a  l.i;,'iit 
make  it  a  cimst 

use  was  licili;; 
itilMc  III'  I  he  li;ir 
j;lit\  -live  II, lies. 
1  tlirc('(|iiinli'rs 
ijis  siidili'iily  111 
v  ih't'lccs  »i>l 
cr.     Tin-  lii'Mcli 

till'    tu|HI-IM|lll,\ 

I  t(iwaiii>  I'l'iiil 
,  lor  liair.i  iiiili' 
Ircanis.  ;ii,il  ilic 
e  iiiiiicii;i"«ili. 
li('i;;lil  .1-  I'nint 

lugs  orci  iiil  liir 

]5<>yoiiil  il'i'M' 

l)riia<l  ciiii.iiici 

liic  N('kaii,ikiiin 

kc.  ISOri  ■(!.  s;US 

■  Clat.soii  i;i\cr. 
aiifc  is  a  snulv 
1(.  has  a  -l:iiriH' 

liy  ii  low.    aiiilv 


» 


il?l 


m 
'll 


^■';! 


i'j 


i 


if 


'ik 


Land-full  to  the  Kortbwaril 

Cikpu  I)i»»p|>i>iiitrneiit  \ahM 


»^«*f*.i(##,#Mt<iyB-#5!*^^ 


MM!SBS!!!fi!!iy'*f!^'8!?i'""''*''"^''°5'"'''''* 


)iiiuiii<imi'}!%x'ii-' 


Land-fftll  t<>  tin'  Norlhwurd  of  Iho  Columbia  Rlvnr. 
Cupe  Disupiioiiitmeiit  I-iglit,  Ix-iiriTig  K»«it  M  iimIch. 


KMt  k  N. 


t  ir,«,"'**tT.'''u  .,.>. 


|&*5ieK--*!«siaafej*iiX*sflss^bE£3fi 


c,i|M'  i'i»;i|i|ioiMiint'iit,  si;.  Ii\  ■•.,  m  luiiiv 


,ja!UUiit'il"!iH!!'»W*l-//4~^V.t;aat'3V5f--:S^«»t^ 


SiE^" 


Caiu*  UiBttppoiutiuent,  SK.  ii>  ^    '•'-  '"•' 


"'vwnffpw 


wmmmi^ff'mitmmtwwmvmm^'fmmmmi^mmt'n^*'  •"I?.'*.'™' " .J".    » 


mjafttai.    ^:r..j.iM^)JWi.Bi|^jt,.     .e"jMr»a>yWWa 


EftHl  i  N. 


f 


' :'  n 


♦''•'MVll»4l.*M<l(«.JI»1»,t««(,tl*fl«ill«).K.|Hl*tllr,|ijt(  >»*<*«» 


Aift^Lfflamiiiiiaiiiiiiiai 


N.i.ili  H.-;  i!. 
Cipi'  l'i>a|i|ioiiitmniit,  SK.  lis  S.,  lH  imli' 


fii:  :.«slt   I' 


I-  ^  If*-.  •■    f    :t 


iA.^^'l'ii  r 


li  ii 


i. 


li^*^ 


;»\'^ftjr*'.""  •  ''■''''^•■t4^;:^''^i^^^i^'.?^ft«f)Mt^'- 


«»*, 


Cui"!'  |i.s:>iipiiiiiiiMiiit,  f^K 


1 

1 

;«||j 

if 

1 

ml 

Nortli  H.-.  .1, 
liv  •■•.,  '.11  luil(^^ 


1      'I! 


I 


■ff 


lll«l 

/:;l 


liiiiil,  t^l--  'V 


^:^i.-'" 


,XJP^-. 


l;iH'k--i  ml  TilliiiiKiiik  Ht'ad,  South. 


Siiiiilii'  Mm, I  lain. 
v..  •  N.,  .v.'  uiilf>. 


TilhiUKcik   lliviil,  I'...  11  miles 


l.lllHl-filll    Si.lltll  <.I'    llu'  I' 


*ij*wflag«^.»J^'?  ^^^>'mmmf^'^-^'''  *^—^^'  ••  ■■*  M..'..v-'    '  -*•  - 


l.i;;lit  liiiii-i'.  K.  J  N.,  6  nnlPH. 
CiiXrnllill  lllli. 


'I'l  1'  ('Iiilsi,|.  Ill  „i  (,  I  III'  u|i|ir<iiirlii'(i  til  llic  <  'I'liilnl'i;!  1 


iiiiKMik  Hfad,  Soutli. 


TinaiM..(.l.  Kuck  l.i>;lil'li.u.M'. 
SI",  liy  S.  i  S.,  '.>;  inilKs. 


M.Hiiitiiiri  'i.-liiiKl  Capi'  hiilc.i'ri,  K.  5  S.,  f.1 


l.llllcl-fllll    S.illtll   111'    lllr   '    ulllllllllH    KlMT. 


iiiK'ii  MiiiiMtiiiri. 


Ill'  ;i|i|ir<iiirlii'H  111  I  lie  ('nliiinlii.i  l.ivi-r  fnun  tlu>  Simlli    'l  -kriiln'H). 


Saililli'  MoiintHiii. 
:t.:mii  f....i 


s.iil'iir  Mm  .i.tuin. 


'  J8aB-J;r  ^" 


nil  lirliiiiil  ('a|M'  |-';il(!i'n,  K.  S  ^^  '^l  null'- 


ik^i^'jomi^ui  Mfc*-'^'-^^^" 


l.iKhr  1.. 

CuM-.ll.ll.    llll' 


I..-.  K.  i  N  ,  li  "'iiiin 


I'M  m 


<       ,        * 


i'l^ 


ii' 


I  I  ^1 


w 


B|i 

pi 

\m 

fw'l    1 

|M|i  ( 

s^ 


n[   null'- 


^--Tj;'-\;>H^ 


>v^^  ,■     .*vr-.„ 


~»tf» 


■'(•arlMiroii;;!!  Kill. 


I'.>r  I  .-.nic 


'^''^^m^*^"^i^^^^^i^>^i^^i^j^mft^^''^  *^'":'iiHti^'.w* 


Tiiw»rcl»  SIik.iIm  ;iii  r  I);iy. 
Nortli  Hiail. 


Ml  Keiizii'V  lliiul. 


t'aiif  lii-auiiiiiiitiiii  I 
N.liy  K.  !  i;.. 


rtmi^f  lUiijil    ^M .*3** 


Nutlli  Hratl.  I.vti'  Hciiiw,  N    tiy  W      }  \V 

(  'lt|PI-    lliBU|l|li'illtl!|i|lt 


ApliP'ai'lnim  (.'iiliiiiii  ;..  l;u,  r  li 


..■*•>■» 


^v»*'      ^'     ^' 


I'.lr  I   .;llir 


.1  nil    I    lov\     I'lpiMl, 


Miiniit  S(.  llcli>ii>i. 
T»ii^;in'  I'niiit.  I'mn'  .\i|:iiii~ 


w}^«*ji,'"*"^'":'"***-'^''W«i_;^;^\: 


""~'-*--v^ 


Taw  )i:-.iiiiHiiiiliiiiiit  I.iglit-lioiiHi', 
S   !.y  K.  !  K.,  1  liiil.-.t. 


C'hiiMiiik  Hiv.'v. 


Satiil   iHlitiul  Heui'un. 


'  riiitMlil iitfttoi  *^i|iini>iMi I  iiiiM  ..     -iXid 


|i|iriiiii'liii(«  (-'(iluiiii  :..  li'iM  r  111  Mil  till'  S.miiIumiiiI. 


S.'i.il.Mnm^li  Hill. 
I'liiiit  Ail.iiiii  I  i^'lit  lidiiw.  \.  J  F.,  7i  iiiili'.i. 


1 

1 

i 

if 

» 

i; 

1 

' 


m 


mi 


111 

H 


'#: 


II 


4 


P^IH^  ■■ 

i 

'ifev^ 


i|»WWrtf.5*l-.*'«W' 


i(i»i*<«t*,}*i".*^<M!' 


;   ' 


'A 


1   \ 


5)1  r 


;  «i|| 


U 


):  it 


Hiiii\ «. 


Si'rimil  li 


Nmlli  Iliii.l,  N.  17     W.  rr..iii  Wlnsllii.-  H,„,v. 


t'lipt'  I)|si||>lMilJtIllrlit. 


Knjlit-hoMsp.         •.IH7  f( 


L*2£*!*ir2ij!!siii^i2fc*-i-J!V.!i.  •    , 


J_L..,  U.XHMMW 


Clatsop  Beacb. 


\  lew  (it    Kntruiiif  to  ('uliiiiibi.i  H.\rT 


('a|H-  I)iH;ip[ioiiitn)rht 


l.H{lit-hi)iis(>.  •JH7  (,,et. 


■•-xw. 


^  -•-*-, 


^i.i  ■•,- 


-    J-IBWL  _  I  iji  IHUJI,  JiH»S!»««!»^*- 


-  II     M    liiMiii  Willi   I  ma    I    iiji.i.    ..    LI 


^x- 


lit   Kntruiue  lo  ('i>lmiibi;i  i;  ..  r  ircMii  Nortliwosi  ('J  vifws). 


Tillamook  Hi'sil.  Ciipo  Kiilcon 


f'  ,<\ 


t'a[i'    1  )i^;ti'itt.itif  ni 


N.iii,  1 1. ,1,1.  .;  iiiJI.'M. 


S.iilill.'  Mt.nritaiii,  :!,:!(lii  fci-f. 

Ml  Ki'iiiit's  llfail.  1' 1   AilaiUM   l,i){  it-lin.irtt 

SK.  liy  K.  1  K..  1.  iiii'iM. 


^ 


^!^'^o. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


.^ 


■'II 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


2f  Ii4    ^ 


IT    U£ 


I 


2.0 


V] 


Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

WIBSTER.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  •72-4503 


%ST^ 


^"^  '^<^ 

^ 


« 


1 


^ 


■^4, 
W 


T 


I 

; 

w 

1 

1 

i 

1 1 1 

^ni 

ii  ^ 

IHi 

F'  i  i 

Hi 

', 

,.', 


H ' 

Ifli  * '  . 

1 

|ii 

Ii 

i/i  ^- 

mm  'I ' 

wj  '/  I  '. 

i^' 

f 

'^■y 


....^Jfi'-^*^ 


/  « 


iir 


*•  *!l*!Sriiate!5!tah»  ••j 


r»)ie  Fali'on. 


I'ollll     AllUlllt     l.i^llt    Ihi'Ihi', 

SK.  Iiy  Iv  i  K     11  riiilm. 


Tin:  ( OLUMIUA  IIIVEn. 


OREGON  ANU  WASHINGTON. 

riio  ('olmnhin  Kivcr  in  its  lower  coiiisn  is  the  IhhiihIhiv  iM'twccii  On'^roii,  on  (lie  sontli,  ivn«l 
\v  iNliiii-ilon 'rt'iiitorv  on  the  noiili,  'I'lic  lioniiihiiv  liiii'  Iciivcs  tlic  livtr  wln-ii' ii  is  crosst'd  by 
iIm'  Ii 111. V  sixth  iiaiiillcl  of  liitilinic,  iitiir  llic  ll!>  im  riiliiin.  It  wiis  the  ^'(llltll('^^  Immiilarv  «>f 
\  .iliroiivcr's  "  New  (ii'<)r;.'i;l  "  of  IT'.tli. 

Tlic  ii|t|ir(HMlics  Jo  tin-  liver  are  I'aiil.v  well  inaikeil,  luii  not  npoii  the  scale  of  tlin  mtraiicn  to 

pe 

18 


!lii'  l'i;i,v  of  San  I'laneiseo  or  the  Strait  o|  I'lica.  ('oiniii;;  from  the  soiiiliwanl  the  ;jreat  ca 
lalli'il 'lillaiiioolt  Head  is  a  rapital  laiHlinark.  Siulille  .Mountain,  laillier  inlaixl,  is  a  landfall 
;iiir;id.v  de.serihed  ;  It  is  visible  over  forty  live  miles  oiitsiile  the  liar.  NNlieii  a  veswl  is  tliirtv-liv« 
mill's  to  tli«  west  of  the  river  the  moceiateh  hi;;h  iiKHiiitaiiis  wliieli  lie  to  the  northward  of  the 
iiMi,  and  wveral  miles  northeastward  from  (ape  l»isat>poiiitiiient,  are  visible  in  fair  weather. 
liM  liaiweaiher  oiieof  the  iM'anlifnl  laiidr;ills,  allhou^'h  disi^mt  sexenty  six  miles  from  the  inoiitli, 
i<  Mount  St.  Helens,  whieli  is  seeiMlire<il>  up  the  narrow  vaHey  of  the  ii\ei'.  It  is  niiuu.  oiiHand 
iiini'  hiiiHlred  and  iiiiM'tyfoiir  feet  in  hei;,'lit,  and  lies  in  latitude  10  11'  I.S"..J  north,  loii{;itudo 
IJ.'    ir  .•{■_'"..'»  west. 

'I'lie  immediate  laiidfiill  of  the  enliaiiie  is  the  body  of  comparatively  low  hillocks  whitrli  form 
(\i|!e  IHsappointinent  at  the  north  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  river.  The  cape  is  visible  from  the 
liiiii/.on  at  twenty  miles,  and  Iheielorc  is  made  out  from  a  xcs.sd's  deck  at  that  distance. 

The  ("oliimbia  is  the  ureal  rivri  of  the  noitli«cst  coast  of  North  America,  south  of  the 
I  iiiinsiila  of  Alaska.  It  rises  in  the  l.'ock.N  Mountains,  \ciy  near  the  hcaowafi'is  of  the  Mi.ssouri 
'..ivcr  ami  the  Colorado  IJivcr;  and  lhroiif;li  several  (jrcat  Iribiilaiics  it  drains  an  immense 
:iii;i  of  country,  alone  capable  of  siistainin;,'  a  nation.  Throiifjh  live  dcjriee.s  of  longitude  its 
.1  iicral  course  to  tin-  ocean  is  very  nearly  west  (true).  Just  under  latitiide  1(1  \  The  river  breaks 
iliiou;;h  the  Ca.scaile  HniiKe  of  Mouni  iiris  In  l(Hi«ilmlc  IL'I  '  J(i'.  In  lont'ilude  IL'L'"'  III',  where  it 
Kccives  the  waters  of  the  Wilhimeltc  from  the  southward,  it  makes  a  sharp  bend  northward  for 
.ilii.iit  twenty  four  miles  to  the  mouth  of  the  t'owlit/,  a  small  stream  which  comes  in  from  the 
iioiihward  near  I'linet  Scuiiid.  Then  it  continues  nearly  west,  and  opens  into  the  Pacilic  in 
l.ililiide  it;    l.'C. 

The  lower  part  of  this  river  does  not  run  throii^'h  a  Kical  valley  in  the  same  seii-se  that  the 
liiucr  Mississippi  docs,  but  lhroiij;h  a  canon  averaH;iii;r  liv.'  miles  in  width  between  the  hi{;h, 
l'Ms:i|licclins  on  each  side.  The  ii\cr  dies  iiol  occupy  all  this  breadth,  but  an  average  of  tliree 
HI  four  tilths  of  the  breadth  is  taken  up  b\  low  lands,  maishes,  and  shoals.  The  average  width 
■  I  the  stream  below  the  ('as<'ades  is  one  mile. 

The  lower  reaches  of  the  river  are  iiiiich  wider,  and  the  siicain  then  actually  takes  more  the 
'  limacter  of  an  cMiiary  lor  at  least  twenty  live  miles  above  the  iiioiith.  And  for  thirty-live  miles 
tioiii  the  entrance  the  broadened  river  is  taken  up  largely  with  low  marshes  and  wooded  islets. 

Itetween  Three  Tree  I'oint  oii  the  right  bank  aniM'athlanicI  Point  on  the  left  bank  the  basaltit; 
"iills  approach  within  three  miles  of  each  otln-r,  and  thence  outward  the  channels  cliango  then 
•  lircclioiis  and  depths,  and  the  l.iw  islets  are  only  Just  acipiiring  their  bushes  and  trees.  The  river 
Mjches  the  oei-an  iM'lwceii  low  headlands,  of  which  the  .s«uilliern  one  is  inconspicuous  and  the 
iioi'lhern  one 


is  notable  but  not  very  high. 
The  river  is  navigable  for  large  ships  as  far  as  the  C'a.scades,  one  hundred  anil  twentytlin'e 
iiilcs  from  its  mouth  :  .ind  up  ')  Portland,  on  the  Willamette,  niuelythiec  miles  from  the  niimtli. 
r.eyond  the  heatl  of  oceaiiship  navigation  the  river  and  its  great   tribiilarics  are  iiavigate<l  by 

I  it  has  aliHig  many  miles  of  its  course  one  of  the  transc  intineiital 


i| 


ige  and  swift  steam  boats,  am 


4.-.1 


4:>: 


PACinc   COAST    I'M.HT. 


liiu'snf  railniad.  The  iiavi^'afion  is  not  always  ••(uiijnuou.s,  on  arcoiiiit  of  <il)str<H'tittiis,  l.m  tli.> 
iiUK''<'fii>'«'  U'iij;tli  must  aiMoiiiit  to  almost  i'i;;lit  liiiiiilrt'il  statute  iiiiles.  Tin-  nmuln  (li,iii,,,|  i.y 
tin-  Coliimhia  aiitl  its  trilmtaries  is  an  «'.M"«ctlinf;l.v  lirli  a^Miniltuial  aiul  stork  ruisinj;  n-i.  i  ,  mii 
IS  last  lillinj;  ii|i  witli  an  eneij^i'tic  population. 

AtliT  tlu'so  general  introtliietory  remarks  we  take  np  the  details  of  deseriptioii. 

POINT    AllAMS. 

The  southern   I'oint  oC  the  Kntranee  to  the  ('oiiinil>ia  Itiver  is  I'oint   Adams,     ii   is   i  !,,» 
sandv  point,  eovered  with  lir  and  iindet^rowth  to  the  ed;:e  nl  the  sand  liearli  and  IhwiIium  .      1 1„. 
t'oi'i'st  is  dense  ami  the  trees  hi^h  so  thai  the  point  has  an   appeaiance  ol'  heij^'hl  and  is  mh^m  wh  ii 
rea  lily  made  ont,  espe<'ial!y  if  the  atmosphere  is  ha/y  inside. 

The  point  remained  with  veiy  little  elianfje  liom  liron;;hton's  siirvev,  of  170L',  to  Isi;;.  ,,^j, 
indieated  l»y  a  eom])arison  of  the  shorelines,  anti  also  l»y  tlu'  existence  ol  trees  of  hir;:e  ji.iwtli 
out  to  the  ed;;e  of  the  point,     ^inee  the  hitter  date  the  point  wa.s  cut  away  liy  the  lun   .i-n 

rapidly  for  a  few  years,  and  the  yreat  tn-es  were  undermined  and  tell  into  the  water.     'I'liiv  in i 

destiiietion  elian;;ed  some  of  the  deiails  of  eharaetei of  the  point  ;  lint  the  cnttin;;  sl(i|i|i(  i|.  ,in,l 
accretion  has  Itei-n  ^oiii;;  on  to  a  coitsideraltle  extent,  lea\  in^r,  however,  the  c.\tremit\  nl  iIh  {..iint 
denuded. 

The  point  is  used  as  a  raiige-imiik  liy  the  pilots  who  keep  knowle<l}:e  of  the  clian;;rs  n|  ih, 
bar  and  channel,  and  choose  their  ran}:es  to  suit  the  vaiialile  ciicnmstances. 

SSt  ret  chin;;  ont  from  I'oint  Adams  is  the  {iieat  shoal  known  as  the  Clatsop  Spit,  whose  imnnal 
direction  ]>oints  towards  ('a)ie  Disappointment.  It  freipiently  stretches  more  than  half  tva.\  h  i(i>> 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  is  then  nsnalls  marked  liy  the  lucakers  around  its  whole  lAiiiit, 
except  in  e\ceedin}:ly  smooth  weather  and  at  lii;;h  water.  I'<ut  thcie  have  lieen  periods  \\ Inn  iis 
northern  ed^e  stretched  .strai{;lil  out  to  sea.  an*l  then  swept  in  far  to  the  southward  oi  I'din; 
Adams. 

TIh' shortest  distance  from  I'oint  Adams  to  Cape  l)isap])oiiitment  is  a  little  over  li\i  iiiiii>, 
and  the  luMiiiifi  northwest  In  west  (NW.  liy  W  .}.  'I'he  distance  from  Poiut  Adams  I,i>;lii  Iihhm- 
to  Ca|ie  I>isap|ioiiitiiient  I.i;<ht'h(iiise  is  (he  and  seM'nei^^hths  miles,  and  the  hearing  ninth  ijliv 
live  dey;rees  west    (N.  .Vi    \V.). 

Un  the  inner  side  of  I'dint  .\iLiiiis  is  an  earth  fortilieation  known  as  Furt  iStrrcns.  In  ]■>','• 
the  river  had  cut  away  much  of  tin  <>ld  shore  outside  of  it.  Imt  siiIim  <|iiciit  changes  of  the  i  li.iiiiiil 
led  to  r.ileposits;  and  now  a  small  stone  Jetty  is  hein^  cariicd  cut  to  y;ive  protecliuii  .i_  iin^i 
further  encroachment,  to  aid  deposits,  and  to  direct  the  course  of  the  ri\er  under  the  soiilli  ^Imhi'. 
There  is  a  sluke  uhilv  liijhl  placed  at  theeiid  of  this  |ett,\  which  is  now  (ISSTi  siirroiindcd  l'.\  -.niil. 
Tlie  eharaeteristics  of  the  Stake  Li;;hts  are  ^i\\^'u  in  the  annual  Li;:ht  house  lists. 

The  freo^raphieal  position  of  the  Hag  stall  of  Fort  Stevens,  us  detexmiiicd  by  the  C.  .^  '"iist 
and  (ieodclic  Survey,  is  : 

I.:ititu<li> 4i;     f."  •.1)".r.  north. 


I.iili^lluilr 
«ir.  In  tiiiii' 


l--::t 


THE   LltillT-IIOfSE    ON    I'OINT    AIlAMS. 


|H  .:i  went. 


This  is  a  primary  Heaeoast  l-ight.     The  Light  house  is  not  on  the  northern  extremit\    ■' 
point,  Imt  on  the  outer  one  of  the  low  s;;<id  rid;.'es   which  run  parallel  with  the  ocean  sIk'i 
It  is  almost  one  mile  south  of  the  point  and  two  iinndred  and  eightytive  yards  inside  tin    I 
water  mark.     The  striiftiire  is  a  low,  Nqiiare  tower  rising  from    the    keeper's   dwcliin- 
buildings  are  iiainted  white,  the  lantern  and  dome  black.     The  buildings  show  against  tin  ■ 
background  of  the  high  lir  forest,  which  is  about  three  Iinndred  yanls  inside. 

The  Light  is  of  the  fourth  order  if  the  system  of  l-'resiiel  ;  it  wan  llr.it  exhibited  in  1>T 
shows  from  sunset  to  sunrise  a //.xi/  n-l  lii/lit. 

The  present  characteristic  of  the  light  was  givee  to  it  on  .laniiaiy  L'l,  1.S81,  when  the  Till  i 
Hock    Light    was  lirst   evhibited.     Tri'vions  to  that   date  it   was  a  Hashing  red  light.      IIm 
shows  round  the  entire  hoii/on,  but  the  eompa.ss  range  useful    to  niariners  is  from  soiiiImi 
south  (SK.  by  S.).  through  the  south  and  west  to  north  by  west  half  west   (N.  by  W.  A  W.).  \^ 
it  iHciit  oil  by  the  trees  nearer  tin-  extremity  of  tlie  point. 

The  biusi-  of  the  tower  is  lilty  feet  above  the  mean  level  of  the  sea;  and  the  focal  I'li 


111!' 

Iilir. 

'■;:li 
fill' 
l.iik 

mil 

ii"i|> 

■\  liv 

IllTI' 


U  AS 


PACIKK"    CftAST    IMI.OT. 


45a 


tioim,  l.ii:  III,, 
n  ilr.1,1  .■,!  |,s 


wliosc  iiii|tii;il 
nil'  tV;i\  ji  lo.s 
Wliolf  ix'ili!. 
lidds  «  lull  ih 

\iiiil  III  I'liiii: 
icr  li\c  iiiilo, 

■»  l.iylll  llililvc 
1;;    IIMIlll    llllV 

tns.     li;   I-'T; 

>!'  till'  I  li.llllirl 
I'lliPli    :i^.iiii>l 

Slllltll   ^liiili'. 
xlril  \>\  ^.illil. 


lu-'rilLi/iHiik 

Till  :  .hi 

■illMlllIM    i    ilV 
\V.).    V  ^I'lr 


ninety  iiiiH'  fvvt  iiliovc  tlu'  s»';i,  so  that  in  t'a\oiul>!i'  coiiililioiiH  oC  llio  iitnmsiilifni  tlu>  li^jlit  .sliuiiUl 
III'  \  isililf  fVoiii  ii  lifi^lit  of  lll'li't'ii  i'ci-t  at  ii  <lislaiir(t  ol'  alioiit  clfvcii  oi'  I  wt'lvi-  iiiilfN. 

Tlio   m'()KriM>liical    |iosiln»ii  of  tlio  LIxlit,  as   iletcriiiiiied    liy  tlu-  i;.  ,S.  Coast  and  (lf(Mletic 

SiiiAo.v,  is: 

l.aiiiiiili' li'i    11   :w    iioitii. 


I.iiii^iliiilr 


ill  .laiiiiary,  IsH'i,  tlic  iiia^MH'tic  varialimi  was  1.M  ^  l_"  rast,  willi  a  .Ntail.v  increase  o('2'.'2. 
I'lOiii  I'oiiit  Ailanis  we  liave  the  rollowiii!,'  I»eariii}:s  and  ilistaiices  to  iiii|Mirtaii(  oltjects: 


(.'ii|ii'  Orlonl  l,iKlil-liii:i»i' .. 

<'ll|)l'  (ill'K'TV    Li^lll   Ili'lIM' 


s.  I.-,   1:, 

s.  1:    1: 


v!ii:i 


III- 


V;ii|iiiiia    llrailn  l.i;;lilliiiiisi'  ,S.  -.iii     K 

'rillaiiiiiok  K'orli    l.iylil-liiiiisr s.   I.' 

('ii|M'  |li^a|i|Miiiiliiii'iil    l,l;;lil  liiiilM' 


1: 


WliiNlliiit;  IJniiy  nil  llH' Cipliiiiiliia  K'nir  l!:ir(l-H; 


\V. 


171     lllilt'N. 

'.•I  mill's. 
ili'N. 
•  <i  iiiili'f.. 
1,',  mill's. 


I.-.  J 


'I'lie  sl(fiM  flit/  irliistli  ill  I'diiit  Adams  was  disniiiiiniied  Fel unary  I,  IS.si,  lie(:ini.><e  tlie  sound 
niiild  not  lie  lieard  tar  eiion;;li  .seaward  in  had  weather  on  aeeonnt  olHie  lerrilie  noi.se  of  thv 
;;reat  lirealiers. 

In  simiiiier,  during  the  early  part  <if  I  lie  eveiiiii};,  dense  loj;s,  wliich  are  lornied  over  tlie  wiiters 
and  low  heaelies  of  (ira.\'s  tlarlmr  and  Sliinilwaler  Hay,  are  hroii}.'lit  soul lieast ward  liy  the snininer 
winds  and  roll  iiverCajie  l>isa|i|iiiiiitnienl.  which  tlie\  eoinpletely  shut  in  hei'ore  reaeliin;;  aern.sM 
the  river,  so  that   a  ves.sel  may  iiiaKe  tin'  lii;;lit  Imnse  on  Point  A<Iains  when  the  Cape  is  invisible. 

This  point  was  not  iianu'd  hy  llenia.  On  .\ii;.'nst  IT,  ITT.'i.  he  wasotVtht!  iiiontli  of  the  river, 
which  he  supposed  to  lie  a  <;realliay,  Imt  he  was  so  far  distant  that  he  noted  only  the  Cape,  <iii  tlie 
north,  iind  TillaniiHik  Head  on  the  .south.  (See  iiott^  tn  Colnmliia  Itiver.)  It  was  not  distinguished 
liy  Cook  or  liy  Meares.  It  was  called  "  .\lani.>'  Point"'  liy  (iray  in  IT'.t'J;  and  later  in  the  .same 
Near  N'aiiconver  named  it  Point  .\(lams.  Lewis  and  Clarke,  I.S(t.V(i,  speak  of  it  in  their  narra- 
lint  on  the  chart  ol   the  entrance  to  the  river  it  is  ealletl  Point  Itoiind,  and 


tjve  as  Point  Adann 

on  tlieii  <;eneral  chart  P.  I'onde,  t!ie  name  ajiplied  to  it  liy  La  Pcrtinse.  The  name  Point  Adams 
was  retained  liy  the  United  Sintes  I'^xplorin;;  Lxpcdition  in  ISII,  and  it  is  never  know  11  liy  any 
other.     De  Miifras  calls  it  C.  l''riinilosii  mi  I'le.  Adams.     The  Indian  naiiu' of  the  point  is  Klaiit  sop. 

The  lieacli  around  Point  .\ilanis  and  to  the  southward  for  .some  iiuh-tinite  distancte  is  locally 
iviiown  as  the  ('laLsop  l!<>ai'h.  Upon  the  .soiiiNei  n  part  of  it,  many  years  a^i,  before  the  wliitu 
people  occupied  the  conntry,  a  Chinese  or  a  .lapane.se  junk,  with  many  hands  and  a  ear}>:o  of 
liecswax,  was  east  ashore  and  went  (n  pieces;  the  crew  ;ire  reported  to  have  been  saved  and  taken 
into  slavery.  In  support  of  this  Indian  tradition  of  the  wreck  there  ar<>  occasionally  after  great 
siornis  pieces  of  this  wax  cast  ashore  coated  with  sand  and  bleached  nearly  while,  althoii<;h 
the  interior  is  .\ellowish.  l^'oi-merly  a  fiwui  deal  was  foiiiid,  but  now  it  is  rarely  met  with, 
liclchcr  menlions  having;  a  specimen,  and  we  liavese\eral  in  our  possession.  In  Perry's. lapan 
till.-  wreck  has  been  confounded  with  another  and  well-known  wreck  that  took  phu'c  near  Cape 
I'latlcr,,. 

^\'hetller  this  wreck  took  place  mi  the  Clatsop  Peach  or  farther  to  the  southward  is  an  open 
i|Uestioii 


.\t  the  Nehalem  Itiver.  and  midway  across  the  sandy  peninsula  at  it-4  moiilli  near  its 
iniii'tioii  with  the  mainland,  lai^.-  and  sina'l  pieces  of  wax  are  olteii  found  uncovered  after  strong 
winds.  Auion^'  th*>  settlers  in  the  \  icinils  there  is  a  tradition,  ilcrived  from  the  Indians,  that  the 
vMi'ck  took  place  olV  llie  beach  where  this  sand  spit  begins  :  :ind  the\  even  as.scrt  thai  part  of  the 
wreck  has  been  pointed  out  by  llie  Indians  at  e\!reme  low  tides.  The  wax  found  here  i-  bhutk 
on  the  surface,  but  when  cut  iliscloses  tlu^  ordiiuiry  color  of  beeswax. 

II  the  littoral  drift  is  to  the  northward  Uv  wax  found  on  the  Clatsop  P.each  may  well  have 
come  from  thi)  southward. 

CAPE   DISAPPOINTMENT. 

This  Cape  is  the  north  point  of  the  eiitian<'e  to  the  Columbia  Kiver,  and  is  the  only  headland 
that,  breaks  the  low  line  of  sandy  shore  which  stictches  from  Tillamook  Head  to  Point  C.renville, 
latitude  17^  IS'.  Immediately  behind  the  beach  and  the  lines  of  low  sand  dunes  in  this  hint; 
.stretch  of  coast,  the  forests  bcf-in.  Pur  a  short  distance  inland  the  eoinitry  contiinies  low.-or 
appears  low  where  the  atv.U  area.s  of  the  rivers  and  bays  exist.  Irrcyulur  luountaiuniasses, 
covered  with  forest,  show  over  the  lower  coast  line. 


m 


!'  :%  1 

:'i 


•ir)4 


I'ACIKU'    CMASr    PILOT. 


1    : 


'Nit  • 


>!  -K    ', ' 


Sniitli  cf  the  (.'api-  llif  low  1:iiiil  1'nttii  Till;iiiMMik  Ih'iil  fii  Point  Atliiiim  icccilis  in  ;  ,  ii,,. 
^•«'IH  Till  ilitfftioii  (il  tlu-  (Oiisl.  mill  this  I'act  alsn  ^ivt-H  |ir<iiiiiiii'ii(-t>  to  tliin  licailliiiitl.  Imiiik  .|  ii.  k 
iiortli  or  it  tli«'  low  laiiil  lu'jjiii.s  aiiti  runs  iii'inr  to  Toiiit  tiiriivilli',  iiiiirkcilltv  lii  loivsis  i,,  li:h,| 
I  lie  shore. 

TlicCaiH-  its.lt  |iiisi'iits  a  m'oloniciil  Corninlioii  not  coiinnon  oti  tlu"  st-ahoiinl.  It  is  ni  ii|„iMi| 
of  vrn  ii'if^Milai  hoi'i/oiilal  roliinuiiU'  ha.salt  rising  to  an  rxtrcnu' I'Icvation  of  two  hiiiiiii<  I  mmI 
ii^htN  seven  feet,  Imi  ilisposetl  in  a  suei'ession  of  hu^'t*  loiiniliii^'  hills  nearl.v  tlivhlrij  iiiin  iH,, 
mas.s«'s  li\  a  natiow  valiev  luiininy;  north  noiiliwest  ami  south  .southeast.  'Ilie.se  iiiej^iil.u  Iii!|,m|>^ 
;iivt«  a  very  broken  .s«'a  (rout,  niarkec!  by  shoii  strips  of  sand  beach,. ja^rneil,  ioeU\  |miip'>,  nnl 
tielaehed  roc'is  luuler  the  noilhweslein  pait.  The  sea  faces  of  all  the  hills  anil  nii-nl.iiU 
|iio|ectiii;.'  knobs  rise  iierpi'iiiliciilarl V  for  nianv  feet,  then  slope  iipwanl  to  the  crest  liii.-.  mImi, 
ilie,\  ilrop  alniosi  as  snilileiilv,  thus  I'liriiiinj;  narrow  anil  sharp  iiil;:es.  These  liil^es  and  uciih 
all  the  .seaw.inl  faces  are  ilestiliite  ol  tiees,  but  ale  eoxereil  with  {;ra.ss.  fern,  anil  biislii-.  il,, 
soil  is  Ihii;  but  CMcllent.  Inshore  of  these  crest  lines  the  tiecs  bcfiiii,  antl  their  tops,  n  .i.lniu 
.tbove  the  siiniiiiits  of  the  lulls,  inciiMse  their  ap|iarent  height.  The  inshore  slopes  of  the  hills  nc 
coinpaiatively  ;;entlc,  so  that  paths  can  be  eariieil  to  the  lops.  The  total  extent  of  tins  iii,i>mi| 
puililin;;  shapeil  hills  is  about  two  anil  one  tlnril  miles  north  northwest  ami  soiithsonthea^i  In  nin 
mile  ill  width.  Krniii  the  extreme  southeastern  jMiint  the  j^'cneral  directions  of  the  imimh  i.ni' ^ 
northwest  for  t»o  miles,  and  then  noitli  northeast  for  one  and  a  ipiarter  miles.  The  ocean  ii  nut  l:;i> 
several  minor  hea'.'.s  that  are  reeo^ni/.ed  by  pilots  and  navi)iators. 

Till  l.iiihthiiiist  I'oint  is  the  extreme  southeastern  part  ol  the  Cape.  It  is  nearly  halt  .1  milt 
in  extent,  north  northeast  and  south  southwest,  and  two  liundred  and  ci;;lity  sexeii  in  1  .iImui 
»he  sea.  It  was  tbrmerly  spais»Iy  covered  with  trees,  but  these  have  been  cut  awa.\  to  -i\(  tin 
li;;lit  a  free  hon/oii  towards  the  ri\fr.  Tiie  I,i(;hthou.se  is  situated  on  the  extreme  soiiiImiii,  Imi 
not  on  the  lii;.'licst  point  ol  this  part  of  the  Cape. 

.l/cA'('»»:/i'.s  //(<((/  is  the  tirsi    kimb  to  the  northwest,  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile  fioin  llic   ;,,-lit 

liuiise.     It  IS  an  almost  lound  knob,  three  hnmiicd  and  titty  yards  in  extent  and  one  1 ihi>l  unl 

iiinetN  feel  above  the  sea,  coxered   with  ;;rass  and  fein  on  top  and   has  no  trees.     It  is  ,il «i  ^iii 

roiiinlcil  b>  the  sea  except  lor  a  short  distance  on  the  northeast  side  x\  here  it  is  coiiiiciic  il  vmiIi 
the  Cape  b>  a  low,  .sanilv  iicck  covered  w  ith  liiislie.^.  Toxvards  the  Ia;;lil'lioiise  and  tnw.iiiU  tlir 
northxvesi  are  two  low ,  broad  sand  beaches,  upon  which  xvc  have  landed  throu;;h  the  >iin  iii  1 
canoe. 

.\iiitli  Haul  IS  the  extreme  xxesterii  knobof  the  Cap«'.  The  seaward  face  is  a  precipiioiiv  i,i,k;. 
I'litV  behind  winch  is  a  narroxv  area  of  y;rasscovercd  surface,  and  then  the  lirs  cover  tin'  lii^ilicr 
^loiind  which  rises  to  Ixvo  liiindied  and  sevi-nly  feet.  This  is  the  part  of  the  Cape  which  iiim  i  m  •- 
above  the  hoii/.oii  and  it  is  about  half  a  mile  in  extent.  The  seaxxard  dill's  are  very  |aL;'j>'l  hmI 
the  base  bordered  by  small  rock.x  masses.  This  pail  of  IIk- Cape  cuts  otT  the  arc  of  xi>il<>lit\ 
of  the  Li^lil,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  tor  a  .sea  coast  li^ht  the  Li^dit-hou.se  shiMild  liivc  liicii 
jdaci'd  at  this  point.     In  ils  present  positimi  it  was  intended  to  do  duty  for  the  river  al,M> 

The  extremity  of  Noitli  Head  lies  north  sixtx  dej;rees  west  (N.tKP  \V.)oiie  and  tliiee  i|u,w'n> 
miles  from  the  I, i^lit  liou.se.     Its  t;eoniaphical  position  is: 

l.iililiiili- 4'i     IT    .V Ill] 

l.,(iii>;itiiili' I'.'l     I'l     I-"      ""'Nt 

It  had  no  name  at  the  date  of  the  rniteii  Stales  I'^x|t|orin^  I'°,xpe<lition,  l.sll. 

The  inner  shore  of  Cipe  Disappoinlmcnl.  facing;  liakcr's  liay,  xvhicli  is  inside  tlic  iiinnili  of 
the  river,  is  broken  by  julliii;:  rocky  points,  and,  except  immediately  inside  the  east  poini  1  ili' 
Cape,  tlier«'  is  no  loxvxvater  beach. 

From  the  smithxvard,  \xlien  a  vessel  is  oil  Tillamook  Hock  Iii;;ht  house,  Cape  IlisappoiiiiiiHiil 
is  made  as  Ixvo  small,  loxv,  round  lopped  islands,  xvilh  hi;,'h,  xvoodcil  hills  far  to  the  northc;ist  n  iiii 
.\ppioached  from  the  northxvestxvaid.  at  the  ilistance  of  txvelve  or  lifleen  miles,  il  rises  in  sonuuhii 
tlio  same  form,  the  hi;:lier  head  beiiifr  to  the  appumnt  westward.  At  ten  miles,  when  I"  iim:: 
southeast,  a  loiijr,  loxv  line  of  dark  forest  stretches  to  th«  northeast  from  the  Cape  loxvanis  lii-li 
wooded  lulls  inland. 

rroni  Die  xvcst  and  .southwest,  when  the  atmosphere  is  clear,  the  (Jape  apjiears  luojiclcii  -|"'ii 
t4ie  lii;,di  hills  and  nn>uiilaiiis  inside  of  it,  but  the  slifjlitest  haze  or  smoke  inside  of  theCajic  '  in;:' 
it  out  very  dearly,  and  almost  makes  it  appear  as  an  island. 

■.n  bS.'il  we  occupied  an  astionoinical  station  on  tbu  liit^boHt  point  of  the  southcustcrn  i'  nt  uf 


n 
iv 
s 


m 
I 

1: 


,w 


1 1 


I'ACIKIC   COAST   PILOT. 


45' 


'•••li's  1 1 i|„. 

Imiiii  i|  .iii'K 
'i>H',sl>  Im'IiiikI 

t  is  i'iiiii|iii>i'i| 

I   ImIIIiIii  <|    III, I 

iili'il  mill  ivti. 
';:iil.ii  liilliii'U 

•y  l'< >,  .iihl 

111   im.iil.iiU 

I'St   lllli-.    Willi, 

:<'s  .iiiil  111 ,iil> 
liii>lu',>.    Till 

ops,   IC.Iclllll- 

t'  the  lulls  ,11, 
t'  lln.s  :ii,i>s  III 

tllCilsl    ll\    illli 

•  IM't'illl  l.ur  I, 
I't'illllliHIt  l;;|> 

Iv  IimII  .1  null 

'(•II  llTl  ,lllH\f 
iiy  to  t:l\r  lllr 
SOlllllrl  II.   'ill' 

■III  iih'  ;„.iit 

'  liiiinliiil  .iml 
is  ,iliiiM«i  ^111 

lllll'l'll  l|  U  III, 
I  loWMliU  Ihr 
till'  SMI  I    111  .1 

'i|M|OII>  1imK\ 
r  till'  lil;,'licl 
lirli  lll~l  I  M  - 
V  |it.i;'.:ii|  .iinl 
v.  l){  mmI'iIiIv 
1<1  li.ivi'  Inch 

•  al.-Mi 

hri't'  i|ii.ir'ii> 

Ml, 

Hi. 

lllC   llllMltll   I'l' 

I    |H)lllt     ■!    li.i' 

i|i|iiiiii;  iiii'iit 

irtJH'ilsl  »:llil 
ill  soillr"  lull 

vhcii   111. mil:: 

tOWUIli'    lll-li 

riijccli'i!  iipi'ii 

'(';l|ir  '      ly^- 

istcni  1'  I't  '>( 


■I 


H 


tlicCaiM'  hikI  opened  iin  ox  temn  riiiiil  tlieieio  rniiii  the  l>eiieli  in  Huker's  Uay.  The  evening  t<»{,'s, 
lioni  llie  iioitliein  liiiys  iiiiil  \i>\\  lieiiclics  towards  I'oiiit  tiiciiviMe,  sweep  down  over  tlie  Cape  uiul 
cover  il  iiiiiiiediatel.v  al'lersiiii.sft,  so  that  we  were  at  the  Cape  (hiit.v  li\i'  days,  in  .Inly  and  August, 
I  sri  I,  lie  to  re  we  saw  .stars  or  iiukhi.  Wlicii  Ihe.s*- fo^s  do  not  cover  the  ("ape  a  dcn.se  fof^  Honic- 
tiiiies  rolls  down  tiie  iivcr  iiliout  siiiiiise,  enveloping,'  eveiytliinn  liclow  llic  lop  ol'tlie  ('ape,80  that 
the  .siininiit  appears  like  an  i.slet  in  a  sea  of  mist. 

The  isolated  posilion  of  this  headland,  and  the  seaward  face  ol'  Its  hold,  treeless  elill's,  Coriii  a 
peculiar  lealiire  in  the  Ion;;  si  retell  of  low  coast  to  llic  southward  and  norlhward.  And  as  it  is 
liasaltie,  and  presents  an  almost  iron  tront  to  river  and  sea,  it  is  impossilile  iliat  "In  the  memory 
of  many  Cape  Misappointment  has  liecii  worn  away  .some  liiindied  feet  l<\  the  sea  and  strong 
currents  that  run  hy  it."*     Tiiis  lemaili  wasevidentl\  inlemled  to  a|i|il,\  to  I'oinl  Adanus. 

nil';  i.iiiiii  iioi  Si';  us  r.\ri:  i)isAi'i'tiiNrMi;N'i'. 

The  lii^dil  house  is  not  upon  the  lii;:licst  pait  of  the  cape,  Itiit  on  the  pitch  td°  the  sjiiir  whitdi 
iiins  three  hundii'd  and  and  lifly  >  aids  .southwest  l>y  west  thciefiom.  Here  the  ;;r4>iiud  is  altont 
iiiuctylixe  feel  lielow  the  siimiiiil,  and  the  iid;,'e  is  nariow  and  slei'p  towards  the  sea  toth;  .south- 
.Miiitheasl,  and  to  the  uoi'*h  northwest  on  the  land  sidi'. 

'I'lie  tower  is  the  frit.liiiii  of  a  cone  foit\  feet  hi;:h,  painted  w liite,  surmounted  liy  ail  iron 
lialii.strade,  lanlern,  and  dome,  painted  lilaek.  The  keeper's  dwelliii;;  is  not  visilih-  from  the  sea 
or  fiom  the  har.  The  tower  is  pio{eclcd  a;;aiii.s|  the  dark  ^'leeii  trees  liehiiid  it,  and  therefore  it 
shows  well  in  siiiili;;lit  ;  when  it  iteai.'s  iioilli  hy  east  li;dl'  east  (N.  Ii\  K.  .j  Iv)  it  shows  in  a  notch 
of  the  trees.  I'd  the  eastward  on  the  hi;;liei  siiniiiiit  there  are  two  or  three  trees  which  in  a  dark 
day  would  look  like  toweis  al  a  distance. 

A I  lout  a  hundred  yards  to  the  eastward  of  tin  !j;;lit  house  is  a  small  wooden  liiiihlin;;,  painted 
a  dark  lead  enloi  ;  it  is  ijiiile  iiicoiispieiioii.s  fioin  the  water.  It  is  thi'  I'.  S.  Si^'iial  Service  station, 
and  from  a  tall  mast  near  it  storm  si^'iials  aie  displaced  to  warn  mariners  of  approaehiii;;  heavy 
weatlu'i. 

The  liiKliI  IS  (I  tiiid  irliilf  llijlil  of  the  lirst  order  of  the  s.xsli  in  of  I'resnel;  it  was  tirsi  cxhiliited 
on  the  '..">lli  of  (teliilici,  |.s,"((i,  and  shows  from  sunset  to  sunrise. 

Althoii^di  the  liiiiils  ul  iliearcof  vi.silijlitv  ol  ilie  li;;lil  are  from  north  .seM'iity  one  decrees 
cast  (N.  71  Vj.)  loiiiid  liy  the  south  and  west  loiioith  nineteen  d<';;iees  west  (N.  Ill  W.).  yet  it 
(oiiimands  the  sea  hoii/on  I'm  alioiil  one  Inindi  ed  and  lolly  four  d<  ^ict  .<>  only  ;  thai  i>  tiom  south 
east,  close  to  the  lireakeis  niidwa.v  lictween  I'oinl  Adams  and  Tillamook  Ilead.iouml  liy  the  south 
and  west  to  northwest  l>y  west  one  )|iiarter  west,  where  it  is  shut  out  liy  the  North  Head,  so  ihal 
vessels  coining'  Irom  the  northward  can  not  see  the  l.i^lit  until  they  are  nearly  in  the  latitude  of 
the  river. 

The  liase  of  the  towt'i'  is  one  liiiiidied  and  iiineiN  two  feet  alio\e  tht^  mean  level  of  the  .sea,  and 
llie  focal  plane  is  two  hundred  and  tlilrt.\  two  Icel.so  that  under  favorable  fjiidilions  of  the 
atmosphere  the  ll;;ht  .should  lie  seen  from  a  hei;.dit  of — 

III  li'i'l  III  a  •lisiiiiii'i'  III'  '.>l.ii  inilcH. 

•Jil   Iril  al  a  ilislaiiii  nl  '.".'.."•  iiiIIi'h. 

:ill  11  1  I  al  a  iliNtaii.i'  nf 'j;!.?  mill's. 

i;il  III  I  al  .1  ilislaiiri'  III' -.'r..:!  iiiili'N. 

The  geographical  position  ol  the  Light,  as  determiiietl  l»y  the  V.  S.  Coast  and  fiecMletio  Sur- 
vey, is : 

l.aliliiili' Ill     li'    •J.s  .11  iioiiti. 

Liiii-iliiili' I-.'I     ii:l    II  .;i  wi'Hl. 

fir    ill   I  inn- "'•  Hi'"  l'.'".s. 

Ill  dai:  lary.  l.'^.S'i,  the  magnetic  variation  was  L'l  ^  IT'  east,  with  a  y«'arly  increase  of  L".2. 

On  the  lieacli  in  Itaker's  Hay.  iust  inside  of  the  Cape,  there  is  a  great  deal  of"  ISIaek  Sand,"  or 
iiiagni  ti<;  oxide  of  iron,  in  line  particles  w  ith  a  lew  small  llakes  of  gold  among  it.  This  blaek  sand 
(iiHised  a  loeal  distiirltanee  of  the  mitgnetie  variation  amounting  to  _(>'._,  the  variation  being  less 
by  that  amount  than  the  deelination  we  foniid  «in  the  summit  of  the  Cape  in  IS'tl;  similar  results 
were  ob.served  in  IST.'I. 

The  Foil  hell  at  Cape  IHKapjiointmrnt  was  <lise(mtinin'd  September  1,1SSI,  be(;au8e  it  could  not 
be  heard  when  a  vessel  was  ap|)i'oacliing  the  bar. 

•  L'liiliiil  .Slati's  l-..\i>l<>iiiij^  KxiK'tlitioii,  ISIl. 


f. 


m 


m 


f 


isi^ 


'ft 


^<...J^ 


466 


I'AClKir    COAST   PILOT. 


I,i;;lit8  iumI  Tiilin  of  llio  World,"  Itj  .laini-B  liiiiay  iS:  Son,  to  1 SST), »lo»'8  not  iiotict-  il> 


tiniiHiM'f, 


Froiii  Caiic  l>isiii)i>oiiitmciit  liiKlit-lioiiKi*  wi>  have  tlic  fulluwiiig  hoariiigs  aiitl  ilistanci 


h  mil 


im- 


portant points: 


('il|ir  itil'ord   I.inlil-liiiiiHC    S.  Il'i^     K. 

Cai'i'  <iic'j;Mi>  l,ii;liMi{>nM' S.  1^      K. 

^ll•||>iMa  lliiiil-  I. It; III  liiHiw S.  an    K. 


•.'IN      1,1, 1.H. 

ITi'i^  iiiili'i. 
!1i    iiiiliH. 


TillaiiiiHik  liiM  k   l.iulil'liMiiM- 


Mi 


.'I 


ill 


i'miit    Aihiiii-  I. Infill  Ik 


From  till'  Sortli  Iliad  ol  Capo  Di.sappoiiitiiu'iit  \vi>  ^'ivi-  tlu'  I'ollowiiij;  iM-arin^s  an<l  ilisi m. 


to  tilt'  iiortli\var<l: 


('lipr    SjioillvMlIir   l.inllllliilisr    N 


liraN'N  lltiiliiir.  |irii|iiiM'il  Lit'litlnMiM.    . 
lii'Mlnii'linii  I>laiiil.  |iri<|i<>M'il  l.i^lit  liiin>. 


N.  •.'•;  w. 


1:1  w 


a^);ril  Nli'l  ami  Carrnll  limk.  iirar  ('a|><'  .luhiiwiii. 


N\  ;1T    VV. 


'.Tl  llllll'N. 

'X>  tllllCN. 

"il  lllillH. 

lll.'i  iiiiliN. 


Ill- 1.1 


From  Tap*'  Ortonl  to  ("apt-  IM.sappointiiu'iit  tin-  t'.\t«'nt  ot  ocean  shore  line,  not  lollowi 
many  intiicate  t  iirviii(;H,  is  two  liumlri'il  ami  li^lit.v  live  miles. 

On  tlic  ITtli  ot  .\ii;:ust,  ITT."),  Don  Hniiio  tie  lleeeta,  eommanilin^  tin-  fri^fate  Sautiaiii' 
Ills  two  Nt'ssels),  sa\s  tiiat  lit' saw  '■  niia  liot'a  tpie  se  llanioilv  la  Asnneion,  o  entiaila  tie  llt'i'ciii.  lie 
tailed  to  enter  it  tin  aceoiint  t>r  };reat  eonttii'tin^;  enrrents  wliieli  eanseil  liim  to  liellevf  tli;ii  :  vva> 
tlie  liroad  nioiitli  of  some  larp*  river,  or  tlie  strait  wliicli  (;a\e  it  jtassa;;)-  tliroii;;li  ti<  iln  ^i.i. 
He  plai'fd  liimself  in  tNNcntv  I'onr  I'atiioms  of  water  between  the  two  capes,  which  he  naiinil  >,iii 
liiHpu-  and  l-'ioiidosii,  .\  ciitical  examination  of  the  maniiseript«text,  and  knowh-d^M-  ni  iii,- 
appearances  of  the  hcatllamls  wliicii  stand  out  prominentlv  to  one  who  is  maUiiiu  the  i.>im, 
leaves  no  doiilit  in  nni  mind  that  he  referretl  to  Cape  Disapptiintnu'nt  as  tht^  Calio  San  l:<ii|iii, 
and  to  Tlllaiiiook  Head  as  tiie  Calio  l'°rondoso.  In  the  position  which  he  held,  and  frotn  w  Im  h  In- 
had  to  escape  on  account  of  the  stion;:  enrrents,  he  conhl  not  have  lieen  nearer  the  shmi--  ili.m 
six  miles,  and  lie  would  not  have  noted  the  low  and  comparativtdv  unimportant  I'oiiii  Ail.iiii>. 
lie  placed  Cajie  San  i;o<|Ue  in  latilinle -ttP  17'. 

Meares.  in  tli(>  ship  \oitlkii,  arrived  otV  the  <'ape  and  loninl  iImi  a 


On  the  tith  of  .liilv. 


n  "  piodi^ioii.s  ea.'terly  swell  lolled  on  the  8ln»re,"  and  he  Initl  sonniliiiK-'*  in  sixteen  f,ithoiii> 'm  1  .1 
hard  sands  liuitom.  "After  wv  had  louinled  fiie  jiromontorx  a  larye  Itay.  as  we  had  iiiii-iiml, 
ojiened  to  oiii  \iew,  that  liort^  a  very  proinisin^;  .ip]iearance,  and  into  which  we  steered  wiili   -\in 


enconra^^iii},'  expectation. 


As  he  steered  into  this  hay  '' the  water  shoaled  to  nine,  ei;;li  ,11 


Kcvcn  latlioiiis,  when  breakers  were  seen  ri";lil  ahead,  and,  from  the  mast-head,  they  were  oli>>-n 


to  extend  across  the  hav.     We  therefnie  hanletl  tmt. 


The  name  Cape  HisappoiMiiin  nt 


was  ;;i\cii  to  the  promontory,  and  the  hay  obtained  the  tilh*of  iK'eejition   I>ay."     l>y  an  imhl 
ierent  observation  he  placed  it  in  lat untie  ID    10'. 

It  was  called  Cape  Hancock  by  tiray  early  in  1792,  .iinl  theeidranct»  jilacetl  in  latitnde  Hi    li 
He  chanjicd  this  name  to  Cape  Dis.ippoiiitment  nptm  hearin;;  that  Meares  hail  so  named  ii. 

\'ancon\er  continued  the  name  Cape  Disappointment  and  placed  it  in  latitude  li>  I'l  Tlir 
name  was  aiMt  retained  by  Uelcher  in  'iS.i!»,  and  by  the  l-nited  Staten  Kxplorin^r  Fxpedinun  m 
isil.     Diillot  de  Mofias  (LSI I)  calls  it  Cape  San  Koque  on  Di.sappointnu'nl. 

It  was  calleil  Cape  Hancock  (U  Di.sappolntment  at  the  (irst  examination  of  the  eiilr.iin  >  to 
the  river  in  IS.'iO,  and  the  name  llaneoek  subseqneiitly  in  a  seeondary  manner  on  the  Linlii  li  m.-i 
List,  lint  the  name  Disappointment  is  that  nseil  on  the  otlicial  charts  and  by  all  navi},'ators. 

The  Indian  name  of  the  Cajw  is  Kali'  I'ese. 

TIIK    IIAK    AND    KNTRANlE   TO   TIIE   rOH'MHIA   HIVEH. 
The  ontranee  to  the  Colnmbia  Hiver  is  a  little  over  five  miles  wide  between  the  nearest  i     n 


of  Cajie  Disaiipointmeiit  and   Point   Adams,  whiidi  bear 


northwest  bv  west  ami  .sonllieasi  I' 


from  each  other.  iJiit  the  narrowest  part  of  the  river  month  in. side  of  Cape  Disappointmeii;  > 
iM'tween  Point  Adams,  abreast  of  Fort  Stevens,  and  the  rocky  spur  .jntliiif,'  Irom  ScarboiimJi 
Hill,  where  the  width  is  almo.st  exactly  three  niilcH  and  the  bcariiif,'  north  ten  and  a  half  de^m- 
ea.st  (N.  lor  r..). 

lleeeta  called  the  entrance  Asnneion  Hay ;  or  i»o.ssibly  tlie  strait  futm  a  fjreat  river.  VancoiiM  r 
called  it  an  Inlet  to  a  bay  or  small  river;  and  subsetjuently  UronKlitou  refers  to  the  lower  rea.  i--* 
of  the  river  hh  a  Stnind. 


I'Acikk;  c(»ast  i-r-ri. 


457 


Uriiatl  otr  tilt'  liiif  joiiiiii|r  <'a|M-  I)isa|i|iiiiiittiii-iit  Hiiii  INiiiit  Ailaiiis  tlirn*  jh  an  ii'n*Kiili»' 
si'iiiii'iiciilai  liiiiik  (i>rhar)orHlijf'liii;;saiMlslyiii<;  aliiiiil  I'o  it  tnilrs  out  at  tlii'  liiiiitsor  liM>  tatlioiim; 
ami  iiisl  iiisitU*  ol  tins  liiii-,  anil  aliniil  halfway  rimii  llii'  (ape  to  I'niiit  Aiiaiiis,  tliiTc  is  a  Naiiily 
shiial,  a  Hiiiall  pnrtjon  nl'  wliirli  is  alMivi<  water  at  tin-  lii;:lirst  llilts  anil  Is  kniiwti  as  Saiiil  Islanil. 
Tlii'iv  isalwa.vHiiiii',  anil  generally  iiiiii'i*  than  iini',  iiiaiii  passage  tlii'iiii;:li  thi'si-  sainly  nlistrurtiniis, 
iliviiling  thfin  in  Hi'vi-ral  parts  to  wliirli  scparati' naiiit-s  ai'«^  applii-il.  Clatsup  Spit  is  that  |iart 
ri'Mchiiij;  out  rniin  I'liint  Ailanis  ;  Pisirork  Spit  is  the  saiitly  shnal  ;;i'iiri'all;.  rnniii'rtfil  with  ('ap« 
IMsappointni<-nl  ;  whilst  tin-  oiitrriiiiist  riiiM'  of  this  liaiiK  is  Known  as  the  Mitlilli-  Saiiils.  \Vhrn 
tlifi'u  ai'f  two  main  i;liaiini-ls,  they  are  ealleil  the  Noitli  ami  the  South  (.Ihaniiel.  SotnetimeH  tliesv 
rhaiinels  ilixiile  to  the  easlwaiil  of  Sanil  IslamI,  the  North  Channel  leading  oi.t  north  of  that 
olisti'iii'tion  anil  lii't  ween  the  I'eai'oek  S|)ii  ami  the  Miilille  Samis,  the  lattei  liein;;  at  siieh  times 
coniieeteil  with  SamI  IslamI  ;  the  South  Cliaiiiiel  leails  out  lielweeii  Sanil  Islanil  ami  tlii^  Clatsop 
Sjiit,  ami  tliem-e  eiirs  in^  to  the  soiitliwanl  liet  ween  the  latter  ami  the  Miihlle  .''amis.  When  these 
I'll, mm  Is  iliviile  to  the  westwaril  of  Sanil  l>laiiil  the  North  <'liannel  sepaiates  the  Miihlle  Kanils 
fiiiiii  Sanil  IslamI  ami  from  the  I'laeoek  Spit  ;  whilst  the  South  Channel  makes  its  wa,\,  as  liefore, 
lietween  the  Clatsop  Spit  ami  the  .Miihlle  Sanils.  When  there  is  liiit  one  ehaniiel  the  MiililU-  Saml.s 
proper  is  eiit  in  two,  the  .southern  part  lieiii};  joineil  to  the  ('latsop  Spit,  ami  the  northern  to  tlio 
Tearoek  Spit  ;  Saml  IslamI,  at  siii'h  tiiiies,  is  pilnIii-iI  well  over  to  the  mirthwaril  towarils  liaker'.s 
Hay,  anil  may  ili.sappear  allii};i'tlier,  as  we  know  it  iliil  irit  exist  at  the  time  of  I>roii;;liton'M 
Survey.  The  numerous iletaileil  siirveystliat  haxe  lieen  niaile  of  the  entrance  ami  the  approaehes 
at  ilill'erent  times  provei'oni'liisi\'ely  the  ^fieat  i'han;;es  eonstantly  in>'n\ti  on  in  the  ehannels  anions; 
tliesliiials,  ami  in  the  position  of  the  shoalH. 

Diirinji  heavy  weathei',  ami  espeeially  in  winter,  the  sea  lueaks  with  terrilie  fury  from  tlui 
mii'thwest waril  of  Cape  IHsappointmeiit  ronml  the  outline  of  the  outer  •;ri'at  shoals  ami  aeriLsa 
the  bar  well  to  the  southwaril  ol  I'oiiu  Ailams.  Few  plaees  present  a  seene  of  more  wihliiesis 
than  this  Utua,  enrveil  line  of  lireakers  ;  when  the  fury  of  the  storm  is  .somewhat  spent  the 
cliaiini'ls  aie  the  lirst  to  smooth  ilown,  ami  then  tlie  Itreakers  on  either  liaiiil  are  ^oml  means  for 
marking  the  line  uf  ileepest  water.  When  thi!  sea  is  wholly  smooth  there  is  not  a  breaker  to  bu 
seen  on  the.> ,.  aU'st  s]>ot,  anil  the  passable  aeross  the  bar  I'an  be  known  only  by  i'an;;i's  ami  buoys. 
The  approai'h  to  the  entram-e  is  now  markcil  liy  a  larue  whistling'  buoy,  ami  thenee  the  bars  ami 
the  eliaiini'ls  are  markeil  not  only  iiiio  the  river  but  lor  nini'ty  miles  to  I'ortlaial. 

The  currents  are  ver\  stionj;  ami,  insiile  the  onler  shoals,  very  iriej^iilar  ami  contlictin;;.  In 
IS.'il,  when  oil' Saml  IslamI,  we  measureil  the  strength  of  tlieebb  current,  ami  foiiml  it  nearly  live 


ami  a  half  miles  per  ho 


In  IS(i.'<,  when  the  ciiannel  was  much  w  iiler  ami  ileeper,  the  ob.servations 


of  the  (7oast  ami  (ieoiletic  Survey  showeil  a  maximum  velocity  of  only  three  ami  fourtenths  miles 
per  hour  near  tim  same  posit  ion. 

A  series  of  ob.servalion,s  was  then  niaile  to  show  the  direction  ami  xelocily  of  the  current 
iliiriii^M-ai'li  iiuarter  of  the  ebb  ami  lloml  t'roin  the  bar  to  .\>.toiia.  Theie  are  .several  ;;'em'rali/.atioiis 
tlierefroin  that  are  of  interesl.  These  obscrx  atioiis  show,  firstly,  thai  in  the  main  channel  there 
was  no  shu-k  water  at  tlu^  i'han;,'e  of  liiles  from  llooil  to  ebb;  sei'omlly,  that  oil'  tic-  ei.lrance  to  tiie 
then  north  chaujiel  the  ina\imuin  velocity  of  the  llooil  was  two  miles  per  hour,  ami  the  maxiniiiin 
vi'locily  of  the  I'lib  two  ami  three  teiil  lis  miles;  in  the  norlli  channel  the  maximum  velocity  of 
llie  llooil  was  two  ami  one  hal'  miles,  ami  of  Ihe  ebb  two  ami  seven-tenths  miles  per  hour,  .\boiit 
a  mileeast  warilof  ('ape  Disappointment  an  ebb  curreiil  of  foiiraml  foiirtenthsniiles  wasmeasnreil; 
ami  al  one  mile  east  of  Saml  IslamI  the  llooil  ran  one  ami  one  half  miles  per  hour  ami  the  « bit 
four  miU's.  While  it  is  ii.seless  !o  point  out  the  force  ami  ilirectioii  of  the  currents  in  the  river 
troiii  the  bar  to  Astoria  from  that  yi-ar's  work,  yet  the  forejioin;;  li;;iire;',  show  clearly  the  f^reater 
velocity  of  the,  ebb  current  over  the  llooil.  This  ilepeinls  upon  the  uieater  volume  of  water 
|iaNsin}{  out  on  the  ebb  current;  it  is  corroborateil  bv  the  fact  that  tliiriufi  June,  the  .season 
of  freshets,  ]iotable  water  can  betaken  up  for  the  use  of  vessels  at  Ihe  bar. 

i'ltlumliin  J\'ipif  :  current  to  the  northwaril. 

The  Daviil.son  Inshore  Edily  Current  iminediiitely  northwaril  of  the  Columbia  Kiver  i.s  mani- 
fested by  the  fact  that  nine  out  often  buoys  that  ;:et  adrift  oil' the  Columbia  Kiver  };o  ashore  <ui 
the  outsiile  iibreast  Oysterville,  Shoalwatei  Hay.  One  went  to  the  (Jnillihnte  Kiver,  one  hundreil 
and  tivo  miles, 

This  IS  further  shown  by  the  remarkable  drift  of  the  lar^e  niinbiioy.  No.  1,  painted  black,  from 
the  IJiir  of  the  Columbia  Kiver  to  the  shores  of  Ahwka.     This  buoy  broke  Iroin  its  imn>rin},'s  at  the 


m 

? 

41 


yil 


'1  m 


4.".s 


•ACIKU'    «'i»AM'    I'll.ul 


'Mil        !  <:&      ' 


■:    ('I'll 


I  Mi.i:  fiMi^i 


liiir  ill  .l.iiiiiarv,  IHHt>.  |(  was  iif\l  si'i-ii  on  the  L'ltli  ol' .liiiir  m  Ihc  SImIiUhII  Sii.iii, 
Kaili.ik  iMlaiitl  iiiiil  tlif  pciiiiiNiila  ol'  Alaskii.  On  tlif  'Jtitli  ntJiitif  il  w.is  |iiiki'i|  ii|i  Its  th, 
Al  hi  ill  lalilmlt'  r*!  -I'  imrtli  aiitl  l<iii;.'itiiilt>  IM  '  l.'r  \\fn{,  uliniii  ijltiTii  milrs  .sniitl 
I'tntii  till' iiioiitli  III' tilt'  Karliik  Itixi'i.  <tii  llii- LMtli  nl  .liint' it  liail  lui  n  snii  aliniii  ten  piil. 
soiitliui'st  riiiiii  till-  Kailiik.  Il  hail  ri<iiic  tliriiii;,'li  ilit-  r«tniit  rimii  ilir  ihm  ilii'astw.n,!  .,,  i  ||,|,| 
liavrli'il  lifti'i'ii  mill's  in  twi.  il,i\'!.  Assiiiiiintr  tlii-  liimy  In  Ikim- liroKin  liniii  its  iiiihui,.:-.  .I,,,, 
II. lis  III  .iinl  ti>  liiM'  tiilliiwi'il  till'  ;.'i'iii'ial  tii'iiil  ul'  tin-  riia>t,  it  must  Ii.im'  ii.imIiiI  nut  1<  .s  ili.,,, 
lil'triMi  liiiiiiliril  anil  t'lirtx  iiiiir>  Ul  oiir  liiiiiilii'il  anil  si\t.\  M'M'ii  ila\s,  III  an  a\ria;;i' III  iDiii' ii.ii,^ 
a  <la.v. 


'I'lir  roast   I'ljilx  riirii'iil,  nl  littiii.ll  ilnl't,  in  tlii'  \  iriiiit.N  <it'  lliw  i  im  r,  iiiuM".  tn  llic  n 


III :  lirti'xt 


wanl  rinse  almi:,' till' sliorr,  \  ar\  iiil;  III  w  nitli  anil  strrii;rlli    arriiiilin.L:   in  tin'   |iii'\  ailin;;   mi.iiIu 
On  till'  I.'mIi  lit'  Ma>,  |sii<.).  thr  liinis  un  tlir  sniilli  I'lnl  nl  tin'  Miilillr  Sainls  wi'iii  ailiit'i,  aiiii 
Inn  III  I  nil  till'    lalli  nt    .llll\   at  ('ajir  <  'nnk,  Nain'nilM'l'  Islaiiil.  in  latitinlr  "ill    di',  liin;:ill|i|i'  I,' 
tliii'i' liiinilii'il  ami  l'ni't\   iniirs  ilistaiit.      It  was  ltaill,\  imlriitril  ami  a|i|irairil  In  liavi   Imi   i 
IllMrll  Inr  .SKlili'  tllni'. 

In  III'  alinnt  Mrtnlti'i.    is'il,   tlirir    was  ili.sriix  crnj  niii'   inili>   iioitli   nt'  tlii>  ('ii|iali.s   I;imi  :|i, 


Il  «, 


.11  tl 


wiinlr  sti'l'll  liaini' III' tlir  |iln|M'lli'l'  (ii  m  nil  Wiliiril,  wliirli  hail  lirrli  wrri'ki'il  nn  Clatsiip  >|. 
tli.in  tun  vi'ai's  |iri'\  iiin>l,\ ,  has  in;;  licrii  r.iriiril  lis  tlir  |iri'\  ailiiii;  liltnral  I'linrnl  at  h  i- 
mill's  t'lnin  Its  iii'i;:inal  |in.sitiiiii  arniratrls  ili'ti'iniint'il  !■>  th*'  Ciia.sl  Siii'vi',\  in  is.'C,  sslnn  i' 
litlh'iiinii'  than  a  iiiilr  trnni  rniiit  .\ilanis. 


!\l\ 


Tills  ilii'i'ct inn  ami  iiiiivciiii'nt  III' till'  iii.sliini'  i-ihlv   rniit'iit   i.s  vstalili.shiMl  l>\  iiiiirh  r  innil.iii 


I'viil 


t'Vlilrlirr. 


'I'hi'si'   stmii;,'   ami  iniitin'tin;;  rniii'iil>,   tin'    hrix.s    .sssrll,   ami    tlir  >anils    Imtinin  ni  'I  >  li, 
rhaiiiii'N,  ami  a|i|iin.n'lirs,  rnmliiiir  tn  ssnik  sssil'l  ilrsti  iirtmn  u|iiin  a  sr.ssi'l  sshirli   is  stiapi|i<l 


thf  ontsiih',   ami   al.sii  in   ,i  littli'  Irss  ili'i;ii'i'  smIIi  llinsi-  that   l.il.r  thr  ^niiiml  inslil 


I'.      A   \. 


vri.s  Minn  liinki'ii  n|i,  ami  ilis,i|i|i('ar.s  in  a  feu  ila.v.s.     It  is  ilnnlilliil  if  any   M'.sm'I  sva.s  rsn    sisiil 
alter  hriii;,'  mi  tin'  niiti'i  .samls. 

Whrii  nil  till'  riitranri-  ill  tiiir,  I'Irar  ssi'athrr,  thr  lii-aiitirnl  .simsi  peak  nl'  Mniiiit  Si  liilin^ 
shnvs  s  IIS  II'  till'  InsM'st  part  III' till'  llitrl  inr  III  tin*  ;,'rnrl.ll  lilir  nl'  I  hi'  <  'nlliinlila  li'ls  i  r  s  alli  S .  1 1  |i 
vi'i'v  i'i'<:iil.ir  in  niitlinc  ami  pii'.srnt.s  a  ps  ramnlal  appraiamr,  haviiij;  tin*  lia.sc  npial  in  i-ilhii    nlr. 


It 


IS  nvrr  .si'VflltS    ll\i'  Il 


lli'S  til  till'  castssaiil   nt'  tin-  rlitranrr  In   tin    lisri',  ami  its  lirijlit 


I-.  I'.lir 


tliiiiisaiiil  niiu'liiiniliril  ami  ninety  Iniir  feet.     The  iiiniiiitain  is  vnliaiiie,  ami  oeeasiniialls  iliM'liai;.'i.s 
Viillllni'S  III'  .siiinke. 

Whrii  this  inniilitain  shnsvs  ns  rr  rmiit  .\ilailis,  Toilf,'lie  I'nilit  is  8i'rli  iimli'l' its  Irl't  li.nil,  :  .iitil 
rmir  iliaiinti'is  til  tiie  li-hl  i>  sitii  tlie  hall' ssnnileil  ('n.\eniiili  Hill,  n\rr  the  I'liiiit  Ail.iiis  l,!::lil 
house.  Wi'lltnthe  snnlh\saiil  is  stTii  Sailille  .Mniintain,  anil 'i'lllainnnk  lleail  iiisiile  nt  tl.i' l.iiiit 
outline  III' r.ipi' |''ali-iin.  'rhi'liii;;lit  ^^leeii  pati'li  on  Seal  lioron};li  Hill  is  seen  well  tn  the  neilli 
.'».stwaiil.  iml  the  Nnitli  lle.nl  nl  Cape  I lisappoiutiueiit  is  the  limit  ol'tlie  land  viesv  tnss  nil-lin 
uortli. 

Vancouver  iiauit'il  Mount  St.  Helens  in  l"l>2. 


INSIDE  THE  COLUMBIA   RIVER 

.SV()(./  Ishiiiil — This  liisv,  samly  islainl  is  the  viHible  »laii},'ei'  in  the  niiiltlle  nf  the  enii 


I. .11  III 


the  riser.  It  lies  jnsiile  the  line  joining  Point  Adams  ami  <"ape  IHsappointim  nt.  In  l"^!!  ii  ".is 
alnin.st  aliieast  ol  I'niiit  Ailains  and  less  than  one  third  the  wiiltli  of  the  riser  t'loiii  the  pmii'.  In 
l.S.-di  it  had  iiinved  a  little  .seassaril,  and  was  I'arthei  t'rniii  Pnint  Adams.  In  l.Sii.S  it  ssas  iiiiii  iimi 
hall' way  aeinss  tii<'ape  Di.sappointiiieiit  Imt  inside  the  hue.  In  IS.Sii  it  had  taken  a  slia|ii  liL<  i 
linonieran;;  with  one  point  a  mile  and  a  ipiarter  east  nt'  the  Cape  and  en  the  same  paiallil.  .li.il 
the  nihil  point  lieiit  lip  the  nver  and  three  iiiih's  northwest  rroiii  l''nit  Steseiis. 

It  is  aliont  tsvo  miles  Ion;;  and  has  an  asera^e  svidtli  of  nearly  t'niir  hnndied  \aiils.  I'mii 
sists  nl  Innse  .saml  laisid  a  tew  teet  alinve  the  rueraiid  eoveu'd  u  illi  stranded  tiee.s,  ill  li  'Jn 
ete..  Iii'niieht  ilnwii  liy  the  Ireshels.      Foiiiieily  the  North  Cliaiiiiel  rail  iiround  the  iioriln.i  '     'I' 

of  this  i.-laml,  lint  llieshnal  I'lniii   its  nni  the, ist  side  has  hpieail  inwards  the  ('liinnok  M I.  v..iirli 

al.-o  has  lies  elnped  tnssaiils  Sand  Island,  and  nnw  there  in  passap'  way  Inr  only  nine  ni  ii  Ini 
nt'  water  ill  plaee  of  four  fathoni.s.  The  main  ehaniiel  of  the  river  pa.s.ses  elo.se  under  thr  nili 
Hide  nf  S.iml  Island  and,  striking  the  great  Middle  Sauds,  it*  divided,  one  part  iiioviiiK'  tn  tin  niji 
and  the  other  to  the  uurtLweMt. 


I'ACIKK"    COAHI'    I'lLdT. 


4r)!> 


Tlifiv  is  ;»  l)ciicoii  liiiilt  ii|hiii  tliis  isliind  to  iillnnl   i'iiii;;i'H  Im  vi'sncIm.     Ihiiiiiu  lliv  llsliiii;; 


!i  <•  iiniil.itnr 


It  Si,  IMmis 

lilllrU  1 1  w 
•  I  «'llllll  .nil-, 
t'i'^li!  I-.  i'.lic 
l\  cliM'liMl;.'!  s 

■|  II. ml,  :  .iiiil 

Lll.lll:s   |,l;,'||| 

I-  ol  \\.r  lilllit 

I)    til.'    Iicllll 

lll«    lIlN  (111- 


'  rill  1.1(1  III 
I  l>'l  1  i;  n,i> 

!(■  |ili|ll!.       Ill 
I.S   lllnti    :iMII 

isli.i{>i   Irlvi'  J 
laiMJlt'l.  ,iiii| 


'  S«')l- 


<>iiiiii>> 


-.nil  llii-if  iii'c  Niiiiii'tiiiicH  lift  larkHtunl  otlirc  tciii|Mirar,\  liuili|jii;;.siin  Saml  l>laiiil  I'ni  tlit'  arc 
ilaliiiii  ol'  ti.HluMiiit'it. 

liiiLrr's  /,•,()/.— Til  iN  is  thi'iliip  ifccssitiii  of  llic  HJiorr  to  tin- iiortliwaiil  ol'Siinl  iNJaiiil  iM'twcni 
till'  i'\tii'tiiit>  of  ('api'  hi.sa|i|Miii'|iii('iit  ami  Cliiiiook  I'miit.  Tlit-  vM.sltin  .slmrc  ol'  lliis  lia.v  is  llio 
ruHt  side  of  ijic  <"a|H'  Im  immiIv  tjini' iiilirs  in  a  (jciicral  iioillicrl.x  iliicctioii;  iliciict'  llii'  slioio 
>\M'('|>s  lo  till' iM.stwanl  ami  soiitlira.si ward  I'or  six  iiiilcs  to  rjijnool,  I'omt.  'I'lic  lain-f  stirlcli  of 
shoii' IS  low,  lioidt'icd  liN  <'\|i'iisj\i'  iiiai.vjii's,  and  rcrcivcs  tlir  wati-is  ol  tlio  W'allaciit  and  llii< 
Cliiiiook  Hivcrs.  Tlir  Widlatiil  l.'ivcr  (Wal  la  kliiil)  ciilns  at  I  lie  noitiit'niino.st  hind  ol'  Die  hay 
NJMin';  il  is  a  smiuII  slii'ain  coininu  tliiiMi;:li  niarsln-s  from  tlir  din-ition  ol'  Slioalwalii  liav,  wliicli 
il  very  ikmiIn  rrailics.  'I'jic  rhin.iok  j.'ixri  i  Wap  jia  loo  rlirc)  cntiTs  two  injli-s  lailluT  lo  tin- 
laslw.iid;  It  lias  moic  tlir  cliaiatli  r  ol  a  .sImi^Iii  lliitf  or  font  mill's  Ion;;,  '{"lie  nortli  sln>i<'  of 
llakri's  ila.v  and  tin-  >oiitli  sliotc  ol  Slioalwalt't  !>a,v  ate  only  lliicc  and  a  <|iiai'ti'r  iiiih's  ajiart,  and 
till'  land  Ix-twci'ii  tlii'iii  is  i|iiil('  low  altlioii;:li  di'ti.'iid,\    wtiodcd  and  malted  witli  tliirk  iiiidi'iiiriisli. 


llakri's  Hay  was  roriiinly  a  dri'ii  and  ra>il\   .ii'its.siIpIi'  liaihor  with  a  (iiir  aiirliora;;^  and  | 


iro- 


tictioii  clo.sc  iiiidiT  til*-  eastern  sliori'  or«'a|ie  I  >isa|i|iointiiieiit.  The  main  ship  eliaiinel  passed 
elose  under  the  Tape,  and  well  into  I'.akei's  I'.a.v,  eai  i>  iii^  si\  ana  seven  I'allioiiis,  and  at  ilsslioiilest 
part  lint  less  than  three  and  a  hall'  ra»Ii.>iiis.  In  |S.",1  Sand  Island  la\  nearer  Point  Adams  than 
llie  Tape,  l)iit  it  has  ;;iailiiall\  worked  to  the  iioi  lliw  aid  and  a  litthi  westvvard  until  il  has  coin 
plelely  lilorked  iip  I'.akei's  I'.ay,  and  the  <"  iniHik  Spit  is  joined  to  the  eastern  side  of  the  island. 
The  mirtliwest  point  of  the  islaml  is  now  ad\aiieed  so  I'ai  into  Hakei's  Itay  as  to  Ite  to  the  north, 
ward  of  the  point  of  the  Cape.  To  naliii.il  eaiise.'^  for  shoaliii;;  the  l>ay  have  lieuii  added  artitUual 
olistriietioiis  in  the  shape  ol   lai;;e   niimliers  of  lish  ti.ips. 

Inside  the  l)a\  the  principal  oli)ert  of  note  to  the  iiavi;,'atoi  was  ••  l.titiliiiy  in  liliiff"  vvliieli  is 
a  roeky  elilf  of  moileiate  hei;;ht  one  ami  three  ipiaiteis  miles  noiih  one  third  \vest(N.  ,',  U.)  fntiii 
the  easternmost  part  ot'  theCape  and  in  i.iii^e  with  it  when  iiileiili;:  liy  the  Soiitii  t'liannel;  lint 
as  the  liar  has  i'haii;;ed  it  ■  posiiion  tins  raii^e  is  not  now  .ivail.ilile.  Iiiiiiiedia;el,\  inside  the  ('a[)e, 
III  llieeo\e  with  l<iu°  slioics  and  a  sand  lieiwli,  are  the  houses  and  liarraeks  of  the  military  stivtioii 
known  as  l''oil  Canliy.  and  the  houses  for  the  l.iylit  house  keepers  and  I.ile  saving'  Serviee.  A 
\ery  siilistaiitial  wharf  is  Imili  here. 

.Inst  to  the  W4'stwaid  of  Lead'n;,'  in  liliitV  is  the  waterin;,'  place  known  as  llwaeo,  a  thriviii;,' 
settlement  with  a  laiye  cannery.  There  is  a  load  Icadiii;:  lliron^'h  the  lorests  to  the  ;;ieat  Miiml 
lieacli  north  of  Cape  Disappoiiitineiit  and  locally   known  as  the  Weather  Meai'li. 

ijfi  sariiKj  Slutiiiii  —.V  tiist  class  lite  sa\  iiiir  >latioii,  with  crew  alwa.vs  on  diit\,  is  eslalilished 
III  I'lakei's  11, ly  on  a  w  half  adjoiniiii;  the  iiiililaiv  whart. 

Iiakei'<  r.iiy  was  naincil  by  liioti^'htoii  in  I7!l-      In  I.SO."»-'tl  Lewis  and  Clarke  called  it  Haley's 

r/iniooA   I'oiiit. — Thi.s  is  the  western  palt   ot'  the    loiij;,   rounding'  point  which  lies  on  the  north 


liav. 


side  of  till'  river  liroad  olf  the  iioitli  shore  of  I'oini  Adams.  The  south  side  of  this  point  is  two 
miles  Ion;.;  east  and  west,  and  Chinook  Point  propi'r  is  the  sonlheriimost  ]iait  of  tliel(>w  shore  onu 
and  Ihe  ei;;liths  miles  west  of  I'oinl  IHIicc.  Less  than  a  ipiaiter  of  a  mile  behind  it  tluHliit 
wiioded  iiiar;;iii  cliaii;;es  to  a  wooded  hill  which  rises  rapidlv  towards  the  north.  Ill  front  of  the 
point  is  a  loii^',  low  sand  strip  wlih  a  broad,  low  water  sand  beach.  The  three-fathom  line  lies 
four  hiiiidred  .yanls  outside  the  low  water  mark.  I'iast  of  Chinook  Point  and  iiearei  Point  Kllieo 
there  was  an  asseniltla;;e  of  tishin;;  lints.  We.M  of  Chiiio  ik  Point,  six  tenths  of  a  mile,  the  beaeli 
is  broken  by  the  roek.\  .>piir  lioiii  .Scat  boron ;;  1 1  Hill  projeetin;;  beyond  the  hi.i;liwater  sand  l>ea<'li. 
Tins  spur  is  ^rass  ami  fern  <'overed  ami  reaches  three  hnndred  and  twenty  feet  elevation  iit  une- 
third  of  a  mile  to  the  north. 

te  a  setileiiieiit  at  Chinook    Point   and  a   lar^'c  cannery  between  it  and  Point. 


Ther 


e  I.S  now  ipii 


Kllice. 

('hiiiook  Point  was  the  favoriic  location  ot'  the  once  powi'rfiil  tribe  of  Chinook  Indians,  and 
here  the  eelebiated  one  eyed  chief  Coiicomly  liehl  sw  ly.  In  I.S.">I  the  tribe  had  dwindled  to  less 
than  il  hundred  per.sons— men,  women,  .iiid  children— and  they  were  jioor,  miserable,  drunken, 
diseased  wrelelies. 

The  point  was  ealled  Villivp;e  Point  by  P.roiiuhlon  in  K'.IL'.  In  I.S;i'.t  it  was  called  Clieiioke 
Point  by  iSelcher.  If  was  iiauied  Chinook  Point  by  the  Coast  Survey  in  18>"»0.  The  Indian  name 
is  now  N6ae  to-ilse. 


I 


:•  i^ii  i 


k 


4(;i> 


I'AC'IKir   COANT    IMI,OT. 


I    •* 


firarliiirDUijh  Hill. — TIiim  ih  ii  wrll  kimwii  laiiilinaik  iiihI  lfa<liiiu  in  r:itit;<>  oh  tin- iiniti,     ,],  „f 
t1u«  riviT  iH'liind  riiiiiiHik   I'niiit.     Tlio  liiulu"*!  1>iirt  Vwh  ilinc  and  n  halt' iiiilcN  noiih  li\  .     i    s 
l>>   v..)  t'min   I'liil  .S|c\fiiH  on  I'liint    A  lams,  aiitl   live  ami  liirci' (|iiarlti.s  iinlis  rasl  Unci  ,,  .  ,rt|.|> 

north  (i:.  ,'   N.l  ti ('a|M'  llisa|i|Miiiilmt>iit  l.i;;ht.     It  is  a  Ioiih:,  (,'railnall\  ri-*iii^'  hill  si,|r      i.tri, 

iii^  from  a  narrow  |M>iMt  ami  ri(l;;t'  at  tho  rivi-r'n  tMlp-  to  tin-  Niimmit  of  the  riil;;c.     It   is  ,.    .n.j 
with  ;;iass.  tern,  iml  sallal  lin>lics.  ami  pn'snitH  an  iinnsiially  hri;:lil  ;,'rnn  a|»|Marami'  lin  ,  ,„  .m 

cither  siili' ami   Ih'ImiiiI   it  tlir  hilN  ar vrrrtl   with  the  iliiiso  toirsis  of  li.ii  k  i^Mrcn  tit.     I     .III,. 

only  Kr:i>f«  lacctl  lull  on  iIm-  north  sitic  of  tht- rixcr  iiisiilr  ('a|M<  nisa|i|>oiiitim-nt  vJNilih' Im     .<  i 
winl. 

Tin- ;.'coi.'ra|»liii'al  poMitioii  of  tin-  I'.  S.  ToaNt  ami  <MMMlffic  Hurvt-y  station  on  tlii'  In,:  m.|,., 
hall  a  tiiilr  liack  from  tin-  iivcr,  ix: 

i"iiitii.l<'   ii,    tr.  •.';!    I  IK. nil 


l,llll;>ill|l||- 


li;i     ■<  Hr.,1 


Tin-  hill  was  ralliMl  Chinook  Mill  lis  thr  I'liiti'd  States  KNiilorin);  I'-xpcilitioii  in  ls||,  i  \,,, 
always  known  to  tln'  Ilmlson  l>a>  Company's  pcoph-  as  ScailHiioii;;!,  Ili'll.amI  this  naiiit  I,  |.  in  in 
rt'taiiictl  li\  na\i;,Mtors. 

Thf  iiM'ky  point  whi-rcthi'  hill  rrarhi's  the  river  l>oi'<lt'r  has   beep  n.imetl    Siiirlmniiiiih   l;,i,ii_ 

I'niiii  I'.Uiti. — This  |ioint  \n  on  the  north  sale  of  the  rivet  four  ami  ouetil'tli  miles  mini,  iiiii\ 
«l«';;ieeH  cast  (N.  in  V..\  from  I'oit  Stevens,  ami  lliic<>an<l  two  tilths  miles  mntli  titty  iIv;.'m  . -.  »,m 
(N.  .')<)  W.I  t'lom  Astoria.  It  i>  one  ami  ti\eei;;htlis  miles  east  of  (  hiiiook  roinl.  Tin  I'hi.hI 
saml  l>caeh  eomiii;:  trom  llakei's  liay.aml  lirokcii  only  liy  Seai'lioiiiii;4li  rmnt,  e!io,s  lUsi  Imimh 
P<iillt  F.lln  e  IS  ri-aelieil.  ami  the  deep  Mat<  r  eomcsdom'  to  the  shore.  The  |i  .int  itself  is  •.,,ti,,  ,\  ||,,| 
ronndiii;;  and  loi  k.\ .  Iiiit  not  lii;;li.  The  'and  It.himl  it  rises  to  two  hilloeks,  of  w  hieli  oin-  .i.m, 
hnmlretl  and  toity  leet  elexatmii  ai  <ine'Si\th  of  a  mile  from  the  ri\er,  and  ilie  other  i>  stil!  -tm 
farther  inland.  It  is  covered  with  a  heavy  ;;ro\\tli  of  trees.  These  hillocks  wi'ie  ii>eil  .1  mh.-c 
marks  liel'me  the  liar  ,iiid  I'li.iiiDel  wire  tlioron;.dil\  luioyed. 

The  deepest  elianiii'l  o|  ih  ilNer  rillis  under  point  I'llliee  w  hell'  it  is  half  a  mile  Willi'  l..'l\M'i'ii 
the  tliiie  falliolii  lines,  and  the  depth  reaches  foiiiteen  to  til'li'cn  fatlionis. 

( tiic  and  three  eijihtlis  miles  to  the  noitliward  of  roiiit  I  HI  ice  in  a  small  leeession  of  iL.  !< .  p 
clilVs  there  is  a  lar;;e  caiincrv. 


It 


lied  I-; 


ruint   li\   r>clcliei    in    ls;i<),  Mild   named    I'oint  llllice  li>  the  liiii 


I  ii  >i.ii. 


I'.Npli'iiii;;  I'lxpcdition  111  Isll,  after  I'alward    I'^llicc,  then  om- of  the  Directors  of  the  IlihUni    \\.\\ 
Coinpan>. 

The  liidi.iii  name  is  No  welitl  kai  Use. 

r/(_//'  I'niiii  Ins  one  and  .seven  eighths  miles  to  the  northwurd  of  I'oint  l-'.lliee.  It  1-  >  In-li 
riH'ky  III  II 11  with  deep  water  under  It  at  the  time  of  the  survey.  One  and  a  ipiarter  mll<  -^  '  .'hi 
ClilV  I'oiiil  Is  a  M'lllemeiit  known  a.s  Kii.ippton,  formerly  Cementville.  There  is  a  saw  nin'  .iml 
canni'i,\  heie.      l''ormeil\  the  Uiiscmlale  Cement  was  manntaclii'ied  here  and  shipped  tlieiiri' 

Tuns]!  I'liint. — This  i.s  the  low  point  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  a  little  o\er  two  mili'' east 
liy  south  half  soiilh  (V..  Iiy  S.  \  S.)  from  l'"ort  Stcven.s.  It  is  low,  marked  !iy  small  saml  iliims 
with  low  niaishy  ^;rniiiid  hehind  it,  throu;,'h  which  drain  Tansy  and  Alder  Creeks.  'Hhh'  <  .1 
Inoad  low  water  .sand  lieaeh  in  I'lont  of  the  point,  and  the  thre<>  I'atliom  cnr\e  lies  tliiee  lii.ii'lu'l 
and  toity  yaids  oiitsnl,.  the  shore  line.  .\  lilack  liiioy  marks  the  noith  side  of  the  channel  1'  .  i-' 
ol  Tansy  I'oint,  and  tlnie  is  deep  water  and  a  strong  <nrre!it  mi  thciliannel  way  lietweeii  li  ■ 
and  the  point. 

At  till-  mouth  of  Tansy  Creek,  soiillieasf  ward  of  tin-  point,  there  is  a  lai-fxc  caniier.v  iimI  ,  Ii 
a  (""ttlement  alon;:  the  shore. 

Smith's  III-  YiiHiii)'s  /'(.^■H^— Eastward  tfom  Tansy  Point  there  is  a  hroad,  shallow  lia\,  I  i  ■  ui 
as  \oiin;;'.s  r,,i\,  which  receives  the  waters  of  the  Skcppcriiawin  Creek,  Lewis  and  C'uki'-  I;  .1. 
and  Vouii;;'s  Uiver.  This  last  stream  runs  under  the  south  siile  of  the  hi;;h,  narmw  \i<',^>  "t 
roiiK'h  foti'st  land  whose  western  extrt'inity  is  Smith's  Point.  It  is  the  tirst  hi;,'li  point  innli  iini 
|ia.ssiny  I'ort  Stevens,  fr.im  which  it  hears  east  one  tilth  north  (I'..  ',  N.)  distant  four  :iiiil  .1  UM 
miles.  The  lidL'e  Uses  looxei  foiirhundreil  feet  eloxatioii  at  CoMoml)  Hill  liehind  .Astoria.  In. 11; 
Smith's  Point  the  northwest  shore  swells  out  and  curves  to  the  northeastward  for  over  a  ml.  t" 
Astoria. 

There  is  .1  loiij;  shoal  stretchin;;  westwaid  from  Smith's  Point  for  over  three-iiuail«  1-  11 
mik"  towards  Tansy  Point.     The  lifteeii feet   chaiinel   to   Vouiik's   Iviver  runs  on  the  .soiilli  >        'I 


i'A(  inc  « oAsr  I'li.oT 


401 


lliiH  sliilill  illltl  lll<>  tlci'p  I'liaillii'l  tif  tll«  <'nli|lllliiil   on    (lie  liortli   siilr.     () 


\u 


>  inilo  lM>r<irit  lifiiii;  ii|i 


mil  ll  .-Ml,  ^ 

IIii.Im,,    li.iv 


It  1-  >  \„-h 
lil.-s  !„  ,,,i„i 
ii\*  iiiii'  .iiiil 

lu'lM  !■ 

II  null-,  c.isl 

Silllii  .1.,  '■  - 
Tl.i;.  -  , 
I'n'  lil,|ii|lri| 
Itlt'l  .ihii':i.>t 
I'U  llii-  lilhiV 


li:iy.  1- I II 

rk.'-  l;  Ml, 

l\\     I  |il;^i-   111 

niaili  illrr 
'  ailil  .1  li:ll(' 
iri:i.  I'lMiii 
(■!■  ; h    III 

laiii-i^   'I'  .1 
mtlj  -  .:'■  liC 


illi  ll  llii'D'  is  a  liltK'U  liii<i\  al  III)'  t'i|>;i<  til'  till'  llni'i'  rallmni  cniM-nii  ilii-  nurlli  sjili-  uf  |l Iiannd. 


On  liit^  iKirtliMf.st  NJilo  III'  till-  |iiiiiii,  iiiiiMil*'  III'  sK  I'tTl  III' 


wall!,  ,1  sitihi  till  lliiht  liasliri-ii  placinl. 


It  is  a  liitlti  owv  liair  a  mile  Niiiilliwrsi wunl  of  tlii"  tnwn  of  Astoiiu.  The  clianK'tcii.slirs  of  tlicMt) 
lichtH  an*  ^ixfii  in  tlit>  annual  list  of  tli*>  l.iulil  House  l.oaril. 

Tins  1 1  was  imIIiiI  roml  Ocoiur  li\   I'.ron^'litiiii  in  l7!tL';  <M'or;;(>  I'ojnt  li.v  lU  Irlicr  :ii  l,S3ft; 

N.iiiii;,''s  I'oiiil  li.v  Ilii'  rinliil  Slalrs  i:\|ilorJn;,'  KniiciIiIioii  in  |S||;  Viiun;;'s  Toinl  liy  tli«  Ooast 
Siirvi-y  ill  i.H.')Oi  Hniilirs  I'oiiil  by  llir  <'iiast  Siiivcy  in  lln'  friaii;;iilatiiiii  of  IS'ili;  tliiH  iiaiiio  Iijm 
lii'i'ii  ivlaliinl  on  tlic  iatiT  cliaits.     I.i-wis  .iinl  riaikr  lantlrd  iimlrr  litis  ]ioiiil  liiil  iljil  not  iianiit  it. 

Yiiiniii'x  /.■(///.— Tlic  ilrv|i  iircssioii  of  llic  soiiili  sliiiir  iii'iwi'cn  'I'aiisy  roinl  anil  Sinilirs  I'oiiit 
IS  known  as  \  iiiin;;'s  May.  It  tails  liaik  oih>  ami  a  liall'  inili-s,  ami  at  tlir  easUiii  part  stn'ti-licH 
inMiiy  two  iiiilfs  caslHanl  lirliiml  .Sinilirs  I'oini,  so  thai  lln-  lii;;li  I  mil  Iwtwci'ii  llic  sliori's  of  tin- 
(Mliiiiiliia  at  Astoriii  ami   Yiiiin«'s  l.'iviT  is  really  a  proniontory  alioiil  a  mile  wiile  ami  more  than 


11  mill's  liin^.     <  III  lliis  priiniiinloiy,  lu'liiml  Asioria,  is  < 'o\i'i>mii  Hi 


Inio  the  weslern  part  of 


N  (iiiii;;'s  I'.ay  iimli  i  'I'lnsy  rmnl  eiiieis  si'mt.iI  creeks  lliroiij,'li  Hie  low,  inar.siiy  lamls.  Towanls 
the  oiili-r  eiljii"  ol  the  llals  oil  Hie  iiiniith  of  Skepperiia win  Creek  tliero  Is  now  a  pileil  wharf 
siiAini,'  as  a  lishinn  slalioii.  IJeiween  llial  rreek  .iml  1  ewisaml  Clarke's  Ifiver  the  olil  marsh  line 
liiis  iieeii  iliki'il,  aiiil  now  iiiiiiieroiis  I'ai  m  Iioum's  ai'  "en  aloii;,' the  .shiire.  The  laller  river,  ii 
i|iiarterof  a  mile  wiileat  ils  immlh,  empties  into  Hie  Im\  one  ami  one  tliinl  miles  sii.iHi  southeast 
iioiii  Smith's  I'oiiil.  On  this  rivei  Lew  is  ami  Clarke  i  st.ililisheil  their  winter  ipiarters  three  ami  a 
iiiiaiter  miles  tnnii  the  imiiilh.  Vomit's  lliver  r.  plies  in  llieeastei'iiinost  pait  of  the  hay.  It  Im 
i|iiite  a  lar;;e  stream,  a  iinarter  of  a  mile  wiih  .  il.^  innntli,  w  ith  a  deep  eliaiinel.  On  the  north 
>li(ii  of  the  lia\,  half  "ay  Itetween  Smitli's  Point  and  Voukr's  Itiver,  llien;  is  now  ;i  larjro 
I'.Nt.iolishinent  fur  niannfiietiirin/;  lish  ml. 

Lewis  ami  (  hii  ke  ealleil   tlii-^  .Meriwether's  l!a\. 

Viiiin;;'s  Itner  was  ilisi-inereii,  examiiieil,  ami  iianieil  liy  riron;;hliin  in  IT'.t'J,  ami  tli«>  iiaiiio 
lias  exienileil  to  tln'  iSay. 

.I.s7()ri((. — This  town  is  on  the  North  sale  of  ihe  lii)^h  proiiiotitoi'y  lnrmeil  liy  Yiimi<,''s  I'iveroii 

I  lie  smith  ami  the  Colnmlua  on  the  iiortli.     The  western  part  of  the  town  is  imir  anil  tlir ipiarters 

miles  mirth  ei;;liiy  iletfrees  east  (N,  ,so     l'',.i  from  the  stake  li^'lit  iiei'r  l-'nrl  Stevens. 

'I'lie  .l\/(ir  I'liiiil  of  a  few  years  slnee  is  eompletely  olilit«-rateil,  ami  the  place  is  covered  by 
|iart  of  the  town  of  Astoria,  wliiili  has  projected  it, self  out  to  tleep  wat»T.  The  whole  shore  is 
riPM'red  with  liiiililiiiiis  and  with  wharves;  the  line  of  wharves  is  carried  eastward  from  near 
Siiiilli's  I'liiiit  for  two  miles  to  I'pper  Astoria;  and  even  still  further  towards  Tmiyiie  Point. 
.\storia  has  developed  so  lur<,'i'l>  since  the  Inception  of  the  salmon  (isheries  for  the  catching  ami 
lircserving  of  that  lish.  Iliat  the  whole  Idght  lietween  Astor  Point  and  Cpper  Astoria  is  now  a 
sli';ii;tht  line  and  the  twenty  live  or  thirty  w  halves  projecl  into  Hie  deep  waters  of  the  channel. 
Till'  rmi^li  hill  sides  have  been  cle.ired  of  the  deii.se  growth  of  tir,  and  now  line  hmi.ses,  .schools,  and 
churches,  climb  up  the  steep  slopes. 

All  enormous  business  is  done  here  during  the  '■Salmon  season,"  froiii  April  to  iliily,  inclusive, 
when  se\'eral  thmisand  (ishernieii  are  employei!.  and  probably  nmre  than  a  thousand  boats  are  on 
I  lie  liver  as  far  out  as  the  liar  at  one  tiim*. 

K.xtensivo  wharves  reeeiv(<  the  ships  which  carry  away  the  Salmon,  and  others  loiid  with  wheat 
Irom  the  interior.  Many  ships  conic  down  laden  from  Portland  and  either  pa.ss  .Vstoria  or  lie  here 
a  day  or  two  waiting  a  fa\iiialili'  oppmlmiity  to  cross  the  bar,  the  pilots  and  tugs  for  which,  have 
tlii'ir  headipiarli'i's  here.  Large  ocean  steamships  are  continually  arriving  and  leaving,  and  all 
|iass  up  to  I'ortlaml.  Fast  Itiver  Steam  boats  make  daily  or  frei|uei  '  trijis  from  Astoria,  C'lat,so|i, 
and  Ihvaco  to  I'ortliind  and  other  tow  iis  on  the  ii\cr. 

Ill  l,"iS8  there  were  reported  the  following  wharves  at  this  place  exclusive  of  the  two  wharves 
for  the  oceiiii  steamers  and  river  steamboats  :   salmon  canneries,  f  weiilyfoiir ;  box  factories,  two; 


saw  nil 


Iks,  I 


wo :  wooi 


I,  one  ;   with  slio:iliiig  in  front  of  ,some  of  them. 


The  channel  which  passes  along  Hie  Astoria  ,'-hiire  is  reduced  to  three  hundred  yards  in  width 
by  Hie  building  out  of  wharves.  The  iimlh  side  of  the  channel  is  quite  steep  to.  and  abreast  of 
I  |iper  .Vstoria  it  is  even  bjire  at  low  water.  Extensive  areas  have  less  Ihan  six  feet  of  water  upon 
Iliem;  but  abreast  of  the  western  jiart  of  Astoria  there  is  a  broad  channel  of  eight  or  nine  feet 
depth  iMuinecting  t\n)  Astoria  <'liannel  with  the  Middle  Channel. 

In  tliis  Astoria  channel  tbencc  to  Tongue  Toiiit  there  are  two  rocks  which  narrow  the  channel, 


m 
nil 

I 


HI 


M 


llb 

JMh ; 

m 

B| 

w 

mP' 

i 

m 

m 


4G2  PACIKIC    (OAST    PILOT. 

tlio  <lilm<iH  l.i<i;}t\  niiiiki'd  li.v  a  n-.l  Imo.v.  on  tlic  ctluc  of  (lio  tlircoliillioiM  line  at  the  si.iiili  m,!,. 
of  tli«'  »'liaiiinl,  and  llic  Silric  tie  Ihiur  Hock,  around  wliieli  a  Hlioal  lias  I'oiini-d,  also  niarki  .|  i,\  ;, 

red  luioy.     .lust  liovond  t'  «•  lattorlHioy  tluMiliannrl  <'urvi>s  sliaipl.v  towards  tlit>  cast  ai.il  < inui.s 

to  one  liundifd  and  twi'nt.v  livf  .vai(K«  in  widtii  iiisidt*  flic  tlircoCitlioni  lines ;  and  almiM  n,,. 
black  Itiiov,  live  cij^litlis  of  a  mile  nearer  Tongue  Point,  tiie  channel  is  only  one  liundrcd  nii,|  nm 
yards  in  vNidtli  but  opens  beyond. 

These  contractions,  tc^jetlier  with  artilicial  ones  by  the  bnildiu},'  out  oC  wharves,  inusi  1, m  ,\ 
disastrous  ciVcct  upou  tlic  .\storia  channel  ;  lor  it  is  a  possibility  th.it  said  cliannel  may  be  liii:||,.| 
throttled  between  Smilirs  I'oiiit  and  Tongue  I'oiiit  ami  be  reduced  tii  a  blind  passable  li.iMi.  |,, 
rapid  tilling;  in. 

The  f;eoi:rapliical  position  of  the  V.  S.  Ciistoin  house  in  .\storia,  :is  rediUH'd  from  llic  pd^iiKin 
of  the  old  astronomical  slaliiui  of  the  ("oast  Survey  on  .Vsttu-  Point,  is: 

l.aiitiiili' ii;    11    IT  ■  .-I  II. mil 

l...n;;iliiili' I'.M     .Ml     II     C.  wist 

Or,   in   lliiii- -I     i:,"  •J\\{\. 

('D.nniiili  Hill. — Tills  isa  luodi'iiitcly  liij;li  hill  on  the  south  side  of  the  rixcr  bcliind  lli.  imvii 
of  .\slori:i.  'I'lic  iiuilheru  half  of  the  hill  is  now  denuded  of  its  hi;;h  lir  trees,  ll  Is  u>c(l,  l.\  ||ir 
jiilots  :inil  iia\  iuiilors  la  miliar  with  the  entrance  to  the  ('nlumi>ia  IJiver.  as  :i  raiific  \\  illi  \:ii\  in:: 
parts  ot  Piiliit  .\d:liMS  jo  iiidicale  the  jiositions  of  the  southern  t.ill  of  the  Middle  S:niils  :iiii|  W,,- 
P.ar. 

Tdiiiiiii  I'iiiiit*.—'\'\\\!i  is  a  ]iri>miiient  point  on  tin-  south  side  of  the  rixi'r  about  tliicc  ;niii  ,i 
half  miles  fiiim  .Vsior  Pniiit.  It  bears  north  sixty  six  dc;,'rces  t-ast  (N.  (><i^  M.),  dist;iiil  fi;;lii  :iii.| 
aiialfmiics  I'lum  I'mt  Sieveiis  on  Point  Adams,  and  north  ci;;lity  ti.ve  de;;rces  east  ( N.  s".  i;  . 
distant  twelve  :iiiil  luiir  lilllis  miles  from  Cape  I  disappointment  la};lit'liousc,  the  line  p:isMii4  ii\ii 
the  low  biMch  at  <  liiiionk  Point.  It  Is  a  bold,  rocky  peninsula  about  tlirce  hundred  led  In  lie  .:Jii. 
:iiid  I'oveied  uitli  lir  trees.  It  Stretches  out  north  noil heast  for  three  ipiarti'rs  of  a  mile  fiiiin  ilir 
main  >lioie,  to  which  it  Is  connected  by  ;i  low  and  very  narrow  neck  of  land.  The  iiorlliiiii  |mhiiI 
is  sleep  :iiul  sli.ii  p.  and  seventy  live  v.inls  to  the  e:istwardof  it  lies  a  sum  1 1  rock  ninisli  a  I  lii;;li  u.ilii 
TIk^  ciiriiiils  sweep  p. 1st  this  po';it  w  illi  ;;ie:it  force,  and,  owili;;  to  the  |iccnli:ir  obstruclioii  \>  linli  ii 
forms,  occii.sjou  deep  scouiin.i;  directly  otV  it,  where  a  depth  of  thirty  lalhoms  is  foiinil  .11  lun 
humlrcd  y:iii|s.  I'lom  this  point  the  dcc|i  and  broad  iniildle  channel  of  the  ri\cr  di\  nli  ~  inic 
three  (1,.'|)  chiinnels  strelchiii};  across  and  np  the  rixer.  The  iimin  shipchannel  is  iiiioM  .1.  iiml 
chanj,'es  in  location  of  the  buoys  are  made  whenever  the  chanjje  in  the  channel  demands  ii. 

T(mj;ue  i'oiiit  is  :i  well  iparked  oliject  when  a  vessel  Is  otV  the  bar  of  the  river,  .oiti  ,i|'|i(:ii> 
like  a  low  wooded  isl.ind.     It  is  a  j;ood  raii;;'e  mark  under  all  cliaii;;es  of  posltimi  of  the  b.ir 

.\  .sliikr  liijlit  is  jilaced  on  the  \\csleru  shore  of  Tony;ue  I'oiiit  three  eighths  of  a  iiiilc  Imin  it> 
nortlicin  extremity.  'I'liis  is  a  white  liKht  and  is  (uie  of  the  niimerons  li};lits  of  stindai  (li:ii:ul(i 
which  li:i\n  been  placed  ahmjj  the   rivers  c<Mirse  to  mark  the  chuiiiiel  for  vessel.-i. 

The  ch;ii;ict(iisiics  of  these  li^dits  are  f;iveii  in  the  annual  list  of  the  Iaj;litIIo.is'    ''.iy.\i(\. 

I'roin  Toii;,'ue  Point  the  follow  I ii},'  bearings  and  distances  are  given  inadililion  to  thc.sc.ihi  ,m1,v 
mentioned:  Point  Kllice  south  eighty  Iciir  degrees  west  (S.  SPMV.),  distant  live  and  one  .i-liih 
miles;  lirav's  Poii.t  muih  twenty  eight  degrees  west  (N.  L'S^  \V  ),  distant  three  and  live  1  iLi.'iis 
milcs,  ihis  gives  the  width  of  the  river;  Yellow  P.lu'V,  under  the  .sonfhwcsl  part  ol  ll;ii  Hill. 
north  twenty  fiuir  <legrecs  east  (N.  L'P  R.),  «iistaiit  four  and  four  littlis  miles;  .liniCiou  I'.iiit 
north  I'ort.v  nine  degrees  east  (N.  t'.t'  I'"..),  distant  eight  and  a  half  miles. 

Tongue  Point  was  .so  named  by  I!ioiigliton  in  17!»L*;  Lewis  ami  Clarke  called  it  \Villi:iiii^  rmiil 
in  1S((."V-T).     The  Iiidi;ui  n  inie  of  the  point  is  Soo  knniits  e  ah. 

Cafhldmct  /.'((//— This  is  the  broad  and  rather  iiidctinite  area  of  the  south  side  of  lliniui 
lying  east  of  Ttuigue  Point,  and  may  1m*  considered  to  embrace  the  channel  extending  .iihi  il.v 
east  of  Toiiyue  Point  and  leading  to  the  Prairie  Chaiinel,  which  lies  between  the  Seal  Miiml- aii<l 
.some  uiiihiiiicd,  low,  marshy  islands  nearer  Tongue  Point.  This  woiihl  exteml  it  four  lllll^^ 
directly  east.  Cln.se  around  the  southern  shore  of  this  bay  (into  which  enters  John  l>ay>  l.ivci 
there  is  a  very  narrow  channel  c;irryiiig  about  seven  or  •■ight  feet  of  water  in  the  shoalesl  ].;'rls 
towards  the  cuslcrn  month. 

•••T,.  «lii(li  «c  guv..  ilicMaiiu-T.)Mgii«  Point;"  Friuah.T.-,  p.  PM.     II..  vvasiii  Kak.r's  liiiy  in  111.' Nlii|.  / l«>" 

ill  IMII. 


TAl'IKK?    COAST    I'lI.oT. 


463 


IIIIISl    li.iM'  ;| 

ly  lie  r;ii:li,.| 
i;;i'  li.ililc  |,, 


illll    I  llr    hUVIl 

iM'd,  I.',  III,. 

"  il  ll    MM  \  III:; 

Hill-  mill  III,. 


>"    'liMid. 
IIm'M'  ;i!i''.ii1\ 
1(1  Dlir  I'lulilli 
(i\f  n^liHiN 
of    11. II     illll. 

1    {  'iCIU     T'llllt 

llliillll^  I'llllll 
•  ol'  llir  riwr 

lill^'    clihrllv 

1  l>liiii'i-  anil 

I     fillll     iiulr- 

\h\\'>   liiM'i 
lest   p.'rls 


(Inty^x  /^)iH^— Tills  is  tlic  iiuMlcralt'ly  lii},'li  wooilcd  |Miliit  on  tho  norfli  side  of  tlio  river  lliroo 
.iinl  livrfiHli  lis  miles  iiortli  twoiit.y  «'if;lil  (U'kiccs  west  (N.  L'S"  \V.)  Iroiii  T()ii}:iu>  INiint.  It  lii's 
iiiiir  iiixl  Mi'veii  oi)j;litlis  niiU's  nortli  ('(irt.v  livo  <K'Kr»'('s  cast  (N.  I,"i  !•;.)  (Voiii  I'oiiit  I'llliw,,  Tlioro  is 
IS  imicli  as  It'll  latlioiiis  ol  water  iiiiiiicdiatci.y  under  liic  point,  but  tlu>rt>  is  no  deep  diaiiiivl  to 
ilic  east  or  to  the  west.  Yellow  ItliilVs  lie  tour  inik's  nortb  .si'venty-throe  dejj;rt'('.sea.st  (N.  73°  E.) 
Inmi  tills  point,  and  between  tlieiii  lies  (Irak's  liay. 

Il  was  named  ('a]>e  r.ronj,'li|on  by  I'.elelier  in  1S;5!»,  but  was  called  (iraj's  Point  by  the  D.  8. 
I'xploiiii^'  Ivxiiedilion  in  1S|1.  On  the  earliest  Coast  .Survey  eliarts  it  wasealled  Cape  IJroii;:liton, 
iiiit  on  the  later  ones  it  is  desij^iiated  (ira.\'s  I'oint.  The  point  in  the  bij^ht  between  J'oiiit  Kllieo 
jiid  (iiay's  Point,  now  called  ('HIV  Point,  was  named  ('hathain  Mead  by  P>elclicr  in  l.S.'>t).  Tlicru 
is  no  name  to  this  l)ijflit,  but  near  its  deepest  part  there  is  a  larj^e  establishineiit  einbracinj;;  a 
.'MMiieiy  mill  a  saw  mill  at  Knappl>)ii,  formerly  ('eineiit\  ille. 

The  easternmost  projeetioii  of  (iray's  Point  is  known  as  Portuguese  Point. 

Yrllow  nii(l)>i. — This  is  tli('  loiindinfi  and  ro(d;y  southwest  faeo  of  Flat  Hill,  a  great  basaltic 
mass  rising  abri'pliy  IVoiii  the  river  and  reaching  an  elevation  of  thirteen  hundred  feet  in  live- 
iiglillis  ol'a  mile.  There  is  shoal  water  on  the  west  snleor  the  point,  but  a  dcepehannel  iindcrtho 
siiiitli  lace  of  I'lat  Hill.  Yellow  P.liiIVs  and  the  eoni|iarati\  ely  low  but  wooded  slioru  to  the  north- 
wai'il  to  (iray's  liiver  form  the  eastern  lioiindaiy  of  (iray's  P.ay. 

I'lider  the  southern  face  of  l''lat  Mill,  where  the  deep  ehannel  is  close  to  the  shore,  a  «/rt^T 
/'(//(/  has  been  placed  about  one  and  one  tenth  miles  eastward  of  Yellow  P.lnlVs.  It  shows  a  irhitt' 
liijlil.  and  is  one  of  the  numerous  lights  up  the  river,  'fhe  ehaiacteristics  of  these  lights  are  given 
III  the  annual  list  of  the  Light  IToiise  P.oard.     It  is  eight  miles  from  .Vstoria. 

li.'.   is  the  shoal  bav,  two  miles  deep.  Iving  between  (liav's  Point  and  Yellow 


(inill's     /.*((!/. 


-Tl 


I.liitVs.     Large  patches  are   bare  at  1 


ow   wa 


ter,  espeeiall>    in  the  eastern  part,  but  a  moderately 


st  of  (irav's  Itiver  and  at  its  mouth  the  baiika  arc  low 


deep  channel  inns  close  under  the  northwest  shore  from  the  mouth  of  the  AlamiiMit  or  DeeplMvcr, 
past  Poitiigiicse  Point  and  (lia\'s  Point. 

Alamicnt  Iti\'cr  opens  about  a  mile  \ 
but  densely   wooded. 

The  bay  was  named  by  P.ioiighloii  in  IT'.tL'  in  honor  of  Captain  (iray. 

Abreast  of  Flat  Hill  the  river  is  li\e  miles  bioad,  but  the  southern  part  is  wholly  ocenpied  by 
Inw  islands  wliii'h  a'e  in  part  marshy  and  in  part  I'overed  with  citttoiiwood.  There  ani  numerous 
channels  tliioiigh  Iheni,  with  one  ])iinclpal  one  called  Prairie  Channel  which  is  buoyed. 

Thence  to  the  eastward  between  .liiii  Crow  and  Three  Tree  Points,  on  the  north  shore,  and 
Callilamet  Point  on  the  simtli  shore,  the  river  narrows  down  lo  two  miles  in  width,  with  half  that 
space  occupied  by  shoals  and  islands. 

I'rom  two  to  two  and  a  half  iiiiles  eastward  from  Yellow  I'.liilfs  there  are  two  fishery  stations 
Mild  a  landing.  Abreast  the  lower  of  these  stations,  on  the  niiposite  tiats,  bare  at  low  water,  there 
IS  another  fishing  station. 

I'illiir  /i'<i(7,-.— This  is  a  small,  black,  projecting  iiillar  of  conglomerate  roek,  thirty  feet  above 
the  lowest  water  and  thirls  feet  iii  di  imeter.     II  stands  under  the  north  shore  of  lln^  river,  three 


iiid  sevenei 


i'hth 


lb 


Yellow  P.lnlfsaiid  one  mile  below  ,llm  Crow  Point;  it  is  eleven  and 


.1  half  miles  from  .\storia  by  the  channel.  It  is  three  hundred  and  forty  yards  from  the  steep 
shore,  and  rises  from  a  long  twchelcct  shoal  parallel  with  the  shore.  P.et ween  this  shoal  anil 
the  shoii'  there  was  a  three  fathom  ehannel  in  ISIiS.  The  main  channel  formerly  ran  elo-se  under 
I  he  son  til  side  of  the  shoal,  but  now  il  is  half  a  mile  to  the  southward,  the  shoal  having  developed. 
Til.   Pillar  Rock  Salmon  Cannerv  is  located  on  tln«  shore  directly  abreast  of  the  liock. 


Iboiightoii  in  17ii'_'  savs: 


riii 


marUalilr  iiillar  hmU   lirs   al»iiil    ii 


•  fniiii  tlir  sliori'  iMi  til'  siiii'iicuil  or  soiitliorn  sid"  ol'i'ii, ranee  into 


llie  liver      Niil,  iiiily  w  itliiii,  liiil  williniM  tlii.s  rciek,  lli"  water  ih  vc  tv  «liatlii«,  «  illi  i>vert'all,s  frcmi  t\ 


III  a  liair  to 


M\  I'allhi 


iih;   lint  li,v  ki'ep 


llie  Miiitlierii  slime  alinaiil  tnim  (irav'w  llav,  a  siillieiiMit  iteptli  nf  water  ,viU  lie  loinul. 


Lev  i.s  and  Clarke  sav  that  — 


II 


'.tiatilv 


iiplioMle  niii  eaiiip  j..  a  ri 


rk  i't  llieihslanee  cf  a  mile  In  llie  ii\er,  almiil  Iwenly  feet  ill  iliameter and 


lil'lj  111  lii'i)>lit 

IJelcher  in  lS.i!l  ,sa.\s  il  ri.ses  thirty  feet  above  the  sea  from  a  depth  of  live  fathoms.  The 
siiminit  is  ten  by  tl\e  feci  and  is  eoxered  with  bushes  and  grass. 

The  C.  S.  Kxploriiig  Kxpeditioii  (fSII )  says  (he  rock  is  twenty  live  feet  high  and  only  ten  feet 
sipiaie  on  top.     Il  is  coin[iosed  of  conglomerate.     The  liuliau  uamo  is  Taluaptea. 


;!!•  :      )•'     *hl 


404 


I'ACIKIt'    COAST    l'IM>T. 


Jim  Crow  r»)(«/.— TIlis  is  one  of  tlif  well  known  liuKltnarkM  alontr  tlio  livr  .and 


is  Ml 


lirst  ili'cidcd  contractioii  of  tlic  livt-r  to  a  main  i-liannt'l  way  Nt-vcn  vijjlitlis  of  a  niiii-  widi 


it  and  Wiiodv  Island  on  llic  sontli. 


Ill   .M  til,. 
I'Arcii 


It  is  a  vertical  rocky  flitV,  risin};  to  ono  liundrtMl  IVct,  and  projcctin},'  Hharply  i 
for  two  liundivd   and   tifty  yards;   while  btdiind    it   tlic  Itasaltu'  ciilVs,  tir  rovcivd,  r 
liuiulifd   Ici't    in  less  tlian  six  linndrod  yards  from  tln>  water.     The  cnrrents  sweep  v 
past  it  Willi  deep  eddies  and  Inillin};;  tlu'  bottom  is  seonred  out  to  a  depth  of  twenty  I 


Vom  ilir  «l„iiv 


Ise    1 1 


MMl 


with  live  and  six  fathoms  of  water  in  mid  stream. 


W(i  l.il!i s. 


In  the  lii;;hl  a  little  over  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  mirtheast  from  the  point  there  is  liir,i!,,i  n,, 
IJrooklieid  Salmon  Cannery,     dim  ("row   Point  is  twelve  anil  a  half  miles  fnnn  Astoria. 

lannel  cii'ili,.  nvci 
iliiii 


W'lunh/  luliinil. — This  low  island  is  the  lirst  lir  covered  island  near  the  main  el 


As  soon  as  a  vessel  has  ronndcd  Toiijjne  Point  this  islaml  slmws  dark  and  distinct  fnuii  tl 


islaiiils  to  the  southwest  of  it.  wliich  are  covered  with  Cottonwood  and  Itnslii 


It    I 


ICS     Mill 


southeast  from  dim  Crow  Point,  and  the  main  channel  passes  between  them.     The  islaml 


iiiiiiii 


s   western  cihI.  u  iiji  a 


one  mile  loiifr,  east  and    west,  by    half  a  mih'   wide.     The  lir  trees  are  on  it 
few  stra^'^Iin^  ones  on  the  eastern  cxtremit.v. 

On  the  north  shore  ot'  Woody  Island  was  a  tishinj;  station  in  ISS.l. 

Thr  Wiiiiih/  hliiiiii  Cliaiincl,  fttrmerly  the  main  channel  antl   used  by  all  ocean   sicnn 
sjiiliny;  vessels,  rims  on  the  northwest  side  of  Woody    Island  and  aloMf;  Ih"  portliwesl  siilt 


..r  II 


arsh   islands  to  the  southwest  of  it;  thence  it   winds  throu;;h   the  shoals  tliron;;li   the  nnilillc  uf 


lilcS   I'ldlM  ,l|!|| 


1    OIH' 
!■   |mI.i|>, 


tlie  river  to  Ton-iue  Point.     It  is  j>arlly  buoyed. 

Thin   Trie  Point. — On  the  northern  side  of  the  river,  one  and  .seven  ei^thths  n 
Crow  Point,  there  is  a  slight    but    sharp  ]irojectii:!;  point  of  basaltic  rock,  risin;;  rapidlv   t 
hutidred  Icet  hi;,'h.     It  had  upon  it  three  tir  trees  whu  h  .serve<|  as  ;;ood   marks  for  the  n\i 
The  basaltic  but  wooded  <;  ill's  belli ntl  it  rise  to  .seven  hundred   feet  in  one  third  of  a  nil!.'. 

The  river  is  hcr(>  one  and  .seven  ei;;Iitlis  miles  wide  between  the  liii;li  points,  but  it  i-  1.iil.'i1\ 
occupied  by  sainl  ll, Us  and  low  islands,  throii^^h  which  pass  several  narrow  channels  l.n  mm, ill 
ves.sels.  The  main  sliip-cliannel  is  close  under  Three  Tree  I'oiiit,  and  is  less  than  one  i|ii:iiii  i  ni  a 
mill'  wide  liiit   carries  over  twentv   fallioms  of  water  directlv  olV  the  cl  ills.     The  cliaiiinl  i.'llnws 


close  niidcr  the  lii;;h  dill's  to  the  northeast  and  then  under  the  low  but  heavily  woodcil  >li(iii-.<i| 
the  north  bank. 

The  hijili  elitVs  northeast  from  the  point  reach  twelve  hundred  and  tifty  feet  at  less  ili.u  liili  a 
mile  fioni  the  river. 

About   oiietliird  of  a   mile   .southwest    from   the   point   there  is  a  Salmon  caniiiry   kiii'Uii,i> 


Fisherton 


It  half  a  mile  to  the  northeast  there  was  the  (ilen  l^lleii  Caiiierv,  wli 


Cll    \,.l- 


burneil  and  abandoned;  and  at  one  and  live  ei;,diths  miles  to  the  northeast,  where  the  ].'.\  -limv 
bcfiins,  is  the  Ocean  Cannery. 

I'liree  Tice  Point  is  fourteen  and  onethird  miles  from  Astoria. 

Ciithliimcl  I'liinl. —  This  is  the  hi;.'li  point  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  one  and  nim  Nnih- 
iiiiles  .south  thirtyone  dej,'rees  east  (S.  .'!l  '  K.)  from  Three  Tree  Point.  The  point  is  the  iki  :liu<>i 
terminatiiiii  of  a  rocky  spur  which  projects  more  than  two  miles  beyond  the  p'lieral  inai-in  .M  iln 
basaltic  foiiiiation.  It  reaches  an  elevation  of  four  hundred  and  titty  feet  only  one  i|iihi  si  mI  ,i 
mile  Itack  fioiii  the  point,  and  n''"<'"""y  increa.ses  to  over  one  tlioii.sand  feet.  It  is  .irii,Ml> 
wiMtded.  It  is  here  where  the  river  has  its  narrowest  regimen  between  the  ba.saltic  wall.- "'  iln' 
canon  like  valley.  Part  of  this  width  is  occupied  by  low,  mar.shy  islets  in  part  wooded,  jh  |mm 
havin;;  such  p'litle  slopes  that  the  shoreline  can  not  be  well  delined.  The  main  ch.iiii!.  !  imi- 
close  under  the  north  shore;  and  a  ch.iniiel  carrying:  less  than  six  feet  of  water  runs  do-,  iinln 
Cathlamet  Point. 

The  detailed  description  of  the  points  and  reaches  of  the  >;reat  Columbia  Kiver  will 
a  further  continniiice   not    beiii},'   within    the  scope   of   the  original  plan  of  this    woik 


Hrouj^hti 


in  r 


inai 


le  the  lirst  e.xaminatiion  of  the  river  from  the  i th  to  Point  V;iii 


U    h.  II'. 

W  licli 

■IM'l, 


above  the  moiilli  of  the  Willamette,  he  considered  the  l.iwer  part,  Irom  Cape  DisappoiiiiiiM  ,i  to 
two  or  three  miles  east  of  Cathlamet  and  Three  Tree  Point.s,  an  estuary  to  the  mouth  ol  ih  mi 
proper.  Ilesays:  "  The  two  points  of  entrance  into  the  river  are  formed  by  low,  inaislM  n.'l. 
the  .sontliernniost  seemed  to  be  an  i.sland  ;  and  to  the  N  W.  of  the  most  northern,  a  bianci.  :  h  .i 
mutherly  direct  ion.  which  was  Orchard's  Kiver."  This  rivir  is  now  named  the  Skiiniai|Uc.i  i;..  k. 
and  the  low  land  opposite  is  Wcleh's  Island  and  Tenasillihei   Island. 


PAC'll-MC   COAST    I'lLOT. 


4(jr> 


Tlir  murse  of  the  rifcr  thence  to  the  Vd.tcadex  in  not  in  the  middle  of  tlio  Cauon-liko  valley, 
lull  iiiiis  t'ntni  oiu' liiusaltic  wall  to  the  ./tUei,  tlius  crossing' and  ivcrossin^.  Wheio  the  river  is 
ii,iri()\vi'.st  the  ilcptli  of  water  is  greatest  ;  wlicn^  it  limadeiis  out  there  is  less  depth  of  water,  and 
II.  .several  idaces  there  are  "  liar.'"  in  it.>'.  eonrsi-  to  Portland.  IJy  ai)|)i'o]iriations  from  Con;;ress 
ilic-^e  ohstaeles  to  navi;;ation  are  removj'il  as  far  as  pratUiealile.  All  vesselsare  now  towed  npand 
iliivMi  the  river,  ami  are  in  e.liar^e  of  Uaer  Pilots.  Very  frei|iiently  the  fofjs  and  dense  smoke  of 
siiiiiiiier  are  serious  impediments  to  navij,'ation  and  eanse  some  delays.  H'lt  upon  the  whole  the 
•  iMi'  is  siii^iilariy  free  from  actual  dan;;ers  to  navi<;atioii.  The  Ituoys  (ninety-two  in  188;"))  and 
ii\cr  lit;hl8  (twenty  six  in  188"!)  are  Iteinj;  eonlimially  elianj;ed  whenever  the  river  makes  new 
iliaiiiiels  for  itself. 

I'ollowinf;  the  present  main  channel  of  the  river  from  the  entrance  midway  between  Cape 
Uisajipdiiitmeiit  and  Point  Adams,  we  have  the  lullowin;;  ilistanees  to  important  points:  to  Astoria, 
nine  miles ;  to  Toiifiuc  Point,  twelve  miles;  totlie  south  |iart  of  Yellow  I>lulls,  seventeen  ndles; 
111  Pillar  lioek,  twenty  and  :*  half  miles;  to  dim  Ciow  I'oint,  twenty-one  anil  a  half  miles;  to  Three 
■flic  Point,  twenty-three  and  a  half  miles;  to  the  town  of  Cathlamet,  thirty -one  and  a  quarter 
mile,-;;  to  Cape  Horn,  thirty-six  and  a  (|uart«'r  miles  ;  to  .Mount  CoHiii,  lifty  and  two-thirds  miles; 
III  UainiiT,  tiltythree  and  seven-eijihths  miles;  to  the  mouth  of  the  Cowlit/.,  liftyfour  andacpnirter 
miles;  to  Collin  Koek,  fifty  ei^lit  and  one  eighth  miles  ;  to  Kalama,  sixty  and  a  (piarter  miles;  to 
\  aiieoiivei',  eij^lity  eij^ht  and  a  half  miles;  to  Portland,  ninety  three  and  a  half  miles;  and  totlie 
Lower  Cascade,  one  hundred  and  twenty-three  and  a  half  miles. 


AlUS  TO  NAVIOATION   KOU   AITUOACUINO  AND  ENTERINO   THE  COLUMBIA  BIVEU. 


les.s  Ih.iii  li:,||  ;| 


Tillamook  Hock  Li^hthonseund  Fo};-si}^nal,  Point  Adams  Lij^ht-hoiise,  ami  Ca]>e  Disappoint- 
ment Litilit-iiousc  have  already  been  described.  P.esides  these  permanent  ai'ls  to  navigation, 
there  are  the  usual  buoys  to  mark  the  dilferent  channels.  The  ;ipproiU'hes,  the  c'nannel  or  ehannels 
across  the  bar  of  the  river,  the  channels  up  the  river  to  thirty-seven  miles  abt  ve  the  mouth  of  the 
Willamette,  and  the  channel  of  the  Willamette  to  Portland,  are  all  tl'  ■  uf^hly  buoyed.  It  is  use- 
less to  describe  all  these  buoys  in  detail  because  they  are  C()ntinuall;>  beiu};'  changed  to  conform 
to  the  changes  in  the  channels. 

The  list  of  all  these  buoys,  as  well  as  the  ranjie  or  stak(>  lights  in  the  river,  is  published 
on  the  1st  of  October  of  every  year  by  the  Linlitllouse  P>oard,  and  a  copy  ot'  the  list  is  .sent  free 
to  any  .slii|)  niaster  upon  apjilication  to  the  otlice  of  llit^  I.inhtllouse  Hoard  at  Washington,  1).  C., 
or  to  the  Inspector  of  the  Thirteenth  Ia;;ht-house  District  at  Portland,  Oregon. 

In  Pebiuary  and  October,  1888,  notice  was  -liveii  not  only  of  the  change  of  buoys,  but  that 
there  was  a  depth  of  sixteen  to  eighteen  feet  of  water  over  the  Middle  Sands,  which  channel  should 
not  lie  attempted  by  strangers, 

The  constant  shitting  of  tin;  ehannels  ami  positions  of  the  buoys  clearly  indicate  that  every 
sci  son  brings  such  changes  that  the  publication  thereof  in  any  form  is  <:f  little  practical  use  to 
llie  navigator,  and  may  be  of  absolute  danger.     (.May.  188!!,) 

The  buoys  marking  the  entrance  as  far  as  Astoria  only  are  eiuimerafed,  and  their  character- 
istics descriltcd,  in  tlie  order  in  wliich  they  are  ])asscd  by  vessels  coming  from  seaward;  and  the 
iiearings  for  locating  the  Whistling  Ibioy  only  are  given.  Tlii'  buoys  are  placed  so  close  together 
that  in  clear  weather  one  or  more  can  be  seen  at  the  same  time ;  and  this  enumeration  of  them  in 
.Miccession  will  indicate  to  a  shii)-master  the  character  of  the  buoy  he  is  next  to  look  for  after 
passing  each. 

The  Ot(t.si<l(  liimtj. — This  is  a  Jirstrlasn  irliistlinii  hiioy,  painted  icith  hlael;  and  white  perpen- 
ilirnlar  slripe.s,  placed  in  eighteen  fathoms  of  water  outside  the  liar  of  the  South  channel  to  the 
Columbia  Kiver.  The  whistle  is  sounded  by  the  action  of  the  .sea,  giving  from  twenty  to  thirty 
Masts  a  minute,  which  under  favorable  circumstances  can  be  heard  live  or  six  miles.  This  buoy 
ma.\  lie  passed  on  either  sule.     The  following  bearings  and  ilistances  locate  this  buoy  (18S(i): 

Tillani<M)k  liock  Ijight-house,  southeast  by  south  (SK.  by  S.),  distant  thirteen  and  live-eighths 
miles;  I'oiiit  Adams  Lighthouse,  northeast  three  eighths  east  (NK.  '^  H.),  di.stant  four  ami  seven- 
"ighths  miles;  Cape  Disapiiointinont  Light-hmise,  luirtli  three-quarters  west  (N.  ^  W.),  di-'ant 
six  and  three-ciuarters  miles. 

Pilots  and  masters  of  vessels  are  requested  to  notify  the  Light-house  Inspector  at  Portland 
if  this  buoy  should  drift  from  its  position,  or  not  work  .satisfactorily. 

luii  V  c — ai> 


fif 


:% 


}•' 


H 


iiii,. 


;  r 


I      fj. 


?  f- 


%{'  f 


:\}.'::  .tv 


i'  .1 


4(iG 


rAcii'if  I'oAsr  I'lMtT. 


iSV((  TJkki/. — Tliis  is  tlu"  lii'xt   luio.v  lor  tlic  Soiilli  I'liiiimcl ;  it   is  i\  Jirsl  rliiss  ivii  liii«u.  i„i,„u.i 
with  bhtik-  :ind  irhilr  prrpritdiriiliir  strijKs.  ami  iilari'd  jii  twelve  niid  a  half  fallioiiis  tif.y.ii.  i  ,,l„,i|- 
one  and  tuic  tij;litli  miles  lutrtli  three  (|iiarters  west  (N.  ,'  W.)  I'lom  the  Whistling;  limn,     ji  i,,,, 
bo  passed  «ni  either  side. 

I-'alrirati  llxi';/. — This  is  a   tirxl  rliiss  nun  hittiii,  jKiiiitnl  iritli  hlai  I;  ami  ir'itr  jn  fiicinlii  KLitslrim 
ami  plaeed  in  si\  and  a  half  lallnnns  nC  water  untside  and  close  to  the  liar,     ll   lies  alinm  ti,,,., 
quarters  of  a  mile  north  three  (juarters  west  (N.  ■/  W.)  Irom  the  Sea  JJmi.v,  and  mav  l>.   |i.ixm;i1ihi 
either  side  Imt  eloseto. 

The  sea  doi's  not  break  at  this  liuov  in  ;rood  weather. 

/.'((»•  /.'((((I/. — This  is  a  firstihtss  nun  huin/,  iniintcil  icilh  lilaci;  niiti  trltilv  inriiftidicHliir  sti  hi,  >,  ;ii||i 
lilaeed  on  the  bar  in  four  ami  one  third  fathoms  of  wat»'r  at  tlu'  best  point  of  erossiny;,  li  lio  a: 
present  ilsS(i)  aiioiit  sevi-n  fi;ihths  of  a  mile  north  li,v  west  om- ei^'htli  wtst  (N.  liv  W  .  \\ . ,  U-«n 
the  I'"airway  !'>uov.     It  should  he  jiassed  close  toon  either  side. 

MiililKUincI  Uniiy. — This  is  n  first  class  tiinhuoi/,  ixiinliil  irilli  lilml.  mul  nliili  /n  ijn  iiili.iilni 
«/ri^><'«,  and  placed  inside  the  War  in  aliont  live  fatiumis  of  walei'.  It  lies  at  preseni  ( issiij  ahim' 
one  mile  nniih  se\en-ei.i;htlis  west  (X.  :  \V.)  from  the  liar  llnoy.  It  sliould  l>e  pa^Ncd  cIdm  Iimi.i 
either  hand. 

Chitso])  Spit  Hnoii.—Th\s  is  the  next  huo.v  in  the  South  channel,  ll  is  a.//i,s7  ( /((>>  niiitl,ih,ii. 
puintcil  ;■<■(/ and  nunilitrnl  *J,and  placed  in  lour  latiiomsof  walciiu'ar  llie  western  ed;;c  of  ('I.iImij, 
8pit.      It  siiould  lie  lelt  a  iea>oiialile  distance  on  the  >tailioaid  hand. 

lull  lUtinj. — Tlii>  liuov  lies  on  the  ]iort  side  of  the  channel  alioul  a  (jnartci- of  a  miiIc  in  iIh' 
.soutliwanl  of  the  remains  of  the  wreck  ol'  the  steam  ship  (liml  It'iiiulilit.  It  is  a  liliul,  Ixllhnu,,, 
ruiifr  by  tlie  molnm  of  the  sea,  and  lies  ime  and  tliree-<|i':irters  •-.iies  .--uulh  l\\  I'ast  thicei|n,iilii- 
east  from  the  Caiie  l>i>appointnieiit  lii;:lit  hon.->e.  It  is  placed  in  li\'e  lathoms  of  water  al  i>i  in  n 
tin-  turn  in  the  channel  under  iSaml  Island,  ami  shinild  lie  left  on  the  port  hand  in  entciin^ 

In  NCI'S  strong;  ebb  eurients  in  mo(U'rate  weather  the  sea  is  too  smooth  heic  to  can^e  iln  luli 
to  sound. 

Cintsiip  Spit  /.'idi//.— '"'his  IS  Ilic  next  buoy  to  mark  the  channel,  and  the  second  in  in  iil,  i!h 
(  lalsop  .'^pii.  1 1  is  a  liist  ilitss  nun  nmj,  pitintnl  ml  and  iiiiiiilit  ri  il  1 ,  and  is  placed  in  rnni  l.iiiHiin- 
of  water  near  I  lie  iini  liiw  olcrii  point  of  the  spit.  1 1  should  be  lefl  a  reasonable  dislaiicc  oii  iin 
slarboaid  hand  in  entcrin;;.  ll  lies  about  one  and  three  ei;;iitlis  inili's  iiorlhcasl  i  N  H.  i  limn  tlir 
Ued  Mnoy  No.  L'. 

SfUi'l  [sliiiiil  Itiaciin. — This  is  a  trian^'iilar  beacon  pdintvd  irliitr,  about  lifi\  led  lnjli  iiil 
sniinounted  with  a  lla;;  stall'.  It  is  located  on  the  eastern  part  of  Sand  Island,  on  the  pon  miI-hi 
the  channel. 

There  are  some  small  houses  a  ([Uaiter  of  a  mile  I     the  northeastward  ol   il. 

C'Inlsop  S])it  lliiiiii. — This  is  the  third  ami  last  buoy  marking:  Clatsop  S|iii  and  lies  .iImhi:  ,<\., 
mile  east  tlireeipiarleis  north  (ll.  ,'N.)  Irom  the  preceding;  icil  bnoy  No.  I,  andmail>  wii-i 
Sand  Island  llcacon.  It  ]s  .i  tirsi  rluss  mm  Iihoi/,  paintnl  ml  and  ninnlit  n  d  (t.  ll  lies  m  ^;v  vn\ 
a  half  fathoms  of  w  alcr  niMhe  ed;;e  of  the  spit  ami  must  be  left  on  the  si  a  i  board  hand  iii  cni,  ni;. 

After  passin;:  this  biio.v  the  ilistam-e  lo  the  next  liiiov ,  on  the  port  side  of  the  cliannel,  :•  iwn 

and  oneei-hth   miles.     A    ;r 1   ran;;e   for   runni'i;;   this   part    of  the   ri\er  is  to  keep  tin  aliiiii>l 

perpendicular  face  of  the  soinheast  part  of  ("ape  Kisappointmcnl  under  the  la^lil  I se.  c.i  >'  itl 

the  slopiiif,' base  of  McKeii/ie"s   Head:   this   will  clear  the  lower  end  of  the  ."Middle  ;;ioiiihl    i'  lli' 
ri\t'r.     The  course  of  this  ian;;e  is  east  liy  soiilh  thieeipiarlcrs  south  \V..  by  S.  ,'  S.). 

I.iiiiir  I'nil  III'  Miiliili  tiniunil  /.'h<<(/.— This  is  a  Jirst  ihiss  can  linmi,  piiiiittil  liliul;  and  nmiil-' n'i 
5.  ll  IS  placed  in  thiee  and  a  <|uarter  fathoms  of  water  at  the  western  end  of  the  Middli  li  i'hI 
ill  the  river  and  directly  abreast  Fort  Stevi'iis:  and  siiould  be  left  on  the  port  hand  in  en'  !  n. 
('.ire  should  le  taken  not  to  approaeh  too  elose  to  this  and  the  follow  in;;  liiio.\s  mailwi- tin- 
Nimthern  eil:.:e  of  the  Midille  ;;roiind  as  it  is  \    ly  alirnpl  and  partially  bare  al  low  walci. 

Fort  Stinns  Wlinri'  Stub  l.i<,lil.—'\'h\s  is  a  white  stake  with  a  box  on  top  for  a  i  ivcr  l.intiiii 
from  which  a  irhiti  li;ihl  is  shown  al  ni;,'lil.  It  is  located  on  the  end  of  the  wharf  buiii  oiii  a':'  i>' 
of  Fort  Stevens,  on  ilie  starboard  side  ot  the  ehannel.  The  samis  ha\e  formed  as  far  out  a  ■  ili:- 
liglitstake. 

South  Siil^  ll/  Miilillr  (hiiunil  /.'»"//.— This  is  the  second  buoy  marking'  the  Middle  ;,'roiiii>l  umI 
lies  about  two  ami  a  ipiaitei  miles  east  by  south  half  south  (1'..  Ii.\  S,  \  S.)  from  the  prc.i'im.^ 
buoy  No.  ."».     ll  Is  a  Jirst  iliiss  simr  Itnuii,  pnintnl  hliivk  and  numberni  7,  phieed  in  three  fall "I 


I'AfiriC    COAST    l'll,OT. 


4(i7 


•nil  I.)  III. Ill,  |1„. 
HI  Inlll-  l,lll,olli~ 
•  listjIliM  ,■:,  ,i  . 
(Nl;.     II  tl,r 

'     (•••■I    III  J,  .Ihil 

Nil'  |iiii  I  ^\i\-  III 


wiitfi,  ami  shoiilil  lie  left  on  tlii'  port  liaml.  Tin-  Nimils  run  dry  iit  low  water  (Ifty  yards  to  the 
ii.iilliwaril  (tC  litis  liiioy. 

SiHitli  Siilc  of  Miilillr  (h-oiniil  Jliioij.—  Thi'i  m-xt  bnoy,  the  third  buoy  uiarkin;,'  the  Middle 
^tiiiiind,  lies  about  one  and  a  iiall'  miles  east  one  (|iiar  er  north  (K.  ',  N.)  Ironi  the  iireee<linf,'  blaek 
liiiov  No.  7.  It  is  n  first  <l(iss  nimrhuiiij.  jKiintnl  bhul:  and  mtmhctnl  j>,  plaeed  in  three  and  a  half 
i.illioiiis  of  water,  and  shotdd  b(>  lefl  on  the  |iort  hand. 

Smilh'H  Point  Stdlr  I. i(ilit.— This  is  a  white  stake  and  box,  from  wliieli  a  red  liijlit  is  shown  at 
I  ii;;lil  ;  it  is  plaeed  on  the  end  of  the  .Seaside  Cannerv  wharf,  half  a  mile  below,  or  to  the  westward 
.if  Astoiiii,  I. II  the  starboard  siih'  of  tlie  ehanpt  1.  This  li;;ht  bears  north  eighty-four  de;;rees  east 
N.  St    K.)  four  and  one  tpnirtei'  miles  from   I'ort  Stevens  Htakel,ij;ht. 

,Soiillt  Side  of  MitliUe  (Inmnd  /.'/«'i/.— The  foiiith  biiuy  to  mark  the  Middle  ground  lies  about 
line  ami  live  ei-jhths  miles  northeast  by  east  liveei},'litlis  east  (NE.  by  K.  :  VI.)  from  the  pn  eedinfj 
111. II  K  bnoy  No.  '.).  It  is  ajirslcldss  Kjxtr  himil,  jKiiittnl  hlitdiun]  inimhirid  ]  1,  jilaeed  in  three  and 
a  lialf  fatliiims  of  water  on  the  port   side  of  the  channel  abreast  the  western  [lart  of  Astoria. 

Sdiilli  Si(h  of  Middle  (Iround  /iHci/.— The  next  buoy  to  nnirk  the  edfje  of  the  shoal  lies  only 
aliiini  li\eeii;litlis  of  a  mile  from  the  preeediiij;  blaek  buoy  No.  II.  It  is  n  Jirstehms  .simrhiioi/, 
iniiiiltd  Itliiil;  and  iinmlieytd  \ ;;,  plaeed  in  twenty  two  feet  of  water  on  the  port  side  oi'  the  ehaunel 
ilireetl,\  oppiisite  .\storia. 

Vessels  shonld  anchor  in  mid-channel  between  the  two  last  buoys,  Nos.  11  and  13. 

ir/((7,  lliioy. —  In  November,  l.s.ss,  the  wicck  of  the  iSiirie  de  (Irttre  above  Astoria  was  nnirked 
by  a  red  spar  liKi'ii.    The  (irst-elass  nnnbnoy  niimbcicil  I  hail  been  <'arried  away  by  the  iee. 

There  is  at  present  (1S8(>)  no  di  e|i  North  Cliaiiiiel.  When  this  channel  is  ojien  it  is  marked 
li.\  a  first  class  nun-buoy,  painted  with  b'ack  and  white  perpendicular  stri[ies,  and  plaeed  Just  out- 


ile  the  bar  at  the 


St  pi: 


U'i'ol  ero.ssniL 


Thence  the  channel  is  nsuallv  marked  bv  two  or  more 


black  buoys  to  deline  the  Peacock  .Spjt,  and  which  are  to  be  left  on  the  poll  liand  in  entering, 
.Mter  passing  these  the  red  buoys  marking  the  Clatsop  Spit  are  seen  and  followed. 

Vessels  bound  to  (.'enientville.  on  the  north  side  of  the  ii\er,  U'avc  the  Astoria  (thannel  when 
past  P.noy  No.  (i  (red),  marking  Clatsoii  Spit,  ami  steer  lorChinook  Point;  then  follow  close  to  llu5 
iiurlh  bank  of  the  river  to  ('enientville. 

There  was  formerly  a  decj)  channel  into  I'aker's  P.ay  running  to  the  westward  of  Sainl  Island, 
anil  iietween  it  and  Cape  Disappoin'iment.  but  it  is  now  closed  and  the  buoys  removed.    The  i)res- 


ii  channel  to  i'.aker' 


P. 


IV  inns  to  the  eastward  and  northwaid  of  Sand  Island,  and  carries  but 


ii;;ht  feet  of  water.    It  is  marked  by  s[>ar-buoys.  but  it  is  so  narrow  and  iut;ieate  that  u  pilot  is 
liecileil. 


lies  .llii'li;  nlif 
ni  al  l\    ,l'i|i  ;|M 

lies  III  --iv  .iiiil 
'III  III  eiili  I  III. 
■ii;iniiel,  :•  iHii 
!'ep  the  ,i|iiiii>| 
Hlllsc,  III!  M  illi 
gliillllil  ill  llir 


BAILINli   IJIUE(!TI(1NS  FOR   THE  ENTKANC'E  TO  THE  COHMniA  RIVEU. 

It  may  be  taken  as  a  general  rule  that  at  least  tweidy  feet  of  water  eaii  be  carried  over  the 
liar  of  the  Columbia  Piver;  yet  theie  have  been  seasons  when  but  little  more  than  eighteen  fett. 
Iiave  been  available,  and  at  other  times  fully  twenty  four  feet  have  prevailed.  Sometimes  there  is 
liiit  one  bar  ami  channel,  and  itt  other  times  two.  The  South  Channel  at  one  time  lay  parallel 
and  close  to  the  beach  south  of  Point  Adams,  making  it  hazanlous  for  sailing  vessels  to  enter 
with  the  usual  sunimt'r  inirthwest  winds.  Tin'  North  Chainiel  sometimes  is  the  better  (channel, 
.Hid  as  it  generally  opens  to  the  westward,  the  passage  through  it  has  been  eomparatively  easy  tor 
■•.iibng  vessels.  i\s  a  ride  of  the  last  twenty  yeais  the  South  Channel  is  the  deeper  and  more 
peimaneid  ehaniu'l.  At  present  the  entrance  to  the  river  is  in  a  transition  state;  lhe(}overninent 
laiginecrsare  constructing  a  Jetty  from  Iheextremity  of  Point  Adams  along  the  line  of  the  Clatsop 
Spit,  hoping  thereby  to  hold  the  point  and  direct  the  wateis  of  the  river  so  as  to  form  but  one 
lice])  channel. 

Under  these  changingeouditions  it  is  unwise  to  give  any  sailing  directions;  before  they  could 
lie  published  it  is  more  than  probable  that  a  change  in  the  deitth  of  water  or  position  of  the  bar 
"iiiild  lake  place.  The  soundest  advice  we  <'an  give,  therefore,  is  irlitii  tip  icitit  tlie  Inir  irait  for  ii 
pilot.  The  establishment  of  a  eompicte  pilot  system,  with  steam-tugs  ami  one  pilot  .sehocmer 
cruising  outside  the  entrance,  rentiers  it  almost  reckless  for  a  stranger  to  enter  the  river,  even  by 
aid  t)f  the  buoys,  excejit  in  tlie  greatest  emergency.  The  steamers  running  regidarly  to  the 
Columbia  River  always  carry  their  bar-pilots  on  the  vessel. 

Wei  shall  eonline  «tnrselves  to  a  few  direetiiuis  or  advice  to  .strangers  how  to  tiud  the  entrance 
and  to  jtlace  themselves  within  reach  of  the  assistance  of  the  pilots. 


■ '  1 


■■'! 


U. 


[''''f,  .i 


t   4 


4G8  I'ACII'IC    COAST    I'lUOT. 

Ill  ^'lIIllIlu'I•,  witli  wiiulK  pivvuiliiiK  IVoiii  tlif  iiortlnvt-st  ami  \v»'sl-i!t>rtli\v»'8t,  snilin- 
slionlil  work  in  towards  llii'  i-oast  in  tlio  lalitiiih'  of  Capi'  Disappoiiitincnt,  aiul  not  fall  Im 
of  it;  but  ill  winti-r  tlu-y  sliould  strivo  not  to  (all  to  tin-  iiortliwanl  of  it,  ln-tMiist' Iji 


I'll  III 


W'»cU 


'■!■«, II. i 

I'  lUC 


vailiiif;  wind  is  tin-  .slorin.v  sonllicasti'i  with  a  lii-avy  swell  from  tlic  soiitiiwcst.     .Moi 
slioiiltl  tinil  llii'iiisi'lvfs  to  tilt-  nortliwaitl  of  tiii'  ('ape,  tliciv  is  a  littoral  ciiiTcnt  iiiomh:  i,, 
iiorlliwanl  aloiii;  tlicslioiv;   we  liavc  not,  liowrvti,  siillicii-nt  data  to  tk'lini'  tlif  Incadii 
ciirri'nt  or  its  voloi-ity  under  varjiii;,'  eondiiions  of  wealiier. 

Wlieii  the  Iai;;e  soiitiiwest  swi'll  of  the  winter  frali-s  is  rolling  liroad  upon  the  liar  ami  rlMiuM 


t'ONi  I      It    III 


-r  till 


its  eliaraeter  is  ehanyed  fi.r  the. worst'  l)v  the  sin 


in^elili   w 


hieh 


earries  so  "'real  a  voluinr 


tlireetly  afjainst  it  to  trip  it.     The  swell  liecoines  shorter  and  sharper.  freipieiitl.N   Ipieal 
a  vessel's  deck  and  ernsliiiiL;-  eveiythinj,'  it  strikes.     This  loeai  eondil 


'I  Wiiln 

MM','   llliiil; 


ion  reaeliesat  ii'ast  .i>  i; 


U    Mill 


as  the  twenty  I'athoin  deptlis.  When  the  liar  is  lireakin;j  heavily  at  tlie.se  liine.s,  and  it  i-  iiii|„,vM 
hie  to  cross  it,  vessels  that  are  compelled  to  lie  to  have  a  very  ronj;h  time  to  llie  MMilnViuo. 
I'lider  these  clri'iimstaiiecs  it  is  ad\  isahle  to  run  a  few  miles  to  the  north  noithwi'si,  as  In  a>  ||„ 
latitude  of  the  North  Head  of  C.ipe  Disappointnieiit,  where  the  inliiieiice  of  llie  current  i^  li.n  11, 

sippreeialile,  and  lie  to  in  froin  lifteen  to  twenty  fallitMiis  of  water.     The  U.S.  IJeveiiin    mi' ,.| 

Conrin  has  laid  to  and  soineiiines  anchored  in  this  situation. 

Ill  clear  weather  llie  laiidtalis  we  have  aliead.\  deseiilied  are  very  marked.     Caiie  I>i- !|piiiiii:i 
moid,  SearlHir-.)U};li  Hill,  Saddle  .Mountain,  and  Tillaiiiook  Head  are  unmistakalile  landlll.ul,^.  ^m,! 

d    lii'.ni'  |ii> 
vessel  to  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Whistling;   r>iio.\.  takiiij;  can'  to  note  the  drift  of  his  vessel  li\   ti„. 

III!'  Ill'  ;||f 


when  these  are  .seen,  even  a  straii;iei-  can  staml   tioldly   in   towards   the  eiitrai 


ranj,'es  which  Toii^iiie  I'oint,  Coxcomli  Hill,  or  Saddle  Mountain  oiler  with  tho  low 
shore  smith  of  Point  .Vdains.  If  the  iiavi;;ator  is  acipiaiiited  with  the  liiioys  and  llicii  i^inci.ii 
order,  and  the  pilot  should  not  he  at  hand,  he  may  in  t'ldinary  weather  venture  over  iIm'  hii  In 
following;  the  Itiioys,  which  are  properly  iiiiiiiliercd  and  cohued.     Itiit  if  he  is  not  acipiainiiil  »ii|i 


the  I 


lar,  the  chin 


iiel. 


iiid  the  cm  ii-iits,  iniil  oiilsiili    for  ii  iiilal. 


When  the  weather  is  fo.i;;ry,  smoky,  or  iiiiiiky  the  approach  to  the  liar  is  a  inaller  of  -n  it  r.ni 
and  jud;.Miiciii :  iinrm  innately  the  eh  a  racier  of  the  en  dance  has  aci|iiired  such  ::  very  had  ri'|iiilaliiiii 
that  many  iia\  i.i^alors  are  afraid  to  ai>proacli  it.  and  some  excn  keep  out  far  heyond  tlic  i'iiii<iii;: 
({round  of  the  jiilot  lioats.  When  there  is  a  lonj;  run  of  l'ci^;j;\  weather  the  delay  is  ver\  ahiniMii;;; 
and  \t't  tlicie  are  j;uidc.'<  for  a  nearer  ajiproach  if  j^icat  can-  lie  exercised  in  eompariii;.'  tin  mhiihI 
in^s  obtained  with  those  ;.Mveii  on  the  chart, 

The  material  liroii;,dit  down  in  suspension  liy  the  river  is  carried  to  and  beyond  the  im  iml 
seems  to  be  moved  mainly  to  the  northward.  The  result  of  this  is  that  a  };iven  depth  is  i.u  iIhm  nil 
shore  abreast  of  Cape  llisappoiiitniciit  and  Slioalwalcr  Hay  than  it  is  to  the  southward  .i^lii  ih 
Tillamook  Head  :  and  because  the  Cape  and  the  shore  to  the  northwaid  oi  it  projects  mnrli  I  nil  <'i 
to  the  westwaid  than  I'oint  Ailains  and  the  shore  .south  of  it,  the  e.iirves  ol'  cipial  depth  ,i>>uiiii  ,i 
de(^iiled  eliaii;;e  id°  direction  as  they  pass  t4>  tln^  southward  of  the  Cape.  Abreast  of  ('a|M-  |i;vi|. 
poiiitmeiit  the  fortyl'atlium  curve  is  eij^ht  miles  otV  the  North  Mead;  oil' beadbetter  I'oiiii.  ;.uiil.\ 
miles  to  the  imilliw  ard,  it  is  probably  ele\eii  miles  oil' shore,  and  the  ;relieral  direction  of  I  In- iiui' 
is  nortlMiorthwest  and  soiilli  soiitheasl.  OlV  Point  Adams  the  forty  lathoin  ciirv  c  lie- ,i'  i  ili^ 
tance  of  nine  miles  from  shore,  but  this  slioi'c  is  nearly  sis  miles  to  the  eastward  of  tin  Ni'iili 
Head,  so  that   between   the   tw(»  positions  the  forlyt'atlioiii  line  riiiis  in  a  soiilheasi  by  cj^i  .iml 


northwcs 


t   b 


■<t  direction.     'I'lie  tliirtv,  twent\,  and  e\cii  lifteeii  fathom  I'lirves  follou  t' 


jjeneral  direction  ;   the  liftv  ■fathom  cur'"e  does  so  in  a  iiiiich  less  de;;ree, 


Th 


Lreiie 


al  character  of  the  l.oliom  at  lifty  fathoms  is  jiiay  and  i^rcen  mud  with  saii 


,1  tin- 


forty  tat  liom  line  the  bottom  is  j^ray  sand,  and  in  souk 


plac 


es  liroUe 


sh 


itii   the  .saml.     ll" 


apiicarance  of  ;:reen  or  brow  II  niiid  inside  of  forty  fathoms  is  not  at  all  iiniforiii  ami  can 


.1   III 


used 


III  th 


atlier  a  vessel  can  ajipniach  the  coast,  in  the  latitude  <if  the  eiitraiu'c,  wit 


ji    .i;il> 


to  within  a  depth  of  twenty  lathoms  of  water,  when  she  will  be  from  li\('  to  six  miles  oil  .-1 


lo  the  northwaid  of  the  Cape,  and   fi 


'oiii  a 


bout    three  and  a  half  to  li\e  miles  olf  if  tn  tin 


anl  of  Point   .Vdaiiis.     To  ascertain   her  position,  whether  north  or  south  of  the  ciiliam 

sho'lil  steer  south  southeast   (SSH.)  and  conlinne  soiindinjr  fiei|iieiilly  ;   if  she  ( tiiim- 

sanie  depth  of  water,  and  is  to  the  northward  of  the  Cape,  she  will  lie-in  to  deepen  In  i 
when  Cape  l>i.sappoiiitiiieiit  Li;;lillioiise  bears  noilheasi  ( N1',.).  distant  live  and  a  half  mili 
will  run  into  thirtv  fathoms  and  over  in  li\e  miles  IVom  that  point.     In  other  words,  win 


ilii' 


I'Ani'ic  coAsr  ni.oT. 


Ar,\) 


l.iylit  liMiisi'  liciirs  norllicnst.  distiiiit  livi-  :inil  :i  liiill'  niilcM,  (lie  line  of  twtMity  fatliniiis  turns  to  tlic^ 
.(iiilluMsi  1>.\  ciiMi  iiiiil  (■(iiitiiiiics  on  tliiit  course  ten  anil  a  liali'  iiiilfs,  wlicii  I'oijit  Ailaiiis  Li^lit- 
lioiisc  licais  iioi'lli,  illstiiiit  .six  inilfs,  and  llic  luai'csl  lioacli  is  linir  mill's  nil'.  'Hw  only  <;asc  of 
iiiH'i'iliiiiit.v  will  Ito  ir  the  vcssi'l  slioiilil  lii-  iiiiii'  oi'  (en  miles  to  the  soiilliwanl  of  llie  liar  in  twenty 

I. Ill i-i  "I   \v:i!ir;  then  a  soulli  Noiitlieast  ronise  would  lake  lier  almost  stiai^ilit  to  Tillamook 

KiicU.  ami  the  sound  of  the  steam  loiisiren  would  i;i\e  her  a  eertaiii  poiid  of  depart uru  for 
llii'  !>ar. 

Slioidd  the  wind  he  IVoni  tin'  soiithwanl  so  that  the  M'ssel  can  not  run  on  a  soiitli-sontlieast 
fdiirse.  and  Ilie  'I'illamonk  fo;;- si^jnai  is  not  heard,  slu-  may  run  in  the  opposite  direction  (nortli- 
iioilhwest)  ami  conliiMie  sounding'  as  lielme.  It' she  maiiitain.s  the  same  depth  tor  t wo  or  tiireo 
mills  she  is  to  the  northward  of  the  Cape  and  should  stand  olf  shore  and  try  a;;ain  farther  to  the 
Miulhwaid;  if  she  is  to  the  snuthward  ol  I'oiid  Adams  she  will  liej^in  to  shoal  her  water  when 
>i\  or  si'\  en  miles  sunt  II  lioiii  I'oinl  Adams  l.injit  imiise. 

The  iliieetions  are  yiM'ii  upon  the  Mipposiiimi  that  the  vessel  is  not  farther  nortli  than  Lead- 
ImIIci    I'oilit,  iiiU'  as  far  smilh  as  Tillainook    lim  K    l.i^lil  house. 

It  the  weather  sheiilil  li;;lit  up  a  little  so  that  }:liiiip>es  of  the  land  are  <'anj,'ht  under  the  fo^, 
till'  iiavi^'ator  must  lie  on  liis;;iiard  and  not  inlslake  the  low  lieach  and  laud  south  of  Point  Adams 
Im  that  of  the  "  weather  lieach  "  liet  ween  Cape  I  )isappiiinlmeut  and  Lcadl letter  I'oint  ;  but  even 
HI  such  a  case  the  use  of  the  lead  as  su;;y;csted  \^  III  lie  a  good  glide.  Heveral  ves.sels  have  been 
lost  by  mistaking  the  nnriliciii  lie.icli  fur  the  sniillicrii. 

Sleamcis  fiiuii  the  s.iiilliwaid  in  thick  wcathci  make  the  Tillamook  Rock  fog-siren, uiul  tlienco 
sieci  a  ciiiirse  for  the  Whisiliiiu  IJiiny.  The  larger  steamers  carry  a  bar  pilot  and  outer  by  the 
l>c;irings  of  the  b.inys  maikiiigllie  li.ii  and  channel  fioiii  the  Whistling  riiioy.  Steamers  from 
ll:i>  mirlhward  can  fiillnw  the  twenty  fathom  line  until  they  fall  in  with  the  Whistling  liiioy. 

The  didiciilty  of  making  the  bar  in  stiiok.\  or  foggy  weather,  and  the  absence  of  log-siguals 
ell  the  main  shore,  fiiicilil.\  suggest  the  necessity  tor  a  liiglit  ship  olf  the  bar.  I"\iriiierly  there 
\M'H'  fog  signals  at  ruiiil  Adams  and  Cape  Disappoiiilmeiit,  but  they  could  not  be  heard  outside 
llic  bar  111!  account  of  the  great  noise  of  the  bieakeis  which  fretpieiilly  encircle  the  whole  bank. 

ciiANNi-.i,  riiAMif.s  III'  riiK  ciii.rMmA  imvi'.k  I'.NTnANCi;. 


The  follow iug  short  rr'siime  sliows  the  changeable  character  of  the  ehaniiols  at  the  ontraneo 
to  the  Columbia  I'iv(>r.  In  ITKL'oue  liioad  channel  and  no  Sand  Island  by  Uronghtou-X'aiicouver; 
ill  ISi:'.  nlicii  the  ibitish  sloop  of  war  lutrnxni  arrived  in  the  Columbia  she  found  the  shoals  off 
the  eiitrauce  had  cliaiiged  considerably  in  extent  and  posiliou  from  the  time  of  Hroughtoii. 
Ibiniiing  ill  on  Mroughton's  survey  she  struck  heavily  on  the  bar  and  received  considerable  dam 
age.  In  I.S.'i'J  lielclier  found  two  channels ;  in  IS)  I  the  Tiiited  States  Exploring  ICxpedition  found 
one  clianuel.  In  the  V.  S.  Coast  Siirxey  exaiiiina.ious  of  IS.IO,  isrii.'.  ami  IStiS,  there  were  two 
clianiiels.  Ill  ISSlI  tlie  V.  S.  I'.ngii'eers  found  two  channels;  in  ISS,".  they  Ibuiid  one  between  the 
liiMils  and  three  chauiiels  attross  the  outer  bank.     In  ISS.'i  and  ISSti  'hey  found  one  ehaiinel. 

In  the  earlier  surveys,  and  in  1^51  when  we  were  at  Cape  Disappointment,  the  North  (Chan- 
nel was  the  deeper,  and  was  used  li\  the  deep  draught  vessels  of  the  Fliidson  T!ay  Com|iany, 
Since  Sand  Island  has  been  pushed  towards  I'.aker's  I'.ay  the  North  Channel,  which  used  to  pass 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Island,  has  been  almost  obliterated,  and  the  deeper  water  is  in  the  South 
( 'liannel. 

TIIK   TIIIES    AT   TIIF.   MOUTH   (It'  TIIK  f'dUMlMA    RIVER. 

At  .Astoria  the  Corrected  llstalilishmcut.  or  iiiran  interval  between  the  tiim^  of  the  IMoon's 
liaiisil  ami  the  lime  of  high  water,  is  XII''  I.")  .  The  mean  rise  :',:id  fall  <'f  tides  is  six  and 
luoleiiihs  I'ecf ;  of  spring  tides,  seven  and  sixtenths  feet;  and  of  pcap-lidos,  four  and  «'ight-tcidlis 
Icct.  The  mean  duration  of  the  risi'  is  (I'  01  ;  of  the  fall,  (!''  L'l  ;  and  of  the  stand,  (>''  .'{;!'".  The 
average  dilference  between  the  corrected  cstablishihcnts  of  the  a.  ni.  ami  p.  m.  tides  ol'  the  same 
day  is  1"  (rj  '  /or  high  water,  and  0''  Trj  ■  for  low  water;  the  ditVereuces  when  the  iMoon's  deelina- 
liiiu  IS  greatest  are  1''  .'IS  and  1''  \'i"  resjiectivelx .  The  average  ditleren'e  in  height  of  those  two 
tides  is  one  ami  four  tenths  feet  for  the  high  waters,  and  two  and  three-tenths  feet  for  the  low- 
waters.  'A'heu  the  Moon's  declination  is  great<'st  tlios(>  diiferenees  are  one  and  nine-tenths  feet 
.iiid  three  and  seven  tenths  feet  respectively.  The  average  dilference  of  the  higher  'dgh  and 
lower  low  waters  of  the  same  day  is  seven  and  :iiiie  tenths  (eel,  and  when  the  iMocni's  detdination 


«< 


i 


.<;r 


:\A: 


y  \ '  ■-I  'I 


1^ 


I!  ■ 


170 


PACIFIC   C(»Asr    I'll.OT. 


is  frivatt'st  .'i};!!!  iiml  nine  tt'iitlis  foot.    Tlii>  lii;:Ii»'r  liiy;li  tiilt>  in  llir  tw.'nf.v  (our  I rso,, „  ..ii,,,,,, 

!•-"'  II    afl.T  tlic  Moon's  npiMT  tniiisit  (soutiiiii'.')  \vli.«ii  tlic  Moon's  il(><-liiiiitioii  is  nortli.  ,ii,  I  !,|„„|, 
0"  l.V'  lu'lori'.  wluMi  soiitli.     Tlif  lower  of  thi>  low  waters  ocnirs  iilioiit  seven  iiml  .\  liiill'  I1..111   ;,||,| 

the  lii^lioi  lii-Ii  water.     Tiu-  (jreafeHt  (.hserved  .lilVeien.-e  I.etween  tlie  two  low  wniers  m  '■  ,\\^ 

was  live  ami  one  teiitli  feet,  and  tlie  {ireatest  ililVerenee  hetween  tlie  lii«lier  lii-li  and  1..  w  1  |„„ 
waters  of  one  day  was  ele\  en  and  one  half  feet. 

'I'lie  two  tides  of  tlie  same  day  are  (generally  nnei|nal  in  inoportion  to  tlie  Moon's  d.  cliiiiii,,,! 
The  time  and  lieif;lit  can  he  ohtained  a|i|iro\iimitely  from  the  followiii;;  tahle: 


IM;l.. 


tinn. 


MiMiii  •*  Sttiithtti^, 
Ihuh  W.il.r        '         !...«  W.iti' 


M""ii  4  N..rili, 
llicli  W.il.  I  I,, 


iiulii      liiti-n.il,     11,1^1,1      i,irin.,i,     ll,.i-i,i      li.Mn.il      II.  I,   I 


jUnutcHl  Nmlli  I'J  111 

ra|M' Oi.s.ipiMiiiiitiii'iit        '/.1 10 II  t:i 

itlriiili'Kt  Si. mil  11  1> 

|(i.i':il.  iit  Xiillli  1.'  1(1 

FhvI  Sli'vriH      j/.Tii \''  tilt 

'(in  all  »|  Siiiitl,  i::  :iii 

|(lriiilf»l  N'ltiiti  12  (!.'■    I 

A^li.n,^  jZiro.  .      r.'  <:)    ' 

|(;t'iiiii'>i  siMiiii  1:1  -u  I 


it 

/, 

til 

y,.i 

In. 

f..». 

/, 

.M 

!■■■ .  1 

7  !• 

I'.t 

1:1 

0.7 

l;i 

IH 

11, 1 

1- 

,12 

•  .'  '1 

7  - 

17 

m 

Ml  8 

11 

r.t 

7.2 

17 

,M1 

.  ii  - 

ft.  1 

IK 

:i-j 

|2.U 

12 

III 

7  '.I 

111 

1:1 

„  r 

fi  tl 

111 

2« 

—11.  1 

1:1 

:ii) 

!'•    2 

in 

;o 

•  2    !■ 

7  tl 

IH 

IM 

-t  It.  11 

r.' 

m< 

7  ('. 

IN 

IH 

t"  f. 

(12 

]S 

nil 

|2  fi 

12 

lit 

1.  11 

111 

21 

II  1 

«.  :i 

lU 

41 

-0   1 

1  ; 

21 

It,  7 

IH 

:;ti 

7.  7 

lu 

t.'l 

to  C 

12 

4:; 

7,7 

1!) 

1:1 

•  11  - 

9.7 

IK 

3a 

+  2.» 

12 

ai 

8.,1 

m 

41 

-II  1 

Tlie  '•  iiiteival"  ^'iven  ahove  is  to  lie  added  to  the  time  of  the  Moon's  transit  for  any  rr.|iiiivil 
day  to  '^'wr  the  tinn  of  hi^di  or  low  water  for  that  day.  The  time  of  the  Moon's  soul  hint;,  m  ii|t|iir 
meridian  transit,  is  j;i\eii  in  the  Naiilical  Almaiiae  and  in  the  'i'ide  Tallies  for  the  I'aeilic  Cn.oi: 
and  the  tiiiii' of  its  nortliiiii:.  or  lower  transit,  is  tin- middle  Iietween  two  ii|i|irr  triiii>iN  Tin 
heij:lits  are  _;\cn  in  li'it  and  tenths  and  show  the  1  ise  above  the  level  of  the  averam  of  i|m  lnwn 
low  waters,  winch  i.s  the  plane  of  n'fereiiee  to  which  the  soiindin;;s  on  the  chart  lia'.e  nil  Imn 
ictlllced. 

iSprinn-tides. — \\  the  full  ami  ehan^je  of  the  Moon  the  lii;;h  waters  will  lie  ei;;lil  Iriilhs  nC  :i 
foot  lii;;her  than  the  talmlated  li^iires  at  eaiTi  of  the  three  stations;  and  the  low  waters  mir  li;ili 
of  a  fool  lower. 

XiitlilliUs. — At  the  Moon's  first  ami  last  ipiarters  the  hi),'h  waters  will  he  eij;ht  tenth-'  ul  ,1 
foot  lower  than  the  talmlated  lit^ures  at  each  of  the  tlirt>e  stations :  and  the  low  waters  will  iini 
fall  so  low  liy  one-half  of  u  foot. 

The  general  e\|)eiieiiee  at  the  liars  of  the  North  and  South  Cliaiimd.s  is  that  the  tiili  m  iki^ 
nearly  lilly  iiiiniitcs  earlier  than  at  Astoria. 

The  I'aeilic  Tide  Talile  of  the  [' .  S.  Coast  and  (ieodetie  Survey  is  published  aiimia!l>.  Ii 
jrivestlie  time  and  lieit;lit  ofe\ery  tide  tliriiii;,diout  the  year. 

When  the  selt'reyisteiiii;,'  tide  yau;;f  of  th«'  L'.  S.  Coast  and  (Ieodetie  Survey  was  In  npmi 
tioii  at  Astoria  for  more  than  twenty  years,  it  was  eonstautly  (■onsiilteil  by  the  pilots  ami  -Imji 
captains  to  learn  tiie  cundiiion  of  the  bar.  bei^iiise  by  its  peculiarity  of  registration  the  trii<  til  'iin' 
exhibited  the  smoothness  or  rouj;hness  of  the  bar.  Since  the  tliscontiniiance  nf  this  _Mii;;f 
another,  owned  liy  private  individuals,  has  been  established  for  the  purpose  of  inilKMliii;:  tin 
eonditiiin  of  the  bar. 

The  Columbia  liivcr  was  ealh'd  the  "Ore^'on,"  Iroin  the  mere  mention  of  that  name.  li.\  1  hmi. 
in  17(i<i.     Much  doubt  exists  as  to  the  ori;;in  of  the  name. 

In  .\ucusi,  ITT."!,  Don  1:111110  de  Ileeeta  named  the  entrance,  which  he  supposed  was  .1  hi 
river,  the  lUnr.i  de  la  Asun('i<iii  or  the  Strait  of  ll«'eeta.     (See  Cape  DLsappointment.) 

In  .Inly,  IT.S.S,  Meares  named  it  Deception  IJay.     (Se«>  Cape  Disappointineiit  ) 

In  I7!t2  it  was  named  Columbia's  Kiver  by  Cray,  whoconimanded  the  American  ship  ('oliunhui. 

In  the  same  year  r»rou;;liton,  who  made  the  survey  <if  the  river  to  I-'ort  \'ancoii\«'r,  sa,\s  : 

Till'  (limitv  I  TV  i<(  I  Ills  livir  \\v  wcri'  nivrii  In  iiniliTsitaml  in  i  liilincil  liy  tlic  S|iiiiiiaiitM  wlm  cullri!  it  "  lliilii.l"  !• 
Cotn,"  afirr  llic  ctiimiiauilrr  i  Ilcicta)  nf  tlie  vi'HMin,  wlm  in  Kiid  In  liit  il.s  liiHt  iliHonvcrttr  liiit  wlio  m-vi-r  I'lilcn  il  r  :  1 ' 
lilaccH  It  III  411  . 


I'.U'llli'    (u.\>r    I'll.oT. 


471 


"•"•'■■><   "I      '(l;! 


.....  « 

.1.  r 

rv  .1 

II.  1       I 

rii.     1 

hWl. 

la  1 

)  ■-'  :i 

.'.i: 

;<> 

^ 

^lll    lillti;s  ,,f;, 
'VMlcl'.;  dlH-  hall 

;lif  ii'iiili-,  (.1  ,1 
kvatcr.s  will  iii.i 

III'  liclc  III  llvrs 

iiriiiiiall,\.    ir 

was  ill  iipcia 
lot.s  ami  ship 
lie  trar.'.l  i|'i.- 

I'f    this    ..':il,_'r 

inliraliii-  Ih. 

U',  liy  (  JIM':. 

"as  a   -I.  J 


ii    'Ijilni.j.i.l.. 
r  I'litc-rn!  If :  I  .• 


I.alci  ill  KM-  VaiicdiiMT  rrCns  tn  ilir  cJismMTv  li\  <lia,\  (il  llic  immt  anil  liailttir  iiaiiicti 
I'.iliiiniiia,  ami  nil  llirrliail  nl  l!iuii;;|it(iii  il  is  iiaiiM'il  < 'iiliiiiilila  IMm-i,  ami  on  tin- ;:fiit'ial  t-liait. 
I'hc  Ciiliiiiiliia  li'ivi'i'. 

Ill  ,laiiiiai\.  I^^Oi;,  Claikc  says  that  tlir  liiilians  rallcil  (lie  river  Ilic  .Sliocatilciliii  ;  wliilf 
;iii.i|lii'i' iiaiiM'  iihtaiiii'il  liotii  aiinilii'i  IhmIv  uI'  linliaiis  was  Cliiickalillriiiii  :  llii' t  wo  ate  i'\  iilciill.v 
|iii.  saiiii-  ciiiiiliiiialion  of  «onl>  (.'^liocatillirimi)  ilillricntlv  |ii'oiMiiim'<-<l.  'I'ln-  arcciil  .slioiiltl  Im'  on 
111!'  |iriill!l  oT  Sliocatilruiii. 

Ill  he  MiilVas"  fliaii  of  |s||  |i(.  calls  il  If"  S'   i;oi|iic.  nir.;.'oii  on  l{"  roloiiiliia.     (Ilt'ccta,  177.">.) 

Thr  lUiuli  Si<rtl(  nf  rupr  I  lisiiiipnitilmi'iil. — A  nai  row  uaii;;i'  railroad  lias  tict'ii  coniiilrli'ii  from 
llwaco,  on  li.ikcr's,  l!a\  to  the  r.'caii  liracli  iiorlli  of  ra|K-  I  »isap|ioiiitni('iit  ami  tlii'iifc  iiorlliwaiil 
ii.  Naiatta,  a  disiaiin.  oi' sixlccii  miles. 

It  eoiiiiecis  all  the  summer  ii'sorts  aloii-  tile  lieaeli,  ami  al  Naiatta  a  w  half  si.\  hnnilreij  yaid.s 
Imi;;  IS  |i|o|erle(l  from  the  .Shoal water  I'.av   shore  to  the  (lee|i  water  eliaiillel. 

rtt.di'  t.Aws  I'lii;   r(ii,iMi!i\    i!\i;  a.nh  iiivf.i;. 

The  pilolaLTe  law  of  <)re;;oti,  asameiiile<l  iii  I'eltrnaiy,  1.*<.SJ>,  is  as  loll.'Ws: 

Sl.'.rlldN  .'I'.II.S.  Tlie  eoiiipelisat  ion  alhiwe.l  for  |iilotin.^-  a  Vessel  njioii  or  o\er  lll(>  War  |)i1ot- 
^loiiml  is  ;  I'or  |iilolinjf  an  inwaril  "Pi  mii  w  ;iii|  ImhiiicI  \  e»el  to  or  froiu  Astoria  over  the  l>ar,  or  from 
\Mi  Inn  t  he  liar  to  the  ojieii  .sea.  four  ilull.ii  s  lor  e.ieh  I  no!  of  ilran^dit  of  the  \  essel,  ami  t  wo  eeiit.s 
.1  I 'Ml  for  eat'li  ion  over  one  I  hoiisaml  Inns  le^isiereil  t.iiiiia;:e:  from  in'  within  the  liar  and  Itelow 
SamI  Island,  oiii' half  of  I  lial  i.ite;  ami  li  mii  m' ahovc  Sand  Island,  one  i|iiai  ler  of  that  rate. 

Sv,i\  .">'.' 1! I.  The  eom|Mii>.ii  ion  lor  |piloliiiy  a  \  essel  upon  the  ri\ei-  pilot  ^; round  liel  ween  Astoria 
and  I'oi  thiiid,  w  liel  iier  uoini;  up  or  eniiiiiii;  dow  ii  the  rix'er,  is  I  wo  ilollars  lor  eaeli  fool  of  dian;;lil 
of  llie  xessi'l,  and  iwoeeiils  Inreaeh  toll  ovei  and  ahove  one  thoiisaiid  tiHis  register,  wliieli  .sum 
sli.ill  include  sei  \  ices  of  the  pilot  in  lakiiii;  the  \cssel  t"  and  from  the  dock  to  wliieli  the  vessel  is 
distilled.  Therioaidof  I'ilotCominissioners  is  anthori/.eil  to  pi'eserihe  a  proportionate  conipen- 
saiion  lor  pilot  service  hetweeti  other  points  on  said  ^loiind.  and  for  nioviii;:  a  ship  in  port  from 
one  doi'U  III  another,  or  t'rcnn  one  pail  of  a  doek  toaiiolhii  part  of  the  same  dock  :  lh(>(-lnM<;e 
lliiielor  ^liall  Ite  a  sum  iml  evieeililiu  live  dollais,  and  the  pilot  shall,  on  lieili;;  Iherennto  re- 
.plesled  li.\  the  mailer  of  a  ship,  lie  reipiired  lo  di>  siieh  woik,  and  for  sneh  eompelisatioii.  ICxery 
i'i\  el'  pilni  apjiolnied  and  i|nalilied  nmler  the  provisions  of  this  act,  is  retjiiired  I o  render  !i is  services 
prompt  In  for  the  conipciisation  provided  li\  law  in  pilotiii;;' any  vessel  up  or  down  the  ('olniiiliia  or 
Willamette  IJIvers  when  iei|iiested  liy  the  master  of  such  \essel.  If  a  river  pilot  shall  speak  a 
vessel  as  herein  p.ovided,  and  I  he  services  of  smdi  pilot  or  some  of  her  liver  pilot  licensed  under 
I  his  act,  selected  liy  the  master  of  sneh  vessel,  shall  lie  rejected  li\  sncli  master,  the  pilot  lirst 
s|ieakin;r  tin'  f^nid  vessel  shall  lie  entitled  tohalf  pilotage,  to  lie  recovi'i'od  of  said  master  or  vessel. 

Si:c.  .".!»LMI.  The  pilot  who  lirst  speaks  a  vessel  not  e.xciiipt  from  wiinpnl.sory  pilota;;e,  as 
lii'oviiled  liy  seetioii  ;>!tl7,  or  duly  oilers  his  services  thereto,  as  a  jiilot,  on  or  without  the  liarpilot- 


iiliid,    is   entitled    to   pilot    such   vessel   over   the  sal 


The  master  inav  decline  to  accept  tlio 


services  of  any  |iil(it,  and  may  navi;;ate  his  vessel  over  said  pilo!>rroiiinls  without  a  pilot,  liiit 
nevertheless  he  shall,  if  iinvard  liound,  jiay  lo  the  pilot  who  lirst  speaks  his  vessel  oiiedialf  of  the 
amonni  of  iiilotai;!'  to  which  said  pilot  would  have  liccn  entitled  if  his  ofl'er  had  lieen  accepted 
and  ilie  services  performed  aeconliii;;ly,  and  if  oiitvvard  lioiiiul  the  master  may  contract  with  any 
liar  pilot  licensed  under  this  act. 

A  vessel  is  exempt  from  <'ompiilsiiry  pilotairc  and  not  reipiiied  to  pay  a  jiilot  unless  one  is 
emplo.ved  (1)  when  she  is  en^fajjred  in  the  vvlialinu' or  lisliiiii;  trade;  (-)  when  she  is  licen.sed  and 
eiina;;('d  e\e'nsiv'elv  in  the  enastiii^  trade  lietweeiiany  port  in  ()rej;oii  and  any  port  of  the  Tnited 
States  on  llic  I'acilie  <"oast. 

Ship  masters  may  r<'ject  tlic  services  of  river  pilots  without  iiiciirrin;;  coinpulsory  pilotage. 

VESSEL.'^   IN    I)IsrRl„><s    Ol'K    COLIMHIA    KIVEU   ll.VR. 

Section  .">!)12  .says  that  "  the  pilot  .schooner  |  darcfnor  Mo<iili/\  lieloiiginfi'  to  the  State  of  Oregon 
shall  he  '.iiider  the  direction  and  control  of  the  IJoard  of  Pilot  Cominissiouers,  who  shall  establish 
rules  and  reunlatinns  for  the  us<' thereof."     '-Said  sehooni'r  shall  lie  kept  cruising  at  all  times  out 
side  the  Coliimliia  K'iver  liar,  with  liarpilots  on  tinard,  unless  j)reventeil  by  tempestuous  weather; 
and  .said  .schooner  shall  at   all   times,  and  al   Ihe  e.\peii-se  of  the  pilot.s,  carry  such  sullicieiit 


I 


ill 


.Ii 


I 


t  ■• 


N 


M 


ia. 


m 


'<  'j ! 


II  i 


P  i 


.^"^-^^ 


V.     ' 


li 


472  TACIKIC   (;OAsT    PILOT. 

mipply  of  provisioiiN  anil  wator  iw  iimy  Ih>  noocHHary  for  tlic  rt'Ih'f  of  vo88«>l8  in  (liNtrcss.  n  .1  mi,1i 
|>ilotH  must  at  all   tinifH  »>xt»Mi(l   aid  to  all   vcnhi-Is  in  NlmsH  of  wcatluT  or  iiM-asc  (.tM;..,s|,.i 
•  •  •  I'roruUiU  Tlint   tliiH  Nwlion  Nliall  not  ufli'ct  u»y  claim  for  Halvani  .insin^' 

out  of  Hcrvii'tiH  involving;  extraordinary  danger  or  rink." 

WASHINCJTON  I'lLOTS    FOB    THK    COM'MniA  KIVEB. 

TliKoxistinji  pilotajjo  laws  of  tlio  Territory  of  WaHliinRton  authorize  tho  following  niinpcusa 
tioii  for  pilotinc  vessflM  iM'twt'tii  the  s(>a  and  Antoria : 

lvi;rlit  dollars  per  loot  lor  the  llrst  twelve  feet  of  draught,  and  ten  dollars  per  foot  loi  i;i,|, 
additional  loot  or  lYaetion  thereof;  and  lorpilotinn  a  vessel  on  the  t'oliue  >ialiiver  hetwo  n  a-Imhh 
and  rortland,  lour  dollars  per  loot  drau;;ht. 

The  W  iishin;;t(Mi  law  I'urther  provides  for  eompulsory  half  pilotaj^e.  A  pilot  holdin;;  ;i  lii.iiicli 
from  the  \Va^hiM);toii  Pilot  Coinniissioners,  upon  speakinj;  a  vessel,  can  demand  halt  |iiImi,i;;i. 
at  the  ahove  rates  even  if  his  services  l>e  not  aeeepteil. 

This  law  may  be  amended  w  hen  WashiuKton  Territory  bocomeH  a  Statu  in  1889. 

ril.OTACJB   AND   TOWAOK    COMniNBI>. 

The  Oregon  Uailway  and  Navipition  Cnmpany  h:u<  announced  the  following  rates  for  pj|iit;i<.'i 
and  towage  of  vessels  Ironi  the  sea  to  Portland  and  return,  and  ;;uaranties  that  the  saiiir  >li;ill 
not  he  increased  for  a  juriod  of  two  years  from  May  21,  1881),  the  date  u])oii  which  the  law  Ik.  imc 
efi'ective: 

Vi'iwrh  not  oxci'cdiiiK  ^^iHi  toiiH  ro);iHt<<r fl.'iii 

Over  "(HI  tiPiiH  to  l,'Jil(l  tciim .".(Ht 

Over  l.'.'iNi  tciiiH  to  l.rmii  loiiH TmO 

OviT  I,r>(l(»  tons  to  ',',100  tons (UIO 

Over  •J.loti spocinl. 

I'hc  of  fii);^  hawsers  (I'lirti  wiiy) 'JO 

LidlitiTani'  mioii  >;raiii  and  ils  prodnils  from  I'ortlniiil  to  ARtorin,  TiO  cimiIh  |M>rtoiiof  'J,(KHI  ])oiiii<1h.  I,i;;litiTUL''' 
n|inii  other  rrei);hl  i^l  |>er  ton.  \vei):ht  or  nieasnrenient  ill  o|itioii  of  tlie  ei>iii|iiiiiy.     Moving;  it  veHsel  in  poil.  fl" 

(The  aliove  rates  are  ohiiiiiiahle  only  npo.  'he  express  eondition  that  vessels  are  |i>\mm|  li\ 
the  vugs  ami  tow  Itoats  owned  l»y  that  company,  and  jiiloted  by  pilots  in  its  emi)loy.) 

'So  Ion;;  as  this  law  ami  this  schedule  are  in  o|)eratioii  a  vessel  has  less  cxihmiso  Ii\  iIm 
employment  of  the  company's  boats  and  pilots. 

SHOALWATER  BAY. 

The  PeninHiihi.—Tho  bold  clilVs  of  ("ape  Disapjiointment,  after  extending  two  and  a  lialT  mill  • 
to  the  northwest,  ('liano*'  suddenly  to  a  low,  broad,  sandy  beach  running  in  an  almost.  stiai;,'lii  hue 
north  twenty  three  and  a  half  dcfrrees  west  (N.  '!3i°  W.)  for  nineteen  and  a  half  miles  to  I  lie  >oiiih 
erii  point  of  the  ('ntrance  to  Slioalwater  I{a.\  The  recession  from  the  straight  line  is  baiclv  hall  :i 
mile  to  the  eastward.  This  beach  is  known  as  the  "  Weather  Heach,"  and  is  the  ocean  I'loiu  ..i  iln 
Peninsula,  which  i.s  the  western  shore  of  Shoalwater  Hay,  and  which  has  an  average  wi, I ih  ni 
oiu>  and  a  half  miles  to  Leadbetter  Point. 

The  peninsula  is  a  long,  low,  Hat,  and  sandy  strip,  elevated  but  a  few  feet  alnjve  the  decin; 
It  is  marked  by  long,  sandy  ridges  re^iching  a  little  over  twenty  foet  elevation,  and  lying  iiai.ilM 
with  Ihe  (K'can  shoreline.  In  the  long  depressions  l»etween  these  sand  ridges  are  many  iMile>  ol 
narrow  marshes  and  lagoons.  This  peninsula  is  covered,  as  is  tho  entire  surface  of  Ihe  timnin. 
with  a  dense  growth  of  gigantic  forest  trees,  principally  spruce,  lir,  and  cedar,  with  a  few  .s|ieei 
mens  of  maple,  ash,  and  black  abler.  The  spruce  frequently  attains  a  diameter  of  eiglii  hei. 
.Inst  inside  the  ocean  iM-ach  there  is  a  narrow  Imrder  of  sandy  soil  in  ridges  rem-hing  over  tw,  iii\ 
feet  high,  covered  with  (ioarse  grass,  and  suddenly  changing  to  tl  e  dense  forest. 

About  four  ami  a  half  miles  lunthward  from  the  Cape  there  is  a  series  of  marshy  places  aeios> 
the  p«'ninsula  where  lires  have  destroyed  the  forest  so  as  to  leave  gaps  of  scattering  trees.  riii> 
break  in  the  forest  line  is  a  notable  feature.  There  is  another  hut  very  slight  break  larl In  r  h 
the  northward.  With  these  excej)tion8  the  peninsula  carries  its  forest  well  to  the  nortlirm  .  \ 
tremity.  Under  this  dark  line  of  trees  the  white  sand  of  tlio  broad  beach  is  very  distiin  t  nil 
bright. 

About  half  way  along  the  peninsula  low  sand  dunes  form  in  front  of  the  forest,  in  a  .lanvw 


lintrcss.  .iimI  ^|||,|| 

CllSf  of  •iN.istrl  . 

jr  Hiilva^,'!'  .iii.siii,. 


lowilip  <'<Mri|ic|is:i 

plT  fniil  I'm  |.:|ch 
'   iM'tUCCh    .\>|lp|i;l 

lidlilill;:  ;i  In.iiicli 
mill  liall  |m|u|,|m,, 

88(1. 


riitos  for  |iiliii,ni' 

tt    tllK  saiiir  >|i:i|| 
ll  tllC  law  lici;|||i(. 


...  H''ii 
. . .  r.(H) 
...    r>:.o 

...  iVW 
8|>ooial. 
...      I'd 

inuiiilN.     I.i-litiTiiu'i' 
»«'l  ill  poll,  j|i' 

n'ls  arc  town]  bv 
lo.v.) 

9   eXIH'IlSC  li\   Ilir 


i  and  a  lialf  mill  > 
nost  Ntrai^'lit  lim 
ileH  to  till'  Miiitli 
»'  is  l>ai'c'l>  ]i.\\\':\ 
HM'aii  rnmi  ii|  ihr 
averap'  widili  oi 

,l)OV»!    tin'   111  t;ili: 

,11(1  lyinp  |i:n.illrl 
rv.  iiiaiiy  Miilr>  of 
wot'  the  cimiit:). 
•ith  a  few  ,v]M(i 
ter  of  ('i;,'lit  Irri. 
liiijj;  over  lui my 

«liy  places  iiiiiiss 
riiij;  trees.  I'ln- 
break  farllnr  In 
the  northern  i\ 
■ery  distimt  :imi1 


jst,  in  a  iiain  w 


'  ^'     Ai, 


l'ai>.-  Mitmlwiitrr  I.i^ln  Im.iim'.  i;   |  ,«.  , :,;  imi,.,, 


«;.H-    IVint. 


Wreck. 


Lruillixtti'l   I'lillK.  (wiHxInl  I   irl 

HK.  }  K.,  11imil,.H. 


*•*»., 


>Iawk«  I'liiiii. 


jxi'XSli*!^:^'''-' 


-:^Jt^^i^^:^iL:m^.::.':^..m 


,«WI1>».,,tWI  >,»J>^WiirftH>*y*»*;^-.«;, ;_-^-^>Mjj»l^|lilg(W>  ^W|ii  OtlillHWm i Wil«liii». 


RniiKP  I'oiiit  tJocNM- IVinl.        M„t,.r  l.noy. 

Two  viowR  i.f  Sli04l»iil.  I  lutLuin.  wli.>ii  oiitrr  Imoy  Imam  NK.  by  K.  i  K,  H  iiiIIph. 


i^ailtittttt'r  I'diiit  («ii<i<Iim1  pari 
N.  f>«    E.,r.i  milpg. 


■  r-i'Tj. 


Point  ManxoD. 


Cape  Shonhvntrr  Liftlitliiiimc, 
N.  iij  K,  8  miles. 


--l|.|jJiS,4-^-4.ilJ!!lLJA.,,,^i,iiJ^ljJLLll.»M.liJS.  . 


:<•«■*. , 


Wreck. 


K'ri' 


i 

\ 

. »  « 


S 


'A'  i- 


iK\ 


t 


-.  .^  „ .u,tf>»)tMiiii 


C'a|M'  ShdulHiiiiT  I.  i;lil-h(iiiw. 
N.  ll!     \V.,  |.|>  1,1  ira. 


('a|»"  .Shoalwatcr  I,  i;!ii  Iidcim'.  N 


*•♦* •'t**j*'****»  f*i.»ft-i, «  A *J>»rt>#k-*»^';.".  --Me *+  it^Mu.bi.'i^Mi^hi, *!!«?*« *tinf.-  y(*fc*it|«r.#."'uMRam<M  «,*.    .  -■*. ,>**.. 


('a|M'  sli 
Iv  1)\  N. 


-  >>_^-^«<rf*«ytA.V'l*''M>l'»|.|Wl<H»»'V'>^t.'»A.K.<»«.i«.f<Mi>«^i^^  »>iti.iiigk.4i«J<!t'«ri*«.*iM*.<Mi. l«iil(*«(il)HMNi*«l«Jj«>,«t»-'' M:'i.,^^aflfc, 


CiijM'  ShdulwHiiT  I.  4lit-h<>u>.',         l,.'ii(H.ctliT  I'liiiit  (wcKxlfd  pint),  N.  i  K.,  n  milc». 
N.  l;!    \V.,  11)  Ml  Ics. 


r-iiMuut4iu  .1 >?*i-  mm 


Capi-  .Shoalwater  I.  tlii  li(iii-.c.  N.  ^  W.,  9i  niilen. 


I.lMlllitUtlT  I'oilit  '  Wnu,t,.|l  i.arli 

V  ;!K    K.,  .|j  mil.-, 


A»««*i»«w,i(.-'*«^j»m«M|"W*.    .-•*,..«>.,» 


Capr  Sli(>:ilHaliT  l.ij;lii -liciMsi', 
r.    l.\  N.  i  N,,  I,  „iilf«. 


Kuii^'c  I'liiiit. 


/ 


^ 


>Pi''  i 


m 


,|i;  ^^ 


f;:| 


m-    ;! 


i|i! 


^i  ■ 


■  ■.-kin  : 


iii 


'S*    !f 


H 


m:f  \ 


li: 


m  I : 


t;f 


'  if 


U:'i  ■■!■]  i: 


R:iiin.p 


ii 


3|;  !\ 


I'ACIIMC    COAST    )'II,()T. 


473 


Mni>  at  first  hut  Kiailiiiill.v  iiK^rciisinfi  in  liroailtli  until  witliiii  two  and  a  liiilf  niih's  of  the  point 
Iflicrc  tlicsc  dunes  rcaeli  deaf  across  and  tlic  tit-cs  ccasf  on  tlic  bay  sliorc. 

A  little  norlli  ot'CajM"  IHsappointinent  iIhtc  is  a  cluster  of  lionses  Just  hack  from  the  heaeli ; 
and  live  or  six  miles  taitlici-  north  there  is  aiuithei'  cluster  of  houses.  These  are  the  only  houses 
Tisihle  from  seaward  alou},'  the  whole  line  of  the  peniiisida  (I.s,S."(). 

Alouf;  !lie  seaward  face  of  this  peninsula  the  depth  of  water  is  ten  fathoms,  over  lino  Rray 
■niid,  at  an  averajjc  distance  of  two  and  a  half  mill's  from  shoic.  The  twenty-fathom  depth  is  at 
five  to  live  and  a  half  miles,  over  line  ^^lay  sand  and  mud,  up  to  latitude  It; '.'Id'.  The  linti  of 
fttrty  fathoms  is  eleven  miles  from  shore,  o\er  daik  jiiay  saml  and  lirown  mud. 

Liiiilhiitd'  I'lnut. — The  entrance  to  Shoalwater  May  is  about  two  ami  a  half  miles  wide 
lK'tW4'cn  low  sand  points  on  the  ncuth  and  south  sides. 

The  southern  side  of  the  entrance  is  I.eadlietter  I'oiut.  which  is  the  northern  and  hare 
extiiiiiity  of  the  peninsula  Just  desciil)ed.  It  is  a  low  ]point  of  sand  dunes,  unmarked  by  trees  or 
bushes,  and  has  coarse  jiiass  only  in  a  few  places.  It  curves  inward  towards  the  norlhea.st  about 
.  «ne  and  a  (piarler  miles  from  the  fieiieral  line  of  the  weather  beach.  The  northernmost  part  of 
41ie  point  bears  north  niiu'tccn  de},'rees  west  (X.  HP  \V.),  distant  twenty-one  miles  t'roin  the  North 
Bead  of  Cape  I)isai»pointiinMit. 

It  lias  no  distinctive  mark  to  indicate  its  position  nearer  than  the  northern  extremity  of  the 
tiees  on  the  bay  sluu-e  of  tin'  peninsula,  two  and  om'-lliird  miles  from  the  entrance  to  the  hay. 
This  limit  of  the  trees  is  a  little  over  a  mile  inside  of  the  outer  beach,  and  in  latitude  MP  .'J(iJ'. 
It  bears  south  thiity  three  de;;iees  east  (S.  ,';;; '  !■;.)  distant  six  ami  three-<jiuirters  miles  from  Capo 
Bhoalwater  Lifjlit  house. 

.As  chan}j;es  aie  cinitiinndly  takiuf;-  phice  in   the  elianinl  or  chanirels  leadin<;  into  the  hay,  so 

4I01  s  the   point   clian;;*'  somewhat    its  outline.     In    IS.'ii!   the  low,   sainly  point  l)eyonil  the  trees 

'extended  oidy  half  a  mile  to  the  northwestwaid  :  but  foi'  two  miles  faithcr  northward  there  were 

jSJai'^c  areas  bare  at  low  water,      lietbre  the  suiAcy  of  IS7I   these  bare  places  were  coniu'cted  with 

j^he  lixed  poiTil  to  the  sonlliwaid.  and  the  point  actually  reached  twomiles  farther  to  the  imrthward, 

,^fthercby  decreasing;-  the  width  of  the  entrance  at  hi>;h  water  by  that  much.     It  was  then  reported 

i^o  be  t'ormeil  of  loose  sand  which  drifts  and  chan;:es  with  e\cry  wind. 

:V        The  approximate  jieof^raphical  position  of  the  extremity  of  the  jioint,  as  it  existed  in  187(5,  was: 

fl.iitiliidi' Id     :!-    :1T  ■  iKirtli. 
„                       LiiiiHiliiili' l','l     11:!'  IHI     west. 

% 

f)^         This  jxiint  was  called  liow  I'oint  by  .Meares  in  July,  17SS.     It  was  named  Leadbetter  Point  by 
•^llie  U.  S.  Coast  Survey  in  1S.">l',  and  has  retained  this  name.     The  hulian  mime  of  the  peninsuhi 
'is  Tee  ehoots. 

CAI'K    .SH(IAI,\VAT1'.I{. 

■'Y        This  is  the  northern  point  of  the  eniiance  to  Shoalwater  I>ay.     Ft  is  a  low  ])oint,  covered  in 
]iail  uilh  liccs,  but   consists  of  liare  sand  south  <il'  the  LiKht  house.     When  seen  from  .seaward 

the  III f  woods  St  ret  riles  lo  ilii'  norlli  w  aril,  anil  this  and  the  extreme  point  are  iMojected  aiiainst 

,.l:  the  hi;rlier  wooded   lands   beyond   the  bay.      Iiiimedialely    to   the  northward   I  lie  wooded  hills  are. 

fe<niiparatively   elo.sc;  but    when   thi'  liij;lit-lioiise   bears  east   by  north  it  is  projected  on  the  more 
distant   hills. 
When  the  Cape  is  sci'U  Irom  the  south   bv  east  half  east,  at  a  distance  of  t  went  vtwo  miles, 
only  the  tree  tops  (>n  the  hi;rher  part   of  the  point  are  visible,  and  the  trees  on  l.eadbetter  I'oint 
.^t  are  a  little  better  .seen.     Cajie  Shoalwater  is  the  westernmost  land  visible,  but  its  inner  part  ami 
;  Leadbetter  Point  are  projected  on  a  low  line  of  distant  hills. 

When  the  Cape  bears  north  by  west,  distant  litteen  miles,  it   is  iirojected  on  the  high  land 
^he.\ond  which  fades  out  as  a  low  point  a  little  westward  of  the  Ca|ie. 

W  hen  the  Cape  bears  east   by  soulli.  distant  live  or  six  miles,  it  shows  as  a  low  point  with  a 

rhite  sandy  bea<'h  line  and  a  dark  line  ol'  Inishes  apjiareiitly  from  the  l.luht  house  to  \\w  hijiher 

(forest  line  northwar<l.     This  dark  line  of  Imslics  is  really  the  tops  of  trees  on  the  low  land  back 

jf  the  sand  ridge  ui)oii  which  the  Light  house  is  locati'd.     A  low  line  of  trees,  like  an  isla.nd,  shows 


rell  in 


the  hav  farther  lo  the  southeast;  this  is  (Joosc  Point  at  the   mouth  of  the  Palux  IJivcr. 


■adhetler  Point  is  seen  oidy  at  the  point  of  the  trees. 

When  Ca))e  Shoalwater  I, ight  house  beats  about  southeast  by  east  half  east,  and  distant  nine 
Iniiles,  the  long  low  saml  point   to  the  sonthuard  of  the  liiglit  house  is  not  visible,  hut  the  Ca))0 


b\% 


M 


^^f  il 


H 


rWl 


nft 


'f'^M 


U   >^ 


474  pAciiK"  (OAsr  I'li.oT. 

8lio\vs  as  11  nilluT  loiijr,  hiiiv,  saiid.v  point,  sli-jlitly   lii;;licr  at  its  soiitli.-rii  fxtiviiiiiy  "h.:,  ii,,. 

1,1^'lit  litmsi"  is  sitiiaii'il ;  ami  tliis  |)iiiiit   is  pnijiTtrd  on  llir  ilisiaiit  iiinimtaiiis  lo  tl i-;  ,  n.i  ,,t 

SlioalwattT  liav.  .Inst  to  llic  noiihwanl  oC  tin-  liarc  sainl  ri(l;;c  arc  tlic  trees  on  iIm' I.,  j  i,,,,! 
hetwfi'ii  it  and  till'  lii;:lier  wooded  lainl  to  the  noitliward  of  (ape  Sintalwater;  liie  eMunnn  ,,| 
this  hi.uhiM'  land  shows  as  a  ronnd  hill  with  a  saddle  liehind  it. 

The  Lijiht  house  at  ('ape  Shoalwater  hears  north  thirty  nine  de};rees  west  (N.  .ill  W  .1.  .lisi.im 
four  ami  a  halt'  miles  tVotn  the  extri'mit  v  of  I,eadhetter  roint.  and  slamls  on  the  soiilhci  n  eMivmn^ 
of  a  sand   iid};e  aliont   tiftv   feet    hiuh;   Iml    it    is  neail.\    I  woiniles  from  tlie  end  ol  the  luu, -imi, 

point  which  stretches  thence  towards  I.cadlietlcr  I'oinl.     This  sand  p.:int  is  one  of  two  hniu mii_ 

points,  south  and  east  of  the  l,ij,dil  house  whicii  hutU  a'^  if  they  v  ere  drau^icd  into  the  l>.i\  \<\  il„ 
force  ol  the  wind  and  water. 

Nnrlliward  from  the  l.i^lit  lions-  there  is  a  stretch  of  low  sand  dniics.  half  a  iiiile  wide.  1..  uv,., ,, 
the  Iteach  ,ind  the  trees.  This  width  decreases  j;iadiially  towards  (Irak's  llailior,  ,iiii|  .11  ,:. 
narrowe.xt  part  is  ahoui  two  hundred  and  lill>  ,\ards  wide. 

The  sandy  piojcction  from  the  exticniily  of  the  tii'cs  on  l.eadhctter  Toiiil  and  that  liom  c.ii,, 
Shoalwater  contract  the  cut  ranee  to  the  l>a\  totwoanda  hall  iiiiics;  lint  this  width  can  imt  K,- 
relied  upon  liecaiise  each  point  ot'  the  entrance  is  Miliject  to  freipient  and  irregular  chan-is.  In 
1S.S.">  there  was  a  Ion;;  shoal  exiendiii;;'  three  and  three  ipiarters  miles  directly  south  troin  iIhia 
Ireinily  of  Cape  Shoalwater,  where  its  lireadlh  was  over  two  miles.  The  tail  of  this  slm.il  h.i, 
nearly  as  tar  south  as  the  extremity  of  Ledhctter  Point,  and  the  cliaiiiicl  to  the  lia.\  i.iii  iiiulii  :\,r 
eastern  side  of  the  shoal  on  a  course  north  In  east. 

There  has  lieeii  an  opinion  that  the  appearance  of  the  approaches  In  Shoalwater  l'>:iy  :iii  \i\\ 
similar  to  those  at  the  Colnmliia  K'ivcr.  Iml  we  lia\e  liecii  nnalile  to  detect  aii.s  rescinlilin.  .•  ;i|iri 
passiiiix  near  it  .several  times.  The  Isolated  |iositioii  of  Cape  I  >isappointiiienl.  Its  hci;;hi,  iml  lin- 
Neawaid  face  of  its  liold,  rocky  el  ills  wiihoiil  tices  torm  a  peculiar  feature.  This  with  .'-^cai  Ih.i.hiji 
Hill,  the  halfcleaieil  top  nf  Coxcdinb  Mill.  S.iddlc  .Mountain,  and  Tillamook  Mead,  shoiilil  11  ii:ii\i 
all  ilonlit  in  regard  to  the  ^;eiieial  rcscinlil.incc.  Muicover,  I  he  dilVeieme  in  latitude  1^  il,iii\ 
miles.  It  is  claimed  that  in  thick  weather,  when  I  he  hi;;h  land  is  covered  w  itli  lia/c.  sninKr.  m 
foj:.  the  Ion;;  line  of  low  beach  to  the  sipiilh  ol  the  entrance  lo  Shoalwater  I'.a.N  icsemlilcs  ili;ii  .• 
Clatsop  I  leach  ;  and  t  lien  the  higher  wnodcd  part  of  ( 'ape  Shoalwater  may  he  mistaken  toi  (  .i|  1  1 1  - 
appointment.  In  support  of  this  ex  pla  nation  we  have  the  lepoils  of  se\eral  vessels  actiiall.N  eiiilc.u 
orin;:  to  enter  the  lia.x  under  the  misappii'licnsion  that  it  was  the  Colniiiltia.  ami  that  oilii  is  |.,n,. 
het'ii  wicckcilon  the  North  liieakcrs.  The  ex|danal  ion  is  iiiisal  isfacloi  \,  ami  .1  iia\  i;;aloi  w  ihuln,  , 
not  know  the  co.ist,  or  his  posiilnii  cUisely,  should  ccitaiiily  use  the  lead  in  appioaihinu  ^^ll.l:  in 
eon.siders  the  Coluiii'iia  Ki\er. 

1111;    I.Hill  1   IlofSi;   <iN    (AIM'.   .^lIoAI.V.ATf.i;. 

This  is  a  secondary  sea  coast  li;;lit.     The  l.iuhi  house  at  this  point  is  si  iialed  lwoihiiil-Mi 
mile  inside  the  ocean  licach  at  the  com n  eiiceineiit  ol  the  fast  land,  at  tin'  highest  part  ol  ili.s.nil 
dunes,  and  cle.ir  of  the  trees  from  the   nortliw  aril.      It  lies  I  wi'iity  liye  and  a  i|uarlei    iiiili  ■  im.iiI 
t  went  y -foil  r  dc;;rees  west  (N.  L' P  \V.)  from  the  Ninth  Mead  of  Cape  I  >isappoiniiiierit. 

The  slriictiire  cuusists  of  a  keeper's  dwcllin;;,  with  a  tower  risin^  lliroii;;h  it  and  sin  ludini.,! 
Iiy  an  iron  lantern  painted  lilaek.  The  tower  is  the  triistum  of  a  cime.  The  dwelling  ami  i.'V>>  1 
are  plastered  and  w  hitew.islied,  hut  are  not  conspicmms  olijci'ls.  The  illiimiiiatiii;;  app:i'  1;  - 
olllie  fourth  order  (d'  the  .systc  n  of  I'lesnel  ami  shows  <(  //,//(/  irliiti  Ihjlit  nuint  liii  <i  irlnh  f.nsii 
enrji  lin>  in  in  11  lis.  It  illiiminati  s  the  entire  se.i  and  hay  hoi  1/1. n.  hut  there  are  no  c.iladiopi  1  ;■■  riii;;s 
towards  the  loiest.  It  was  lii-t  exhihited  on  Oclolier  1,  Is.'iS,  und  shows  fiom  siiii-d  t..  miiiiim'; 
The  liei;:lit  of  the  focal  Jilaiie  is  thirty  live  feel  above  the  -roiiiiil  ami  eii:hl\  live  Icet  above  ll  .  mhmIi 
level  id' the  .sea.     In  favorahle  eomlitions  of  the  weather  llie  li;;lit  should  hi' seen  liom  a  la  i-l;l  "1— 

111  liM'l  ill  il  (tisliiiicc  111'  1  1  null's. 
•JO  IV'rl  lit  il  (liNtiim  1' lif  111  inilrs. 
:tO  Ci'i't   lit  ;i  ilisliiiii f  IT  nulls. 

The  ;,'eor,rrapliioal  iiosilion,  as  determined  by  the  C.  S.  Coast  and  (leodclic  survey,  is: 

l.i.lilnil.- •'!      >•'    """' 

l.,i.,;;ilM,l.. 1^'     '"     -■I    _  »'■'•' 

Ur,  in  liiiii' '^"   ''■'    '''■' 

The  imiKiu'tii'  variation  was  ijl    ."»S'  east  in  .laniiary,  ISS."i,  with  a  .\early  inciease  of  1.  s. 


aCIIIC    coast    IMiOT. 


475 


III  r;l|l  linl  l„, 
r  I  hllll^i's.  Ill 
III    lllllll    III,.  ,.\ 

lill^  ^Ii.mI   »  ,, 

■'.III  iiiiijii  ihi. 
r  Miiv  :ii.'  Mi\ 

•  Mlllllail.  !■  ;||||.i 
H'lj^lll,  .IIKJ  ||,|. 
Il  SlMI  lil.|iM|;;il 
nIiiiIiKi  liliiin,. 
Itllilr  l>  lluil\ 
i:i/l'.  Mllllkr,  <>| 
I'llllill'S    IJKII    ,.| 

'II    llll    (  '.ip(     |l|V 

■lii;ill\  ii'cii'.i, 

ill  III  III  I-  Im\i' 
yilllll    U  lllll|ol^ 

h-Iiiiil;  nji.il  lie 


uii  lliiiiK  1. 1  ,1 

;llt  III  lIlr.-.ILlI 
•I      mill-     Ilnllj. 

I. 

Ill  Niii  iiiiii|ti|i,| 
iiil:  ;inil  inMii 
>^  ;i|i|i:u.ilii.s  s 
if  nil  ill  r'lifli 
lilln|il  I ;.   i:ii:.s 

M'l  III  ^II'IIIM'. 
Illl\  r  llll  llir.lll 
I  il  iifi;.'hl  Ill- 


Till'  li;.'lit  iit  CiippSlioiiIwiitiTwiis  (liscoiitiimcil  Scidt'inltcr  1,  1S50,  iiiiil  icliKlitcd  in  tlii'  cjul.v 
|iiirl  of  .Inly,  1S(!1. 

I'roin  ('a[w  ISlioiihviitfr  Iji;,'litliou8i.'  we  liiivo  tin-  Collowiii},'  bciiriiigsaml  distaiiccs  to  iiniiortiiiit, 


Illljl'Cl.'' 


t'api'  Oirmil  I.inlit-lii 


(Japr  (iri'U'iry   l-i>:lil  Iiihin 


S.    I'.)' 


•■(•llll 


lia  llrails  M;:lil-liiiiis 


'rillaliiii'iU  limU  Lii;li(-lii<nNi'(iiiit  liilrrvisjlilr) .S.  St 

Nnlili  Ilriiil  111'  Ciijii    l>i>a|i|iiiiiiliiiriil S.  •.'•.' 


S.   17}'   K.        2:il  iiiilrH. 

•JO-J  inilrM. 

l-.'-J  liiili'.i. 

■H  liiilrs. 


llrslnlrliiin  lulailil  (ihhimimmI  situ  nl'  I.iulll-lliilisr) . 
.Ia;:^i'il  Isli'l  ami  Ciiniill   KnrU  near  Ciipr  .ImIihshii 


N.  ;i-l     W. 
N.    lui     \V. 


■|j  mill' 
■'^  mill' 


"'i     lIMlrH. 


'I'lic  ronisi' itf  tlii>  stciiiniTs   liclwi'i'ii   Sun    r'niiicisi't)  iiiul   tlio  Strail    uC  I''iiri 


iliout  thirty 


iniirs  iiiilsiili'  III'  ('ii|K',  Slioiilwiitcr,  miil  tlir  Li,L;lit  tliiTi'lon;  is  not  visihlo,  hut  tlu'  lii;;li  iiioiintaiiis 
nil  till'  iMst  siili'  i(t'  tlir  Itil.v   iiri'  si'cii. 

I.ij'i- Siiriiiii  Stdlloii. —  A  (iistcliiss  lil'i' sii\iiif;  stiitioii,  with  coiiiiilcti'  appiinitiis  and  cri'w 
iiluavs  on  (liilv.  is  loralcil  ihmt  Cniir  SlioiilwaliT  on  the  north  shori'  of  Ivitjhthoiisi'  Cove. 

The  iioini  Wiis  ii;iiin'il  ('a|ii>  Shoiilwati'i  in  Jiilv,  17SS,  liyMi'iui's,  who  plari'il  it  in  latituilo 
IIP  17'.  In  IT'.t-  Viuniiiiver  iissiunt'il  tu  il  llii'  liititinh'  ICi"  Id'.  It  was  vii'wi'il  iioin  the  northern 
piiil  of  Ciipi'  Disiipiiitintnu-nt  by  Lewis  iinil  Chirki'  in  ls(l.">,  and  was  calli'd  roint  I/i'wis.  In  tlii' 
lirsi  survey  oC  1>».">J  it  Wiis  ntinii'd  Toke  Point  rroni  an  nhl  Imliiin  ehier;  lint  this  niinie  is  now 
a|i|ilieil  to  the  low  jioint  inside  the  bay  four  and  a  liiiM  miles  ciistward  oC  the  Li^dit  house.  The, 
liiiliiin  name  ol'  the  point  Is  (,)iialipt-suni. 

(iiHifiil  Ptscn'jitiiin  III'  Shanlirdlif  Hay. — Insideof  the  lony;  peninsula  the  bay  stretches  soutli- 
soiiiiieii>t  tor  ei;;hleen  miles  from  mid cntriinee,  with  an  aver;ij;e  breiidth  of  four  miles.     The  shores 

iilireast  the  entrance  the  northein  jiiiif  of  the  bay  runs  e:ist- 


;lie   m'tirlillly    low. 


mmciiiateiv 


iirlliiM 


<t.  sijiiiire,  in  rruiii  the  coast  line,  for  ten  miles  to  the  fnnt  of  the  wonded  hi^jlihinds  between 


uiiich  empties  the  Whilapa'li  K'iver, 
minor  bavs  which  receive  small  strei 


Tile  north  shine  is  M'ly  irri'^iular  and  broken  into  .se\eral 
IS  fi'iini   the  north. 


'J'lie  biiv,  as  its  mime  implies,  is  so  full  of  sh 


thiit  iit   low  water  about  one  half  of  its  area 


IS  laid  biiie.  The  ;L;real  shoal  immediiitcly  inside  the  entiiince  stielciies  two  miles  nortliwiird  from 
l.eadhcller  Point.  The  slioiiis  were  formerly  covered  with  shell  tisli  iimon.i;  which  the  oyster  was 
Ihr  most  abundant  and  the  principal  ailicle  of  export.  The  imtivc  oysters  are  simill  iind  liav»>.  a 
ciippcry  liiste.  The  sniiply  had  been  nearly  exhausted,  in  part  on  !iccouiit  of  some  diseirse ;  but 
care  is  liciiiLicxciclscil  in  tliiir  cult  ivatioii,  and  the  supply  is  iccoveiin^'.  I'ish  of  all  kinds  abound, 
and  t'ormerly  the  wild  foul  from  tiic  iioitli  covered  the  Wiitcrs  of  the  bay  iuid  all  the  sti'cainsand 
iiiaislies. 

The  p;iit  of  the  biiy  north  of  the  line  from  Le;idbetler  Point  to  (loose  Point  is  lociilly  known 
as  llie  North  I>iiy,  iinil  the  rest  to  the  southward  as  the  South  Pay. 

The  shores  of  the  bay,  uith  the  exception  of  the  peninsula  side,  are  mostly  comiiosed  of  low 
ii. inks  of  a  siinds  chiv  In  which  ;ire  stiiita  of  recent  tossil  shells  iind  the  reniiiins  of  trees.     Where 


these  batiks  are  Wiisli 


liv  till     w  liters  ol  till'  liiiv  llicv  li;i\e  n 


earlv  vcitical  dills  and  iire  covered 


III  top  with  a  dense  utowtli  of  tirs  and   iitiilcrbrusli  to  the  eilue. 


T 


le  eastern  sliore  o 


f  tl 


Pa  v.  fioiii  (loose  Point  i.aind  to  the  Neinur  I'ivors,  is  a  level  tablo- 


id covered  with  tt 


mil  noticciiblc  with  its  brij;lit  washed  clifVs.     The  double  jxiint  Just  west 


of  the  moutlis  of  the  ri\ers  forms  two  \ery  cons]iiciious,  steep,  bii,i;lit  clilVs,  wooded  on  to|);  and 
on  the  extreme  point  is  a  second  j;rowtli  of  forest  trees.  Pet  ween  the  Nemiir  and  the  Niisal  Pivers 
llieie  are  also  a  few  bri;i;ht  clitls,  noticeably  about  two  miles  south  of  the  fotiner  rivers,  iind  another 
ji^t  northwest  of  the  mouth  ot  the  Niisal  Piver.  Put  the  land  is  hilly  near  the  .shores,  and  rises 
ipiite  lii;;li  on  the  north  side  of  the  month  of  the  latter  river. 

The  entire  country  surrounding;  Shoalwater  Pay  is  densely  forested,  and  from  its  shores  there 
has  been  taken  the  lary:est  iind  clearest  of  all  the  northern  tirs  forlower  masts  to  the  .uroat  dipper 
ships  in  the  California  trade. 

Several  streiims  enter  tlie  bay,  iind  there  are  jrooil  but  narrow  channels  Ihroushont  its  extent 
leadiii},' from  them.  At  low  water  these  diannels  .itc  all  dearly  detincd  by  the  shoals  on  either 
side,  and  the  currents  then  run  with  f;Teat  velocity  and  it  is  ditlicult  to  keep  a  cour.sc  iit;iiiiist  them. 
The  streams  are  all  of  limited  extent.     The  principal  one  cmiities  into  the  northeastern  anjile  of 


the  bay,  and  i.s  called  the    Whilapah*     The  iiimilh  of  this  rivi 


r  lies  exactly  ten  miles  e 


<t   b 


Till'  Wliil-a-iiali  Iiiiliaiis  aiv  extiml.     'riii'  tnn'  iiamr  \»  Ah  wliil-a-iiiili  nr  Ali-wliil-!aiisb. 


11^  i. 


I 


I 


»! 


|li 


'I,    '(■ 


i 


t'    !> 


I    J 


I 


•J7r, 


TAClriC    CnANl'    I'll.nr. 


Ill  1 1(1 


iiortli  Iiiilf  iioHli  (R  hy  \.  h  N.)  from  ('iip«'  Slioalwalfr   Li;:lil  I sc  aiu)  nini>  iin.l   a   li.,  r  ,|„|, 

nortlicast  by  oast  (MO.  by  K.)  IVom  tlii>  tirsl  iM-dhiiDV  in  Hit- ciilrancc  li>  llic  Lav.  .\|., 
iniltvs  back  from  the  sliorc  to  tin-  nortlnvanl  ol  tin-  nver  llir  nil;:c  of  lii-h  woi.d.il  l,, 
nortliwcst  and  sonllica.st,  and  .shows  six  or  more  weakly  dcdncd  liill  tuiis  iVoin  one  il 

lliirtfon   liundrfd   f<'»'t  in  lici^ilit    to  break  ilsonllinf.     'riic  cMrcn nd  of  IJanm   1 

sontli  and  wt'st  sido  of  tiic  river's  niontli,  is  low  and  niaisliv  and  is  not 


iih:    ii„1  j, 
I'ihI.  i^ii  |1„ 


u'  river  at  its  inontli  is  less  than  a  i|iiarter  nC  a   mile  wide,  wiili  low,  maisliy  1 


seen  nntii  a  \  esx  i 


Mill' 


I-    IMMI 


e  bet  Ween  sleep.  In 


uel\ . 


!■!  ;.-! 


it.     Tl 

inarsii  land.  lhron;;li  wliieb  tbe  river  eomes.  is  alxiiit  a  mile  and  a  lialf  w  id 

forested  hill  side.s.     It  is  rejtorted  that    the  river  is  na\  iyable  lor  \  esseN  diawiii::  I 

ten  mile.s  from  its  monti 

On  this  river  are  the  villa;;es  of  South  IJeiid.  I.'iverside,  and  Woodward's  l.aiiijiii::.  s!ii,|, 
son's  Sawmill  is  at  Sontii  I'lend.  and  when  this  and  tlie  inill  on  Nasal  IJiver  are  niiiniii^  iIk  \  shm 
live  or  six  earfjoe.s  per  moiitli.  The  eliannel  fiom  the  \\  hil  .i  pah  is  know  n  to  naviuatoi- :iv  iln 
North  Channel,  and  carries  three  fallicnns  of  water  from  its  monih. 


Tlie   month  (d'  the   I'i'lii.r    /i'/(<  c,  Jiisi    lo   tlie  eastward  of  (loose    roiiit.  is   lealh 


:lll    r»!ii.in 


tliree-(piaiteis  of  a  mile  wide  to  the  small  slieaiii  which  eomes  lliioiif;li  low.  maisliv  I.ukI-  .mn 
the  hills.  The  month  is  marked  b\  <  loo.-e  I'oint.  w  hieh  lies  four  miles  north  seventy  si\  in  ih  jm 
east  (N.  77"  I'..)  from  I.eadbetter  roini. 


In  an  indentation  of  the  east  shoie  of  the  l>a\ .  Iieariii;:  east  tioin  <  )ysterville,  empiv  i 


"Il  xiii.iii 


■■lite  c.j   llii> 


streams  called  the   Xnrtli  and   South    Sriiinr   liir,>s.     The  double  point   at   the   west 

little  bay  is  tbnr  and  three  unarters  miles  .south  eiji;hty-seven  lie^iiees  east  |S.  S7      K.)  I'loin  ili,. 

outer  end  of  the  wharf  at  Oysterville. 

The  .\ilsiil  A'/rcr  enters  in  the  sonthe.istei  ii  ]iart  of  the  bay  belmnl  l,«mj;  Island.     The  n ih 

is  half  a  mile  wide  and  appareiillv  blocked  b\  a  projection  from  I.on^  Island.  The  eliiiirii  1  I.miI 
iny;  to  it  cari  ies  not  less  than  three  fathoms,  and  at  the  mouth  theic  is  a  depth  of  l\vr!ii\  in ;. 
There  are  lii;;h.  wooded  banks  on  either  siih'  ot'  the  1 1\  er.  but  w  here  these  spiead  apail  tin  .  .him 
is  tilled  w  il  li  II, lis  and  maislies.  Theie  is  a  saw  iiiilj  on  the  Nasal:  il  is  \  i.Nible  finin  i  iir  .iiiiii..i 
aue  olV  ( »\  s'ei  \  ille.  The  mouth  of  the  livei'  is  six  miles  southeast  b.\  east  iSf",,  li\  I'..;  linii]  liir 
outer  end  of  the  Ovsteiville  whart. 


A   tiw    sni.dl  stieams    cuter  the  south    pait    of   the  bay,   and   two  of  them   reach 


llr.ll  1\   |. 


liakei's  r.a\ .  on  the  Columbia  Itiver.  atfordin;;  ;,'ood  portage  thereto. 

The  north  shore  of  the  ba.\  is  \er.\  iiie;;iilar  and  is  di\  ided   into  three  small  bays  li\  i!i.^  |.|. 
Jeetionsof  Hawks  I'niiit  and  Toke  roiiit.     The  easternmost  of  these  inileiitations,  near  lln   Win 


It    hii;!!  water  ol 


le  and  oiielialf  miles  wii 


le  and  ncarh  that  distance  into  it 


S  lie. Ml.  .11:' 


a  pall.  i> 

has  hi;;li,  wooded  shores.  Into  the  northeastern  ati^jle  of  this  bay  eiu|ities  the  .\cf(iminiiln 
known  as  the  \nrtli  h'irn-.  It  h.is  si.x  feet  <d'  water  in  a  channel  under  the  west  shore  of  ih 
The  bend;i  of  this  river  ceine  i  pi  it  e  close  to  .some  of  the  tributaries  of  tlie  Chehalis  Iiiverempi 
into  Cirav's  Harbor. 


pl.VIIU 


lull)  the  midole  cove,  bet  ween   Hawks    I'oint  and  Toke   I'oint,  I'liiptics  a  small  streain  <':ill.il 
the  ( '(//(()•  li'iri  r. 

The  west<'iiiniost  indentation  of  the  north  shore,  ^ciiciallv  called  the  /,/«//'/  lunisc  <  m, 
stream  cnipt.V  in;;    intuit.      Al   the   head  of  1  he  cove,  lllldel^  the  li!i;li.  womieil  shore,  is  seen   .  jh'.il' 

of  liiill.ses  ;   this  is   t  he  \  ilkliic  of  the    Indian    I.'eservat  ion.      .\    ^' I    cliamiel  leads  into   ll         .(,. 

liraiiehin;;    to   the    lioithwaid    from    the    main    channel    when    ncailv     up    with    the    bl.n  ^ 
iiiarkin.u  the  .leiiliy    I'oid   Spit.     The   I.i;:ht  house  steamer  aiicliois   in   this  cove  when  .-iii         :. 
the  station.      It  is  a  \er\  sun;;  and  well  p'otected  anehora;;e.     The  lifesaviiij;  station  is  ;  •  iini 
on  tin'  north  shore  of  this  cove. 


There  are  several  ialiimls  in  the  Hay. 

I'iiii  Islmid  lies  one  and  oriethird    miles  southwest    one  third  wes 


t    (S\V.  '   W.I   fri 


I'oint,  and  one  and  two  thirds  miles  iiorih   by  west   half  west   (N.  b.\   W  .  .[  \\'.<  liom  Coo>.    f 
mall  sand  islet,  four  or  livi'  acres  in  extent,  covered  with   low,  stunted   llr  trees  aii'l    ■ 


It  is  a 
t;rass. 


It 


IS    III    till 


middle  of  the  extensive  oystei   .teds  in  this  Jiart  of  the  ba.\ .     Tlic  I 


inli.i^t  II  iini^ 


of  the  island  is  Nasstoo. 

Westwatd  of  I'liie   Island   theie  is  a   low,  s 


(iidv  island  called  Siitni  Islniul.     it  is  in 


l\  tiat  of  the  siirvev  of  l.S.-,L'.     <»n  this  tlat,  which  is  on  tin 


tion  of  the   lonji,  bare,  saiid.v 

(d   the  north  channel,  are  two  bare  rid.ues,  one 

Ishind.  and  liieothei,  Sandx  between  Sna.u  Island  and  <ioo.se  I'lUllt. 


known  as  the  iUhn  Saiiils  to  the  westw.inl 


l'A(;lllC   fOAsT   IMI.UT. 


'>■  A I  ■..,111,,, 
""'"■'I  I.H  .1  nil,. 
""■  tliiii:  Mill  („ 
;"'  ''"iiii.  .'I,  tl„. 

'    \  ''NSfl    |v  licit 

>  I'.HiK-      Tl,  , 


•177 


■'ll'lill;:.      sii,i|, 
III-   Il:r\  ^||,|, 
\  l^.ltol-.  :|v  til, 


.^      l.lllcU    .lllhihj 

-<■^|•ll  i|r:ji(,s 

lllpl\    IU,.MIl,lii 
'><t    sill.'  n!    tl.is 

•'••)   rmiii  III,. 

<i-       Till.  lIHMllll 
I"  <'ll;illllrl  ||.,h| 

iif  iMi.iii\  r,.,!. 
Ill  111,  ,,,lll.,. 

mil  III).  .iiii.|iii|. 

'>  I'.,  tinlii  lii,. 
'Ml'll      IM..Ill_\    I.. 

ly^  li\  t!i..  |ii,, 

iii'.ii   III,-  Willi 

'    lis   lllMll.  ,|l|,l 

roiiKliitli, ,  II, m 
iri'  oT  111,.  Liu. 
i\  IT  ciiipiv  ill: 

>lii':ili,  ■■.illi'il 

(■>'<"■        I 

<  ■-,  ,1,   I  ^iiiiij, 

Mill     I  I'  ■■.,-. 

■     III.,,   ' 

n'll  .■^ilj.;!,  ;.•::; 
inn  is  |,„,iii.|| 


)   iViiiii  --I.II11 

'rs  :iii.,  ,.  

I  lull. Ill  II  IMII' 

■S    III    I'h  I..IM 
III'    'I.I 

*.iiil  ,1,  ^11,,:; 


'  r'  CI- ,'       •••^ •■■■  ...•i^.. 

iivi-  llu'  caslfi'ii  siini'ii  (if  tlic  liay  ami  dii'ccll.v  oiipiKsitt^  ilic  iiioiitli  of  the  Na.'<al  i;i\i  r.  Tiu-ro  i,s 
laiiow  and  -liiial  <:liaiMU'l  hcluct'ii  il  ailil  tiic  I'a.slciii  .slum.;  Imt  the  main  cliuimcl,  ln-lwct'ii  it 
1  (lie  wcsU'i'ii  shore,  ciurif.s  liini' III  six  iatlioiiis  of  \vat»'r.     The  north  end  of  the  i.slantl  ri.se.s 


The  Niintherii  pait  of  t he  lia.v  i.s  hir;;el.v  (ilh-d  h.v  Linin  Isluinl,  the  hirj^esl  i.Nhind  in  tlie  hay. 
iK  iiHiilieiii  end  i.s  in  the  middle  of  the  biiy,  nim^  and  one  tliiid  miles  sonilu'ustwai'dly  Irom 
LiailltemT  I'oinl.  The  island  is  live  and  u  halt' miles  Ion;;,  norliiwest  ami  .sonlheast,  and  a\eia;je.s 
il'iiiil  one  and  a  half  miles  Inoad,  «  illi  \  ery  irie^iidar  ontliiie  and  generally  lii;;li  shores.  It,  lit's 
;.,  .iier  the  eastern  shore  of  the  liay  and  dn'cetly  opposite  the  month  of  the  Na.sal  i;i\er.     There  is 

I  nil 
.nil  • 

.iliiiiist  iliiceliy  to  a  ln'i;;lil  ot  two  hnndied  and  twenty  feel  ;  and  at  about  midway  Iheie  are  two 
lulls  reaihinj;  Iwo  liniiilii'd  and  forty  fei't  ;  the  southern  end  is  ahoiit  one  Imiidred  feet  in  eleva- 
mil.  Its  entirt  snrface  is  covered  willi  a  dense  };rowlli  of  forest  and  nnderliriish.  l'"roni  seaward 
ilie  island  is  readily  seen  over  the  forest  ol  the  peiiinsala. 

One  mile  souMiwaril  iVoin  l.oii;:  Islan  1  is  a  very  small  islet  called  lidinul  Ixhiinl ;  il  rises  to  ;i 
lii.i;.'ht  of  si.\ly  feet  and  contains  only  a  few  acres  tif  land,  formerly  covered  with  trees  and 
liiislics.     Tlicn^  is  il  narrow  three  feet  channel  on  the  west  side  of  this  islet. 

In  l.S,"iL',  at  the  limi'  of  the  tirsi  siir\iy,  there  was  an  island  in  the  entrance,  lietween  Capo 
Slioalwalcr  and  Leadlictlcr  I'oini,  Iml  rather  inside  the  line  ioiiiinu  them.  Il  was  (tailed  Siinil 
Nl.iiiil,  and  was  covered  willi  coaisc  urass.  from  the  outer  side  of  this  island  cNtended  the  Mid- 
,11,'  Sands,  which  divided  the  enlrance  into  a  North  riiannci  and  a  South  Cliannel.  In  1.S55  this 
i^l.iml  had  disappeai'cd  and  a  moderalely  lai'^c  area,  liai'e  only  at  low  water,  was  in  iis  jilaee,  hnt 
liii'  Middle  Sands  remained.  In  the  survey  of  1.S71.  there  was  a  (Ie]>thofa  fatlioni  or  more  of 
vaier  where  Sand  Island  formerly  existed.  To  the  .'>ontheasiwar*l  and  just  under  the  hook  of 
l.r.iiUietter  I'oint  there  weie  at  that  time  two  areas  of  sand  exposed  at  hi,i,di  water  and  separated 
liiiin  the  iioint.     These  were  called  l.e^  Island  and  Crescent  Island. 

I'li'tiits  ill  the  /.'((.I/.— In  the  iioiihcrn  part  of  the  hay  tlieie  are  scM'ral  jioints  freipiently  refened 
1,1  111  llic  Imoy-list  and  liy   iia\  i;^altirs. 

Sliixiliratcr  I'liints. — 'I'his  name  i>  applied  as  charaeteristic  to  the  two  Ion;;,  low,  samly  points 
siii'lchinH;eastw  aril  Irom  C.ipe  Slioalwalcr.  These  t  wo  jiiMnts  are  Ioiil;'  arms  of  sand  dra^j^in;.;'  into 
III!'  liay  in  a  yeneial  casleily  direction.  The  outer  one  is  t  wo  miles  lony;  tVom  the  curve  at  the 
.iiiicr  licacli,  and  its  direction  is  nearly  east  liy  south.  The  extiemity  is  one  and  fourtifths  miles 
..-(..ilheast  liy  east  fiom  llie  l.i;;lit  house.  The  second  |ioint  lies  ron^jhly  parallel  and  to  the  north 
III'  the  on  I  CI'  one.  The  l.i;;lil  house  Co\  e  lies  to  the  northward  of  the  second  point,  lietween  it  and 
still  another  low,  pnijectin;;  point  to  the  northwaid,  wliicii  lalli  r  point  is  covered  with  ;trass  and 
iices.  It  is  a  very  snn^j  and  well  |irotceled  am'horii;;'e  in  soft  mnd.  The  life-savin;;  station  is 
local  CI  I  on  the  iiurth  shore  of  this  cove. 

The  I  wo  outer  piiiiils  are  snlijeet  to  ;;reat  and  freipient  (^lianues.  In  l.S,"ii,' and  l.H,").")  they  did 
iMii  exist,  lint  a  l)e;;innin;;  was  indicated.  In  1.S71  they  were  fully  dcvelojied.  There  is  no  vejie- 
lalimi  upon  them. 

'/'('/.•('  I'niiit. — This  is  a  Ion;;',  low  ton;;ne  of  land  stretchin;;' eastwardly  from  the  north  shore. 

I I  leaves  that  shm-e  alioiit  two  and  a  half  miles  east  northeast  froin  the  I.i;;litliouse,  ami  stretches 
mill  the  liay  two  and  a  half  miles  with  an  avera;;e  width  of  half  a  mile.  Near  the  main  shore  it 
i>  low,  marshy,  and  treeless;  thence  for  aliout  one  ami  tliret' ipiaiters  miles  it  is  covered  with  low 
•lees  and  hushes  to  its  extiemily,  which  is  low  and  sanily.  The  extremity  of  the  iioint  lies  four 
.Hill  a  half  miles  nnilli  sc\  eiity  nine  de;;i'ces  east  (N.  7'.'  I''.)  from  the  la;;ht  house,  and  four  and 
!,iui'  liftlis  miles  ninth  nineteen  decrees  e.ist  from  the  I.eadhetter  I'oint.  The  main  shore  I'ctreats 
II,', Illy  two  miles  to  the  iioilh  of  Toke  I'oint,  and  in  the  deepest  |iart  of  the  hiyht  is  the  month  of 
•  idar  Itivei',  already  referred  to.  Toke  I'oint  does  not  how  conspicuously  from  outside  the  har, 
ilie  tree  covered  portion  of  it  hein;;  ]irojected  a;;ainst  the  hi;;her  land  of  Hawks  I'oint  Just  to  the 
iioiilieast;  and  the  hare  extremity  is  not  seen  until  a  vessel  is  abreast  the  second  led  buoy,  well 
inside  th(>  enti'ancc. 

In  IS.'i'J  the  name  Toke  I'oint  was  erroneously  applied  to  Cape  Shoahvater.  Toke  was  an  old 
liiilian  chi<>f  who  li\eil  on  this  point,  or  in  its  vicinity. 

Iliarhs  I'diiit  is  on  the  north  shore  of  the  bay,  and  is  fronted  on  the  sontii  by  a  broad  area  of 
shoals  bare  at  low  walei'.  On  its  eastern  side  there  is  a  six  feet  channel  Icailin;;' into  the  Noitli 
i;i\er  r>ay.  The  point  is  a  moderately  hi;;li  blntV  co\  crcd  with  trees.  It  lies  six  ami  two-thirds 
miles  iioi'th  sixty  ei;;lit  de;;r<'es  east  (N.  (W  K.)  fiom  the  l.i;;ht  house,  and  seven  and  one-lhii'd 
mill's  north  twenty  six  ile;;recs  east  (N.'Jfi^  I'].)  from  head  better  I'oint.  The  mouth  of  the  Wliil  a  pah 
lies  three  and  a  half  miles  east  from  Hawks  Point. 


't    I 


m 


m 


^r  i 

1 

■I 

i  ■ 


I 


n 


■ITS 


rAcii'ic  t()\>T  rii.or. 


«l 


L'dUiir  /'Ki'/ir.— This  is  the  iioiiit  dii  the  southwest  siiU'  of'  the  inontli  dl'  Whil  ;i  |i,ili  K'n,  i  || 
is  ;i  moderately  iiariinv  |iiii;;iie  of  t'oiesi  eoveied  Cast  lainl,  iVom  ei-hi>  to  one  hiiialinl  i, ,  i  in.i, 
lirojeetiii:^'  IVoiii  tile  Mint  ii wanl,  It  is  iMinli'ied  li\  a  licit  ut'  low  iiiaisli.  iVoiii  tliice  iiiiiidh  i  in  >\yl 
liiiiidred  .\anls  In  widiii.  luit  tiiis  low  lioider  is  not  seen  iiiiiil  a  vessi'l  is  neailv  np  wiih  ih,  i,,,,,,, 
Th*' hifjii  part  ui'  the  i>oiiii  is  a  eohs|iieiions  ol>|i-ei  when  Itioad  olV  llii'  eiitianee  to  Hi,.  |,  n.  ,,,„| 
was  used  as  a  iiiij.'e  ni  iilv  for  em>sin.u'  the  liar   in    lornn  r  ,\cais  when  llir  Noiili  Cliainii  I  .  \iv||,| 


lienee  its  name.     'I'lie   lii;:ii   exlreniil.v    of  the  |ioinl    lies  nine  and  a  li.ill'  miles  noilli 
dej^ives  east    (N.    71      l'..i   from    the    Lighthouse,  and    nine   miles  nortli   foil,\  eiuhi 

(N.  IS"  K.)  t I  l.eadlietter  Toint. 

Sliiiiii  I'liiiil    is  a  shaip.  naiitnv  I'lilV  of  saiid>  elay.  sixty  feet    hi;;li,  niakiii;;  out  ( 


im'l:m  r>  ,.,|,| 


olll   liiihilhil 

and  tiftv  ,\aiiis  diiertl.\   wevt  from  tl M|iTaiel\    hi^h   land  on  the  southeast  side  of  Nuiih  |:,\ 

It  is  ia|iidl>  weaiiii;;  a  a  a  \ .  this  has  e\iiostd  at  lis  hase  the  nndeilv  inj;  siralniii  ni  Imu  i,|,.|^ ,,] 
liasaltie  roek.  Il  is  saiil  that  no  other  phne  mi  Ihe  hay  presents  this  ;;eoloj;ieal  fealiiie.  SU'M 
Point  is  not  eonspieuoas  t'roin  out   ide  the  entianee,  lieiiiu'  piojeeted  against  tlieiid;;e  teriiiiiMini- 

in  l;an;.'e  Point.     Il   lies  .si \   and    thr piarleis   miles  south  ei;;hly  ei;;ht  de;;iccs  east  (S.  ^,s    |; 

IVom  the  laiihtlioiise,  and  fi\e  ,ind  a  i|uailer  miles  iioiih  forty  n' lie  decrees  easi  jN.  t!i  l.i,  nmn 
Leadlietter  Point.  Pine  I.Nland  lie«  one  and  onethiiil  miles  outside  the  poinl  on  tl<e  i  i'i^,>  i,, 
I.eadlietler  Point.  The  town  of  ilruei'port  is  loeated  three  tpiarters  of  a  mile  northea.-l  timn  m,! 
inside  ot'  Stoii.N    Point. 

(iiKisr  I'tiint. — This  is  a  ia::;ied.  IdiitV.  and  wnoded  point,  alMiiit  lifly  feet  hi;;h,  with  hii;;lii,  lii\ 
elilVs,    at    the    wi-l    .side   oft! lllianee    to    the    P.llllS    li'ii'r.      I'lciin    outside    the    1 


le   liar  It   siiiiH« 


eonsniei|oiis|\   nM^r 


the   liaie  p. ill    of   I.e.iilliet  ler  Point.      There  i> 


ow ,  marsliy  iieeU  a  nn  iilii 


iM 


a  mile  south  of  the  exireniily  of  (he  poiiii,  and  the  trees  for  a  shoit  distanee  towavds  S.imlv  \'v\m 


have  lieell  cleared  a\ 


thai  (ioosc  Point  is  lirst  made  as  a  small  island,  somewhat  re.si 


Toll i; lie  Point  in  Ihe  ( 'olumlua  lliv  er.  The  whole  of  the  peninsula  soul  lieast  of  the  poinl 
of  Wooded  hillocks  neail_\  cut  tiiroUL;li  1>.\  marshy  sloiij,'hs;  hut  the  overlappin^i  of  the.- 
uivi'S  a  ;.;eneial  impression  of  a  h  \el,  wooded  lidire. 


Mlllllll- 
I  I  .■-elil■^ 
e  Irllnrk. 


(ioose  Point  lies  scNCIl  miles  .soinli  sixty  seven  dee-|(>es  east  (S.  V,'~  ]■].)  from  the  I,i;;lil  limiM. 
and  three  and  three(|iiarters  miles  nortli  seventy  seven  de;;rees  east  (N.  7'i  I'..)  from  Leadlicllti 
Poinl. 

SiDidy  I'liiitt  is  a  low  sand  point  niakiiiL,'  out  nearly  (Uie  third  of  a  mile  from  the  womliil  fnnl 
liehiiid  it.  It  is  a  i.illier  loiij.',  eur\  ill;;  piunt  two  miles  soiilhsoiithi'ast  from  (ioose  piMiii,  aiiij 
four  .ilid    I  half   inlles  soiilli  se\elll\   six  de.urees   east   from   l.cadlll'ttcr  Point. 

Tlicieare  several  selllemeiiis  in  .Slioaluatcr  P>a\ .  The. Saw  mills  alrcad.v  mentioncil  ;  Iti  in  r|iiiii. 
on  the  east  side  of  ihe  h.iy  ileal  istoiiy  Poinl,  with  the  ereat  o.vster  lieds  lyiiii:  in  front  ni  \\w 
jilaee  :  |!a>  ('iiilrc.  near  iloose  I'oiiit  at  the  iiionlh  ot'  the  Paln.x  ;  and  iiiinierous  set  th  i  -  ihiiiml 
Ihe  liay  and  on  the  dinereiit  streams. 

(tijKliiiiiU  is  tlio  lar;,'est  settlement  on  the  lia>.  Il  i.s  located  on  the  hay  shore  ol  I'!.  Inn,' 
pi'iiinsnla,  about  six  miles  in  a  stiai;;lil  line  from  th-  present  extreinilyof  I.eadliellei  I'nini 
There  are  \erv  e\teiisi\ c  o\  ster  heds  hel  ween  till'  shore  anil  Ihe  main  channel,  «  liieli  runs  i  lii.>idi 


Ihe  miilille  of  iIm'  ha\  on  a   .south  soul  heast    con 


i>e  neailv  lolhe  head.      .\  wharf  seven  1. 


with  a  T  eiuhly  feet  lonu  at  tin-  outer  end,  has  lieeii  hiiilt  out  from  the  shore  to  reach  dee|iri  «.ili  i. 


Th 


III'  is  over  li.ilf  a   mile  huii;.     The   main  cliannel  docs  not  lead  hy  the  wharf,  hiii   i  h'iii>l 


aim   comes   in   from    \\\r   southeast    and   small    vessels   can    enter  this  ami  come  up  to  the  w  ii.iil. 


I,ar;,'er  v  essels  anchor  in  deeji  water  ahoul  I  wo  miles  broad  oil'  the  town.      I.ar;,'e  areas  of  I 
in  this  vicinity  are  partially  hare  at  low   water. 


h.'    >hH,ll.. 


.t''' 


^<AIl.l^■(i    llllil'.t'THlNS    AM)    AIDS    lo    N  A  V  t(  i  VIH  )N. 


M. 


f    ! 


The  approaches  to  the  entrance  of  Shoalwater  P>av    are  shoaler  than  to  any  oilier  h.iy  ..ii  tli 


^t.     Tl 


le  survev  s   u  nn 


h    have   hceii   niatle  since   that  of  IS.'.:,'  clearly  «'xliil)il   tins  feali 


dciiioiistratc   the   fiei|ueiil    and   ^^rcit  cliaii;;es 

channel  or  channels  jiass.      I'oiir   miles  olV  the  entrance  ilie  line  of  ten  fathoiiiHis  t'oiiii 


liich  take  placi'  in   the  shoals  tliioiiiili 
Ih 


nil  .  !i  IlM 


lath 


oms,  over 


illoin  of  line  'Mav  .sand   at   live   miles;   and   forty  fathoms,  over  darl 


sand,  at  twelve  miles.      In  less  heavy  wealhei   than  would  cause  the  .sea  to  lireak  on  the  < 
Itiver  liars,  it  hieaks  here  w  illi  fury  ipiile  around  theeiitrance.     At  present  the  ^''eat  sIm 
the  entrance  makes  out    to  the  southward  from  Cape  Shoalwater  for  three  and  a  half  mile 
JoiiL' lines  of  breakers  mark  ils,southwa,id  liiiill.     Th.' inner  ed;;e  wasiii  ISS.")  marked  hy  three 


il  II  liiiii.: 


II'    ('"111    lillll.llVll 

•  "I'  NiMiii  |;,n 
I  I'l'  liii"  Mcis  .i| 
Ifaliiii'.  ,S|,,in 
ft(<'  tciiiuii.iiiii^, 
•■iisl  (S.  vs    i;"" 

N'-  111  l;.i,  Ih.in 
III  ll'i'  i.ni:^,.  I,, 
li<'.l>l  rimii   111,1 

lilli  llM-liI,  lil,\ 
'  li:!!'  II  sill, Us 
'<■'■'  :i  i|ii  iilci  III' 
iN  S,iliil\  I'l.iiii 
li.il  rr>.  Milihii; 

linilll  I  ,|  >r||,., 
i"    lIlr.M'  llilliirkv 

II'  l.i,i;lil  liuiM. 
■'illl    l.r.|i|li|.n,.| 


ire  III'  llir  1,111,' 
illiillii  I'liiiii. 
1  runs  llijuii-li 
■Veil  I'l'i'l  u  iilr, 

(ll   l'|M'l     «J|,|. 

III.  lull  ,1  l.!|ii.| 
I  111  III,'  v  h.iir. 
-s  dllli,'  ,!|,i,ll.. 


icr  liiiy  •  II  III, 
is  rcalini'  .iiiil 

I.Ull     \\ll    r!|    III, 

oiiHii ;  I  V, ,  !in 
lai'K  iiiik!  .iinl 
till'  Ciliiiiilil,) 
slhial  ll  iiriii^ 
r  liiilo,  ,.'iil  a 

lliri'l'  (^  !i,li>. 


PACIFIC    tM)AST    ril.Ol'. 


t7'J 


I'liiTc  ll  iv((  lit'cii  two  cliiiiiiu'ls  iiitii  till'  lia.v,  ami  smniitiiiifs  only  oiic;  aiHl  tli«>  Hiini'v  of  oin 


is  iiscli'ss  as  a  ;;iii(l('  I'lir  the  iirxt.     In    view  ol'  tlu'sc  lart.s  it 


.s  useless  to  ;iive  detiiiite  sail- 


,  ;,' ,iirei'tii'iis.  Tlie  aiiproaeiies  ami  llie  eiiliaiiee  are  marked  li.\  a  ;;u(m1  series  of  luioys,  wlnirli  an 
iliaiiy^i'd  li,V  the  Li}{lit  house  lloanl  loeoiirorni  to  the  ehaiiKi's  in  the  elianiiels,  ami  vessels  inav 
,;iliraii(l  leave  1>,\  these  liiio.vs.  In  Ihe  a|i|>roaehes  ami  the  iiiaiii  ehannel  there  are  siillicMeiit 
■11, us  to  yllitle  11  vessel.  When  \e.>sels  are  niiinin;,'  li.V  the  liiio.vs  as  ;;iiiiles,  they  iiiiisL  wateli  the 
I  ,if  liie  ciirreMts,  lieeansi'  al  certain  sla;,'es  of  the  tides  they  run  with  ;;reat  velocity,  and  at 
iiiiH's  I'lin  a('r,iss  the  shoals, 

III  ISS.-i  there  wa..  a  ili'|i||i  ol'siNleeii  feet  of  water  on  the  bar,  and  the  eoiirse  over  the  liaraml 
ilmi;;'  Ihe  inside  ol   the   line   ,)!'  lu'eakers   on    the  s|iil    reaehjny  out    from   ("ape   Shoalwaler  was 

.iImiiiI    north    l>y   east,  so   thai    a   sailin;,'  \essel  eonid  enter  will I   taekiii;;-  in  ordinary  summer 

u  iliiis. 

Ill  .lanii.iry,  IHSs,  me  report  of  the  liydro};iapliie  examinalion  of  the  entrance  to  this  hay 
,>iii,ued  that  chanK<'-<  had  taken  |ihic(«  ami  were  then  taking;  place.  At  that  liinetheie  was  liiit 
,tipe  channel  into  the  bay.  \  cssels  drawing;'  ei;,diteeii  feet  of  water  con  Id  enter  at  any  staj;e  of  tlu! 
iide,  lull   siniiiijirs  sliaiild  ntrcr  allniijit  In  ithss  Ihe  Imr  icilhiuit  tl  jiUiil.     The  middle  sands  were. 


naliv  shifiiiiL;'  to  the  soul  iiw  ard,  and   the  north 


asli"  channel   was  deepening'.     N'essels 


as  tiirce  and  a  liulf  knots 


ciiiiiil  anchor  anywhere   inside  the  points  of  eiitiance,  hut  the  safest  place  was  North  Cove,  which 
is  p,  rfcclly  protecleil  from  the  si'a,  and  wiicie  ;^ood  hoidin;^'  ;;roiind  can  lie  t'oiind. 

The  liay  is  rarely  visited  h\  any  olhcr  \  I'ssels  than  tlio.sc  ennafjed  in  the  inmhei'  trallle,  and 
ihcse,  as  a  ;;i'neial  rule,  proceed  directly  to  ihe  mills  on  the  Whilapah  or  Nasal  Kivers.  .Mioiit 
one  hiindreil  vessels,  a\ cratiinj;'  three  hundred  tons  each,  enter  the  hay  annually. 

The   //</((/  iiintiilx  .ire   veiy  .stronj:',  and   a  velocity  as   h 
.ilisci-\ed  dnrin;^'  the  season.     The  set  is  across  the  channel. 

There  are  raii^Jis  in  use  liy  pilots,  lint  they  aie  clian;;ed  to  suit  the  chan^jes  of  the  har. 

.\t  liial  time  the  directions  for  approaching  the  harlior  were  to  lirili;;'  ihe  I.i;;lil -house  to  Immi- 
II, Hill  oiieipiarlei'  east  until  n|i  witli  Ihe  outer  liar  liuoy.  Hut  as  the  liuoys  are  cliaii};e(l  it  is 
iiscliss  1,1  i;i\e  pailiciilar  directions. 

However,  if  a  \essel  is  lioiind  into  North  (Jove  she  keeps  close  to  the  sands  on  the  poll  hand 
Hiiiil  lip  with  vSparluioy  Number  1.  when  a  sharp  turn  is  madeand  the  vessel  heads  foi'  the  Li.uhl- 
liiiiis,'.     .Vnchor  in  three  and  a  half  fathoms  of  water  abreast  the  sloii^jh.     The  sparbnoy  should 

as  the  channel  at  Ihit   part  is  very    narrow.     .Siriel  attention 


ll,'  passi'i 


1   w  ithin  twcnl  vlive  vai 


iiiiisi  be  paid  to  Ihe  currents,  'I'lu'y  are  tiea<'lieroiis  in  all  the  channels,  run  with  ureat  force,  and 
lender  il  iiiipracticable  to  run  a  compass  course. 

nirrclioiis  can  not  be  jiiveii  lor  vessels  bound  to  Oystei'x  die  ov  l!ay  Centre,  l''ortliis  bay 
,1  iiilot  .sliiiidil  iiliV(iii\  lif  ciiiiihii/id,  unless  the  ii  aster  is  well  aciiiiaiiited  with  the  channels  and 
I'lii  rents, 

.Ml  the  indications  in  re;iaid  to  the  coast  current  in  this  \  iciiiily  are  that  an  eddy  or  litforal 
drift  follows  tdo.sely  the  shore  low  ards  the  noitli.  ll  is  as.serted  by  the  settleis  here  that  loats, 
I'Miioes,  etc.,  which  ha\e  broken  adrift  and  j;one  out  of  the  bay,  have  in  every  instance  bet  Ibund 
nil  the  beach  north  of  the  ciilrauce,  and  generally  between  it  and  dray's  Harbor.  The  >.~i'eek  of 
ill,'  iliiK'tiil  Wnrrtii  miisi  ha\e  passed  this  entrance  in  its  drift  from  theColumbia  Kivei' to  <! ray's 
I  lai  bor. 


/i 


IliitlH. 


•Thel 


t'  are  the  lollow  i 


wj.  Ill 


lovs  in  t  he  app 


roaches  and  entrance  to  Shoalwaler  Uav 


'/■/((  ihiisidt  />',/*■  lluiiij. — This  is  a  jirsl-clK.is  niinbuitij,  juiiiihii  irilli  hhukaiul  niii/c  iirriniiilirnliif 
sinpi  s.     1 1  is  placed  in  ei;;ht  fathoms  of  w  aler  outside  tlii^  bar,  and  may  be  passed  on  either  hand. 

'I'in  lUir  liiiiij/. — This  is  a  .vc('(i/i(/  class  ctin  hum/,  jut  in  led  irilh  hlitcl:  (iiul  irliilr  in'ijioiiliciilar  xtrijHx. 
l!  is  placed  in  ei;,diteeii  feet  of  water  iieai'  the  liar,  and  may  lie  passed  on  either  hand  close  to. 

The  Sindh  iiid  <>/  Sliixilirdlcr  Siiil. — This  is  a  sti .mil  rliis.i  iiKil  bnofi,  jiitintcil  hhiclc  and  iiuiiilxrid 
I.  It  is  placeil  in  Ihiily  feet  of  water,  inside  the  bar,  on  liie  east  side  ot' the  spit,  which  i.-'.  makin;: 
to  the  eastward,  and  is  passed  on  the  port  hand  wiili  a  beitli  of  lil'ty  yards. 

The  S'orth  (Illl  <>/  Sii lid  Isliiitd. — This  is  a  v <•"«(/ ('/((vs'  iniii  liuoif,  pniiitfd  ml  iind  iiiniiliiird  J, 
ll  IS  placed  in  twi'iily  six  leet  ot  watei'  near  the  northern  extremity  of  the  shoal  which  lies  in  the 
1  iiti'anc(>  where  .Sand  Island  Ibiinerly  existed.  This  slioal  is  rcjiorted  to  be  makiiijj  out  to  the 
westward.  The  course  fiom  the  last  buoy  to  thi.s  was  noithiu  rtheast,  and  thedistaiKH'  three  and 
a  ipiarter  miles,  in  ISSI!;  sailiii;;'  vcs.sels  shoidil  not  run  from  buoy  to  buoy,  but  ratlier  keep  well 
to  wiiidwai'd  of  I  his  laller  buoy,  f;ivin^'  it  a  widi^  beith  on  the  starboard  hand. 


•i*!;; 


A 


ti 


I  II 


■k 


'!■  '111. 


480 


rAciru;  coast  ni.or. 


\intlii,i.\l  (mW  (>/'  .SVi«(/  /((/(nj(/.— Tliis  is  !i  mvoiiilrhiss  iniii  hmni,  p,iinti,l  ml  ami  iiumUm.l »;    | 
is  plat'cil  in   litli-cii  Ircl  ol'  wMvw  owr  liiinl  s.iiuls    liuthuii  on  llic   n..i  iIumsI.i  ii  rMivMiitv  ..|  h|, 
was  r..iiiifil,\    Saml  Island   lint   is  now  a  daiiKfions  shoal  n|MMi   w  Inch  llo' mm  lnvaK>  wnii  hm  , 
hcax.s  wratluT.  and  Irrai'lii-roiis  cnrii-nls  an-  sciiin-  liark  and  lorili  with  n,,,;,|  x,.|oc  :i\.    s.hIi. 
v«>ss«'ls  slioultl  nut  apiU'oacli  tliis  l>tio,v  hcani  than  Ivmi  hnndii'd  ,\aids. 

•liHii;i  liinl  SjiU. — This  is  a    Iliinl  rlnss  iiiin  hiinii  pttinh'l  hlml,  ,iii<l  iiiiiiiIkiiiI  ;;.     |i    .,  ,,;„   : 

in  t\M'nt.\  l«o  Icfl  of  watn  on  tin-  innth   sidt.' of  Ihi' cliannt'l   al st   o|i|(osit('  tlir  l.isi   i„;„^    ,, 

No.  (I).  It  niaik-<  Ihi'  junitjon  ol'  tin-  Wliil  a  |>ali  cliannc!  and  thr  I'liannd  hadin;,'  lo  l.i-hi  i,,,,,,, 
('live. 

N'l's.srls  i-ntriinj;  thr  liay  ami  lioninl  lof  I.i^ilit  honsc  ("ove,  when  U|i  with  this  hn.n.si, i 

Ifavi'il  on  Ihf  stailioanl  side  and  kiT|i  close  to  the  sands  on  the  port  siili-,  sli'('iin;i  i  nunM' iim' 
li.\  west  tHM' i|uarlrr  wot  (N.  Ii.\  \V.  \  W.)  until  np  with  a  hlml:  simr  hunji,  whith  .shoiilil  !..•  \r 
jnst  on  till'  pint  hand,  and  tin-  toiiiM'  (■'■  iii;;nl  sharpiv  lor  thr  I.i;:ht  house.  Anidioi  «li.  n  n,  ,;  , 
nplotlir  I, iff  saving  station,  in  time  and  a  hail'  lathoinsor  waliT.  'I'hf  aiirhoia-r  i>  \,i\  ,, 
row.  and  is  onl\  av.ulalilc  lor  small  vessels.  The  cove  is  pt'il'eetlv  pioleeted  Iroin  tin  ,im  .iml  i,,, 
liottoMi  is  soti  iiind. 

X'e-sel.-,  Iioiind  111!  the  W'liil  apah  Itiver  pass  lielween  the  red  liiiov  No.  •;  ami    the  lil.n  k  Im 
inaikin^' .lenn.\    I'okI  .Spn  In  ^  northeast  diieetionand  will  piss  in  siieeessjon  tliiee  l>iio\ «  .hhI  hu 
l»ea<-olis.      I'lie   liilo\  list    must    lie  eiinsidted    I'oi-  the  positions   with   leleieiiee  to  the  i  li.iniii  i,  ,i  , 
deseiiplions  of  these  aids  to  nav  i;.;ation. 

\essels  lioiiml  np  the  Soul  h  Hay,  to  ()ystei'\  ille  or  NemiT  I'lveis,  when  p.ist  red  liiii>\  N,,  i 
steer  I'or  the  center  ot'  I. on;;  Island  and  pass  vvitliinoiie  hnndied  yarils  of  the  east  sidi  ..i  j, 
Island,  just  olV  l.eadlietter  Point;  thence  close  aloii{,' the  sands  on  the  starlioard  hand  aniil  ,i  M.h 
and  red  liori/onia!  striped  linoy  is  iiiiide  ahead.  This  iiiaiks  the  dividing;  point  nf  ili>' i  iinv , 
Vessels  liiiiiiid  I'or  the  Neiiinr  li'ixers  leaxi-  this  liiioy  on  the  starlioard  hand;  vessels  IhhiihI', 
<)\siei\ii'  '  or  up  the  ni.iiii  elMiiiiel  will  leave  this  linoy  on  the  port  liami,  and  pass  m  ^||^n'^^  • 
si\  leioNs,  I'oi  descriptions  and  positions  of  which  with  refeieiice  to  theehaniiel  the  Ipmus  h-i  m. - 
111'  consulted. 

7'/i/<.v  lit  SliiKilinitfi-   lliii/. — To  tind   the  time  and   lii'i;;lit   ot'  every   tide  tliioii;;li(.iii   il,,    m,,; 
use  the  'I'nle  tallies  I'or  the  I'acille  Coast  |inlilished  annnallv    in   adxancc  In    the   1°.  S.  (  i..i.t  ,r 
<ieodetie  Snrve_\.     Take  therefrom  the  time  and  liei;;hl  ol    the  reipiiied  tide  al  Astoria,  .imi  'in 
tor  O.vsterville.  snlttraet  eij;ht   niiiintes  tor  the  lime  of  lii^h  water  and  add  six-tenths  of  ,i  i.i.ii  '. 
thehei;;lit;   I'or  the  time  of  low  water  su'titiiK'l  twelve  ininiiti's.  and   fi,;'  the   hcj;;lit    ■-iiliii.,ii   i   . 
tenths  of  a  foot. 

Tliis  w  ill  };i\i' the  tides  for  Ovstervllle   in    I'aeitic   standard    (ll-'dth    nn'ildian  >  I  iiiir      |i.  in 
ever,  the  (>.\ster\ille    hwal    times   of  hi^;li    and    low   water   are.  wanted,  siilitraci    tuiiii >  |..iii   ,i,., 
twenty  ei^ilit  miniitcs.  lespecliv  cly,  fiom  the  tahiilar  times  at  .Vsloria. 

Slmalw.itei   I'l.iN   was  discovered    lint    not    entered    hy    Meares  on   .liily  ."i,    I TSS,  luiiir /'./..,, 
wlieii    he  w.is  on   a   cinise   to  the  sonthwaril   in  search  of  <|ie  Itio  de  San  lfoi{Ue  of  llei  ii.i.    II, 
named   it   .Slioalwalei'    IJay.      Heavy  southeast    weather   prevented    his  enleriii;,'   il,  hat  liii'ii  I' 
niastlieaii   he   was  ,ilile  to  see  .somewhat    ihe  extent    of  the  liay  stretchin;^  to  the  iioi  ili».inl  .^ii : 
eastward. 

Vancouver  retained  the  name  of  t'l.-  <'.ipe,  and  on  his  chart  has  .-i  ron^^h  imlicahmi  ■•!  ,i  lir  . 
line  of  Ineakers  in  front  of  the  who!  •  i\,\  . 

I)e  Miifras  calls  it  Hut  !>'  de  .Malalii'i;;o  on  Ids  chart,  )tut  he  has  no  liay  laid  doui,. 

Two  ollict-rs  of  the  I'nited  States  {•Ixploriiifi   I'Nitedition  pas.sed  throufili   it   on   Una  \\.i\  \u-- 
(Jra.v's  llailior  lo  I'laker's  Hay,  Iml  do  not  descrilie  it. 

TelieiikotV  calls  it  Shoalwatcr  Itay.  lail  hisdeiineation  on  thecliart  is  very  cui  ion>l\  iri'iiniMi 

rnuii  ('it/ir  Shoiihrdlrr  to  I'liint  lliinson,  the  smith  poiiTt  of  the  entrance  to  (liay's  II  hIhu.  .!i 
distance  is  twelve  miles,  and  the  nearly  strai;;ht  lieacli  runs  northwest  liy  north  one  i|ii.iiii  i  w>\' 
(NNV.  Iiy  N.  [  N.).  The  hard  ocean  lieaeli  atlords  an  excellent  road  that  can  lie  tiavli'l  i' 
\va;;ons  al  li.ilf  tide.  The  sli;;litly  elevated  sandy  hank  hack  from  the  lieacli  is  aliont  I'w.  hin^ 
dreds  yards  wide;  it  has  a  sli;,dit  rise  towards  the  lieach,  and  falls  towards  the  forest.  Tin  iiii"i 
edi^e  IS  co\ered  with  coarse  y;rass,  and  varies  from  a  nn'ie  strip  to  two  hnndied  ,\aids  m  uidiii 
15aek  of  this  jjiassy  strip  and  parallel  with  the  shore  is  a  cranberry  meadow  four  inilcs  m  li'ii;;tli. 
a  mile  in  lireadtli.     These  eranherry  marshes  are  divided  and  cut  h|   I"  !"■>. 


and  i 


n  some  place: 


larrow  ridges  of  pine;  these  ridges  are  of  sand,  evidently  thrown  up  l>y  the  ocean  Ion: 


m 


i 


( 


W: 


i   'i 


"•*"'":^M3U-i.i|u. 


■rtWi 


Land  beyond  Poinl  Ci.i  viiie. 


Or»y'»  Harbor  approach 


Qray'8  Harhor  •.pprosdics. 


I'oiut 


-"{.'Mis'  ■lA.'-'-'f^''  '■.  "a ♦<f •■*'■'.'«'■  ''•'r"^>*■?■■.•^■^.^■•»l^l^J^ r  ■/;.,;■"'•'■' 
Will„„nhl,y  i;„ck,  m  feof.        Cap,.  Elizui,,.,!,. 


yii^iiiiilt  Kiver. 


•x*»r<T('(<«siMiM.t,>«MMN.>t*M4i>4U4 


Or»y'»  Httrlior  approadieN. 


Sa.MI(.  Hill.  N.  .K„  lainiloH. 


Ol.viiipic  Kiiiige. 


'^^sk^^H^^'.^f^^'^M 


Point  Brovrii. 


|Mliijl1Jiritrfif')ft.«»^';;;;:';,><B^fc,^j;^^ 

P<'int  H«U8on,  .SK.  by  E.,  U  in  Hob. 


13 


fi'■*°S«■'^*7»r>*?^■^•_^,V»l.:l^.L.'^r■«•l;■■''•''■"•*•■"  •*-■■■  ■ 


■'■t  .'^^.f-*- ' 


yii^iilult  Kivpr. 


Arrh  Koric,  82  feet.  !».»  f^pf 

I'oini  Orfiivillo,  Nortii,  Hj  miles. 


"^ 


Aw 


n 


►■/ 


t--'-^A 


^  M»..n«i*ir.rKj;'irJrw4«^ 


l.aml  liryoiiil  I'oinl  (imivillp.  >lwii|iio  RiiiiKe. 


■,*-'-i. 


.  «tf  llja>.aV<M|i^t.  ^||j^....,.«>i>wit>^rto^iw^^.^^^^ 


gi()giMPT«gSg?i 


ii'i.v  ' 


k 


WilliiiiKhl) 


I 


k 


f'i 


If 

i 

II 

.r; 

:       1^*1 

Mm 

■ 

H 

II 

: 

U 

i 

; 

il    ijl 


CaiM-  Sliniilwalcr  MHht-lmnse, 
■SK.  by  E.  i  E.,  ei  luileM. 


Tlip  Highland  NK.  fmiii  Cape  KiNuppnimiiient 


ibWttfli 


C'lx'liiiliH  Riv.T  Vallf  V. 


Oiitor  buoy.  \>  iiiilen.  '        "     "^    ^       -       -  .-    . 

I'..,.„  Han.,.n  (,h..  „..,.„l..d  ox,r,.m,..v,,  KNK..  T  mil...  Oray'a  Harbor. 

Thre,.  vi„w.,  from  ,„«,t,„„  7  m,l«..  \V8W.  from  Point  Hai.»n„. 


Saw-mill  at  r,<ii<)law,  Sciilli  Hay. 


l«4lt«M,JlMii. 


I'oi.a  Ur.,«M,  ri,,  L0D6  Tr™,  VNK.,  5  ralla..  Gray's  Harbor. 


N.xI'h  KioUn  i,r.-.MiMh-y»'ll<nv). 


■Vxn 


i! 


-  fl 


m- 


v\  r 


1  '*i 


■  ii'  it  I 


PACIKIC   COASr    I'll.oT. 


481 


iimrslii's  iin*  (M)vorotl  witli  cliinips  of  Imslics  iiiid  oiu' to  six  Ifct  of  wnttT.  Tlicy  aio  dniiiicil  by 
two  siiiiill  rivulets  niiminj,'  iiortliwiml  iiiitl  forcing'  tlicir  wiiy  tliroii;^!!  tlic  sand  to  tlii'  o(t:ui.  Land 
otti'is  and  heavers  have  their  resorts  around  tin'  meadows  and  sniall  streams. 

Six  mih's  northward  of  Cape  Slioahvater  the  fjrassy  sand  levels  ctouie  iininodiately  to  tlio 
heaeli,  and  tlie  line  of  tr.  es  is  only  two  liuudcd  to  four  hundred  yards  Ironi  the  shoi'c.  At  niiui 
miles  the  sands  a;;airi  lie^nn  ainl  broaden  so  that  the  trees  do  not  reach  within  one,  inilo  of  tho 
extrenn*  point.  I'eliinu  this  low  (Miastline  the  land  is  moih-nitely  low  and  densely  wooded  for  ten 
or  twelve  miles  to  tlu^  east,  liefore  the  i:'..t  iii<;her  lulls  are  itMchcd. 

In  January,  ISXo.  the  liiu^  of  <7/h((/  iiiaiiiiclic  rariiilion  of  twenty  two  de;;rees  east  (grossed  the 
;  coast  line  in  the  latitude  of  Iti     IS',  nearly  half-way  hetwcen  Hlntalwatei  I'.ay  and  (iray'.s  Harbor. 


GRAY'S  HARBOR. 

This  is  the  .second  lar};e  bay  on  the  coast  between  Cape  Disappointment  ami  (.^apo  Flattery. 
It  opens  tlirouuh  the  lou^-  line  of  low  country  which  extends  for  sixty  miles  lietwccn  Cape  Disa]!- 
poiiilMieut  and  Point  Cienville.  I'ldike  Shoiiiv.ater  I!ay,  it  receives  (piite  a  lai'^'e  river  whos(! 
main  and  most  eastern  branch  conu'S  from  the  westeriunost  llank  of  the  Cas<Mde  IJaiifje,  while 
another  braudi  heads  tuMr  Olympia  at  the  head  of  IMiyet  Hound.  Several  smalha-  brancfhes 
stretch  in  heiiirnl  Slioahvater  liay  and  reach  within  twelve  miles  of  the  Columl)ia  Uiver. 

i\s  the  ba\    is  ap])roached  from  seaward  tlii'rc  is  no  hi^h  laud  that  can  be  readily  i)icked  out 

;  as  a  landfall.     The  coast  to  the  north  and  south  is  low,  allhouRh  coveied  withtices:  and  the  lii}jli 

land  lies  well  to  th(\  eastward  of  the  bay.     Saddle  Hill  is  the  oidy  mark  of  referciu'e  lu'ar  tli<!  bay. 

Sdiiillr  Hill  lies  at  the  heatl  of  the  northern  jiart  of  the  bay,  and  two  miles  in  IVoin  the  (toast- 
line,  ll  is  si'\cn  and  a  half  miles  north  iiy  west  half  west  (N.  by  \V.  .1  W.)  from  I'oint  lirown.  It 
is  formed  by  twoslifjbtly  ronndiiiK  summits  marked  by  straf;;;liuj;  clunijisof  lari>e  trees,  and  when 
viewed  from  oil  the  bar  it  shows  only  the  western  summit  with  a  clump  of  trees  on  thti  m>rtlnve.st 
Hifle.  It  does  not  show  very  miu-h  over  the  I'oint  I'.rown  I'eniiisuhi  liTie  of  forest  trees,  and  is 
below  the  ilistaut  line  of  the  Olympus  .'Nlounlaius.  It  is  jprobably  about  four  hundred  feet  high, 
and  would  be  im'oiispu'uous  but  for  the  ffcncially  low  and  level  character  of  all  the  country  about 
(ira,\  's  Harbor. 

This  is  not  the  Saddle  Hill  of  Meares.  lie  saw  a  iiromiiuMit  hill  of  that  charaiiter  when  he 
was  in  the  vicinil.N  of  I  >estiuction  lsl,i,:d,  althou^;li  he  erroneously  places  it  in  latitude  ID''  IW. 

When  a  vt'sscl  i.--  olV  the  bar  the  "  Ulack  Hills"  near  (.)lynipia  slu>w  over  the  depression 
niarkin;,MheChchaIis  \'allcy;  and  thesnow  clad  summit  of  Mcaint  liainier,  if  the  wi-ather  is  clear, 
is  then  seen  Just  lui  the  south  limit  of  the  lllack  Hills  and  ovei'  the  wooded  low  hills  around  the 
bay.     The  nuuiiitain   is  fourteen   thousand   lour  hundii'd  and  forty  four  feet  in  elevatnm  and  lies 

niiu'ty  seven  miles  north  seventy  de;; s  east  (N.  To    Vl.)  from   Point  ISrovvn.     It'  there  vver(>  no 

intervening  nutuntains  Rainier  wouM  be  visible  at  one  hundred  and  thirty eight  miles  on  the 
hori/on.  The  tir-it  notice  we  have  ot'  this  m(Mintain  beiii;.'  seen  from  Shoalvvater  entrance  is 
from  the  V .  S.  ('oast  Survey  brig  Fninilli  roi/  when  she  lay  oil  the  b:u  in  IStiO.  An  examination 
of  Vancouver's  naiative  shows  that  he  saw  it  wheu  oil'  this  part  of  the  Coast  on  his  liist  rctuia 
8<intli. 

In  clear  weather  the  Olympus  Mountains,  about  sixty  miles  ilistaut,  are  .seen  in  the  direction 
of  and  over  .Suddlc  Hill  when  a  vessel  is  outside  the  Outer  l>ar  liuov. 

I'liiiit  Iliinsiiii. —Thi'  entrance  to  the  bay  is  formed  by  I'oint  llan.son  on  the  south,  ami  Point 
I'.rown  on  the  north.  Iletween  the  points  the  breadth  of  tln^  water-way  is  one  ami  two-thirds 
nnles.  but  the  channel  ilocs  not  occupy  (Mie  half  of  this  width.  Point  llaTison  is  l()vv  ami  sandy, 
and  is  destitute  of  trees  liu' about  two  miles  south  of  the  entrance.  It  is  the  northern  termina- 
tion of  tlie  peninsula  which  is  four  and  a  half  miles  long,  with  an  averagt'  breadth  of  a  little  more 
than  one  mile.  Although  much  shorter  than  the  peninsula  of  Shoalvvater  Hay,  its  ending  towards 
the  eiiliance  of  the,  bay  is  very  much  like  that  of  l.cadlielter  Point.  The  ocean  shore  of  the  point 
is  coinparatively  regular,  but  the  bay  slnuc  is  irregular  ami  marked  by  long,  low,  sandy  arms 
siietcliing  to  the  eastward.  The  aand  is  driltcil  in  ridges  and  irregular  dunes  by  every  strong 
wind.  Ill  ISU  the  interior  of  the  i)oint  was  marshy.  When^  the  trees  begin  they  are  scattered 
ami  irregular,  and  there  arcv  large  areas  of  liiirnt  forest  where  the  trunks  of  the  trees  show  bare. 
When  tim  wooded  extremity  of  the  point  bears  mntheast  a  black  object  shows  a  little  to  the  left, 
ol  tli(»  treeH.  This  is  a  lionsn  on  the  long  narrow  sand  .spit  dragged  in  fnnu  J^)illt  Hanson.  At 
the  northeriiniost  point  of  the  forest  and  overlooking  tln^  marsh  tlii're  is  a  small  rise  in  the  sand 
i;l>I1  r  c. .n 


4SL> 


I'Anric  roAsr  ni.nr. 


!  'jf 


■t.( 


i ) 


3  .    < 


^^^i  ,41 1 


:|^'* 


(liincs  wliicli  llic  riiitcil  Stales  K\|ilniiii;.'  I'.Npcililion  dcsiijiiiidMl  "!)••  Iliivcii's  KikiH 
licrc  tli.it  llic  Coast  Smvr.v  Iiail  llu'  sccmi(lai>  aslniiHtiiiical  stalimi  in  \SiV2. 

'I'lif  ;;i'(>;;raiiliiral  itositioii  of  tliis  astioiiitiiiifal  .station  on  I'oint  Hanson  is: 


"111  ii  i< 


l.aliliiili' 


I.< 


iliiili' 


I  >i'.  III   tinir 


111     r.i.     I'J    'J 

I'.'i    I'l.    1-.'    :i 


ll."    •,'!.  .S. 


Min.il 


On  tlu'  1st  of  .lannaiv,  1SS.'»,  tin'  inaunt'tic  variation  was  '_".'    <i|'  vast,  ami  llic  ai 
al)ont  on<>  ininntr. 

I'liint  llniint. — 'I'liis  is  tiir  north  point  of  llic  cntranci'  to  (Ira.N's  llaihor.  it  is  u  j.i; 
l)»'a<'li  witli  a  nioiii-ratvly  rt';;nlar  sea  front,  iml  lMol»('n  In  loni,'  sand  aims  on  llic  liav  siili 
suixry  of  IS.'iL'  it   WMs  cut    lliron;{'li   li\   tiio  sea,  ami   the  ('vlrcinc   poiiil    was  linn  I'liiiiiil  in,   |;||| 


liirlMis 


III  till 


Ishi 


Itiit  tills  Int'ak  lias  lirfii  closi-il  ami  lln 


|)oiiif  now  oi'iii|ii('s  till' old  |iiisiiiiin  III' ll 


he    -I'liljiiiii 


pail  uf  I'.ld  Islanil.     In   ISll    I'M    Island   was  a  sandy   island  of  diiiics,  wiili   j;iass  cm,  im;;  n,, 
li'Vf!  parts. 

'I'lic  iircscnt  forination  of  Point  I'lfown  is  very  similar  to  tliat  of  I'oint  Hanson  ah.ltntln 
points  at  Slioalwatir  l>ay  entrance.  I'luin  llit' seaward  luaeli  totheliav  lieaeli  ihc  wiilih  nf  ilu 
point  "  illi  ils  arms,  and  the  width  of  the  peniiisnla  lor  its  len;;lli  of  si\  and  a  hall  iii;li"..  ivri.i;:i 
one  mile.     'I'fe  ;:eneral  direction  of  the  peniiisnla  is  iiorlhwest  liy    north  froiii  I'oiiii   i;r< 

if  ll 


U  ll 


hay  shore  IS  covered   with  lir  and   the  onier  shore  is  the  lie^iiiiiiii;,' ol   iliesaml.v    «a>le>ii(h 

hi'lice  to  the  ( 'ii|ialis    l'i\cr.      lietwceii  the  foi'<-sl  and    this  waste  there  is  a  lai-;;c   pdiid  .i    i  i;; ,, 

and  niilsidi'of  that  the  sand  is  covered  with  coarse  lieacli  i;rass  and  stunted  lupin  luisln-.  ;  ,|  im  il\ 
cut  np  liy  the  tracks  of  Ihmis,  confiars,  wol\  cs,  elk,  «'f(i.  The  direi;lii)n  of  ihi'onici  lin'  .■  iji,. 
forest,  the  pond,  and  the  lines  of  sand  dunes  indicate  clearly  the  |irevailiiii;'  wind  ii>  lir  in, in 
the  west  iioi  thwi'st.  When  the  point  is  .seen  from  the  sonthwestward,  at  seven  oi  i  i-hi  iiiil,.^ 
ilistaiice,  it  shows  as  a  low,  sandy  point  projected  upon  the  tlist.int  low,  wooded  cuiiiti,  in  ilic 
noi'theast  part  of  the  liay.  A  short  distance  to  the  northward  the  darker  line  of  Mr  liiis  mi  ||||. 
point  show  s  ipiite  ]ilaiiil\  a^'aiiist  the  distant  woimIsoii  the  larther  side  of  thcliay.      A  siii::l,  ,i|.ii|, 

tree  stands  out  fiom  the  southern  extremity  of  the  forest  line  on  the  point.      Indci  il ;,il,  ii,,' 

line  are  seen  the  sand  dunes  strcicliiii;j  far  to  the  northward. 

The  sonthern  |iail  of  I'oint   I'.rown  hears  noitli  I  wi-nty  seven  de;;rees  wesi  (N.'„T     \\    .,ii>i,iiii 
thirtyseven  and  a  half  miles  from  the  North  Head  of  Cape  |)isap|ioiiitnient. 

It  is  niidcrstood   that  a  la}::ht  house  is  to  he  Iniilt    near  the  soiiihcin  extremity  of  lli,     iii-^  ,,ii 
roiiit  riiiiwn. 

Points    Pii'ow  11   and    Hanson   ar*>  lioth   liroad  and  roniidin^%  iiiit   the  ;;eneral  dirccii ,i  ili,- 

former  from  Point  Hanson,  at  the  narrowest  pari  of  the  I'lilram-e,  is  north  Ihirly  live  deL;iri •^  \w  ~t 


(■ 


W. 


d  the  distancea  lltHe  over  one  Mild  a  half  miles.     The 


tr  ami  dislaiir,  In  u 


the  wooded  extremities  of  the    two    points  me  iiiiilhwist  half  north  (NW.  \  N.)  lliiee  ami  ,i  Imlt 


When  a  M'sstd  is  oil  the  entrance,  am 


lit  I  wo  inilcs  oniside  the  <  )nler  l',iio\ ,  ll 


extremities  of  these  points   show   only   as   faint   lines.     When   the   w<ioded  part  of  I 


!'■  s;lllil\ 
nllll    li.ilisnll 


hears  east  northeast  {\],  NK.),  distant  se\en  inilcs,   the 


vallev  of  the  Chehahs  i;i\ri  i->iti 


it  lie  to  the  mil  til  ward,  over  the  sandy  part  of  the  point.     The  trees  on  Point  Haii.soii  arc  ,'-,'ini»li:ii 
seattcri'd  a  short  distance  to  the  ri;,'lit,  and  tlir()iij:li  ipiite  a  break  in  the  frees  still  laiilin  t,,tli, 

id  steam   fi'oin   tlit^  saw  inlll  ol   the  town  of  Laidlaw  in  the  ."^iimiIi  r„i\. 

Point  lirow n  is  m,  li  luiuli' 

til    tree  staialiliu  oiil  l!  'Ml  llir 


,'ht  i 


s  seen   the  smoke 


l"ar  to  the  south  and  to  the  north  the  line  of  the  coast   is  ipiite  low 
out  bv  the  dark  trees  over  the  white  sand  dunes,  and  with  the 


■;t.      P.ctv 


the   Cliehalis   vallev   and    Point    P.rowii    is  seen   the  linj^ht  clitVof  II 


IM,  l>,  1,11,1'Jl' 


,1     IIm 


Mull 


IJlnir.  which  is  eiy:lily  feet  liicli,  and   Ned's    Kocks  which  lie  close  oil  the  eastern  end  ,,i 

Far  to  the  northward  of  Point    Prown,  over  the  trees  of  the  peninsula,  rises  .SiiiMIc  II 

that  diri'ction  on  clear  da.\s  is  .seen  the  ()lynii>iisran^'e  of  inounlains  lisinjj;  above  all  the  iniirMiiiii;; 

low  country. 

Ihscriiitiiiii  of  tlir  /.V(_i/.— Inside  the  entrance  Cray's  Harbor  cxpamls  in  the  form  of  an  imiumImi 
triaiiKh',  wi'h  the  apex  at  the  month  of  the  Cliidialis  Piver,  thirteen  and  a  half  miles  n-i  tin  i>i 
by  east  (loni  the  entrance,  and  the  ba.sc,  towarils  the  coast,  thirteen  miles  lon^r  nortliv  ,-l  ami 
.southeast.  Inside  of  the  .southern  i>eninsiila  terininatiii};  in  Point  Hanson  the  buy  vii,i,|ii.^ 
ine;,'nlaHy  to  the  .southeast,  forming  tli'Snulh  Ha;/ ;  the  head  of  this  jiart  of  the  bay 
from  Point  Hanson  at  Hie  month  of  Klk  River,*  which  is  a  short  stream.     There  isa  nainiw 


IS  six    llllll'- 


llllll'l 


111,'  .Siiiiiiii  liili't  III'  Ihr  I'.  S,    |-;xiilciriii;,'   lApcc 


hti 


Irll. 


Mioll,"   jiiil   ii  1^ 


'iiiiiii.il  iiii'ri'iisc 

is  II  I.PI1-,  v:iiiilv 

':i>   sill...     Ill  III,. 

I  I'Mllll'l    i<\    {'.III 

mI  I  lie   ...lillii  111 

IS>    (•(l\,.i  III;;    III, 

1I>C1||  .ll,,l  til  llir 
lllr  Wllllil  nt  III,. 
I'  miles.  .i\ri;l^i> 

nil  I'.ruHii,    ■|'|||. 

Wllsli'  >licli  li;ii;' 
))n||c|  "I  I.C'diiii, 
I'llslii'^,  ,.i|  III,  il\ 
"UliT  liiH  .1,  III,' 
"  ilid  III  111-  rn.iii 
I'M  III'  ciijlii  null's 
il   I'liillili'.  Ill  ihi' 

111'   lir  I  lri'>  nil  III,' 

A    Mll^ii  .ll.lll, 

lili'l'  llii'  iijik  Mil' 

<'.L'7      W    ..il>l.iiil 

lly  III'  llii'  '  l^l■^  nil 

111  ilircci ii'ii  III  ilii' 

li\  r  ili'i;lri'S  ui->l 

ill.>laiu-i    lirlwii'ii 

.)  Ilirci'  ami  .1  hull 

V  r.iiiis .  lii''  -..iinh 

I  111'  I'miil  ll.iii^iiii 
ills  liivci  i>  M'l  11  ;i 
isDii  HIT  M'liK'wlial 
.still  fiirlliii  hi  till' 
ill  till'  SiHiili  r.'i\. 
row  II  is  ui  II  iii.iili' 
iiliiifi'  Dili  II  '111  ilii' 

IVOI'   I'.IMil I.UI' 

II  <'iiil  III  ilii'  Mull 

;;i<l<l!i>   lll.L  .'111!  Ii> 

nil  till'  iiiiriAi'iiiii;: 

iriii  I!'.'  an  niruiiliii 
ilf  null's  iii'!!lir'i>i 
•II;,'  iiiirlli"  'I  :iiiil 
the  Im\  -Ii'  li'lii'^ 
lie  li;iy  is  ,-i\  iiiili"^ 
s;i  iiiirro"'  1  n.iiiiii'i 


I'At'lKK;    C'OA.ST    l'l!-()T. 


4,S3 


•jiniiiU  iiboiit  iiiiif  I'ci't  of  wiilcr  tliroiinli  tlic  iiiiiil  Hals  id'  Sdiitli  Miiy  lor  tliioti  iiiul  a  lialf  mil 


OH. 


liisiili'or  tilt-  iiorllicrii  pi'iiiiisiila  trriiiinatiii; 


Point    IWowii  is  the  Xorlli  A 


ay,  wli it'll  lias  ii 


liiciultli  of  (ivr  miles  cast  anil  west.  Into  it  empty  .several  small  .streams,  and  a  moderately  lai'(,'c 
liver  willed  the  Iliimiitoliips.  The  North  l!ay  is  mostly  oeeiipied  by  mnd  tlal.s,  throii;;h  wliidi  run 
iliiee  or  I'oiir  channels  earryiii},'  ei^lit  to  twelve  I'eet  as  far  us  aiireast  of  Ned's  Koeks.  The. 
mild  Hats  an^  so  extensive,  mid  the  mini  .so  .soft  in  many  places,  that  it  is  impossible,  to  reach  tho 
>iion'  except  at  hi^^ll  tides. 

Six  miles  inside  the  entrance  the  bay  eoiitnicts  to  three  and  a  half  miles  in  width  between 
Sicains  liliilf  on  the  south  side  and  ItrackenridK*'  IJlnil'on  the  north  side;  llience  eastward  to  tho 
illi  III'  the  Chchalis  Itiverthe  contraction  is  ^'radiial. 

I'.y  meiisiircment  we  find  Hint  more  than  iiinetcnths  of  (Iray's  ll.irbor  is  bare  at  low  water, 
;iiid  there  are  no  islands  in  the  broad  part  of  the  bay.  Inside  of  the  entrances  the  area  of  the 
surface  id"  the  water  bounded  by  the  Hats  bare  at  low  tide  is  only  lour  and  a  half  siiiiare  miles. 
This  will  fiive  11  fair  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  harbor  as  such.  The  -ireatcst  di  ptli  in  this  area  Is 
i'i;;lity  feet,  but  that  is  in  the  main  channel  way.  Tliroii;;h  the  Hats  lyiii},'  between  tlii.s  available 
s|iacc  and  the  Chchalis  lliver  run  two  ehaiiiiels  to  the  castnortheast.  The,  northern  «!hiiiinel 
I'limmcnces  at  11  point  two  miles  east  by  north  from  I'oint  I'.rown  with  live  and  six  fathoms  of 
water  and  runs  midway  tlirou^'h  thi'  bay  '.letween  Stearns  I'lliilf  and  I>iackciuid};e  lilulV,  when  it 
gradually  trends  northeastward  to  the  northern  shore;  but  the  depth  is  decreased  bj-  it  dividiii}; 
into  two  channels,  one  stretehiiiK'  to  the  east  under  the  southern  shore;  both  these  .'!Ubilivisioii8 
ai;aiu,joiii  at  the  inoiith  of  the  river.     The  southcin  cliaiiiicl  starts  from  the  same  jiositiou  as  tin? 


niiithcrii,  but  runs  nearly  direct  for  the  north  side  of   Stearns  l!Iul1'and  I 


oiiows  close  niK 


(ler  till 


siii'iherii  slioi'O  and  finally  runs  into  the  south  branch  of  the  northern  chaiiiiel.  This  .southern 
rlianiiel  is  narrow,  badly  (le\  eloped  at  the  month,  and  carries  less  than  ten  feet  of  water  to  the 
iifoiilli  of  the  river, 

The  shores  of  the  bay  are  heavily  forested,  the  lands  are  low,  and  the  banks  are  marshy  in 
Miaiiy  iilaees.  A  few  notable  bliill's  rise  but  a  few  feet  above  the  waters  of  the  bay.  Inside  the 
riiiiaiice  the  first  noiiceable  point  is  Sliiirits  IHiill*  on  the  south  side  of  the  bay.     It  lies  six  mile.s 


itli  sixty  decrees  east  (N.  (HP  I].)  from  I'oint    Hanson;  it  is 


,'litly  iirojectiiif;  bliilf  covered 


Willi  trees.  It  is  the  western  termination  of  I'oilean  Mill,*  which  lies  two  or  three  miles  to  tlu^ 
eastward.  To  the  east  and  to  the  west  the  shore  is  low  but  wooded.  The  south  channel  riiii.s 
I'liise  under  the  bliilV. 

lU-iiHiiuiiliic  l!liijf\s  the  shore  011  the  north  side  of  the  bay,  three  and  a  half  miles  north  thirty 
ilc^recs  west  (N.  ;!(l  \N  .)  from  Stearns  liliilf.  The  southern  jioint  id'  the  blulV  lies  six  and  a  half 
miles  north  forty  one  dejjiees  east  (N.  H'^  K.)  from  Point  Jircwn  ;  but  it  stretiihos  two  miles  far- 
ther to  the  east  iiorlhi'ast,  and  one  mile  fartlu'r  to  the  west  where  it  is  broken,  briy;lit,  and  visible 
Iriim  outside  the  bar.  The  height  of  two  distinct  parts  of  the  bliilf,  two  thirds  of  a  mile  a|)art, 
is  eighty  feet.  .M'Icr  stretching'  to  the  eastiiortheast  for  two  miles  the  bliilf  leaves  the  iiiimediate 
shoreline  and  coiiliniies  inside  the  bordering  low  lands  for  two  miles  faither  to  the  lioqiiiamts 
IIiM'rat  two  miles  from  its  iiioiilli.  There  is  no  liinh  country  behind  it.  There  is  no  channel 
near  this  north  shore:  nothiiitc  but  broad  mud  Hats. 

I'oiiil  Xric. — This  is  a  low,  marshy  point  covered  with  forest  and  forming'  the  western  ex. 
ticmity  of  the  line  of  the  l>i'ackeiiridy;e  Pdiin'.  It  lies  live  and  tliree-<|"i'iters  miles  north  thirty- 
Iwo  dc^ri'es  east  (N.  .'{'2  K.)  from  Point  I'.rown.  It  is  marked  by  XciVk  A'wAw,*  which  arc  three 
M'ly  small  islets,  about  lil'ty  feet  hi^di,  with  I'cddish  sides,  l.viii^'  <'losc  under  the  point.  They  are 
not  visible  from  outside  the  bar,  but  the  liri},dit  elill's  of  I>rackenrid;;e  P.liirt' are  visible  and  an! 
generally  calleil  Ned's  Ivotdvs.  There  is  the  head  of  a  small  channel  reaching'  to  the  west  side  of 
these  rocks. 

There  are  several  rivers  emplyint,'  into  (Iray's  Harbor.  In  the  North  I>ay,  between  Point 
New  and  Point  lirowii,  then?  enter  three  small  streams  of  moderate  size.  One  mile  north  of  Point 
New  is  the  mouth  of  the  Ti/pni)  ('nek,  which  is  not  live  miles  Ion;;.  The  channel  leadinji;  past  Ned's 
Kocks  comes  fi'oin  the  inoiith  of  this  stream. 

Two  and  a  half  miles  northnorthwest  from  Point  New  is  the  month  of  a  smaller  stream  called 
lli(^  ( 'hiiiois  Creek,  from  which  leads  a  ver.\  small  channel  tliron;,'li  the  mnd  Hats. 

The  principal  stream  in  the  North  Hay  is  the  lliuiiptoliiihs  liii'vr,\  which  enters  at  three  and  a 


m 


'  So  iiiiiiiPtl  li.v  ttir  I!.  S.  F.xiiloiiiiK  I'lxiHMlilioii  in  IH-tl. 
rriii)  Kooiii-toh'-liiiiNli  (it'llio  Clii'liulU  hiiliaiiH. 


VM 


181 


rAciiir  (itAsr  I'li.nr 


tf: 


M 


^ 


(|iiarl«r  Miilfs  iHUlliWfsl   oiu' (|ii;irl«  r   west    rioiii    rolni  Nc«.     'I'liis  sti<'iiin  is  iiliniil  I 
Uu\ii  :iliil  lu'iuls  in  tlit>  soiitlii-lli  |);iil  of   llic;jrriil  iiioiltiliiiti  jikm   nt'  ( )l\  inpiis.      lis   p. 
tidii  is  soiilli.     'riicif  is  a  (iiiniiirl   liom    it    llir«iii;;li   tin-   iiuiii    Hals,     'rwooliici  \ci\ 
Ciller  the  Noilli    I'.av. 


^'"■"■\  mill 


i-lri-l 


I'Mlcr  till'  iiortli  slioii'  ol'drav's   llaiiior,  six  iiiil<'>  casiwaKl  ol   I'dint  Ni 


'«.    IS    I 


I'     '  IllMIICf  1,1 


in-: 


tin-  //.l«/»/■((»)^v,  wlmsc  liratlwalcis  arc  very   near   tlinsc  uf  llic    I  liiiii|ili>lii|is,   iiinjci    ilic    il  ml, 
liills  III'  tlic  <  )l,\  iii|iiiN  Miiiintains, 

'/■//(  ('liiliiilis  Ixiri}-. — Tliis  is  ilic  iniiicipal  livcr  ciitcriii^riia\'s  llariior.  It  is  a  l:ii:;r  sHvim 
line  liiiiidicd  ami  lliirt\  miles  in  leiij;!  Ii,  diainin;.'  a  \er\  laiyc  area  til' ((iiintrN  t"  tlic  easivMinl  ;„ 
lar  as  the  tlaiikin^'  liills  of  the  Taseatle  ranjje.  One  laijie  liranel  ,  I'.IK  Creel,,  timis  li;ii  I,  \m\„ 
westwaitl  towarils  the  small  streams  innninj;  iiito  Slioahvaler  Itav.  The  lilaeU  Kim  i  ihmimIi 
reaches  towards  l'n;,'et  Sdiiiid.  The  Salsop  heads  towards  the  ;;reat  licml  of  IIimmI's  (';iii;i| 
another  liraneh  Irom  the  noith  opens  into  the  4 'hehalis  ahieast  Montesano;  and  W'iNhKahl  Ihvn* 
It  1 1)11  the  north  enters  a  I  tout  tlirt'c  i|iiarleis  of  a  mile  inside  the  nionth  of  the  ( 'helm  I  i-. 

The  Cliehalis  itsell'  is  navitfitcd  to  Montcsaim,  tweiitytivc  miles  fiom  the  eiitrame  i<>  ihi'  I,;,, 

"I  i'ii!\  sK 


at  the  head  ot'  tide  \vatev,  Itiit  it  call  lie  inailc  iiavi^'alile  iniieh  hiijhcr.     In  iSM4  a  depth 


teet  could  he  cariicil   to   the   month    of  the    river.     Tlie   river  drains 


eomparati\-el\    Jim  ]\ 


connti,\,  liea\il\  t'iMestcd  with  spruce,  lir,  and  cedar,  l)iit  dotted  1i,v  nian>  small  prairies  ;iiii|  ridi 
liottom  lamls.  Claipialo,  Sharon,  I'.lina,  New  Miintesaiio,  and  ('osniopolis  are  the  prinei|i;il  tnwus 
on  the  ii\('r. 


The  immense  I'orcsls  lia\e  led  to  the  estaliiishiiMMit   of  several  Iaif.'e  saw  mills  on  tln'  h 


l>    Mini 

rivers,  and  the  aj:!  ieiillnral  and  dairy  ad\aiitaj;es  have  I'avoreil  the  new  towns.  The  oM  i.umihI 
Montesaiio  is  on  I  he  left  lianU  of  the  ri\  er,  opjiosile  the  month  of  the  Wviiooche.  \\  lieie  a  -,i\\  mi!! 
was  linlll  in  1>>7'>  or  IS7I.  The  ]iresetit  population  is  ahont  one  hiindreil  ami  lil'lv.  ilejiiiiil  ijir 
town  there  is  a  line  of  hi^rher  {.'ro'iiid,  and  the  liliiIVs  reach  the  liank  of  the  river.  'I'lie  Il^Ii  ImiIi] 
liehind  these  apjicars  In  he  alioiit  the  position  of  the  "  Uoston  Hills"  of  the  I'liitcd  Sialic  l!\|i|iii 
ill;;  l'".\peditioii.  ISll.  The  new  town  of  Montesaiio  is  on  the  i  i;;lit  hank  of  the  river,  ahoiil  mit'  mili' 
al)o\e  the  old  town.  It  is  not  on  th.>  immediate  hank,  which  is  low,  swiimpv,  and  sumii'IIiih'. 
ovcrllowcd,  Init  on  the  hi^^lier  land  one  thousand  vards  hack,  and  an  elevated  trestle  re.nl  li^d. 
fidiii  the  loun  to  liver,  where  steanicrs  fion<  Astoria,  drawiii;,'  niin!  to  ten  feet  of  walei.  I, mil  ii 
the  wharf  at  tin'  end  of  the  road.  There  is  no  olistriictioii  to  iiavi^^alion  except  soine  linikin 
Mia;;s.     The  place  contains  some  line  liiiildiii;;s  and  has  a  population  of  alioiit  live  liiimlnil. 

Ciisinopolis  is  on  the  south  hank  of  the  river,  three  miles  inside  tlu^  mouth  and  lilin  m  iiiili- 
from  the  cnlrance  to  the  hay.  Il  has  ahout  thirty  liuildinj,'s,  anion};  which  is  a  line  Imii  1.  mimI  a 
piipnlalion  of  alunit  two  hundred. 

.\t  the  jiiiietion  of  the  Wishkahl  iiivc''  is  the  town  of  Aberdeen,  thirteen  and  a  hull  iiiili> 
frtim  the  entrance,  with  three  saw-mills,  a  tish  caiiin'rv.  etc.,  and  a  population  of  ahnni  tlnci 
hundred.     The  NNishkahl  is  lepoited   na\i;;al)le  for  small  sleainhoats  Cor  tifteen  to  t  \\(iii\  iiiili's 

At  the  mouth  of  the  lloipiiamts  Kiver  is  the  town  of  lloipiiam  on  the  ri;;lit  hank  ol  tliiiivii 
and  eleven  miles  from  the  enliance  to  the  liay  ;  it  has  a  population  of  two  hundred  and  lili\,,iihl 
the  Simpson  .saw  mill  is  lo<'ated  here.  In  IStJS  a  freshet  tide  rose  ten  iW\  ahove  the  IiI^Im  -t  tiihil 
marks  up  to  that  time  in  this  vicinity. 

There  is  a  sawmill  at  the  town  of  Laidlaw  in  South  l>a\,  four  miles  froiii  thi' ciiImih  i ,  awl 
when  a  vessel  is  olV  the  bar  the  smoke  and  steam  of  tlie  mill  are  distinctly  visible  mar  Ihr  MUiili 
part  of  the  scattered  trees  on  thi'  south  peninsula.  At  the  mouth  of  the  .lohiTs  Kivi  r.  »li;rl> 
emjitics  into  the  bay  altoiit  one  mile  south  of  Stearns  ItliitV  Point,  there  is  the  town  of  M.i  iMiuiii. 
I>ay  <'ity  is  a  small  place  on  the  east   side  of  South  Uay,  iyinj,'  nc.riy  east  of  roiiit.  llall^.•li. 

The  •'City  of  (;.-..y's  Harbor"  is  located  on  the  north  shore  tif  the  bay  about  one  aii.l  i  qiMi 
ter  miles  cast  of  I'.raekeiirid;;!'  Illull'. 

A  new  town  site  has  been  cleared  of  timber,  and  a  aiVAt  wharf  is  beiii;,'  built  diieeil\  s ii 

southeast  for  more  tlian  one  mile  from  the  Khore  over   the   broad   Hals  to  deep  water  atllii' main 
channel.     The  cit  v  is  to  be  the  center  of  an   extensive   lumber   tiallie,  and  the  Tacoiiia,  0!\  ini'ii. 


and  ("hehalis  Vallev  Itailroad  is  to  follow  the  ri 


rht  bank  of  the  « 'hehalis  for  about  seveiii\  iiiili'> 


to  the  town  of  Ceiitralia  (a   few  miles  .south  of  (Hyinpia),  and   there  connect  with   the  N.'itliiin 
I'ae.ilic,  to  Tacoina. 


•Iliiiuli  kalil  iifllir  ChilMliM  ImliiniH. 


Itnlll    |urL.\    mil,.. 

Its     ;,'l'lll'l.ll     ,|j||.,. 

\rr\    Mil  ill  crccU 
IS  III.    riili.iii,.,.  ,,| 

llllrl         III!'         Il||||,|||n 

is  ;i  l:|l-r  sIliMlii. 

Ill  lilt'  CIvlWllllj  ;|v 
lllllis  l.;l.  I  |,,  III, 
llfk  KlM'l  iir.ilH.Ji 
III'    I  liimrs   (';|ii;i|; 

Wi.sliKMliI   llmr 
ii'liiili-. 

itlMliri'  III  llic  li:n. 

I  ilrjilli  111'  ii|il\  sl\ 
MM  I  !Vcl,\     lii«  luii^ 

II  jiiailirs  ;iiii|  Mil, 
lit'  pi  illcM|i;i|  liiwii, 

ills  till  llir  l>;i\  ;i|ii| 
i.  'I'll!'  nlcj  |ii»||  III 
t',  wlit'ii'  :i  SM\\ mill 
lil'lv.  Ili'liiml  ilii' 
IT.  'I'll!'  Iiil;Ii  liiiiil 
iti'il  S(;ilr^  r.\|i|iii 

ViT,  illinlll  iilii'  mill' 

ipv,  mill  siMuilnni- 
il  Iri'sllf  rii.iil  liM.I. 

t  tif  Willrl.  lilllil  M 
'Xri'pt    MilIM'  lilnkrli 

fivf  liuiiilii'il. 

til  llllll  liHirll  lllllr< 
S  a  llllr  lliitrl.  llllll  .1 

'I'll  illlil  ■,\  li:ill  IMlli"' 
Itiii!)  Ill'  mI'iiiiI  tlllli 

'I'll  III  t  \\iiii\  inili'^ 
it  liaiik  III  liir  invi 
'Itlrcii  iiiiil  li^l^,  iiinl 
vc  till'  liiulii-l  liiliil 

111  tlit^  t'litr.iiiii'.  .inil 
silili'  iit'iir  till'  siiiiili 
liilin's  i;i\i  I.  "Iiiili 
ttiwii  of  M,iiKli;iin. 
I'liillt,  II:lli-'"i. 
mil  out'  :iii<l   >  qiin 

built  <lirt'fll\  simin 
p  water  al  lln-  iimi" 
1'  'I'at'iiiiKi.  (>lMn|iM. 
ilmiil  si'Vi'iiiv  iiiili'> 
with    llie   Ni'illii'i'i 


rAciiic  ctiAsr  I'li.oT. 


■W 


Tilt' «'|ii'lia!is  li'ivtT  is  partly  in  tlic  Uiiilt'tl  Statt's  iiillt'ctiiiii  (li.stiif.t  til' <)i<';;iiii,  aiitl  partly 
III  lliat  III"  l'ii;;i'l  Stiiiiitl.  Asltnia,  Oit';;(iii,  anil  I'lut  Towii.scnil,  Wash.,  arc  tlifpurlNiiC  t-iitry.  A 
cDaHtiti!,'  stt'aiiicr  plii'.s  icj^iilarlv  Iriiin  I'ttrllainl   anil   Astoria  to  Mi>iit<'.saiio. 

ll\  IHJntii;  AI'IIV    (If    Till',    AI'!'l!(lAriIi;s   Til    »ll!AV'.'<    IIAIilKlK    ANli    AID.S    I'll    N  A  VIlJ  ATION. 

'fill'  tliri'i'  latlioni  lint*  mitsiilt'  tlic  I'litiiinfc  In  Hit'  liay  is  a  littlr  iiiorr  tlian  llirci'  iiiilfs  oiilsiile 
till'  ;;i'ni'ial  Irctnl  ot'tlif  oi'i-an  slinif  soiiili  anil  imrtli,  anil  t'oiiiis  a  lioisi'sliiu' I'lirvf  nl'  heavy 
liieakei's  aioiinil  the  eiitiance.  The  tt'iilalhoiii  ciirvc  Is  alioiil  t  wo  Ihiiils  nl  a  mile  outside  the 
iliieelatlioiii  curve,  itnii  the  liottoin  is  line  (;niy  iinil  lihick  .•<anil. 

TdwiikolV  has  a  .siinniliii;,'  ot'  Itirty  two  t'athonis  at  seventeen  inilcs  west  of  riiiiit  Ilaiisoii, 
.mil  sixU'cn  I'atlioins  al  ten  miles  sonthwcsi  two  thinls  west  (.SW.  r;  W  .)  riom  (he.  same  point.  In 
l.sjl  we  I'oiintl  t'iiit,\ti\.  ralhoins  over  niinlily  liolinm  sixlirii  miles  liroitil  oil'  the  harbor,  anil 
N'aiieonver  has  the  same  depth  just    ontsiile  of  oiir  pii>illon 

The  littoral  eiirreiit  oil  the  entraiiee  to  dray's  Ilarlitiris  to  the  northwaril  parallel  with  the 
siniit'.  In  18110,  when  the  Siiiv  e\  in;:  l>ri;;  I'liiinllninj  was  a  mile  oiilsiilc  the  bar.  the  current  was 
iiiiinIii;;  to  the  iioithwaid  alunit  one  and  a  half  miles  per  hour,  and   when  anchored  on  the  bar  the. 


beiiiTcnt   from 


the  bi 


ruck   this   litliiial   ciiiieiil   and  the  whole  both   of  water  set  to  tin 


llllll  h  ward  at  a  rale  of  two  and  a  i|  nailer  in  lies  per  hour.  '1  his  e.\|  eiitiice  agreed  w  iili  previous 
icpiii'ts  and  has  lieeii  t'onlirmed  by  siibseipieiil  obsei  \  alioiis.  (See  Hole  rialcr < 'iipalis  Ki\ I'rof  llM^ 
iiirreiit  carr.\in^'  part  of  the  wreck  of  the  Ihiicral  Watrcn  to  the  iiinlh.)  Vancouver  foil  ml  ii 
current  in  this  \  icinit,\  rnnniii};  to  the  iiorlhward  ;  Tcbenkolf  has  the  same  intlicateil  on  his  chart. 

in  l.S.S.'i  there  was  a  ileptli  ot  twelve  feet  of  water  on  the  bar  which  was  tliieo  and  onchalf 
miles  south  .southwest  (.SSW.)  from  Point  r>row'n.  and  llirce  miles  wt'st. southwest  (\VS\V.)  from 
the  main  beach  at  I'oiiil  llansini,  the  extreme  point  of  which  bolt'  northeast  by  east  (NI*).  by  M.). 
In  .Inly,  IJS.ST,  there  was  a  depth  ot  eighteen  feet  of  water  on  the  bar  almost  exactly  where  the 
liar  was  in  l.S,S.">. 

In  .liiiic,  1S,S7,|Ik'  dcjitli  of  waleriiii  the  bar  liati  increased  toeiy:litcen  feet  very  nearly  wherti 
the  channel  hail  been  from  IS.s:!.  As  the  buoys  aiesiibjeet  to  cliaii};'!' of  position  to  inarkchanKe.s 
III  the  channel  and  bar,  nininiivrn  sIidiiIiI  mil  ullrwjit  la  rrnxs  lltr  bur  antl  inter  irilliniil  a  pilot. 

'I'liere  i.s  an  automalii;  whistling  liuo\  mitside  the  bar;  an  iiiiur  bar  />h«i/,  lirst  class  nun, 
painteil  with  black  and  white  perpeiidicuhir  stripes;  clianiiel  biioysoii  lioth  sides,  when  necessary, 
second  I'lass  can- biio.\s;  and  inside  cliaiiiicl  buo>s,  third  t-lass  iiiiiiduioys. 

WIIISTI.INd    lUdY. 

A  siTniidiliiss  luitomiilic  irln^diini  biinji,  painted  red  and  iiiarked  (MJA'^VS  IIAIM.OU  i  >  te 
lilli'i'.--.  has  been  placed  in  the  a|ipriiaches  to  this  bay.      It   lies  in  twelve  fathoms  of  watt  .'r 

sandy  Imttoiii,  one  iiiile  iiulslile  the  bar  al  I  lie  entrance.  The  liiioy  is  soiiiided  by  the  ac^  .i  of 
the  water  and  ,i;i\t's  Ivveiily  or  tliiily  bjasls  lacli  iciimte. 

The  foll'iwiii^  approxiiiialc  bcaiin;is  a;'d  tlistances  to  noticeable  objects  locate   its   present 


position : 


Mili'i 


ollt 


iiv  f.i"i  11(1' lire  111!   riiiiil  I'liuw  n  i.Ni'i  111  riiiiii  >.  MO.  Ii\  \.  JN. 


This  tree  is  one  niili^  inside  the  outer  beach  ol  the  Point. 


lions 


I'l 


IIjiimii 


illllirs  I'nilil    Clii-li.'lliMl,   M-;.    Ir 


1 1'.. 


This  lioiise  is  one  and  three  eighths  miles  inside  Hie  outer  oi  ocean  beach. 


Niii'ili  lilllil  III'  I'nrisl  nil   i'nilil   llaii.siiii,  .M').  Iiv  K.  i  K 


i; 


liiiiii'  I'lur  liiiiij  ,  NK.  liv    \'. 

('a|M'  SliiijhMilir  l.i^lit-liuiisr,  SI!.  ;  I'. 


I:! 


This  buoy  was  put  in  position  .Inly,  I8.S.S,  and  lakes  the  iilace  <if  the  Outer  bar  buoy. 

'/'/((■  Jiiiii  r  lltir  Ituiiji. — This  is  a  liisl  rianx  nun  biiiii/,  jxiinlril  n-itli  tihtvl;  anil  white  inrpendicular 
stiipiii,  and  placetl  jiisi  in.side  the  bar  ( 1>'."<7).  It  was  placetl  in  twt'iity  ci^ht  feet  of  water  ami  lay 
one  and  one-third  miles  iiuitheast  tlirt'e  t'oiirths  ncrlli  {"SE.  ;,'  N.)  from  the  oiitsiile  bar  buoy.  It  is 
passetl  elo.se  on  either  liaiiil. 

The  Xiirth  llretil^eis  lUwfi  is  a  Jirsl  rluss  nnn  bniii/,  piiiiited  lilarl;,  nuwhereiJ  1  ;  it  is  placed 
inside  the  liar  on  the  north  side  of  ihe  cliaiincl  close  under  the 'NoriJi  breakers.  In  l.^S.'")  it  was 
lyiii^  ill  thirty-four  I'eet  of  water,  o\er  a  hard,  sandy  bottom  one  and  uiie-hatf  miles  northeast  by 


I:t! 


m 


'*i    i<! 


.  >■    .f  I 


:li  KU 


m 


''i  v-ij ' 


1  ■ 

^** 

if 

« 

■IHd 


rACIKIC    CKAST    ni.iiT. 


iiiiiili  (NK.  Itv  N.)  I'nuM  tlif  Iiiiit'i  Inn  Imiov.     It  is  parsed  mi  tin-  ixnt  liiiml.     This  1iii<i\  u.is  j,),,,,,, 
ik  mill'  1111(1  line  tliinl  <>iitsii|)<  \\n-  ciitraiu'c  liclwcni  lltr  two  imiiils  nf  tin-  I'liaiiiicl,  wlin  I,  »;^^  n,,., 


Diilv  tliict'  t'l^lillis  III'  a  iiiilt'  w  jili'  lictwi'i'ii  till-  tiiit'c  latiinni  riir\r.s,  ami  was  rli 

I'Ditlt. 


use  llliilri   i  :,v  Simii 


Till   ('liiiniii  I  Hiiiiji.  —  This  is  n  Mnond  rlnss  nun  11111111,  jinintiil  liliu  I,  mnl  niimlnriil  ',',.     j 


ill  till'  rliaiiiirl  ill  lilt.N  Icrl  iil'  wati'i.  i>\  t  r  a  liolliiin  nl  liiii'  ;;ta\i'l  ami  .slit>||,s.  This  I 
miU's  wi'.vt  out'  liall  mhiiIi  (W.  .\  S.)  innii  tlir  Iioiim'oii  thf  ra.stnii  part  of  I'oint  llai 
(■■<;litlis  ot  a  mill-  iVoiii  tlit*  iirari'st  licarli  on  thai  lusiriii};. 


IM.irn 

l>OI    .     lllll    AW 


Tliri'f  art'  stroll;:   ciiiiriit   01   liilf  ii|is  iiiulfr  tlu*  ninth  siih'  of  thf  t'liaiiml  jiist 


ciilraiirf 


'/'/('    Wliiliiiiiih  riiils   Hiiiii/. — This  is  a   IliinI  (lass  nun  Imoy.  jniintiil  nil  nml 


mm  In  I 


U 


plai'i'il  iiisiili-  till'  t'liliamr,  111  tlnilK'H  li'cl  ol  walci.  oxci  ;:ia\  saml  on  tlii'  iiorthvMsl  lunj  ul  ih, 
liist  Mats  insiilt'  w  liirli  air  hail- al  low  watri  ;  ami  it  iiiai  ks  t  lie  soul  hrastii  11  sitlr  ol  tlii' .i|'{iiiMih 
to  till' main  cliaiiml  hrnrr  to  lloi|iiiaiii,  Aliciih-t'ii,  ami  thr  imniili  ot  th<' <'liclialis  Umi  In. hi 
I.SS7.  it  was  loratfil  one  ami  livf  fi^ihlhs  miles  iiisiili'  tin-  fiitiaiicc,  anil  I'loiii  it  tin-  SiiIimiv  li  , 
of  Point  I'lrown  lioir  north  siMytoin  ilt';:i)'('s  wrsl  (N.  id  W'.),  ilistaiit  two  ami  oin' <|ii.ini'i 
mill's,  ami  the  lloiisi'  on  roint  llansuii  south  thirc  i|iiai'ti'rs  cast  (S.  ;{  I''..),  distant  oin  iimI  mu 
iiuailri  niilrs. 


Ill  .liih ,  1S>»7,  a    liisl  rlnss  run  huoii  nuiulninl    \   hail  ililltril   noitliwcsl  w  aril  to  il 


II'  piilri   1 1| 


ol  thr  liirakt'is  iiist  to  thr  iiorthwi'stNNai'il  of  thr  liai.  It  w as  in  fiuir  fathitins  ol  waiii.  |tl|„|^ 
not  lirloii;;  to  the  Kyslriii  ot   l)ilo.\s. 

Thf  liifiiilth  of  thf  thiff  fallioin  <'haiiii«-l  at  Whitnunl)  l''lats  liuo,\  in  IS.S'l  was  ,ili"iii  ii\i. 
f i;:hths  of  a  milf  with  a  ili'|ith  ot  littv  ti\f  Iff!  in  mid  fhaniifl  wrst  ot'  thf  l)a,\,  ami  tin  miIi'^m 
thf  Mats  arc  stfi'|i  to  and  half  at  low  watf r.  Iiisidf  of  the  \\  hitcouil)  l''lals  r>mi,\  thiTi'  w.i  snn" 
(if  tiv4>  llfafoiis  paiiitfil  lilack  01  ifd  lomaik  thf  rhaiiiifl  lorthf  iifxt  twchc  milfs  in  llni|in,iii 
and  Alifiilffii. 

Thf  UiioN    list.  |iiililishfd   ill  OftoluT  of  fVfr\  vcar,  jiivfs  thf  locatiiiii  (  hf  liiiuxs  mili,' 

approafhfs  to  thf  lia\  and  in  thf  fhaniifls. 

In  a  toiiiifr  fdilioii  Wf  lia\f  nivt'ii  thf  dftails  of  ihf  fhaii{,'fs  of  thf  har  from  kimun  >iini',\.s 
Imt  ii  is  not  I'oiisidfrfd  fs.sfiitial  to  a^^aiii  rffer  to  thfiii. 

'iidi  s — 'I'lif  < 'iiiii'i'tfd  llstalilishnif  III,  01  iiifaii  intfival  liftwfcn  thf  limi'  oj  ihr  Miiciir> 
iiiiiiiliaii  liaiisit  and  the  liiiif  of  hi;;h  watfi',  is  \ll''  .'!.'!,  and  thf  nif.iii  dilVfifiirf  liftwnh  iIh- 
a.  111.  and  p.  m.  tidi's  of  thf  saiiu-  day  is  1''  ti7'  for  hi;;h  ^^atl•|■  and  <i"  .I'l  loi  low  water.  W  In  n  ilu 
Moon's  ill  rliiialioii  is  ;;ri'atfst  thf.sf  duff  if 'ices  aif  !'•  ■<-  lor  hi;;li  water  and  P'  L".t  toi  |nu  rtiiu 
Thf  mean  1  ise  ,.iid  fall  of  the  titles  is  st  \  t-ii  ami  tiiif  tf  nth  feet.  The  iiifaii  tlillf  relief  in  liei-hi  >il  ilir 
a.  111.  a;al  p.  in.  tides  of  thf  same  tlay  is  one  ami  oat-  hall  fift  hu'  hinh  watfr  and  two  .nni  >im!, 
tfiitlis  left  ior  low  witfr;  wlifii  thf  Mtxin's  tlffliuatinn  is  fiifatt'st  thf.sf  ditlereiiefs  aie  Iwn  iimI 
two  tenths  flit  'tir  lii;,di  water  aiitl  four  and  one  tenth  feet  for  low  water.  The  aveia;;!' (lilU'in  ■ 
in  liei;;ht   littweeii  thf  hi};lifr  hi};h  and  thf  lowfr  low  watt-rs  of  the  saiiif  tlay  is  ei;;liT  li.  1  .  ;iiiil 


ihfii  thf  Moon's  tieelinatioii  is  ^iicatfst,  nine  ffef. 

Thf  lii;.'liest  hi-h  tide  in  the  twfiity  ftmr  litiurs  tiecuis  11''  ;i!»    altt-r  thf  Moon's  ii| 


lel    tl.lli-ll 


oiilhinu)  when  the    .'\Iooirs    deeliiiation    is 


north;   and    aluait    IT     Itffoif   that    tiaiisil  win n  tin 


tieeliiialioii  is  south.     The  lowest  low   water  oceiiis  alioiit  .sfveii  lioiiis  aftfr  the  hi;;lifst  hi,i;li  ".ilii 
In  1.S.SI  the  hytlro^raphie  exainiinilitdi   reports  the  winter  tides  at   I'oint  Hanson  inv.  lijini. 
ffff  aliovf  the   plaiif  of  referencf  of  thf  Coast    Siirvfy.     This  must   eviilfiitly  he   iiinlei    .  nniii 


stanees  ot   heaw  soiitlierlv  wcathfi   and  freshets  in  thf  rivers. 


hill   Ciiliniiliui.  II 


iliay's  llailior  was  tli.setivereil  l.y  ('apt.  Iftiltert  (ira.v,  of  the  Anieriean  shi| 
.May.  17!tL'.  and  was  nametl  l.y  him  Hiiirmeh  [laihoi.  after  one  of  the  owners  of  his  \.'>-.i  l;i 
Oetolierof  the  .same  yt-ar  it  was  siirvfyt'd.  niitlfrtlif  tliifftion  01  Vaiietaiver,  l.y  l,ien(fiian'  WM 
Ley,  in  tin-  store-ship  IhnlnlKs.  He  fiist  sent  in  his  l.oats  and  then  erossetl  the  liai  uliin' 
fathoms,  with  the  el. I.  enirent  rnnniiiK  .'<o  stron;:  that  liltle  pro^M'ess  was  made  all hi)ii,i;li  tlirsliip 
was  liiiiua  nearly  live  knots  'hron^di  the  water.  He  applietl  the  |.it'.sent  nanii'.  (Iray's  II  n!"M.  i" 
fi.i.;pliinfnt  to  liif  tli.seoverer.  On  .some  ohi  Knulisli  eharts  (Ariowsmilh,  17!tS)  it  is  eallfi  Wjiiii 
Ley's  Iiarlior.  Whiilliey  named  the  .st.uthern  point  Point  llan.son,  alter  the  foiiimaml'i  'il 
hwilohis.  ami  the  north  point  he  failed  I'oint  I'.rown.  plaein;;  it  in  latitntle  4(P  fil^' 


ilii' 


Th 


If  Mint  hf  I'll  point  was  eallft 


I  Point  Chickfflfs  l.y  the  United  Statfs  K.Nph.rin,!:  Kvj 
in  Irtfl,  and  placed  in  latitude  W^  5.V  .W ;  and  the  Hame  iiaiue  was  applied  to  the  rivi  1 


.jlIM"! 

w  liirli 


■AciKic  ruAST  I'li.or. 


^   '"'"^    ■'    1M,1,„||, 

hihIi  I  I  ill.  Sdiitt 

''•■{•       '•   i-|'la.r,| 
Ills    li||i>\     \\,is  n,,, 

l'''li>"i  .  ilhi  ,n,, 

'■I     IIISl     liMll..   ■„, 

llnilllt   If!        \  ll     :, 

ll»f>t      lllllll     III      I|„, 

"'     I'll'  ■IM'I'Mli, 

Ikivci.  III. In  . 
tlu-  Sol  1 1, in  I;  , 
anil  iiiir  i|ii.|ii|., 

•lilt     Ullc    .111,1     ,„|| 

111  lllf  cull  I    i,|_, 

<||  "iilci.     |r  ,|,„, 
*•'  w;is  iilhiiii  in,. 

\  .  :iImI    III,    Hiirs  IM 

ll.\     tlll'lr    I-  ,1   >|  ];i.- 

niilfs  III  lln,|iii,iii 

ln'   1h|(I\>  111  ill,. 
III!      kllllW  II    ~i||  M.\,,, 

iiiic  (pI  liii    ^i,l,l|,■,, 

ICIIIT     llcl  »|  I  II    III,. 

water.        \\  iirl.  llir 

-"•'      111!    i"\\    U.liil 

IH-t'  ill  lirli;lil  III  ||||. 

mil  two  .iiiil  mmii 

rniri'N  iiir  fMii  ihil 
a\ria;,'c  ilillcii  ill' 
i.s  «'l;;lil    tin  ;  ;i|ii| 

Oli'.s    l||l{>l'l     ll.lli-ll 

t    traii.^ii  ulirii  ilii' 

ij^lll'.St    lll.ull  U.ll|.|. 

laii.sDii  fii^i'  lii'i'fii 

Ih'    llllllrl    I  Ilrlili. 

.sllip  ('ulnirihlil.  II 
nC  lii.s  \  r^s,  I  111 
I.li'lltciiai;'  \\  lilil 
ll  till'  li.il  h  :|ilir 
allli(ili;;li  tl:,.  sliiji 
'.ira.v'.s  II  lllllll.  Ill 
it  i.s  calli'il  Uliiil 
'Diiiiiiaiiili'.'  Ill  till' 
I'M'. 
liiriiiiLr  I'^i"  ■liiii'ii 

O  tllO   IIM'I      «ll»ll 


cxaiiiiiu'd  at  that  tinir  (u  a.s  Car  a.s  ttif  Sarlia|>  Itivcr  (incscnl  .Sat.snp).     Tlij.s  liv 


487 
ft'  wan  placnl 


iwi'iily-niiif  iiiili'.s  I'loiii  the  innutli  nl'  tlir  riirhiijis,  njiil  tliivc  IVct  of  waliT  niiild  Ik-  carrii'il  to  it. 
.\t  Kivciilcrli    mill's  I'min  llii>   niniitli  o(  tiir  Cliclialis  wa.s  |ilarnl   tlii>  lii;;li   laiiil  rxli'inlili;;  iiii  tin 


ll  II  liaiik  III'  tlir  rivri'  loi'  hmt  a   iiiilr,  ami  iiaiiii'il  tin-  "  llii.sliin  IJiil.H 


Mil  tlll'lr  ail'  III)  hills  that 


Miiiit'  .111  .sliaiply  on  llu-  livci  as  tiiat  chail  shows.     Tim  North  Ma.y  was  caili'il  Csrlcss  I'.av. 

The   Imliaii   iiaiiic  of  the  hoiiIIi   point  of  the  ba.v  is  Chchalis.     Tlie.v  pro inic  it  Ti'lif  ha' lis 

I  r 'IVi  ha  lis,  Ihr  woiil  siy;iiif.\  iiiy  saiiil.  This  iiaiiicwas  applinl  tothrpniiil  lor  some  linn- wlit-n 
ilie  eaiii))  111  a  eompaiiN  iil  riiiteil  States  soliliers  was  loeateil  lieie  in  l.stil)  miil  reiiiaineil  lit'k'eii 
iiioiitlis.  Loeally  the  inner  siile  ot  the  |iiiiiil  is  kniiwn  as  I'eter.-ion's.  In  the  lirsl  ehai  Is  of  the 
f'oast  SiMM'.v  the  .soiitlu'rn  point  is  termeil  I'oinl  Harrison  (a  eleriial  error).  Anion;,' the  earliest 
-ittlers  (|.s.".Jmii  this  leMioii  it  \v;i>  lalleil  roint  .\iiiisti()ii;;.  The  liiiliiin  name  of  the  Uiver  is 
Nesahips,     There  w«'re  t'oiineily  nearly  a  ilo/.en  \  illa;;es  aroiiiiil  Ihe  shores  of  the  Hay. 

N'llvTll   oi'   liliW's  ll.Milini:. 

l''rom  roini  llrown  the  .shore  treiiils  tioilh  thirty  six  ile;;rees  west  (N.  .'iii  '  W.)  lor  twenty  six 
ami  a  i|iiarter  miles  to  I'oinl  <iren\'ilh'.  'i'liere  is  a  sli;,'ht  reeession  of  one  anil  one  Ihinl  miles  to 
Ihe  laslwaiil  I'lom  the  Copalis  K'lver  to  the  (ape.  anil  the  three  lalliom  line  is  I'lilly  a  inih^  ami  » 
hail  I'D'  Ihe  low  lieaeli.  The  peninsula  ol  roint  liiown  is  alioiit  one  mile  wiile  anil  six  miles  loiii;. 
The  liay  shore  is  low,  imiit;iiieil  liy  trees  iiiui  Ktretehes  ol'  marsh.  'I'liis  iiariow  rrin;,'e  of  tn-es 
lie;:iiis  aliiiul  one  mile  rrom  the  point  anil  is  there  i|nite  narrow.  On  its  western  siiht  is  a  lon^', 
iiai  row  la;;oon,  l.\  in;;' Ileal  1,\  norlhvM'st  liy  west,  with  parallel  lines  of  sanil  iliineson  the  oiitsiile. 
anil  lowarils  the  oeeaii  lieaeh.  This  ilieary  waste  of  .sanil  dniieH,  partly  eovereil  with  lieaeh  t;rass 
ami  sliinteil  lupin  liiishes,  eonlimies  Iietween  the  lieaeh  ami  the  fores!  thence  lo  theCopalis  River. 
i'liiiii  this  point  there  is  a  low  liiiilV  iiehiml  the  lieaeh  for  two  miles  lo  Copalis  Head  where  the 
•  IID's  nime  iliieetly  upon  the  oeeaii.  The  lo\^  water  beach  is  ijiiite  Inoad  aloii;;  this  wliolu  streti^h 
of  coast. 

.M'Icr  tliat  Ihere  are  only  two  small  pieces  of  low  lilnlfs  lo  Point  (Sreiiville  Cove.  'I"he  lirst 
small  stream  lireakin;;  lliriin;:h  the  lieacli  is  Ciiiimir  Creek,  seven  miles  iioilhw  est  ward  from  I'liint 
liiiiwn.  There  arc  Imli.iii  houses  at  Ihe  mmilh  of  the  stream  and  lor  .soine  distance  soiilliward. 
The  marsh  inside  Ihe  ^.llld  dunes  reaches  |i>  w  llh in  one  mile  of  this  eieek. 

Cintiior  ('ml,  is  choked  w  ilh  drift  wmul  as  soon  as  the  forest  is  reaeheil.  It  can  liin'orded  at 
its  iiioiilh  at  low  water  in  any  kind  of  wcallicr  except  dniin;;'  freshets. 

Tilt)  shore  Iietween  I  lie  en  I  ranee  to  <i  ray's  llarlior  and  Point  (ireiiville  is  Ihe  home  of  the  Sea 
(Mter,  so  valnalile  for  its  fur.  The  hunters  liiiild  scalVolds  (locally  Know  ii  as '•  derricks")  alioiit 
thirty  feel  hi;;!;  in  fax  oralile  places  overlook in^;'  the  lieaeh.  The  Sea  <  )lter  never  comes  nearer  the 
shore  than  the  miti  r  line  of  l>reakei's,  and  he  is  necessarily  shot  within  three  or  four  hn  mired  yards 
of  I  he  lieaeh  w  ith  \er\  hea\y  lar;;('t  lilies,  'i'liere  arc  seldom  more  than  six  or  ei,i,dit  of  these  hermit 
liiinlers  nil  the  licach  at  one  lime,  and  lliey  are  fortunate  lo.seoiire  live  or  eitjhl  skins  in  the  season. 
The  skins  are  woith  .'^7."i  to  .'jddit  each. 

The  lieaeh  is  hard,  clean  sand,  aid  inside  of  it  ilicie  is  a  continiioiis  line  of  heavy  drift  Irees 
and  lo;,'s  throw  n  Just  al)o\e  oidinary  hi;;h  water.  .\iiion<f  this  drift  are  found  the  redwood  loys, 
etc.,  from  the  California  coast, 

Cd/diZ/.v  li'irn. — l'',leven  miles  from  Piiinl  lliown  is  the  moiitli  of  the  Cojiaiis  lliver,  and  Just 
miilhol  It  theeomitiA  rises  to  one  hiiinlnil  tcci  lieai  the  shore.  The  stream  has  a  Ion;;,  low  sand 
spit  on  the  south  side,  and  opens  to  the  nortliwaril,  while  the  channel  runs  out  nearly  strai};'lit 
west. south  west  throui'h  a  Very  liroad,  low  water  lieaeh.  In  I.S,S7  jt  was  seM'iily  yards  wide 
lliroii;rli  these  sands.  Inside  the  forest  line  it  is  two  hiindred  and  lil'ty  yards  wide  for  a  short 
ilistamte,  and  then  narrows  to  sixly  _\arils.  There  are  three  or  four  sett ler.s'  houses  on  Ihe  ri\er. 
The  entrance  isolislructcd  liy  a  liar  with  only  (wo  to  four  feet  of  water  upon  it.  ami  it  is  Iheivfore 
impassaliliT  lor  any  vessels. 

It  Is  iia\i;;alilc  for  small  lioats  and  caniK's  alioiil  one  mile  aliove  its  iiioulh.  It  is  fordalile 
near  the  month,  in  smooth  wealher,  at  exireme  low  tides  except  a  freshet  lie  riiiinin^.  It  is  said 
thai  within  a  reasDiialile  period  the  river  ran  a  mile  and  a  half  farther  northward  and  emptied 
under  tlin  hoiitli  side  of  Copalis  Mead,  lint  there  are  iiicv  no  si^jns  of  sm^li  a  course.  The  liver  is 
not  more  than  ten  miles  loii|;,  and  comes  from  ihe  niirthward  and  neaily  parallel  with  the  lliimp- 
loliips  i;i\er.  The  «-oiiii(iy  is  low  l\  inj;,  especially  near  the  sea,  and  althoii;;li  densely  forested, 
there  are.  said  to  lie  luaiiies  aloii;^  the  course  of  the  st  ream.     Like  all  the  streams  on  (his  Coast,  the 


i 


u  r 


H' 


I  i 


i:,. 


■I  3f  (■ 


■^f    .i    I:*    i' 


m 


h' 


i 


Pit;  f  A 


•iss 


I'ACIIIC    COASr    PILOT. 


("«)Iiiili.s  iihoimtls  ill  Haliiiim,  wliuli  me  kim.iU'i".  Id  l.c  of  vtiy  siipoiior  qualit.v,  altl uh  .|„s  ,„ 

imtrli  siuiilh'r  tli.iii  flu- {'olmiibia  Uivcr  salmon.     Tlicrc  arc  two  lioiiscs  at  tlu' iiioiitli  of  il,,  ('uimK 
T!"  -ioj,naiiliical  position  of  tin-  iioitli  sidr  oC  tin-  cut'  .lu-c  ai  tin-  I'oicst  line  is: 

'-•"""'1''    17     07'  (p:     „„r!l, 

''""i^''"'!'     l^t      II     iv!     vv,,i 

I'poii  tlu'iMHili  or  rij^lit    bank  of  llu>  slrcaiM,  near  tin- iiw.iitli,  rormcrl.v  icsiilctl   Ih.  (  „|,^|  , 

tiilx'  of  liHlians.  Irom  wlioin  tlic  river  is  iiamcil.     It  lias  \,vvu  rrroi iislv  <-all('«l  tlii>  <'Iii|mIi-.  u\ 

rt'cciil  iiiaji,  and  liic  ("licpalis  on  tiir   m naissancc  ol    i.-N7.      I'or  two  miles  iiortli  of  ih,-  (  ,,|,,, 

llie  .saiulv  sliore  line  o.ntiniies,  init-  the  land  iiiimfdiatt'l.v  lieiiind  it  ri.scs  to  one  linndred  i, , ;  „ 
is  coveii'il  w  illi  Wood. 

I'liliiili .  l/idil  is  sonlli  Tort y  three  dej;?-ees  east  (S.  .|:> '  K.)  eleven  and  onecinaiter  unit  s  fi ,., 
I'oint  (iien\  ille  and  one  ium  three  iiiiarler  miles  iioillnvest  1).\  north  tVoin  tim  ( lopalh.  I,'i\.  i ,  ] 
IS  the  only  roeUv  poiiil  heiiee  to  I'oinI  (iienville.  1 1  is  a  liri;;ht  iihlH  risiii;;-  alioni  r  wo  hui, ;;.. 
feet  above  llie  sea,  and  eonli:.;ies  twti  inil.s  about  one  linndred  and  lort>  feet  hlj;li  and  om  -.  . 
bearing  ,is  the  lieaeli  from  the  south. 

The  lilulV  is  eoiiiposed  of  dark  ela.\ .      It  ean  not   be  jias.sed   Ity    teams  at  exireine  lii;.h  ■  .i: 
III  Idll^;li  Weather  it  should  be  \elillired  only  at  low  water. 

Aloiijr    ll.e    beaeh    in    the   \uinil\    of  the    head    there   are    deposits    of  liia;;lielie  iiMile     i 
(blaek  sand,  iarr\inj,'  line  jiai  I  leles  oi    -olil.  but  several  iiiinin^^  parties  have  failed  to  ma  Im       , 

The  lieaeli  is  broad  and  rocky,  and  olf  this  lie  two  small  rocks  lixc  hundred  andlili,  \i  , 
fioiu  till' ,'<lioie;  the  lii;;hest  idck*  is  thirty  live  fe«-t  above  t lie  water.  Nearly  one  hall  intl.  . 
till'  he, id  is  a  ruck  awash  at  lou    water. 

The  jieojjrapliical  pi'sition,  as  deteriuiiU'd  by  the  I'.  S.  Coast  ami  (itodetic  Surve\,  is: 


l.:iniiuli' 

1   ..l;-llliar 


17      (I-    ,MI      iioilli 

l-.M        I-.'     la       »rsl. 


There  is  one  house   just  north  of  Copalis  lieail. 

Iruni    -.i.n.:!!!!    these   rocks   aie   seen    projected    a;;ainst    this  short  line  of  liliill.      I  in  >   n. 
nieiilioiied  li\    llcccia  in  177.").  ;nid   \>\   \''.acouver  who  anchored  directly  abreast  of  tliein  m  \,'.'. 
It  isoll  lliis  jioint  that  the  di'jith  of  water  incieases  i|uile  suddenly. 

Anil  this  !■-  till    iMilx   placi'  u 'u  ir  llii'  ImlKOis  riiii  l:iiii|  tin  iMitli   ilifsiirl',    I'm  lirri'  I  lir  -i  ;i  lnrjKs  iln.  i  . 
tii'iii'li   111  Hiu'   lai'tJi'  IiumKii  :    Liillpi    to  tin-  iinilli    iiml   to  llio  soiitli,  wlicrr  the  \\:ilri-  i- -lio.il,  ll»'  im  ;iKi  i  -    \'. 
iiiit  a  oirai    « ay  t 

'i'he  lill,ir(il  ii{,  II  III  :iloiio  this  shore  is  to  the  iiorthw  aid,  and  all  drift  iinilerial  froin  Sim  i  «  ,  . 
Itay  and  <  ir:i\ 's   llaibor  moves  to  ilic  iiorthwanl   aoamsl   i  lie  siiininer  winds.      We  ha\e  .iIk  .i<: 
nieiilloned    t  he  di  ill  iiii;   of  the  w  reckaoe  of  the  sle:im  ship  (liiinnl  \V<iiii,i  litiiii  <  hllsnji  S|'.i. 
Ilie   <'olilinbi:l    I'JMl,    to   ;i    pninl    one   mile    north   of   llie  Copalis.      As  a  \el\   slioiij,'  plod!   ol  lii 
exisieiice  of  this  liiior:il    current    to  the   iiorMr.vard    the  coast    thence  to  « 'a]ie   l''!;iiici\  :-iii!l.i 
redwood   loos. 

r.iiiitiv  Criili. — This   stream   emptviiij;   half  a    mile    north    o'' Copal's   Head    c:iii   li;' ro;,!r.|  i' 
r)rdinaiy   halflide.  exccpi    when   swollen   with  r;niis  and  ineltjiij,'  siiow  .      North   of  Immum  <'•• 
tluTc  is  '•  blaek  sand  "  on  the  beach   w  illi  line  j,'old  particles. 

./()  C/rc/,' IS  a  liioderalel.\  lar;.;e  creek  opeiiin;;  on  the  ocean  thlt"  ami  one  half  mile--  ihm  i  ii'.s.ioi 
of  Copalis  Head.     There  is  a  small  piece  <it  bliilldn  soiilli  side  and  also  on  the  mirlli  sidiv 

TiiiM  stream  can  be  fouled  at    'idiiia'N   hall  tide  except  duiiii;,'  freshets. 

Simiitiillii^f  l\'irty  is  a  moderately  lar^e  stream  six  miles  nollliwaid  of  Cop;ili-.  Head  aim  Imii 
and  one  ipiaiter  miles  south  lill.\ -eiolr,  d<';rrees  east  (.S.  ,>S     Kjficm   I'dint  Creiixille.      il  lia-iiiH'. 
I), ire,  sand  piiunsula  on  the  sotit.i  sii.'e  half  a  mile  lon«:  and  al>oiil  lilly  .\;irds  liroati  ;  oil  ili.  iiiinT 
side  of  the  stream  there  is  a  brii^ht  blulf  reachiiio  lifly  feel  liiyh  abreast  the  eiitiam  e,      I  In  i.    i 
lliret"  houses  )ii>l  (iiiiilli  of  the  l  loiilli  of  tins  slieaii;. 

'J'liis  stream  is  the  soiilhein  bound, ii\  «  f  the  (^>iiiiiiault  Indian  lie.ser\  alion.  It  i;iii  I  c  'ujilm 
near  the  nioiilh  at  low  w:iler;  teams  nsuall.\  cross  near  the  sonlh  end  of  the  blul)  ami  |o  i  ■  •!  ■ 
iiojit  |i:ink  niider  thi'  bliill  to  the  north.     The  bliilV  is  yellowish  clay. 

•  r,./„i;,„  /.••..  H.     'I'lnsiM  (  oi,n:il  am!  •,  I'l.N  .  clll^.|n. im.      !t  i  iMd  |o  llni  l.\    In  i    fii  t  al.oi  .■  t  In- k.m,  aii.l  m  1- 

li.ill.-.l  Hi  jlHa|M>\  III.' Hitiiill   Inil  of  II  Ha  oiln  ImmiOi.     TIh' ioc  I,   i<  Hiirioninl.  .1  l'\    liriakciN  ami  i  ,iii  In   i,  ;i,  ) 

by  a  <a in  Ihr  M-rv  hii Ilnct  wi'iilliil.     'I'la."  Inriil.  I  ollin  rr  iiialliN  at  Inn  hlulinn  lor  l.iiij;  pi'iiurlM  ciil  oil    a  ii.' 

I  iniiMniini  :itloii  w  ilh  lliii  nliori' yMi'iit  hy  hi;!lin. 

t  rill'  ,\oi!li»int  Coatl  ;  iir,''riin'<i  VcaiN'  HcKiiji-iiri'  ni   Wiivliiiiyton   Ti'iiilorj,  i-',jT. 


I    |: 


V,  illllhiliuh  !|in  „, 
tioiith  orHi,  ('oi,,,!^ 
line  is: 

HT     iMirllL 

1*-'        W  ol, 

rfsidcd    III,.  (',,|,i|  . 

<'<!  Illf  <'llip:ilis  ,„ 

imrtli  (if  III,.  (  ,,|,,  . 

IC  llinilll'l',1    li  ,.;   ,, 

'  i|ihiitiM-  iiiil,  V  ii . 
J  * 'opal I.-;  li'iM  ! , 

illlOIlt    |U(,   hlliii;,, 

I  lii;:li  an, I  ,111  -.  . 
'Xtn'iiic  ln;.l!     V 

Lillet  If    ii\i,|,.  .,1     ■ 

il'-il  1,1  iiMik,  i  , 
rt'tl  and  liti-,  \  ,:  , 
ly  iiiit'  liali   iimI.   I 

■  Siiixcy,  is: 
.'ill     11,11  III 

li:l       ^^,.^l. 

r  iiiiiii.    Tii,\  u., 

i.-<t  III'  tiiciii  III  1  ':.>: 

1  I.i.mKs  .1 

Ml,   lln     1,1,  ,,1,  : 

lal  t'niiii  ShiMiw  i:. 
\\  (■  li.ivc  all,  .n: 
l>lll   ( lal.-.!,!!  .'■^].  ;. 

.-•iKiiij;  |ii  iM.:  ,.,  ', . 
f   l-'!all(i  \  1^  iiiil  . 


11 


■  \A 


d    "Mil    ii;'  • 

til       ,ll'      I'lllKll'       < 

lit'   liilli'.^  li,ii  i  :>'t  I. .. 
mil  I  h  snl,' 

lalis  I  lead  aii.i  i t! 
vill,-.      It  lia  .  il..> 
tliiad  ;   (Til  111.   itii»  ■ 
itraiicc.     'Ill'  I'    I. 

It  can  Ik   Ii  '.'1' 
iliiD'aiid  toll.      'I.. 


;;  'H 


:  in 


**v-A,  ari«l  III  I  -  ~ 

Jill  r;iil   l»f  (fJU  lit  '1  "lii> 

|M>notlH  till  oil   ^^  tiiMU' 


Il,'  ;r'-'.i*i.r"  «»{■«; --I,. 


X—    -«-    -.r^- 


■•',^-''*'^-^' 


.rT^,-'-'-''»r'^-'"'i  '~<-  -«-  s--  ■  --^■y,.^../.r^'vv-,itT.j'T      Rp 


•'"iiieal  Rock.  Stmora  Koef. 

Cape  Eli/ali,.th,  K.  1  S.,  3  miles. 


StV!  feet.  Arc 

I'ditit  tirciiville,  K.  by  S.  J 


8*a  Lion  Ror.k,  NW.  by       Split  Rock  5  miles: 
N..  8  miles;  15  feet.  Hfi  feet. 


3}  miles. 

Willoughbv  Rouk, 
123  feet. 


Arch  IkIai 


,<>••<'■«*> 


\^i!^W^^''^m%'^%< 


FlktHock.         BaftBiTer. 

Arch  Island,  E.  liy  8.  i^8.,4i  n<.W». 


'Two  Heads." 


SI'.'feet.  Arch  Kock,  82  fall. 

I'ditit  tirciiville,  K.  by  S.  J  S.,f  luilen. 


fi?  miles. 
Arch  Isiiujd,  7  inih's. 


r>  miles. 


CapeEli/.ahftli,  N.  liy  K.  *  K.    :t  nuics. 


^iTf0f^$A^fkiSiM^^,. :,,  ,■• :  :\ 


Mm 


Williiughhy  Koi'k 
1W:I  l.r.I. 


BliJl'IJ   - 


Split  Koi'k.  85  feol. 

f'Hpi'  K.llZHhflll.  SK. 

i  l;.,  lU  inilvs. 


Si'u  I, ion  RkV, 
SK    -I  niilrt. 


i  -  r^r 


If    i 


■4  'W. 


\m  \\ 


f  s 


«  r 


<'a|if  Kl 


% 


JKT" 


Sfii  l.ioii  K...  k.  NW    l.v        Split  Roi-k,  5 


>e  Elizabeth,  N.  by  E.  i  E..  3  milfH. 


'■  ,4  f 


fWfv ':>'■' :»*-^h*g^; 


>^^^^IM. 


'^*-v!■■^^4l  I-  juii.,,  I  m  j^  ■  I  ju  -Ji^ 


FUtRcwk.  RaftKivi-r. 

Arch  IhIuiiiI,  K.  Iiy  S,.  ^  S.,  4|  iiii. 


Hoik,  85  feet. 
SK. 


S<'U  I  It'll  h'i'ik, 

.SK..  ;i!  Hi  ,i>. 


K 


1 


I? 


U 


llilrH. 


|g55^^^^-' 


M...:i!n. 


liis 


n| 


i 


"Ha 


Point  OriMiviiii'. 
NNK., .-.  i„il.-v 


Anil  KoiK,  ■*.'  feet. 


'.'.;  fi>ot.  itl  tVi'l.     K'.M'i'ft, 

uiidi-r  Katttcrn  nhiirp. 

Aii>')iorut;t'. 


^*J>>.i.,-»»   T'"'»f,'Wl^ 


Split  RiMk.-r.  fr.t.     \Vill<>ii;;lili\    K'nck, 
NNW.'.M  niilis.  l',';(  i'r.i. 


Arrli  IhIiuhI.         (.'(iiir  Kli/,il.i-i;i.  N.J  \V..i',i  miiIi^h. 


l^iii'iiiiill  Village. 


■ES/3^v._.i 


l^-^r^r. 


J'.iiiit  <;rriM  illr.  V..\  S..  .'>  iiiiIih.     ;tj  fr.'l. 


Anil  Kock.  H-'  rrtt. 


' 


\Hl 


|! 


In 


'■*|U 


Ph  i!^ 


i»^itii^ii 


11 
1 ,1 


i 


«F 


■f't 


4 


I. 


I'ACIKIC   COAHT    I'lliOT, 


489 


Tlio  lu'iicli  is  bold,  and  in  niodniiitc  \vi;iitli«r  tlit'  Incakcrs  arc  (|uif('  licavy  at  tiic  entrance  to 
I  Ik  slreani. 

n'»(«/.  ('(((A  is  a  Hiiiall  stream  lyinj;  two  miles  east  liy  sontii  IVom  I'oint  (irenville  and  eijflit 
;iri(l  a  half  miles  norlli  of  t'o|)aIis  Head.  It  lias  low  sand  spits  on  eitiuT  side,  thence  to  the 
r;i|K>  the  low  wutei  beach  narrows,  and  the  land  rises  insidtt  witiiont  exitosed  elill's. 

This  stream  can  be  forded  at  ordinary  hall-tide,  except  during  freshets. 


if 


I'OINT   fiUKNVII.LK. 

From  Copalis  IFiiad  to  Point  Orenville  the  coast  continues  in  the  same  geru-ral  direction  as 
from  dray's  Harbor,  Shoalwaler  liay,  and  (!ape  Disappointment,  and  the  charaeteristii'  Icatures  of 
i|j<'  <'<inntry  are  similar.  l''rom  Oopalis  ileiid  the  distan<'e  is  nine  and  one-lhird  miles  and  the 
liiiiiing  north  tbitythri'e  de^'rees  west  (N.  t.'(  ^  W.).  The  siiore  line  is  nearly  slnfi;;ht,  with  a  hard 
siiiui  lieaeh  whic'li  changes  to  shingle  disposed  in  long  rows  parallel  with  tln^  shore.  These  ridges 
cil  shingle  dam  the  months  of  nntny  small  streams  ami  form  potnls  aboumling  in  trout,  and  formerly 
well  slocked  with  beaver  and  otter.  Inside  of  these  i»oihIs  the  laml  ri.ses  in  elitls  covered  to  the 
idge  with  a  dense  iimlei growth  of  lir  ami  (U'dar. 

As  I'uint  (irenville  is  approached  along  the  shore  the  liigh  land  comes  down  much  nearer  to 
III!'  beach  ami  forms  sandstom-.  (ilill's  with  roi^ky  ledges  piojciMing  into  the  sea.  About  one  and  u 
i|iiaiter  miles  before  reaching  the  point  the  high  shoreline  sweeps  to  the  west  and  west-southwest 
loi  nearly  a  mile,  anil  then  curves  about  one  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  south-southwest.  Along  the 
siiore  of  the  bay  rocky  ma.saes  extend  out  to  the  edge  of  low  water. 

liefore  reaching  I'oint  (irenville  the  beach  becomes  so  locky  that  for  one  mile  it  can  not  be 
tiaversed  by  wagons. 

A  road  has  been  built  over  the  point  becau.se  there  is  no  beach  around  it. 

I'oint  (Irenville  is  a  broken,  rocky,  sandstone  promontory  with  nearly  vertical,  whitish  ditls 
that  are  more  than  one  hnnilied  feet  high.  lOven  inside  the  jioint  the  clitV  is  very  steep,  ami  is 
.iseendi'd  only  by  a  ditlicult  trail,  formerly  used  by  the  Indians.  The  hills  rise  iricgularly  be- 
liiiid  the  point  toa  tew  hnmlied  lectin  twoor  tiireo  miles;  but  farther  inland  they  iiua'case  to  prob- 
alily  eight  hundred  feet.  All  the  hills  are  covered  with  lir  and  cedar.  Tlie  point  itself  is  marked 
liy  several  large  rocky  masses  standing  out  from  the  shore,  and  by  many  small  and  low  rocks. 
The  two  large  and  prominent  rocks  untside  the  point  are  seen  i)ni|ccted  on  each  other,  when  ap- 
liniached  from  the  south.  Tlie  two  Kxrks  on  the  inside  of  the  point,  and  on  the  pidlongation  of 
its  ocean  face,  are  so  close  together  that  they  are  freiinently  .seen  as  one.  The  two  lie  three  huu- 
(hi-d  yards  east  by  south  one-half  sontli  IVom  the  easternmost  clitl'of  the  jioint,  and  there  is  twelve 
leet  of  water  just  east  of  them.  The  inner  ami  larger  one  is  ninety-nine  feet  high,  and  the  outer 
one  ninety-four  feet.  The  most  notable  of  the  two  outer  rocks  is  the  Artli  /I'oc/r  which  lies  over  half  a 
iiulesontli  from  the  western  part  of  the  «'litl,  and  nearly  three-tifthsof  a  mile  sontli  thirty-six  degrees 
west  (8.  .'{(i  '  W.)  of  the  inner  extieiiiily  ol'  the  point.  It  is  eighty  'wo  feet  in  elevation,  and  shows 
a  large  ai<h  through  it  wlieii  seen  from  tUo.  sonthsoutliwest.  There  is  a  depth  of  four  fathoms  of 
water  close  around  it,  and  four  fathoms  halfway  between  it  and  the  west  [loint  of  the  Ca[»e. 

This  rock  shows  white  in  summer  from  the  bird  dejiosits  which  are  usually  washed  otf  in 
winter  by  the  rains  and  heavy  seas.     The  arch  lies  east  and  west. 

Foni  hundred  yards  west  northwest  from  the  Arch  Hock  lies  a  small,  low  rtich  aintsli  at  high 
water,  forming  a  danger  in  the  ap|)roaches.  The  western  rock  (tif  the  westeiii  point  of  the  ("ape  is 
aliout  two  hundred  yards  from  the  clilVs  and  rises  to  ninety-two  feet  above  the  sea.  There  are 
(ileiily  of  I'ocks  insidt*  of  it  but  none  outside.  The  depth  of  water  close  iimU'r  its  sontli  side,  is 
ten  feet,  reaching  three  fathoms  nearly  one  third  the  way  out  to  the  Anli  Hock. 

From  this  western  rock  .ilong  the  eastern  point  of  the  cliffs,  there  is  a  large  number  of  low 
locks  reaching  thirty-four  feet  high,  lying  two  hundred  and  li"'iy  yards  from  the  sontli  face  of  the 
elllls,  with  lifteen  feet  of  water  off  them.  As  Point  (irenville  is  approached  along  the  .shore  from 
the  .southward  the  high  land  comes  d()wn  much  nearer  to  the  beach  and  forms  sand.stone  elitls 
with  rocky  ledges  |irojcctiiig  into  the  sea. 

A'hen  approached  from  seaward  from  the  southward  I'oint  (irenville  is  not  distinctly  made 
out,  because  it  is  projected  on  the  elitls  of  (,>iiiniaull  I'oint  or  t'ape  HIi/.abeth,  three  or  tour 
miles  to  the  northwest.  As  .seen  from  the  west  to  .southwest  it  is  at  the  ea.sterii  limit  of  the  bright 
cliffs,  reacihing  from  the  latter  point,  and  has  two  dark  rociks  projected  against  it.    (Jver  the 


IS 


^ 


■ '   i; 


■JU 


■'  t 


VM'': 


«'■ 


41*<)  rAciiic  COAST  rii,(»T. 

wiHMlfil  citast  is  st'i'ii  tlu-  (,'r(';it  mass  id'tlu'  OlympiiM  raiiK'f,  with  tlit^  iiriiicipal  jx-aks  In  ,,i  m;,,,!,,,,,, 
iiorlli  iiorllii'ast. 

Wlu'ii  seen  Iroiii  tlu<  sniitli  smitliwi'st  tlifsc  two  lari,'c  dark  roi  ks  appfar  Ir ■ali'.l.  ,,iiil  slmn 

wfll  as  pniji'i-trd  apiinsi  llic  liri-;ht  clitls.     The  outer  om-  Ih  llic  Airli  Kock,  and  tin-  ,c,  l,  ^  ,,,1, 
tiiriiu;j;li  it  at  li\t'  miles  distaiu-i'. 

Wiu'ii  siTii  I'nim  tlic  west  iioilliwcst  tlic  rocks  lie  clear  of  the  point:  tlie  lii;;i  ici  k  rlnsi  i, 
tlu'  onter  iioint  of  tlie  cape  is  onlv  lliree  diameters  ouisi  '.c  the  cii!l,  ai'd  tlie  Arcli  I.'ik  I.  wWl,,,,, 
and  projected  against  tlie  lon^',  low,  wooded  land  to  the  .,ontheast.  The  inner  rock-,  iii.  ih,|  Hi,.,, 
visible. 

Piiiiit  (innrilli  Ciirt'  forms  a  very  contracted  amh'Xposed  roadstead,  which  slionlil  In  n-nl  (,:,i, 
as  a  harbor  of  icfii-e;  apparently  it  has  a  roek\  bottom.  It  can  be  used  as  an  anclmr.i;;!.  ,|, 
umtherlv  smooth  wealhei'  for  craft  below  medium  si/.e. 

The  extreme  southerly  point  and  the  two  lar;;e  rocks  break  the  foice  of  the  sea  ciMi>i,l,.|iil,h, 

The  llirec-fallioiii  line  e\|end.s  half  a  mile  from  the  beaili,  ami  a  \essei,  iiidess  of  liiit  li^ht 
drau;;ht,  is  compelled  to  anchor  so  tar  out  that  the  point,  and  the  locks  olV  it,  altoMl  liiii  lii;||. 
protecti'm  from  the  prcNadiii;;  west  noilhwcst  winds  ot  snmnu-r.  It  is  useless  durinf;  tin-  wlinir 
months.  In  ordinaiy  weather  a  m's.scI  may  anchor  in  four  fathoms  of  water  over  saiiil\  lidiinin, 
with  the  innermosl  point  of  (irenville  bcaiin;;  northwest  (NNV.)  and  the  onll.viii;^  Aicli  I.'.i'k 
bearin;;  wot  |NV.|.  in  tins  position  the  thicelalhom  line  hcs  ouethird  of  a  mile  nmili  ,iiii|  itr. 
ei;;htlisof  a  mile  eas! «  ard  ;  but  the  shore  to  the  north  is  nearly  seven  ci;;hths  of  a  inilc,  .unl  t,, 
the  east  nearly  one  ami  a  ipmrter  miles  distant.  'I'here  is  a  luoad,  low  water  Ixaeli  fiuin  ilniu 
side  uf  the  point  round  by  the  east  and  .southeast.  It  is  ie|ioiled  that  a  boat  can  l.iinl  iimiir 
Point  (ireiixilie,  excejit  in  tlii^  very  heaviest  southerly  yales.  When  a  vessel  is  close  umlii  iln 
point,  with  the  inner  e.xtrcmily  liearinj,'  \fry  nearly  north,  several  rocks  are  seen  oil'  Ihi-  il:il,;ii 
Cape  Mli/.ibeih,  four  miles  to  the  iiorlhw\'st,  and  one  ot'  them,  close  iushor<',  is  shown  on  mn  (.; 
the  old  \iews  as  a  small  lej;(it  niiittoii  sail,  but  this  rock  does  not  e.xist. 

.Ml  these  locks  were  I'cnnieil.N  the  resorts  of  seaolteis,  and  at  present  the  two  lai.ii  riM,^ 
ha\e  <;re.>t  iinnibeis  of  sea  lions  upon  them. 

The  Sniimii  li'iil. — .\  dan^eiiins  reef  stretches  out  from  Cape  llli/.abclh  nearly  sonlli  ..ni.iii 
to  w  iihin  one  and  a  half  miles  of  Point  Ciien\  ille.     The  sou  I  hern   tail  of  this  daii;;ei    i^  oni'  .ii  ; 
one  eighth  miles  ot)  the  clill's,  about   cnie  third  of  a  iiiili^  in  extent,  and  lies  north  si\l\  M'\iin!< 
;;rees  West  (N.  (i7     \V.\,  one  and  a  half  miles  fioin  .\ich  I.'ock.     (See  Cape  I'-li/abelh.! 

The  apjiroximate  };eoy:raphicaI  positicm  of  the  Arch  Pock  olV  Point  Cienville,  as  il.  u  iiiiiinii 
by  the  r.  S.  Coast  and  ileodctic  Survey,  is: 

l.atililitf IT      17    ;i;t     iinrili 

l,(,ii-iiiiil(i i-'i    IT    i;i    «i~; 

•  ii.  Ill  tiiin' -'  IT "  il-.:i. 

In  .lannaiy.  iss."i,  llie  iii.i^;iietic  variation  was  '_"_'    'JL."  i:;isl.  wiih  a  yeail,\  increase  „\'  r  ;. 
l'"rom  the   Arch  K'oek,  oil   this  point,  we  havf  the  foilowiiif;  beaiin,i;s  and  dislaiiiis  i..|.inn. 
ueilt  (dijects: 

iPislnirtliMl    l^lalHl  1  lir(l|iiiMMl  l.lfjlll-lliniw),   linl     1  llll'IMsi  lllf N.l;l         \V.  '.MJ   Mil'' 

J.iiiirs  Mana.  i^iiiUiliiilc  l>'u.T N  114  W,  :;|J  imlr. 

(air.ill  InIii,  .Niirlli  111' (.'iiiM'  .liiliiison N  !■•  W.  11     iiiil.s. 

(ira.Ns   llailHu    (iiil-.iili'  liiio.v .s.  ;;;i  !•:.  'Jiij  niilis. 

Cap.'  Shoalwalii   l.ijjlil  Ikiusc  I  lull   lulri  viHihli' ) .*^.  -i.  1).  :!('ii  inili-!., 

Capi'  IlisapiHiinl iil.Nnrlli    lliail S.  ','-♦  i:  HI     mil. - 

■filial. k  IJiH-k    l.i-lilli.iiis,.    S.  'J-  i;,  -Jl  mill 

Va.|iiiiia  lliail^i  l.i;;lil-li<iUHi' S.  -Jl  i:.  !.■.•«    iml.^ 

In  June,  IS,".,".,  when  we  were  nearly  becalmed  ofV  the  bri;;lit  cliiVs  of  Point  Cit  iiv  illr  inul 
tjiiiniaiilt  Point,  we  found  we  were  iipim  a  bank  wesf  by  north  (\N'.  by  N.)  sixteen  n.ilis  li"iii 
point  <;renville;  we  had  .soundings  in  lifteeii  fathoms  of  wati-r  over  a  very  solt  mnd  bnihini;  m 
twenty  one  miles,  .seventeen  I'alhoins;  af  twenty  nine  miles,  thirty  si.x  fathoms,  ;iiid  iImt  iniln 
honth  southeast  fimn  the  lirst  position  we  struck  sixteen  ami  a  half  fathoms.  Tin' cii  ;  hHI  "I 
the  bottom  was  the  s;iine  in  all  the  .sonndinus.  We  were  bound  for  Adniiralts  liild  aiMJ  li.id  n- 
time  to  make  an  extended  examination.  In  April,  18".ti,  we  found  forty  live  fiitlioiiis  ol'  MUtii '' 
latitude  Ifl  r,\'  muth,  lon-,'itiid(  i:.'!'^ ;{:{' west,  beiiif,' sixteen  miles  broml  otV  shore.  \  ninnivir 
has  lilt\  lathoms  inshle  the  position  of  our  liftceii  fathoms,  aHMimiiig  his  position  by  de.ii  nrkni 
iiig  to  be  correct. 


niiiciil.M.  .,im|  s1,„„ 

'I'l    thr  ,(,v||  I,  ,,,,„ 

lli«l:  ill.  ,  ,-|,,s,  I, 
.'well  l.'iiik  Wrll  Mill 
V  rock.-.  ;li,    |„,|  II,,.,, 

slioiilil  III'  ii>ri|,ii,|j 
il.s   ■III    illichi.p.ij.,.  ii^ 

•  MM  ciillNi.lciiil.h. 

unless  of  1,111  ii^ii, 

it,  ilHiilll    Inn    li;;!,. 

N  tliiriii-  till'  »iii|,.f 
•iMT  s.iihiv  In, Hull,. 

i>iil.\lii-  .\iili  |;,„|, 
mile  linilli  aiiij  in,.. 
Ii.s  III'  a  iiiilf,  , Mill  til 
■  liracli   fiMiii  III,.  II, 

'Oilt     Cllll    j.llllj    lllliht 

1    l.S    clllsc    ninlri   111,. 

.Sfl'll  (ill'  tlir  r|;|!,;i| 
is  show  ii    nil  niii'iil 

lie  t  ui)   I. II  _i  1   r,i,'U 

:il'l\   siiiilli  .iiiilliiM.^t 
■I  (iiiii;;!'!    I-  one  .iinl 

lllllll     Si\l\      si'lillil,., 
/.IlllClll. 

villi',  a.s  i|,  1, 111111,1,1 

;i'.i     noil  I, 
r.t     \M-; 
■  11  .:t. 

iiicicasi'  of  I'.l. 

(iistllMccv   1,1  ]i|illlll. 

V.':i)  mil.  - 

■Mi  mil,  , 

II  111111-. 

'Ji!^  null  » 

■.iCi  mil.  ■ 

III  mil, - 

s'-'i  null  . 

l.>  mil.- 

'iiiiit  ('< II  Ilk illi'  mill 

si.Mccli  inllr.s  llMlll 
lilt  lllllll  l">tliini;  lit 
MS,  anil  1 1  ii-r  iiiili'> 
..     'I'lii   I'liirin-ii'i'iif 

\     llilrl   .ii'l    li.lil  llii 

t'adi.inis  i.i   Miilfi  !i. 

slliirc.       \    ilinillVlT 

on  liv  (liM'l  ici'kiiii 


PACIKIC    COAST    IMI,f)T. 


491 


VancoiiviT  found  tlio  ciirriMil  lii'ic  iiinnin^  In  tlic  iiortliwiml,  anil  Tclu'iiUdll's  iliiut  inilicafos 
ihr  saiiif  cnirciit. 

I'liint  (in'iivlUc  was  first  iiotifpil  in  tlio  second  cxiicilition  of  Hon  llnmo  ilc  Ilcccta,  in  .Inly, 
',:',:>,  when  llio  (Vigiito  Sdnliuijo  of  liis  roninnilid  was  in  (laii;,'i'r  of  the  icef  iinilcr  ('ajii'  ICIizalirlli, 
all.)  ran  to  tlio  soiitliward  of  tlic  point  about  one  niili'  wlicn  slii-  anciioicd  wiiiii-  the  stliooni-r  was 
111  iniiililoofV  tht^  (Jniniaiilt  Itivir.  It  was  undiT  tLc  iinint  that  (lii-  frigate,  l)eiiig  at  anchor,  took 
liiisse.ssioii  of  tlie  toiiiiliy  "in  that  loud." 

It  was  iiaiiiet!  Point  (irenville  liy  Vancouver  in  April,  17!>L',  when  he  phiced  it  in  IT^lil",  and 
(ilils,  tliat.  I.viii;i[  oil"  the  point  are  "three  rocky  islets,  one  of  wliicii,  like  that  at  ("ape  Lookout,  is 
|iiiioiated;"  and  it  is  m)  marked  on  his  chart.  On  iiis  return  from  the  north  lie  aiicliored  nearly 
aliieastol"  tht^  rocks  otf  Copalis  Head,  and  the  coast  from  (iren\i!l(^  towards  Destiuctiou  Ishiud 
IS  fairly  well  ii'prcscnted  on  his  chart.  Wiieii  south  of  I'oint  (irenville  \'ancouver  says  he  had 
sij;lit«il'  ii  reinarkahly  hi^h,  round  mountain,  wliich  lose  very  (HUispicuoiisly  aiiove.  a  line  of  low, 
'11  latlicr  moderately  elevated  land,  and  which  was  covered  with  snow  down  to  the  intervening^ 
line  olr  trees.     I>y  suliscipuMit  observation  he  established  this  object  as  Mount  Itainier. 

DeMolras' chart  tlesij^nates  this  point  I't.  de  la  ilaslidu  on  (irenville. 

It  wa.s  examined  by  the  IJ.  S.  Coast  SiiiM-y  in  the  reconnaissances  of  IS.'»J  and  IS.'il.  In  tlu^ 
latter  year  it  was  placed  approximately  in  latitude  17    I'd'. 

I'oint  (jienvilh-  is  within  the  limits  of  the  (^iiiniault  ltes«-rvation  for  the  Indians. 

I'tiiiif  (livHrillc  Ii)  (^>uiiiiitult  I\inr. — The  beach  between  I'oiiit  (iri'inillo  and  the  (i>iiiniault 
i.'ivcr  is  foimed  of  a  very  coarse,  sLifliiig  sand;  it  is  very  bold  and  is  impassable  at  high  tide,  or 
at  half  tide  in  rough  weather. 

^H'lNlAri.T   lilVKK. 

The  mouth  of  this  small  stream  is  just  three  miles  northwest  from  I'oint  (irenville,  and  oiie 
mile  east  of  (.,Juiniault  roint  or  Cape  Kli/abeth.  I'"rom  I'oint  (Iiciiville  tlii^  shore  is  very  straight 
to  the  tiiiiniaiilt.  The  first  two  miles  are  bl nil's  with  a  good  low-water  beach.  The  last  three- 
ijiiaitcrs  of  a  mile  is  low.  I'luliiig  in  a  sandy  and  gravelly  point  foiiiiing  the  south  point  of  the 
.'iitiance  to  the  river.  .M  ccilaiii  seasons  it  is  almost  closed  by  the  shingle  and  gravel  tlirown  in 
li>  tlii^  surf.  The  closing  of  the  ciiliancc  has  so  far  daiiiiiird  the  river  as  to  form  a  small  lake,  two 
liiiiidicd  yards  wide,  upon  tlir  south  shorts  of  wiiich  is  situated  the  \illage  of  (^iii'iiiult.  On  the 
ucsieiii  sid(<  of  the  lake  there  is  a  short,  iiairow  channel  to  the  ocean  that  is  available  as  a 
passage  for  canoes  at  high  water  in  calm  weathci.*  In  l.s.ST  the  entrance  was  about  ninety  yards 
wide  at  high  water  and  about  tifty  .\ arils  at  low  water.  Under  the  bliilf  on  the  northwest 
side  there  is  a  long  santl  beach,  and  the  moiilh  of  this  stream  must  change  siunewhat  with  the 
seasons.  This  river  ri.si's  in  a  large  lake  about  twenty  miles  distant  in  a  direct  line  to  the  east- 
northeast  and  lying  in  the  .southwest  hills  of  the  Olympus  Mmiutaiiis.  It  has  the  .same  name  as 
!lie  river,  antl  is  the  4'asteru  limit  of  the  Indian  I!e.>iiervation.  It  Hows  through  a  hea'  ily  wooded 
('.miitry  of  spruce,  lir,  hemlock,  ami  cedar,  and  can  be  navigated  for  liftecii  or  twenty  miles.  It 
lias  a  strong  cuireiit,  and  can  not  in-  forded.  On  the  south  or  left  hand  are  located  tl  e(^)uiniault 
Indian  Agency  and  village. 

i'he  stream  abounda  in  line  Salmon,  which  begin  to  run  in.lannary  a'ul  continue  until  the  lat- 
ter part  of  .Iiiiie.  The  Im'ians  catch  l!!"m  bv  nuaiis  of  weirs.  The  ,i]iproaclies  to  this  stream 
liavi' not  been  exaiiiiiied.  Near  the  mouth  sea  otters  iwre  very  abunda.il,  but  tliiv  have  ln'cii 
hunted  almost  to  extermination.     Sea  lions  are  not  plenty  iu  (his  immediate  lo>  alily. 

The  Sonora  K'i/.—lt  is  reported  that  there  is  a  nearly  •ontiiiiioiis  reef  from  Cape  Klizaboth 
to  I'oint  (irenville,  iiaving  a  crescent  oi-  semi-circular  shape,  coiivcx  .seaward,  the  'h.ngerous  line 
showing  only  iu  i  heavy  swell  and  -some  parts  of  it  baring  at  low  water.  Tlic  southern  cud  of  this 
reef  is  two  and  one  half  miles  southeast  by  south  onetlr.rd  .sontli  'SE.  by  8.  ;\  S.)  from  Cape 
r.lizalteth  and  one  and  a  quarter  miles  broad  olf  the  slnu'-.  !t  reai  ties  wiiliin  oneaiid  a  half  miles 
of  Toiiit  (Jrenville;  this  reef  lies  inside  the  usual  cour.se  of  the  coasting  ves.sels  and  was  inside  the 
course  of  the  surveying  steamer  in  l.Sol. 

Ill  stormy  weather  :lie  swell  breaks  with  great  fury  upon  the  reef.  In  December,  ISStJ,  the 
IJritish  bark  Sir  .lumHvtjiT  FamiUj  was  wrecked  on  the  inside  of  the  icef.  She  sailed  in  between 
thoroefand  I'oint  Grouville  and  struck  on  the  innermost  rock  under  Cape  Kli/.alteth,  where  she 


m 


i| 


I 


II 


'Nortliwost  CouHt.     Tlirc.^  yciUH'  nsi.li'iioo  in  WiiNliiiiKtun  'I'lirntury,  ls,")7.     I'lij^f  Jli;t. 


■I  ill 


rAciKic  coAsi    rii,(n-. 


went  It)  pit'CfN.     Within  tin-  .vcar  ISS7  a  vohwI  got  iiiMi<li'  lliis  \vv{\  hut  Nailutl  out  l..v  ili.  wmsW 
caiii)'  ill. 

Ill  tlic  licavif.st  wcatluT  a  I'lnv  ilcar  iiassaui's  an*  seen  tliioiiKli  this  iccC. 

OiitHJiii.  of  (his  rt'cr,  at  an  fstiiiiutcil  ili.slaiict'  of  one  mil,.,  ilinr  is  an  isnlatci!  I.m  .li.ii  h|ii,|, 
sliows  only  in  a  hirt;f  swfll,  when  it  hcavfs  up  occasnMiail.v  foi  sfVfiil.v  (lvf>  arils  in  Iim-iIi.  |,||,|,, 
very  licavy.     The    Indian  Anient  at  (.)iiiniaiilt    l.'rsciv  atlon  inloiiiis  iis  lliat  lit- lias  s.iirih,"  mcih, 

colliers,  liound  iioi-tliuani  li^lit,   passiii;.'  mitsiilf   this  InrakiT.     (Sre  icinaiNs  in  .l.^cnpi „, 

Point  ('iiciiN  illc.) 

The  t.>iiinianlt  h'ivt  r  oiicns  into  tin-  ilri-prst   jiail  ol'  tiii'  lii;;lil  lichinil  tiiis  ifct. 

Thi'ic  IS  an  linlian  A-t  iif,\  near  the  >  iMa;:i' of  tiic  nativrs.     'riicsc  Iniliaiis  ami  llic i^i,!,,, , 

lorali.n;;  tiiiir  had  a  \ii.\  liad  r<'|iiilatioii,  and  Wfir  iioloiioiis  lor  their  liostilil>  ami  \  imiic  livin, ., 
|o  tiie  tally  voyapTs.  Several  Spanish,  llii};lisli,  ami  l.'iissian  vessels  were,  in  the  e.nh  il.n 
taken  ami  tleslio.vetl.  Lewis  ami  Chirke  say  this  tijlie  hail  si\ly  houses  ami  iiiimtieii'il  ,,1,,.  |||,, 
sami  stiiiN.  It  was  in  this  lii^ht  that  l!oile;.'a  in  177.')  lost  seven  of  his  erew  of  siMe.i,  ,,1  i 
Sehooiier  .N'i>/«iC!.  When  seekiii;;  for  an  aiiehtiraire  ln'  foniitl  himself  passiii;;  ovei  a  iicf.u 
wanietl  the  triMate  not  t'l  follow.     The  leef  has  lieeii  iiained  after  his  vessel. 


The  name  of  the  nvei  is  iisnally  known  hv  the  olil  settlers  as  (^>ne  iioith,  liiit  the  1 


lllll.llh  In 


merly  pi-oiioiime.:  it  as  it  spelleil  (jMie  ni  iitl,  aeeentiny;  the  tirst  sxliaMe  stroii;;ly  ami  tlif  l,i«! 
softly  ami  loiij;  that  inaiiv  perstnis  eoiisiiltr  they  eall  Ihemsehes  the  (,>iieiiiii.»  The  MniJ.; 
eall  the  tiilie   <,>m  n  a'll.      .\    ^'reat    \ariety    of  spelling:   has  lieeii   ;;iveii  to  the  name,     1 »(    \|.i|i 


'hail   tails  it    the   If.    Kiiiiat.      M 


eaics  doiihtless  lieanl  of  this  tribe  from  the  Miikkau   IimIi.ii- 


Cape  I'l.itteiy  w  hen  lie  was  lion  ml  soiithwaitl  to  liml  the  t'oliimliia  ItixtT,  lor  he  applies  ilic  ii,ii; 

(^ueeiihvlhe  tti  the  Ih^ht  iiisul,.  hI  I  (estiiietitni  Island. 

The  spelliii),'  td'  the  name  in  Smithsonian  ('oiitiihiitioiis  In  Kiio\vleil;;e,  L"_'n.  is  Ku  iiiaiiii,,,><«  , 
The  Imlians  of  this  pail  ot'  the  etiast.  ami  theiiee  to  Slui.ilw  aler  l!ay,  «  hen  tiavelin^^  li\  cuin 

aloii^j  the   low,  sandy   heaelies  south  of  I'tiiiit   (Ireiiville,  push  out  intti  the  breakers  and  Kri|  ; 

between  the  lines  of   the  two  seas  that  have  bnikeii  oil  the  lieaeh,  pole  the  eaiioe  paialli  I  >»    i  ;' 

beach.     This  pccnli.ir  mode  is  rather  apt  to  excite  the  tears  of  those  i;,'iitu'ant  of  what  iln-.! 

till  eamie  men  can  tlo.     Tin    whale  btial  of  the  siiiveuii;;  bii;;  Fniinlltroy  was  taken  b_\  tlir  li  !  r 

from  Slmalwater  I'.ay  In  (!ia\'s  llailiiu'  in  this  inanner. 

VAVK    1-.I,1ZA1!KI'II. 


1    < 

■4,    t 

i    ' 

i  ,t 


IP, 


w 


flfl.i' 


The  coastline  is  bitikeii  belwfeii  I'oint  (ireiiville  ami  Quiiiiault  I'tiiiit  or  Cape  Kli/ahilii  1\ 
the  nioiilli  of  the  (,iuiiiiaiilt  IfiM'r  alreaily  tlescnlietl. 

The  shnre  line  from  the  month  of  the  (,>iiiiiiaalt  runs  west  fur  one  mile.  It  has  lii^li  InoKtu 
eliUs  with  forest  to  the  etl;;c,  anti  at  the   loot  are  locky  leti;;es  leatliii;;  bevtiml  low  water  lu.iik. 

There  is  little  beach  belwecii  tlie  (^*iiiiiiaiilt   ami  Cape  I'.li/abeth. 

Point  <ireiiville  and  Ca|>e  iHi/.abetli  are  piominciit  ami  very  important  l.iiiiiiiiaiK>  ini  ilir 
iia\  i;;attM'.  Appiiiaclieil  from  the  south  they  appear  as  tuie.  'i'lie  clitls  from  Point  (lHiiMllr,i> 
far  as  the  (^>iiiniault  are  dark  ami  ciunpo.seil  of  hartl  samlstoiie  and  confihunciatc. 

Cape  i:ii/.abeth  is.  Iitiwevei,  intire  priuiiineiit  than  Point  Cireiivllle;  the  clitls  are  hi-ln  i  iImh 
at  (ireiiMlle;   the  iipjier  pails  are  yellowish  clay  ami  the  lower  part  a  kiml  tif  samlsloi 


If    I  nl.^hllll 


•rate, 


This  cape   bears'  north    liftythree  tle;,'rees  west  (NW.  V'  W.),  ilistant   three, mil  tin | 


IMIIITS 


mile  bevoliil  llie  i^eneial  line  of  the  ei.,iM, 


\Ml|i,[ 


miles  from  Point  tireiiville.     It  pro|eels  banlv  out 

seen  from  any  tlireetiiui  ii  presents  a  bright  tnuil  ol  ioek\  elilVs  of  line  sandstone  crowiml 
heavs  forest  of  lii  ami  hciidtiik.  I>aik  lines  in  the  stial  iliealiiui  imlicate  the  <li|>  to  br  nIiuIiIK 
to  the  eastward.  The  hi;;liest  pall  of  the  clills  is  reacheil  ii\  three  short  rocky  terraces  oi  Ii.imIik 
to  the  ctl-e  of  the  trees,  where  the  heif,dil  abo\e  the  sea  is  two  hnmlietl  feet,  ami  lliiiii  iiilim; 
tlicre  is  the  iisiial  tlciise  forest  of  Oregon  pine,  heiiiltick,  and  an  almost  impeiieliable  nmlci  .ie«tli. 
When   the  C.ijie  is  apjuoachctl   from  the  direction  t.f  (ira.v's   llaibtu',  at  a  ilistanee  of  sr\eiilnii 


miles  ami  iieaiin 


iioilhwfst  by  iitirth  twothiitlsiioitli  (NW.  by  N.  i  N.),  it  shows  as  the 


ptiiiit  of  laml  with  a  stce|i  face  ami  an  irrcKiilar  cresl-line  t.f  wooileil  etuinliy  cxtcmlin^'  m  ''Imum 


wart 


1.     Point  (ireiiville  is  projectetl  iiiion  it  half  a  point  !<•  the  eastwartl  ami  below  tli i 


llllir,  liilt 


secim  pait  of  the  Cape.     Coiiiiii},'  lU'arcr,  the  rocks  at   Ptiint  (ireiiville  are  imnle  out  faintly. 


'Thr  ,\,,rtlj"i»tl  ('.liiHt.    'Ilircf  vcarH' rfsiilciiif  in   \ViiHliiiif;t"ii 'I'firitory,  ls.".7 


ti  i     'i! 


Ill      till'     ll|l|l,||,s|„, 

Iv  aiiil  II,,'  |.i«i  , 
!'•  Til.'  .MulsL,.',, 
iiMiiit'.  |>i'  MmIV,,; 
iliikkiiw   lll.|lal,^;lt 

<•  il|l|ll|('S  Mil'  iMiii,. 

i>^    Iv^ilMillic.SM.Ili. 
Ini\l'||li;,'ll\  ,.;|| 

iilicrs  mill  K,'i'|,:i;_. 
•<•  |iMralIi-l  \Mtli  til,' 
•f  wlial  llii'M'  s|,ii! 
kfii  li\  Ihi'  li  Oil- 


("iilif  i';ii,'.ilM'ilili\ 


l.lll<llll:llK>  I'll  ill,' 
I'liillt  (Iii'Iim1Ii',i> 
alf. 

lis  air  ill-lii'l  lli.ili 
iailllsliilii'  nil.^liilii 

anil  I  lilt','  ,jiMiii'i$ 
I'  <>r  !ln'  ripa>l,  .iiiii 

III'  l-l'llW  lull  \Mlii  ,1 
'  ill|>  III  III'  s|i;;lili\ 
I'l'lat'i'.s  III    lirllijii- 

aiitl  lliriirt'  ml. III,!    IS 
alilc  iiiiilii  •,iii"lli 

alicc  dl'  ■•l'^  I'llinl 

s  as  I  III'  iHiirriiiii>i    % 
It'llilili;;  li,'i 'lii'il>l 
i\v  tlir  oiilliii,',  Imt    Jl 
lU'  out  I'aiiith.  Imt 


I'Aciiic  COAST  ni.or.  403 

I  ijM' I'JiziilM'tli  is  tin-  liinliiT  mill  iimrc  marUi'il,  alt! ^^li  a  vny  <lis(imt  niitl  Jiiuli  line  (if  coiiHt 

,iii'ii'licN  (iiilsiilf  (if  It.  \\  licii  till'  <'a|ic  hears  nnrlliwesl  liy  iinilli  one  III  in  I  noitli  (NW.  Ii_v  N.  ,\ 
N  I,  ilislaiil  leii  miles  on  the  einii'Nc  iKiin  Jlrav'.s  llarlior  lniii,\,  (lie  \Vill(ni;;lili_v  l.'uek  insiile  of 
,^|ilit  Koek,  ilisliint  lliii'teeii  anil  three  qiiaiteis  miles,  is  seen  outside  of  the  I'artliest  taint  point. 
Till"  j;eneial  iresi  line  lieliilnl  llie  eape  is  ijiiite  lla',  Init  InoKeii  li,\  slight  IiilliieKs,  woodeil, 
ami  naelies  well  to  the  east  waul  «  ilh  Mount  <)I.\m|ins  lieariii>;  northeast  h.v  north  a  nil  (ivertopiiinf; 


'M'lv  111111;,'. 


When   a    vessel    is   ne, 


three  miles  liioail  oil  Point  riieiiville,  the  liiither  loeks 


siieli'h  oiitsiile  of  llie  low  aiul  veiy  ili>taiit  poinl  Car  lieymiil  ("ape  Mli/ ilieth.  Theliiij;ht  rocky 
line  of  el  ills  miller  the  Cape,  anil  learhiii;,'  iiito  the  iikiiiIIi  of  the  «,>iiiiiiaiilt  l!iver,  are,  arian;;e(l  In 
I'liiiparaliM'l.v  low  steps,  slopin;;  liaekwaril  anil  sontheastwanl,  anil  the  trees  on  the  outer  eil^jii  of 
llie  Cape  eli  IV  stand  altnveiill  the  others,  'i'liefstriitilleatioii  of  the  laee  of  the  Cape  is  well  niarkeil. 
I  lie  houses  of  the  (.tiiiniaiilt  I'eservation  are  visible  at  the  eastern  end  of  this  line  of  elitVs.  Tho 
eape  is  a  narrow  jiittin;;  point  of  elills.  ot)  which  lie  three  low  Mack  rocky  and  sniikeii  <1aiiy;ers  iit 
I  heir  outer  ed;ie;  these  lie  a  little  over  one  i|iimler  of  a  mile  south  of  the  poiiii.  One  rock  iiwasli 
,il  low  wall  r  and  two  sunken  dmi;,'ers  lie  ii  <|uarterof  a  mile  inside  of  the  former  ones.  Tliero  iir« 
nil  hli;;e  or  lii^'li  locks  otV  the  point. 

Oil  land  the  puiiil  can  lie  passed  at  ver,\  low  tide  in  smooth  weather  only,  and  with  nnieli 
lahiir  in  elamlterin;;  o\er  rocks.  .\l  the  evtrcine  point  the  passage  is  inaile  liy  ^'oin;.'  throiijuh  two 
Inn;;  low  arches  in  the  Jutting'  elills.  At  extrcine  low  tide  there  is  a  ver,\  little  depth  of  water  in 
till'  northern  arch. 

North  of  Cape  ICIi/abeth  the  clitVs  have  a  yellowish  appearance  and  are  mainly  coiii|ioscil  of 
(:la.\  over  a  rocky  liiise. 

There  arc  a  few  cocks  elose  iinilii  the  northwest  side  ot  the  clid's  at  the  point  and  one  of  them 
Is  p.\  rainidal  or  conical,  hut  thence  to  the  northward  for  three  miles  the  shore  is  nearly  sti'ai;;'ht 


mil  free  of  outlying,'  d.'in;,'crs. 

When  the  Cape  is  fully  alteam  there  appear  to  the  northwiiril  two  steep,  wooded  clilVs  with 


lower  necks  Itehind   them,  and    Arch    Islet  ol  the  si 


line  appeal 


ance,  distant    live  to  seven  miles 


from  the  Cape,  and  iieail\  alueast  Sea  Mini  Itock.  At  the  same  time  looking;  to  the  cast-south- 
eastward I'liillt  Crciiville  is  seen  as  a  vertical  faced  clllV  with  the  I'ock  close  under  the  I'oint  n 
llllle  more  than  one  diameter  otV.  and  iiem'l\  of  ei|iial  liei;;litwilh  the  dilfs,  and  the  .\reli  lioek 
half  II  do/.oii  diameters  outside  the  former.  These  rocks  are  projected  on  a  lonj;,  low,  and  nearly 
level  line  of  distant  land  extciidiii','  two  thiids  of  a  point  outside  Point  (irenville.  as  if  it  were  in 
the  \ieinity  of  the  Copalis  llixci. 

Outside  the  ('ajie  the  depth  of  water  is  ten  fathoms  over  rocky  bottom  at  one  and  onothinl 
miles,  hut  only  a  few  soiiiidiii;;s  arc  jx'wa'U  on  the  reconnaissaiiee  sheet  (IS."),",). 

The  ;j;ei>Kraphical  position  of  the  extremity  ol  the  Cape,  as  determined  by  the  Coast  and 
(leodetic  Survey,  is: 

Liititmln 4*     'il'  11'     iinrtli. 


I.,oiiKitiiilc l-.M     2(1'  01 


W,'st, 


f>r,  III  tiiii,' 


IT""J(l-.l. 


In  January,  l,S,S,"i,  the  ma;;netie.  variation  was  '2'2'^"J',i'  easterly,  with  an  annual  inciea.se  of  I'.O. 
From  this  Cape  the  bearing's  and  distances  to  prominent  objects  are  as  follows: 


Carroll  Islci,  olV  C'lpr  .Iiiliii-.iiii 

DcNtriK'tiiiii  Isjiiiiil,  |ir<i|>iiMiMl  l.i^^lil  Ihnis 

Sen  l.iiiii  Kdi'k 

OlltHUll'  IlllDV,  llir  (il'llVH  I  lull  nil' 


N.   1.-, 


(• 


lip 


SIm.hIv 


IT    l.i"lll-ll,,ll! 


The  N,>i'lli  llcail  iif  Cii|i<'  l)lsa|i|iiiilitliM'iit 


i:i    \V. 


;il     K 


I'-'  llllll'H, 

'Jli  mill's, 

lit  III  ill's. 

°J.'||  llliluH. 

Ill  iiiilrs. 

lit  niili'.s. 


This  Cape  was  lirst  located  by  the  second  expedition  of  Ileceta  in  177r>,  when  coastinj;  in  this 
vicinity  foi'  wood  and  water.  The  schooner  iSoiiin'ti  or  Frliiiihid,  niider  command  of  Don  .liian 
Francisco  de  la  lUMle^ia  y  (^)niidra,  w  hen  ninnin>i  in  under  shelter  of  this  small  cape  where  there 
appeared  to  be  a  harbor,  suddenly  shoaled  the  water  from  ei;;ht  fathoms  to  three  frJioms  and 
si;;naled  the  danger  to  the  frigate  <SV(H//«(7f',  under  Ileceta,  who  ran  under  Point.  (Jrenville and 
anchored  there. 

The  .schooner  anehored  in  the  midst  of  a  reef  of  sunken  rocks,  and  the  Indians  tried  to  got 
her  anchor  and  tow  her  in  towards  tlie\illagi'  to  iiliinder  her.  Next  day,  on  July  11,  IJodegii 
sent  in  a  boat  with  seven  men ;  the  men  were  mnrdered,  and  the  Indians  came  out  to  capture  the 
schooner,  but  were  repulsed  with  the  loss  of  si.x  men.     Ileceta  left  the  men  iinrevenged. 


m 


!1 


if! 


404 


I'AciKU'  CKAsi'  ni.or. 


I'.iMlt'pa  sii.vs  "tlnit  load  was  luinid  t..  Ix'  in  17^  L'l';"  ii'  iiiiiiiIm:'  accoiiiil  lit-  sa\-.  i|i;ii  .  , 
17:^  '_'<;'  lit-  (lisciivcivd  a  small  lia\,"  etc.  Tlie  lof,'  of  the  Irijjati'  ;;ivf.s  llio  latitiitlt'  17  jn  ,  ;\| n, 
idle,  the  pilot  iimltT  Hodcua.  places  tlic  small   pnniKiiitiu  v  (cape)  in  17  '  li.'i'. 

Ill  St'i>ti'iiil>cr(ir  till'  samc.vi'ar  r.uilc^n  rctiinuMl  witliin  liall"  a  U-.f^nv  of  tin-  pl.i,,  i.m  ,,„||!| 
^.'••t  no  inroiination  of  iiis  boat's  crew,  ami  tlic  Cape  was  iiained  I.a   Tnula  de  Ics  Maiiii.  ,. 

In  Oeloher,  1 7',iL',  Vaneouv'T  ancliored  four  miles  olV  the  coast  lietweeii  Point  <  in  :  ,  ill,.  ;||.,| 
this  eape,  win  re  lie  liad  louitd  eifiliteeii  I'allioms  of  water  o>,  his  npward  tiiji,  with  a  i'iii,iit|„ 
the  northward.  He  does  not  mention  this  cape,  nor  doe-.  In-  la\  it  down  on  his  chart  as  ii..|||.,m,i,i,, 
Imt  lie  has  a  view  of  till"  coast  when  he  was  four  miles  liroadotfihe  elitVs  to  ilie  iiuiilm.ini  „! 
<"ape  l^li/,iln-tli  in  whieh  he  shows  the  rocks  three  or  four  miles  norlliuesi  ward  of  thr  (  i]i,,.ii|,| 
tho  inch  in  the  roek  olV  I'oinI  (irenville. 

TelienUoll'  has  an  anehora;:e  laid  down  lietween  <'ape  i;ii/alieiii  ami  I'oinl  <  i  iiiiviilc,  Inn 
has  no  deptli  and  no  name.     'I'lie  anehoraue  mav  lia\  e   lieen  nscd    ..\  the  l.'issian  otier  inuiiiiv 

We  lia\e  lierctofor»>  know  11  the  In'ad  as  I'oint  (j>ninianll  fioin  the  Jnd'ans  and  the  ri\i'i  nl  \\u 
same  name;   it  has  re<'entl.v  lieen  named  Ciiie  l''Ji/al)elh. 


'Mi    !' 


;■*' 


\i 


TiiK  coAs:   n:uM  (  aim-,  f.i.izAiir.rii  t<>  ni.sirncrioN  isi.ank. 

In  t«enl_\  t'onr  miles  from  Capt^  I'.ii/.alieth  to  the  month  of  ihe  lloli  Kixci.  north  llnilv  |n,i{ 
ilcfjiees  west  ,N..ll  W'.l.  the  oast  is  mMils  strai:'.ht.  recedin;;  less  than  a  mil<'  at  IIm  miiltll,. 
distance.  The  shores  are  low,  wii  h  roek.v  elilfs  wooded  to  their  edi;i's  and  1 11  ok  en  li.v  sin.ill  siri:iii!h, 
It  is  iiiside  of  the  usual  coarse  of  ves.sels  passinj;  alon^  the  coast,  lail  within  the  tirsi  si  \i;i  iiiili> 

northwest   Irom  ("ape  I'.li/alielli  there  are  clnsteis  of  ontlvin;;-   rocks  in  the  i>rolon;;ali( r  ili,. 

clitVs  of  I'oint  <  ii'en\  ille  and  Cape  Mlizahcth.  These  rocks  ha\e  nearly  the  same  hii.:iii  .(>  ili,. 
adjacent,  elilfs  and  in  certain  liiicctiinis  and  nndci  certain  condil  Ions  tiie,v  may  not  he  di>iMiL:iii.>lii'<| 
ill  the  otliiiir- 

I'or  licarls  t  wo  laili's  IVoin  Cape  I'.li/.alpeth,  Ihe  slioie  is  ,1  cliM  one  hnndicd  tcci  lii,'li  .nnl 
nearlv  strai^^lil  ;  at  llie  end  of  ihc  dill  a  small  stream  bleaks  lliron^h  a  broad  saiiil\  ■-Iihi,-;  .iml 
at  t  wo  and  one  thiiil  miles  a  second  stream  breaks  ihroiij,'!'  in  t  he  same  w  ay.  'iiieiei-~.ilirii.ii. 
low-water  beach  lioin  the  ra|ie  to  this  stream.  There  is  a  hij^h  wooded  bliilV  liet\ui  n  .In- !«.■ 
streams, 

I'rntr.s  Clill'. — At  three  niiles  from  tlie  Cajie  there  is  a  sharp  point  with  elilfs  ovei  .iiiiliiii, 
dred  feet  hi;.;h.     The  low-water  Ikmc'    ends  and  the  shore  is  roi|i;h  and  rocky. 

This  point  is  noilh  thirty  four  dejiiees  west  (N..''l  W'.l  Irom  the  Cape  and  ihe  cliii--  ..■iiiinni 
hence  for  tlirei'  miles  neaily  to  ICaft  lliver. 

(HV  Pralfs  CIIIV  and  betwi-cn  it  and  Cape  ICIizabeih  are  .several  dangers,  aslbllow- 

Flat  ^'(1./,.— (bie  ami  ti  ve  fi;.:hths  miles  north  lltt>eit;ht  di'j^rccs  west  (N.  aS  W  .  Imhi  1  ,.pi 
l:li/abetli  is  a  tow  black  rock,  nearly  one  mile  oil'  the  shme  and  hall-\va.\  towards  ."^plit  \l,»L 
There  is  a  /'iv;/.  which  show  s  occasion, illy  even  in  moderale  ui'atlier  about  four  hiiiiil;' i|  yms 
soinhcil\  from  il .  When  seen  t  he  \  essd's  conrsc  was  t  lirec  ipiartcrs  of  a  mile  to  ihc  .1  slw.ii'l 
of  the  I  l.il   Rock. 

Il.ill  w,i\.  between  flat  Kock  and  Cape  h'Ji/abel  h  lliere  is  a  small  low  rockdircclb  'icinnii 
them,  .iiid  a  smaller  lock  inside  and   halt  w  ay  to  the  shore. 

S/ilif  /I'oiA.  — 'I'his  rock  Ins  three  and  one  half  mile-  north  tii|\  Iwo  ile;;iees  wesi  1  N 'A .  '  W 
troni  C.ipe  I'.li/abeth  and  one  mile  bitMil  oil  the  slmie  i.t  the  norlli  p. ill  of  I'ratt's  Cllll.  Il  In  II"' 
outer  one  of  the  Split  Itock  t:ronp,  w  Inh  co\  1  is  an  aiea  of  one  mile  loii>.v  socth  by  west  am!  linilii 
bv  east,  b\  lialf  a  mile  broad.  It  is  on  the  line  of  pioloiif^ation  of  the  clill  shore  Irom  I'.  i;:lbni 
\il!e  toCipe  i:ii/,ilicth.  It  is  one  hiiiilivil  and  ei;;Iity  vards  lonv' iioithwest  and  -.,iitln-.N  In 
about  sixty  yards  bioad.  and  rises  ci;;lil.\  Iin  e  feel  above  the  .sea;  it  is  \  isible  at  a  il  i.uirinl 
twelve  miles.  Il  is  split  in  two,  and  the  division  shows  when  ,  ecu  from  Ihe  west  ti.  ii«i-l 
Close  on  Ihe  oiitsid.' of  this  rock  there  is  a  low  roek.  and  one  linmlKd  and  lil'l\  y.u.  -  nil  tin' 
inside  there  is  another.  The  Wiii  .a-liby  Uock  lies  six  haiidred  v.inls  iiorllnast  b>  ii"i'ii  Iniin 
the  Split  IJiM'k.     There  aiv  two  danneioiis   rocks   ■•;   the   appioach  to  Split  IJock  troiiMn.  mhhIi 

ward.     The  lirsl  is  a  small,  low,  black  rock,  licjiist  a  little re  than  half  a  mile  iliie  .snitli  In'ii^ 

It;  ,ind  the  .see  d  one.  somewhat  lar;.'er.  lies  m-arl.N  half  a  mile  soiiila'ast  by  .south  foiii  Sj'li' 
U.M'k.  When  a  \e-is,.l  is  to  the  iiorthw.ird  of  Sea  l.ion  Uock  aid  Cape  Isli/.abeth  bciis  -.natlMiM 
one  h.alf  east.  Split  l»'ock  shows  Jiist  outside  the  <'apc,  and  Ihe  las -er  W  illoiiijhliv  l.'ei  '  1  liiH'' 
inside  the  Cape;  at  tlie  same  iiiue  Sea  Lion  Uock  shows  oiibside  of  Split  Kock,     .\boii!     lie  ami 


I  Wilier 


I'ACIl'IC    COAST    ril,(»T. 


4!».'' 


"'1«'  IT     •.'11 .    >|| 

'•'III'     <'ll'!    ■.lll,-;|„| 

"illi  :i   1'1111,'ni  i„ 
i'li;irt  IIS  ii..||,.,.:,|,],,^ 

iIk'   ii"iili\\,inl„; 
nl.ir  ih..(  I,,,.,  ,|,„| 

"III   '•ivinill,..  liiit 

•III     (ill.T   llil||I|.|x 
lltl    111!'    IIM'I   „1    .|„ 


Nil. 

'I.    Mill  III    lliiilv   l„||f 

•ml"  ■'!   11,,.  1,11,, 

'II  l'.\  SMI. ill  Ml,.,,,,, 
lie  lirsl  M\c;,  |i|||,.> 
iroloil;;.!!;,,!,  ,,|  111,. 

■Millie    |||.|,|,1    .1,  III,. 

ml  In-  ili-iiii-iii.,|„.,| 

Ulri'll     (rrl    lil^l,  ,||,,1 
ll   Silllll,\     s|„,|,.;   ,111,1 

.     'I'lirrc  ,-.  ,1  lii„,iii. 

ll)     ill-l  M'l  II   , Ill-Ill,. 

rlills  ,11  I'l  I, III-  1,11,, 

1    llli'  clili-  (•(i|itllii:i 

IS  roiiow  ^ 

;-).s  W.  ii,.,ii  ( ,,|i,. 
>\v;ii(In  S|,|i!  i;,,, i, 
iHir  liMiiiliiil  i.in'i 
If  111  III!'  •■., si».ir,| 

■k  dirrcl  I'    •ii-|«,rll 

■s  wcsi  .  N  ',\  \V 
ll'.s  rill!.      !■  ■.  Ill, 

\>\   Ml-'  ,i.ii;ii 

I-  I  nun  I '       :  I  ;, : 

;ii:il   .s,(i,'      ,  /  r 
'ill-  III  I,  - 
wcsl  (,,  ;, :,::li,uM. 

Iitl\  .\.ii-'-  (,|J  til,' 
i-ii-.t  111  liiiiii 

ick  lliiiii  ■  ,  Miiilli- 
lilf  dill'  -•■'itli  liiMii 
y  .sdiilli  :  uiii  S|ili' 
'll   l)(';iis    iiii||m'11>I 

It'll  1 1\  I;,-  \  II  littii' 

A  liiiir     iir  1111,1 


III,,   liiiir  iiillt'S  .south  soiltlnvt'.st  tVaiii  tlii.s  rock  tlic  dfplli  ol'  witter  is  iiIik^  liillioiii.s  over  .siiinlv  liol- 
I,,;,.     \\»>  .skt'lclu'il  mill  inline  1  (his  rock  in  1,S(;7. 

//,(■  W'llUitKjhlnj  /.'.<(  A.— This  is  the  liij;hc,st  iiiiil  insiih^  lock  ol'  tiic  .Spjii  Kock  ^jroiip.  It  is  three. 
,|ii  iilds  of  a  iiiih-  Itroiid  od'shoro  at  I'lall's  (MilV,  ainl  iieailv  hull'  a  mile  northeast  li.v  iioilh  (Voiii 
S|ilil  ilock.  l-'rom  ('ii|««  Kliziihelh  il  licais  iiortjieasl,  (li.,,,in(  tiirce  iiiid  twolliinis  miles.  It  is 
iii-:iil,\  loiiiiil  and  two  hiiiiilreii  vrnds  in  diiimeter.  and  rises  ont^  liumlred  and  t weiity  three  I'eet 
iili,.ic  Ihc  sea.  Tiie  ilisliorc  siojie  of  this  rock  is  hilif,' ;  tlie  outer  slope  is  very  ulu'llpt.  It  is  dark 
ill  i-iilor,  and  is  \isilue  at  ii  distance  of  lifteen  miles. 

I'lclwecn  this  rock  and  Split  l.'ock,  and  to  the  soiilluvard  of  Iheiii,  there  is  a  cluster  of  smidler 
iiii-l  l,i\vcr  rocks,  already  nieiitioneil  in  the  description  of  Split  Hock.  <  )iie  of  the  rocks  lietwceii 
llie  l.iii;er  ones  is  ciuiical,  with  liicakeis  all  aioiiiid  il,  and  a  r<>,k  mvush,  esliiiiated  lo  he  two  liiiii- 
(In  ll  .Minis  southwest  liy  west  from  It  ;  aiiolhcr,  hirtiier  out,  is  Hal,  with  a  small  pillar  apparently 
.slaiiiliiij,'  oiii  of  il  When  a  >-,..ssel  is  coniiiiM;  troni  the  northwesl.  and  Cape  Kli/iilieth  hears  south- 
eiist  ciiic  half  eiisl  (.'^i:.  ]_  K.),  this  rock  shows  hliiek  aj,'iiii>st  the  hi;,dier  and  Ii;;lite''  '.iiid  Itchjnd  tlin 
(';i|M',  mid  Split  Ivock  shows  Just  oiilsitUs  the  Cape,  ('oiiiin;^  iroiii  the  soinLwurd  aloiii;'  the  <'oast 
ill,-  \\  illoii-hliy  luxd-;  is  the  liisl  rock  iiiised,  and  shows  outside  aie!  ncH  clear  of  the  disiiii  I  land 
li,-\iiml  Capi"  I''li/al>clh.  Tlit^  Willoii^hliv  K'ockwiis  named  in  '.S,S7.  'I'Lere,  are  iu»  dangers  visi- 
hie  iiiimediately  to  tho  northwest  of  (his  j;ioiip. 

Sea  I. ion  /I'oc/i-.— This  rock  represciiis  the  third  i,'i'oiip  northwest,  from  Cape  l-'lizaheth.  It  lies 
SK  and  (wo  (hirds  miles  noilh  (illy  li\t'  dcjjices  west  ,  NW.  Iiy  W  .)  from  that  Cape,  and  I  ivo  and  a 
li.ilf  miles  Iti'oad  oil'  Arch  -Islniid,  which  is  the  nearest  shore  clill'.  It  hears  south  thirty  se\cn 
ili'urceseast  (SI-:.  ■-;  S.),  distant  thirfecii  and  twothinls  miles,  lioiii  Destiiiction  Island.  Itisii  low, 
hlaik  rock,  ..lioiit  tweiily  yards  iii  <'\lent,  and  twelve  or  (ifleeii  feet  ahove  water,  with  a  patch  of 
ki'lp  stretidiiii^r  Iwi)  hundred  .\  arils  lo  Ihe  sonllieasl  wanl  fimii  it.  There,  appears  to  he  plenty  of 
waler  iiriiiind  it.  in  I  he  (iist  reconnaissance  ( l-S.'i'J)  (he  steanicr  iiassed  half  a.  mile  inside  of  it  and 
I, mini  eleven  Cillioni.'.  .if  water  over  sandy  hoKoin.  In  1. Si ;<>  we  passed  clos(>  (o  the  lock  on  the 
oiiisiiic,  an, I  from  the  nnmlicr  of  sea  lions  iipiui  it  (he  present  naini'.  was  applied.  In  !.'<.*>."»  (he 
sleniiier  |iassed  outside,  hiil  wiihin  two  liiindn-d  ■  anls  of  il,  and  saw  no  sl^^us  of  hidden  diin;;('i's; 
(lie  weadier  was  clear  and  ealiii,  with  very  li-lit  swell  from  the  west  inu'thwest. 

The  rock  is  pliiiiil.\  visihle  at  ei^ht  miles,  and  shows  oiilsideof  Split  h'ock  when  <'ape  l''li/,ii- 
lii-lli  hears  s()i:iheast  one  half  ciisl. 

I.'n/f  I't'irlc  or  Airli  [nhiinl. — I'or  (hreeaud  a  half  miles  luulh,  (liii'(y  de;;rees  wes(  (X. .".()'  \V.) 
iVoin  ihe  south  point  of  rratt's  ClilV,  (he  shore  is  a  nearly  s(ral;;lit  line  of  hroken  clill's  over  oiio 
liiiiiilicd  (ee(  lii;;Ji,  and  co\crcd  with  the  usual  ;;iow(li  of  Orejjoii  pine  and  lieiiiloek.  There  ar(ii 
siiiiu' daiiy;ers  lyin:,'  iicarls  li.ilf  a  mile  oil  (he  shore,  which  has  a  discontiiiuous  and  narrow  low- 
"liter  beach.  Alon;;-  (his  shore  there  are  three  small  lic.nls  which  look  like  three  lii;;h,  roidiy,  and 
Moiiilcd  islets  lyin^'  close  iiiidir  I  he  shore.  They  are  ahoiij  one  hundred  and  twenty  live  feet 
ahove  (he  sea,  and  the  trees  make  I  hem  look  much  hiirhcr.  The  (wm  soul  hem  ones  a  n^  just  half  a 
mil. 1  1. part,  and  are  projeelin;;  clill's  stri'tchiii!,'  out  two  hundred  and  (ifty  yards  I'roiu  the  shore, 
■.vliicli  is  a  line  ol'  lower,  moderalely  lii'i;^ht  clilVs.  They  have  nirrow  and  low  necks  inside.  .The 
iiortiicrii  Olio  is  ii  mile  (o  Ihe  norlhward,  and  is  (he  lar^jest  and  sli^hlly  the,  liij;liest.  This  one  is 
an  islet  at  liifih  water,  and  stands  oiii  from  Ihe  iiioiith  «if  the  IJaft  Itiver  iUid  the  low  lands  on 
iitlier  side,  so  that  it  looks  as  if  it  were  in  Ihe  mouth  of  a  siinill  hay.  It  is  threes  hundred  yards 
iiiiijr  as  seen  from  seaward,  and  has  some  liiuli,  s-iiall  rocks  under  the  soulhwcst  f.ice,  and  on  the 
iiiiitli  northwest,  at  the  distance  of  one  hiiiiilied  and  (ii't,\  yards,  is  a  verdcal  eoliiinnar  rock  one 
liiiinlied  and  fourlcen  feci  lii-h.  ll  look.-  like  a  spindle  when  seen  Iroiii  Ihe  west-northwest,  hut 
when  seen  from  the  south  southeast  it.  appears  hroadsidt!  on,  and  part  of  it  iirojeets  just  outside 
(lie  liiilte. 

l'"ioni  this  notahle  islet  ()!•  linlte  Hi."  Sea  Lion  Uock  lies  .soiilli  lil'ty  de-;rees  west  (S.  , "ill  '  \V.) 
Ill  inly  I  v\o  and  two  thirds  miles,  and  I  her"  is  no  know  ii  dan;;er  hel  ween  (hem.  The  rceonuais 
since  (hurl  of  IS'iL'  has  elcxcii  fiilhoins  half  a  mile  inside  of  (he  Sea  I. ion  Koek.  The  ^cof^riiph- 
ical  posidon  of  (ll(^  Islet  is : 


l.aliliiilii 
l.,i,iv:llii,li- 


17     'JT    :',ii     iiiMlli. 

1-ji    ■,'!   ;iii    wi-.t 


i.'-'i 


It' 


i!|  i  h 


This  Islet  has  loiifr  heeii  known  as  l.'afi  Itock.  In  (h<^  reconnaissance  of  l-SSV  il  has  heeii 
culled  Arch  Island,  hecan.se  there  is  an  arch  tlil'(Mi;ih  one  of  (he  Iwo  sinidl  projections  on  the  .south 
uiul. 


i  I  r  ^ 


u'  "1 


Hf::!:r 


^%. 


I'  ii^ 


i-i 


■i-.m; 


I'ACIllC    foAST    I'll.or 


/iVi/y  h'inr  is  ;i  sticiini  nili'tl  next  to  tli,' (,)iiiiij;inlt  in  si/.c.      I'.flwcfii  tlio  points  ..lil,,  ,  ,||,.,|,,„ 

iH'liind  till'  r.irk  it    is  fi;,'lity  .vunls   wi.lo,  Imt   Hit'  htw  wjilci- cliiiiiiii'l  \v;i  v  towanls  tl,.' iin,.. 

uiitlcr  tlii>  iHiiili  siilc  oftlu'  Ifiit't  IJock  is  not  ovvi- tl.irt.vlivf  or  forty  yanls  wide.     Insula,  ili,.  riv.r 
(•X|iaiiils  into  several  arms,  wlijcli  eonn>  tiiron;;!!  a  low,  wooded  eonnlrv.     Tliis  stream  tv..n  I,,,,!,, 
Loll' vvliilse  (if  fli(^  Midvkuws,     It  is  iiaviyalde  for  eaiioes  and  small  itoats  for  (|uite  a  oishinn 
liif;h  water.     It  can  lie  forded  at.  low  wafer. 

Ail  Hie  coast  aliovetlie  elKl's  near  Iv'aft  liiver   is  wooded,  andtiie  lulls  lieliind  rise  t,.  i i,,,.,,,, 

liei}.'lit,  widi  a  rolling  siirfact^  densely  covered  with  trees  and  underjrrowtli.     Over  all  risr.s  li,,.  „i;,| 
rocky  smiiiiiits  of  flie  Olynipiis  Mountains, 

From  {{aft  Itock  to  alireast  Deslrnetion  Isl:iiid  the  shoreline  is  straif^lit  ami  ri>iii|.:ir:i;,M.jf 
low.  except  near  the  (i)neets  fjiver,  with  a  low-water  lieacli  and  onl_\  Iwodantrers  as  nm,  h  ..s  |,;|!( 
a  mile  from  shore. 

Tilt'  (harts  l,'ir<r. —  I'rom  IJaft  Uoek  lo  the  month  of  the  fjneets  Uiver  the  tlisi;!,,,,.  ,<  i,,.,^ 
and  on«' third  miles,  and  tlie  j;enera!  direction  of  the  shore  northwest  by  north.  'I'lie  rhiK  .i,,. , 
litlle  o\i'r  one  hnndreil  feet  in  lieiy;ht,  ami  there  is  a  low,  narrow,  sliin;,'le  heacli  iiiidei  iji,' cli!., 
.\t  one  and  thrceiinarlers  miles  northward  of  Haft  Itock  tliert»  is  a  small  stream  l)rcal.iii},',|inv'i 
the  re;,'iilar  line  of  cliiVs.  Thenioiiili  of  t  he  <,»nccls  was  (in  ISST)  ten  and  t  wo-lliiri!s  niiliMinii!, 
iliirty  de;,'rces  west  (\.  .''(>'  W .)  from  <'ape  I'.li/.alteth  and  niiiei  and  tliree-(|narli'is  imiIin  ^(iii;ii 
tifty  si\  de;,'recs  east  (S.  .^)t!"'  I''..)  fioiii  the  south  iioint,  of  Destriietioii  Island;  and  at  lli.il  iimiMi 
was  laririr  than  any  other  river  Itetweeii  (!ia\'s  llarlior  and  Cape  I'latteiy.  The  soiilli  imiiiinf 
the  liver  is  the  m  nth  termination  of  the  el  ills  thence  iVoin  h'aft  I  Jock.  At  jircsent  a  samiy  s|ii;  lu,, 
hundred  and  forty  yai'ds  Ion;;,  and  of  irre;,'nlar  width  np  to  one  hundred  yards,  evicn, Is  i,i;l:, 
northwest  ward  iiaiallel  with  the  outer  shore  line,  to  the  month  of  the  stream  which  is  lliiic  v\z\i;\ 
y.irds  vv  ide  at  hi'^h  water,  and  ahoiil  half  that  at  low  water.  Thence  to  the  norlhward  tup  oiii'  ninl 
one  third  miles  is  a  low,  narrow,  Haml.v  «pit  with  the  slack  water  of  the  river  hcliind  il,  I  iiinin:,! 
Ion;:,  narrow  la;:ooii.  The  southern  part  of  this  Kjiit  is  three  hundred  yards  across  ami  Ii;i-<m  if 
and  (lcci<lnoiis  trees  on  the  in  hit  sides.  It  is  ev  ideiit  that  the  stream  has  at  some  time  hiuki  n  .  ■ 
under  the  clilVs  at  the  inntherii  end  of  the  Ia;;ooii,  Iiisiile  the  month  the  stream  widens  in  iu> 
hiindied  ami  lit'ty  yards  and  I'oines  from  the  southeastward  for  three  ci^iliths  of  a  inili.  Iin;  ij 
made  a  sharp  Iniii  from  the  northwanl.  The  eastern  side  of  the  riverahreast  tin'  monili  li,i>  I  .a. 
deciduous  trees,  anil   no  tirs. 

The  lower  Jiart  <'ollld  Ite  nav  i;,'ated  liy  small  live:'  sieaniers.  It  carries  a  lar;:e  .'liiin 
water  ami  has  a  strong;  em  rent,  .\t  the  moiiih  it  is  n'pidly  cntlin;;  into  the  cemcni  iliil  ".i 
south  point  of  the  entiain'c.     The  breakers  olf  the  month  are  very  heavy. 

Southward  of  the  (,)iicets  lliver  the  beach  is  smooth  and  fornied  liy  ^^rave'  and  sand  '■■ ' 
noi  Iliw  ard  the  sliori- is  V  cry  bold  and  prci'ipilons  and  itnnposed  of  veiv  lose  slntiiti-  -ii  i  _ 
worn  smooth  and  roiimled. 

The  cliffs,  w  lierev  e-  exposed,  are  v  ellow  isli  clay  with  an  occasional  exception,  u  In  •■  ii  ■ 
is  coidlomerate  and  of  dark  color. 

■((lie   house   is    visible   at    the   lieiid   of  the    river,   but    the  Indian  v  illay;e  i-.  half  a  Mulriii.: 
rivci'  on  the  ri;;lit  bank.     The  bliilV  at  the  south  point  of  the  i  ivcr  is  in 

1,^11  nil. I, •  IT    ;!!'  :i;!'  ii..rt 

I -iln.l.'  1^1     --l-^    i«r  «,■.! 

The  Cliehalis  Indians  called  this  liver  the  Kweets'hn. 

from  till-  (,»iieei'4  l.'iv  er  lo  a  In  east  I  )esl  ii  id  ion  Inland  the  coast  coniinnes  in  a  ;;cii.i.il  il.;! 
tion  inntliwest  b.v  norlh  (NW.  by  N'.'  for  eleven  and  one  half  miles  to  .Mil.cy  Islet.      TltcihiN  . 

aliont  lilly  feet  hi;;li.  but   ihcy  are  not  conlinnons,  and  for  live  miles  imt  of  I  he  Icn  tin hh 

ImiiiIci  hi;,'  the  coa^l  line  is  low  and  wooded.     There  is  a  nai  mw  beach  under  the  clill's.  Mini  i  i'i 
low  water  biacli.     Thron.-li  this  low  country  a  stuam  empties  four  and  (nic  half  mdcs  n.iMinvi 
tioni  the  Soiiili  (  III!  of  the  <,>neets  Hiver.     'I'lie  clilf  is  broken  down  tor  (nic  t'onrth  of  a  in.. 

the  soiiili  point  of  tl lit  ranee  is  a  lony;.  low,  sainl  spit,      .V  tVvv  low,  Hat  rocks  lie  clns.'  iiniln  ■ 

beach   at   si\    miles  north   of  the   (^neets  IJiver,  and   the  iblVs  become  rocky  for  ov  n    i  ■ ■' 

proji'cts   into  the   .M-a   at    several    jilaees,   thus   cntllli;;  olf  I  he  low  water  beach.     'I  lii'in  •     i '• '   ' 

eoiiti with  a  very    narrow   beach  at  their  base,  and   the  low-water    beach  is  broad.  _  IIiImimI 

low  country   the   moderately   hiju'h   hills  are   rolling,'  and  covered  with  lir  and  cedar  aii.l  a  .h  •■ 
iiiiderL'rowth. 


WM. 


'i    !■ 


)illls  of  ;i,,  ,  iii,.,i,in 
v arils  thr  nuiihw,.. 
f.  Insiilv.  Ill,,  riv.r 
s  sircatii  ■i'..\\  li,,  |]|,. 
I'  M>iil«-  ■■!  i'>-l. ,i; 

mil  viM'  ti.  innili.|;|., 

Vcf  all    INivs  th,'  v', 


I    anil   l'<i||i|i;||':i;i\|.: 
H'l'IS   as    linirll   ;i<  III  , 


I  III'     lli-.laiiri'    |<  f|,;  I 

111.     'rill' rhlVs  air  , 

■aril  iiiiili'i-  lliiM'lii!- 

ri'aiii  l)ifaK',ii;.'ilmvi 

Aii-lliii'i's  null's  iiiii!!i 

<|liaflris  iiiiJi'N  siiii'ji 

;  anil  at  lli.il  {'ww- 

Till'  sinitli  iiHiiii  iif 

MMit  11  saiiMy  sjiii  i\„ 

yanls,  rxii'inls  tmlii. 

W  llirll  Is  llii'lr  I'i.'li:-, 

iirlliwaril  tm- '  na; 

Ih'IiIiiiI  il,  I'liiiiiii:.! 

aiTDss  ami  liassi:i;'i 

1)1111"  tillii'  ImmKi  II  ii;- 

sti'i'am  w  iili'iis  in  tui 

(lis  lit'  a  null  .  Ii:n;'i.' 

S(     till'    llllllllll    ll,|s  1m.\, 

irs   a    lar;:i'   •>  nliui,,  - 
rt'llH'liI   rllll    !ii  ,;r   , 

,i''  ami  saiiil 

lOSI'    sIiiHiIi;^    ~ii:l'. 


'S 


llillll,    W  Ill'M     '111- 

!'<  liair  .1  Miili'  III 


:tl'  :i:i"  ii.irii: 

•.>•.•'    III!"  wi'^l. 

lex  ill  a  ;;rlii'iMl  'liii 
,•  Isli'I.  Till'  i!:lN'' 
III' the  li'ii  ill''  ''"Ml' 

tin'  I'lills.  ami  ,1  ! 

'  lialf'liiiirs  iiMilliM.i 
rmii'tli  111'  a  iiiiir.  ' 
'IvS  lii'  rlusi'  iimlii ' 
y  I'm'  ii\  rr  a  mili'.  ■!■ 
,('li.     TIh'Im  '   'ii'i   '■ 

is  lir I.     I'.'ImimI  ' 

Hill  I'l'ilar  aii'l  i  'I'  • 


m 


'   !) 

If. 


W 


.•-.■.,,....,  ...  ^.^,_--.  ^^^,..l.«..  -T^ 


^"^SS^^^S^^fce^Miiai^Si 


Point  Orenville,  E. }  N.,  19  mileg 
(land  extends  to  E.  i  S). 


-■^T^iSi^^fr^-  -;^sah*s^ 


OlvTiipiiH  Krtiigr,  froili  u  point  7  miles  SK.  by  S.  from  DeRtniction  Island. 


n 


t    1 


]b  f 


HI;! 

I    ■ 

iil^lsr 

Kl'''''      ^ 

If 

1 

'■U 


s 

III 

i  '    •; 

f 
t 

y 

Ry 

i't 

H 

|: 

- 

1'  i  niii  { 

.  i  i 

1;  ,  ■  , 

m"     . 

1  ■               1 

li'     ^ 

.:*'': 

!■■     i 

i      llH      ; 

; 

1 

1 . 1 

1,4  .' 

i 

¥■■■  • 

■     ■  1. 

'i 

%     "If           '^^      : 

r,.:::''  -i,:^  . 

l'y:l:.«   it:  , 

I'ACII'IC   COAST    I'll.or. 


4'.)  7 


DRSTUITTION   ISI,AND. 

I  his  is  tlio  only  IsIuikI  dt'scrviiifj  tin-  appclhitioii  nortli  of  llic  Soiitlicast  Funillon  oil'  San 
I'liiii  isiip.  Il  Ill's  It'ss  fliiin  oMf  mile  inside  t  lie  line  Joining;-  Ciipc  (•lliziilit'li.  iiiul  ("api^  .lolmson 
mil  ilu'  ilfi'iit'st  imrt  of  tiui  lii^'lit  fornicil  by  tlic  easterly  recession  of  llie  slmii'.  'riii>  outer  point 
I,,  iliiee  ami  a  lialf  miles  from  the  nearest  shoie,  ant!  Itein;;  the  same  Iu'i;;ht  as  the,  adjaeent 
,1111s  II  Is  \iiy  tllilicult  for  a  vessel  to  nnike  it  out  when  runninj;  alonj;  the  coast  at  a  distaniru  of 
liii  miles.  When  it  Ih  projeeted  a;;ainst  thesis  tililVs  it  can  only  he  made  out  from  seaward  when 
Hull'  IS  a  lia/.\  atmosphere  lietween  it  and  the  shore,  or  when  tht^  sun  Is  shinin;,' on  the  clilfs  and 
llii'  i^let  IS  in  shadow.  15ut  when  a  vessel  is  runniu},'  close  alon;;?  the  coast  from  ('ai»e  I'lii/.alietli 
!i.  (  .i|ie.Inlinsoii  it  is  very  distiiu'tly  made  (uit. 

W  hen  the  Islanil  hears  northwest  by  north  (N\V.  by  N.),  seven  miles  «listant,  it  is  seen  with  a 
il.iik  liiiealon;,'  the  level  toji  on  the  low  and  fainter  outline  of  the  laud  to  wants  the  (^Miillilinle  Uivei', 

lie  hii^'ht  ('litis  at  the  Iloli  Head  are  seen  clearly  and  lii;;li('r,  and  hilling' the  farthei' land  to  tlie 


iMIil  I 
Ildllh^aM 


I.     When  it  bears  northwest  b\  noi'tli  foiii'  miles  distant,  the  island  sli 


d; 


a;;aiust 


ilii' I, iiid  towards  the  (^iiiillihute,  but  the  outline  is  not  (|uite  as  hi;;li  as  that   laud.     The  clitVs  of 
jldli  II.  ad  are  bright  and  hi},'h. 

Willi  a  sharp  lookout  the  islainl  has  been  seen  at  a  dist.ince  of  liftecn  miles  when  bearing; 
mil  liy  east  one-half  east   (N.  by  K.  .\  !•].)  as  a  low,  short  black  line  on  the  hori/on,  under  a  low- 


in 


(l.iilv  line  of  t'orest  on  llu'  shoreline  with  the  hills  and  luounlains  rl 


higher  In  the  interior. 


•fl 


IS 


and  is  twenty  miles  north  forty-three  dej;rees  west   (N\V.  ,1  N.)  from  Cai)e  lilizabeth 
Mill  iM  iirly  twenty-four  miles  tVom  the  (ireuville  .\reh  Itock  on  the  same  bearin^j. 

Il  is  a  nearly  level  topju'd  island  with  an  extreme  lieidlil  of  ninety  feet,  eovei'ed  with  a  very 
ilniM'  ;:ii)Uth  ot  bushes,  which  have  been  removed  in  a  few  places  by  the  lloh  Indians  for  plant- 
iiii;  |i(itatoes.  There  are  only  four  trees  or  snndl  clumps  of  trees  on  the  island,  and  when  seen 
iMnii  ilie  soiitliea.st  one  appears  at  each  extremity  of  the  island,  and  two  lu'ai'er  the  western  end. 


Iiilvin 


\  .iiiioiiver  iep(Mted  a  few  dwarf  ti'ces  upon  the  east  end  in  I7!t-.     The  shores  are  l)old.  rocky, 
Miy  sleep,  and  in  some  lij^lits  show  moderately  biij,'lit  below  the  dark  surface  line  of  the 

Il  Is  said  there  are  some  remarkable  ix'rforations  throu^di  a  rock  near  it,  but  these  are  only 


nil  liiiiii  pailM'U 


lar  directions.     On  the  eastern  end  were  formerh  some  rude  Indian  lints 


riic  outer  limit  ol  the  Island  is  tliree  and  one  hall'  miles  from  the  nearest  |)art  of  the  main 
>lini, ,  w  liich,  as  wehaxcsald,  licic  runs  stralj;hl  south  thirty  decrees  east  (S,  .'id  '  1'^)  for  ten  miles. 

\\-~  j;cneial  direftlon  is  north-northeast  and  south  southwest,  Inivliin'  an  evtreme  leiij^th  of 
!u.i!l\  half  a  mile,  and  its  width  Is  about  three  hundred  yards  at  the  widest  Itart,  near  the  southern 


liiuaids  the  nortli  it  tapers  to  a  small  round  point,  fioin  which  projects  a  {gravelly  ton^'ue  about 
iH  liiiinlrcd  yards  loii^r,  cnr\ind  to  the  northwest.     Just  beyond  this  tongue  is  a  lcdd('  sweeping;- 
ilii'  wcstwaril  one  tlili'd  of  a  mile,  with  a  few  detached  roi^ks  awash  outsliU'. 
I  Ml  the  northern  end  of  the  Island  and  led;;e  a  number  of  larjje  detached  rocks,  with  three 


ii\(' 


lath' 


ims  of  watei 


betw 


ecu   them,  extends  in  the  jicncral  direction  of  the  island,  iiearlv  a 


lie  iVoiii  llieed;:e  of  the  lilnll.     Heavy  liieaUeis  ;;eiicially  exi.vt  tlirou^lioiit  this  rock\  patch 


Imi   a 


lie  ucstcin  approaches  to  tlu^  islanil   present  a  xcry  ii)ck\.  uneven  bottom,  entirely  nntitted 
icli(iia;4e,  except  at  such  a  distance  that   the  island  would  atVord  no  in'otcclion  from  sontli- 


liiils  or  M'as.     The  ten  t'athoni   line  is  within  tl 


-eighths  of  a   mile  of  the  wcslein  sliiu'e, 


iinilorm  hard  bottom  outside  that  distance  In  eleven  and  twelve  fathoms  of  wale 


iiid  very 


111' Liilar  depths  inside  of  it,  with  two  sunken   rocks  liaviiij;  thirteen  and  ei;4:Iiteen  feet  of  water 
ii|M.ii  Iheiii. 

Alioiit  two  hundred  and  twenty  yards  south  of  the  extremity  of  the  reef  at  the  south  end  of 
\u'  Inland,  and  a  i|'iaiter  of  a  mile  from  the  island,  there  is  a  sunken  rock  with  sixteen  feet  of 
\i.i:i'i  upon  It. 


The  sonilieastern  face  of  the  island  is  free  from  sunken  r( 


lit  has  broken,  irre;;ular  bottom 


i-  niiiiii^;  the  base  of  the  dill's  aloii;;'  this  shore  there  is  a  rocky  shelf  Just  under  water,  and  the 


hie 


'  iif  tills  slii'lf  is  almost  vertitial  down  to  three  and  five  fathoms  of  water. 


oiith  of  the  line  of  kelp  (which  eommences  ntV  the   norlheasterii  | 


lart  of  the  island  and  runs 


U"i\: 


the  eastern  tace  of  the  detached   rocks  to  the   northward)  tln'ic  are  live  and   six  fatlioiiis  of 
w.iiir  v.'iv   close  to  the  shore.    Sandy,  sticky,  and  unifonii  bottom  in  ten  fathoms  of  water  is 
171211  1-  c yj 


T 


I 


Ml, 


IK 


(;■ 


If  „ 

^ 


41)8 


I'Aciiic  coAsr  ni.oT. 


t'oiiuil  olV  tlif  siinlluMsl   lace  iil'  tlic  isliiitd,  iit  a  tlistaiici'  til'  niic  ci^'litli  of  a  iiiiU>   I'l 
tlio  wattT  a|i|icai'.s  to  ilrt'iicii  mily  a  lallinni  in  a  iiiiaitcr  of  a  mile. 


um  slidu .  ,iiii| 


Niiii'lN -lour  ami  nni'lliinl  miles  .soiilli  scvciily  cijilil  ilf;,'r('r.".  wcsl  (S.  7S  '  Wj  iVniii   |i 


!lllc. 

lion  Island  tlifSdiindiii^' ^ivcs  <iiu'  liuiidrt'd  and  ci^liU'cii  I'allioms  nf  walcr  ovci  a  luiHtiiii  ii  i.i,i,|, 
sand  and  j;i'a\  I'l, 

Hctwi'di  tlic  nortlicin  rnd  of  tin-  icrt'  and  llit'slmii'  to  llir  nortli-noi  tlicast  llir  dcplli  ni    i,,!,., 

is  fVcrywliiTi'  less  tlian  ciulit  latlhims;  liic  soiindin};s  aic   \c\\   nnilnrm  lirtwccii   nlni    I  i,,, 

latlntnis  to  Nortii  K'ock,  one  linndri'd  Iccl  lil;^ii,  Ion r  and  a  iinartci'  niilt's  noitli  norilii'a>|  ii,,iii  ||„, 
north  end  of  |i,i>  island,  and  one  mili'  IVum  tin'  mairsl  sliciic.  'i'licii'  is  a  drplli  ni  i  i^lii,.,  „ 
ratlioms  tlircc  and  a  iinartci'  milrs  sontli  nl'  lli<>  islaml  and  al>onl  iliirc  mdcs  soiiili  of  |)r^i  nii'tinii 
Islantl.  \'ani'on\i'i'  savs  lie  anclioicd  in  t  went  v  one  latlioins  of  water  ovei'  soft,  sandy,  and  miKhK 
bottom. 

The  exiimiiiatioiisor  the  (Joasl  Snrvey  have  mateiMally  ledneed  the  i'e)ioited  size  ol  tlii-  i-l.ini!. 

Tiie  extent  of  tile  isl.ind  and  reels  is  one  and  line,  ei^litlis  miles  noitliriorllieast  liv  ii.iii  .1 
miU>  in  width,  and  a  thoioiiu'li  leeoiiiiai^^sanee  has  developed  the  I'aet  that  it  allnids  no  pKit.riHH 


jraiiist  southeast  weiitln 


I'ai'l.  pi'<i\iuiit\  to  the  island  at  siieh  limes  is  dan;;e!iiiis,  a>  ^ll 


t'xpi'iieneed  in  heavy  and  thieU  wealiier  iVoiii  the  southward. 

Tiihs. — The  aveiai^e  rise  and  fall  of  I  he  tides  at  1  lest  rm-t  ion  Islam!  is  sexcn  ami  lliiceleiirn^  li 
The  time  and   heiuht   of  eaeh  tide  lhroii.;lioiil  the  ye, 11   are  H'adils   ohiained  iVom   ilu    iii 

tallies  which  are  |inlili>lied  annually. 

I'iiid   the  time  and   liei;;lit  ol'  the   rei|iiired    tides 


Astoi  ia,  then  the  lime  of  I 


Desl  met  ion  Island  is  lortv  I  w  n  minutes  eai  I  iei  in  standard  time,  or  one  hour  eai  lier  in  h 
and  tlie  1 1  el;;  hi  of  I  he  tide  nine  tenths  of  a  loot  almx  e  that  ^'i\  en  lor  Astoria ;  the  lime  oT 
is  I'orty  si\  miiinles  earlier  in   slandard  tune,  or  one  hour  ami  lonr  minnles  in  local  lim 
hei;;hl  of  the  low  waier  two  teiilhs  ol  a  loot  lielow  that  ^^ivcn  lor  Astoria. 

////(//•"(/(■((//////. — The  easiei n  side  of  Di'struelioii    Isl.nid  alVorils  the  onl\    proiier  aiic 
the  \  icinil  V  oT  the  Islaml. 


ilKli   w  ;ilii  ,il 


'I  Ml   lllllc, 
p'A   ',;||,M 


ir,  .illU  llir 


mr.ur  III 


I'"ioni  one  hair  to  oiic  ipiarier  miles  olV  it  the  soiindiiitrs  are  ipiile  refjular  iVoin  ten  to 


tat  lion  IS,  with  hard  I  ml  loin,  1 111 1  inside  of  ihal  I  he  liniiom  is  liioUeii,  lull  not  so  liadl\  a 


S  eJM'U  Ih  II . 


No  danj;eroiis  roc  lis  are  loiiml  on  this  side  until  \iiv  c 


to   sill 'It 


and  ill  r.icl   weic  ll   iml  I'm  llic 


.sea,  vessels  eoiild  lie  in  jilaecs  aloii;;side  the  w.ill  of  rock    foiiiiiuL:  I  lie 


Iter  mark.     Hut  r\ 


I'll 


tills  side  is  only  sale  diiriii;;  iioilherls  .iml  northwesleil.s  w  inds;  at  llieliist  indication  o;  .1  mnli 
eriy  wind  a  \essel  should  ;:oliisca.  The  snr\  i'\  in;,' liri.u  Fttiiiidciiiij  had  iw  ice  to  slip  in  1  1  il'lr, 
once  in  the  middle  of  tile  lli;:hl,  when  the  wind  came  up  -  .i|ilenl.\. 

The  eiiirellls  olV   I  )csl  rile!  ioii    l.^laild  are   usually   to        c   liollliwi  slward  :    the   sllixesili;;   li:u 
I'liuud  this  liiioral  drill. 

Ill  ITT'i  llecela  and    r.ode;,M  report   thai  in  calm   wcalhei  llie\   found  the  em  rents  luiiiiiii;;  •" 
the  south  south «  est  ill  This  \  ii-inil  \  . 


Ill    .\prtl,  l7!tL'.  \a 


leoin cr    was   coinpellei 


1  to  anchor  in  Iweutyone  lalhoms  of  waui  "mi  1 
liotloin  of  soft  sand  and  mud,  with  the  middle  of  Kesiriielion  Ul.ind  he.irin;;  iioiili,  disl.m:  mi-' 
lea;,'iie.  and  he  had  llie  ciirn'iil  selling:  iapidl.\  on  shore.  This  eiiri  eiil  w  ,is  diiftiii;:  his  \omIiiiI.i 
dan.Ljcr. 

Whilst  al  ainlior  oin'  day  he  found  "a  constant  current,  withoiil  iiilcrrupi  ion.  sctiiiii;  111  the 
line  of  the  coast  to  the  iKiilliward  at  a  linitbim  rate  of  nearl\   half  a  lea^;iie  per  licnii." 

lie  fuilliermore  stales  th,i  I  after  passing'  Cape  (>i  lord  he  had  heen  ie^;nlarl.\  thus  alhiieil.  i'hI 
eairii'd  to  llie  iiorlliwaid  ten  In  luehe  miles  per  da\   farther  than  was  expected. 

When  a  M'ssel  is  outside  Deslriictiiiii  Isl.iiid  the  h'^li  laud  liehiml  I'api'  r!li/alielli  is  m.~  iii' 
with  a    loll;;  depression    lie!  ueeii  I  uo  1 leiatelv     \\\'^\\    1 1'liiidin;;    peaks.      This  liias    lie   I  lie  Siulil"- 


1 1  ill  of  -Meares: 
hill  of  the  Sadd 


ml  llieic  are  two  other  hills  of  eoiial   hci;;lil  elo,-.c  to  each  other  ami  to  ll 


Tl 


lel'e   IS  110    hav    or    liaibor    In 


tweeii    I'oiiil    (ili'lixille    ami    Cape    I''l,lllel\    Willi    ca| 


shelterili''  ve 


I'estrnction  Island  fiirnishis  ihe  oiil,\  shellei,  .ind  is  the  t)lijecli\e  \ 1 


sealing;  schooners  alon;;  this  coast  when  llie\  are  seckiii;;  pidieciiini  in  summer. 

'I'lie  !;eo;.'iapliical  position  of  the  southwest   pari   of  the   island    has   liceii  deleimim 


U.  S.  Coast  and  <! 


'lie  .Siirvev  :  it  1- 


I.alllilili' I*      1"    "T     iiMilli. 

Liinuiln.lc I'-'l      '■"    ""     »••«' 

Or,  ill  liiiir <•'    l-"Uli.O. 


!l) 


•111    sllClll  .   ,l||l| 

roiii    I  lis;  I II,.. 
iIIhiii  (i|  iii.ii'i, 


oi  I  his  i>I.uii!. 

•il.sl    li\   h.iir  ,1 

111!  |il(il.i  I:m1i 

Ills,  ;i>  Ml  ,iic« 

'('(•■tCllllI  -  li  <■■ 

Viiiii    llii    li.!> 
1iil;1i   \\  ;ilii  .11 

'  ill  InC.ll  ;illli', 
I'  (if  Ill'A  'i,ll''l 
I  illM',    Mllll    till 


Irli  III  ; wiIm 

;is  rl.M'uliiii 

.'  ii  mil  I'ii  ;i.i 

rU.     I'.iu  1  wi, 

(III   of    ,1       illi'll 

.li|i   ill  I  '  i''i . 

Ill  \  i'.\  III.:  '  r. 

il  >  I  iiliiiiii:;  ■' 

vv.Ui'i  "\i  1  . 
I.  lii.sl.in:  "!i 
his  \  I'S.^i  I  ml'' 


I'ACIKIC   COAST   riLOT.  49!) 

Ill  .hiiiiiar.v,  1SS."»,  the  niiifint'tic  viirialioii  wii.s  L'-  '  '.\'>'  iMst,  with  a  .yearly  iiion'nso  of  I'.O. 

Ihi' l'('lli'»iii^'  l»'aiiii;;s  ami  (listanccs  aio  ^ivcii  to  proiiiiiK'nt  olijccl.s  tVoiii  tlic  .south  i)art  of 


111.' 


.1  where  il  lias  been  iiropu.sed  to  [ilaee  a  Iii;;lil  Luiise: 


Capr  |lis:i|>|ii>iiilMiriil,  Niiilli  Ihail 


;!» '  V. 


lliinv 


iiiilsHJi.  (ira.v's  Ihirlioi-  Ilai- 


111    K, 


Anil  this  lliii'  iiiih.srs  liall'  a  iiiili'  iiisidi'  ,Sra-Liiiii  K'lii'K  al  IIiIiIi'i'm 
anil  Iwii-tliiiils  iiiIIin;  anil  tliri'r-i|uaiii  is  of  a  iiillc  oiilslili'  iit' 
Sjilil  K'iM'k  at  nI.vIci'Ii  ami  inii'liall'  iniliM 

CaiM   l.li/alirlh    S.  .»;!■'  li. 

Anil  I  III'  'inn  villi'  Anli  l{iirk  lirs  mi  I  he  sanii'  lirai'iii^iii'arly  t  wriity- 
Ciiiir  null's  ilistaiit. 
I  aiiiill  Islrl  lir\  iinil  ('ii|i("  .Inlinson 


K(  inili'H. 
18  milcH. 


■JO  iiiiluH. 


N.  17^  \V.       •-'•J  iiiilea. 


Anil   this  liiii'  iiassi'M  iirarly  liiiinriil  to  Janus  Ishiml  at  liflirii  and 
iiiir-liair  mills. 

Ilrieta  (.Iiilv  14,  177."))  sav.s  thai  in  17  .W  lir  t'onnil  la  l.sla  rasa  (a  (lattoi»petl  i.slantl)  wliieli 
he  ii.inii'il  la  Isla  lie  lo.s  Dolores;  anil  that  it  was  cox-creil  uitli  ]ii lie  trees  anil  wa.s  a  leafiiie  in 
lin  iiiriiii  nee.  'I'liis  lias  licen  snpiio.sfil  to  apjily  to  Destinetion  Islainl;  lint  the.  (le.scri[»tioii  ami 
|Hisilinii  are  not  applieahle  to  it. 

II  ri'i'i'iveil  its  present  name,  liy  which  only  it  is  known  on  this  roast,  in  17.S7,  I'roin  Captain 
i;,iki  l\  111  tlie  Impiridl  FmijU;  who  sent  a  loiij;  lioat  fioni  Iviiij;  (!eor;;e'.s  Soiinil  to  explore  as  tar 
.siiiiili  .IS  lalilmle  47  '.  The  otliei'is  ami  crew  of  a  smaller  Imat  entereil  a  shallow  river  (lither  the 
Hull  111  the  (^Miillihiilei  ami  I'owcil  up  some  distanee.  where  they  wi'ie  attaclvcil  ami  iiiiirileriil  liy 
tlic  linliiiis.  In  17.><.S  Mcares  <'amc  upon  the  Islaml  in  southeast  weather  ami  liail  j;i'eat  ilillieiilly 
111  wi'Mihi'iiiiti  it.  It  was  while  in  the  vieinify  of  this  Islaml  that  he  saw  the  hifjh  land  bi-hind 
I'liiiit  (.nmiianlt,  showing  as  a  saddle. 

\  aiii'iiiner  retained  Ueikely's  name  and  plaeed  it  in  latitude  17'  ;>7'  north.  De  Mofras 
ili...i-iMli's  it  in  his  ;;fnei'al  chart  I.  dc  Dolores. 

III  LS.')!,'  the  coast  snrveyiii^steanii'r  ran  Itetweeii  the  Islandand  the  shore  on  a  strai},dit  course. 


.iiiil  iiiiiml 


no  less  than  si.\  and  one  half  fathoms. 


The  irconnaissance  of  l.StK!  shows  that  a   tail'  jiassa^c  exists  lietween  it  and  the  mainland, 
il  ilial  a  eoiiise  halfway   lietween  them   will  prohablN    carry  in  no  piae(^  le.ss  tiian  six  and  one- 
was  examined 


h.ill  lillioms  ot  water;   lint    the   locality   has  not    lieeii   examiiii'd   in   detail.      It 
iiiit.iiiMly  in  the  hope  of  limlin;;  aiicliora;^es  a;;aiiit  lioth  northwest  and  southeast  winds. 

(Uudihythc  /)'((//.  — This  is  the  name  {iiven  liy  Meares  to  the  lii;;lit  formed  liy  the  recession  of 
ihi'shiiie  south  of  the  (,tiiillihiite  liiver  to  a  short  distance  south  of  Destruction  Island  which  he  says 
Ins  III  Ihe  middle  of  the  liay.  In  want  of  somesiieei  il  desijjnation  we  ii'tain  the  name.  Alircast 
l>i'~:iiii'litiii  Island   the  main  shore  continues  iiortli     uiity  dci,'rees  west  (N.  .itP  W .)  fioin  a  little 


>iiiil!i  lit  the  Island  to  the  lloli  lliver,  then  curve: 


St  ward  lot  two  miles  to  Iloli  Head. 


t'liiiii  iliili  Head  the  two  points  in  line  to  the  iinrilnvest  are  Teahwhit  Head  and  .lames  Island 
.Il  ilie  <,>iiilliliiite  inoiith.  They  lie  north  sixty  one  de;;rees  west  (N.  (il  \V.)  from  Hull  Head,  thi^ 
liisi  i'i;;lit  and  inic  sixth  miles  the  latter  ti'ii  and  threelifths  miles,  with  Cake  Island  on  the  same 
i;iii^;r  i«i>  and  iine-ei};hth  miles  lieyond. 

r.iiwten  Hull  Head  and  Teahwhit  Head  the  coast  is  very  irri'^^ularly  broken  and  falls  back 
;ii  h.ill  a  dii/.en  bijilits  about   one  and  three-ipiarler  miles, 

1  111'  rliIVs  are  moderately  lii;;h,  ranyiii;;  from  tifty  to  one  hundred  and  lifty  feet  in  lieinht,  and 
ill  me  wiMiilid  to  their  ed^;es.  Several  small  streams  break  tliroiij;li  the  line  of  elitls,  The  points 
Mil'  lii^h  and  I  lit  tin;;,  with  numerous  rocks  olf  each  <Mie ;  some  of  these  rocks  are  lii;;h  and  notable 
islits,  others  are  sunken  dan;;ers.  In  this  reach  from  Destruction  Island  to  .lames  Island  the 
■^Imii  ran  not  be  safely  ap|iroaelied  nearer  than  two  and  a  haif  miles. 

I'lie  riiiiiitry  imtneiliately  behind  the  clitfs  of  tiMieeiiiiytlie  I'.ay  is  low,  and  is  ipiite  Hat,  and 
"111  II  a  \essel  is  nine  or  ten  miles  south  west  half  west  (.SW.  K  \\ .)  froni  Destruction  Island  a  great 
lir.i;iil,  low  valley  appears  immediately  beyond  the  is!;iml,  and  extending  as  fiv  iioithward  as  the 
lli.li 

\Mv\  tile  hills  ri.se  to  moderate  heights,  and  ai 

iti\ 


i;i\er  and  well  to  the  southward  of  the  range  of  the  I.shiml,    Ninth  and  .south  of  this 


tied 

lied,      r.eyoiiil  are  seen  the  snow  peaks  uf  the 

through  the  elilfs.     In  the  biglit,  on  a  line 


iiijiiis  .Mountains.  One  or  two  small  streams  bre: 
I"  t  M'l'ii  Destiiiction  Island  and  lloh  Head,  the  bottom  apiiears,  from  the  few  .soundin.us  taken,  to 
'"  III  Illy  of  a  iinifiiiii  depth  of  ten  fathoms.  On  the  line  between  the  Island  and  the  month  of 
the  ^MiillihuiiMhe  depths  are  eleven,  fourteen,  and  lifteeii  fathoms,  at   respirtively  one,  two,  and 


i^i 


lit'*    #:■' 


I      ' 


m 


501) 


I'Aciric  ('((AST  pii.ttr. 


•lii'ls; 
•  lills 

■'■■'111 

■  III. nil 
Ul    ll;(. 

Mllllll- 


flvo  miles  trom  tlio  nottli  imuI  of  tliu  J.slaiul.     Tliis  lirtccii  t'atlumis  NoiiiuUiig  lius  tlirco  nni. 
i'l'diii  Nitrtli  liock  I'oiiit. 
(.'oiimu'iu'iiij,' abivasi  oC  Dcstnictidu  Island,  wo  liavt-  tlu>  (k'scriptioiis  cil'  tin'  rollDwiii^   . 

Alihty  IsUi. — This  is  a  rock.v  islet,  two  liuiidred  yards  in  tliauieter,  l.vinj^  eluse  nndei  iii 
and  eonneeled  witli  tlieni  at  low  water.  It  is  ijut'i-  and  one-tliiid  miles  noilli  Iwini. 
dej;ieeseast  (N.  -1  K.)  Ironi  the  north  end  ot  hcstrnelion  Island.  The  liri;;ht  elills  of  ii, 
8liure  arc  alxuit  one  hundred  feet  Ligli,  and  this  islet  has  the  same  height  ami  is  wiimli  <!  '■ 
sides  are  nut  bri;;ht. 

A  seeiind  and  smaller  islet  with  the  same  eliaraeteristies  lies  two  lil'lhs  of  a  mile  to  iIh 
east  a'.id  elose  under  the  shore.  I'etween  tin  so  two  there  is  the  mouth  of  a  small  sticim.  w'nlm 
small  sanil  si>it  lormiu};  the  stuith  point.  Tlif  liiu'  of  soumlin;;s  lietwccn  Destruction  hl.itiil  mhI 
Ablie.v  Islet  shows  a  maximum  depth  of  .si-ven  and  three  fourths  lalhoms  over  samlv  l>i>iii<iii 
inidwav. 

The  name  "Queen  Il\the"  is  found  on  Arrowsmith's  chart  of  IT'.t.Salueast  of  Mcslrinlimi  U!,iii,|. 
'         Alihe.v  Islet  was  named  in  l.S(iti  by  tlu'  IT.  S.  Coast  Survey  from  its  appearance. 

South  luxk. —  .\  trillc  over  one  in  lie  to  the  scmtliward  of  Altliey  Islet  and  half  a  inilc  oiii  miIi'  iIm 
t'lifl's  there  IS  a  small  black  rock  standin;;  forty  six  feet  out  of  water,  w  ilh  three  faliionisni  w.iin 
eloao  outsidi'  of  it.  It  lies  vei'y  nearly  two  ami  one-half  miles  north  forty  three  deuiies  r,i>i 
(N.  4:5''  K.)  from  the  north  end  of  Uesfruclion  Island. 

The  tleejiest  water  between  it  ami  the  Island  is  seven  fathoms,  a  little  nearer  the  nrk  ili.n. 
the  I.slaml. 

S'lirtli  l^'llt^L■. — This  is  a  black  rock  about  oiu^  humlred  and  lifty  yards  long  and  f(iii\  ynil- 
wide,  lying  southeast  and  northwest,  with  neaily  vertical  sides.  It  is  one  hundred  feel  alum-ilii 
sea,  with  deep  water  elose  under  ils  southeast  laci  ,  where  a  ilepth  of  four  fathoms  is  foiiinl  m\h 
yards  from  the  face  of  the  elitf.  It  lies  four  aih  iie fourth  miles  mirth  eighteen  degnr^  wi-i 
(N.  1S'<  W.)  from  the  north  end  of  nestruetion  Island,  ami  one  and  one-sixth  miles  souili  iliiii\ 
degret's  west  (."^.  .'>(P  \V.)  from  lloli  Mead. 

It  is  soMietinu'S  made  out  ipiit*'  plainly  when  proiected  against  the  whitish,  broken  i  |ii!> 
northwest  and  southeast  of  the  small  bay  umler  tln^  Head. 

I.«'tween  it  and  l)estruction  Islaml  the  depth  of  water  is  niiu'  to  ten  fathoms  o\er  ir;,iil,ir 
liuttom. 

M'uhlle  I\i)ik. — This  is  a  black  rock  lifty  yards  in  extent  ami  forty  feet  high,  with  m.ii'    \  i 
tieal  sides.     It  lies  a  little  over  half  a  mile  fr<uu  the  cliiVs  on  the  north  ^ide  of  II oh  b'JM  i .       !  ' 
mile  ninth  .seventy-eight degrees  east  (N.  7.S  ■  K.)  from  North  Kock. 

It  is  lour  and  onethinl  miles  north  three  degrees  west  (N.  ;P   \V.)  from   the  noitli  m  i 
neslructit)!!   Island.     Two  thirds  of  a  mile  outside  this  rock  there  is  a  ritrk  airnslt  at  low  uii.  i  •■ 
the  dirc<'t  line  to  1  )estiuction  Island.      IJetween  it  and  the   shore  aie  many  low.  Hat  rocks,     riim- 
are  no  soundings  given  in  tins  \iciiiil\. 

Tlic  Huh  Iiirti: — The  mouth  of  this  small  sireaiii  lies  tmir  and  twit  thirds  miles  iioiili  I. m  ■!■ 
greeseast  (N.  4''  K.)  fnmi  IVstrnction  Island.      It  is  in  the  deepest  part  of  the  bight  ol  (,»ih  .  ;       ' 
I»ay.      It    Is   marked   by   the    Middle    IJiicks  already  described,  and  b\   the  break  dow  n  in  ll.r  iliM- 
for  two-lifilis  of  ii  mile;   this  is  well  iinted  from  a  distani^e.     'I'licre  is  a  broad  sand   lieacli  tit  t'i"ft 
of  the  opening,  the  south   pi'iiit    is  a  small   sand  point,  and  llie  iiorlh  is  a  loii^  sand  b.  ;i. 
evidences  t)f  the   stream   breaking  through  in    dillerent    places  in  dillereiil  seasons.     In  I 
mouth  was  eighty   \ards  wide  at   hi;:li   wali'i,  and   forty   at   low   water,  but  inside  ;iie  en; 
widens  to  (me  humlred  and  titty  yards,  and  again  decreases  in  a  <piarterof  a  mile;  it   is  ii|hiiiiiI 
to  lia\e  a  swift  current.     The  river  drains  a  broad,  tlat  valley  with   wooded  hills  to  the  MnriliMinl 
to  the  south.     The  Indian   village  at  the  mouth,  on  the  .south  point   umler  the  clilf.s,  is  ii.iiiiiil 
Kwaak  sat. 

The  river  can  be  navigated  by  snn»ll  rive:  .steamers  at  its  lower  jiart.  It  is  a  swift  niiniiii: 
stream  with  a  large  volume  of  water  and  can  not  be  forded  near  its  month.  There  \sa  Mnih i'  mtt 
visibh'  at  the  lowest  titles  directly  olf  its  month;  it  is  oiu-  mile  from  the  shore  and  almosi  evuilj 
a  mile  .south  sixty-three  degrees  east  (S.  (i.i     1',.)  from  North  liock. 

At  the  south  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  river  is  the   Iloh  village  of  six  buildings.     In   ~ 
weather  the  Indians  go  in  and  (Uit  of  the  river  with  canoes.     As  the  outer  breakers  arc  (piiit 
the,  Indians  generally  keep  inside  of  them  by  tracking  their  canoes  in  the  surf  until  llie.\  ^ 
t«retl  by  the  rocks  that  are  one  mile  to  the  northwestward  of  the  entrance,  and  then  |tnt  on! 


Hllh 

.nv 


I*' 


Ji 


^ 


I'f. 


'lia*  ..» •..' '' 


■%. 


r  ,>/" 


-v 


Thk  \ii'\\Hiif  lii'Htnii  limi  Ixlitiiil  unci  MiljMi'riil  <iiikMl. 


K»('k. 


Kcxk. 


Hock. 


NE.byN.  iN. 


.  j.-f-*.4.y«- 


:^5S*l»'-f^353?5S»-^-. 


Dirttnietion  Island,  '.>0  fnft.  NSV.  by  N.,  7  inilM.        Hooch  or  Hoh  Heart. 


Ab'.)ey  Islaud  Head. 


l,;illlliN  lltl'  l»l;lliil. 


lifHtnictiiiii  I«linnl,  UO  fo«t,  N\V.  by  N.,  -1  mi'»s. 


Hooeh  or  Hob  Head 


Si 


m 


\S 


II '^   y 


m 


> 

/;,U          ,1;        .' 

} 

N 

.'•1'     f.    ■■ 

> 

.i%i',ii 


?iir 


'p 


\i .,  I;  • 


1  ^  Mi 


1 

i 

fi 

< 
1 

1 

|fllnE     il 

M 

ii 

-^.^si,:My3?ttL 


^•**:>» 


J  ;44.Ui^4i*5.t6*pMlif_*i5.*^.-  '4 


llnnc'ii  Kiv.T  V.illey.  N.   4J  miles. 


E%U».gi-M5^ijaau*Ji'itiWii/iiiiitejir>'rfii'rr'.-' 


"■?K 


IX'i  f.-i  t 


IV'iilhyiiti-  Inl.iiiil. 


•■!\i  U-v.X. 

Kiiuriilfd  I^hiri.l,  lv.".t  Cr.-i. 


I'lTklllM   Ki 


,.-^w.    .  '  ■•■.  'f'i-4**-':i'iCtl':^-'^*!^i^;r'«4t'**^^ 


H"iM  li  If!,,  r  \'alk'_v.  iJesIriii'tii.ii  iiliuul,  ItO  fm 


AIU..-V    Isluiul  HiM.I,  NK.  lix  N.  i  N.,:iiuil.-. 


j^^jag.iiilwBiijun.',-- 


'~MK»a>>-_-«MlHBite_'jgtiiBtji:'j[ 


A'l'xiiii.ItT  Islniiil,  IJl  ('.■.I, 


Norlti  Kill  k.  1 110  1,.,-t 
Mo.mI]  m  Moll  Il.-.iil,  NNW.r^  milr 


f^^:ii^>:<;r!^iiWw*^4,j,5^  ,4.         v..,;.;  ,. .-     .,,..,-,..:„„.»«. 


Icy.  De.stnu'tM.ii    ■-Uniil    '.I'J  fm  '.  NK.  ^  1-:  ,  '.i  ii,il«.i. 


i 


UjJ: 


r.'    i 


I. 


01 

If::: 


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in 


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1*4 


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'*,■.'    ■ 

1 

181 


61.  < 

fol 

Wi 
IDi' 

hi  I 

ail' 
Ik 

OX' 


'11.1, 
III. 


iiii'i' 


III  <; 


51  \   I 


r 


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W' '" 


we 

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«ii:  il 

'li  !•( 
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bl'  h|{ 
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li'iii;  I 


i 


PACinC    COAST    I'll.oT. 

!ii>  liciii'li  sdiitli  of  IIdIi  nivfi'i'iiii  1)1'  Iravcli'il  lni'  iniiiiy  iiiilrs. 
1  ill'  Midillc  l{ii('k  lies  two  tliirils  ul' a  riiilr  wi'sl  sdiiIIiuc.nI  lioiii  llif  pii'scni  imnitli. 


501 


V      \i  pii'M'iit  tilt' inline  (>(■  tlic  l!i\i'i' is  |)niii(  iiiiccd  linh  hs    tlic   liidjiiiis  liviiij^   llicrc.     In  1857- 
t6i><:    '■i\  pi'oniMiiircil  it  lloixli  (ili  as  in  (ii'iniaii  /i  .'.),.>!'  Ildnli, 

•\  ,>oiiif  it  is  lii'licM'il  dial  this  was  tin' |)lai'<' \\  licic  Iwd  (il'llic  Dlliccis  and  Ibiir  men  of  llic/ 
If,,       -il  /.'(((//(',  Captain  Meikley.  were  niiiideicd  in  17S7. 

,,/,    //,,((/. — 'I'liis  is  llie  iiijili   hii^;lit    elin'l\inj,'   li\(' and  one  half  miles  iioi 111  t weiily  de;;rees 
Ifc       \.  L'd     W.)  fiDiii  the  iiiiilh  end  of  l)eslnieliiiii  Island. 

i  Mm  l(ii;,'lit  jiai  I  of  I  he  elilf  is  ovei  I  'vo  liiindied  feel  lii;,'h  and  is  eoxcred  with  a  dense  fir  forest, 
gti.  Miiiv:  iiilaiiil  ip\ei-  moileialeiy  low  rolling;  hills,  It  juts  out  over  half  a  mile  lieyond  the  ;;<'ii- 
er,  ii\('of  the  shore,  and  has  liii;;hl  elilVs  to  the  north  and  to  the  southeast  one  mile,  where 
thi  I--  a  shallow  hav  half  a  mile  liroad  \\  ith  lii;;h  and  low  water  beaches.  I'he  liri;;lit  elilfs  do  not 
ftii-  this  hay.  lint  the  Idiilf  is  hi-h  and  eo\ered  "ith  fir.  When  I  lesniielion  Island  hears  north- 
^'  i'\  north  .>e\  en  miles  distant,  and  this  point  t  U4'l>  ■■  miles  away,  the  l)rii;lit  elilf  is  seen  ii  little 
flpv  hill  a  width  of  Deslinetion  Island  to  ll<  ea-^l  vv  :ii'd.  and  •lames  Island  at  <,)iiillilinte  Point 
t^'i.  M  time  widths  of  the  Island  to  the  wesi  -ard.  Over  the  lirifilit  elitVs  of  .Miliey  Island  the. 
Mil     III'  seen  at  their  highest  poiiil. 

I  I  ins  sliL;hll\- pioiectini;  head  is  hold  and  eoiispieiiiiiis  fioiii  ale  ni;  the  shores;  the  color  is  dark 
III  ilie  material  coiijilomorate;  the  elilf-.  on  the  seawaid  face  are  impassable.  North  of  tln^ 
i|iil  1  lie  shore  can  be  \\  alked  and  climbed,  with  ccilaiii  delniirs  lliroiii;li  the  forest.  'I'lie  elilfs, 
ir|ilaMhe  head,  are  yellowish  el. ly.  Tlieie  mi;;hl  lieanchora^;e  iimler  I  loli  I  lead,  but  the  ap- 
dn  lies  aie   tilletl  with  low  sioil.i  ii  mkAs.  stretching  oni  as  lar  as  one  mile  south  by  west  from  the 

SikI.     Oilier  locks  lie  lietwei'ii  il  and  the  North    I  Jock,  and  a  lar-c  cluster  lies  olf  t  he  South  (Mill' 
iir  -.liallow  lia\ . 

//((   I'irhiiix  It'll/,  two  hundred   \arils  in  e\ieiil,  lies  one  and  oneei;;htli  miles  west  half  south 
V    '  S.l  from  the  head.      Il  is  lai;;i'  and  j.ijiued. 

Ill  luecii   this  reef  and   the  shoii'  is  a  \isible  rock   and  two  simkeii  mcks  near  it       It  is  a  daii- 
^ri"i>  liicalil,\ .      I'cikins  reef  is  a  low.  bald  i--li'l  about  t\\riily  feel  abip\  e  I  he  sea. 

'I'liree   and   one  half  miles  west    liom    lloli    Head    the  depth  of  water  is  llfteeii    fathoms,  and 
iiir  111  I  )i'.s|  ruction  Island  t'le  Imttom  is  iiiiite  iiiiifoini  after  passing;  North  Hock. 
U      flir  Licouraphical   |iosiliiinof  the  e\licmil.\  of  Huh    llcnl.  as  determined  b\  tlu'  I  .  S.  ( 'oast 
i!  ' lelic  Sin  \  fy,  is  : 

l.:ililinli- 47     1'.     i:     iiMrlli. 

Luiifiitililr IM     -,".1     :!."i     wi'st. 

I  lie  iiearesi  points  to  the  iiortiiwest  are  Teahwhit  I  lead,  ei;;lil  and  oiielliird  miles  north 
4x  .'lie  decree  west  iN.  (11  \\'.),  and  the  liii,'li  and  notable  James  Island,  just  southeast  of  lli(< 
6ir      iiile  Kiver  mi  the  same  bearing;  and  ten  and  I  w  o  i  hiids  miles  distant. 

I  h,ili  lull  I'rii'l;.- 'I'wo  miles  north  norlhwest  fnnn  lloh  Head,  in  the  liif,dit  of  .Mcxaiider  Island, 
(|i'    hi)   is  broken  down   by  the  pass.i;;e  of  the  ('hah  lalt  (reek,  a  very  small  slieain  with  narrow 
iiM  s|,its  mi  either  side,  and  a  blnlf  biliind  the  soiitli  spit.     This  stream  can  be  forded. 

I  lie  III  i^lit  elilfs  .lie  broken  ilow  n  and  wooded  for  half  a  mile  south  of  the  creek  :   to  the  iiorlli- 

I'l  ilie\  eontiiiiio  bri^^ht  ami  nnbroki'ii  for  three  miles, and  risetoone  Inimlred  and  mie  hiindred 

III  1  ueiity  feet  alxne  the  water,  \  ith  beaclies  here  and   there.     The  outline  is  much  broken,  and 

Hi  heads  and  oiitlyiii;;  rocky  isl   Is,  wooded  above  their  steep  sides,  line  the  shore  at  distances 

11'  I  iirj  line  and  :i  half  miles  !>oia   the  shore.     These  piculiar  islets  laii^e  Ifom  one  hundred  .iiul 

1 1  II  to  twenty  live  fee'. 

I  •  I'liiilir  Ixliniil. — This  modeialel.\  lii;ili,  b.iie  island  lies  jiist  twn  miles  north  lift\  tue  de;,'rees 

'      \    ...1     \V.)  frmii  Hull   Iliad  and  se\eii  and  Iwo  llnids  miles  north  Iwcntyseveii  decrees  west 

\\.)  from   the  .soiiili  point  of  I  >cstriictimi    Island.     .\llhoii;;h   llrs   Island   is  far  inside  the 

lli^'   il  ionises  of  vessels  on  I  he  Coast,  and  has  visible  and  hidden  il;iii;;eis  mnside  of  it,  yet  it  is  a 

w     iiiiij,'iii/ed  object  from  seaward. 

lis  ;;ieatest  li'ii^;th  is  four  Imiidred  and  lifly  \aids  westiim  IliwesI  and  east  southeast  and  its 
b:  liii  about  one  hundred  and  eii;lil,\  sards,  li  is  une  liiiinlied  and  twenty  one  feel  above  the 
Hi       I   le  and  nearly   Hat  topped   with  sleep  side;..     Allhoii^h  but  one  mile  from  the  shore,  Net  in 

II  .iiid  smoky  weather   it    is  seen  st.indiii;; mil    jirmiiiiientls   trmn  the  In  ii;htei  elilfs  as  il  were  a 

milai    to   Deslnicl Island   in  ficiieral 


f" 


lislanci'  from  the  shme 


1 1      is    SI 


nailer    bill    \  ci  \    si 


ii.inci 


Til 


'le  are  llilee  sinil.i  II   KiiA.s   in 


ilstei    iiia:l\   a  hall    null'  sunlh  of  111      islet.     One 


i    '     P 


'     p 


TTTT 


»l 


ifr » 


ill' 


M' 


I.  J 


■)()2 


I'Aciric  COAST  ni.oT. 


ami  one  ci^'litli  miles  iioitli  si\lv  seven  (ie;^iees  west  (N.  >'<'  W'.t  tVoin  tlie  iinrtli  piiint  nl'  llir  i>l,.i 
llieri'  is  a  )(i(/,  (iinish  al  lu\\  walei,  and  liallwaN  lielweeii  il  ami  llie  i^let  is  a  small  rnek  I  .um:\ 
li\f  feet  lii;;li.  Iiisiile  ami  to  llie  noil  ii\\  anl  ol  tills  ilanuer  are  Iwo  small  idclvv  iiias^c -.,  nn, 
lorlyl'iMir  ami  tlie  otlur  seveiit\  I'mir  feet  liiuli. 

The  Kill  chill  irliili    1,'irir  is  a  small  sImmiii   luca'ciii^  llinMi;ili   the  elills  alimil  one  ami  ilm, 
liUirtlis  miles  mirtliwcsl    li\    noiih   iVuin    .\le\amler   Island.      Il    lireaUs  sliai  |(1,\  lliioiii;li  tin' ,li||. 

It  is  alioni  one  mile  east  of  'I'o-le  ak    Point.      It  empties  between  two  elills  ulueh  aii',ilini| 
one  linndreil  I'eet  lii,:.;li  and  eo\cied  willi  Icirests  to  the  edue,  so  thai  the  ii\er  is  inaeeessiiiji-  iii.ii 
the   l>eai'hes  outside.      .\   sliiut    distance  alio\e   its    mouth    the  stream   divides  into  twn-i  ,  ,, 
neither  of  wliieli  is  iia\  if;al)le.     On  tin-  westerl\   liiluitaiy  there  is  a  heaiitifnl  waterfall. 

TO  I  K  AK    I'l'INT    AM)    lIOfNDKI)    ISl.AML 

Ten  miles  noilli    thirt\  tour  de},'rees  west    (N.^ll      W.)  from   the  south   jioinl  of   Dc^ii  in  ;i,.i 


all  narrow  point  with  a  knoUnt  the  e.\ti'emit.\,  a  sharp  slope  to  sea 


Uillll.     IIM 


Island  there  is  : 

;;i'nlle  slope  to  the  neek  inside.     Outside  of  this  is  a  threat  hare  reef  wiili  a  lii^li  wondeil  i>!ci  mii. 

hundred  and  t  weiii.v  h\  e  .\  aids  in  e\t»'nt,  as  the  western  limit.     There  are  two  houses  on  ihe  lu.ini. 


1' 


oin  tlie  ai>proat 


li,\    land   this  ])oint   with   its  outl,\  in^  ro 


is  (iiiite  |iroiiiiiieiii.  I'lij  imi 


so  niiieli  so  a     me  lieadlamls  to  Mie  norlliw est  ward. 

Close  iiiidei  ihe  south  side  of  the  extleiiiily  of  the  point  where  t he  elitl  breaks  down  iIhv, 
are  tun  Indian  huts  where  the  Indians  lan<l  their  canoes  in  modi'iale  wealher.  I'his  plai  >'  is  tiiil 
of  siiiikeii   locks  and  rocks  awash,  and   it  is  dan;,'eroiis  to  a|iproach  in  rouj:h  weather. 

Till'  point  is  \\ell  marked  li\  li'iiiniili  il  hhuul.  which  is  a  ;irassy  rock  neailv  round,  oiu  luri 
drcd  \  .lids  ill  diameier  and  one  hnndred  and  I  went\  nine  leet  hijili:  it  has  \er\  steep  snlo. 


I' 
It  lies  onis  li.ilf  a    mile   outside   ol   To  le  ak    I'oiiil,  but    is   readih  ieco''ni/,rd    Iroi 


1    >e.n,:ih 


Two  ijiiids  of  a  mile  south  b\  east  (S.  bv  I!,  i  from  it  there  is  a  low  black  rock  foilv  or  lil'i\  >a..U  m 
extent. 

K'oiiiiilcil  Island  is  ten  miles  iioilh  tliirt.\  ei;;lit  decrees  west  iN.  -IS  W'.i  iroiii  the  soiiili  |i,iiM 
of  Itestruclioii  Island. 

Till  (liinils  (I iiiri jimil. — This  is  a  ^^ronp  or  cluster  of  rocks,  some  bare  and  some  uoodnl  ui, 
lo)i.  I  islli;;  from  ei;:lit  \  ci;;lil  to  two  hum  I  led  .Hid  t  welve  feci  abo\  e  the  sea.  Tliey  he  cIom'  iii,.1i  r 
the  liif,'li,  wooded  blillls  which  reach  northward  for  three  miles  Iroiii  near  the  Keh  clicii  u  lull 
Kiver.     One   rcseinbh's   a   church,  another   is  double  jieakcd,  elc.     Thev  reach   out    ihmiIv  ImIi' .i 


mile  llolll   li 


e  lie.icli.  a 


!id  the  f.iithcsi  daii;;cr  is  three  qiiarlers  of  a  mile  Iroiii  shore.     Tie 


\   .lie  I  ir 


inside  the  com-c  of  an\   vessel 


It  isbeluxi'd  111. It  il  was  in  this  imiiu'dialc  \iciiiity  tli.it  a  Spanish  \csscl  was  wicrKi.!  m.l 
all  of  the  persons  upon  Ini-  e\eipi  nine  nieii  and  oi  e  winn.in  were  in.issacred.  I'lic  -iir\  i\nis  wnv 
taken  into  shi\  I'ry.  At  (i>uiiiiau!l,  in  Is.s?,  the  ;;raiiiisoii  of  the  chief  pieseiil  ai  thai  massacre  w;is 
siill  IniiiK  as  an  old  man  lalled  Capit  ui.  Ills  father  ami  (,'ir.ndfatlier  boic  tlie  same  naiiie.  i-  ii 
It  had  a  distiiiel  comieclion  with  the  tajredy. 

Triiliicliil  iliiiil. — This  is  .1  sharp,  h  )hl,  hut  noi  promineni    point,  \\  mil;  inside  the  line  lu  :■■..•  •■ 


I)e-tiuctioii  Island  and  .l.imes  Island.     It  lies  Ihiitceii  miles  mulh  lorl\  l(Mir  d 


CLirccs  We 


si     N.  II 


\V.)  from  the  south  pi«inl  of  Oesu  iiclnui  Island,  and  I  ^^■i  and  a  half  miles  sonlli  .sixty  one  de.;i. 


■<t  (S.  C,\'  v..)  \ 


roin  .lami 


Island.      It  Is  an   irre-nlar,  ia; 


doiib! 


e  point,  leachiii"'  oiii   1 


a  mile  Irom  till'    ;;enei.il    curve  of  the   coastliiii'.      1'.m\\    piiiiit    IS   narrow  and  prccipiloii>. 
klllfe-ed;.'e  on  lop.  w  hich  Is  one    hiindied    feel    liij^li  :    behind    lliese    sharp  I'llll-    'he   p(Mnt  ;- 
oln    Iiumlred  aim  tills    feel   hi;,'h,  and  hc,i\il\    wooded    behind  Ihe  dead  trees  on  t  he  Itoiit  cil 

The  clill    IS  coaiiioscd   of  dark   con;,doiiieiale.      There  are   110  known  il.in^^eis   iminedi.i  ' 
iliis  point. 

The  Indian  name  is  Te  ali'w  hit  (accent  on  ah  1,  w  Inch,  in  the  ( 'hiiiook  i,ii;;on,  sl;;iiilic-. 

Till  1 1  III!  li  Ill/Ill  II  li'iii  /,.— Half  wa\  between  Tealiw  In  I  Head  and  .lames  Island,  at  the  iiioiillioi  in 
(.biiHihule  l.i\ei.  Iherc  Is  a  mi;,  i  mi^ed  clilf  slreleliin;;  oiil  sbuhlly  from  the  line  of  w  oodcil  Mull. 
rwothirds  of  a  mile  oil   the 


are  elills  is  a  cluster  ol   se\en 


h    loiks    islets,  se\  en  l"W  011 


ami  a  sunken  rock.     Two  of  the  inner  isleis  h.i\e  hei;:lits  of  one  hundreil  and  niiiels  I  wo  r 
liniidr«d  .tiid  twenty  three  feet,  and  the  latter  islet  is  wooded. 

IIuntiii;,Moii  Ul;ind  is  the  oulermosi    lar!.;e  is'.  ■\  and  is  abi  iil  one  hundred  and  ei;;litN  >  i' 
eslciit,  has  marl,\    \  cilieal  siiles.  a  Mat  lop.  and  bnre.    o  is  o;ie    hundred  and  thirty  live  feel  ii  -' 
yiii'lehiiiu  one  Ihinl  mile  soiilheast  ward  tioin  Huntington  Islet  is  a  line  of  rocks;  two  of  tliom  .in 


'*! 


•|"( 


lit   oT  II:..  i^i,., 
1    I'lcU   I  A('!i!\ 

\       lllil.s.Ms.     ,,||. 

'Ill'  :iHc|   till,  , 
ill.Ull   lllf  I'lill-, 

lil'll     MIC   jillll  ; 
(■«'(";>lli|r   III, I 
>    two  slMMlil- 

I'all. 


if  l>r>lri|i  ;;,,- 
'•:n('iiiil,  ii:u  ., 
Miclnl  l.sli't  mil 

S  <lll  lllC  IMIIIII 
lilll'lll,    llllt    linl 


I 


;s  (liiWM  III, !, 

is  pl;iri.  K  In: 
i'. 

11111(1,    on,      '; 
')>    Sillivs, 

tViirii   .MMi.ii.i 
r  lit'lN  >:i,  !-   • 

ic  siiiilli  |i,ii'  ! 


I-H 


IIIC  Wiioilnl  III 

lie  cliiM'  iii,,li'i 

vrll  fiirh  •    ':. 

Ill', II  \\    l.iii 

'I'lli'S    ,ii,>  I  i\ 

s  uii'i-k,  ■!   i;i.i 
-IU\  l\  Ills  \ir|, 
lli;iss:lrri-  U.I- 
lie  liaiiii'.   1- 

1-  line  lii-i  u,., 
.s  wrst  iN.  U 
l\  (ilii    '  ' 
U'^  mil 
|iitciu-.  V 
|Miini  ;■ 
riiMt  c'l 
iiiiii'ili.i  ' 


lj;llllir>   ■ 
<'  lllolltll  oi  I'l' 
VMinilr,!   '"'hI' 
•vrll   ImW   ••    ■  -. 
\    tun  ,1 

ijjlily  \  II 

live  Ci'cl 

u>  (il  tli'Nri  ,11' 


t.    .VA 


il  if' 


HBin. 'i.fn       ii„i_  iiiiiglawp^rtrti 


liiHtriu'tiiiii  IkIhihI, 


.:-->^^ 


-      ••"'    ■    ■x.-f  ■ 


^•w^r-^w^.^r*'' 


'I'hr.'.-  vii'ws  ii(  C.i^i^i.  :ippi.,:u'liniK  tlif  (^iilli 


Mountaiiifi  of  Vhi.    ,-■  ;  l-lmid.  C'aki- IsI.hmI.  llhirri. 

('«ll..:l    W.H-k,   -."IM   f,.,  ■  t'lipi'  .llllllisnil. 

I'iiniaclc  K.nk.  I'JO  IVcl-  (up.  1  l.ni.  'v.  NNW'..  :ir  iiiiicM, 


""**|B(, 


l>iHtriii'tiiiii  IkIhihI,  itd  fi'Kt,  N.  Iij  K,  ^  K...  lU  iiuIi'h. 


I'f  i'ii:iM,  :ipi.i.,ailini«  {\\<-  (^iiilli> lit.-  Kiver  fmiii  Ihi'  S<iiitli(>iisl. 


gTJ  nram>  .111   my  ^ ,  — — --^^^^  j^^^ ipjaaamTaM 


;::.::.  ^rv^^'^'-*>.y;:i.^^-^*.£ri,y'y'-: 


Vmlliyul.-  Maud  iiml  Uivr.  N.  4  W.,  In  niil.-s. 


.,1 


1' 


wgp 


.  ■! 


iii;i(Vi/Vv 


L-j- JtiMui'-i  ■■-j.^jii.i  ij.Bm  .ujLijmwf '-'-"•-■'!'ni:/ag'  y  *■.'!■ 


;^3i 


Hi 


m 


MlllUllll^l^  mC  \'a 

Ciiiim!]   K.iiK.  •."Ill  iVi 

riiiiiaclc  KcM  k,  l-.'i;  1.  .1.  (  ii|ii 


TACII  ic    COASI'    IMI.nl'. 


r)03 


I  V  ,iMii  imil  ScM'lilN  lliirc  tcci  lil;;|j.  Iliicc  ;iic  Inw.iiiil  lihii'K,  Mini  il  I  liil'il  lil;;li  inic  Cilllt'd  tlic 
,  lililllr  Ni'i'tllc  l>  llii'  riiiisl  (li>|;iiil.  1 1  IS  Mill  in  n  lliirl>  li\i'  li  rl  in  iliMiiicIcl'  illlil  i>  rlH;lll\-(lirt'r 
I  III  lirli;lif,  MiMliillli;:  ll|>  iii';irl,\    M'llir.il  In  llii'  v|i,u  |i  ;i|>i'\.      Tii  llic   iichIIiuisI  oI    (lie  I  liintili;;- 

II  l.'iirk  llirii'  ;iir  I'lM'  l<>\t  lilark  riirks  rracliiii};  nut  tiii(''i|iiai liT  ol  ii  mile  ami  oiif.  .siiiikcii  nwk 
I  licMiiiil  I  111'  Hiilri  IIII1.--I  one. 

■nti-  (,u'ii.i  null':  imvkk. 


'Ill 


I'miii  Hull  llrail  Id  llir  liiiilll  li  iiC  this  K'lM'rtlic  ;;i'iirl:il  iliii'ilioM  of  tin- riiasi  lliii'  is  Mortlr 
M,  I  l.\  vM'.sl  hall'  wr.sl  (N\V.  In  W.  .\  \V.)  Cur  (ni  anil  two-lliinls  miles.  .Iiisl  nmlii  id'  Hull 
III, III  llii'  >liiiir  ifiTiIrs  1(1  till'  mu'liiraHt  wani  ol   the  aliiivc  coiiisf'  iirail.v  I  wo  miles  ami  is  ^;iiari|etl 


li\  mam  tucks 


ami  iiiikv   inIiIs  alfeailv  <le.srriln'il. 


rliieliliai Ill   llii'  l.'iM'i'ls   iraililv  maile  mil  lis   I  lie  remai  kalile  |M'iiilisiila  al  t  lie  sniil  li  siile 

n'    :  ill'  li'iv  el. 

I  Ills  pell  insula  is  a  liiuli  meky  lieail  Im  ineil,  in  I'aei .  nl'  mie  I  ii;;e  ami  tliiee  sniallei  islets,  liaviii;; 
lii-li  >lee|i  illlls  aiiiiiml  eaili  m,.  ami  ei)\  eieil  witli  niei;iiii  |iiiie.  The  liii;;er  one  is  sliy;litly  tin' 
lii-liti  ami  uses  prolialilv  one  liiimlieil  ami  tweni  \  li\  e  I'eel  aluiMtlie  sea.  'I'lie  l,ii;;er  islet  anil 
I '.Ml  III  I  lie  smaller  mies  are  eon  nee  lei  I  v\  illi  llie  inainlaml  liv  a  liiw  u  aler  islliinii .  ;  the  tliiril  is  a 
lilil itsiili'.      .\t  the   lime  III'  the  lami   siii\e\   the  islels  ui>ie  altai'lietl  In  the  main  sliiiie  liy  low 


iJV  i>tliinilse.s,  but  ill   ISs;  ihes 


as  ilesei  ilieil.     'I'liese   iiulalile  laiiilmaiks  are  verv  reaililv 


II I  ii;:iii/eil  lieeaiise  tlie  slime  line  lielilml  tlieiii  I'lir  iieail.N  a  mile  In  the  mnthui'st  ami  a  mile  tii  tlio 
-i.iiilieasi  is  a  lii'iiail.  hare  s.iimIn  lie.nli,  ami  the  valley  ul'  the  <,»iiilliliiile  i;i\  er,  altliiiii;;li  liea\'ily 
»iiiiileil.  is  liiu   ami  tial.  ami  reeeiles  ■.niiiru  hat. 

Tlie  laiuesi  Islet,  imw  ealleil  .laims  Islanil,  is  lifteeii  ami  niie  half  miles  miilli  I'liity  seven 
ill  :.iri'S  \\est  (  N.  17  W .)  fl  i<m  the  siiiith  piiiiil  ol'  I  )esti  net  ion  I  si, mi  I,  ami  I  liiee  and  three  i|nai  ters 
iiiijis  -Miiilh  lliiilN  eiL;lil  ili'mees  east  (,S.  :;.s  !■;.)  Ii'iiin  Cape  .luhnsnn.  It  is  well  iiisiile  all  the 
I'li'iiiliielit  lnj;li  i.slels  alon;4  this  part  ol  I  he  eoast,  alllioii::li  there  are  no  know  n  oiltl\  iii^t  ilaiij;ers. 
. I  inns  |s|,inil   is  liiu'h,  liolil,  ami  wiinileil,  ami   is  eiiniiieleil  with  the  mainlaml  at  low  water.     'I'lio 

11  each  olhei,  as  seen  when  a   vessel  is  liioail  oil' shore,  ami  tliev 


I  lliel  n  i-lels  III    I  his  lieail  o\  i 


,iii'  I  ol  ipiiie  so  hit;li  as  till'  soiuhern  ami  lar;;ei'  islet.     In  the  •.eawaril  I'aee  of  the  larj;ei  one  ami 


;i:    'h 


e  soiiiherii  part    tlicie   IS  a  ea\i'   wliieli  we  m 


itieeil    ill    ISCiT,      I  iisiile  of  these  islels  tliere  is  ii 


I. II 


{iriiiiisiila  of  I  wo  saml  ilniies  three  i|iiarlei's  of  a   mile  Ion;;  north    ami   sniiih,      Heliinil   this   is  a 
je  la;:ooti  formiii;;  part  of  the  river  hasiii  whieli  o|)ens  to  the  norlhwanl  iimleithe  liii^li  wooileil 
ilVs.     Sometimes  the  liver  has  openetl  lo  ihe  snnthwanl. 
Iiisiile  of  this   loll;;-  saml  waste,  ami  at    its  sonthein   part,  the  shore  is  low  ami  ^;rassy  with  :i 

piiml  twenty  feet  lii;;li  Jiist    in    fioiiithe    lil;;li  w  ater  imil  k.     On    tl eali   siile  ami  'aee  of  this 

iiniil   is  the   Imlian  villia;;e  of  Lapiish.     (»n   the  top  are  the  traders'  house  and   stores.     Two 


leil  vards  hehinil   the  \  illa;;e  is  the  ed^e  ol   the   forest. 


At  the  time  of  Ihe  land   siirveN   the  mouth  of  the  ri 


\ er  was  t Wo  111 


.lliil  llie  depth  of  water    live  to  si\    feet.      .Si|lisei|Uelil  Iv    ihe  wiiltll  of  the 
u.is  lepiiiii'd  to  lie  sevelil.v   vards  with  a  swift  eiirieiit. 


imlied  and  lifty  yards  wide 
iver,  hall  a  mile  inside, 


III  1- 


I  he  nv  fl ,  a> 


it   entered  the  ocean,  was  oiih  sixtv  live  vards  wide,  hut  inside  of  this 


vv;is  the  lai^je  hiuooii,  and  into  the  la;;oon  the  eoniliined  mouths  of  the  \>iiilliliuti'  and  Dickodoch- 
till. 11    lliveis  eiileied. 

riieir  coiiiIiiiu'iI  width  was  three  hnmlri'd  and  ei;,'lity  yards,  the  I  )ii'kiiiloi'li  tedar  hein;;- alioiit 
liliv  yards. 

Till  Cm-,  under  .limes  Island,  or  (,>inllilinte  Head,  allonls  a  slight  shelter  in  muthwest  winds 
in  three  ami  um-  h.ilf  to  I'mir  I'.ilhoms  water  over  sandy  linllom.  In  such  uealher  ihe  Indians 
l.iiim-h  their  caiioi'.-,  in  ihis  cove.  In  suiilheasl  weather  tliev  laud  on  t  he  outer  lieacli  north  of 
ill'  head.     The  cove  is  tliiee  ipiai  Icis  nl   a  mile  wide  from  .lames  Island  soiitheasl  liy  east  to  tin 


h    ja;,'L;en    elill.s    alileasi    of   Illllltlll'.;'im     I; 


oeu.  am 


I    Is  half  a  mill'  iliep  lo  a  Iniiu',  broad,  sandy 


'ich  wi  h  a  ii.>.  Iiaek 


inlrv   foi'iiiiii;;-  p.irl   of  the  vallev  of  the  <>»uilliliii 


le   l;iver. 


Tl 


lere  are  no 


viinvMi  di  ii'^i'i^    ,    this  (  ove,  and  it  has  lieeii  used  liv   otter  liinilcis  .iinl  liailcr- 


W 


leii  ,.  VI  s, 'I  is  a  short  distance  olV  the  <'oast  abreast  <,>iiillilinli',  the  smoke  from  the  villaiie 


-  seen  !';;■. II, st  (  le  dai'l 
'111'  half  west     I 


;reen   ol   the   lir 


hills  lievoml.      When  . I. lines  Island  lie. lis  north 


en   miles  ilisiaiil,   il    i 


s  seen  as  a   low. 


liMi".  black    islet    with  liiuher  wooded 


mil 


bi'voiid  ami  Ihesiill  fail  her  oM  and  liiul 


let  moiiiitain.^ 


mmcdialelv  son 


theast  of  it  is  the  dark,  low, 


ded   poliil   fniiiiiti;;  d,,.  south  side  of  Hi 


e  liiver,  am 


I  still  latthei  southeast  the  Tealivv  hit  lleiul. 


Ti: 


H 


M 


..^... 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


l^|2£    |2.5 
^  ^    |2.2 

m 


V] 


.%. 


'^^^; 


.^ 


> 


"^ 


'/ 


/A 


fliotographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


93  'WfSf  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  MStO 

(716)  •72-4S03 


A 


^ 


i 


1 


A 


504 


I'Arii'ic*  roAsT  Pii.MT. 


:  '>i        1 


»     .1 


l,:'V 


I      .iiinl 


From  tlic  saiito  point  of  view,  ontsidi' of  tltc  Islaml  ait>si'«'n  flio  bills  of  ('ii|n>  I'latlcrv.  ,,||, 
wliii-li  ami  iiiiii'li  lii;:lM>r  rvtcnil  tin-  lii^'li  iiiiiiiiitaiiis  nl'  \  ani'oiivri'  Islaiitl  u  itii  ( 'arinll  l>laiii  iii,. 
the  western  iioitil  tliereiir  aiitl  I'iiinaele  K'oeK  close  iiii  its  outer  side.  I'iiit  wlieii  .lames  I  t„|  : 
seen  l)eariiip:  iioitli northeast  si\  miles,  it  Htanils  out  well  detiiied  as  two  Islets,  tin'  ,||, 
appearing  elose  mi  tlie  west  ot  the  larger,  ami  liotli  nearly  as  lii;;h  as  the  wooded  liiil~ 
A  low  f,'ap  appeal's  on  the  east  sidi'  of  ih"  head,  and  then  ste»'p,  woodeil  shores. 

We  ]>as.sed  witliin  two  miles  of  these  foeks  in  1S(!7. 

Outside  cit  these  la  lid  mat  ks  are  seiMi  on  the  hiui/oii  Cape  l''latterv  at  a  distanee  of  tliii ' 
miles,  with  i'aMoll  and  nthei'  rocks  near  Cape  .lidinson  inside,  and  the  I'latterv  roeks  ( 
One  mile  outside  of  these  Iock.\  and  wooded  Islets  the  l'ec(iniiaissaiiee  chart  o!  |.S.">'_'  '^\\vn  .sei 
in  seventeen  .iiid  ei;:liteeii  fathoms  of  water  over  sands  Itoitoni. 

The  ;reo;:iaidiical  posiliiui  of  the  western  point  of  .lames  Island,  or  «^»iiilliliiite  II 
•lefermilled  !»>  the  I'.  S.  Coast  and  Ceodetic  Siiixey.   is; 

l.aliliiilr 47     r>l    II-     iiiirlli. 

l.<iin;ltilili' I-JI     :i'.i    :iv,«     wcHt. 


II  ■lill" 


Or.  Ill  liiiii' 


-h   l-n,  :i.vi. 


Ill  .lannai;.,  I"<s,"(.  the  ma<;iietie  variation  was  \1'2    .Ti'east,  with  a  yearly  increase  of  \   >< 

The  <,>iiilliliiite  is  the  lai;;est  liver  cinptyiii;:  upon  the  sealioard  of  NVashinjiton  Teiriii" 

ll  rises  tlfteen  miles  to  the  north  northeast,  iiiider  the  hi;,'li  llaiikin;^  masses  ol' the  ( )|\  r  |,ii> 
Mountain,  that  reach  prol)alil,\  a  liei;;lit  ot'  tive  thousand  feet.  There  are  three  Inanclies.  ni  uhli 
the  northeriifiiost  enters  the  <^>n:llj|iiite  nearly  at  the  mouth. 

The  lower  part  of  the  ri\er  can  lie  navi^rated  liy  small  river  steamers,  it  has  a  strmiL: ''iiMint 
Mild  such  volume  of  water  that  it  can  not  lie  lorded.  At  one  time  it  emptied  lietwecii  .fnns 
Inland  and  tli«>  (jiiillihiite  villaj^e. 

The  s<'|iooiier  connected  with  the  trading;  post  anchors  in  the  cove  east  of  .lames  IsI.iimI  n 
smooth  weather;  if  a  swell  comes  up  she  is  compelled  to  seek  an  oiling;. 

The  clitfs  of  the  l.tiiillihiile  l>lets  are  pri-cipitoiis  and  composed  of  a  dark  coii;,doiiier.ili 

There  is  a  ;;ood  site  lor  a  life-saviiij;  statltMi  here. 

The  river  w;i>  lirsi  known  as  the  Kwil  lehynl  li\  the  Chelialis  Indians,  and  the  Kw  iiieetiil  ..r 
Kwi  del'  111!  liy  ilie  .Miikk.iws.  The  tiilie  occiipyiii;:  this  river  speak  a  lan):na;;e  entirely  di>i:'iil 
fioiii  the  Miikkaws  and  tlie'i'sj  heli  lis.  We  lielie\e  this  is  the  liver  where  the  crew  and  oi!  ■  is 
of  one  ot'  the  explo'iii;;  lioatsof  the  liiiiirriiil  /'.'nf/Zc  under  Captain  l'.<'rkel_\  were  innrdeied  in  l>; 

In  the  SiiiiiliMiiii.in  Ciintnlinlioiis  to  Kiiowled;re,  L'L'd,  it  is  referred  to  as  K  wille'\  iiir  imm 
t.iiies;  ill  1S."(7  it  was  wiittiii  K w  il  leh' ynte  l.y  (lililts;  on  the  Chart,  <i<>.'l,  it  is  <,>uiMe\  iili-,  I 
this  is  nsc«l  until  ISTD,  wIicm  it  is  ;:i<  en  on  the  (Iciieral  liandUDice  map  as  (,Mi1ll\liiili'.  ou 
present  co;i«t  cliari    it  is  <,>uillihnte. 

The  Indian  \illa;,'e  we  have  iiu'iiUoiied  is  very  likely  the  8t(M!kaded  village  relcricd  i  ■  li\ 
.Meares  in  .Inly,  ITSS. 

Itiil  tli<iiii:li  ilic'  \  illiiyc  "f  (^iii'iMiliitlii'  WietiilmciiriMl  rrnni  iiiir  vlrw,  wp  coiilil  plain  1\  iliTcrii  llif  li>w  ii  iil  </'!■■ 
till,  »  Im  ll  i«ili-laiil  Iriirv  il  alimil  wviii  cir  iinlil  iiiili-.-.      ll  is  viliwiti  il  mi  .i  ln;;li  |iii  |"iiiljriil:u  imU,  loitl  i-  i 
li\    a    iMiliiw    .iiiil    iiii|ii.nii:ililr  ■  aiisi  \»ii\ .  Iwiiil  \     ful    I'l  liij^lil  liillir   iiiaiiihiiiil.  »  lin  li    is  :ui  ilitil'i'   lini-l       " 
lilll   ;;lllssrs  «r  iiIim'IMiI  :i  Iliilllll  llilr  of   Iiiiiimn  srllllrlcil  nVil    tin'  I'arr  iif  llir  nii  k. 

TelieiikolV  ilesi;:iiates  t he  (.•iiilliliiite  as  the  I'.ay  and  h'iver  of  the  Martyrs.  McMofia-  Ins 
the  saint;  name,  'i'lie  Indian  .Xj^eiit  at  (,)iiiiiianlt  inlbrms  us  i  ISSTi  that  the  Indian  mII.i;.-<  >.i» 
forinerly  located  as  dcscriliod  liy  Meares, 

North  of  the  t^iiillihiite  K'lvei  the  shoreline  has  a  narrow  low  water  beach,  ami  a  nan  ■« 
lii{;li  water  lieach  under  the  steep  wooded  Idnlfs  tor  two  miles  to  the  northwest.  Twdthiids  m  .i 
iiiiU;  aliov<<  the  (,>iiilliliiite,  a  ver>  small  stream  Wreaks  down  the  liliilf.  hut  it  docs  not  cut  its  »  l^ 
throllUli  the  Iteaclies. 

Cull  A'rx/,.— 'I'wo  and  one  ei;,'litli  miles  north  sixty  three  decrees  west  (N,(l,'>  W'.M'ioiii  im 
nolalile  lie:ids  at  the  mouth  of  the  <,>uilliliute  lliver,  there  is  a  lai;;e,  llat,  rocky  islet  standin;:  "  »' 
and  a  third  iiiiIch  from  the  shore.  It  presents  the  .same  appear:) nee  from  all  directions,  .imi  i 
conspieiioiis  landmark  known  to  all  the  masters  of  \'es,sels  on  this  <  oast. 

It  is  two  hiindied  \ards  loii^  northwest  and  southeast,  on«  linndre<l  Mirds  hroad,  ami  i'M> 
liiindred  and  sixteen  feet  in  lieij;ht,  with  ver\  steep  sides  and  a  ief;nlarand  grassy  top  w  Imli 
rises  into  a  sli;,dit  round  mound  in  the  ini.hlle  altont  twenty  leet  lii;,'h.  Halfway  lietwceii  it  .mi 
tlie  nearest  shore  is  a  .jiiK;,'«'d  rocky  mass  <d   nearly  the  same  area  and  lisini;  to  luie  hnmlrcd  ami 


;!  1.^ 


I  ?■' 


M 


h    I; 


IS 


(^iiilliN  lit!'  Mill  >1  iiiwl  Kiv.T,  NNK.,  !'■  iiiil'ifc 


■•j,..-»  -    .:,>• 


'■iwi'iW— <iR.  y»i«i!W«*i«l  ffl!i«»^(B^  ,^ 


^ 


KhilliiN   ll.iiks,  Wl  inil<'-<.  Carn.ll  l»liinil,  •-•(ilM.'.-l. 

(  .tp.'  1'l.ilK'r.v,  N.h.N  W.  J  \V..  ;i.l  iniW-H. 

t',i|ii'  .loliiiwiM,  -J  mill"* 


Ciiko  iRlnnd,  IKUwt. 


Ill 


I'll 

ll-lll 

mil 

Sllll 

.1  Mi: 


I  1 


!     I 


r 


re: 

lllll 


i;>M  I 

Willi 

II  1' 
lll-I 
lll> 

MTI 
ll.lM' 


mill 

Hi      ll 

lilW  , 

.1  mi 


h    I,' 


MMI 


.:V 


■A  \  i 


lie- 

lilii 
0|, 
til. 
.1  )i 
III! 
lllll 
llii 


I'AciKic  cDAsi    ni.M'i'.  6()r> 

II, :i It'  Itrt  alM)vc  tilt'  s«'i».     WIm'ii  seen  Iroiii  tin-  iinitli  finl  iil'  Dcsl ruction  Island,  ('iikc  Im1:iiiiI 

i,  >,  ,11  iiiiisiili  of  lliinlini;ttiii  Kixk  (one  IiiiiuIitiI  iind  lliirt,vliv<>  IVft  IiIkIii  aiiil  the  <,>iiilljliulc 
II,     I  ,  nr  , I. lines  Isliiiiil. 

I  !irs  sfvt'iilnn  iinil  out'  liall' >nilt>H  north  lortv  i'l;;lit  ili*t;ri'i>s  west  (N.  I.s  \\ ,)  tVoin  tin-  south 
,.ii,l  mI  I )f.xt ruction  Isliiiiil  iinil  Tour  and  two  thirds  niih-H  south  t'ortv  two  dci^rt'cs  i-ast  (S.  1:^  i:.) 
li'iiiii  I  :iiii>ll  Ishiiid.  I'roni  ail  :i|i|icaiancfH  thiTi-  is  diM'p  water  around  this  islet.  The  neatest 
mill  Mil,' il.iiiyer  is  a  lar;,'e,  i.iw.  Idael;  rocU,  one  and  on»iei;;hlli  miles  north  twents  nine  dejiiees 
»,,!  N.  _"•  NN.)  Iioin  it,  one  mile  tioiii  the  verv  loek.v  shore,  anil  one  and  oneeij;hlh  of  li  niih' 
si.,i;i,  •iiif  half  west  (S.  .3  \V.)  Ironi  «"a|»e  .lohnson. 

I  III'  rt'eoniiiiissanee  shi'i-t  ol'  IS.'rj  ;;ives  a  depth  of  seventeen  I'athoms  over  sand.v  holloiii,  half 
I  Mi;l''  Hillside  thi;.  islet.      NVe  passed  within  three  lonrths  of  a  mile  <i|'  it  in  IStiV. 

I  I  till'  edition  of  the  Coast  Pilot  in  I.Sdt*  this  roek  was  ealled  Taiile  Ifoek. 

lime  hi^h  i-(M-k.v  piUars  lie  from  one  half  to  one  mile  smith  southeast  of  < 'ape  Johnson  and 
i,i.s|ii'<  iivi'lx  reach  elevations  of  one  hundred  and  seventeen,  two  linndred  and  nine,  and  oiu'  linn- 
iliril  ;.iid  twenty-live  fei't, 

(■\n;  .iiillNSON. 

I  his  IS  a  very  small  head,  hardly  Ineakiny:  the  lon^j  eiirvo  from  Teahwit  Mead  to  Flaftory 
Koi  K>.  It  can  not  he  well  made  out  hy  tiie  vi-.shcIs  paMsin<,'  it  on  the  direct  line  frnm  the  Strait  of 
I  iir  I  III  San  I'ranci.seo.  When  n.  vessel  i.s  Itouiul  in>rMiwestward  from  the  Coliiiidiia  Kixer  or 
Siii'il^^  il>')  l'>iiy,  or  <iiay's  l>av,  this  head  will  stand  out  as  a  low  pnint  Just  lieyoml  .lames  Island 
Hilli  low  :iiid  very  fjently  risiii};  land  to  the  eastward.  I'rom  the  mntliwest ward  a  vessel  will  ,see 
It  |>i<i|it'l>'d  upon  ,laine.s  Island,  .ind  therefore  it  is  not  readily  recogni/.ed,  except  that  it  is  the 
lii>t  one  III' the  lii;:h  elill's  south  of  I'latteiy  l!o<'ks.  The  head  does  not  project  half  a  mile  lieyoinl 
ilii'  .'eiicral  curve  of  the  adjacent  shores  northwest  and  .southeast  of  it,  lint  it  presents  a  nearly 
mi'iiimI,  hare,  rocky  ditV  to  seaward,  with  (he^on  |iiiii>  on  the  top  and  a  mass  of  rocks  otV  the 
li.iM'.  I'liltiiiK  away  all  low  and  hi;;!!  water  iieaehes. 

I'lierc  .>re  several  hi;;h  locks,  the  hijrhest  ones  one  hundred  and  three  tcet  and  one  hundred 
iiiiil  iwciitV'.vcveii  feet  hi^h,  reachiii;;  out  half  a  mile  to  the  west  northwest.  Imiiiediatcly  mitside 
III  ilii'sc  there  are  no  known  hidden  daiijjers.  Hut  lietwecn  it  and  <  ake  liock  there  is  a  ttlusterof 
h>\\.  Iilack  rocks,  and  to  the  northwestward  on  the  line  to  liald  Island  ther«'  are  two  clusters  about 
.1  null'  fioill  the  coast. 

Otitsiile  of  the  Uald  Island  is  Carroil  Island  and  ■la;;i;ed  Island,  two  ami  one  half  miles  west 
\<\  imrth  i\V.  Ii_\  N.)  from  the  Cape,  and  over  two'niiU's  from  the  shore. 

■flic  rlitls  in  the  vicinilv  nt'  the  cape  arc  formed  of  clay  and  con;;lomerato. 

rill'  ^;c(iy:rapli!cal  position  ot  Cape  .lohiison,  as  determined  l>y  the  {' .  8.  Coast  and  Geotlctio 
Sin  \r\ ,  is  as  follows  : 

LalilMilf     IT     .'iT    .V.'    niirtli. 

I...ii;;iliiili- t-'l      11     II-.'     "I'sl. 

(Ii.  ill  liiiir    f"   l'"'    ll'.t. 

Ill  .laniiary,  ISS."),  the  nnifiiu'tii;  variation  was  '22  .'5S'  east,  and  increa.sii:,^  at  the  rate  ot  O'.S 
\i'.irl.\  :  hut  tho  variatimi  has  nearly  reach.  <!  its  maximnm  limit. 

I'niin  ('ape  .lohiison  tiie  following;  l»eai'int;s  and  distaiu'cs  are  y;iven  to  important  ohjecta: 

fliiatilla  Iv'i'cl',  two  mill  ;i  IliII   iiiili^M  .ill   I  lir  t'hilli  i  >   IJiukH     Nil  \V.  1:1^  niili'N. 

•fill' south  , mint  111'  Il.'sliiKlii. 11  Isliiiiil,  iiMT  (^iiilliliiili-  lli'uil S.    ir.  1'..  Ill    mlli'n. 

liii.iv  nil' <;iii>'s  llarliiir S.    II'  l!.  (llij  mill's. 

<a|ii' SliiiahvatiT  t.iijlil-liDiisi'     S.  :tll  K.  T'.i    iiiili-s. 

Niirtli  lliail  nt'Cajii'  t>isa|i|mnitiniiit .■<.  :i.'.  I'.  U>'.<    iiiili's. 

I  lure  is  ;,'reat  confusion  of  names  aiiioii};  the  old  navi^rators  in  this  vicinity,  ari-sinf;  heeaiise 
111!  ihaskcd  cape  existed,  while  so  many  of  the  lar^'e  rock\  islets  had  similar  trciicral  cuaraetcris- 

Northward  of  CniK' .hdin.son  to  the  Flattery  liocks  the  hriizht  clitVs  are  seen  only  in  .short 
liiii's;  the  const  line  is  nearly  of  the  .same  hei^rht,  hut  tiie  slopes  of  the  hlnlVs  arc  covered  with 
<>i.  -on  pine  or  hendock  to  the  line  of  lii^li  water.  There  are  a  few  low  water  sand  beaches,  but 
111'  -liore  is  ;;enerally  iMUindcil  by  a  very  rocky  beach,  sometimes  reaching:  out  nearly  one  third  of 
.1  mile.  Outside  of  the  shore  line  the  rocks  and  locky  islets  extend  from  one  to  two  miles,  and 
iliis  part  of  the  coast  inii.d  not  be  approached  nearer  than  three  miles.  The  coniiliy  behind  rises 
iiiiiilerately  but  irrcfriilarly  for  ten  nr  tifteeu  miles,  and  then  be^jins  to  form  tho  flankiiit;  wooded 
iiitaiiiH  of  the  Ulyinpiis  rangti. 


/ 


n 


Ji^ 


I  -,  .w 


f.! 


;tM*; 


r.\(ii-ic  roAsr  ni.nr. 


Jojigrtl  Isht. — Tliis  is  ii  liir;;»',  Itlju-k,  Itiin'  isli't  ol  irrcniiliirmilliiM',  four  ImiihIiciI  aiitl  si\i\  yanls 
U»n;  iiortli  iiimI  moiiIIi,  anil  i)ii*>  Iiiiiiili'<>i1  iiiiil  Iwcnty  .mimIs  wiilc      It  iis<>K  at  tin-  lii;:lif.Ht  iniiui  ii 

iiwdi  It 

ti.il  iii|t 


Ni\t.vi'i);lil  Ircl  aliiiM' tli<>  st'a,  ami  tlirrraitprars  to  Im>  nooiitlv  iii;;  <l;iii;;cr.s.     P'rom  t ';i|ii' .Idi, 
Ins  two  IniiDlri'il  anil  scvnit.v  lliri-i"  miles  wi-sl  li_v  iiiutli  (W.  I<\   N.).  ami  I'nuii  tin-  Iii-IunI 


criiioHt   Klatti'ix    ItoiK   it    is  iIcm-ii  ami  niif  i|itatti'i   iiiilis  soiiili  tliiit.N   ll^•;:l^l■^  fast  (S    u    | 
Tlii'ir  is  a  small,  U>\\,  Mai-k  lork  two  Inimlrril  vanls  mirlli  nl   it  tnwinls  ('arioil  Islrt. 


Ciirritll   l-slii. — This   is  a  M'I\  mttalilc  rorkv  islrt,  two  liiiiiiliril  ami  si\t\    \anls  |i 


iiiirili 


anil  sonlli,  ami  l\Mi  liiimli'cil  yai'ils  lii'iiail.     It  has  m-arlv  vniical  li;;lit  rolniril  siilrs, ainl  nsi'sin 
KViT  two  humli'fil  Irct  aliDM-  tin-  sea.     'riii>  tup  is  \\iiimIi>iI  with  <hi';:i>ii  pirn-.     On  tlir  sinitli  mmiiIi 


I'usl  siilc,  at  two  hiiiiili<-il    vanls  distant,  is  a  small,  low.  Mack    ruck.     'I'lii'   islet 


is    p;lIli.'i||.iiU 


not iccalilc  when  si'cn   in   the  Miiili;;lit,  ami   is  sonicliiiics  firoiicoiislv  callcil  tin- <,iiiilliliiiii  KiHi. 


thus  coiituiimliii;;:  it  \Mlh   the  <.>iiilliliiile   Neeille.     On   the  west   siile,  at    the  ilislaiice  ol 


iiiic  Ii 


ilieil  ami  seventy  live  vanls,  there  is  a  pinnaele  rock  which  rises  tonne  hnmlrcil  ami  iwcntyMx 
feet  eh'vation.  There  are  no  known  oiitlxin;;  ilan^erH  nearrarroll  Islet,  ami  half  a  niilr  hiiimiIi 
of  it  the  recoiinaissanee  sheet  of  \S.\2  ;;ives  a  ili'plh  of  nineteen  fathoms  of  water  over  miiii|\  Iiui 
torn.  On  the  latest  chart  there  is  a  ilcptli  of  seventy-six  falhonis  o\er  tine  Mack  saml  .nnj  mnil 
seventeen  miles  west  norihwcst  lro!!i  this  islet.     The  nearest   laij^c  ilan;;er  to  this  isht  i--  I.u^mI 

Islet,  .se\en-ei;:litlis  of  a  mile  south   one  half  east,  anil   to  the  iioilhwanl   is  the   llami   I.'imI, 

ami  (ivi- ei;;litlis  miles  north  fourteen  iley;iees  west  (N.  1 1  W.).  The  Islet  is  ver.\  ncMil\  iliiir 
miles  north  si\t\  three  ilei,'rees  west  (N.  (»;{  \V.)  from  Cape  .lolinson.  ami  ten  ami  two  litilis  iiiilr> 
.south  thirtv  one  ilcfiiees  east  (S.  .'il  I'^)  from  the  ontennost  ami  lii;;hest  I''latler\  IJock.  li  jus 
one  ami  tliiee  i|narters  miles  Inoail  otV  shore,  ami  inside  of  it  lie  the  Itald  Isl.inds.  It  .:i|.  •i\ 
Carroll  Islet,  towards  the  northeast,  are  small,  low,  Itlack  rocks,  the  nearest  one  lieiny;  tin..  i|iiii 
(ers  of  a  mile  distant.     The  shore  alneast  tln-.se  daiijiers  is  very  n>ck,v  and  dan^-ioiis. 

Df.l'.f  .si;a  soini)Im;s. 

A  line  of  ofl'-shore  soumlings  was  run  Ity  the  I'liili'd  States  .Stoainer  TiiMinora  in  Octnl.i  i  i; 
IS.  I<».  L'O,  is:.!,  as  follows: 


%■   i( 


#  >ui 


l>i«l!mri.:in.l   Ik 
lr..„,  Cllnll   1 

i;.;. . 

1- 

S  c>    vv 

•js 

S  :t!i    W 

;i:i 

S   4")  W 

:iK 

s  1.'!  w 

f. 

S    1  ^i  w 

r.<i 

8    l.'t  W 

r.4 

S    11     W 

(m' 

S    I  ;i  W 

TH 

S    IJ    W 

'.12 

s    ;-•  \V 

III 

s  :ii;i  w 

14.1 

S    IfiJ  w 

\m 

s  :un  w 

.Ifl. 


I.;ititiM)<v      I.i-liui(ihli' 


Dxplll 
il.illiHtiinl 


'ririiprtjtllli' 
(  l-ilnl'<  iiIk  It  I 


(•liani.l,  I  <•!  U.llo 


«i2;i 


1 

1 

I 

1 

i 
1 

1 

■J.'i.  0 

Kill!'  Mil.  k  < 


III  unit  iniii) 


III. II  k  i-illiil  ami  ^lilVil 
CliiV.  v>  itii  Hill   iliilk  mitiil. 


(Mm.v.  Willi  liiii 


ami 


lirii'iiihlt  niuit  jiiiil  liiii'  .laiiil. 

Oiiri'  anil  ila\ 

Urnwii  iiMiil  iind  iMi^ii. 

<'la>,  iniiit,  anil   hizi*. 

I.iulil  liiiiHM  inuil  an. I  iM./iv 

Itlilrrlas  .mil  t.Miwii  inuil  iiiitril 

Oitxr  hihI  liniu  11  tiiiiil. 

rliiv.  Iirnuli  niuil,  linil  on/.i«. 


The  (jeo^'iaphical   position  of  this   Islet,  as  deterniini-d  l>y   the   l'.   S.  Coast    ami  di 


„li  I 


Survey, 


,:ititii<li' 


1/ 


n«i 


I  mill 


(It.   Ill  tiii'.i 


l-.'t     11 

hi.  I-- 


In  January,  1S,S,-.,  the  ma;.'netie  variation  was  'S2  '  Hi  east,  and  the  annual  increasi-  aim  ■  i'  ^ 
The  variation  lias  nearly  reached  its  maximum  iaii;;e. 

I'.dlil  /.s/(7;v.— Inside  of  .la«p-d  Lslet  and  (Carroll  Islet  lie  two  hi-li  islets  nearly  tliiee-ii  ni'.  i- 

of  a  mile  from  the  shore.     Th ler  one  is  two  humlred  and  sixty  yards  Ioiik'  east  and  we-.  .  'I 

one  hnndred  ami  fort.  ..arils  wide;  it  is  two  liundrt'd  and  forty  seven  feet  hi;.'li.  with  steep  -mIn 
Itare,  rocky,  ami  piiikIi  lookiii}.'.     About  two  hundred  yards  .southeast  of  its  eastern  end  il  >  i'   ■ 

'I  smaller  islet  al t  one  liumhed  and  twentv  Mve  yaids  in  extent,  and  on."  hundred   and  se\.  lit) 

live  feet  liiyli;  it  is  liare,  ami   ntckv,  ami  forbitldinj,'.     IJetweeii  these  two  IJald  islelti  aie  t«ii 


!     Ii 


I'Aciru'  (MiAsT  I'li.iir 


607 


I  H'l)'  riH-Ks  I'liiMO  tof^i'tlifi'.    Twtt  tliinl.s  III' ;i  milf  soiiili  soiiiImmsI  IViiiii   Ii:iI<I  islets  tliero  is  li 
. ',  I'  i>r  slli.lll,  \»\\,  lilarit  t'iM'Ks,  ;iliil  iM'twt'i'ii  till-  hll;:i't'  mif  illiii  I  lit'  lillllt  |i>'j|il  to  tin*  iiii|'|lii>ttsl 
.!,  ilii'i'i'  :iif   1(1111'  or  tivf  Hiiiiill,  ii>».  iilark    loil.s.     'I'd   tlir   inn tliwi-stwaril    tlicir'  iin>  NcviTiil 
i!i  lii.iiU  nxUs  iicailv  a  iiiiif  tii>t,iiit.     'I'lifsc  air  tin-  mi-lis  l\iii;;  livtwcni  ('arioll  islet  aiul  tin- 


ii  til  ilii'  II 


III  til  west  waul  nl'  tlic  lattr 


lliiiiil  li'i'ik. — Tills  is  i|iiiti'  a  small  mrk  alimit  I'liilv   \aiils  in  lAtnit  ami  lisi's  to  twi-iity  sev 


oil 


till  ili'Valioii.  It  lies  (iiii-  a'lil  niir  liall'  miles  mittli  tliirtci'ii  ilr;;ri'i's  west  (N,  l.'i  '  W.)  rroiii 
(  ri  'Ii  Isli't.  iuiil  is  one  anil  mir  half  miles  hrnail  iitl  the  shore,  with  iiiiollii'i-  roik  sli):lilly  l.it');er 
;iiiil  iiiilv  iVei   lii;:li  liall'uav  iiisiilr.     Nearls   one  mile  north  liv  east   Irom  the  llaml  KiM-k  is  a 


.Ilk  iiM'k  halt'wav   to  the  slime  tu  the  iioilhwaril. 


till'  iiitit Invest  waul  and  tiie  suiitli- 


ill 


.11.1  llaml  Itoi'U  shows  as  a  liaml  with  a  liii;;ei'  iioiiitiii);  np  tioiii  it. 

:i  hiiiil  the  shore  liet  ween  Cape  .IdIiiimhi  ami  ('ape  Ala\  a  the  con  lit  ry  is  ijiiite  low,  hut  very 

■\\  wiHiileil  w  itii  Ore;:oii  piiieami  liemlurk.  with  a  lliiik  iimlerlMiisli.     Oi r  t  wn  miles  iiisiile 

iIm    -.Iioii'  lim-  li)>s  the  Lake  of  the  Sun.  whieli  is  lepoiteil  to  lie  ten  miles  loii^  ami  t\M)  miles  wiile, 
Willi  il^  liii;:tli  jiarallel  to  the  shore.     This  lake  eiiipiies  throiiy:li  the  Tsoyes  or  (Ksette  l.'iver. 

Niiith  III' Carnill  islet  the  shore  sli;^litly  reeeiles  I'or  a  little  more  than  a  mile,  ami  in  the 
iln  |ii-t  recess  a  small  stream  come>  to  the  shine.  Init  iloes  not  cut  through  the  licach. 

hi  llirce  or  tour  miles  the  shore  line  is  liordeieil  liy  a  line  ot'rock  extemlin;;  out  as  far  as  one- 
iliinl  lit  a  mile  in  laiitnde  tS'^  n.*i|'  north. 

II  hill  li'iirh. — Two  miles  .south  southeast  (S.  SI'..)  from  the  northern  part  Ml'Cape  .Mava  and  in 
line  III  the  southeast  with  Osette  Island  and  the  Noithwest  I'lalteiy  llocks,  this  iiotalile  rock  ri.ses 
to  III  elevation  of  one  liiindied  and  sixty  two  feet.  It  is  one  hiimlred  yards  in  extent  with  nearly 
\iiin  a!  sides  and  a  roiiiidin;;,  treeless  tup,  and  only  threeipiarters  of  a  mile  otVtlie  shore. 

When  seen  from  tin-  .southward  the  white  sides  of  this  ruck  show  well  a};aiiisl  the  dark  pine 
tnii'.sis  of  the  main  shore. 

It  is  seven  and  threeipiarters  miles  north  twenty-live  ile;;rees  west  (N.  L'.l'  W.)  from  t'arroll 
NIrt.  and  two  and  threeipiarters  miles  .south  forty-nine  de>:rees  east  (S.  P.I  \',.)  from  the  Nortli- 
v\i  >t  I'lattery  K'nck. 

III  a  recent    piilillcatioi'  this  white  rock  is  erroneously  placed  three  miles  to  the  southeast- 


il  iif  Flatterv  l.'ock. 

'riiiee  ipiaiters  of  a  mile  south  southeast  f  oiii  it  there 


duster  of  larw',  low,  Mack  rocks 


Imiil:  tlircc'ipiarters  of  a  mile  fnnii  an  islctlike  head  on   the  nearest  shore. 

.\iiil  on  the  same  hearing,  one  and  one  half  miles  distant,  there  is  a  small,  low,  black  rock. 


Tl 


lis  is  the  westernmost  jioint  of  tin 


CAPE  ALAVA. 

mainland  of  the  I'acilic  t'oast  of  the  I'liited  States  south 


ol    .Maska.     The  I'oast  line  lietwceii   the  (,>iiillilinte  Mead  and  Cape  I'lattery  makes  a  ^'eiieral  liiit 

il.it  curve  to  the  westward,  with  a  deep  hay  ii'ider  I'lattery,  which  helps  to  In  in  j;  out  Cape  A  lava. 

fills  Cape  has  an  ocean  trout  of  altoiit  one  mile  iiorthnorthwest  and  south  soiitheaNt.     For  two 

Inn 

•  '.islward  the  land  is  llat  and  rises  veiv  slowlv. 


idled  xaids   the  risin;;  liliill   is  apparently  j^iass  eovered  and  the  lii;,'liest  part  wooded;  thence 


TI 


le  iiorlhwesteiiimost   point  of  the  Ca| 


le  IS  ma 


rked  liv  a  rockv  islei  one  hnndred  and  forty 


lids  III  extent,  and  risiiij,'  liy  steep  sides  to  one  huiidrcd  and  eighteen  feet  above  the  v  atcr.     It  is 


^lass  covered  except  towaiils  the  eastern  edpe,  where  there  are  a  few  lir  Irei 


I'lom  the  .south- 


ist  side  there  is  a  low  spit  which  reaches  within  seventy  five  yartls  of  the  low  rocky  bejieh  from 
he  point. 

When  the  Cajie  is  seen  from  the  .south  .southeast  at  twenty  miles  di.staiit,  it  is  made  as  a  low 
I. It  tmifjiieof  land  l.viiij;  iiiider  the  hi;;hcr  hills  and  Cape  Flattery  thirteen  miles  beyoiii!  it. 


Outside  of  the  lovi    point   lie  the  I'lattery  IJocks.     .Vnil  oil  the  same  bcaiiii 


and  at  tin-  saiii 


ili.stance  Cake  h'ock  stands  out  black  and  broad,  with  Carroll  Islet  and  its  Pinnacle  mate  hiomiiijj 
n\<  boldly.     Itetween  Cake  K'ock  ami  Carroll  Ish't  is  .seen  the  low  tiat  land  of  Cape  Johnson. 

letimes  mistaken  for  Cape  Flattery. 


Cape  Alava  with  its  tinibcied  islets  is  son 

The  beach,  with  a  few  minor  interruptions,  can  be  traversed  on  foot. 

There  is  the  .site  for  a  life  .station  near  the  village. 

TheCape  is  well  marked  by  the  Flattery  Kocks,  wliicli  forbid  nn  approach  to  it,  and  the  shore 
is  iMirdered  for  one  third  of  a  mile  with  iiiiiiiiiieiable  rocks  above  and  below  water.  To  the  smith 
the  .shore  runs  southeast  one-half  decree  east  (SIC.  .['  F.)  for  lour  miles;  to  the  northward  it  runs 


.<t    Q    !l 


I 


!'ii*i 


nim 


I'AI  IKIC   COAHT    I'lI.oT. 


i,f 


li  i 


iiottli  I'ortlirn'  iiiiil  one  halt' niil(>s,  in  .Oiicli  liiltn'  luoatl  lti;;lil  tlint'  <-<iinin<-nci-s  at  onr  .1    1  ,„„ 
halt'  iiiih'M  a  lair  low  watrr  lM>ai-!i  iiiiili'r  n  naimw  hi^h  uain   litarh,  with   wimuIimI  low  l>l  lUU. 
IiIidI.     This  low  watt'i   IkmicIi  is  two  aial  oiic  Ihitil  iinh-s  Ion;;,  with  no  known  ilanu('i>  i>t!        ,< 
l«'n;:th  lit'  two  ini'.i's. 

The  i:co^i-a|)hii-al  |)ositM>n  of  the  north  |iail  of  the  Hsclt  villap-  at  thr  noitliirn  p.iii  ■'  1  ,,|h 
Ala\a  is: 

l.lllilllllr I"       iM     IHI       linllll. 


I, 


'iiKiiiiitf t'.'i    II    hi    ».•«! 


Or.  Ill  liiiir 


t- 


t. 


Tii(>  niat;ni-ti«-  variation  was  j-    '><>'  cast  in  .laniiaiv.  lss.>,  ami  inncasiu^  annnalK  al 


•iiii:  n.i 


The  i-astt'ilx  variation  has  \<-i'\  m-aih  rcarhril  i\> 


icati'st  liiiiit. 


rroni  ihix  ('ap*-  the  hillowin;;  lifariii;;s  and  ilistancrs  to  inipoitant  tili|>'('t>  arc  ;:im' 


Nollli  tliail  III' ('.i|M>  |lin:i|i|Miitiliiii'iil  K,    :l,'i     K. 

t';i|ii' .lii|iii..iiii  .><.  :ii    K, 


'l':it<i.«li  M.iiiil  l.i;:lii  li.iii'. 


.':i    \v 


I'lii.ihll.i   ICirt.  iiiitM.I.'  till'  rijtlirv   l.'.M  Ki 


\V..| 


ll.'l  lllll'- 

r.M  iiiiii'x 

1:1^  iiiiiii. 

•Jk  III  I  Ir- 


on tin'  norihwcslciii  pail  of  rape  .Ma\a.  on  the  slope  of  Ihc  niccn  hiilsitlc.  is  llic  U-.ti  m 
(ap-of  the  intli.ins.      It  wa>  lotini'ilx  st<M'Uatl)'<|,  as  we  pas.sril  I'losc  oiitsnlc  in  IS1I7  ami  li.iil  .1  tun 

\icw'  of  it.     Tlif  \  illa;,'c  has  over  twt'iilv  hniisfs,  ami  is  now  )iii<k  hcailt-il  to  piuvrnl  llir  11 1. ,. 

till'  sea  ( IS.S7).     Tilt'  Imlian  nanit'  of  tin-  villa;;r  is  lloscl'lo.  slion;:l\  aspiralin;:  the  li. 

TIm-  laiitliii;;  on  lli<  lirarh  is  piolctii-tl  lis  a  parliallv  wotiit-d  isit-t  otic  hnnilii'ii  ami  lilii>'i  ini 
lii;.'h,  iimirr  which  tlic  Imlians  pa.ss  lhi'oii;:li  tiit'\ast  iiiiinlitT  of  ro<-lvs.  OiitMilr  nl  it  In-  iln 
wrt'ck  of  till'  A  list!  ill  (IsHT). 


On  Ihf  '-'^.M  of  Maich.  I77S,  Cook,  liaviiii;  iM-fii  dnvt'ii  scawanl  !•>  Inav  v  ;;airs  nil  Ciim   i 


wi-athir,  inaili-  the  laud  alioiit   latilinli'  17    D.'i'  and  ran  to  iIm'  norlliward,  wilh  fan  wiml  li. 

wrst  ami  west  northwest.     .\l  sex  en  in  llic  rM-nin;:  he  sa>s  hi-  was 

ill  lorlv  I'liilil  I:iI1miiii'<  111'  « :iiir.  anil  :ilioiil  fmir  liMum  ■>  rnnii  lli"  l.iiiil.  m  Im  li  r\liiiilril  limii   Nmlli  In  .smiiL. 


I.       .1:. 


KumI.  mill  :t  Kiiiall   iniiiiil   lull,  wlmli   li.iil  tin' a|i|i<'ai;iiii 


II  ifil.iliil.  Iinli    Nnltll    tllli  r-i|ll;ll  It TH  Kiml,  <ll-l 


nrM'li  li'ii^iirH.  ;is  I  ^iii'hh'iI  :    it  ajiin-ai"  In  Im'  i>I  IhIi'kiIiIi'  Iii'IkIiI.  'KhI  ^t  'Ix  lull  Jii'>l  In  l>i'  m  ili  lonii  llir  iln  k       I 
lliiH  i-hoiil  III  nil  k    mill    till'   iini'tlii'iii   I'vticiiir  i<(  kiml  IIhi-   ii|i|irioril  to  In'  a  Hiiiall  ojii'iiMi^.  n  liu  li  llall<  n 
till'  liii|H"-  III'  liniliiit:  an  liatlmr.     I'lunr  Iihim'n  Ii'hm  nnl  as  we  ili<  »  mai  :  ami.  al  la^t.  »i'  liail  ■.niiii'  iraMHi  i"  i 
llir  i>|ii  iiili;:  »aN  I  In-Ill    li\   liiH   laiiil.     iiii   llii'<  ariiiiiiil  I  1  allril   tin'  imiiil   nf  laml   In  llir    Nnilliia   it  f  (ly    ' 


It  iii'N  III  lallliiili'  I-     I' 


Tliir 


r  I»  II  rniiii 


I  lull 


iiUiati'  liiinlit  iivrl  ll.rlr.      (  Vnl.  II.  p.  •Jlia, 


Hi'fori'  next  day  he  had  a  hard  j;ah'  tVoin  llie  sontliwest.  aieoinpaimd  1>\  rain,  ami  In  ■ 
see  land  aizaiii  niitil  he  reaehed  latitude  It))  .  Me  jniiiped  at  (he  comliisiiiii  llial  then 
SI  rait  of  I'liea  did  mil  e\isl.  On  some  of  the  r',ii;;iish  .\iliiiii'alt,\  Charts  the  name  C.ipe  I' 
liiiM  Ihi'Ii  plaeed  in  the  position  of  the  I'latterv  Ifoeks,  hut  \  aneoiivei  adopteii  liii'  pii'>i m 
on  this  e'last. 

l''roiii  an  exaniinatioii  of  Cook's  account,  with  a  kiiowled;;e  of  the  ciirreiils.  etc.,  we  m 
viiiceil  that  he  was  fiill,\  ax  lii;:h  a.s  l.atitnde  17  .V>' :  the  small  round  hill  or  Inland  was  ih 
terv  IkiM'ks  on  w  illi  each  other,  and  the  point  to  ihe  mirthwaid  of  thciii  was  Cape  l'latlei> 
he  piai-ed.  Ii.v  estimation,  einjii  miles  too  far  sonlh. 

Thu  Ca|H>  waH  named  Alava  on  Kellett's  chart  of  is  17. 


TIIK    l'l,.\Tri;i!V    nnCKS. 


•*  I'S 


This  is  tho  most  marked  y^roiip  of  rocky  islets  north  of  the  Faralloiies  o(V  San  rrami  r. 
Allhonah  they  do  not  eMeml  fai  olV  shore,  yet  they  are  Ihe  wesleinmnst  land  ol  the  I  nilcl 
south  ol  .Ma.ska.     They  are  in  the  direct  loiileol  ail  \essels  lioiiml  lo  and  Iroiii  the  Sliaii  •■'  I 
whether  to  ports  in  I'n;;el  Sound  or  to  Victoria  and  llie  I  inlf  otCieoi;.'ia. 

The  whole  ;:roiip  comprises  a  line  of  rocks  and  islets  parallel  with  the  coast,  lM';;iiiiiiii.       ■ 
and  one  third  miles  .south  of  Cape  Alava  and  reaching;  two  ami  one  ipiailer  niiles  lieyomi  11      I ' 
soiitherii  iiu'ksare  aliont  three-ipiarters  of  a  mile  olf  shore,  hut  the  eMieiiie  northwest  e\ii  n 
Ihe  low  eliister  of  the  rinatilla  reef  exactly  we.sl  fioin  the  Cape. 

While  Hiiek  Kontliward  of  the  Cape  Iuik  already  lieeii  described. 

Omtt  hill  lid.— Tins  is  (he  lai^'esl  islet  of  Ihe  I'lattety  ^-roiip:  it  Ih  half  a  mile  Ion,  >•- 
norlliwest  and  east  soiiiheasl.  and  ahonl  one  liflli  of  a  mile  Imiad.  It  has  very  «teep,  roi  l.\  ' 
hrokeli  down  siuiiewlial  oil  the  south  face,  liiit  the  lull  liei;;ht  nf  the  island  to  the  west.      It  ;i|    ■ 


ne 


arly  ll.il  lopped  and  is  two  linndnd    iml  forty  ted  almve  the  sea,  with  irri'Kular  cliisli  1 


I'At'iKic  roANi   ni.MT. 


M'.t 


nciip.  i,„, 


,  »  I'  :iri  I  i<ii 

M\^  I  III'  I  :.ii 
ttii-i  \ ,  .'  1. .  ii 


IIICI    1 

tlilril 

ml  ..I  • 

liiiiiiir  :i>H 

itiil  II.     1  ' 

(•Ml  11  ■ 

Itii     'U\>  aiul  liiinit.     Ill  till'  4-iiil.v  rcfoiiiiiiiM.s.itii't'  the  troN  wen-  all  livjii;;.     Tli«'  lar(;«>Ht  cliiiiiii 

,,|     I    I  >   Is   IM'iir  lIlC     Mllllllt'itHi    Cllll.       Till'  lllltl'l     III'    \M-nll'ril   I-ImI   nl'    lllf   JNlillMl   IM   titif    illlll  tdlf  l-IKlltll 

iiiiii  soiiili  tliiil.N  liM-  <li'):ii  f»  wi'si  |S.  ;l,'t  U  ,|  iiiiui  I  III'  mil  III  |iiiri  nt  t'.\\,v  AI.imi.  (hi  I  lie  smitli 
.ihij  iMitlit'asi  r.ii'i'  iIk'Ii'  ail'  jiiw  I.Mii;.'  Iilarlv  iiirkM  mic  tlijnl  ol'  a  iMilr  rmni  tjic  is|fi;  inHiilr  iil'  j| 
ill!  i>'i  k>  t'iKMi  ilir  ('a|i)'  iiai'li  xMlliiii  iiiu' lliiiil  III  II  iiMlr.in  liall  »a>  tii\NaiiKit.  'I'lit-  Imliaii 
ti.iiiM  "I  iIm-  UI'IIiiI  i>  lliisi'ir. 

Siiiitli-<iiiiiali  Cttiiliiliiiliiins  to  l\  now  Ictl;;!-,  '.'-0  Na\N,  |i.  -,  (i.  lloNi'tt  :  p.  lO.'i,  lltlHl-llll  lll|i 
\ill.i;;i'al  l"hillci>    {{iii'ks.     'Ilic  liiiliaiis  a.>|iiralc  llii' <' \  ti.v  Mtiiiii;;l.\ . 

I'.uit-il  lilt  IsIi'm. — Tlit'M-  art'  Ilic  twn  Jai^r  ami  hiylicsl  uiill.Mitu  islcl.s  nl' tlic  l''l,ittri'\  ;;ritiip, 
Illlll  ;  l.irllicr  nut  lliiili  (III'  (ImcU  islaml.  'I'lir  uiilrr  islfl  in  sniiicwliat  tlif  lai;;i'i',  liciii;;  Illicit 
JiiiiiilKil  ami  Um'IiIn  li\<>   \aii1.s  Inn;:  •'•I'^l   anil    uol    anil   niii'   liiimlirti   ami   m'MiiIx  IInc   lirnail. 

Till   iiillrl  nlir  IM  nlll,\   niic  liilliillril  ami  t\M'lit,\    \aiilM  ri'lilll  It  tnwai'iU  llli'  Capi'  ailll  is  I  \\n  llllllllri'll 

ami  -I'M  i>l>  xanl.s  Inii^  fast  ami  wrsi  ami  nnc  liiimlifil  anil  sInIn  ll\c  yanlN  liinail.  Tlit'sc  IsIi'Ih 
liiiM  lii;:li,  linlil,  ami  iiair  inckx  nrcaii  Iriiiils,  uitli  ),'i'ailiiall,v  ><li.|iiii;:  .siiilai-rs  Iiixn arils  tlu'  sIkim'. 
Till  liniit  nl  III!'  lllltl'l  i.sli't  is  twn  liiimliiil  ami  lit'tv  Irt't  lii;:li  ami  nl  tlir  liimr  niif  twn  liiimlri'il 
.iiiil  liiitv  li'i't.  liiitli  aif  I'liM-rnl  with  <hf};nii  |ijiic,  ami  nii  Ilic  Inwii  |iai'tN  l)>  Icriis  aii<l  liiislii's. 
I'lii-i  iimli*r  tlit>  smiiiiwi'.sl  aii;:li' nl'  llir  niiti  r  i>li't  tlii'ii'  is  a  lii;:li,  baii'  rnrk  M>|iarali'il  rrniii  llir 


s|, ;   Its    a    vi'iN    narinw    w 


ati'iwav.     'i'wn   liiimlii'tl    \ai<ls  niitsiilt'  llir  niiti'i   i>\v\  is  a  small  riH-k 


aluiiil    lil't.v   .vai'ils   in  I'sti'iit,   Imt    risin;;   in  nm-  liiiml'<'.l   ami   si'Vi>iit\  tivi-  I'l'i-I  I'li'vatimi.     Twn 


illi-i'  rnrks  arc  oiitsiilc  nl'  this  nnc  In  till 


si,  Inw  ami  lilack,  anil  niic  tn  the  nnrtli  Hiiiiiculiat 


lii;;liii.  Hilwicn  llicsc  islclM  ami  the  <'a|ii' the  water  a|i;"aisilcc|i  I'm  halt  a  iiiilcainl  then  the 
iiii  i.  ^.  \\  liii'll  arc  M'l'\   nilliiciniiM,  reach  In  l  he  >  Imie  line  nl'  the  I  '.i|ic. 

I  III  miter  emi  nl'  this  iai;:er  islet  is  niie  ami  nnc  tliinl  nf  a  mile  sniith  t  i^ht.V-Hvc  ilcifrecH 
«i^l    S.  s.'i     W  .)  t'lniii  the  iiiirlh  |iniiit  nl   the  t'a|ie  A  lax  a. 

Till'  uci>;:ra|i|ileal  |insiliii|i  nl'  the  wesleiii  |iiiiiil  nl'  this  nlller  Islet,  as  ileteriliineil  liv  the 
I      >  I  nasi  anil  tientlelie  .Siir\ev,  is: 


l.aiiliiili'  .  . 

l.«M;:lll|i|<' 
ll|,    III   IlllfC 


•4     III   -.'I     iiiirtli. 

I-.'I        III      III        WI'Hl. 


'•''  111"  III 


lliim  the  wesleril   |iniiil  nl'  this  niilei    Islet  nf  the    llatleiy  l.'niks  we  liav«i  the  Inilnwili}:  hear 
•  ami  ilistanees  In  iin|ioilaiit  nlijeels: 


(':i|>i'  I  miilil  l.i^lit   liiilIN 


Nollli  II. ml  i.l    CalM'  |l 


|ii'  l>i'-:i|i|Miiiiliti<'iit 


Ciitnll  l-l,! S. 


:i    \: 


:t'.'ii   itiili'H. 

llli     llilirs, 

|ll<    llllll'H, 


I'-'; 


11.' 


t  il Ii  Maiiil  l.iKlillioiiM' N    I-     W. 

r.i|ir  III  ale  l.ij;llt  liiitim',  ViiiiriiiiMi    l-laiiil    N     I-     W.  I".'    iiiiliw. 

■/■/((  riiliilillii  lilt/. —  In  siiliie  res|ieels  this  is  (he  ;:iealest  tlalip'r  nil  the  nnrlliclli  enast,  liccaiise 
iliick  weather  il  is  a  \ei..  ilinieiilt  nlijcel  In  make  iint.  ami  in  llie  hea\\  ;:ales  ami  Inn;;  stnriiiy 
jlilsiil  winter  a  vessel  a|i|iinaeliiii;;  il  linm  ihe  sniiihwaitl  has  |iinliahl,\  liati  iin  ilepai  lure  I'nr 
III'  hiimlred  ami  iwelilv  miles  when  |iasMii;,'  Cape  (»iriilil  Li;;lil  liniise.  'the  cMcnl  nl'  this  reef 
i«ii  hiimli'i'il  ami  Iweiily  sards  cast  and  west  and  almiil  scxeiilv  li\c  .\ards  wide. 
Il  shnwsnne    Inw   lilaek    inck\   iiead    ahniil  si\l\   \aids  in  cNlelit,  and  Ihlee  nllie 


verv  s 


Miall 


■Iil-,  Ii);;elliei  Willi  lliiee  pnillts  nf  Ineaks,  nlie  liein;:  clnse  nil  the  inner  side  nf  the  visilile  I'neks. 
I  M.  uiiter  e(U;e  nf  the  reef  lii's  nnc  mile  ami  nnc   liiiiidred   \aids  nnrtli  ei;;lilv  lour  de;;iee  west 

N.M  •  \V.)  frniii  the  nlller  limit  nf  the  weslerniiinsl  I'jaltci'.v  l.'nek  or  islet  ;  and  lliere  Is  a  pass- 
.1.1' wa\  nl  hall  a  mile  wide  lielweeii  the  reef  and  the  niitlNin;;  Inw  hlaek  mek  nil  that  islet. 
Iliiiiii;;h    this    pa.s.sa;;e   the   ('nasi    Siirvev  Sicaiiier   pass.d    in  the  ieeniiiiai.s.saiiei<  of   IS.VJ,  with 

Iin;;s  nf  Iweiilv  nine,  tell,  and    Iweiilv  falliniiis,  kiepiii;:   neaier  Ihe  iiiiiei'  islet,  Itiil  the  irre;;- 

(lilies  iif  the  di'plhs    show  cicailv   the    run!  ehaiatter  nf  llie  luiltdin.     One   mile  onlsidenf  the 


.ililla  lleef  there  is  a  soiimliii;;  in  Iwentv  seven  lalhnins  nver  line 


nd\  linttnin.     Tlii.'*  I'ecf  lies 


he  and  one  half  miles  soiilli  thirleeii  detriees  east  (S.  l.'t     K.)  limn  thcTatno.sh  Islaml  Li;;lit' 
"i-e. 

riieie  arc  nil  kimwn  daiiy;ers  In  Ihe  west  of  il  and  iiniie  In  the  north  of  it  I'nr  four  miles. 
Sieaiii  ships  hniiiid  iinrlhwiird  tn  the  Strait  of  {'"ilea,  m  .sniiiliward  Iherclroin,  lay  a  course  to 
-  Illlll  nr  live  miles  in  the  westward  of  the  rniatilla  reef,  alllinii;;li  there  are  no  known  hidden 
1  ;;iis  iiiitside  nf  il. 

I  Hint  ilia  h'lif—WluHtlinii  nimy.—  A  siroiiirilnss  Wiiistliiin  lUioji  painted  icr/  and  h'ttered 
I  niiilUlii  liifj"  \\\  while  has  heeii  estahlisheil  n(V  Ihe  Iniatilla  liecf.  It  is  iiKHued  in  twenty- 
III  and  a  hall   falhnms  of  water. 


I  r 


\\ 


^:-V 


r>lO  I'ACIKIC   J'OAST    I'll.ul'. 

From  llu>  iMioy  tlic  ritllowin^  li«-ai'iiit;H  ami  iliHtiiiiii'N  an-  awvu  in  |)itiniiiifiit  i)li|i-ri.-<: 

('ii|M- ('li(lt<-r>  l.iKl>*-l>"»''<' N    )  W.         |:l    tiiili'N, 

riiiiiiiiiu  ii'iif m;.  h)  K   (  r.        u  nijiri. 

OiH  tl  iKhtiiil,  Siiiilli  SiiIk Iv    I    S 

Anil  till'  iiriiri"<l  |i;irl  iif  I  III'  InI^iiiI   ii  ilishilil ;i(  ihiIi'k 

Catiiill  Uliniil   SK,  IMinil<-N. 

Till'*  liiiov  \\:is  I'si.ililislu'il  Aplil    II,  ISS'.I. 

Tlic  I'l.ilttiv  ItiM  ks  nil- (inMii'tiiisly  ilcsi'iilii'd  in  a  rcci-iil  jiiililiialinii  um  "a  ;^iini|inr  r  .,,! 
alilf  li.iii',  rii;;;;('il  jslciM,"  wIhm'ims  tliov  an-  wiMxIfil, 

'I'lic  I'l.illi'iv  li'iH  Us  Wfii'tir'^l  iiitlfil  li,\  Clink  ill  t77">,  lull  imt  ii.ii 1;   in  I  T'.i'J  N'aiiniiiM  i  ^.i\. 

llii'in  llii'ii    jiU'm'IiI   <lrM;,'ii.itii>ii.     'I'lii',\  wi-if  ralli'il    li\   hi'MDl'ias  thr    Islas  i|f  I  Irst'iiiliK,  ,i:iil  I. 
Trlii'llkDlV  till-  Is.  ill-  hrol.llilii-'i. 

OmI/  It'iiri-. — 'I'liis  is  a  small  stiram  ii|ii-!iiii;;  oiir  ami  oiif  lit'lli  of  a  iiiili' lo  tin' imrili  iiini, 
I  <isi  III'  I  III'  rapr  Al.iva.  wiii'i'i*  llir  rnii^'li,  riirk>  sliDii's  lii'i'aU  iIuvmi  ami  a  s.iihIn  anil  liinvliji'i  Imk 
wati'i  lirarli  riimim-iiri-s.  'I'lii- valli'.s  is  iiiDili'iali'lv  uiiji*  Imt  lii'a\il\  wniiili-il  liki- tin- n-si  ni  i|i, 
niiiiiln.  Simii'  vrais  sniri'  il  was  I'siimali-il  In  Ih'  lilty  vaiils  wiilr  at  tin-  mniiili.  witli  a  swui  mi 
I'l-iit  ami  st«T|il\  sliijiiii;;  liaiiKs.  'I'lii'ir  uas  tlirii  a  villa^i'  at  tin-  mmilli.  Init  in  iss;  ijn'i,  \i,|. 
iiiiiii'.aml  till'  strrani  vvas  lint  nvrr  'wriily  vaiils  \\ii|i'.  'I'Im'  Imlian  nainr  nl'  llii'  lixrt  is  IT  ~i:' 
.stnm^l.N  as|iiratiii;.'  tin-  //  (Isilh. 

This  IS  ilii-  ilvi-i  wliii'li  iliains  llii>  (tsi'tt    l.aki',  kmiuii  on  Ilir  'I'li  i  iliii  nil  maps  Ii,n  iIii'  I.iimiIiiI 
tiami' III   till'  l.aki' lit   tin- Sim,  aiirailN  iiiriitnmi'il,     'I'lirir  aii*  a   Irw  srlllris  nn   its  slnni's.    '|)i 
laki'  is  II  ii':.'iilai'  in  shapr.  wiiii  sinall  ruM's,  pmnis.  I'tr.     It  was  lirsi  rxaiiiinril  in  l^l'il,  ami  l,ii  >i\ 
its  Swan's  l.aki-:   tlu'   linlian    naiiii*   is    Ka' niik,  mraiiiii;;  a    Innls  of  Irrsli  ualrr,  nr  siiiipls    i  l.i!,, 
Till'  I'iviT  iliirs  mil  ;:ii  tar  inlaml,  luil  runs  nrailx    paialli'l  wiili  thr  ntast  IVnm  tiir  siiiitli\\;iii|.     |' 
is  lint  a  iiaM^alilc  ^tl«^lIll,  ami  ran  lu'  t'niih' I  at  Invr  tiili'. 

IKuM    11.  \TTKKV    IJlilKS    Til   lAI'K    I'l.ATTK.U  Y. 

I'lniii  Capi-  .Mava  tlu-  roastliiir  rniiiiiiiirs  ni'ail\  iinrth  Inr  t'niir  ami  mir  hall'  niihs,  .nul  iin 
falls  In  thr  r.isiw.ml  thirr  milrs  In  \i>vu\  MiikkavN  lia.v,  wlii'iiri'  il  runs  mil  wrll  In  Ilir  «r-i«.u 
,is  1,11  as  Capi'  I'l.il  li'i\ .  Till'  slmrc  liiii'  is  ii  ii';;iilar.  \silli  .illiTlialr  sllrlihcs  nt  vMuiihil  lilnlN  p. 
inil;:h,  inrkx  rlitl's  flnlii  nlir  lillliillril  In  \\\i<  lilinili'i-il  frrt  lii;,'ll.  Tin-  cniinllN  immi'ill.ililv  K.  li  i  ■ 
till'  shnii'  is  nnt  liij;li,  Imt  aflrr  a  li'W  milrs  thi'  hills  asi'i'iitl  sliarpl.v  tnwanls  the  lasl.  .iim  .n. 
jnavilv  wnndi'il  wiili  pint"  ami  lii'iiilnck,  anil  aii'  almnsi  impi-iii'traliir  i>ii  airniint  nf  flu- i|i'ii>r  m 
tlrrliiiish. 

Till  /'.'//in;/' .1  (</((>.— From  Capf  Alava  tlu'  lirsl  three  inihs  nf  ihe  slinif  is  ,i  .-.nM.":, 
iiH';;iilar  wiiiiih'il  liliill  lisiii;;  to  over  niii-  liiimlreil  lei'l.  It  Ih  hniiliiiil  li.v  ^fniiil  InWH.iiii  .i 
lii;;h  walri    lieailii-s.  Imtli  naintw  ami  tin-  fninu  r  inti'iTiip'ril.     At  Iniir  .mil  nm-  half  iiiih'-'  n.'ii 

.sfvi'ii  ih'Uiri's  \yi'st  (N.  7     \V.)  frnm  ihi-  Iii;;|i  ish-i  at  thr  iiiiitlii'iii  limit   nf  the  Cape  llie  .s| i  :. 

is  liiokeii  li\  lii;;li,  Itohl,  rnik\  el  ills  Inr  one  ami  one  half  miles.  These  el  ill's  are  fm  iiieil  nf  .i  >  i,  r 
(lark  eiili;:lnmeiale. 

The  fnre.Ni  leailies  tn  the  eil;,'e  of  the  elilVs.    At  their  lia.ses  there  is  iieilhei  Inw  imr  hi-li   ^.i  h 

Iteaeh.  Iiiil  i:iaii>  lii;;h  ineks  ami  islets  are  einsilv  iliisteiiil  ainimil  Ilii'in.     Snme  of  tlie.se  si  Ml' ! 

tlilee  ipialleisiif  a  mile.     Tin'  sniithein  nlie  is  the  Fullii  r  iliiil  Smi  ;   I  he  fiilliii  r  Is  the  niilsiile  ini  I,  ,ii.' 
rises  tniilie  liimilli'il  .iml  sixty  tlilee  feet,  the  smaller  nlie,  eniilieeteil  l>.V  a  inW  lilaik  reel  issi\lv  >. 
feet  on  the  eastern  eilp-.     They  lie  live  eights  nf  a  mile  nil   the  nearest  elilVs,  anil  are  lliivi'  .ihl 
three  eij,'litlis  of  a  mile  iinrtli  eii^lit  decrees  west  (N.  S'  W.i  frniii  ihi    northern   pmnt  nf  tin  <  .,|m 
There  are  im  knnwii  hnhlen  ilan-ers  ainiiml  them.     <>iie  mile  iinrthnnilhwest  from  these  n"-  ■  - 
a  inik  tnrtv  feel  lii;;li.  nearly  half  a  mile  nil   theelills,  with  a  iln/.eii  ineks  lietweeii  il  ami  tin      i'!, 
Spiki   /I'lxA,  whieh  has  .snmetiiiie.s   lieen  called   Sail    l.'nck,  northeniiost  of  tlie.se  roeks  nif  the  I'-ii: 
of  Arches.     It   is  a  small,  sh.irp,  liarc  rock   forty-two  feet   Iiiili,  standing' .seven  ••ifil.thsnl  ■<  i"  ' 

north  ei;.'hlyi Ii';.'ri'es  west  (N.sj     \V.)  I'mm  the  point.     I'lctween  it  and  the  pniiil  an    'ln.r 

lar;.'e,  hifjli,  rnek.v  islets;  thetiisi  leaches  tn  niii'  hundred  and  sixty-four  leet  elevatinii.  i-  ni^-^ 
topped  and  maiked  liy  a  pinnacle  mie  hiimlied  and  ei^:hl  feet  Iiiili  on  tlio  inner  side;  tin  >. .  uiii 
is  ^M-'ss  cnvi'icd  on  lop  and  re.iclies  niic  liiimlrcd  and  seventy  feet  almve  the  sea;  the  li:"!  !■• 
one  hiimlied  and  tilty  two  feet   liiu'h  and    has   ;;iass  and  a  few  pines  upon  it.     There  an     i" 

arches  in  these  islets.     One  third  of  a  mile  sontli  forty  one  depees  west  (S.  II     \V.)  fi m 

Hock,  there  is  a  »<»■/,■  tiinnli  at  Inw  water.  This  dan;;er  is  one  mile  olV  shore  and  four  ami  i  ' 
quarter  miles  north  ci^ht  de;;rees  west  (N. «  '  W.)  from  Umatilla  lieef.  It  is  well  inside  tin  •  'i  ' 
of  all  vessels. 


il! 


PACIFIC   COAST   I'll-OT. 


All 


II  illii  mill*  north  of  tli<>  wrHtiTiiinnst  |i;iit  nf  Hum  |miIiii  tlh-ri'  in  :t  very  miiiiiII  Im-jkI  at  llic  f\ 
it  a  iiJllow  iiiiiiit   si'iiai.iliii;;  llii>  lialc  rlills  on  tlir  wHitll  tl'iilii   llic  \«ihii|i>iI   IiImII  <iii   II 


ii  I. Ill  ^  < 


iiiilli 


II   llii< 


iImoiikIi  iIiih  iiari'iiw  |iiijnt  tlirrc  aii'  I\mi  airhi'H. 


I  111  If  hint  lit'fii  III)  h.\iliii;;ra|>hn'  hiiivcv  otV  this  |Miiiil,  Inn   s\  Hiiiylc  Miiinihii;;  of  twi'iityllvt* 
III sot'  wati'i  oMT  line  .sainl.v  Imiloiii  Is  t;iviMi  tour  iiiilcs  oiil.sjih-  tht-  |ioiiit. 

rill-  wcsli'iiiiiiosi   part  of  this  ia|i('  lie-,  iiiiii-  ami  one  i|iiarlrr  iiiih.s  .south  tliiitylhit't' ih'fjrn-M 
i>i    S.  Xi '  K.)  Ii'oiii  Tatoosh  l.slaiitl  Li;;ht  iioiisf,  ami  it  is  in 

l.aliliiili' I-     II    Iti     iKirlli. 


l,i>ii>:iiiiili> 


l-.M    \>  ;i.i    «(Hi. 


m 


til, >  rape  is  piolialil.v  tlial  wliirli  Mr  MiilVas  lias  naiiicil  ilic  I'oiiii  Martini'/. 

lufliifii  //«<((/.— I'm  marl\  twn  iinli's  |i  llir  iioitliuaitl  ot  llii'  I'oiiit  of  .\iilu's,  tlii>  Nhorc  lii 
.1  vMHiihil  liJiilV  ovir  om>  I  iiiiilrctl  ftTl  lii;:h.  It  riti  vi's  to  ilii>  faMtwanl  Nli;;hll,\  ami  liax  :Uiiio 
jiiw  u.itrr  lirarli  ami  a  narrow  lii;;li  wati-r  lirarh  to  Hit-  <'iiiiiiii<'nn'iii(Mil  of  tin-  irrr;;ular  iiK-ky  rlilI'M 
III  I'oili;.'!'  Iliad.  TIh'sc  tiiIVs  an«  Itohl,  irii';;iilar.  ovi-r  our  liiimlrt'il  Icfl  lilj,'li,  IoimhmI  oC  a  coar.sf, 
il.iiK  <Hii;:loiiii'iati>,  ami  covcri'il  wiili  wooil.  The  lii'iul  has  a  liltii'ovt'r  our  iiiilf  tVonta;;i<,  ami 
niii>  inMily  norlii  northwi'st  anil  .siiiilhsiiiithrast.  'I'lii'  rxtri'iiu-  northi'in  part  of  the  head  \h 
IiiIIiimI  I>,\  two  lii;;ii  liili;,'iii's,  with  .sti'i'p  siilrs,  anil  I'l-lll  rovrrnl  tups. 

Iiisjiji'  III  it  till'  slioii'  runs  to  tin-  iioithcast  for  Ihiff  ipiailcrs  ol'  a  niiir  to  tlii^  luw  IkwIi  ikllil 
IH'iiiiiSiil.i  of  tilt*  'r.soiM'-i'/,  ii'ixrr. 

Ilii  ImiIiIi'sI  part  ol'thi-  liiail  lli-s  t'xartiv  north  rroiii  thioiiti'i  hiuh  Fliiili'iy  Jiock  at  ailistamut 
III  M'\ I'll  anil  two  tliiiilN  iiiih-s.  It  is  maiiy  six  anil  twothinls  inili  .s  sonlli  I'oity  thivi- ili-^rreH 
I'.isi  ,.'s.  I.i '  I',. I  I'liiin  'ratoo>li  Isiaiiil  l.i^'lit  Ihnisi'. 

Ihtiiiiiis, — OlVlhr  iiorth  cml  ol'tlif  poiiil  and  Htrt'trhiii;;  nraii,\  iiiii'aiMl  inir  lialt' niili's  towaiils 


r.iiiiiisli  Island  I 


loiisf  tlii'ir  air  si'vcral   low,  lilack  roi'Ks  awash  at  Iii\n  water,  simii' siiiikcii, 


mi  iiiir  small  one  forty  four  Iret  lii;;li. 

Mil! I ■■  r  lUtij. — Tin-  woiithrast  point  of  this  hay  is  Torla);!'  lli  ad;  the  northwest  point  is  Wa 

irli  I'niiit.  'i'he  westerninost  parts  of  these  points  lie  noilli  ihiiiv  three  decrees  west  (N..'!.'!  \V.) 
iiiil  Miiilh  thirty  three  defiiees  east  (S.  ■'[.!  l',.i  truiii  eaeh  other,  three  mih's  apait;  east  from  this 
!iiir  llir  iti'pth  of  the  iiay  is  one  and  one  ipiarler  miles.  The  soiilliern  half  of  the  lia\  lias  niinier- 
iMis  links,  liiw  and  sunken,  reaehiii;;  out  one  and  one  half  miles  nnrthwest  fiiuii  rorta;;e  Mead,  and 
ilirii'liiie  the  approaehes  are  dangerous.     The  innerinost  niek  is  furty'loiii'  feet  alio\e  water. 

Till' watii  III  the  hay  is  mit  very  deeplnit  vessels  can  aiiehiir  in  northerly  and  easterly  weather 
wi'.h  sal'i'tv,  |ir<i\iiled  llieii'  Is  not  ton  iiimli  sea. 

Till-  .sontheiii  part  ol  Hie  liay  is  linrdeied  liy  a  Ion;.',  Iiroad,  low  water  lieaeli,  and  a  low,  .shindy 
lii;;li  Mali'i  heaeh  wliirli  fnniis  a  hni;.'.  nairow  peninsula  to  the  nioiith  of  the  'I'sooee/*  Iviver, 
wliirli  riiMies  ill  fium  the  siiiil lieast  w  aid.  This  peiiiiisnla  is  saml,\  on  the  outside  and  ;^ras.sy  mi 
ill.  river  ^iile;  the  nariowest  part  is  only  liftv  yards  ueross,  hut  it  widens  to  the  northward,  and 
Hill  Ins  out  to  a  small,  roeky  head  with  iiuineruus  low,  Maek  roeks  tor  one  ijiiarter  of  a  mile  oiit- 
~ii|r:  near  this  narrow  part  of  the  peiiinsnl.i  and  under  the  mirth  end  of  a  forty-feet  elilf  are  three 
lii'li  111  lioiises.     .\t    the  nioulli  of  the  lixer  there  is  a  shnrt   pieee  of  elilV  sixty   h'et  lii;.'li  and  the 

(iiiili  side  is  a  hroail,  sandy  point,  with  a  few    pines   m-.m  it.     The  width  of  the  river  is  ei;;hty 


\  iiil-,  liiit  deerea.ses  to  tifly  vards  liehind  the  linliai    imiise: 
I"  iiinli'il  at  the  iiiunth,  liiil  eaii   lie  furded   alKiiit  one  iiu  <■ 


1 1  has  a  swift  em  rent  ami  it  ean  not 
i\  e  its  miiiith  at   extreme  low    liih'.s. 


fill-  liiwer  part  of  this  stream  is  navijjalile  hir  small  boats  and  canoes.  It  has  a  ^oml  volume  of 
uater. 

There  is  a  very  Iiroad,  sandy  low  water  luaili  olV  the  south  point  of  the  entrance.  Ih'hiiul 
III!   Inii;4  peiiinsiili  of  the  Tsiiii  e  e/  the  t'liiest  retreats  fur  mole  than  hall' a  mile. 

Miikkaw  May  was  ealled  Ni.seo  liay  on  Kellett's  chart  of  IMT.  hut  no  name  is  ;jiveii  on  tlio 
iiii  r  eilitiiins. 

\\iinlth\  Sloiifili.—T\\\n  Hln;,'};isli  stream,  .seventy  yards  wide  at  the  niniith,  i.peiis  niider  tho 
'  <M  side  of  the  \\  a-ateli  point.  It  has  a  luoad,  siiiooih  sand  lieaeli  for  over  a  mile  to  the  south- 
'II  as  far  as  the  clilVon  the  iiorlh  side  of  the  T.soo  e  ez  l{ivcr.  It  i.s  simply  a  tidal  shiii{,'h  wliieli 
I-  I'liilahle  alinoMt  anvwhere  at  low  tide. 


/iiiiDn.- Siiiilliwiiii;!!!  ('iinlrlliiiliiiiis  In  Kiuih  Iril^-i'.  ■.'•,'11,  pp. 


'I'mui  >;   p.    Il'.'i,  'I'siMi-i'Ss,    tllr   vlHilKr  nil   lllc 


It 


iviT  iiiMt  lis  iiiiiiilli:   p.  III.'. 


till-   Itiuk  III    till'  iiii.iilli  «(  llir  liver  nil   ils  Si.ul  IiwihI  siilr  :  p.  Ill 


I        M  -.1  liii-iik,  till'  Hivn  liiiwiiiji  pa»l  Ilii-  Tsi.oom.s  \  lllan''. 

Wu  till  Sli. null,  iiuiiir.     .Siiiillisniiiaii  ( 'null iliuliniis  In  KiiowI((Ik«, '^Jtl,   p.  ',',•;,  cuIIm  It  Wiiatfli  ;  nii  \>:i-^<-  \i 
\\  .    ilrll.  llir  Vlllap.  Ill   IllnlltU  nf  Wlillill  I'll'ik 


ft.? 


rj 


f] 


i'A 


^  ; 


16"  (   ,■ 


512 


PACIFIC    COAST    VllAYl'. 


Tlu'  Wiiatcli  S1kii}.')i  oonu's  from  tlio  ii()rtlM>aNt\vanl  lor  tliroe  iiiil»'»  tliioiij'li  :i  low.  i  .,i-iu 
tnu'k  l.viiijr  U'lwi'fii  Xw  ah  May  unil  tin-  ln'ail  of  Miikkaw  Itii.v.  The  lit'atl  of  iliis  slon;;!!  i  «  nii;,, 
two  luiiiilrt'il  .yards  of  the  low  1».  mIi  at  N»rali  Ua.v,  and  a  rim-  of  tidi-  of  Iwcnt.v  feet  \\,>\i].\  unlv 
llio  \\\jih  land  of  ('apt'  riattcrv  an  island. 

Tliisfii'i'k  or  sli>n;;li  is  used  by  tlic  tiutor i'oast  Indians  dinin;;  tlu'|ircval»'iit't'of  Ikmw  nim,, 
Kak's.  wIm'ii  tin-  passa;:i'  ontsido  and  around  tlu*  rape  is  impraotirablo.  It  can  Uc  t.ininl  ,..n  •• 
nioutli  at  low  watii'. 

Tin-  Indian  villa^if  of  tlic  Waatch  ludiaius  is  on  tlu'  north  slion^  <»f  tlu'  slon;;li  at  tin  .uiuh 
It  is  used  as  a  wint«>r  iiahitation. 

ll'((  (//(/(   I'liiiit. — This  forms  the  north   jtoint  of  tli«>  Miikkaw  May.     It  is  a  l>io;id  ini  jni.n 

point  faciii;;  .south,  and  forms  the  southeast  cxtri'inity  of  thi'  loii^;  line  of  rorky  clilfs  I'l (  .h,, 

Flatlcry.  It  terminaten  in  hohl,  rocky  dills  ovcront-  hundrt'd  feet  lii;;h,  and  covind  wiili  |.  !|,^|,, 
tlu'ir  edjii's,  Tlu-ro  are  no  outlyinj;  rocks  olf  it  to  the  westward,  the  farthest  licin;;  iilioin  imu 
hundred  yards  from  the  southern  clitl's.  Oil'  the  extreme  southeast  point  there  ism  IIim' nT  |,,vt 
r<H'ks  extending  out  one  sixth  of  a  mile  and  formiujf;  a  j^ooil  pri>teetion  to  the  moulli  i<r  \\  ,  ,||,.i, 
Slouch.  And  iialf  way  from  the  point  to  the  r<»cky  head  near  the  T.soo-e-e/,  Kiver  thciv  i-.  i  nil' 
of  low,  lilack  rock.s.  In  a  strai;;ht  line  this  |ioint  is  three  and  .seven-eighths  miles  soiiilii,i>i  U\, 
east  (SK.  Iiy  K  )  from  the  Tatoosh  Island  Lijiht  house. 

This  point  is  almost  exactly  north  of  the  I'matilla  lieef  and  ten  and  one  <|uarter  iiiilc>  li-i.ini 

No  hydro;;raphy  has  beeu  done  in  this  .section  of  the  coast,  and  iherefoic  it  musi  lie  nn.il.d; 
there  is  (uie  so-indin;i  of  twenty  ei;;ht  fathoms  of  water  over  sandy  iMittoin  about  four  inilis  sHiui, 
by  east  (S.  by  K.)  from  Totoosn  Island  Li;iht  house  It  is  in  the  reconnaissance  ol'  I^.'.  imi 
another  of  thirty  four  fathoms  over  line  <Iark  sand  is  given  two  miles  farther  out. 

Fnnii  Wtiatcli  Paint  to  Coiiv  Fluttcry  the  distance  is  only  three  miles  and  the  coiii-i-  \i'>i 
northwest,  w  ith  no  outlying  rocks  for  two  mile.s.  The  sh()res  are  rocky  and  high  ciilVs,  luniinl  i.| 
coarse,  tlark  conghunerate  with  low,  rough,  rocky  projections  in  places.  There  is  no  licadi  i\ii|.i 
at  a  mile  ami  a  half  from  the  point,  wlu're  there  is  a  good  .sandy  low-water  beach  under  iln  ,1  in. 
arul  near  the  southern  end  of  the  clitl's  there  is  a  high-water  lu>ach  and  a  slightly  retieaiin.:  Iiluit 
under  which  are  li\e  Indian  hou.scs  visible  t'rom  the  waU'r.  This  is  the  summer  villa;ii  ..i  iln' 
\Va  atcli  Indians,  and  is  known  as  the  Arch-a-wat.* 

I'rom  half  a  mile  westward  of  the  Arch-a  wat  Imlian  village  it  is  impossible  to  walk  oi  Av.wU. 

From  one-  mile  south-siuitlieast  of  the  westernmost  point  of  the  Cape  there  is  u  series  ni  mini 
erately  high,  rocky  nias.ses  which  reach  out  thret'-eigliths  of  a  mile.  There  are  I'om  |i!1!hi|i.iI 
rocks  south  of  Fuca's  Pillar,  sevenfy  oiu',  forty-one,  forty-live,  and  eighty -eight  feet  li:;;li,  •-.  v.  .. 
few  .small,  low,  black  r-jeks  arouiul  them. 

THE  COAST-LINE. 

/Vf»w  I'flnt  ilrrnrHlc  to  Cape  FUtttery  the  country  bordeiing  the  coast  is  moderatei\  1.  >  .. 

den.sely  wooded,  but  within  ten  miles  the  hills  begin  to  merge  into  the  llaiikiiig  high  i ini:. 

the  OlMiipiis  Itaiige.  All  the  hills  are  com  red  with  forests,  and  on  account  of  the  iiinli  i  l<t!i~!. 
the  country  is  marly  impassable.  The  shine  was  inhabited  by  numerous  tribes  of  liidi.in-  ,h  h- 
tonntl  to  war,  and  for  more  than  a  <eiitury  they  were  bitterly  ho.stile  to  the  white  |>eo|i!.  i 
nations.  They  are  far  superior  to  the  Indians  found  along  the  siuithern  coast.  Tlieii  ^  il'.l;;'- 
were  heavily  stockaded,  ami  the  hou.scs  matle  of  cedar  boards  which  iliey  had  cut,  wiili  .;ii  ii 
industry  and  rude  tools,  from  the  trees.  We  have  measured  them  and  found  .some  of  tlies,  .  ..ihl- 
foiir  feet  wide  and  twenty  feet  long,  the  outside  edges  being  about  one  inch  thick  and  tin  ihmI 
die  three  inches.     Their  houses  were  vi'ry  large,  and  are  partitioned  into  stalls  for  eaelii.iMlv 

The  numerous  streams  emptying  u| the  coast  alforded  them  a  never  failing  .siipi)ly  ol  il..  iMir>; 

salmon,  and  the  forests  abound  in  large  game. 

They  i».e  fearless  in  their  caiuK-s,  and  to  (d>tain  means  for  barter  with  the  white  tiail<  i 
attack  and  capture  the  dilferent  Bpecies  of  whale  moving  along  the  sealwiard,  and  n. 
hunters  for  the  .sea  otter. 

At  the  present  lime  the  tribes  are  set. led  in  KeservatioiiH  laid  oil  by  the  Governmeni 
United  States  at  the  <^iiniault  Kiver,  and  from  Mukkaw  Hay  to  Nee  ah  Ihiy. 


il  r\ 
.llfil 

■    111.- 


'.-Jrc/i-.i-ini/.     Iiiiliiiii   villago,  iiamo.     Buiillmouiiiii    Cuiitriliutiunii   lu   KimwliMlne,  '-Wd,   Hprlls  il  \U>\> 
C;  Oil>l>t  iiiiniutl  it  llatrh-ii-wat. 


,..j'-;,n 


t'' 


i 


u 


yy 


Cape  FUtlury,  Kuca  Pillar. 


Tatoniih  Island  LIgbt-lionae,  SSE.,  2i  miloo. 


Duncan  Rock. 


.,/''  ■••• 


■—»■■*■" 


Kv., 


-r  ■■">->--.., 


I'illar  Point.   Clallam  Hay.    Sikou  Point.   Kyilaka  Point.  Seal  Rock.        Wa-ad-dah  Island,  E.  by  8.  f  8.,.'»iniiles.  Indian  Agency. 

^Ii|'  l'i>iiil.  B»-ad-ah  Point. 


Neeah  Bay. 


Village. 


.-'  --■>>  •'Ir •)«">? '^ 


^SeAI  Rock,  i!(H)  Ti-nt,  8.,  1}  inilHH. 


Inner  Rock,  120  feet, 
S.,  1}  miies. 


11 


ll      !     i       l^: 


» :m 


V-  it 


■V  .  V 


l,( 


''     'i 


^. 


'.t.lli 


*  J; 


}ll^ 


'# 


I     r* 


Duncau  Rock. 


Tatoiwh  Island  Light-liouM, 
NK.  JN  .tiiiiiiloH. 


Cape  FlutUry. 


Hcal'illur,  NE.JN.,fiiiiiil«». 


,^=rr;K-^v^^ 


^"\ 


Wa-ad-duli  Iidatid 


Tatoosb  Island  Ligbt-liouse. 
E.  byS.  i8.,7iiiiiliv(. 


Cape  Flattery. 


Duncan  Rock.  Fiica  Pillar,  140  foot. 

Cape  Flattery.  Tat<io«li  Island  LiKht-hoiisiu,  8E.,3i  miles. 


Flattery  Rocks,  S.8E.,  16  miles. 


1|     ' 

IE  ^ 

Hi  i 

It  ! 
11  < 

li 
1 

'1 

iH      ' 
m 

''ii ! 

■:^ 


i    ■; 


HW 

R' 

B 

1 

L^9! 

1 

1- 

s 

mM  i'P  j 

f  i\  1 

1 

l^&^Hli'  :!'    ' 

n 

P 

1-           • 

,  i 

! 

k- 

1' ' 

*  5 ,  ■ 

■v 

.  , 

1 

11 

1 

i 

i 

■  ill 

I'AciKIc  roAsr   I'li.ui. 


r.i3 


LANDI'AI.L.S. 


hi  ulipiDarliiiiy;  tlu'  roast  Just   iiorfliwaril  of  ('ain*  Disaitpoiiitniouf  tlwrc  is  a  long  rniigo  of 

III -li  liilN  N  i^i'>'*'  'ilx'iit  tliirl.v  miles  riiiin  siM\vanl,anil  iiiaiic  oiil  Imi;;'  Ix'ttirt' <'ii|ii'  l>isa|ipoiiitiii<>iit 
,.r>ii|.      I'Ik'  |iii.sitii)ii  III'  till' riiliiiiiialiii;;  |iail  iil'  tliis  iiiii;;i-  is  not  y\  arriiiatcly  laiil  ilnwii.     It 
I  .        -.lA.ii'ii  III'  iSlmalwatcr  Hay  ami  iini'tlira.stwaiil  of  ('ii|if  Misa|iiiiiiiitiiii'iit. 

''■mill  «»/i/)»/»"<.— l''i'orii  (iiay's  llailmr  to  Caiic  Fiattcrv  tlic  iiin.sl   |ii'i)iiiiiit'iit<  iaiiiHall  is  llio 
iss  III' <  H\  iiipiis,  iicriiiiviii;;   tin-  ;;rcatfr  part  of  tin-  ^'icat    Priiiiisiijii  ol'  Wasliin^toii 


am  III 


|i  II  ''ir.v,  l'<'t\vri'ii  lliioirs  Canal,  the  I'^ica  Strait,  ami  tin' oriaii  tnwanls  (lias's  ILirlinr.  Over 
li.iiiL' M-' nuiiirsi'aiial  it  icarlics  .seven  tliiaisaiiil  sexen  liiiiiilreil  ami  se\t'iilv  seven  feet  elevation 
,ii  Muiiiit  Coiistame,  ami  towanl.s  lli«  west  it  falls  only  to  four  tlioiisami  feel  wiiliin  twenty  miles 
,1  '  -.iiiiliiMst  III' Tatipiisli  Island  Iii;;lillioiise. 

Ilie  iiiiiiieKUi-^  ImkIi  mountains  are  masseil  over  a  lar^'e  ana  with  the  iiilmiiial  iiiij  peaks  pioh- 


,ii.:     II 


llv  miles  east  one  hall'  smith   I'riim  the  I'-liittery  Ii'nel.s  ami  thiitv  live  mi 


iithnorllieast 


r.i|ie  I'li/.alieth.     TluMM'titer  of  the  mass  is  appniximatrlv 


|..iiiliiilr IT     Mr  iMirtli. 

|.iill;;llllil|i    I'iJ      III    »ist. 

In  eit,'lit  mmiths  of  the  year  lliis  ^reat  lamlfall  is  eiivereil  with  smiw,  wliieli  lies  in  the  t;or};es 
.ml  v;illi'\s  nearly  the  whole  summer.  It  attains  an  elevalimi  ot  aliont  ei<;lil  tlionsaml  two 
liiiiiilii'il  leet,  lint  it  has  never  lieeii  reailieil,  as  till'  e:iniiiis  ,ire  ileiisely  womleil  ami  almost  impene- 
;i  I'.l.'  w  nil  umh-rliinsh. 

ji  was  tii>t  seen  by  Don  .Inan  Pen/,'  Pilot  ami  I'.nsi^'ii  in  the  l.'oyal  Navy,  in  the  lri;ialo 
\i,,ti'niii,  on  the'.ltli  of  .\ii;;iist,  177 1.  \\'heii  he  maile  lhi>  lainl  lie  sav\  this  hi;:h  monnlaiti  eov<>re<l 
uii  i>  ^iiiin,  ami  the  ^reat  nia.ss  appeareil  isohitetl  with  a  low  wooileil  ruiintiyon  all  siiles  ami, 
ih<I_iiil:  I'i'dmi  the  smoke,  inliahiletl. 

Ill'  plaeeil  it  in  latilnile  •ts~'  o.'i'  north,  ami  ealleil  it  La  Sierra  Santa  Uosalia;  lint  the  aeeoiiiit 
(,!  Ii  N  MiNayi'  was  not  pnlilisheil  until  ten  years  alter  \'am'on\er's  lirst  voya;;e. 

It  was  next  ilescrilieil  liy  Meares  in  .lii!\ .  I7SS,  ami  jilaeed  in  17  10'.  the  error  arisinj;  from 
|iiN  •.ii{i|iiisin(;  il  lo  lie  mneh  nearer  the  eoast  line  than  it  aetnally  is  npun  the  siii;;le  lieariii;^;  whieli 
In' iilisi'iM'il.  In  his  sketch  it  is  maikeil  ipiite  elose  to  the  slime  in  l.ititnile  17''  IT  mirth.  He. 
r.illril  II  Mount  tHympiis,  the  only  name  liy  whieli  il  is  kmiun.  In  17'.>-  \'am'iiii\i  i  tletermiiied 
ii>  |...siiiiiii  approximately  ami  ^;a\e  the  latitmle  17  •■>(•'  north.  In  ISIl  The  Iniii'il  States  E\- 
1,1.''.]wj:  lv\|ieililion  plae«-il  it  in  latitmle  17     t.")'  north.     The  Imlian  name  of  the  raii;;e  is  Small"- 

t. 

<  >iie  of  the  western  ontlyiiifi  peaks  of  this  ran^re,  of  four  thonsaml  feet  elevation,  is  plaeed 
Aijiiy  miles  east  liy  -<iiiitli  three  ipiaiters  south  from  Tatoii.-.h  l>lanil  I.iyht  lioiisr.  It  therefore 
!i'- tiiiirteen  miles  east  liy  north  one  half  north  from  I'latlery  Itoeks  and  twenty  miles  north  liy 
isi  liom  the  (,)nillilinte  Piver. 


iliK  t. 


It'll 


THE  ENTRANCK  TO  THE  STRAIT  OK  JUAN   OK  KUCA. 

lAKlllSlI    ISLAND. 

I'liis  island  IS  the  northwesternmost  I  mil  of  W'ashinjilon  Territms  and  lies  olV  the  southwest 
[••'Wil  III'  the  eiitranee  to  the  stiait  of  .Inan  de  I'nea.  It  is  half  a  mile  westinirlhwest  from  the 
:ii-.iii--i  part  of  t 'ape  I'Matlery.  There  is  one  main  islet  nearly  one  ipiarter  of  a  mile  in  extenr, 
I'l  iliiee  Miiall  ones  and  sevei'al  reefs  awash  close  on  the  west-nnrthwesi  face.  It  is  neaily  llat- 
ii']'"i|  and  without  trees,  lint  is  now  disti;ij;iiislied  by  the  l.iiilit  house  biijlilinj;s  upon  i(.  Tlio 
-  III. KM'  i>  ■me  liiindred  and  ei;;ht  feet  aboxc  hif^li  water,  and  the  sides  are  nearly  verticil.  The 
'M'Me  iii.iss  is  (Mimposed  of  coarse  sandstone  cony;lomeralc  \\  ilh  an  outcrop  of  basalt  on  one  of 
'  M  !i(i^.  There  is  a  depth  of  two  or  ihiee  feet  of  soil  upon  the  top,  wlinh  was  formerly  cnltivatetl 
'v  •!.!■  liidi.ins  (IS.'iLM,  who  resorted  here  in  snminer  about  one  liniidred  and  lil'ly  stroiii;,  and 
Il  II  M  xeial  houses  near  the  only  boat  la  ml  in  i;  on  the  inside  iil'  the  islet.     A  reef  extends  a  ipiarter 

'  Ills  :ii'i'iiiiii|  is  .'IS  riilliiw  ■• :   "  l.aliliiili'    I-     ii'.i  .  s.n\   till'    Liiiil.      Iti'i'i'wiis  mtii  a  liiyli  niimiiliiiii,  ciivrii'il   with 
■     "  liiili  ii|i|ii'.iri'il  liKi' an   i-hiinl  in  llir  ilislaiui'.      Il  i.i  callril    Smilii   /.'ii«(i/iii,  ami    is  ri'iUmwil   In  Im  in    l-     0.".  , 
1      'I  '.I,  1*74."     Ami  attain  :   ".\  iiiniintaiii  iinlalilr  I'ni'  liiiiif;  isnlalril.  ami  mi  all  hiiIis  llu'  uninlry  was  liiw  ami  vvi'll 
i' •!.  ami,  jiiil|;iiii;  fniMi  llir  Nimikr,  il  is  iiilialiitril,      l.atiliiilr  l"     (17." 

172  J I   !•  f .13 


1 


!i 


II 


W    \ 


Mgj 


i      i 


^r- 


•  11 


I'Acinr  cHAsi'   I'll.nr, 


of  it  inilo  olV  til*'  Wi'rttWiiril   siilt>  nl'  t)l*>   InI)!,  ;IIii|    Ihr  wliolr  fXtfllt  of  tilt'   MvtH   itIMi    r)'<'r> 
liiiir  :i  mill'  ill  Ini^tli  west  iiintliwi'sl    \>\  mii'  lli,  <i  <•!   ;i  inilr  iii  whIiIi.      |Iit|i  \va(fi  is  liiiiii<l   >i| 


"lih 


«i(|(S,  cxcfitt   iM'tWffii  (III-  islet  :iii<l  llif  i  iipc.      Iicif  a  ml  i\i>i,-<  ii|tiiii  wlmli  tin'  svm  II 


I' 


lnM\il.viii  li;nl  wtMilii'i-.     Wt'liaM-  Im'oii  jiiloiiiutl   tlial    small  vrssils  liiw  ;,'ttiif  lIniMmJi  n 
saj;i- w  lit'ii  laiiiiiit'tl  l).N  an  iiMt'aMiralilc  wiiiil.      In  so  ijoiii;;   ;^iimI    iisK  iiiii>(   lia\f    Iktm  iiicm     .{, 
Ilic  niiiviiis  111  llif  \ifinit.\  run  vrr.\  irn');nlail\  anil  stmii;;.     Wlicii  a|i|>ri>ai'lii'il  tVniii  Mm      ui 
waul  tins  |i,issai;c  InoUs  as  \\iiii>  as  tin-  t'Miiit  nl'  llir  Islaml. 

Tlir  Finn  rillnr. — I'riim  tin-  tii|t  uC  TaMnsli  i.slainl  a  Iriiiiii.;   incUv  inliiiiin  lUii-  Imiicli.  •    hmI 
t'oit.v  I'i'i't  liii;li   ami   til'l.v    Iri-t    in  liiaiiu'lrr  is  smi   niiii'  liiillis  nl   ,i  milr  mhiII,  lliiit.v  n;;lii  .i     <,. 
iMst   ^S.  .'ts  '  !•;,)   rmni   till-   l.i^lii  liinisr,  ami   <iiil.\  mir    liiiiiilnil   ami   I'.miiIn  >aii|s   I'litin   iIm       i|,, 
wliii-li  an-  iiiii'  IiiiiiiIiimI  ami  l\vi-iil,\    I'itI   lii;;li.      Il  is  jiisi  mii' i|iiailc'i   d  .1  iiiilr  Miiitli  siMi  i,..ivi 
fiiMii  till' wi'sli'iiiimisi   |)iiiiil   iif  ilic  iMpr.      Il    shows  wi'll  wlii'ii   a   Nrssrl    is  a|i|iriiarliiii;,'  'Irn.isli 

Islaml  IVoiii  till'  m>rlli\visH\;ii(l,  ami  is  I  i>t  siiiilriim  IlicSliaii  nl    I'ma  wliiii  llir  lai I  I'm 

is  just  ii|>i'li  li.\  till'  casti'ili  lailui'llt  nl    'r.ilnnsli   Isl.iii  I.      Al   llial  Iiiim'  tin'  jiiilai  lills  niii'  tlni  '  <•!  ll,, 
a|>]>airiil  ^.ip,  ami  llir  tnp  Iraiis  iialt   its  Inraillli  In  srawanl.      It    is  smi   |iis|  hmt  tin'  isiainl 
niil\    ili^.tppcii's   wlii'ii    it    liiai's  sniilliiMst    tlili'«' ipial  li'ls  rasi  ( SI'",.    ,'   I!  1  n\  rr  I  lir  cxt  irinc  « i-i 
iri't' 111' Taloiisli  Islaml.      Il    is  a   tnlli"   liiuliiT   lliiii  llii'MiiK  inrKv  ilill    pisl  iimlliw  aid  nl 


.•.i|.. 


was  rallrcl  llic  I'innarli'  \li»-k  Itv  Mi 


III  .liiiii'.  1  Tss. 


Ill    Sliilllisnliian    ( 'iMltl'ilHltlnns    in  Know  li'il;;i'.  J  .'11,   p.  Si;,  |||<'     pill. II    is    naiiiril    'I'sa  ts.i  1' 
Itrais  to  till'   nmlliwrst  ;   is  sixty  li'i'l  ili.imi'ii'i    al    tin'  liasr,  ilccirasrs   In  a  I'l'W   \aiils  al   tin   i. 
wliirli  is  riiMTt'il  Willi  Inw  sliiiiti'il   liiislirs  ami   ;.:iass.      ||  |>,  mai'rrssilili',  i'\ri'p|  (in   tin' smii  Imm 


ll'.     ih>  pa^'c  IIMI  It 


.1   Ts.ii  fsai  ll. 


iiif,  T\riiii,><it   isi.AMi  t.iiiii  I  Hill  si;.  lAri'.  1  i.ai  1  i;uv. 

This  slriii'tiiic'  is  in'1'li'il   mi  Ihr    liii;lii's|    part  nl    llir   i>laml    Inu.inls    llii'    iinllliwi'slii  n  |.ir 

Till'  l,i.:lil  hnilsi'  is    jiist   iiini'lv   _\.in|s   smilhi'.i^I    liiiiii    ihr   i\l  iinn'  wr^li'iii    pniiil  nl    tin  1 

isli't,  ami  I  sM'iily  Iim'  van  Is  in  rimii  tin-  iil;:i'  nt'  Ihr  rlill.  v\  huh  is  hni'  n  iiirl  \  si'M'Ii  jii-l  aim  ■   1'^ 


ll  rniisists  lit' a  Ki'i'pri's  ilwi'lliii;;  nl'  ;;ra,\  sainlslinii',  with  .1  tnwri  nf  liijck  whiii'u 
rislii;;  aliiiM'  it,  aiiil  sni'iminiitcil  li\  a  lialiislraili' ami  an  imn  laninn  paintril  'ilark.  Thr 
is  till'  finstnin  ul' a  rniir.  Tin-  liuhl  was  liist  r\liiliili'il  I  >i'ri'inliri-  L'S,  Ih.-iT,  ami  shii\v> 
ni;,'lit  rimii  sniisi'I   In  .snnrisi'  w  Jlinl  iihili   lli/lll  (irllh  ml  iil>l)  nt    llli'  lilsl  nlilrlnr   l^'lrslirl. 

It  iihiiiiinatrs  (Jill    )  twn  hiimlrril  ami   si\l.\  I'liiir  ilr;:i'i'i's  nt    tin- lioi  i/mi  ami  tlir  lliiiits  ' 


.-I1..1 


ail'  lit'  visihililv  rxti'lli!  I'lnlll    snlllh    siMi'i'ii  ili'-ii'i's  ras 


I  iS.  It;    I, 


/iiliml    li\   till'  sniitli,  Wi- 


iinrlh  til  iinri  h  .sixl\  li^ijil  ili';;irt's  rasi  ( N.  (is    I',.  I,  inrlmlinu' ^  anriinsiT  Islaml.     To  Ihr  sniill,  n.inl 
this   limit   passi's  taii^rn!   In  I'lallil.N    llnrks.  ami  a  \issrl  will  sir  il   railitiv  nr  Insr   il    lii'lnir  _"    . 
aslinii'.     Iiiiii  I  III' Strait   il  jiassis  iii'.irl\    iaii;;iiil  liiiurin   Tainnsli    Islaml  ami   Nriali  11. i\.     I   > 
lirii:lil  III'  till'  Inral  planr  is  si\l  \  t'niir  I'itI  alin\i'  Ihr  liasi-  nl'  Ihr  Inw  it  ami  nnr  li  mill  ml  a  in  I 
two  fi'i't  alinvi'  till'  nii'aii  li'Vrl  nl'  till'  sra. 

On  till'  lltli  III'  OrtnliiT,  ISsT.  a  rul  rni/wAn  inlmiliii'i'il  into  the  irhiti    liiilil  to  «'nvi'r  tli.    |"-i 


tiiiM  anil  appmai'lii's  to  Diinraii  ami  l>iiiit/r  I! 


Tlii'sr  ilaii^'i'is  lii'  in   Ihi'  axis   iii'   iiiiil'l' 


this  ii'il  r.ay,  wliirh  ciiiliiarrs  7      l.V,  apprii\iniatrl.\ ,  lirtwi'rii  its  oiitrr  limits,     ll  snliti'inls  il 

from  N.  .'il     W.  to  N.  .'},so  \V.     The  wliili>  ra.v  is  not  .sci'ii  inlhi'  spaci-  lovcml  It.v  tlir  rt'tl  i:i.\ 
Duncan's  Itock  is  our  mile  tioiii  tlir  la;;litlioiisi'  ami  Itiint/c  Itork  our  ami  a  ipiarlri  ini 
It  will  liap]ii'ii  that  wln-ii  tin-  aliiinsphni'  islliirk  01   siimk.v  tlir  iril  ray  will  iint    jiriirli 

a    ion;;   ilistaiii'i-   .si-awanl,  ami    vi-sscls    must    tlirrcfori-    lir   prcparcil  tor   tliiN  i-omlitioii  an 

('.oiis('i|iirnct'.s. 

ill  cli.'ar  wealliLT  tlio  lij^lit  .sliniihl  lir  sfi-n  I'loiii  a  ln'i>;lit  of — 

III  I'ri't  lit   a  illslllllir  of   1".°.'  lllill'N. 
■■lit  I'i'i'l  llV.I  lIlNlalHi'  nf   t'.*.7  lllllr.s, 


:tll  I'l'i't  ;il  It  ilist:! 
I'lll  I'i'i'l  al  a  (li-l 


if  ','11. '.I  mill' 


IIH'.'  of 


lllllr 


so'liat  a  vi'.ssi'l  troin  flic  sniithwanl  will  iiiakc  il  ten  iiiihs  lii'lorc  making  the  I'latter.v  l>'i>il 
The  },'i'o;.'raphical  position  of  the  Li;;litlionse,  as  ileti'rmiiu'il  liy  the  L.  S.  Coast  ami  <li 
iSiirvev,  is : 


Lai  it  Mill'  I-    •-';■' 

l.iiiinilmli' I-'I      11 


.'i     imrlli. 

','1     WlHl. 


Or,  ill   liiiii' 


ls">.-,;i<. 


I'ACIIIC    COAsr    I'II.mT. 


IS    lolllMi      'l{.i. 

r  swell  I  ,,, 
iiii^ii  II  ,,, 
■II  lliriii       '.,  . 

Illll     III.  A\ 

>  liiihilii  i  >i,, 
I  rii;lil  .'.  I,. 
riiitii  III. 
iiiiil  h  Sim  ^l  ,1^1 
ifliili;;  'I  iMM-l 
MI'i'ol  I'  .  .  ,;. 
•  IK'  Illll  '  nl  ||. 
till'   i^i,lll    I    .11 

iCtlcllii'  '( •    '. 
waul  III 

Ts.l  Is;,  ,1  ,1,  :     I 

mis  III   III.  i..|,, 

I      lilt-    Mlll'lllMsl 


llWI'Ntn  II  |i,M! 
ill!  Ill  llii'  III. I  II 
I   I'l't'l   llliin  I-  llii 

|U     \\  lllIrA  ,l>|iii| 
.       'I'llr     l.n>,| 
sIlDW        IM'H 

rsMi'l, 

iliilt^  .''  li'. 
Illl,  wi-l.  .11"! 
Ill'  Slllltli^v.llil 
lirlnli-  >;iMli|; 
all  l:.i.\.  Til. 
rcil  ami  >i\n 


ill 


ll 


KVIT   III'     |i"-l 

III'  mill. Ill'  I'l 
itniils  III.-  .11. 
It'll  i,i> 

al'Iri  mil'-. 

t     |irlirll.l!i'  ll' 

ilitiiiii  ami   ii< 


TV   Ji'iM'k-- 

t  anil  Ci'CHli'tir 

i.rlli. 

l-Ml. 


MA 


In  .laiiiiiiry,  IH.V».  tli«  ni;i(;in'tii'  Viirlatioii  was  'J.!  '  oil'  last,  ami  hail  a  y<'!irl.v  iruTi-aHi'  of  tVA, 
Illll    III- I'a.sti-il.v  vaiiatliMi  lias  iii'ail.v  iimiIh'iI  its  (rrrali'st  ran^i'. 

Hull' ,iii>  iitlii'i- ItiiililiiiKN  1)11  til)'  islaiitl  iMiiiiifotvil  uitii  till!  Iil;;lit  house;  onti  is  twenty- 11  vo 
V  ||..~  III  ilir  iiiirllii'ast. 

IIiLh  Ii^IiI  is  aJNo  known  as  tlii>  ('a|M'  Klatti'ry  LiKhthoii.st*. 

STKAM    Foil  .SIIiNAI.   I>N    TATfinSIl    ISLAM). 

\liiiiil  lliiity  yaiils  to  tin-  noiliiwi'slwanl  of  the  Iii;,'lil  lioiis«>  is  thr  liiiililini,' I'ontaiiiinj;  tho 
.'.  I   I  III'.;  siL;nal.     Till'  siiniiiliii;.'  apparaiiis  is  a  twrlvi-  inrli  siiaiii  wliisilr,  wliii'li  issitiinili'il  iliiritit; 
I       Illll  rii;.'u>  wrallii'i' (■»'''c.v  iiiinnlt' ;  t\iv  hltisls  nrr  rif/ht  Kironih   hnuj  AWtl   Ilii"   iiitrrriils  Ji/lf/tiro 
^,,,■ll'i^,     ll  was  fstalilishi'il  Novi'inliiT  I,  l.HT'J,  lint  was  liist  sonnili'il  .Inly  I'.t,  I.S7.t. 

I'lotn 'raliiosli  Islaiiil  l.i;;lit  lion.sr  wr  liaM-  tlii'  lollowiii^'  lii'aiin;;s  ami  ilistanri's  lo  iin|iortant 
,ili|i'its  ; 


('ii|i"'  '  liriinl  l.iulit-liiiiiHi' s, 

(';i|n'  Urr;;i'i>  I.IkIiI  Ii"iihi> S. 


:i:i:i 


ill' 


c.i     !■; 


Yiii|ii illll  lli'iiiU  l.iyliiliiiiiMi.  1  iml  inlrrviNililc) 

Tilhtiiiiiiik  lim  k  l,i;;lil  liiiiHi'  I  mil  iiiliTN  iNililr  I   .S.   :l:IJ      K 


:iii:!;  Miili'N. 

'J'JI      Illill'H. 

I.'iii    Illill'H. 


(■;i|n'  lli.<:i|>|iiiiiitiiiriil  l.i:;lil  I1I111-.1'  I  nut  iiilir\  inilili'l    ."<    X-        Iv  I'.'.M  iiilli' 


Cllirnll  I>|i.|.  II, Hill  nf  C:!!!..  ,l.ilil|.,<in,  nvil  r,!]!.'  Alav.'i .'^.    'Jl  r. 

I'll, Miiii:i  K.'.i.  iiiv  111.' ri.iiiin  iviiiku .s.  n.  i: 

('a|»'  Iti'iili'  l.iylil-liiMHr.  lliri  l;i>  .Smmil,  Vinu'niivir  NLiml  N.  lij  \V 

I 'ill  11 1  1 1.  Ill  illll.  ViiiiriiiiM'i  I  si  11  ml N.  •,".'  W 


llwi'ii  I'liiiil,  I'nil  .'^1111  .liiaii.  Vaiii'iiiivrr   Islaml 


N    •-'.; 


Ila 


It...  Kh  Mulilliiiii 


sr  I  lint    llllrrv  i.sl 


Mr 


Kiiill.ili  I'ninl.  Wi'Hl  siiji'  .Nii'ali  Ma\  (imt  intirvisilili. 


NT!       i: 


'.M  Illill'H. 

I'.'.'  MlilcH. 

;tll|  Illill'H. 

VJk  Illill'H. 

1:1  Illill'H. 

|-|  Illill'H. 

:M  Illill'H. 


A  iili';:ia|ili  lim-  lias  lui'ii  I'staltlisln'il  lntwi'i'ii  I'mt  rnwiisiiiil  ami  'I'atoosh  Islanil  via  I'ort 
.\ii;:rli's.  I'liiin  tlir  Islanil  wralliri  rrpiirts  ari'  sriit  to  all  plarrs  mi  rii;,'rt  Sonnil  tor  the  iiifornia- 
null  ..f  ship  mastiTs. 

Till'  pii'Si'lit  liaiiii'  nf  till'  islanil  is  that  ;:ivi'ii  ti>  iis  wlirii  wr  witi'  Iiiti'  tliiri-  inolltlis  in  1.S52, 
hy  till'  Imliaii  Tiilii'  (tlii'  Miik  kawsj*  inhaliitiii^;  llii'sliori's  ul  Nnali  I'.ay,  tlii'  I'api-  anil  the  uccan 
sliuii' soiiii' ilistaiiri' siiiitliwaiil.     'I'lii'lr  iiaiiii'  tn  ilrsl^iiali*  an  islanil  is  npirlmk't. 

Mil'  r.ntisli  .Ailmiialty  I'liait,  No.  11)11,  rails  tlir  islanil  Tatniu'li. 

On  .Iiini-  -\).  I7.S.S,  Mi-aii's.  passing;  tlir  I'litianri'  to  tlir  sliail,  liuvi- to  nil' this  island,  was  ' 
M^iii-il  liy  tin-  Imlians,  ami  si'iit  an  nlllcrr  to  I'xaminr  it.  who  ii-pintril  that  it  was  a  "  .soliil  rock 
n.\»'ni|  with  a  litlli'  viTiliiii',  anil  siiriiiniiilril  l»y  Ini-akris  in  I'Vi'iy  iliii'i-tion.  "  Tliry  also  "saw 
.1  \i'i\  irinarkalili'  incK  that  wmi'  thr  a|iprai'aiirr  nt  an  nlii-lisk.  anil  stooil  at  .snnii'  ilistani'c  from 
till'  islanil."  To  this  roi'k  hi'  (;avi>  tlii>  nami'  nf  i'innarli-  Knrk.  It  is  tin-  I'ulniniiar,  leaning;  rock 
aiiiail'.  ili'sriiliril  as  till'   Fni-a  I'illar.     Ilr  savslhat — 

I  111   islaml  itsi  If  itpjii'ikri'il  to  lir  a  liarii'ii  rm  k,   aliiinst   iiiairrNHilili',  ami  nf  im  (irrat  fNtriil  ;  Imt  llir  siirfiu'i'  nf 


is   far   as  wr   roiilil   si-c.    waw   iumtiiI    with    iiilialiilaiils,    wliii    wrrr  "a/uiK  at    tlir  slii 


Tlir    rllirf 


.1  III.-  s|m|,  wini.sr   iiaiiir  is  T'alniirlir,  illll    lis  tlir  faMH  nf  a 


\isil.   ami 


irl.\    .Mill  fnrliiililili^'  a  rl.  tiT  wr   liail 


Illll  vrl   srrll 


Till'  Imlians  oviilontly  ^avi'  him  tlu' naini'  of  tin'  island,  which  he  mistook  for  th.it  of  tho 
i't.     Ilisski'trh  of  till-  islanil  anil  rapr  also  inrlinli's  Kork  Diiiu^an. 
Ill  .\iiL'nsl,  IT.S.S,  Dniiran  ralh-il  this  (iii'i'ii  Islanil  ni'  To  Tniirhi'S. 


Too  too  trill-  is  till'  Nootka  naini'  for  Ihi'  ■■Thnmli'rliinl.  "*     Thr  MiiKkaws  ori;;inallv  i-anii'  from 


Illl     Wl 


St  I'liast  nf  X'aiiroiivt'i'   Islanil. 


.Siiiiih.sonian  ( 'out rihnt ions  to  Kiinwh'il^^i',  liL'i),  |).  I,  rails  tlii'  Islanil  Tatnocho  ;  ]t.  <i<),  Tatoo.sli ; 

lii'iit  saysCharili  is  thr  iianii>  nf  thr  islanil,  w  hirli  is  alsni'allril  < 'pa  jn'ta  ;  anil  p.  00,  Opa  Ji'k  ta. 

.■^niith.soniaii  (Contributions  to    Kiinwh'il^i',  I'l-'O,  jjivi's  tin'  iiainr  nf  Ihi'  Thiinik-rbiril,  [».  7, 


I.  '1  klul.s 


Milk  All 


-.Sniillisiiiiiaii   (iiiitiiliiili.ms     In    Kimwli'il^ 


|i.   1.  sjirlls   tlir  iiaiiir  Mak.'ili,  III   iiinri'  prn|ii>rly 


Mil    kali.     I'aur  lll'i  it  Ha.VH  tlir  tlilial  iiaiiir  nf  llir  Muk  kaws  is   Kwr-tiailrlir-rliat. 

t'l'nii-toiirli  is  a  iiii;;lily  mi|M'i  natural  liinl  ilwrllin;' alnft  ami  faraway,  'llir  ll.il>nf  liin  win;;s  iiiakrs  tlir  tliillii]i>r 
T".  tall)  ami  liis  tiin;;iir  is  tlir  fnrkril  lifjliliiin;;  ;  In'  is  t  lir  siir\  ivnr  nf  fmir  Inlils  w  liiili  niirr  ihvrll  in  tlir  laml  nf  tlin 
ll  .«  .  liiikliH  iilits  ill  llir  .Vlliiini  Caiiiil,  tlirrr  nf  wliiill  wrlr  killi'il  liy  l^ii  iw  tr-illit.  (.SfrliOH  mill  .Stlulii'Hiif  .Savago 
1.  !•    ).    IT",  .Sproat,  Loiiiloii,  ISiVs.) 


h 


i 


i     li 


l>r 


iHT' 


ii 


^# 


If.:''. 


,1 1 


■I 


mi  n 


i'ii 


il 


*.. 


>t(; 


I'Aclllr   CMAHl'    I'll. III'. 


ItiM  K     III   NC  \N. 


"Ill        ,,,U|, 


This    IH   ,1    HliLlll,    lnw,    lil.liK    iiKk,    n-lli-     iIi.iM'    llir    Iii-Ih'sI   t  IiIi«*.  ImiI   .iIw.I.Nh  U;|>||i 

wt'slfin  >«tll  «lii(li  liiiMk>  iiMT  II.     I>fi|i  w.itci  j.  rmniil  rliiNi' .iiiiiiiiil  ii. 

'I'lir  liiiK   |s  (III,.  Hill,.  ^  S'.  .!."i      W.ill 'r.lliMisli    Ul.ilnl     l.i:;lil   limix    ;    i|    |<.  I  li   I  lir  r> '/ 

lliiiii  Mil'  l.l;;lit  liiillsi'. 

.\|;lll\  M'SM'N  li.l-o  Ix'tWiTll  lliis  ruck  illlil  r.lliiii>li  Ul.iinl.  .is  llir  rli.iil  ^liuw-.  IwiiiM  lit,  i  ,t|| 
OrilH  III  till-  |i.iss,|;.'f;  litil  ,1  n>i  K  li.is  liiTII  li'jiiil  I'll  III  lllr  rlMlilnl,  .iiiil  II  \Milllil  III-  Wfll  III  .n..|,|  .1 
llillll  llic  iliHll'l  In  >i  I  .Il  |,.>|,  \  .iiir.iiiM.|\  \,.v,,.|s  |i.i>Nci|  lirlMiTii  l!niii.  'I'lic  link  «.l-  liist 
tliitlrt'il  l*>    Ml.   I> '.Ill    III    .\ii;;i|s|.    IT^S,  iiml    |ikii')i|    ili    l.ililiiili'    l>       i:     I  h,  w  liirl,    \  m ,,., 

w  III)  u.i\  I'  It  I  li(<  |iii'M'iit  II. I  Mil-,  nil  I  Ml  In  I 'I  I  .1  I  \  |iii::i.i|iliii'.il  II  iiii .      1 1  I..  Ill  III  II  mil'  |<>      '  r 


hiiiiii;.'  .1   tliii'i-   iiiiiiiiIin'  -.iMx  al    Nii.tli    II. ill |s 


.1111 1  il|iiill  I  Ills  link  \«  Itli  r.llliirs,  lull  I'liiilil   Mi'\  11   I'lli  rl   mil   iili|i'i'l. 


v.',    \\  I'      I  I  It'll      ll|lllll      NI'V  I'l    ll 


III   I 


>.  ^   .1  \)ii 


I.I  II  (III/.  WIS    ri'|iiii  It'll    li\  till'    -.ii'.ini  Iiil;  I'.UiI.i  hi  \\  \\\\:    \\\\\    liiiiiilii'il    mil 


till!  I'    lllltnlll  l|    ,\.II<U    t'.lsl    III     1,'lH   k     Mil  III. I II,    Willi    .1    ill    I  ill  I    I  ir   I  III  IT    Jllll    .1     ll.lll    IiIIkiIIIs   III 

It  .It   li.ilt    I  lllr,       1 1    w.|s  lislii'.l  i||Mi|i. 


W  .111 


III  M  /I,    Kill  K, 

Ni.lll\    .1  ijll.ll  III   III'  :l   mill'  nil     li'iirk     I  llllir, III,  im   llii'   liiii'  llillll  T.itiiiiNli     l>l,ilii|,    Ki'llill    j.li,, 
A  link  li.iN  III::  I  III  11'  I.I  I  III  Mils  III    w  .ilri   II I II  III  II,  J  ml  tn  w  Im  h  lir  '.^.i  v  i'  tliis  n.imi'  ;   in  lii.iv  \  v\i  .iil.i  i 
tin-  .swi'll  lin'Mks  ii|Hiii  II.     Tlii'ii'  Is  i|i-i'|i  w:iii'i  .ill  .irmiml  ii. 

Il     Is    Mill'   Mini    .1    l|U.lllrr    llllirs    (S.   .1.1        W   .       Ill, III     r.lllillsli     Ul.llnl     |,|;;|||    Iliillsl',   .Mill     1^     III    till'    II, I 

lii.\   sliiiH  II  rimii  (III'  l.i;;lit. 

Willi    liii  w  im',  .1    lii'ii\>   sui'll    1111111    t  III    \\i"s|,  I  lili    rill  iriil.  ;iii>l    |i|n\iiiiii\    In    ihrs ill     n. 


links  ;|||i|    I  III'   isl.iml. 


,1    M'SM'I   s 


|iiisii  mil  IS  Mils. Ill',  .iiiil    i^ii'.ii 


I'liMl  mil    sliiiiilil   III'  i'\  ,'irisi'il  II 


.altli;;  lliis  |iail  <>l    I  lir  flltiaili-i'  In  Ilii-  Sll.iil  nt    l''iir.i. 


I'vri:  MM  I  l;l;^ . 


Tlii>  i'\li'iif  ol'  iicfitii   .s|iiif'i>  liiii>   riiiiii   r;i|n'    I  iis.i|i|iiiiii|iiii'iii    III  ( "iijic  l'",alli'i'\  is  mil' liiiMJii.l 

,ll|i|   I'liIlN   I'lulit    inill-s.      Tills    i'M|ir    rnlllls    till'    Miiillii  III    III', III  III'  llii'  I'lill.llir  '  iil    ihr  Sir. ill  nt    .Im.iii 


ill'   I- 


It   I 


I. Is   A    lllljll.    W  ll 


II',  l,i;^;;ril  .si'.i  t.iri-  :i    lillli'    iimii'    III. ill    niii'    liilli'    in    lrlii;tli  Imrtl,  ii,,:i 


st  .1111 1  .SI  III  III  sniitlii'ast,  iiiiil  ,1 1  mil  I   nlii'  liillnllril  .mil   I  w  iliI  \   liil   li 


Ihr  n 


'III) 


IM'K\     ClIlN    ail'  llhl.  !l 


ilisiiiti'''ratfil   l>\   III' 


wi'.irjii''  ai'lmiinl   ll 'r.in  :   Ihr  miiiiiiiiI    iisis   m   mn'   imlii  to  an  jin 


llinlinl.lill  nt  nil  I  I'll  III  I  III  1 1  I'l  I  nl  I  Wii  ihnns.iinl  t'l  tt  rlr\  al  Hill,  ailil  ll.s  llailks  air  rill  11 1 1  Ity  ;.'li|'^r-i  .III 
cnVl'liil  W  Itll  .1  ilrlisi'  ^iiiw  I  ll  iiT  U|i  ;;ii||  |i|||i'  ami  illllinst  llll|ii'lli'!  1  alili'  iimli  I  lnilsli  rinin  lln  r,!. 
of  tln>  I'l  ills  III  t  III'  siiiiiiiiJi.      I'"iir  M'\  I'll  11  l;  III  lis  III   a  null'  Miiitli  -mit  hi.isi  nl    I  'ma  rill.ii'  tin  '.    i 

rnlir  ni||l\  iiiL.'  Inrk.V  lll.lsscs,  1 .1 II  yi  II  i;  1111111  Inl  I  \  nlii'  III  rights  li'i  I  III  lli'l  i;  ll  I .  ainl  I't'arlllll;;  llilr 
i'i;;lillis  III'  a  mil  '  I'lnni  llir  rlllls.  'i'lif  w  Imli'  lilii' nl'  rlills  is  luinli'ii'il  li\  Inw Mark  Inrks,  is  .n 
as  sniiii'  h|;;|iii    m.issi's  Ihal   aii'  rinsi'  llillll  I    llir  s||ii||.. 


I'lici  I'll!. ir  III'  I'innai'li'    llmk    has  al 


ii'.iiU   till 


11    liirlil  jniii'il   ;\)*   hillL'   rInsi'  nnilcr  its  snntln 


|ini:i 


I.       \\  hill  s(  I'll  I'lnlii  t  III'   siiill  hwi'sl  w  .ml    the    iimliiit.illl    mass  nl'  ( ',i|(('    I'lat  tri'y  i.s  lai.scil  .i,>  .li; 
isl.iml  nil  .iiriiiinl  nl'  Ihr  m.n'sliv   \.illi'\  III'  till'  \\°a  aii'h  iiiiiiiini;  Inliiiiil  it  Irniii  Ihr  nii'.iii  at  Mult 
kaw    r..i\    In  Ni'i'.ili    \\\\\ .      'I'lir  lirsi    |in.s||iiiii    Inl'    si'tin;;    I  his    |ii'rilliai  it  \    IS  wlirli  a  M'ssrl    is   si\  ,,i 
srvrli  null's  sniitli  liy  wcsl    llniii    llir   'ralnnsli    IslamI    l.iylil  limisr.      I'"l'iilii   lliis  iliirrlimi    lli.    1   . 
iiiiiiiiilaiiis  nil  X'.imniivi'r  Isl.iml  Innm  iiji  anil  slnlili   I'ai    awa>   In  ihr  iinrthwrsl  ami  In  tin  ii.il 
rast  ..aid. 


W'lirli  a  \rssrl  is  folly  mill's   ti>    llir   sniilh  sniithrasl    tlir    imiiiiilaili   nl'  t'a|ir    l''|att 


l'l\       1-      sir' 


snini'wlial  r.iiiitly  niitsiilr  tin'  Inwrr  ainl  ihirkrr  niillinr  n|  rapr  .\la\a.  .\  slinri  ilislaiicr  niitsidi 
nf  thr  caiir  thrir  Is  Ihr  si|iiair  Carinll  Islrt,  ilistanl  si'v  cnii'di  inilis,  in  l.il  ilinlr  |S  iiii|'.  »  ili  .i 
pail  III  .la;;;;i'il  Islrt  just  srawanl  nl'  il.  I'lnm  this  rmk  stirlih  raslw.inl  llir  lii;:li  r.iinli\  »■  i  n 
iiiiiiinlains  nt'  N'atirmixrr  Islainl. 


As  tlir  rapr  is  apprnailiril   Capr    I'Mallny   iisrs;  ami  wlirii  a  xcssrl  is  south  smith 


Ul'-l     ll.'Mi 


thr  inniil  h  III' Ihc  (^(lljlllliillc  |;i\ri',  Ihr   ;:rln'ial    Inw   wiinilril    line   nl'   llir   rnasl    .stii'trhrs    \\u\  ili 
rirasin;;    lii'i;;lit    m.uly   miiml   In  thr   mu  ih  mnl  liwrst.     Ovri' this  Inw  niillinr  air  .slii;litl.\    lii:;liii 
ami  mini' ilisl.inl  wunilnl   liilN.      Whrii   C.ipr    I'laltns    lirais  iinith    li.\    wrsi    I  liirr  ipiailrl's   wrst 
(N.  lis    W.    ,'   \\ .)  al   Ihirt.N    Ihlrr  miles  ilistanrr  thr  l'"lat|i'l.\     l.'ni'ks.    twrlit\   our    liiilcs   ilislaM,  .ih' 


•A»ll  IC    riiAST    I'll.or. 


.17 


W:i>licil      .     I,, 

(' '/  I ihi      ,u\vii 

\rlll\    h        I  ,||, 
VM'II  !•>   <    „,!    ' 

III!    I>       «,1         III.' 

nil   \  iilii-.nr  (I 

.ll    uciM    :r,|,,  ' 

'.I      III. I     '    '.   '  . 
.>  Ill    u  ,lll  I    >.    .  ' 


Kl'llrll     i>li.. 
III. IV  \    «i.iI|mI 

ll    Is     Ml    I  III'    II. I 

llirsr    iilllhiii: 
I'll'ISCtI   Ml   'i.l.  . 


!>.  Dllr  liii  !.|ii.| 

Sir.iil  oi  .1  i-i' 


ll   MiH'tl.  iM>:li 
rliiVs  .III'  tiMli'ii 

I  illl  II  ir'.'lllll 
li\    ;,'lll  ;.is  .ll|i| 

I I  Hill  llir  I'll.'i' 
•ill.ir  tlirfil!.- 
iMrllill;.'   I '  ll- 

liicK>.  .1%  wi-il 

III-  its  ■.iiiitjiill; 

!.•<  lai.M'cl  .IN  .1'! 
iii'i'.iii  .1'  \I  III 

OSI'I      I- 

I'liiHi  1 1  '    I  .! 

Ill     III    III!      Mlil'lll 

■'ImIIi'I  \  I  •  Ni''''i 

;|;iliri Siil'' 

IS  (IMi  .  vy;lli  .1 
;;li   l';iilil!\   >i'iii 

l)llllHM'-l  li"l" 
ti'lli'S  «  ;'i  ill' 
'll-ilti-.     '•  JhI 

i|iiarli"-  »i'^' 
I'.s  ilisj.ii  I,  ;iii' 


lillnl   nil    till'    liii|l/i>li    oM'slij.'  Ill)'  liliill   n|('a|ii'  I'lilllilv,  wliirli  sjiow.s  ;i.s  riij|||l\    liilllll;;  lil;;ll 

iiinlil    wliuli    IS    llic   ri>Mi|iill;ltlVrl,\    li.w    | t    id    r,i|ii'    .\lii\;i    In  lijiiil    tlii'    I'l.illrn     K'orK.s. 

(i'ltlillKMit  Illl   lilf  lliill/nli   illlil   jllxl   llllili  I    Illl'  .Sim I   III'   till'  i',||ii'    \H    llif    |||;;||   M|l|.|ii'    r;iriii|l   |s|i| 

.i;li   |>'ii  jiiwiT  .mil  MiiiilUi' riirk.s  |ii>l   iiiiisHJc.     A   HJiiiit    ili-liiiirr  iiisiilr   iil'  tins   \.-*   seen    <'iiU« 
l.'iH  l<  liiii;;,  iiMxIciMli'ly  low  Willi  ii  iiiiiimil  in  ilir  niiilillc,  iiinl  Itliiik. 

Iliilii    tilt'    lli>rllllTlllliii.sf    |>:itl    til'  Illl-   i'll|ir  III*'  ^i-1li'l;il  iliri'i'tiiill  III' till'  >1miIc  lilif  tiiimiii;:  ilitii 


<ll;ill  III'   I'lHM  i.H  linllil  Hi'Vi  lil,\   «lr;;l ccs    cjisl    (N.    7<l      l',.i    liir    liilll    liii 


I'S     III     >('!■. Ill 


I'liiv,   anil 


llii'lnc  I  III-  .siilllllflll  slmH'  litlliiw.s  tilt'  ;;i'iii'|al  ilil'i't't  inn  iil'  tlir  Si  I  ail  ol'   I  lira  In  tilt'  fa.sUMIld. 

Illl'    illlliiriliatr   slinli'  lilir   Inimil    In    Nuall    Ha.S    is   iif  the   xailic   rmliitlilm;;   I'lnUaiii'l'  as    lilt' 

Ill  liiiiil  ;  ll   is  liniiliiiil   li\    iMltiii;;  ii.iKv   |iiiiiils  iiiiil  itil'.s  I'm' llin  t- aiin  a  li.ilf  iniirs  ami  lias 

|.iii  niic  slinil    stnli'li  III'  lii'arli   a  i|il.il  ll  I' III' a  liillr   Inirj,  li.n  knl  liy  lil;;i  ,  \tniii|.i|  liilKnlrs.     This 

xi,.il    lirafll    i.s    |VM>   anil    scMIi  t'i;,'litlis  linlrs  ilisnlf  n|  'r;ilnns|i    Uliiiiil.  liiii'S  In  till'  iinllllWI'Sl,  anil 

-:   i 'I'll  I  III  I  il   is  till'  sli  If  kai  It'll  \  ilia;;!'  til' ( 'llssft'l,  linu  ll^i  i|  ;i>  l  In-  .siiiiiimi    linini'  nl'  llir  >'illl..kll\V,s. 

I  iiilii  tlir  slitiiis  iif  < ',i|ii'  I'lalli'iv I  Illl' sliiiii'  In   Nil  ,ili    I;, IV,   till'  t|i'|itli  tif  waliT  laii^fs 

ll Illl   lallmiiis  at    ,i   i|ii.irti'l'  nl'  a  liiili' iiiiInhIi'  1 1||.  >|init' iirl' In  I'm  I  \  iiinl  .-.iNlx   t.il  liniiis  at  niii' 

null'  1111111  slliilr.  'I  Inl  r  Ih  lint  llllll  ll  Ul'l|i  aliiUlM  III'  caji)',  liiiailsi'  it  Is  Imii  ;\\\a\  Ii\  IIii'  lii'a\'.\ 
...  !l.  I  lilt  sli.i;;;;liliu  Kilji  is  Iniiiitl  iii'ai' < 'lis.st't't  \  illa;.'t',  anil  in  lai;;fi'  mass  a  mil  nil  KnJilali  I'liinl. 

Illl'  Illl  irllts  ail'  \rl.\  slimi;.;  ainimil  llir  t'a|ir,  rrarliin;;  as  nillrli  as  llirrr  liiiirs  prr  liniir 
ilmi;.'  llir  slinlr  ;  llir\  srI  irif;;nlail\  liiillnl  I  lir  ra|ir, 'ratnnsli  Islallil.amI  l.'nrK  bum  .III.  Ilravv 
.  Ill  nut  I  ijis  .lit'  srrii  lirt  wrrii  llir  i  si.  mil  ami  llir  rajir  ami  llii'inr  Invvanl    Nrr.ili  I>a,V. 

I'll. Ill  llir  airnimt  nl  llir  r  \  [liiil  ,i  I  lull  nl  Itiili  .In. ill  I'.lr/.  m  tlir  llli;alr  Stillllilill),  ill  1771.  Wr 
ll  ,1111  lli.il  111  .\ll^nsl  lir  »as  in  tlir  lalilmlr  nl'  ( '.Ijir  I'latlri  s  ami  .St  1,1 1 1  III'  l''lira,  I  Ml  I  Ills  Inu  stairs 
ili.it  111   |s    17  I saw  I  lir  laml  at  a  urral  ilistant'i'"nnl\ .     'I'lir  jniii  n.il  nl  I'lav  .limi|iri'n  .Sma,  \n  Im 

li.i.l  •  li.ll  i;r  111  I  111'  nii--sinl|s,  rlr.,  slinw  s  lli.il  t  iir  |iiis||  jnlis  ii|  I  lir  r.l|i|.llli  .mil  |  Inl  urlr  Inllrli  at 
\.lli.ll|ii.    Inn     wliirllfMI     WIS    M;;|il     llir    rnj,';.'\    ami  t  llli  l>     W  r.il  lirr  |iri'\  cnti'il   1 1  rin  srrillj^  lllllrll  nl' 

illl'  I, mil. 

In  Illl'  sriniiil  r\|iliH'al  inn  nl'  tlir  rnasi  li\  llrrrt.i,  in  1 7 1'.'i,  lirltllrr  III',  linr  l!iiilt';.M,  Inn 
Milliirllr  li'|iiirt  M'l'in;,'  this  rajir  ni  il  Irlalliili  In  I  III'  Sl  I.iil  III'  |''iii  .  'I'hr  ,'\|ir(lit  Inn  liail  inri 
\nlli  tllsaslri  at  Tajir  l'!li/..il)rl  h  .iinl  liiiil,r  ii|i  mhui  allri.  Tlir  l.i  .1  innlririirr  was  ,liil\  I'll, 
ijiliin;;  llir  liliilit.  Ill  latilinlr  |s  ,  w  Itrn  thr  I'l  i;:alr  ilniilnl  In  Irl  iini  ililrrl  In  .Miilitrlrx  ,  anil  tlir 
M  linniirr  •'  riiiwilril  s.nj  in  |  lir  w  rsl  w  .11  il  ami  I'm  mil  I  hrinsrlMs  mastris  nl  llirir  nw  n  arlinir-."  On 
llinr  III  11  in  In  mi  I  iini  I  liw  rsl  I  lir\  niailr  I  lir  rnasI  aL:am  si  in  I  h  nl'  |s  |,ii  in  llir  w  rsl  waul,  ami 
.iiil>  illrw   III  at  (  .i|>r  l'!ll/..ilit'lli  In  rsaminr  llir  rn.isl  lliriiir  In  |li     .'III    linitli. 

Tlir  II. iiiir  til' till' ra|ii'  IS  thai  whirl;  <  nnk  j;.i\r  In  this  Inailhiml  in  I77.S.  In  17S.S  ra|itaiii 
liiMii'.m   aiii'hnri 


nil  llir  .'  mil  ll  slinlr  nl'    I  lir    St  I  all   nl'  .III  a  11    ilr    I'llra,  nil    a   \  illa;.'i'   W  llir  ||  hr  rails 

Cl.i.isit,  ni  (la.isrt,  in  |>  .'{If,  ami  I  III-  latirr  iianir  lir  j;a\  r  In  thr  rajir.  On  irrnii  |>i  iii.>|i  r  hails 
it  IS  ra  I  It'll  Cajir  <  'l.is.srt  tir  l''lallri'> .  Iirrailsr  in  I  7''!'-'  \'am'iin\rr  .statril  that  as  tlir  iiamr  uivrii  li\ 
till'  inili.ins  In  tlisllii;,Miisli  il,  lull  in  a  mai;:inal  iintr  il  is  rallril  ■■rajir  Flail  rrv."  On  I  >r  .Mnl'ias' 
iii.i{i  ll  IS  r.illt'tl  "  ('.  {''lattrl'V  nr  1.  'I'liliisy."  In  I s.'i'J  wr  I'tiliml  lli.ll  lilt'  Ihril  lirad  rliirl' nl'  t  hr 
\liil>  ka.Ns,  a  jiiiwci  Inl  iiiaii  almiit  Im  I  \  nr  I'ni  I  s  li\r  _\i'.ir.>»  td'aj;r,  railrd  hiinsriraml  was  rallnl  li\ 
llir  liilir  I'lissrrl';  lint  wrrniilil  lint  asrri'taitl  llir  inraliili;;  nl'  tlir  wiM'il  nl'  w  lirlhrr  I  his  w  as  all 
li'inlil.ii  \  tillr.     On  Ihr  Wfslnn  <'nasl  tlir  r.ijir  is  imi\  risallv   knnwii  as  ('ajir  {'"lailrry. 

I'lnin  llir  llnilsnii  Hav  < 'mil  jiaiiv 's  rliirl'  rarlni's  w  r  lia\  r  Irai'lird  that  it  w  as  nrai' this  rajir 
lli.il  .1  .Lijiaiirsr  jimk  was  wirrknl  in  1S''!.'1,  arrminlsnl'  wliirhair  fniind  in  I'lrlrhrr's  nariati\  r  ami 
"1   'hat   nf  llir    I'nitril   .Stairs    I'lx  jilni  in.u    llx  jirilil  inn  ;    alsn  in   .SrliiinlrralTs    Inilian  'I'l  ilirs  nf  Ihr 


I    lillril  St. ill 


L'l; 


111 


r    lim 


k  hail  niii,'inall>  arrrw  nl'  Ihirlrrn  |it  ismis,  nl'  wlinin  Iwn  inrii  and  niir  Imy  wrrr  alivr 
njiin   .s|n>    Was    linardrd    Ity  Ihr    'iilkkaws,  nlVCajir    {''latlrty.     'I'hr   siii'n  ivnis    wrrr    lakrii    iiitn 
l.iM';.\,  lull  aUriwards  irilrciiiril  lis  Ihr  llmlsnii  lias  ('miijiaiiy. 

'I'liis  uifi'k,  with  llial  at  ('lalsnji  I'nint  ami  oihris  rniiiid   at  sra.  shnws  slrnnuly  tlir  dirrrtinii 

•  ll   llir  |iii'vailin;j  winds,  and  rsjirriallv   tlir  iiilliirnrr  nl' Ihr  ;;iral  .lajiaii  Warm  Stirain  (hat  ritis.sr.s 

llir  I'arilir,  and  rrarhrs  tln^  Aliirriran  roast  almiil    lalilinlr  .Vi  ,  w  hrif  il  tliviiirs,  Ihr  j^rratrr  part 

iliiwiii;;  ilnw  n  Ihr  coast  iit  ilriiisji  4 'nliiiiiliia.  Wash iiii; Inn,  Orr;;nn,  and  ('alil'oriiia,  and  tlio  .sinallrr 

iiamh  swiriiint;  clnsr,  aloiiy  the  iiorthwesl  slmir.s,  and  uiiilrr  KadiaU  IsUunl  turiiiii;,'  to  tbe  south- 

«  I'St . 


m 


I  ll 


I  i 


i;'i 


i'  ." 


>     I 


i 


i 


!^ 


^ ' 


IS'i/ 

1.  ;.  ,f 

1 ""'  ' 

,J*  ' 

'"'i   ' 

1; 

|:! 

i 

n  ■ 

r)i8 


PACIFIC    COA.ST    riliOT. 


nEroUTKD   llANK   ol'   CAI'F.   KI.ATTKRY. 


Tlu'i'o  has  Im'011  lUM'xliiiustivc  hydrojirapliic  survey  of  tlic  approadios  to  tlic  ciitriuirt  i  n,, 
Strait  of  I'lica.  The  liv(lro;;ra|)liy  so  far  as  «'xt'nit«'(l  by  llu>  IWilisli  and  Aiiu'iicaii  Sin  m  .  ;i|,i 
cat*'  tlu-  oxisti'iii'f  of  cxti'iisiv*' hanks,  liiit  no  ilt'ptli  of  less  than  tliirtv  llirrc  fatlioms  i.-  ^u,.;, 
'["he  siihinarin*'  valley  of  the  Strait  of  Fiiea  is  liarreil  alirnplly  at  the  nortliwesl  suli  ut  ii,,. 
enlranee,  ami  seems  to  run  sharp!\  aiound  and  outside  Tatoosh  Island  to  the  soiithsdutliu.  v|  |,„ 
a  few  miles. 

Notwitlistandiii);  these  i)nhlisln'd   results,  several  naviy;ators  have  rep*. 1  less  di  i.ihs  ,,| 

water,  and  it  seems  oidy  j)rinlent  to  l)rietly  refer  t.)  them.  Fifteen  miles  hy  esiiinatuin  iml  \vi>i 
northwest  (WNW.)  Iroiu  ("ape  I'lattery,  it  is  reported  that  a  hank  exists  ha\  in;;  ei};hteeii  l.iiliniii, 
upon  it.  The  ehart  ;;ives  thirty"i;;hl  tatluuus  in  this  vittinity.  !•  ISOI,  a  vessel  ic|hiiIi(|  Ii.imm.^ 
aiu'hored  for  twenty  two  hours  during;  thiek  weather  iii  twelve  fathoms  o\»'r  a  hottoiii  of  -in  ^.h,,! 
and  black  speeks.  I'pou  the  weather  eleaiiiifj  up  slu<  was  westsouthwesf  (WSW.)  Iim;  (  ,i|i,. 
I'Mattery  and  eould  jllst  see  the  fop  of  Tatoosh  Island.  This  would  i)laee  her  tifteeli  oi  -i\ic,M 
n;iles  from  the  island.  In  her  supjiosed  jiosition  the  ehart  y;ives  sixty  to  ninety  fathoms.  In.liih. 
IStt"),  the  .sehooiier  Urmit,  iif  Vift<ui;i.  diseoveretl  eod  lisliiu;;  "li'ir.ks  olV  Cape  I'laltery  ami  .  iiuhi 
live  barrels  of  eod  at'ter  two  hiuiis  |j>liin;:.  The  lish  aie  known  as  red  eod  and  wei;,'li  fioni  livi  |.i 
tit'teen  iiounds  each.  The  bank  has  soundiii;;.^  in  twenty-live  fatlxMus.  and  is  sixteen  iiiilr-.  iii:iih 
due  west  tVomCape  l''laiter\.  This  location  lias  no  soinuJiiiKs  and  lies  between  lilt. \  ami  iiuriv 
live  fathoms  of  water.  In  \!<lu  an  examination  was  made  by  the  I'.  S.  Coast  Sur\i  \  Im;; 
Fduntli  ini/  of  halibut  baidis  in  lifty  fathtuns  of  water  otf  the  southwest  coast  of  \  iiii(iii;\(i. 
This  is  an  liidian  tishiii;;  ^KUind  on  the  tail  of  the  bank  stretching;  twelve  miles  soiiili  t';..iii 
Nitinat  ICutraiu'c.  Then  (as  in  1S.")1'  when  we  were  at  Neeah  1\a\)  the  canoe-*  p)  (uit  from  Nii.iii 
liay  on  the  ebb  iiirrent  on  a  certain  back  rau;;e  and  c<Mitiuue  until  they  have  c  cross  i.mi:,.  ,.|| 
N'am'omer  Island.  Tiiey  catch  an  avera;;e  of  lifty  lish  of  f(uty  pounds  weijiht  each,  of  iiiilnli  iiiii 
nualitx,  and  then  reliirii  with  the  llood  current  and  the  westerly  wiiiil.  No  extcndeil  exiimiii.iiiini 
was  made  by  the  bnu. 

About  latitude  1>i  ^l.">'.  and  seventy  live  ■iiiics  west  by  S4)iith  from  Tatoosh  Island,  l.a  I'l  ii"i>,' 
si.audcd  over  a  bank  liaxiiij;  lliirt>  tiv  c  tathoins  and  a  )ieblily  lio'tcun.  On  a  line  almul  '\>r!ri 
miles  north  by  east  trom  that  point  he  ;;ot  forty  t  «'o,  forty-li\f.  sixty-live,  sexcnty  live,  ami  iluM) 
four  f.itlKHiis;  thence  southeast  he  iiicrea.sed  his  depth  to  uiuet\  futhoiiis  in  about  seven  iirli-. 
The  wcallici  was  fo;;;;y,  and  he  had  no  obscr\  atioiis  foi  position.  This  is,  doubtle,  .tlic  li.ihk 
l.siii;;  tiiii'l.N  the  to  forty  live  miles  west  t'rom  Cape  I'"latt»'r\.  ami  making  out  from  liarcla,\  ^.iiiiii 
The  I'!ii;;li--h  chart.  No.  I'.MT,  exhilnts  this  bank,  to  which  I  have  applied  tlit^  name  l.a  I'l  ihum-, 
The  ;;cneral  ehart  ;;ives  a  fair  representation  of  the  dejith  of  water  otV  the  entrance  to  the  xr.nf 
of  Fiu-a,  and  indicates  the  deepsuhinariue  valley  )iarallel  with  the  coast  a  short  distance  mmi:1i  ..| 
Cape  Flattery,  but  the  Ibllowiii;;  li;;ures  are  instructive: 

Oil  a  ;;encral  direction  of  southwest  half  west  from  Tatoosh  Island  Lif;!it  house  there  .m  ih,. 
follow  in;;  de|itlis  of  "  ater  at  the  ;;iven  distances  :  ,i|  four  miles  thirlv  -lour  fathoms,  at  nun'  niilr-  o\i,- 
hiimli'ed  and  ei;;lit  fathoms  oxj-r  muddy  bottom,  at  seventeen  miles  seventy  two  fathoms,  at  t"(iii\ 
li\e  miles  lifiy  ei;;ht  fathoms,  at  thirl\  miles  seventy  two  fathoms  over  mud,  at  thirty  seveii  miles 
iiinetN  three  fathoins,  and  ,it  Ibrty  three  miles  one  hundred  and  Meveiitysix  fathoms  o\ir  niiiddv 
boitoiii.  It  is  \ei,\  esiileat  that  the  UKU};iual  plateau  of  the  seaboard  t^xteuds  well  out  finiii  the 
coast  line  in  this  latitude. 

STHAIT    OK  JUAN    DE    FUCA. 


The  entrance  to  this  strait  from  the  I'acilic  i  *cean  lies  between  Cape  Flattery  on  the  \N  aslii 
side  and  C.ipc  Itoiiilla,  on  \'aueou\fi'  l>land,  which  Ibrms  the  muthein  shore.  Its  width  i> 
tweUt'  miles,  and  the  l-eaiin;;  from  Tatoosh  Island  to  Cape  Ilonilla  is  north  ci;;htceii  ih 
west  (N.  bs  W'.).  From  this  line  the  strait  runs  ea-t  for  Ibrty  the  miles,  with  a  uniform 
of  ch'\cii  miles.  It  ^'radnally  coiiiiacis  to  ei;;ht  mih-N,  between  lieechey  Head  (Ui  the  mull 
Striped  Peak  on  the  south,  maintains  the  same  ilireetion  and  width  tor  live  and  a  hall 
farther  between  Uace  Itocks  and  Point  .Vn^eles;  then  «'han;;es  its  dire<'li(Ui  to  northeast  I'; 
(Ni;.  by  i:.)  lor  thirty  two  inileH  to  the  western  shore  of  NVJiidbcy  Island.  Kast  of  Race  le 
expands  to  the  northward  to  li  width  of  ei;;hteeii  to  twenty  miles,  anil  divides  into  I" 
channels,   the   <'an,d  de    llam  and    !:osario   Sir.tit,    both  leadiiii;  throU|,'li    WuMbiuglon 


,lh.iii 

_:ui  - 

ndlli 

.iiiil 

L-  II 
■ I 


rACIKIC    COAST    I'll.O'l'. 


51  J) 


oiitraiii'i    .|'  til,. 

'ill!   Sur\r  .  ■-  ilid' 

;illioiiis  1^  uncii. 
west    siili    .It  III,. 

llllSdlltllU      'Nt      I,, I 

il   less   ili|,i|iN  ,,f 
iiatiiiii  .iiiil  \\i'>i 

CiUlltt't'll     I    llll,l|l!^ 

IT|l01-tlll  ii.iv  111^ 
Idlll  of  -I.i\  s.iinl 
I'lSNV.)  II,,!;!  (  ',i|i,. 
iftri'Ii  ni  ^ixtnii 
lllliitll.s.      Ill  .liih, 

iltt'i'v  ami  .  ,iii;lii 
ici^tli  tYiiiii  ii\i  I,, 

tl't'Il  mill''-  lii;lll\ 

I  I'll'tN  and  II ty 

iia.sl   Smvi'v    liiir 

St    <it'    \  .llinii;\|.i, 

null's  sdiii  h  I'itiiii 
;()  out  t'ltmi  NCi  .ih 

•   Cl'OSS    l.lllLir  I'll 

acli.ot'  iii(liilVi,.|ii 
ndi'il  cxaiiiiii.itiiiij 

slaiiil,  I. a  I''  liiiiM' 

IIIC     llllOUt      'Ml!l'\ 

\  livi',  ami  iliiii) 
iImiuI  si'Vcii  lull  ■. 

Illltll'.     ,  tllr    li.llJN 

l!arcla\  .■>.u;ii,; 
If   I. a  1  'i  iMiiM', 

ICf  to  the  Mi.ill 

istaiK'c  >iiii;li  "1 


n 

lai 
an 
.11 


St'  tillTl'    111    till' 

I  imio  nil'. -"Ill' 
loms,  at  t'M  iii\ 
irt  v-.scvt'i.  iiiilf> 
ins  ovi'P  iiiiiilil> 
ell  out  iVoiii  llic 


tlicWasliii 

i;i... 

s  width  i> 

1,..||' 

•iyhtcfii  d. 

^1,1- 

1  nniloi'iii   ' 

Mllll 

1   the  iioiil 

.III. 

and  a  li.iii 

..ill 

oitlicasi  1. 

.    1- 

.r  Ua.'.'  i; 

cs  into  1  • 

-ll!| 

sliingtoii   : 

■  ni'i 

iK.nliwaril  (o  tlio  Oiilf  of  (it-orfiiii-  It  i"*  tt'iniinatcil  on  lln^  I'.ast  l>y  Wliidht'.v  Island;*  at  tlio 
.imtlic.ist  il  itiis.s('s  itilo  Adiniialt.v  lidct  iiiid  Viv^vl  Sound,  and  is  lioiiiwled  on  tlio  sontli  by  tlio 
iii;tiiilaiid  of  Wasliinnton,  wliicli  forms  tlio  oiitiro  .soiitluTii  slioro  of  tlio  strait.  From  tlio  ocean 
i.,  \\  liidltc.v  Island  till'  inidclianiu'l  distanro  is  i'i;;lit.vtbit'o  mili-s.  The  dcplli  of  water  tliroUKliout 
the  .still,  i.-*  reniaikaldy  {rri'al,  no  liottoin  lu'iii^'  found  in  its  deepest   parts  with  ono  liiindied  iiiid 


fiv  lailionis  of  line,  and  the  ten  fathoiii  line  is  elosti  ninler  the  shores.     It  is  tho 


II 

ilic  waters  o 


f  Adniiially    Inlet,  Piij'et    Sound.   I'ossessi- 


main  artery  for 


m  SiMiiid,    Hood's  ('anal,  Canal  (U^  llaro, 


t.iii. 


,.n'f 


,;iiio  Sliail,   Ilellin^iliam   I'.ay,  and  the  vast  (Jiilf  of  (leoinia.  ext.'iidiiijj  between  Vaneouver 
ml  Hritish  Columhia,  forone  hiimlred  and  twenty  miles,  with  an  avera^jo  widtli  of  twenty. 

IT  miles  per  hour;  and  oil' tint 
are  lioM,  alinipt,  and  luivered 


lie  1  iiireiits  iiiii  with  an  aveiaf,'e  veloeity  of  not   less  than  tli 
mils  ami  r.eei'lie\  Head  over  six  miles  an  hour.     Tin 


Willi  a  heavy  f,Mowth  of  varied  tiniher  ami  den.se  iimleiiuiisli.  On  the  north  side,  the  mountains 
ii-c  Lipidly  from  the  water,  and  many  attain  an  elevation  of  not  le.ss  than  live  Ihon.sand  or  six 
tlioii.sand  feet.  Tlie.so  urtuHiveied  with  liraiid  spi  iiee  marlv  to  (heir  siimniil.s.  On  the  south  side 
Im  lliitly  miles  t'lom  the  enhMiii'o  the  shore  is  lionnded  by  hills  I'loni  one  to  (wo  tliou.sand  feet  in 
liniiht.  baeked  by  the  Jaj;,neil  Olympus  ranp'  of  more  than  ei;;lit  thonsanil  (wo  hundred  feet 
(Il Milioii.  For  the  next  lifty  miles  the  shoie  is  jjeiierally  a  steep  elilf,  I'roin  til'ty  to  two  hundred 
I'rit  lii.uh,  witha  Hat  and  den.sely  wooded  eoiintiy  extemlin^  nearly  to  the  foothills  »)f  Olympu.s, 
;iiii|  slrelehin^'  farther  south  as  ^v(^  move  eastward.  When  pa.ssiii-;  through  the  strait  (he  },M-eat 
i)l\iM|piisraiij;e,  when  elear  and  dark,  looks  as  if  it  overhiinf,'tlie  lower  line  of  wooded  land  forming 
llie  .smith  shores.  This  lower  line,  at  ten  miles  distai.ee,  loses  its  distinetive  features  exeept  where 
siiili  ihip  bleaks  as  Port  Discovery,  Si|iiiiii  May,  e.e.,  biiaU  the  eonlinnily,  and  when  there,  is 
Mitliiient  haze  or  smoke  inside  to  f;i\e  relief  to  the  points  at  their  i'liliaiu'es.  There  is  a  great 
ilciuv.ssion  in  the  tirst  part  of  the  range  south  of  Port  Anj;eles.  The  Hanks  of  Olympus  (o  (ho 
iioilli  are  generally  ehai>arral  eoxered  well  up  to  the  summits  of  four  or  (ivo  thousand  feet. 
hiMile  of  these  tianking  spurs  the  peaks  of  very  nearly  e\iii  height  are  wild,  sharp  peaked,  and 
hiiiKi  11.  with  low  angle  slopes  giving  an  iih'a  of  massi\  ciiess.  At  the  eastern  limit  of  (iie  strait 
\\\f  uislern  I'aee  of  Whidbi'y  Island  is  very  steej);  il  is  about  two  hiindied  and  (itty  feet  high,  and 
:ip|)c', IIS  lla!,  as  does  ;iio  whole  (country  eastward  to  the  dark,  sharp  eiit  oulliiie  of  (he  Ca.seado 
Kiiii;!'.  stielching  its  serrated  liilge  noithward,  where  the  snow  p"ak  of  Mount  llakert  is  distiiie.tly 
.sci'ii.  .iml  to  the  southward,  where  (he  higher  .snow  peak  of  Mc   uit  l{alnier|  attraebs  the  ey«', 

hilling  dry  summers  the  Indians  and  settlers  set  lire  to  the  fort-sts  in  every  iliieetiiui,  and  the 
ciiiiiitrN  soon  beeonies  enveloped  ill  a  vast  stnokit  lliat  lasts  for  (wo  or  (lireo  months.  Atsueli 
tiiiK's  It  is  frei|uently  impossible  to  make  out  tlii^  shore  at  half  a  mile  dislanee.  The  strong  west- 
rily  winds  eoining  up  the  strait  disjierse  it  for  a  while,  but  only  (o  fan  the  tires  and  give  them 
niii'ued  foire  and  activity.  \'isitors  to  the  high  mountains  report  (his  sinoki' as  being  from  six 
lotiLilit  thousand  feet  deep. 


/ 


Ills. 


■The  f. 


11.   the   .Straii  i 


if  V 


ica\  ic, 


near  the   entrance,  and  decrease  in  fre- 


iii'i 


iry  and  density  up  (he  strait.     At    the    entrance   to   the  .stiail    the  log  from  the  ocean  some- 
iiiiirs  .slamls  like  a  wall,  and  \  cs.sfls  eiiteriii'r  the   strait    run  out   of  il    into  clear  biii;lit  weather 


lici'ore  they   pass  Tatoosh    I.sland.     The  wind,  lioweMr,  giadiially  works   it    in,  and  it 


iVl'll 

i.illuw  the  northern  shore  past  San  .liian  Harbor  to  (he  Sombiio  K'i\er.  Less  fieipieiiHy  it  reaehes 
iic;!!l>  lo  Sooke  Inh'l,  and  at  times  envelopes  the  Iv'ace  Islands.  Asainleil  may  be  said  (hat 
tlie  In::  IS  more  iiiely  tu  follow  farther  itito  the  strait  .iloiig  the  .southern  shore,  reaching  as  far  as 
I'lirt  'I'ow  n.seiid,  when  the  norlliern  pari  of  this  wide  part  of  the  strait  Is  free. 

Ill  l.S.M,',  wlii'ii  W(i  were  ob.-ei\iiig   lor  three   months  at    Neeali    Ihiy,  we  saw  the  blai'kest   fog 
III. It  ue  lia\e  ex|ii'rienced  on    this  coast,  and   the    Indians  declared   (hey  could   not  go  along  the 
iii.i.st  in  such  a  case.     The  l'ogi;iest    months  are  iliily,  .VngnsI,  and   .September.     The  suiiimer  sea 
son  111  this  l.iiitii  le  is  fre(|ueiitly  very  lainy,  and  I'or  the  year  the  rail!  fall  at  (he  entrance  to  the 
>>r;iit  li.is  reaehi'd  one  liiindieil  ,kiid  lliirtN  I  wo  inches. 

°  I  lial  pall  III'  lli«  Si  I  all  nl'  I'm  :i  lasl  nl'  K'ui'  l{.i.  ks  In  Wjiiilliry  l>.l.iiiil,  ami  all  nl'  \V.i>liiii::liiii  Sun  ml,  ronilS 
|.  Ill  ..I  ilii.  •■  liiiir  111'  (li.iirj;ia"  iiii  V.MU'uin  ri'.s  ni-nrral  rliai  I,  .'iiiil  nil  llir  ili'lailril  i  liaii  llii-  "  liiil|ili  of  IJi'iUKiil.  " 

'  ^aiiiril  Miiiilatia  <lrl  ('aniii'Iii  li\  tialiaiiii  anil   Valili/  in  IT'.)*.'.     Naiiiril  liy  VaiiiiiMMr  III  IT'J'J. 

1  N'.ilm'il  li\  VamiiiiMT  in  IT'.!'.'.  IIiiimImiIiII  rails  I  Mm  MihiiiI  lii'niiii  r,  ili|ii.|nliii}f  iipmi  I  lir  iianalivr  ol'  ["ifJmiilll, 
»lii>s.'iu  It  III  iii'lisd  nprraliiiii  N'nvi'iiiliri'  1:1,  l-'i:t.  It  allaliis  an  rlrvalinn  nl'  Iniiiirrn  tlinnHaiiil  I'niii'  liiinilrril  anil 
i..il>  Iniir  I'lTl,  anil  in  lliinki'il  li.v  living  Klaciiis  lirsl,  I'lnniinliiiil  .iml  imlilislii'il  in  (s.'i?.  TIhtk  iiiiMratcis  at  llir 
•ininiiil,  anil  lint  );iMrii  I'm'apiiiK. 


*i>j 

m 


, 


iM^ : 


-^i; 


,1  if     f!i 


mU 


ij'i 


1  '* 

si 

1 

1: 

^  ■  i^ 

*    !  f' 

; 

5-:o 


PACIFIC   COAST   I'lLOT. 


W'iiiils  nnd  Iiaiii.—  \\\  Riimiiier  tlu>  prevailiiijf  wind  draws  into  the  stmit,  ineroasiii;;  ImvmihI^ 
t'voniiij;,  and  fn'iiiu'iitly  lilowiiit,'  a  ton  knot  l»rci'/«>  boCoro  niidnijjlit;  bnt  nnU'ss  tliewiiid  i.  ^inm, 
ontsidi'  littU'  is  IVlt  in  tlu'  8lrait,  and  frwiueutly  siilinj;  vt'sst-ls  may  bts  a  w»'i'k  rroniCaiic  1  l.iiii  i\ 
to  Admiralty  lalct,  or  rice  rrrxa.  In  winter  tbe  sontbt'ast  winds  draw  directly  out  and  m  iir  ,i 
very  beavy  eross  sea  oil'  tlie  entranee,  the  great  .southwest  swell  meetiuy;  that  rolling;  out.  In  mi,  j, 
cases  sailiiit;  ves.sels  try  to  "iain  Neeah  Hay  or  San  Juan  Harbor,  and  remain  at  anchor  uuiil  i|„ 
wind  chaiijies.  In  lu-atinj;  in  or  out  ve.s.sels  may  run  a»  cl.ise  under  either  shoro  as  wind  :iih1  cm 
lents  warrant,  as  iiD  hidden  danjrers  have  been  found  lialf  a  mile  otV  shore,  exeepl  .u  i lie  wim 
side  of  the  small  iu<b'ntatiou  called  Crescent  Hay,  near  Striped  Peak,  forty-four  miles  iii>i,l,i,| 
Woek  Duncan. 

In  winter  the  weather  olf  the  entrance  to  the  strait  is  particularly  .severe  and  the  swell  is  \(i', 
heavy  and  irre-iular.  We  have  encountered  a  seven  days  };ale  here  with  a  baromctn  liouni,, 
tweutyniiie  inches  and  heavy  do-.vnponrs  of  rain.  At  one  time  we  wcr<^  in  the  ccini  i  di  ,, 
cNcionie  storm.  The  lainfall  at  the  station  of  Ne('-ah  Hay  has  reached  one  hundred  and  iliiii\  \\\i. 
inches  in  a  yi-ar,  the  jrreater  part  falliuji  in  the  winter.  For  four  years  endiu;;  in  IS.ST  the  ,ivi  i,|m, 
was  ninety  live  inches  of  rain.  The  months  of  I)«'(!ember,  January,  February,  and  MmkIi  an 
marked  by  the  t;r<atest  aveiajres.  Many  Inndwr  laden  vessels  have  foundered  olf  thc>ii.iiis  n, 
winter  storms.  The  heavy  broken  .seas  are  doubtless  owinjj  to  the  shoalint;  ort"  the  enlriim  i .  ;1m 
irrefjular  and  very  stnuij;  currents,  and  the  drawing;  out  of  the  wind  from  the  strait  cdiiiliciiiii; 
with  the  wind  alon;;  the  outi-r  coast. 

Currrntx. — At  the  «'ntraiK'e  'o  the  strait  the  currents  aetpiire,  durinjj  the  "large  tide"  ui  i.i.ii 
day,  a  velocity  of  four  miles  per  hour;  and  after  stroii};  north\;est  winds  a  very  large,  ^lioii.  Inn 
regular  swell  is  encountered  west  of  Nei'-ah  Hay  during  the  ebb  eu'rent.  If  the  wind  lir  li-h' 
and  no  steciage  way  (Ui  the  ves.sel,  the  feeling  is  deciiledly  di.sagreeable,  especially  as  Ihc  iiiihn! 
seems  constantly  to  set  close  around  Kock  Duncan  and  Tatoosh  Islaml.  If  a  vessel  tall  iiiioih. 
trough  of  this  .swell  she  is  bound  to  fetch  away  something. 

Wc  kno  V  not  where  to  point  to  such  a  ramilication  of  inland  navigation  as  exists  limn  (',i|ii 
Flattiry  to  the  head  of  I'liget  Sound  and  through  Washington  Souiul,  save  in  the  Hniisii  |m.>. 
sessions  to  the  noithward.  For  depth  of  wat»'r,  boldm-ss  of  approaches,  free«l<Hu  from  liiililtii 
ilangcrs,  and  the  immeasurable  .sea  of  gigantic  forest  trees  cinnnig  down  to  the  very  slioics,  iIum 
waters  are  unsurpassed.  Washington  has  a  summer  and  fall  climate  excelled  only  by  ili.ii  niCil 
ifornia.  Tht^  shores  of  Fiu-a  Strait  liaxe  been  gradmdly  .settled  by  iinud.4ration  comiiin;  limii 
I'uget  Sound  and  .\dmirally  Inlet. 

There  is  not  a  single  st::tenient  in  the  .so  calleil  narrative  of  Juan  dc  Fuca  ;•  given  by  M.itilnw 
Locke,  I'.c  elder,  that  apjilics  to  this  strait.     The  whole  story  is  a  fabricatitm. 

The  Sirail  of  Juan  dc  Fiu-a  was  discovered  by  the  long  boat  of  tin-  fniiwrinl  EitijU ii  i  tin 

command  of  Hcikcly.  in  ITsT. 

In  .Inne,  17SS,  it  was  examined  by  Mearcs,  in  the  Fdhi\  he  having  obtained  inloniiaii'iinii 

its  existence  from  Ucrkcly.     At  thei-ntrance  it  "api)eared  to  be  twelve  or  fourteen  leagiU's  I nl. 

From  the  Jiiast  head  il  was  oii.servcd  to  stretch  to  the  east  by  north,  and  a  clear  milionii.lui 
hori/on  was  seen  in  that  dirt'ctiou  as  far  as  the  eye  could  rea(di."  lie  fre<piently  sounded.  ••  Uii; 
c;i.ild  procure  no  bottom  with  one  hundred  fathoms  of  line."  Ho  afterwards  sent  a  part.  !■ 
explore  the  strait,  who  went  up  about  lifty  miles,  determiiung  the  harbor  of  San  Juan  mi  ilih 
iri|i.  He  fust  applied  the  iianu"  ••  .bdin  de  Fuca  "  to  the  strait.  He  gives  a  view  of  the  eiitiiin.i. 
with  Tape  I'lattcrv,  Tatoo.sh  Island,  an<l  Hock  Duiu'an. 

.M'ter  the  expedition  of  1 77."»,  several  Spanish  ;'X|teditioi:s  were  lilted  out  for  exploratinii  ■ 
these  lalitndis.  Haro  was  in  the  strait  in  IT.S'.t,  Quimper  in  171M),  K'i/a  in  17'.»1,  and  daliaih'  u,! 
\aldex,  ill  17'.r_'. 

Captain  (Jray,  of  the  Cnlumhio.  I'Utered  th<^  strait  in  17!»'_',  penetratci  (il'ty  miles  in  an  ii-' 
southeast  direction,  and  loiiiid  the  jiassage  five  leagues  wide.  He  gives  the  latifmle  of  Taini.M 
Maud,  or  I'latteiy,  JS  L'l'.  The  extracts  fnuii  his  logbook,  slating  |iartieulars  of  this  ami  iln' 
ColumliiaHiverexploratioii,  were  not  made  public  until  bSHi.  Most  of  dray's  latitudes,  dist,iiMr>. 
and  courses  are  giwid  and  trustworthy. 

Vancouver  entered  fho  strait  iu  1702,  and  gave  to  tho  world  the  first  detailed  and  aiiilniiiir 
account  of  it. 


\fi,vli^-.;     \ 


i    k^«-'.. 


'.d>. 


. 'W,  1'"' 

It}'' . 


'] 


^ri'asiii;;  iHwaiii, 
lie  wiiul  I.  .slum; 
•111  Cap.,  n.ittcn 
out,  ami  nviiii'  ,1 

"«<>llt.       1;,  siicii 

aiiclior  iiiiiil  111, 
>s  wind  Miiil  ,111 
»:e('i>t  ai  ihr  u|.m 
ir  mill's  iiiMili-i.| 

till'  swell  iN\ip. 
■niini'ti'i  liuwii  |„ 

the    criilrl    III  •,! 

■<1  and  iliiit\  itti, 
ISMT  I  lie  .mi-,|M|. 
,  and  Miiirli  aiv 
oil'  tlif  >ti-ail.s  II, 
lie  cntiaiici',  ;li( 
strait  ciiiiiliciiiit: 

rpe  tide"  ,,1  ,-,„i, 
lai'tfi',  siiiiii,  1,111 
lit'  wind  111'  huhi 
l.V  as  liic  ciiihii! 

.iMsel  fall  in;,,  ih, 


I'iiU 


exists  11(1111  (',i|,i 

till'  IJnti.sli  |i.,,v. 

oiii  from  111, 1, 1, 11 

ITV  sllnli-s,  lliiM 

ly  It.v  iliai  .,rc,i 
on   conn II i;  Iniin 


veil  liy  Malihiu 

Eitgk\  iimli  1  ih, 

il  iiifonmiimii  'I 
'II  li'a}j;u('s  1 'I nail. 
i;lear  iiiiImiiiii,!,,! 
\-  NimmlcMl.  ••  liu; 
Meat  a  ii.iit'.  V' 
sail  .Fiiaii  ,'11  ilih 

of   the  l'li!l  ;li   i 
l)r  explnla' 

and  (lali.iin,  .!i.:i 

iiiles  in  .ni  ■  i- 

itude  of  I  i: 

of  this  ai  il    I"' 
tildes,  di,-^:     •' 


id  and  aiiili''ii>'< 
t 


■.'.4 


Apprxaclirs  to  the  Strait  of  Fuca  from  the  WSW.   vSix  views.) 


Klatt.'r\  Korfc 
SE.  i.«..l-niile<J 


■  -r,i    -  ■-  ,.^^  .^,. 


W  .1  ,i.l-,),.l,  l,h„„l. 


:vH»r':^^. 


^^j^wg^^^^agjujiijM^^^ 


C»pe  Kiattery. 
Tatoodli  Maiid  l.iKlii-lioiiM  .  K.  bv  .s.  i  S.,  7^  miles. 


.Siiii  liiiu  HniT. 


V;iiHc,iu,-r  Island.  Ka-t  i.|  San  Jnan  Harlmr 


SI  lull  of  Knci 


u 


I 

i 


iUl' 


[,  '■!  ( 


II  ■  .  til 


h.\h^    d    «, 


'f4: 


*  i  I 


!l  ■  , 


^^;  ''iif! 


ii^;  •• 


T'jjS^y    :\< 


tm-fi' 


^^ 


if  i 


i    ' 


-J    r 

!»                             •* 

',  '1',^  ■ 

1 1     n      '■ ' 

j 

1 

^  ti  ■: 

!      ! 

li«.-^i 

■1     . 

'i^n 


^^^?«£±iSML?rv.Cl. 


-w 


..,4»:a>i«afet. 


'JSM^~  P^&.ji?.- 


iSwil  a...  k.  WoHt  P»H«t«,.  to  V....11I,  \Uy.  Cap,.  Klalfory. 

Wuad-dah  IhIhihI.  Iii}iiiil(H. 

Nortli  Slidr.-,  CaiiH  l'li»li..ri ,  W.  hj  S  J  s.    11  unIin. 


"  *  ■  T 


lutuT  Kock.         Seal  U.wk. 


Went  uiilranre  to  Ni't-ali  Bay. 

Wa-ait  (lah  IhIuikI,  W  .  i  S.,  h^  „i  Ic^t. 


Slipl'oint,  8W.fW.,amileH. 


S.-al  Kook. 

Wtt-ad  ci.ih  iNlaii.l,  W.,  17iiiili-». 


"■m 


hV 


mil  4 

'-'  '1 

•i 

■'1 

\ 

^y\ 

i 

I'Acifm;  c'OAsi  I'lUd. 


621 


THE  SOUTHERN  SHORE  Ol-"  THE  STRAIT  OK  JUAN  DE  KUCA. 

NKliAII    IIAV. 

Koitliili  I'tiiiit,  the  wi-sfciii  iMHiinliiry  ol  tliis  hay,  is  tlin-o  ami  seven  (•i;;litliM  miles  iiiiitli 
sev(iii.\  i'nei|e;;ieeseast  (N.  71  '  11.)  tn>m  llie  !,i;;lil  lioiise  (in  TaliMisli  Islaml.  I'loiii  Cape  I'latlerv 
tlir>li"ie  ismi.ily  Nlraiy:lil,  Willi  nImhI.  mel^y,  .|a;,'j'eil  iiiiiiits,  Iii;;li  ami  I  M.^^ed,  liaeked  liy  IiiIIn 
mIioiii  Kill'  IlioiisamI  live  liiimlrcil  or  two  tlmiisaiiil  I'eel  lii|j;li,  ami  eii\eieil  wlili  lii  tiees  lutlie  elillk. 
|;nl>  lie  iiliiiin  llie  Hlmre  IVdm  (iiie  ei;,'litli  fooiie  fmiMli  of  a  mile  iiiil,  exee|il  at  Clisseet  villa^;<', 
cini'  mill-  west  lit  Kiiitl.ili  I'liiiit.  Deep  water  is  Imiiiil  w  itiiiii  a  llijiil  nl'  a  mile  of  tlie  elill's,  ami  at 
,1  ili-i.iiii'e  lit'  hall'  a  mile  a  ilejitli  iif  tweiily  ralliiiiiis  is  nlitaiiieil. 

I  lie  lia\  IS  aliiiiil  a  mile  ami  a  ijiiartei'  deep  In  the  smitli  siiiitheasi,  and  llie  same  in  width  at 
Ilic  iiilliliie.  The  western  Hide  is  lii;,'li,  pfeeipitnn.-,  ai  d  Ipiudeicd  liy  eia;;;;.\ ,  olileiiippiii':  riieks, 
(hire  hiiiidied  ni  I'linr  liiimlteil  yards  IViim  the  slinre.  'I'lie  three  rathuni  line  ran^^es  almnl  six 
hiiiniii'ii  valds  triim  the  I'liiit  of  Ihcelill'.  Tin- ;;elieial  diieel  mn  of  this  mle  is  suiitheasi  lor  one 
iiiilr.  u  hell  the  hills  suddenly  eeaso  and  a  low  shore,  with  sand  lieaeli  liaeked  liy  wooils,  eiirves 
^'niiliially  to  the  northeast  liy  east  Cor  a  mile  and  a  ipiaitei  to  lla  ad' dali  I'oint,  loniied  liy  a  spur 
III  llie  lulls. 

I  he  eastern  side  of  the  buy  is  loinied  liy  \Va  ad' dah  Island,  the  mirtheiii  I'nd  of  wliieli  lii'M 
mil  .iiiil  a  half  miles  nortli  seventy  lour  debtees  «'as|  (N.  71  '  I'..)  frmn  Kuillaii  I'oiiil.  This  islaml 
IS  a  naiiow,  lii;;li  rid;;e,  alioiit  t  wo  liumlied  and  lilly  yaids  wide,  and  half  a  mile  Ion;:,  covered 
Willi  I  lees,  and  lia\  in;;  a  diieetion  soutlieasi  <iiie  <  pi  a  iter  east,  point  in;;  toward  l'>a  ad'dali  I'oinI, 
.mil  preseiiliii;;  the  appearan<'e  of  a  eoiiliniialioii  of  that  s|inr;  Init  separated  from  it  liy  a  four- 
l;illiMiii  eliannel  live  liiiiidred  yards  wide.  Oil'  the  soniliwest  pail  nieks  extend  fortvM)  linndred 
.iiiil  lilly  ,\aids,  and  the  three  fatlioin  line  is  six  hiimlreil  \aii|s  dislaiil.  Aloii;;  the  sand  lieaeli  of 
tJM'  main  shore  of  the  liay  the  tlireelathoni  line  is  w  iiliin  tuo  liiindred  yards  of  the  .shore,  the  depth 
iiirivasiii;:  loseven  fathoais,  then  deereasin;;  to  li\e,  in  the  niiddle  of  the  liay,  and  a;;aiii  inereasin^ 
til  It'll  on  tlie  oilier  line  of  tlii^  liay.  Miieh  kelp  iilioiiiids  in  this  hailiiir,  even  in  d('e|i  water,  lillt  it 
i>  i.vpeeially  thick  around  Koillah  Point  and  thence  aloii;;  the  VM-stern  shore  of  the  liay  to  the 
ili'i'|ii'sl    part   thereof.     It   also  alioumis  on   llie  soutliwesi   face  of  \Va  ad  dah    l.sland  and  around 


iitiolhe  narrow  channel  lietween  it  and  lla  ad'dali.      Half 


ile  east  of  I'.a  ad'  dah  I'oint  there  is 


aiiiilhi'i  lai;!e  patch  of  kelp.  This  kelp  is  allo;;etlier  dilVcrent  from  that  fnniid  in  the  S.inia  liar 
liaia  channel.  It  is  a  Ion;;,  thin,  hollow,  llexilile  stem  risin;;  from  f^ie.it  depths,  and  expandin;; 
liijiiilly  near  the  surface  of  the  water  to  a  lar;4f  liollow  Inilli,  from  which  lloal  leaves  that  are.  live 
111  M\  inches  wide  and  ten  teet  Ion;;.     The  lower  and  thinnest  pari  is  used  hy   the   Indians  for  sul- 

IV  these  lines  lireak   lik"  ;;iass,  liiit  .soakiii"   them  in  .salt 


iiioii  and  haliliiit   lines.     When  coiled  aw  a 
walci  renews  their  elasticity  and  stren;;lli. 

Oiilsiile  of  the  line  joinin;;  Koitlali  I'oinI  and  \Va  ad  dah  Islaml.  Iliede]itli  of  water  Inci'eii.scs 
i.i|iii|l\  li'iim  ten  and  elcxen  fatlionis  to  twciily  fathoms  in  one  third  of  a  mile. 

The  lies!  ancliora;;e  is  ill  the  south  pail  of  the  liailmr,  in  aliuiit  (i\eorsi\  fathoms  of  Wilier 
nil  the  small  stream  which  comes  in  w  here  tlit^  sand  Iteai^h  meets  tlu'  hills  on  the  west.  There 
«.isfiiiiiierly  an  Imliaii  villa;;eat  the  west  side  of  the  stream,  liiit  it  is  now  farther  to  the  east  ward 
with  slra;;;;liii;;  Indian  houses  alon;;  the  lieacli  to  the  Indian  Itcserv  alion  on  Ha  ad'  dah  I'oint. 
'I'licie  is  aiiniidaiice  ot  water  at  that  stream.  During  soulheily  weather  little  swell  is  fell  here, 
imi  I  lie  wind  can  do  no  harm;  liiif  when  a  lar^'e  wt'steiiy  swell  is  coinin;;  up  tlie  strait,  it  reaches 
lull',  and  a  vessel  rolls  iiucomfortalily   unless  she  rides  head  to  it. 

fhe  low  ;;rouiidal>reast  of  the  ancliora;;e.  and  lull  two  or  lliree  hundred  yards  from  the  lieaeli, 
1-  llie  head  of  the  Wa  ateh  .Slou;;li.  a  small  stream  that  inns  throimh  the  low  prairie  lands  licl.ind 
t  :i|H'  I'lalleiy,  and  empties  into  Milk  kaw  Hay  .south  of  the  cape,  near  the  winter  villaj;e  of  tliu 
Milk  kaws,  called  Waalcli.  Tins  stream  is  Ireipicntly  used  liy  them  in  winter,  when  they  can  not 
liike  iheii  canoes  outside  the  cape. 

The  last  time  we  were  in  the  harbor  we  anchored  in  the  narrow  iia.ssaye  between  Wa-ad dah 
i-laiid  and  Ha  ad'  dah  Point  in  live  fathoms  of  water;  but  it  w:»s  an  nncomfortable  berth  and  the 
'  iiiieiit  was  ipiite  stron;;.  The  white  liuihlin;;s  of  the  Indian  He.servation  are  a  marked  object  in 
il'pioachiii;;  the  harbor  from  the  eastward.  Small  ve.s.sels coming  ffoiii  theea.stward  throu;;h  this 
pissa^c  with  the  current  runniii;;  into  the  bay  have  not  much  room  to  rouiiil  to  for  aiicliorayc. 


''-  i 


J  If 


f  ■ 


'li'^ 


r.v»> 


•AclKic  <'MAsr  I'li.ur. 


Tlu'  |iiwmi({o  imiiil.v  four  Imiiilrctl  .vanls  wiilf  Im-Iwi'iii  ihr  iliri'c  I'litl 
IS  not  miixl  if  llirii'  is  uiiv  .swell  mi. 


loih  nii'vt'.s. 


Tlif  I 


"•'■  '.imlii 


Till'  |>riiiiaiv   sLslioiioiiiiial  hiatioii  nl  llit<  Coa.sl   Siiim's 


ill*  jii.si    liark  III'  till'   li 


tour  liuiiilicil  .vaiiJM  oiiMt  of  tlif  Niiiali  Mticam  on  tlic  Miiitli\vt>Nlt-iii  part  of  tin-  li 
noriliwcsi  cnil  of  \\  a  ail  ilali  IsJaiiil  it  Ixars  . south  l>.v  «»'.sl  halt  wi',st  (S.  Ii\  W,  \  \\ 
aiiil  tliii'c  I  i^liths  iiiih'H. 

Its  p'o^'raphical  poNitiiui  i.s  : 


.  .iiiiiiii 
>■  I  '"III  il„. 
•  I.  'I      lilt  111,,- 


iiiiiiiili' 


■I-      'Jl'  'is    .1   iinrll. 


I «iiinl<' t'.M    ;iT    I'j 


I  l|.    IN  lillll' 


I-"     ','-     - 


Till'  iiia;,'iii'tir  variation  wa>  L'.'l    (M»  cast,  .laiiuary  I,  i.SS.'i.  with  a  .Nearly  iui-rcasi'  oi  n   i 
The  iiiaxiniiiMi  of  tlie  fa.stiiii  variation  lia.s  prol»alil.\  Imiii  icaclu'ii  at  this  time  il.s>>  . 


m;i..\ii    iia\— \v.\  ah  haii    i.-^ianh  i;i  nv. 


V  M 


IV  I  ;:I; 


'tfi       1 


i   M 


m 


On  till' t'Jth  Septeinlier,  \SSS,  n  xntiiul  ilnxs    Wliixlliiio  I'lmi/  was  inooreil  in  twelil.N 
of  wain,  tliiee  i'i;;litlis  ot  a  mile  noilliwesi  liv  iioilli  liail  iiorlli  iNW.  Iiv  N.  I  N.i  ti 


Olll      l.lllllllh- 


I  lllllll  II,.  Illllill 


west  eiiil  ot'  Wa  ail  dah  islanil. 

This  liiiiiji  li  jiiiintifl  rill  irilli  thr  hllirs  }s  .  |l,  in  iihili  ;    il  i.s  soiunleil  li\  (lie  ai'tion  nl   ;|ji 
ami  when  tin  ru  is  a  I'.iir  .swell  mi  it  will  };i\e  iwi-iily  to  llnrt.v  lilasts  per  ininnte. 

Tlii.s  lino\   .slioiilil  lie  led  to  the  e.islwanl  ill   enlerillH:  the  llav. 

The  tollowiii;;  lieariii;;.s  anil  ilislance.s  to  prominent  tdijects  ;;ive  the  position  of  iln-  i.;ii 

Ki.il  l;4li  I'.'iiil S\V     l.\   \V.  I]    ;im1.s 


r:i|ii'  t  l.illi  i.\   I, lillll  liiiiis.     i|  .111". ..Il  Island  I    W    S\V 


iiiili"> 


r>nt   the   l.ii^ht'house  can   not    lie  seen   fnnii   the    Imoy   heeau.se  a   small   inMlii;^   pi.im    rail 


Chi  lialr  ilehl  i!oi  ',<,  near  Clis.seet  Nilhi^'e,  hiiles  il. 

The   lalesaxiii;:  Station  on  the  .south   shore  of  the   hay   lies   almost    exaellN 
ti\e  t'i;;lillis  miles  from   the  Iniov. 


mill 


Soon  after  we  let!  this  st, It  ion  the  I  inliaiis  ilii;^  up  ami  ilestroyeil  all  the  marks  lixeil 


I'.   li'i'iHi  I 


it,  nmU'r  the  lielnt'  tli.il  e\ll  spirits  were  Imiieil  wiih  them. 

Tiilis. — 'I'lie  <  'ol  reel  I'll  I'lslalilishmelil,  or  mean  interval  liet  ween  the  tinie  of  I  he  mnnii'-  li,iii>i! 
ami  the  lime  111  Im;;1i  water,  is  \  I  !.'■  L'.'i".  'I'he  mean  rise  ami  tall  of  titles  is  live  ami  ei;jlil  leiillis 
feel:  of  splili;;  titles,  seven  aitil  olie  leiilli  feet  ;  ami  of  neap  tides,  four  anil  live  leiitlis  liii.  Tin- 
mean  ilnialion  of  the  lluoil  is  (1 '  (tT"'  ami  of  the  ehli,  (i''  IS'".  The  aveia;;e  ililVeiein  i  l.ilwci  n 
the  I'oii'ei  tell  eslalili.slinieiits  ol  the  a.  'i.  ami  p.  m.  tiilesof  the  r>aim'  ihiy  is  1''  IS'"  for  lii;;li  \*,itii. 
ami  1  U_I  tor  low  water.  The  ilitreieiiees  w  hen  the  moon's  ileelin.it ion  i.s  j,'reatest  are  L"  :'n  :iii.| 
1''  ."»ti  ,  respeetively.  The  a\  era;,'i' «litlereiice,  in  liei;;ht  of  those  two  tiile.s  is  one  ami  simii  'iniii- 
feet  for  the  lii};h  waters,  ami  three  ami  one  half  teet  for  the  low  vvateiH.  When  tin  imi.ii'- 
ileelination  is  j;rea(esl  those  tlilferenees  aie  two  ami  ei;;li:  lentlis  feet  ami  live  feet,  respc  .  IimIi, 
The  avera;;e  tlilVeli'liee  ol'  the  lii;;lier  lii;,'h  anil  lower  low  wi'.U'Ih  if  the  same  day  is  ei;;lil  ami  l\ii. 
tenths  feet,  ami  when  the  moon's  deeliliation  is  ^reale.s!,  nine  ,i'  .1  oiiehalf  feet.  The  lil;;lii  i  lii::li 
water  in  tlietweiilv  loiirhoiiis  oeeiirs  alioiit  11''  54"  alte-  tW  moon's  upper  tiaiisit  (-niiilnii- . 
when  the  m'Hiii's  deeliliation  is  iioi'th,  and  alioiit  .'!:,'  Inton,  when  the  deeliiialion  is  smiili.  Ilir 
atei  oeciiis  alioiit  7'  after  the  lii;,dii'r  lii;;h  water.  The  };reatest  oliserv  ed  ilil.  i.-inv 
ters   of  one   d.'\    ^vassix    feel,   and  the  ;,'reatesl  dilVerenee  lietwieli  lli.    h  .;li.i 


lower  low    w 
lielweeii  two   low   wa 


hij^li  and  lower  low   waters  of  one  day  was  twehe  feet. 

To  timl   the  times  and   liei;,'lils  of  each   tide  tliroU},'liont    the  u'ai,  consult  the  tide  l.il.ii  ^  L^ 
the  I'aeitie  Coast,  pnlili.shed   annually  Ity  theCoast   and  (it'odetic  Survey.     In  the  rei|iiiii  .1  mli - 

take  out  the  ti s  and  liei;:litH  at  Astoria  ami  suhtraet  ,se\enteen  minutes  from  the  ^;i\eii  iiuhm.i 

tile  lii;.'li  waters  to  olitain  the  lime  of  hi;,'li  wati-rin  NeC'ali  May  in  I'aeilie,  standard  (lunili  iiiiiuii.iii 
time  and  take  the  luM-rhr  unehau^'ed;   for  the  low  waters  sulitr.ief  tweiitylhree  niinnle-  li..ni  iIm 


iven    .lines  o 


f  low   waters,  and  add  four  tenths  of  a  fool  to  the  };iv<'ii  iieit;hts.     I'.iit  il  ili 


are  wanted   in   Neeali   l!ay  local  time,  sni. tract  tliirtylivt;  ami  forty  oim  minutes  from  the  .\M..ii.i 
times  of  hiyili  and  low  waters  respectively. 

This  bay  was  known  as  Poverty  Cove  by  the  caily  fur  traders  on  the  coast;  iievi  ;i  I'm' 
Nnficz  <;uona,  by  (^ninipcr,  in  171KI.  In  179'-',  the  Spaniards,  then  establishiiif,' thems.lMMii 
Nootka  Sound,  attempted  to  fouml  u  colony  here,  and  as  late  as  lftl7  bricks  wero  found  m    i  Hi. 


PACIKK!   CiiAHl    VllAYW 


588 


,\  "111  i.iiiiiiiii. 

<illl   I  ill    llulili 


■  llll>  1 

ilii\  ; 

III.'.. 

,\w>. 

'^  ll"lll 

r.llliil 

Slllllll      1 

••.<!■    .IIMl 

l\f(l  111 

ll  rii\i ! 

IlKlllll'- 

tlllllM' 

iil  fi;;li 

t     ll•||lll^ 

itlis  In 

■I.    Tl.i 

Mclicf 

Tl'.ln 

or    111;; 

1     «,ltll. 

Jllf  L' 

■'It    :ii!>l 

ll    M'M' 

'  'I'lilli- 

lll'll    till 

'iH'I'M'- 

1,  r<>|i 

.llM'l>. 

«i-lil  ; 

lul  t"i. 

hi'  III;: 

M  1  lii;l 

.sil    (m 

III  lini;:  . 

is  soul 

ll.       Illr 

1  \  I'll  (lilli  h'lMi' 

I  I'll  til 

1,'jlll 

!  title  t,lliii'>  I"! 
•  rc(|iiiri'il  lull" 

'  ;^l\CII  t."ii  >  "I 
I'JIMll  nii'liill.ll: 

Ililll'S     I'li'lli   till' 

Uiit  il  ll..  ti.li- 

Olll    till'      \     '"ll' 

;    IICM    :i     I'm' 
r  tlll'lll.'^ll^  I'-'  :l' 

IblllKl  II'  'I  III'' 


^iii.ill  sii't-aiit  lilMciwt  of  till'  iniflioniKi'.  W  •  Hrarclii-d  for  vi'sti^i's  of  tlii'  wtHnini'iit  in  IH52,  but 
loiiiiii  iiolliin^'.  ill  I'*"'"  11  liricU  Wiis  iliit;  up  I'loni  tlir  iit'|itli  ol  two  Irct,  on  tin-  Kitr  |ioiiit«>i|  out 
|i\  till'  hull. HIS.  Viini'oiivci'  iiolcil  till-  iiiili-iiliitioii  oj  tlic  coa.sl  hcrr  in  17'.»'-'.  ll  was  next  callftl 
••Sf,irl»oioii;;li  llarlMii,"  It.v  tin-  ITiiiti'd  Htiiti's  Kxploriii;;  K.\|i('«lltiiiii  in  IHII.  Tin-  Iiiiliaii  iiainit 
i>  ill, It  iio»  aiioptctl,  ami  tin-  only  one  li.v  wliicli  il  is  known  to  na\  i;;aloi's  on  tliis  I'oast. 

Siiillisiiiii  III  ('onliiliiilioiis  to  Kiiowitil;;!',  JL'd,  |i.  lit.">,  says  that  iJccait  or  Di-cali  is  tlii>  iiuiiui 
,,i  till'  Nccali  lliiy  innl  villii(;i«. 

Ill  i,s,")"_',  wlicii  we  wiMT  at  Ni'(''ali  Hay,  tlio  Miik  kaws  aroiiinl  ('ape  l-'lattciy  coiilil  iniistcr  tliri'o 
liiiiiiliril  to  liMii  imnilrcil  warriors,  iiiostiv  ainicil  witii  miiski'ts  ami  knivi-s.  Tliry  liail  si'vnal 
|,iii;i'  sioi'Uadi'il  villa;;i's  ami  liiimlrcils  of  caiiofs  ;  llic  men  were  Itiiivc  ami  fearless  ami  \\en> 


iiiili'  inimical  to  the  Aiiierii^iiis  eoniiii;,' 


Willie  ma 


kit 


Aitiioii;;li  we  liati  eiiteieil  into  a  eoin|iaet  with  tlieiii 
tliservatioiiH  for  three  iiionlhs,  we  hail  within  a  very  short  lime  to  liiiiiil  a  liieastwoik 
III  lull'  iiiii  I'aiiip  for  pi'oteetion. 

Till'  iIkiii  line  instiriird  from  the  Waaililah  Islaml  is  ijiiite  strai;thl  to  tiie  small  eove  on  the 
wrsi  >iile  of  Kyilaka  I'oiiit.  The  tivml  of  the  shore  is  south  eighty  one  ile^jiees  east  (S.  .sr^  K.) 
iiiiil  the  i!i>laiH'e  lo  the  eiive  is  ten  miles.  Ky  tlaka  I'oiiil  slretehes  out  one  mile  to  tht;  iiortli  of 
ihi'  I'live.  'I'lie  ;ieneral  treinl  of  the  shore  from  the  island  to  IMlai'  I'oint  is  south  ei;;lily'iiiue  ile- 
;;ii'i'.v  east  (H,  .S!t  >  K.)  to  the  distance  of  Iweiitytwo  miles. 

riie  ;.'i'ueral  characteristics  of  the  nearly  Ntrai;;ht  line  of  shore  east  of  lia  ad' dali  I'oiiit  aro 
lii^li  rliiVs,  wiMiiled  on  top,  and  lirokcn  dow  n  in  places  w  hen-  small  short  streams  liavi^  cut  tliroiiKh. 
'fill  ll'  .lie  no  known  ilan;;ers  outside  of  the  three  I'allioiii  line,  and  the  ten  lathoiu  curve  is  nearly 
parallel  \(ilh  the  shore  at  a  distance  of  half  a  mile.  iH-ptlis  of  thirty  fathoms  or  more  are  foiinil 
at  line  mile  from  shore  as  far  a.s  Kydaka  I'oint,  where  the  deep  water  i.s  elo.se  under  the  |M)int. 

S.iil  Ik'iiil.. — Two  mill's  east   .,  W'a  ail-dah  Island  ami  w  illiiii  the  limits  of  the  shore  kelp,  thero 


ai  \  lock  one  hundred  and  lifly  feet  lii;,'h.     There  is  a  depth  of  ten  fathoms  of  water  cl< 


)SU 


iiiit>iili' iif  it.  Ileliind  il  there  is  a  ile|U'essioii  in  th<- elilVsthat  marks  the  opeiiiii);  of  a  .small  stream 
rallnl  (lie  ( )k  ho  Uivcr  on  the  Adiniially  charts,  luit  this  is  not  the  Indian  name,  and  has  pr'olia- 
li|>  lii'cii  conliiiiniled  with  the  O'  Koho  or  lioko,  tliirtccn  miles  east  ward  of  Nei'ali  i!ay.  The 
liiiliaii  name  for  the  stream  is  To  kwa\  ose  (Toeocsos  on  the  charls).  In  IS-ll  the  I'nited  >Slate.s 
l')\|iliiiiii;;  r^.xpcdilion  named  the  rock  Sail  Koek  from  its  shape  and  white  appearance.  Kellett 
r.ill.s  It  Klah  1)  loll,  or  Seals  (  Klah  os  lah  on  the  charts).  The  Indians  sometimes  call  it  Saelock,  but 
I  111,' 


IS  iiieicly  Iheir  alleiiipt  to  pronounce  Sail  Kock:   hence  it  ism 


iiallv  called  Siai  IJocl 


Sinllhsonian  ('oiitiibiitions  to  Knowled;;e,  L'l'ii,  says,  p.  I.Sii:  '>Tlie  name  of  the  rock  lyin^oll' 
tile  iiioalh  of  the  Tokwaksosc  (Toeoi'sos)  Uivcr,  two  :uiles  east  of  Neeah  Hay,  is  Kaitlilaject." 

riit  Tlira-  mi's.  —  .Mioiil  niidway  lietween  Wa  ah  ilah  Island  and  Kydaka  Point,  three 
limh  wooili'd  hills  about  a  mile  apart  overlook  the  shore.  They  are  well  made  out  afler  entering 
ilii'stiait  when  liie  norihwcst  end  of  Waad  dali  Island  bears  east  by  south  three  iiuarlers  south 
ili.  lis  S.  ,' S.),  distant  three  and  one  half  miles;  they  then  appear  overlappin;.;  each  other,  anil  the 
lii;.'lii'i'  part  of  W'a-ail  ilah  is  nearly  in  line  with  thciii.     They  are  shown  on  the  chart  but  have  no 

IlillllC. 

luiiliiliii  /'(>//(f.— Tills  is  the  lii'st  point  inside  of  Nct'ah  I'.ay.  It  is  I'leven  miles  south  ei;;lity- 
ilinc  ilc;;rccs  east  (S.  .h;{j  }•;.)  troni  the  northwest  end  of  Waad  dah  Islaiut  and  projects  nearly  a 
null' iioi'lli  northwestward  from  Ihc  I  leiiil  of  I  he  shore  l\  iii;f  to  the  wist.  There  are  sunken  rocks 
rliiM-  iiiidci  the  dill's,  but  a  depth  of  tweiily  lalhoins  is  found  wiihiii  twotliiids  of  a  mile  from 
^limc.  Tlicie  IS  a  bi;,'lil  on  the  westei'ii  face  but  it  is  broad  opi-ii  to  the  swell  coming  up  the  strait. 
I'li'liiiiil  llic  point  the  tii'st  mountain  clo.si' to  the  shore  coinuiences  the  series  of  high  anil  broken 
iiiiiiiiiiaiii^.  thence  eastward. 

<'I,.\1,I.AM    HAY. 

live  miles  north  eighty  three  degrees  east  (N.  S.i  I'",.)  from  Kyilaka  I'oint  and  fifteen  and 
litic  riiiiilhs  mill's  south  eighlyseven  degrees  east  (S.  S7  '  I'"..)  from  the  northwest  end  of  Wii- 
;i'l  ilah  Island  is  Slip  I'oint,  the  wi'stern  i»roJection  of  a  very  high,  rugged,  straight  ridge  riiii- 
iniii,'  I'ast  si.\  and  three  I'ourllis  miles  to  Pillar  Point.  This  point  rises  sharply  Irom  the  water's 
I'U'c  to  a  moderate  height.  The  seaward  face  is  .scarred  by  three  lines  of  e.\po.sed  rock  or  soil 
Nliii\Miig  yellow  among  the  dark  tir  forest.     These  are  its  characteristic  marks. 

When  Slijt  I'oint  is  Heen  from  northeast  by  east  at  a  distance  of  nine  or  ten  miles  it  shows  as 
•I   ""  double  headed  point  with  a  lower  iicek  to  the  eastward  rising  to  a  level  line  hence  to  Pillow 


lit 


II 


'1,  ' 


n 


'I  I 


M 


m 

if^ 

i  ■: '  i 

I 

m^ 

■1 

1  ^ 

1! 

i 

1'  t 

52 


I'Aciiu;  ctiAsr  imi.oi'. 


Point,  'riicic  is  11  sliort  rt'cf  (if  rocks  cxtt'iidiiij;  wcstwardly  a  «|iiiiiti'r  of  a  mile  rmin  iii,.  i,,,;,,, 
iiliivasi  of  till'  Ii\;,'»(lilli  villa-jt'.  (Mosi-  on  tln'ontcr  ctljjc  oftliis  (lan;;iT  tlicrc  is  a.lij.iii  ,.i  tM,,||n 
I'atlionison  the  insitlo,  alurast  oftlio  Indian  viliat,'(',  tluTi-  is  n  dfi)tli  ofriulit  I'.itlioni.s 

Tlu'  wcslcin  honndai'v  ol'dic  liav  '.s  Sckon  *  Point,  wliirli  licstwo  niih's  soiitli  scmiip,  di;;!,.,, 
wcsi  (S.  "'I  W.)  tVoni  Slip  I'oint.  It  is  ('oin]>aialivi'l.v  Ion  and  lias  no  daii;:(is  mulri  ii.  Jim 
Itfliiiid  it  a  notifcaldi'  woodod  hillock  rises  to  a  moderate  liei^^lit.  and  Iteliiud  tliis  iIm  IhmviK 
wooded  liills  rise  rajtidlv  to  a  eonsidi-rahle  liei;rlit. 

In  sailing;  mi  oi'  down  tlie  strait  tliese  dill'erent    points  are  seen  in  a  series,   jiisl  eli n  ci 
utlier,  and  it  reipiires  a  liieal  knowledge  to  determine  those  which  lia\e  no  special  maik 

I-  iitail\ 


I'.iiii 


The  width  of  the  hay  tict'.veen  Sekoii  and  Slip  Point  i.s  twoiiiiles;  its  I'orm 
eiicnlar.  so  that  the  depth  of  the  hay  to  the  southward  is  nearly  one  mile.  There  is  :i  Iiki.hI,  |„u 
water  lieadi,  throiiL;h  the  middle  of  w  liich  emjities  the  ("la  Main  Piver,  a  small  si  ream  will,  ,,  i.iii,,  i 
Inoad  la^oeii  till  III  tor  one  mile  liwards  the  east  Itehind  a  low  spit,  .\cross  the  eni  i.uin  (■iili, 
hay  the  depths  ra'i;;e  to  ten  fathoms,  and  in  the  middle  tln'ic  is  a  depth  of  si\  fathoiu-;  mic  inii, 
outside  the  depth  is  toit\   fathoms. 

The   Indian   \illa;,'<    .it    the  easleiii   part   of  the    hay   near  the  turn  ot    the   ('jallaiii    \;\\i\  i 


named  II\  ■icdilh  on  Pichlier's  cliai  I  ;    that  on  the  west  side  of  the  hav  is  Kla  kla  w  ii 


i;    nil  111,    (' 


Survey  chart  it  is  named  llol, 


The  poMlioii  ot'  till    ha.\   is  fniind  hy  its  relation  to  the  lii;:li,  Ixih!,  wooded   rid^e   in 


lili:ii^  |MI 


allel  lo  the  si  lore  line  with  an  almost  \  ertii-al  water  face  from  Slip  Pujnt  lo  the  casi  w;ii(l  n  lui, 
ends  in  Pillar   Point.     Thiseasil\    rec.'i;ni/ed  rid^'c  is  ahont   one  thousand    feel    Iiil;I  ,  m  \ ,  n  im;, 
loii<;,  and  f.illsawa\    rapiillN    inshoie.  hut   with   hiulier  mountains  thice  or  four  iiii'('.>  Ii.hI,.     ;i 


ater  aloii;;  the  face  of  tl 


lis  i-ocl»v    w 


very  deep  and  the  hotloni   rocky  and   'irc;:iil 


are  rocks  aloii;.'  the  shoreline,  lint    llicy  a'c  close  iiiidei    it;   a  ileptliof  !•.;;   fiinoms  el   a.iIit;- 
found  at  one  ipiarler  mile  from  the  shore,  and  anchorage  is  not  plea>aiit. 

In  the  face  of  this  loiij;  line  of  clilf,  and  two  and  two  thirds  miles  Irom  Slip  Point,  tln-ic  is  \h, 
opening;  to  a  vein  of  iiL;nile  w  liich   lia.>  lu'cii    workc.i    hiit  is   not  snitahle  for  sleaiii  imai  riui>iiiiii 

e  coal  is  \  CI  \  t'asilv  hroUeii,  and  i-i  ll|lllllc■^  l'\ 


It  i- 


n  as  th.' I'nca  Strait  Coal  Niii 


Th 


exposure  to  ;he  weather.  Ill  IS.'iT  wcsaw  it  f'iily  tried  a.s  tnel  upon  a  sit  ainei .  Imi  ii  ilul  n. 
answer,  alllioiij;h  an  aiial>  sis  of  some  of  the  '.est  s|icciiiiclis  is  reported  to  lia\  e  _\  icidrd  >i\l\  ci;;! 
per  cent,  of  cai  lion.  The  mine  has  in  en  ahaialoned  and  the  hiiildinus  lia\e};oiie  idd.rjN  W 
ancliored  otV  this  mine  at  a  distance  ot'  a  ca'ile's  lcii;:tli  and  ioiind  the  depth  thirls  live  lilliuiu 
with  a  swell  upon  the  rocks  in  moderate  wtatlier  sutlicieiit  toilestroy  any   hoat  loadiii;;  ll,.ii. 

Two  miles  hroad  otV  the  face  of  this  line  ot  clitl  the  ilcptli  of  the  water  is  one  liiiiiiln 
fathoms,  o\er  a  hottom  ot   mud  and  hiack  and  ;;r.  y  sand,  the  iiiiid  hein^  to  the  <'astwaiil. 

Tlii'  Indian  name  of  Clallani  Pav  is  Kla  kla  wice. 


1MI.I..\1!     I'liINT. 


U. 


m 


'I'll  IS  not  a  hie  point,  live  linndrcd  or  si\  liniiil  cd  feet  hi;;li,  pioiccliii-  into  the  siiaii.  i-  umiiI 
I  U.I  miles  .-.011111  ei;:lil\  el^lit  deforces  east  (S.  .s.S     I",.)  tioni  the  iiolt  Jiwest  end  of   \\  a  .nl  d.ili  l>l,iliil 
and   twent>  ei^'lil    and  one  half    miles  sonlli   .M'\eiil,\  ci^ilil    ile-rces   west    (S.    .  ■^      W  .  >    li^'iu  l.'i 
Hook    l.iuht  !iiin..-e  at   Pint  .\iiL:eles, 


I'loiu    Pace    Island    i.i'dit  Ininse    it    heais   south    lilly  lonr  dt;;iccs    wcs 


■.t    (S.  ."il     \\  . '.  ill- 


laii 


'.ii.ili 


twenty  three  and  one  half  miles.  The  Iii;;h,  round  topped  and  wooded  hill  is  sli: 
fioin  the  main  iid;;e  h.\  a  depression;  and  hehiiid  it  and  on  the  I'a-l  side  ot  Pillai  I'miil  mi.  i 
suiiill  stream  called  Canel  IJivei  on  the  Admiralty  cliait,  hut  the  piop.i  name  is  ili<  l'\-.|i  iJw 
and  upon  it   is  the  Pyslil   xillaKc;    Kellelt  calls  this  the  Kel.sotli   \lllat;e, 


Pillar   Poi.it 


tied   fitiiii   the   water  to  the  summit,  which  is  hi^liei  tli.ni  Sli|.  I' 


from   the  strait,  wli"ii  Sli|t   Point    hears  s"nthwcst    one  hall    west    nine  inih  s  tli.st.inl,  I'lll.n  I'"!- 
shows  tlarkly  a;;ainst  the  hi;;h  mountains  of  the  ( H.\  mpns  raii^^c.     It  i>  then  a  liille  lii-lii  i  lii 


the  ritlj,re  towaril.s  Slip  Point,  which  shows  as 


a  low  .satldlc  '  itli  a  nctk  lo  the  ca-iwai 


When  a  vessel  is  tliiee  or  four  miles  east  .southeast  from  Waatl  tiali  Islaml,  Pill,  i  Pi'i 
onleiniost  point    \  isihli      Ion;;  tin  south  shore  of  the  strait. 

\\  hen  ihc  Point  IN  .seen  hearing  southeast  one  half  south  ei^;lit  or  nine  miles  tlistam 
a  huj^e,  hlick,  h.i- slack  rock    ahoill  one  hnntlretl    leet    lii;;li  chi.se   under  the  eastern  slm 


'I  II.' 


I  lii<  |ili>|irl  piiilllMii  III 


III  111"  llir  niiiiii'  .Si  Kiiti  in  .Sikki'  11. 


il('|itll  ol  IWiMih 
IIILS 

■i('\  I'll!  '.  il(  ;;lii 
Mllllrl  i!.  .Ii;, 
llis    l!h     lnM>i'> 

sl    cliMl    el    ,Mi  ! 

iiiuiK 

I    i-     lUMI  '\     SCi!, 

IS  ;i  liiip.iil,  lii« 
nil  w  nil  ,1  i.iilii! 

CllllMlM  r  III    llii 
IImuii^;  mil' III, 

'l;lll;iiii    I:. Ml     ' 
III ;   oil  III!  ('ii;i<: 

l^f   1  iiiiiini-  |i,u 

ISl  \\  lllll    u  lirh 

il;^l  ,  M\  111  i!ii'. 
iii'.i'.>  ImiK.      i  III 
'irc,::ul  i;  ;  !li' 
IIOIIIS   (■!    V.  ilii 

'(lint  .  tlii'l  r  1^  liir 

III    I I    I  M'jsiiiiij, 

;lll(l  ri  Hiiililr^  li\ 
■r.  tilil  n  I'.iil  iml 
iclilfil  >;\I\  ci;;!!! 
ic  Iti  <l.  !■  i\.  \\i 
ilt\  I'n  r  ritliulii'. 
iKiilin;^  iLi  h'. 
I'  IS  nlir  liiiiiilh  'i 
ist  \v;ii(l. 


r-ji* 


(■  sli;ill,  1-  MM-lltV 
A  ;l  ,1(1  il.lii   I>I.iIm1, 

,    w  .1  li-iii  i:.i,/ 
,.  fil     \\    ,  ili-i.iii; 

<l|-||ll\     >.|Ml.lllil 

iMi   I'liiiii   niiiMll"' 

i  III,'  i'\-.iii  i:ni'i. 


;ill  Sll]"  I'mIIiI.  .III'I 

.sl.llll,    I'lll.ll     l'"ll" 

litilf  Iii-Imi  till" 

i>l  \\  ;ilil. 

I'lJl,  !■   I'l.lll!    I'll"' 

I's  (lislMiii  i;  -li"«^ 
.stcni  slio  I  "I  III'' 


Pillar  Point,  BE.  J  S.,  8^  miles. 


OlyiupuB  in  clouds, 


:\ 


(r^^f 


A*. 


Striped  Peak,  l.aMt  fe«t. 
E.iN.,«7  miles. 


PillftT  Point, 


Slip  Point,  E.  by  8.  |  S,,  4  miles. 


Clallam  Bay  and  Village. 


-  -  .r"..«  -.-i,^."^_». 


Pillar  Point  Ridge. 


Slip  Point. 


Towards  Capo  Flattery. 


ne|v< 


M 


.  Ill 


ll       ♦ 


■ 

^"f  "".'1 

1 

f  ^ 

;^i 


iM 


i»^a 


« 


I  I 


1    !' 


■i 

i 

< 
■'J 

i 

1 

( 

"  h 

li 

\ 

H 

'1 

U 

\ 

M^H 

l«  1 

'Affmj 

i; 

Hffl 

'j  - 

H 

1 

1 

■ 

i ' 

M 


>»  ^  :>''^5*'' 


P"intAngelin.",H  miles. 


.  ^^ 


' . ..- .►«?^^ 


«jjji>iltlr»- 


Z^*,  .'■;.''•''>.»" 


■«'j»M»>-<f.Mr'SJ9"';-ti''r!'<f  <i»f  V 


««««.;»'■.'. '*a 


StriiM'il  IVak.  l.'.'.Vi  L  .  t    E.  i  S..  T.  mil.'!,. 


Cnwciit  Hay- 


•m 


ii 


!     I 


t    '  !  1     I 


'it 


<'';v  JBi 


■SI 


'fi !  f.«i 


f  ii 


iM- 


I'ACII'IC    (OAST    I'll.or. 


625 


'I'll';- 


wihhIciI  point      To  tin-  wrslwaitl  of  ilir  hill  tiic  .sii;;lit,  i)r»'ak  down  of  tlu'  ii<i;,'(^  is  se»3n 


wil 
liin-  II 
liiilf  >' 


I  liicr.     r>t'liinil   il  iii'f  tli(>  onlljiii;;  lii^'li   hills  of  Hit'  ()l,vin|ius  lan^ 


On  llii^  iioitli 


I'lllar  I'ltinl  llii'ic  is  (Ict'p  waltT  close  iinilcr  tlu;  slioir;  tlu;  dt'iitli  is  lil'ty  t'atlioins  at.  halt'  a 


III. 


iciiij;Mt' 
llilci 


l.a.st  (d    I'illar  I'oiiit  tin-  sllo^(^  is  low    and   I ri-ndu  south-southeast  lor  one  mile,  I'oiiniii}^  a  low 
lii'liiiid   whiili  is  Ihe  ri\er    l\\>lil.     'I'liis  reeession  I'oiins  an  oi)eii   Itiiy   wliielt  has  less  than 


il\   .1 


r.illiiiiiisol   water  tliion;;li  il  ;   l>nl  lioin  three  lathonis  to  twenty  lathmns  the  disianee  is  MTy 
liiiil,      riierc   IS  an   extensive   Hal  of  shoal    water   under  tiie  <'asl    side  of  I'illar  I'oint  oeeii|i,\  in;; 
II  ol'  (he  area  of  the  l»a\  ;   and  \essels  seeking  an  iin(;hora;;e  hert?  to  await  Hie  ehan;;;e.  of 
|j;;lit   winds,  or  when    nin-erlain  of  their   position   in  smoky  weather  ami   waitin;;  I'or  Ihu 
ihcre  to  elear  np,  mn.st  keep  Ihe  lead  Ki'iHr^^  eonstiintiy  and  ipiiekly  Iteeaiise  Ihe  (tlian;;'e  of 
,[,\<\\\  Iriiiii  ten  fathoms  to  two  fathoms   is  very  sadden.     Then;  is  no  kt.-lp  hi<re  lo  mark  the  nsniil 


III-. I 
lull    III 

,ltlMH>| 


line  lit   IIm'  or  si\  fatlioin- 


liereaiclwo  lar;;e    rocks  nearly  southeast  from    I'illar  I'oiiit  and  a, 


S^(    I 


i\  anchor  well  outside  Ihe  line  liel  ween  the  extremity  of  the  point  and  (he  easternmost 


Till'  liver  l',\slit  under  I'illar  Point  is  inconsideralile  in  si;:e,  and  doe.s  not.  admit,  llit;  entriUico 
,t  ,1  lioal  exi'cpt  at  lii;;h  water. 

\  l.iiue  loiifiiii;;  camp  is  estalilished  at  I'yslit  Kiver  and  the  rafts  ait;  made  up  in  thi;  rivor, 
tthcliic  llicy   are   lowed    to   Hie  saw  mills  in  rii;;et  Sonnd.     'I'liis  settlement    is  seen  to  tin;  .south- 


d  of  I'lll.ir  i'liint  when  Ihe  latle 


ais  aliiint  southwest,  distant  six  or  seven  miles. 


Ill  si\lccn   miles  east  of  I'illar  I'oini  to  Ton;,'iie  I'oint,  the   western  i>iut  of  Slri|ped  Peak,  the 
slinrc  icccdes  in  a  ioii;;  curve  two  miles  to  tin;  soiilhward,  and  is  a  line  of  modeiately  low  clay  elill's 
liim    with  low    shore  lii'okeii  I liroii,i;h  liy  many  small   streams.     Tin;  slion;  is  iiordeied  (;loso 


alli'lli:i 

iniili'l  llie  clin'> 


y   1 


neks,  and  the  tliice-fatliom  line  of  sonndiii;;s  averaj.ce  nearly   half  a  niiU;  out. 


Tlicir  IS  .1  iiarriiw  tieid  of  kelp  aloii;;  the 


Iter  pait  of  this  shore-line  reaeliiiiH-  to  nix  and  .seven 


I'atlioiiis  nf  water.  ( tiil.siile  of  this  kelp  the  ten  fathom  line  avera;;e.s  thi'ee-foiirth.s  of  a  mile  from 
sliiiic.  <>iilhe  line  liclwecn  the  two  points  the  ileptli  of  water  is  forty  livi;  fathoms  abreast  of 
Til"  T'liiiUolt  which  adepthiif  sixteen  fathoiiis  is  found  onu mile  frum  tiie  elilf, and  three fathuin.s 
Ml  iiiMily  half  a  mile.     There  is  kelp  oil'  this  point. 

I,„ir  roiiit  inid  l.iin:  ///(v c— This  low    point    is  eleven  and  one-half  miles  north  ei}>lity-two 
ili-Kis  e.isl  (N.  sj"  i;,)  fiom  I'illar  Point.     There  is  no  kelp  olV  this  point  and  shoal  water  makes 


mil  > 
»;ilrr  is  I'l 


distaii 


The  three  latliiim    line  is   half  a  mile  from  tin;  shon;  and  sixtei'ii  fathoms  of 


Hind  at  one  mile.     .\  small  stream  called  the  Lyre  IJiver*  hreaks  lhroitf;Ii  this  low  point. 

U  *7<7i  i:iii>y. — ThelMioy  with  horizontal  Mack  ami  led  stripes,  which  was  formerly  placed  one 
.iimI  oik  liftli  miles  north  Ity  east  three  ipiarters  east  (N.  hy  K.  ,'  II.)  from  I^ow  Point,  has  been  re- 
1111, Mil.     (Oclolicr,  ISSS.) 

/V(i»i  I'l  hir  I'oint  lo  Cirscrnf  llai/  an  anehoraKe  may  be  had  near  the  <'oast  in  ten  to  six  or 
>.\iii  tiitlioms  nf  water  in  ^ood  weather,  and  the  Coast  chart  is  siillicient  to  indicate  the  fjeneral 
iiiiulilinns,  as  there  are  no  known  dan;jers  oiitlyin;;'  the  kelp  where  it  exists.  Tlier*;  is  very  often 
an  iiiiroiiifoi'tahle  swell  setting  aloiiy;  the  shore  from  tin;  westward. 

Mi'liiiid  this  sixteen  mile  stretch  of  .shore  the  wooded  hills  rise  to  the  first  broken  laiif^e,  and 
i.iitliri-  ill  liij;her  wooded  hills  ontlie  the  Olympus  rani;e  of  monntaiiis.  Kellett  places  om;  inoniit- 
.i:!i  III  liiiir  thousand  feet  elevation  six  miles  from  Low-  Point  in  a  soiitli-.soiitheast  tlirection. 

STRirKD   I'KAK. 


i 


;n  d 


ii 


I'ldin  Pillar  Point  the  lu'xt  i»rominent  object  is  the  hipli  wooded  liill  called  Striped  Peak, 
.Wiuli  IS  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  sixty  live  feet  above  the  sea.  The  summit,  a  short  dis 
Ml  1 1-  back  from  the  shore,  bears  north  seventy  seven  dcj;rees  east  (N.  77^  Iv)  seventeen  and  one- 
iiiiiiiii  miles  Ironi  Pillar  Point. 

Tlic  outline  of  this  peak  is  more  re;rnlar  than  any  other  alon;;  the  .south  shore  of  the  strait, 
il'liraniiK  liki;  a  low,  flat  cone.  When  Striped  Peak  bears  east  by  south  at  a  distance  of  live 
■'!'•-  il   shows  lip  very  dark  in  color  and   rej:iilar  in  form.     To  the  northward  and  eastward  is 

II  the  low  .Xiiiicles  Point,  and  over  it  hiulier  and  more  distant  land.     To  the  south  are  seen  the 

li-li  snow  covered  peaks  of  the  (tl\mpiis  Mountains  and  a  double  peaked   intermediate  mountain 
"11  the  briH;lit  dill' of  Crcsient    I'.av.     \Vc   have  seen   it   from  the  west  at  a  distance  of  thirty 


■  Thin  Ih  llio  iiuiiiu  on  tin;  I'.nnlisli  Clinit  of  1s.|7.     Tim  Indlim  niiiiiu  of  tlic  Htri'iiiii  !.■(  T.ta-liiili. 


I.  ^ 


\ 


;:« 


'  ) 


»    i- 


'/'    V  :if 


52n 


I'ACIKIC    ('((AST    I'll.Hl'. 


iiiilcs  wlu'ii  tlic  iitiiiosiilicrc  wiiH  soiiicwii.ii  li;i/.v  licliiiiil  il,  aiiil  llic) k  stooil  mit  \ilv  .\  liu.ii,,, 

(•one  island.  W'Ih'II  seen  to  I  lie  rust  one  <|iiiii'lt'i'  iiortli  at  a  (lislaii-'c  (•!'  Iwciit.N  .•.cscii  irii|,.s  n  j, 
the  (iiilci'inost  |M)iiit  til  land  and  its  scawaxl  sltipc  is  a  slrai^lil  line,  lint  t'rom  ijn^  |MMlt  -'>  iiliwai,! 
tin'  sl(i|H'  is  ;iii|  so  piMrcct  .  ICast  one  tliird  sontli,  twenty  si\  nnlcs,  tlic  scawanl  i,,.  „^|^ 
(■(intinncd  a  liill<>  lii;:li(r  In  a  taintcr,  dciililc  peaked  inmintain  lievoinl ;  llie  Slripnj  i  ii,  ^^ ,, 
dark  niider  the  shaddw  ofeldinl.  A  vessel  eoniinj;  tint  (if  Victoria  si'es  Striped  I'e.il,  |ii  •  • 
east  of  Itaee  l>land  lii;:lit  li(Mis(>  hearing  sontli  li,v  west  Inmi  ninelceii  to  lilieen  mills,  mih 
line  is  nearly  as  re;,'idar  as  I'roni  other  directions. 

This  hioniitain  is  in  the  middle  of  a  strai};lit  line  of  rocky  Idull  shore,  three  miles  inn. 
north  ami  west  liy  south.  Iielweeii  'roiiy;iie  I'oint  at  the  west  and  Oltserx  alor.\   Point  .il  II 

There  is  a  line  of  kelp  close  under  this  shore,  and  the  twenty  fathom  line  of  suiiinliii 
liiilfii  mile  from  the  shore. 

Heliind  Striped  IV'ak  the  mountains  rise  lapidly  toward  the  Olympus  riiii;,'e.  Kcllcn  lii,  i,, 
eated  several  ot  these.  I'lie  ne.irest  (me  has  an  elevalion  of  three  thousand  live  liniiilrnl  i,,!  .imi 
lies  south  south)  ast  sexcii  miles  distant;  another  peak,  sis  thousand  and  Iv.eUe  fen  hi.li.i, 
sonlh  liy  e.ist  distant  eleven  and  one  t'oiirth  miles;  a  third  mountain,  of  six  thoiisaiid  l\vi>  I  ,ii„||,,| 
and  .si'veiilylive  feet,  liears  .sontli  thirty  de;;rees  east  (H,  ;!(>  I'',.)  ilistant  lliirteen  ami  nn,  lnH 
miles. 


I"  III. 

IMIIII 

l-l    I'V 

I     l>l 
■    !•  Ilnl 


miles. 

Sniped  Peak  was  so  named  from  a  well  marked  line  of  oxposed  earth  on  the  wniei  ■^\i\rr\ 
tendin;;  Inun  close  nnder  the  siiininif  very  nearly  totli(>  wat«^r.  The  mark  is  almost  oliliii  i;iii  i|  li\ 
the  growth  of  \e;;etatioii  overhanging;  the  side. 

CltKSri'.NT    HAY. 

Tongm'  Point  lie.s  one  and  onodialf  miles  west  liy  south  from  Striped  Peak,  and  it  fnnns  ihr 
eastern  side  of  a  sli;;ht  indentation  of  the  shore  line,  extendin};  one  mile  to  the  westwaid.  aIhu. 
another  low  point  extends  out  one  third  of  a  mile  to  form  ('resent  l>ay.  Ton;;iie  Pnini  li.:s  sm 
era!  visilile  rocks  stictchiii};  out  one  loiirtli  or  one-third  of  a  mile  to  the  westward.  'I'Ih'  ui'stiin 
point,  called  .Mtawas  by  the  Indians,  hasa  siiiikrn  rock  iialf  a  mile  northward  witli  liflerii  Imi  ii 
water  over  it  and  upon  which  the  swell  lireaks  at  low  water.  There  is  a  depth  of  ei},'lit  I.ijIiumv 
close  outside  and  six  fathoms  on  'I-e  east  and  west.  This  is  the  only  known  hidden  il.in.'ii  iii 
the  .south  shore  of  the  strait  inside  of  Dunt/e  l.'ock.  A  nd  huoji  has  (leeii  placed  oiiI>hIi'  ihh 
sunken  rock  in  four  fathoms  of  water.  Inside  the  points  of  the  bay  there  i.s  a  depllior  si\  iniii 
nms,  and  twenty  fathoms  less  than  one  half  of  a  mile  outsid(>. 

There  is  no  ^ood  ancliora;:e  here,  as  the  bottom  is  not  p  tod  and  the  currents  lulu  .in  ihr 
rock  and  the  re.'f  oil'  T(m};ue  I'oint  are  treacherous. 

From  the  buoy  to  the  Kdi/  Hook  Ia;;lit  house  the  bearinj;  is  north  seventy  lour  (I(;;i.cm;i>i 
(N.  7PK.)  and  the  distance  thirteen  miles,  just  clearing  i\:i;reles  Point,  and  from  llic  I>iim\  i.i 
N.iW  I>iint;ene.ss  Iii;;lit  house  the  beariii;,' m  north  si.xty  four  decrees  east  (N.  tU  K.)  and  ili.  il^ 
tiiiic'O  twenty  four  iiiul  uuu  half  uiileH. 


FHESll     WATEIl   BAY. 

A[wat  nw  and  two  thirds  miles  east  of  Striped  Peak  18  the  moderately  low  wooded  c\i 
of  the  land  strefchin;,'  from  the  peak  and  foriniii},'  the  western  point  of  Fresh  Water  l!.i> 
is  known  asObservatory  Point,  and  has  several  visible  and  sunken  rocks  ruiiiiiii},'  iieailv  mr 
of  a  mile  to  the  c'lstward. 

The  eastern  point  of  the  bay  is  the  low  delta  named  Angeles  Point,  nmlerthe  wcstirn  - 
which  empties  the  Klwha  Hiver  by  several  mouths. 

Aufieles  Point  bears  north  sixty  (le}.'rees  east  (N.  (KP  K.)  throe  miles  from  Observatuiv 
and  fnwu  the  line.ioinin«  these  the  .southern  shore  recedes  a  little  over  a  mile  with  an  in' 
outline.  On  the  liiu*  of  the  two  points  the  depth  of  water  is  about  tiftecn  fathoms;  iiiM.l. 
the  de] It h  decreases  to  hI.x  fathoiiiH  at  about  half  a  mile  from  the  shore,  which  is  cl.iin  • 
towards  the  western  part  where  there  is  a  narrow  line  of  kelp  for  one  and  one  fourth  m 
Ob,servatory  Point.  Oil  the  delta  the  dejith  decrea.ses  trom  one  fathom  to  ten  fathoms  in  i 
and  to  the  eastward  of  AuKeles  Point  a  «reat  bank  liaviii};  from  live  to  ten  fathoms  of  w;il.  i 
it  Htretclies  northward  a  jiiih^  and  eastward  fovvaids  Fdiz  Hook. 

Thu  spit  oir  Point  Angeles  must  be  approached  with  great  care  in  thick  weather,  Im 


riinlv 
Till. 

iliinl 


iiiii'. 
_;ill.il 
ol  ;I 

\r<.  Ill 

mil'; 
ii|iiiii 

(  .lllsl' 


'>"'  ■'  "».  Il.ll, 

t'll      Illlll'N       il       i^ 

mU  ^'  ;ii|i»ari| 
;mi1        |„.  „,|, 

;ik   \''     I..  III,. 
•s.  aihl  ,!s  ,,i|| 

•>■  Inli,   ,  ,,v|  1,\ 
:il    I  III'  fllMl. 

Illllllll-^  l<  lllil 
Kflli'ii  li;i>  111 

mIk.I    I,.,.!    ,111,1 

I'   ti'i-l    lii-li,  i> 
ll   tWn  Inimllv,! 

1  ami  i.iir  half 

Wllll'l    N|,|i.  ,.\ 
<)lllili'l;it<'i|  li\ 


■»# 


m 


«!  ;' 


i\    ll     I'iMIM--    till' 
'.S|\(  ;inl.    A  MI'IC 
IVtilll      ll.>    M'V 
.       Till'   UC^Il'lll 

tifliM'ii  ll  i-i  I ' 

fii;lit  l,i;liiiii> 

Idcii  i1;iiii:('i  iMi 

■d    illllMilr  lllh 
[Ah  ufsi\  l';illi 

S      llft\M'l    11     llll' 

lir  (li';;lrCN  r,\s\ 
)in    llic    liiiii>  III 

!•;.)  aiitl  III"  ill- 


lodt'd  cM^rniil) 
Iter  l'..i\      Till- 

:i('llll\  HI. I    '"I  III 

western  ~  'll'  ■  I 

i('i'\atiii\  rmti'- 
III  ail  iiii-uliii 
ins;  iiisiili'  (ll  It 
is  clean  '  \i'''lil 

lolirlll    in.lis'ii 

holiis  ill  I  mil'; 
IS  (if  wall!  ii|"'ii 

TatluT,  lin.MlSl' 


Striii<:il  IViik.  t, 


I 


ytripod  . 


i^triiiutl  I'pak.  l,t>r>0  tto-t,  K.  t  N.,  It  iiiiIuh.  t'resceat  Uay. 


KiVvi  flook  r.iglit-house  (approx.  8W.  by  W., 6  m 


S::;!fe%iifc^-^-^ 


Utripod  Peak,  l,25U  foul,  £.  )  S., 26  mile*. 


Olympic  Mountuins. 


liMiuuM  (approx.  8W.  by  W., 6  milfls).    Weatbsr  smoky. 


ii 


u^ : : 


W^l 


If 


wm 


IS-        ^  :|  I 

fc    '■     '  I, 


:i 


;si#''; 


i' 


•■*  ■!■   ;  I 


Is.  ■ 


■^i'^^ii 


:  1  '     i' 


«.«^ 


I 


ill 
W 
I.I 

I. 
A 

III, 

ill 


U-\ 


I'ACll'If;    COAST    I'lLOT. 


527 


then'  -.wo,  no  trooa  on  tlio  oxtroiiio  i»(»iiit,  aud  tlioiofoni  it,  can  not  bo  scon  until  ono  is  closo  upon  it; 
,ilil,,,ii;;li  it  tlio  lead  is  iist-tl  vij^ilaiitly  it  will  g'wa  fair  warning  of  its  proximity. 

I  icsh  Water  I!ay  is  an  open  roatlstoad,  l)ut  aii(;lioia},'c  may  be  had  in  modcrato  weather.  Kut 
It  iili'iils  no  shcltor  tVom  the  westerly  swell  exci4»t  close  under  the  lee  of  the  rocks  olf  ()l»serva- 
loi'.  I'diirt,  where  a  vessel  may  hiid  comparativ«'ly  snio' tli  imchorafje  witli  f^ooil  holdinjj  ^'oniid 
,\n<,  ii|i  lo  the  kelp.  In  the  Oiwtorn  part  of  tho  bay  the  bottom  is  smooth  rock,  on  which  the 
■iiM  Imr  will  nut  hold. 

{'Ill  i'.hvha  Kiver  is  reporteil  to  be  ono  of  tho  most  convenient  places  for  obtaining  fresh 
■,\  iiii:  il  is  a  very  rapid  moniitain  stream  and  brings  down  a  large  amount  of  material  in  sua- 
|ii  ■11.111.    The  western  tributary  of  the  I'llwlia  rises  in  Lake  Sutherland. 

rill'  M.iiiie  (if  tlu^  liay  is  that  given  on  ihe  Admiralty  <!hart  of  l.stT. 

i  lull'  is  an  Indian  village  on  the  Klwha  of  tho  .samo  name. 

THE  ELWriA   HANK. 

Northeastward  of  tho  low  delta  of  Angeles  Point  an  oxtensivo  ton-fatliom  bank  reaches 
iiiiiii' ili.iii  half  way  to  T'diz  Hook.  The  western  limit  of  the  fen  fathom  <!iirve  stretches  north- 
iiiiiilii';ist  aliout  on(>  and  oiu'lialf  miles  and  then  runs  ntarly  east  northeast  fer  three  miles,  when 
il  ili.iiK  oil  suddenly  into  lifly  fathoms.  ()utsid<»  thes(i  lini:t>'  lo  tlii^  wi'st  and  northwest  tho 
nvi'!ii\  lalhom  lino  reaches  twothirds  of  a  mile.  Inside  of  \\u\  ten-fathom  Vuni  the  deiith  is  mo*I- 
iiiii  !\  ii'gnlar  in  to  the  three  falliom  line,  which  is  one  half  of  a  mile  from  the  shore.  IJiit  uiuler 
till' eastern  poinl,  and  theiuH^  insi.ore  to  tin*  western  part  of  the  Ediz  Hook,  the  deep  pocket  of 
liiiix  riilliiiiiis  cuts  under  to  Ihe  weslwiinl.  There  is  frecpiently  a  very  heavy  swell  on  this  baidf, 
;iii.l  tilt  re  is  ii<  |irotectioii  from  it.  Thii  bottom  is  gravel  and  broken  .shelia  ami  fine  gray  sand 
iiisiiiiii'.     In  tli(^  iiocket  thu  bottom  is  line  sand  and  mud. 


i 

it 


,1 


POUT  ANOKLES. 

J'lleven  miles  north  seventy-one  degrees  east  (N.  71  ^  K.)  r.om  Striped  Pe.ak  and  six  and  one- 
iiiill  miles  north  seventy-three  degrees  east  (N.  T.'P  Vj.)  from  Angeles  Point,  is  the  Light-houso 
ii|M.ii  the  eastern  ex'iemity  of  tli(!  I'M!/*  Hook. 

rins  Hook  is  a  l"iig,  low,  very  narrow  sand  spit  streiehing  out  from  the  ehiy  bliilf  three  miles 
iiiii!li  iilty  six  degrees  east  (N.  .')<>"'  I'^.),  with  a  regular  sweeping  curve  .swelling  a  little  to  the 
iiiiiil;  .(.u.  Tho  extremity  lies  one  ,111(1  one  half  mih'solf  tho  main  shore,  and  thus  an  excellent 
mill  I'xU'iisjM'  harbor  is  formed,  protected  from  tln^  north  round  by  tho  west  and  .south,  but  oiUMi 
to  till'  eastward,  with  deep  water  of  twenty-live  to  Ihu'y  fathoms  over  a  sandy  bottom  close  umler 
till  iiisiiie  of  the  sand  spit  almost  to  Iho  head  of  the  bay.  Through  the  (lenter  of  tho  bay  wo 
liMiiiu  a  line  of  lifteen  fathoms  over  sticky  bottom,  and  between  that  and  the  main  shore  it  shoals 
viiy  icgnlaily,  willi  tln^  same,  kind  of  bottom.  The  Ihreefathom  line,  lies  as  nuw.h  as  a(iinu'terof 
11  mile  from  tln^. south  shor(%  and  there  is  a  lu'oad,  low-water  Ix'ach  ;  but  in  places  tho  clay  blulf, 
wliiili  is  iiliimt  seventy  live  feet  high,  comes  almost  directly  to  the  high  water  lino  except  in  a  few 
localities.    The  binlf  and  Ihe  Hat  country  back  of  it  are  densely  wooded. 

I  ic-li  water  is  found  at  several  places  on  the  south  shore,  but  the  oxtousivo  Hats  render  it 
iliitiriilt  III  obtain. 

I  inter  tho  south  shoi-e  is  the  sih^  of  the  town  of  Port  Angeles,  .st-;tching  for  a  milo  ami  a 
'i.ili  eiist  anil  west,  but  at  present  priiiei|ially  represented  by  a  small  ^i  (tlement  abreast  Taylor's 
'i;  Noiiiian'-''.)  < 'reek.  Irom  which  «'xlends  a  wlniif  seven  hundred  fee,  into  tho  bay,  with  a  T  one 
liiii.ilred  feet  long.  Tliere  is  a,  (h'ptli  of  .>.ixleen  and  one  half  f(!et  of  water  at  the  end  of  the  wharf, 
«li!rli  lies  one  and  two  thirds  miles  s- nth  twenty  nine  degrees  west  (S.  L'iP  \V.)froiu  the  Ediz  n(mk 
l.ulit-liouse.  On  the  ouisiih!  of  the  spit  very  deep  water  is  fouml  clo.se  to  it,  aiul  tho  Hook  may 
I"' 'oiindeil  within  a  cable's  length  in  twenty  live  (athoms.  Half  way  from  tho  Light-houso  to 
.\M-i-les  Tdint  i.s  ih(^  eastern  cdg(^  of  tln^  Khvha  llank,  with  ten  fathoms  of  water;  it  has  been 
iilleiiily  desciibed. 

Ill  loggv  and  smoky  wealher,  with  no  witnl  and  the  currents  unknown,  a  vessel  on  this  sidt  of 
I  lie  .-.I  rill  must  be  vigilant  and  keep  llui  leal  going. 

Vessels  (!oming  up  the  strait  and  bound  for  Departure  Bay  sometimes  go  into  Port  Angoles 
ml  ielegraph  to  Port  Town.soml  for  a  tug. 


JJ'S 


1 


*  So  iiitmoU  oil  the  Ailiiiiriilt}  than.  l.slT  ;  K-eiliz  on  lliul  of  Icf.VJ. 


i!  i^'i 


IHI^ 


''■'^  'Jf. !  U 


528  I'ACIKIC   COAST    I'lI.OT. 

TIm'  Hook  is  fovcriMl  with  coarse  -^lass,  ami  in  many  places  with  dril'twood,  slniwniLr  lint  ||||. 
8oa  sometimes  washes  over  it.  Altlion},'h  it  lies  well  out  of  the  liiii'of  vessels  ImiuihI  ,  .Ii,  ;  m  ,,, 
ont  of  the  strait,  it  has  heen  deemed  necessary  to  inaik  it  with  a  Iii;;iit-honse.  in  llii(K,iin/i 
weather  it  would  jn'ohalily  be  dislinj,Miished  if  clumiis  of  trees  were  planted  iip>>ii  u,  ;is  „,. 
recinntnended  in  \!>'>'2  for  the  low  ton};no  of  New  l)nn;;eness.  Troni  the  middle  of  ilir  .-.imh  il,,. 
Hook  «'an  not  lie  seen,  and  its  positior.  is  ascertained  by  the  I,i;,'litlionse  building's  or  lin  pnulini 
ities  ol   the  blnlf  beyond. 

At  the  head  of  the  i»ay,  and  eonneeled  tlierewilh  by  a  small  outlet,  there  is  a  laii;r  s:ili  v-nii 
la^roon.     The  bi  ai-li  at  the  head  of  (he  bay  alVonls  a  capital  beach  for  lieaviu;^  down  a  m  -  .  1 

In  IS,"ii!  we  occupied  an  aslronomi<'al  station  at  tlu^  head  of  the  bay;  il  was  i  wn  .iu,i  lu 
eijihihs  miles  southwest  by  south  from  laii/  llook  Li},'lit. 

■niK    I.KIIIT  HOl  SB   (IN    I'.IIIZ    IKKiK,    ViHlV    ANCKI.KS. 

The  l.ii;lit'houso  is  within  li fly  live  yards  of  the  eastern  exiremilyof  the  IlooN  loi  nmi'^  tlii 
northern  side  of  the  bay  of  I'.irt  Ani^eles  and  sixty-seven  yards  from  the  inner  Inn  h.  n,,. 
siruelure  consists  of  the  keeper's  dwelling  of  one  and  a  half  stories,  painted  while,  riniii  Miiiiii 
rises,  just  above  the  loof  at  the  outer  end,  the  short  s<piar(^  tower,  also  painted  wliitr,  with  tin 
d<ime<if  (he  lanlei-n  black.  The  liei};ht  of  the  focal  plain'  is  thirty-live  feel  above  ihr  lia-.(' :iii,i 
foit\  two  feet  abo\e  the  sea.  The  liu'ht  is  a  li.nil  irliilf  liiilit  of  the  liftll  ordi'l'  ol'  Imi'sucI. 
illiiminaiin;;  the  entire  liori/.on.  It  was  tirst  exhibited  ApiilL',  isri.'i,  and  is  shown  liciiii  >iiiim  ; 
to  sunrise.     In  ordinary  slates  of  the  atmos|iliere  it  should  be  seen  tVom  a  hei^^ht  oi  — 

111  firt  ^it  II  ilisl.imr  lit"  11.11  mill's. 
'20  ft  i-t  at  ailislHMcc  of  IJ.'i  iiiilrs. 
no  frri  at  a  (li.staiicT  nf  !;!.<   iiiilis. 

Its  ;;eo;;raphical  jiosilion,  as  determined  by  the  T.  S.  ("oast  ami  (Jeodetie  Survey,  is: 

l.;iliiii(l.> I-      II-     •,M'    iiorlh. 

I.iiln;itll(li' I',';!      'il      IC       wrst. 

<ii.  Ill  tinic -''   i:i"  :ir.'.ri. 

The  l.i^lil  lioiise  is  xisible  in  day  time  IVoin  a  ship's  deck  when  abicast  of  Kaci'  b'm  K  l,i;lii 
house. 

The  ma^'nelie  va-iation  for  .lanuary,  ISS.".,  was  L'li  Ht'  east,  and  it  was  then  at  ihi-  iniiinl  ni 
niaxiinnm  vaiiatimi. 

I'dr,  .sKiNAi,  AT  r.niz  ikkik  i.ic.irr  ikhsh. 

On  I)e<'eniiier  1.  IS"<."»,  a  Co;;  bell  wcif;hiii^r  three  thousand  one  Inindred  pounds  was  evi.ilili^lnd 
at  this  stalioii.  The  bell  lower  .■structure  is  the  Irusliim  of  a  sipiare  pyrtimid  thirty  teel  lii,!i.iiiil 
liltern  I'.et  sipiaie  at  the  base,  and  painted  white.  It  is  situated  one  hundred  and  iil:IiI  .viinls 
noithwi-,1  b.\  north  from  the  Iaj;lit  hoii.se.  The  lull  is  struck  by  machiiu'ry,  and  dm  iii.' lliitk 
and  I'ojr^l.v  weather  is  sounded  a  siiKjir  hlmr  at  intervals  of  lil'teen  seconds. 

A  fo^:  si;,'mil  is  very  necessary  at  this  jioint. 

From  this  liy;hl  we  have  the  following,'  beaiin;,'s  antl  tlistanccs  to  important  points: 

I'illar   I'oiiil •'*■'■■  \\'  -'S  niilis 

N.iillnMsl    poiiil   i.f  \Va;\ililali    Islaii.l S    -'.'  \V.  .'.o  iiiili- 

It.d  lliinv  (itr  Civ.siiiil  Hay   \l«rk .'^.TI'W.  l:i  mil'- 

ICac.'  Islaiiil    l.i;;lil-l >«• >"'■•'''  W'  H'!  iiiil'"<. 

i:«|iiiliiall   l,i;;lil  licmsc N-  ^'l  W.  17*  liiil<'~. 

Vi.tiiiiii   I.iBlil-liciM.w N.'JI  \V.  K  mill-. 

r.irt  |ii'.<ovrry    biulit-lioiis.' N.    ;t  W.  1-',  null's 

Siiiilh'N  Islai.il   I.ijjlil-li.nm.' ^-  ■^■'  '•■  -'liinil.s. 

N.'w  llie  jjiMi.'Ms  I.inlit-lioii.sii N   ■'•'■  '■■•  '-  "''''" 

;;.,.iy  .iir  i)iiii«iMiii.H  i.iuiit-iii>uHf N- •■i     i'-        '-.  ""''^ 

7';,/,.v._Tlies.'  wen-  observed  in  ISSI  diiriii},'  the  projrress  of  the  hydro-rapl.s .  and  wluli'  il".^ 
follow  the-eiierallaw  tor  the  Pa<'ifi(M'oaKt  they  prove.!  tobe  very  irregular  ami  p.iplcMii^'.  I'  iilim 
lia|ipeiied  that  there  was  no  perceptible  movement  of  the  tide  for  live  or  six  hours  and  I'l  i  li" 
inches  Ihr.muhout  the  day.     The  mean  ri.se  and  fall  of  the  tides  is  four  and  seven  teiitlis  I  .1. 

TheCorrected  i;stablishm.'nt  or  mean  interval  belween  thetime.of  the  Moon's  transit  .iiiiilln 
time  of  high  water  is  XIV"  Hi  ,  but  they  may  occur  'S'  .iO  '  earlier  or  later. 


f'r 


■Iiowjiiir  111, It  til,, 
•1111(1  fiiiifi  III  III- 

III  IliK'k,  li;iz> 

U|M.ii    It,    uv  we 

iif  llic    >tiai|  till' 

<  (11     till-    jlCCIlll.ll' 

lai'41'  s;ill  \v;iti| 
AMI   ;i,  \l'--.rl. 
i:l.s  lu.i  .iiiil  1^,. 


I<ii)k  roiiiiiii^  till 
llicr  liiMili.  Til,, 
lull',  rniiii  v\iiicii 
1  while,  Willi  III,. 
(p\i'  till-  li,i-.i'  .'III, I 
inlrl'    oC   l''li'>ii('l. 

Kiuii  from  .-;iiiisi'i 
il  <ii  — 


rvcv.  Is: 

ll"llll. 

Wl'-I. 

;;ii  T  K'H 

>  1,1  Jii 

1  Ml    till'  1 

I'l  Kill  111 

\v;i,><  ('stiilili^licil 
rt\   feci  liiL.!i.iiiil 

mil  rmlii  >.iiil^ 
mil  liiiiMii:  iliii'k 


i(iiiit.'<; 

iiiili'i 
iiiili'- 
iiiil.- 
mill"- 
null'-. 
Mnii'-^. 
inili"^ 
imli--^. 
iiiili'i 

ll:ll.'V 

.  ,111(1  n  lull'  llic) 
|ii('\iii;:.   hiiliiii 
IS  mill  l"ii  .1  ii'« 
tcnilis  I  ct. 
s  triinsi;  ."iil  tin' 


I'ACII'U;    COAST    I'lLOT. 


r)2d 


Till'  tiiiH-  and  lu'i},'lit  of  llic  tide  at  I'drt  An},'t'h'.s  arc  },'ivon  for  every  «lay  in  tin- .vear  in  tho 
'•lull'  TabU's  lor  the  Pacilli^  Coast  of  tlio  United  Slates,"  pnbli.slied  annually  by  the  U.  S.  Coast 
nil, I  (.cipdt'liir  Survey. 

Tin'  bay  was  lirst  discovered  by  (ialiano  and  Valdez,  and  by  tlieiii  made  known  toVaneouver 
111  K'.ij,  who  naiiied  it  the  I'lierto  df  los  An;ielos  on  liis  eliart.  We  tiist  lieard  of  the  name  l'"al.so 
lUiii'^iiiess  in  l.S,")!,',  when  at  Cape  Flattery,  IVojn  traders  who  did  not  know  the  jiiojier  name  of 
till'  IkuIioi'.  'I'lie  United  Slates  enstomdionse  for  tliis  district  was  removed  from  INnt  Town.sentl 
III  |s(lL'  and  located  on  the  sonth  side  of  this  harbor  in  the  mcnith  of  the  sharp  K'uHy,  nearly  two 
mills  smith  soutlnvfsl  from  the  point  of  Kdi/  Hook.  On  the  Kith  of  December,  bsd.i,  tlm  villaj^e 
Mini  I  iistoiii  house  were  <leHtroyed  by  a  lorrent  ol  water  liiirstin{{  through  the  fiiilly  behind  the 
ie\\;i.  .Ill  accniMulalion  of  fallen  timber  that  had  (biinmed  np  the  waters  liavinj;  sutblenly  given 
\\A\.  Tilt' iiislom  house  was  again  removed  to  I'ort  'I'owiisciid,  but  the'v  is  now  an  inspector  of 
iii-iiiiiis  lieic.  The  town  site  is  located  along  the  ■■ioiithern  shore,  including  the  bliilf,  for  a  little 
iiinir  iliaii  one  and  a  half  miles. 

I'liere  is  said  to  be  a  i)opiilati(Ui  of  lii'teeii  hiindreil  people  at  this  [ilace. 

I'l'c  largest  Indian  village  of  the  Clallaiiis*  was  nearly  one  and  a  half  miles  south  by  east 
li.ilf  i;ist  trom  the  Light-house.      There  were  lliree  of  the  Cl;ill;im  vil'ages  in  18.")'J. 

NKW    niNliKNKSS    HAV. 

I  he  shore  from  the  head  of  Port  Angeles  runs  in  a  slightly  curving  line  for  nine  miles  to  the 
i.isi  mil  Iheasl,  and  at  .seven  miles  from  ImMz  Hook  it  luns  lu'arly  straight  for  six  miles,  to  the  New 
|iiiiit;iiiess  Lighthouse. 

ilie  slightly  proiecting  jioint  in  the  deepest  part  of  this  bight  and  four  and  foiirliflhs  miles 
('list  lpy  .south  (K.  by  S.)  from  I'ldiz  Ilotdc  Light-iioiise  is  (ireeii  Toinl.  It  has  live  fathoms  of 
»,iifr  at  one  (piaiter  of  a  mile  «)ntsi(le.  To  the  east  of  il  there  is  no  kelp;  to  the  west  ward  for 
liiiir  miles  there  is  a  field  of  kelp  reaching  out  to  .seven  fathoms  of  water. 


{''oiirand  one-fourth   miles   northeast  from  Cieeii    roiiit  anollier  long,  low,  nari'( 


(1  s|)it. 


cDMicil  wilh  (U)arse  grass  ,iiid   veiy  similar  to  Mdi/.   Hook,  leaves  the  high,  clay   bliilf  shore  and 
sticlclics  ill   a  general   n(U'thiioitli('asl    direction    for   three  and  seven  eiglitiis  miles.     This  sjtit 


till  Ills  llie  11(1 


rth western  shore  of  the  roadstead  of  Ni 


1)11 


iigene.' 


T 


ic  so 


utheast  short'  is  distant  two  miles  south   liv  east    from  the  Light  house  and   inns  six 

lia\  broad  open  to  the  east- 


lo  the  east  sontheasi,  to  Washington  Harbor.     This  leaves 


lliillllr.lsl. 


'fill'  (li'plli  of  water  along  the  outside  of  the  sjiit  is  \cry  gicai     ,il  "iicthii(i  "I  a  mile  this 
ilcplli  is  tell  falhoiiis  over  hard  sand  and  gravel  bottom:  and   it  drops  oil'  very  siii|i|enl\  lo  ihirly 
l.illiiiiiis  within  half  a  mile.     Along  the  tniter  s(Uithern   paitof  the  spit  toward  ilie  bliilV  the  ten 
liiilidiii  ciii\e  stielehes  out  one  and  one  half  miles,  and  tin-  twenty-fathom  curve  run    ^ii  nearly  a 


-iiaii:lil  line  to  within  two  m 


of  Mdiz  Hook 


•  >(V  ihc  iiorlheaHtein  exlreiiiily  of  the  spil  a  h 


Ma\(l   reef  extends  over  tlirce-fonrths  of  a 


mil'  riniii  the  light  lo  the  iiorthnortheast ,  dropping  oil'  suddenly  from  live  and  ten  I'athoni  lo 
il;\  l;illioMis  of  water  w  ith  heavy  rips  at  thechangc  of  the  tides  and  ciiireiils,  as  the  three-fathom 
iii\c  cvlciids  out  three  filths  of  a  mile  from   the  light.     This  danger  is  marked  by  a  buo\ ,  as 


i  KMll 


er  (lescri 


bed. 


■flic  depth  of  the  bay  to  the  westward   is  much   interior  to  thai  at  Port  Aiigele.s,  beean.se  on 
iiisidc  of  the  main  spit  at  one  and  one  eighth   miles  from  the  extremity  a  second  spit    make,- 


ilii' 


lllCl|l\      S( 


lllh    l'( 


lie  toiirth   miles  and  reaches  lo  wi 


ilhii 


I  oiie'(|Uarlei'  of  a  mill'  o 


t  th 


'  '111 Ml  MiilV.  This  .second  spit  divides  tlie  bay  into  the  outer  or  eastern  harbor  proper  and  the 
iiiK  I  shoal  water  bay  or  esteio,  which  is  two  and  one  third  miles  long  northnortheast  and  south- 
^iiiuiiwest  by  se\ eneighllis  of  a  mile  wide.  It  i.s  occupied  by  marsh  and  extensive  tlats. 
liiii'ii;;h  ili(>  narrow  channel  connecting  the  two  the  water  pa.sses  as  over  a  rapid  at  low  tide. 

.\tiic;is|  of  thi,s  point  is  a  narrow  passage,  which  is  the  opening  of  the  Diingeness  Piver, 
iiiiilii  ,1  hliilf  sixty  f<el  high,  upon  which  was  a  huge  village  of  the  Clallams.  An  abundance  of 
111  -il  uaii  I  is  lo  be  had  at  this  stream,  but  boats  must  obtain  tiieir  supply  at  low  tide  and  come 


I  III   Uilii'n  nil 


■hi-  \„ 


unii'i 


ilK  K 


lull  iiiiMicdtislv.  Iiv  tlii.smiiiic 


ill  tl 


icnisrh  I'N 


i-tllMII  SI, 


till'  pIiiiII    rimii  llii'  ( iKi'lii 


lliiki 


iiiilii  SiKiiii  I'liiiil,  111  il 


I. ill-  (lum  Ncrilli  li.iy.      Till. II-  (■.llij;rllcrHlllr  tllr  T'snK  ami  .Sllgll-ll.sim  I 


;lll  111  till'  Vi 


till' Nii.'*-Uliil-,v.'(iii ;  Hicy  occiipy 
Clallaiii  Hay,  anil 
IT  siilc  iiCtlii'  Ntrall. 


n'  west   siiir  o 


ITL'H 


.;}! 


I 


1 


n-\i 


!  I 


(  nl 


■     I,  t  ,4 


'^.N  '■'! 


m    IS 


* 


'f! 


530 


rAcii'K'  iDAsr  I'li.oT. 


out  wlu'ii  tliotiilc  lias  risen  sullicii'iitlv.  Tliccasti  ni  slidicof  tlu'  T>iiii,i;<iiics.s  IJivcris  low,  swunipv 
atiil  foviTcd  will)  Irt'os  mal  lunsli.  Ir  loiins  llic  main  ov  sdiitln'rn  slioio  of  tlio  roadstead,  aiul  dif 
it  lie  tlie  extensive  iiniil  Hals,  wliicli  aii'  bate  at  low  water  tor  live  ei;;litiis  of  a  mile  to  ilii>  ii,,ii|, 
ward,  anil  eontinne  as  t'ai' to  tlie  east  MUitiieast  as  \Vas!iiii;,'ton  Harbor.  Tlie  area  (iC  lli.' i,iu,.r 
Iiarlior  is  restrii'ted  by  tlie  ilats  one  tliiiil  of  a  mile  in  width  lyinj;'  under  the  east  siili-  iifiii,. 
secondary  spit,  and  by  the  extensive  nind  Ilats  on  the  sonlherii  shore,  where  the  tliieef^iMii.n,  iji,,. 
is  one  hair  of  a  mile  froiu  the  low  shoie. 

I'leyond  these  Ilats  Mie  deiitli  of  the  water  thron;;htait    the  harbor  lan^jes  to  ten  faih s  wuli 

soft,  tenacious,  muddy   bottom.     Tlie  dce|H'sl    water  is  nnder   the  extieniitv  (tf  the  sjiii,  ,\  1,,  i,  ,| 

de]ith  of  twenty  fatlioms  is  fonml  one  tliiid  ot'  a  mile  liom  tie'  la.i;lil  house;  but  the  lic.--i  ,;i , 

age  is  close  under  tin'  spit  in  ten  fathoms  of  walei  one  third  '-la  mile  from  the  beach  to  i :,  i ,  ; , 
west,  with  the  Lij^ht  house  beariii,^'  noith  liy  <  ast  one  h  iif  ea,>-l,  distant  one  half  of  ,i  il',  \ 
steamer  may  anchor  closer  in  to  the  iioriliwest  of  this  location,  with  the  Lifiht-liou.  1.i;ii;i|m 
northwest  by  north,  distant  llii'ce  I'oniths  of  a  mile;  i'iichoia.i.'e  is  had  in  t.  ii  fatliom^  ■  '  1 1  v,i . 
sticl%y  bottom:  the  nearest  shore  to  the  sonthwar<l  is  one  iind  one-foiiitli  miles,  and  IIm  uiin,-! 
mud  llat  in  that  direction  is  distant  three  Inurlhs  of  a  milr. 

A  sontheasi  w  ind  draw  iiij;  ont  of  the  strait  blous  directly  into  this  hi'rbor,  but  llie  IkiIIoiii 
will  hold  any  vessel  with  j^ond  ;^ioniid  Ir.ckle.  The  only  dillienlty  is  to  j^ct  the  anchors  mii  ul  tin' 
mud  after  ridin;j'  out  a  uale  t'lir  t  wo  or  iIik  <■  da\  >.  in  I  lie  las',  ]iosii  ion  mentioncil  lor  anciini.i;, 
;i\essclcan  icadily  j;et  uiidir  wa\  w  hen  i  he  southeast  wimi  comes  up,  and  clear  th.  |"iiiii  ,:.,; 
the  danger  olV  it. 

This  piiint  is  so  low  that  vessels  bornd  in  or  out  of  tlie  liarbor,  before  the  erect nii  nj  : 
l,ij;ht  house.  Were  upon  it  bcloiethcx  weie  aw  arc' ot  theii- daiij^i'r.  Sevenilhad  run  ashmc  niMbi 
outside  beach;  and  in  1S.")."»,  while  we  wcie  anchored  close  nnder  tiie  point,  with  the  weallicr  tlnd 
and  lia/y.  a  \essel  fiom  Admiralty  Inlet  liail  In  en  set  out  of  her  cours*^  by  tlieenrreiits,  .md  niii, 
drivin;,'  in  with  stnddiu},^  sails  set.  and  only  saw  her  niisl:iKe  and  dan;,'er  when  the  blai  ^  hnj'n! 
our  \cs.-.cl  attiactcd  her  attention. 

In  1  >eccmlicr,  1  ST  1,  the  spit  w  as  cut  thioiiuli  by  the  sea  dm  ing'  a  heavy  north  west  ualr.  \u:w\\ 
made  a  breach  lift>  yards  in  width. 

■nil',  i.iiiiir  iimsr  a  r  nkw  DiNiiKNr.ss. 


The  Hfrue.ure  is  about  one  sixth  of  a  miii'  from  the  eastern  end  of  tin*  jioiiit,*  iiiid 


l■|'ll^ 


a  keeper's  dwelling,'  of  stone  of  a  ;;i:i,\ish  .\ellow  color,  with  a  tower  of  brick  I'ijjhty  iiiin    i«'i  i  i.ii 
ami  lisiuf;  about  sixty  ^l\^^  feel  therefrom.      It  i.s  the  trustum  of  a  »oue,  ot'  which  the  iip,"  t  i  .:i  ^ 
painletl  black  and  the  lower  half  wliitc.      Ilut    when  si  en   I'rom  the  northward  at  souk    l  m  ■  : 
dark  "rav  dwelliiiL'  makes  tin'  I 


(iw  cr  ai  pear  to  lia\  e  a  lowi  i  < 


aik  band.     The  tow 


cr  .s  sui  '• '  MI.; 


by  an  iron  lantem,  jiainted  le.l  ;  the  hci;;lil  of  the  focal   |  lane  is  one  hundred  feet   al 


of  the  se;i. 


The  li;:lit    was  Hist  cxliibiltd    Oiicmbcr  11,  Is.' 


iinl  shows  c\ci  v  n 


i;;lit,  fiom  siiii 


rise,  a  Ji.Kil  iiliili    lliilil  oi    the  third  cider  ol    I'lisiicI,  iniiniiiial  iii.i;  tiie  entire  hoi  i/oii. 
be  seen  Inun  a  lu'i;;hl  of  — 


l;  -I'A'iM 


III  lilt  at  II  ili.sl;. 


I.f  l.'.l 


•Jll  iVit  al  a  ■li.staiii  1'  nt'  li'.li  nules. 
:t|l  fcrt  III   .1  ilislalMi'  iif   IT."  Illilrs. 


Its  j;eo;.'iapIiical  position,  as  tletcrmiucd  by  the  ('oast  and  (Icodctie  Survey,  is 


l.atiliiili'... 
I.i>ii;(IImiIi'  . 
Or,  ill  liiiii' 


1-     m 


Til. 


VS.'.    eii   :il     wi-i 


The  ma;,'netic  vaiiation  tbr  .laiiiiaiy.  lS.S."i,  was  L'L'     Id'  east  :   there  was  no  Nearly  v 
the  maxiiiinm  vaiiatimi  had  been  leachcd. 


II'.   l! 


*  (Ml  llii-  'Jll  of  l>ii-.  iiili.r,  1-71,  tlino  w  aw  a   \iiili  i.l  ^;all•  nf  wiinl  rrem  I  In'  imrlliwi  si,  <lnlill^r  «tiii  li 
II  linarli  ai  ii.Nx  thr  spil  m  ail\   liflv   \,iiils  in  wiillli,  ciiltini;  nil  i  iMiiiiiiiiiiialiiiii  .ilnii-  ilii'  h|>II  iMnn  ll 


III!'   I.i^lit  Im 


■|.l  al    liiH    water  anil    willian tlisra.      riiin  riil    w  a!<  liiiipoia 


IV.     '11 


ll- 


IiiiimIii'iI  IVrt  into  lln'  hpit  iidiilirasl  iif  tin-   l.ii^lil  Ihiiim'  ami   miImi  >il  Ilic  ilislaiio 


.1'  the   l.inlit-Iiciii'- 


l^y  tliat  .•oiiniiiit.     At  tiiiii  s  ilni  in;;  tint  ;;,ili'  i  IhimIm  ipf  sind  ao'tc  and  i  iiiii|drtid,\  <  iiM'1(i| 


l,<IHll  llic.  |.   |.<'f  Dm 


vcris  low,  -wuiiipy, 
^  niailsliM.l,  :iiii|„ii 
a  iniK'  to  iKr  lu.uii 
o  ai't'ii  of  ilif  iiiii,.|' 
lie  I'lisl  s'uli'  iif  III,. 
II'  llirci'  r^itliiiiii  |ji||. 

(>   It'll    lalllHilK    «;|i| 

f  till'  spit,  wWw  a 
lilt  llic  lii'sl  iiiiiliiir 

licacli  til  IIm'  Imiil] 
'  liair  til'  a  iii;li.  A 
I.if,'lit-li(iii>i'  lirarni: 

t'atlniiii>  ii\('i'  Mil', 
li's,  aiitl  till  iii'avi'.' 

)(ir,  lull  iIh'  I'liiieiii 
('  aiiclidi  ^  mil  i>i  III. 

iilicd    liT   aili'lliH';!;. 

dear  ll:.    i»iiiii ,.;.,; 

1'  till'  (M'i'c(ii)ii  111  ;!'. 
1(1  run  ahliiiii'  mi  tl:' 
til  llic  \M'alln-i  !li!i\ 
I'  (•iii'ri'iil<.  ami  r,Miii 
I'll  tilt'  lilarK  liiillu! 

ortlnvc'sl  uair,  «liiri. 


lint,'  mill  fiiii>M>oi' 
i;;tily  iiiiM-  til  I  l.i;li 
it'll  till'  ii|'|i'  I  li.ill  i< 
ll  at  .SDliii'  |iiilr>  ;iii' 
loWfl'  1>  MIlMiiillllril 
feci   aliiiM'  Iliili'^'l 

,  iVoiii  sini>i  I  t"  -!:■ 
'  litill/.nli.     ll  •'-li"'i''i 


■y,  IS  : 
Ti.'i  '  iiiiilli 

:il     \M-i 
)  ^(.a^l\   v  ai  mIH'M-i- 


nil;;  wliii  ll  ' ' 
,il  rimii  III'   ' 
111-  sra  mImi  I  111   ">''!■"'' 
;iil  lii.ii-.   ;r""'  l!"  "•i''^ 
1„.  |.  ,,  el'  llirt"«''l- 


PACII'lf!   COAST   I>II,<)T.  581 

Troiii  tlio  Liglitliousc  we,  have  the  following  bearinj^s  and  distaiiccs  to  important  points: 

r.iliz  IIiHik  laKlil-liDiittt' S.  r):!'\V.  l-J    niiluH. 

CrcHii'iit  r.iiy  liril  Hiiiiy,  oil' 111'.'  Kti'jk S.  til  W.  •JI|iiiI!oh. 

rillai    I'tiiiit S.  (IS  W.  10    luilijs. 

N.  \V.  I'tiint  of  Wiiiiililiih  IhIiuhI S.  7T  \V.  (It    milim. 

ICair  Islaiiil  l.iKlil-lioiiHi' S.  "7  W.  I"!  iiiilt'H. 

Ksi|iiiiiiii!t  l,ij;lil-li(i'i*'i' \.  CiT  \V.  'J(l    iiilluH. 

VirloilH   l.inlil-lioiint' N.  (I:!  W.  1-iiiiili'M. 

DiMovcn  Islaiitl  l.iv;iit-lious(' N.  tl!  W.  l.'>f  niiliH. 

Siiiilli'H  Island   l.iKlil-lioiisii N.  ','7  K.  l;U  mill's. 

Hi'il  lliioy  oil  I'oiiit  rai'lt'i(l;;i> N.  Til  K.  l!)    iiiiliH. 

Ailniiially  llcail  i^i;;.  t-Iioiim' N.  7(1  '  K.  17^  mill's. 

I'liiiit  Wilson  I, i;;lit-liimsi' N.  71  K.  ll|mili'.s. 

lUai-k  liiioy  on   rartriilj;o  liaiiU N.  41  K.  I'J    iiiik's. 

Diiiiiii;  tlic  sni'vcy.s  of  this  part  of  tin-  .strait  tlif  Li};litIious»' at  New  IJungoncss  frtM|nently 
I'xliiliiii'il  tile  cxliatinlinary  I'fl'oct.s  of  iiiinsual  ri'fiaclioii  tliiiiiiK  the  pciiotls  of  i-alin  and  warm 
wrailiii  uliifli  pifNail  in  tlu'.snninu'r  ant!  pait  of  tlu'  fall.  At  tiiiu's  tin-  Liylit  liouso  tower  wonltl 
III  I  iiM  ll  lip  live  tinie.s  it.s  n.snal  lieij^nt  and  then  suddenly  eiiange  to  a  low  blaek  liuu  uloso  to  tbo 

;;|'01ll|l' 

STKAM    FOdSlONAL    AT    NKW    nilNGENKSS. 

Aliimt  one  liuiidretl  and  titty  yartl.s  totlie  northea.stward  of  the  Lifihthou.se,  and  very  near  the 
i\iiriiii-  iioilliea.stern  point  i.s  the  .small  buililiii};  eontaiiiin;;  the  .steam  foj;\\lii.stIe.  'I'lie  .soiindiiifj 
a|i|i.ii  iiiis  is  a  twi'lvi'iiu'h  stram  irhisllf,  wliieli  is  s<nni<l<d  tnrif  minute  diiriiiji  thick,  fogijy,  and 
siiiiik>  ucatlier,  villi  the  followinj;  ('lia.acteristics:  hlaxt  xu'  xixvndu,  iiiterrdl  ticclre  Hccondu,  blu>sf 
iln-ii  s)i(iiiils.  iiilrriid  fhirtynini'  .scvoniin. 

Till'  suivcyiiiij  brig  Fiiiinthniji  report.s  that  when  at  anchor  in  !'ort  Townscnd  the  fog- 
wIiimIi'  of  New  DiiUgene.s.s  ha.s  freijiiently  been  heard.     This  fog-sional  was  establishctl  Febiuary 

1.  i>;i. 

rill'  bearings  ami  di.stanee.s  to  important  points  may  be  taken  as  the  same  as  tho.se  for  the 
I. i.L;lil  litiil.se. 

I'lMiiicily  the  fog-signal  was  given  by  tlie  striking  of  a  great  bell. 

BUOY   OFF   THE   POINT   OF   NKW  DtNGENESS. 

.\  Jiist-rldss  nunhuoy  ptiiiitril  rvil  mul  niimhen-il  '2  has  been  (ilaced  in  twenty-seven  feet  of 
walci  ill  haitl.  sandy  bottom  to  mark  the  cntl  of  the  long  gravel  reef  which  extends  fully  three- 
I'tiiiillis  Hi' a  mile  froiii  the  liighl  house  toward  the  northnnrtheast. 

fill'  ict't  tiiilside  of  it  di'ops  olV  rapidly,  but  to  the  vvestnorlhwest  and  e.ist-southcast  it  diops 
oil  Miy  siidtbnly  1o  twenty  ami  thirteen  fathoms  of  water.  Half-way  between  this  buoy  and  the 
l.i;;lii  litiiisi-  the  reef  has  a  spot  with  only  .sixteen  feet  of  water  upon  it. 

Till'  buoy  must  be  left  to  starboard  by  vessels  entering  the  New  JJuiigeness  roadi^tead  or 
lioiiiiil  up  the  strait. 

I 'mm  this  buoy  the — 

l,ij;!itlioiisi' on  tli(>  Point  lit'ars S.  1>y  W.  }  W.  t  iiiilo. 

rniiit  Wilson  Liu'it-lioiiso N.  7ii '  K.  II    miles, 

Kili/,   Hook  l.inlit-lioiiso S.    ."ll     W.  l-.'l  link's. 

Ill  I  lit'  earlier  placing  of  the  buoy  it  has  slipped  oil'  the  edge  of  the  reef  into  deep  water;  its 

I'l'^i! is  carefully  watched  ami  changed  when  any  change  is  found  in  the  reef,  which  is suppo.sed 

III  ill   NiaUing  out. 

/"''■I'.— The  a|)pi(i\imate  Corrected  Kstablislimciit,  or  mean  interval  between  the  Moon's 
liiiiisit  anil  the  time  of  high  water,  is  .W'.  07'".  and  the  mean  ri.se  and  fall  of  the  tide  four  and 
luii  ifiilhs  tecl. 

Tuoliiain  the  I'aeilic  standard  time  and  height  of  any  tide  in  the  .veiir  take  the  time  and 
liiii;lii  for  the  rctpiiretl  date  at  i'oii  Towiiscnd  from  the  Coast  Survey  Title  Table  of  the  I'aeilic 
'  o.i^t  and  subtract  oiu'  hour  and  ten  niinntes  fio'     the  tabular  time  of  high  water  ami  subtract  one 

anil  live  Iciiihs  feet  from  the  ht'iglil ;  for  111"  tin f  low  water  subtract  one  hour  and  six  minutes 

bum  the  tabuhir  time  of  low  water  ami  for  ;':■.' height  subtract  buir-tcnths  ol  a  loot.     To  obtain 


m 


>:  I 


i  1 


fu\2 


I'ACII'IC    roAM    ril.OT. 


^m 


'    =    r  ■  it '  Jfc 


I:      ■     ■;( 


'I  J. 

ill 


M 


i 


tlu'liH'iil  times  oMiifili  uiid  low  wntv-r,  siihtriict   I'roiii  tlic  I'orl  TowuhoikI  tiinos  one  Ikhu  jn,,; 
twi'iil.v  two  iiiiimti-s  ami  out'  lioiir  iiiid  ('iy;litt'fii  rniiiiitoH  ri'spi'ctivt'Iy. 

This  liarlmr  was  discovon-il  b.v  Qiiiiniicr  in  IT'.tO  aiitt  iiaincd  «•!  I'liicfo  dc  (,>inin|Mi.  || 
lilacftl  i(  in  lalitmlc  IS  ^  \\'.  Tin' lonj;- pniU'clin;,' sanil  spit  was  calli'd  I'ojnt  Saiit.i  ('in.',  mni, 
wliicli  In-  anclmnd.  llr  sa.vs  tln'.v  fiiiind  a  slicltfivd  harltur  nndiT  llif  point,  lint  it  liad  \.'n  Ijn!. 
water  in  il,antl  .dtli'  water  in  tlie  entranee  to  it,  so  that  it  was  snitalde  for  small  \rsMls  c,|,v 
lie  took  possession  of  the  eonntiy  .Inl.v  I,  17!ll>.  Il  was  tirst  examined  and  niadi>  kiioui,  li\  \\, 
I'ouver.     The  present  name  was  j^iven  to  it  l>v  liim  in  IT'.t'J. 

There  are  numerous  settlers  alioni  ihi'ltayand  in  tlHM'onntiy  behiml  it,  where  tliciv  .n,.  |,, 
openings  of  prairie;  and  the  \  illajje  ol"  New  I»nny[eness  lies  liehind  IheblulVat  Ilif  xmiliwr,;, : 
end  of  the  inne!'  harlior,  an  esti-ro.  Into  this  harltoi-  the  small  eralt  trailing  alon^j;  llie  .-iim  ,i 
sound  enter  and  eariy  away  piodnec   nun  the  settlement. 

I'^astward  of  New    l>un;;eness  to  j!  '  entranee  of  Admiralty  lidet,  fourteen  iiiihs,  linn  is 
deeji  reces>ion  of  the  ^;eneial  shore  liiu'  for  li\e  miles  to  the  southeastward,  with  ii|iciiiiii;>  n 
N^asliin.u'Ion  Harbor  ami   Port    IHseovrry.     In  this  reeession  there  is  a  larfje  island  ni)   iIh'  nmii: 
of  I'oil  IMseoMTV.     t  >n  the  linelietween  Point  of  New  Dnnticness  and   Point  \\'il>oii  (luiiisi; 
noitliern  limit  of  the  Dallas  liaidi,  wliiili  strelehes  north  northeast  from  Protection  l>l,iii<l. 

WASlIlN(iT(1N    I1AUI1()1{. 

I'idni   New  Dnuyeuess  roadstead  to  the  entraiM'e   of  this  harluir   the  immediali'  ^ImhtIi;:, 

is  nearly    slrai^dit   for  ti\e  and  one-half  mili's  on  a  general  «'onrse  southeast  \>\,  va^I  ImIiim. 

(81'^  l>\   I'.,  S  M.j  \N  ith  a  sli;;hlly  iirojeetin;;  an^h;  midway,  called   Kulo  Ivala    Point,    'flic  .-.hni,:  . 
low  and  tl. It,  covered  with  trees,  an<l  Itordered  l»y  an  extensive  nmd  Hat  averaj;inn  mMil\  mi.  n.  , 
wide:  Imt   tichind   it    at  a  very  shoit   distance  there   arises  an  appariMitly   lexcl  plaleaii  Im-.im'. 
wiiodcd   and  dciisel\    tilled   wilh   nnderlirnsli.     The  entrance  to  the  hailior  is  iicaiis  clii>cil  In  , 
low  sani)  spil  siiricliiii;^  across  from  the  4'asi  almost  to  the  western  side,  where  a  ii.iiniw  rli.iiini 
way  ot   perhaps  two  liuiidied   sards  lucadlh  exists,  haviiij,'  a  depth  of  two  falhoiii>  lliiiiii;;li   , 
This  spit    is  ciivered  sparsel>    l)\    si  retches  of  <'oaise  jrrass  and  can  not  lie  seen  from  New  |)iiii_r 
iie.ss  Point  on  accuiiiit  of  the  onl  ward  enr\  in;; of  the  intermediate  shore,  lint   the  hliilf  i>  mim  . 
the  iiorlheasl  pail  ol  ihe  h.iilior,  whence  the  sand    spit  starts.     Alueast  the  w('>l  end  nl  iIu'mi  , 
sjiil  Ihe  opposite  shore  is  formed  liy   the  poiiil   of  a    bliiH',  to  the  nort  liwcstw  aid  ol'wiiicli  i>  ,i  J. 
>andy  point,  liom  which  slrelehe.s  out   a  sinial   which  masks  the  (■hannel  in  approaclni!.;  iImi 
trance.     The  points  of  Itliilf  at  the  month  of  ihe  liailior  are  a  mile  apart  ;  the  ;;eneral  <l  :<vi  .  i 
tlu^spit  lietwcen  them  issonihwest  and  northeast.     The  lilnlVat  (he  northeast  is  nanii'l  I';-, 
on  th"  laie.><t  chart.     That  at  the  southwest  is  named  S'lpiim. 

Inside  the  harbor  the  },'eneral  depth  of  the  water  is  ten  to  Iwcniy  fathoms,  osci  , ;ilil\  !■ 

oni.  and  six  fathoms  of  water  can  be  carried  nearly  lo  llie  head.     The  breadth  of  the  li.iilun  i- 
illle  over  one  mile,  and  its  <;eiieral  direction  sonlheasl  for  three  and  a  half  miles.      The  sliim-i: 

111*  li-irliiit    rive  iviiiiillv     :iiiil  :iii.  Iit'itvilv   eiiv'i>ri>il  witli   tiie  Oreiiitii   oitie.       At    Ihe  hcail  nl  tin'  li.i:'<! 


the  harbor  rise  rapidix ,  and  aie  hca\  ily  covered  with  the  <  »rc;;oii  pine.     At  the  hcail  nl  I 
Ihe  wooded  mn;,iii.iiiis  rise  to  twii  thousand  one  hiindreil  and  two  thousand  six  huinlinl  li 


rl  «;!;, 


two  or  tliie( 


mill 


To  enter  this  liai  bora  vessel  must  approach  Pitship  lilnlf  and  then  keep  close  nndei  iln  ;ii.;'i 
«est  side  ol  Ihe  eiiliaiice  spit  and  round  it  closely,  liecaiise  a  shoal  makes  from  the  \v  r>i.  iii  ln« 
>pit  icross  the  iiariciw  eiiirance  ,iiid  overlaps  it.  In  the  approaches  oiilside  of  this  sin. lil -li" 
depth  of  tell  f.ilhiillis  i 
twcnlv  talhoms  over 


if  water  is  found  alioiil  three  t'oin  I  lis  of  a  iiiile  Iroin  either  slioie,  imiiaMi;;; ! 


St  I  If 


bolti 


im  al  one 


mile.      Inside   the  elil laiice  a  loll^' slmil  iii.ii,r> 


out  to  the  soiilhcast  fiitiii  the  cud  of  Ihe  spil,  thus  conliniii;;  the  channel  niiiler  Ihe  wc-l'  in 


(For  National  •i>iiaianline  i;e;,'nlalions  ancciiuy;  this  port,  .see  notice 


nil 


del'  ISaii   l'i.iii(i-i' 


JIT.) 


Tills  liarlmr  was  not  .seen  bv  \"aneouvei 


mil  was  not  mentioned  to  him  by  the  Sp 


will'  il  i'r\M 


jratois  (laliaiioand  Vahlez,  althon;,'h   they  ^Mve  him  the  position  tif  Ptirt  An^'eles 

not  .seen.      Ilwas   liist  .sounded   by  the  I'niled   Slates    Fxplorinj;'   Hxped'tion   in    l.sll.an 


bildd  Inlet,  but  a.s  the  head  of  Pii^'et  kSound  lias  the  same  name  wi 


have  adopted  Kelhll  s  a].] 


liition  of  WashiuKtoii  Harbor.  The  Indian  name  ol  liie  harbor  is  S"tpiim,  b,\  wlmli  ii  «:i--i;'ii 
erally  known  to  the  seillcis  after  l.s.'tO.  The  old  edition  of  Ihe  chart  calls  the  loii;;  spit  l\  q"' 
I'uinl.     On  the  last  edition  the  west  iioini  is  named  >S'iiuini. 


los  one   Ikiiu 


aiiii 


<lf    (.>Ulln|i(.|.     1|„ 

Santa  Ciii,',  nuil,., 
t  il  liail  \-r\  lull, 
mall  vc>>i'|s  iiii|\. 

Ic  kllOU  1;   ll\    \' , 

I'l'l"   tllflV   ,il,.   1 , 

I  lllC    SdlllllWl   -1,  l; 

111;;-  llic  >li:iil  ,|||,| 

II  miles,  Ihrri'  is  ;i 
kitli   oiiciiiii^'s  iiiiii 

and  iilV  till'  iiiiiiiiii 
A'ilMHi  I  lii'it'  is  th, 
tiiiii  isl.iiiil. 


iiHMliatc  ^Innvliii, 
cast  iim  li.ijl Cihi 
lint.  'I'll!'  .sjiiiic  i> 
11;;  Ileal  \\  niic  iiiHi' 
I'el  plateau  lieavil) 
nearly  eln^eil  In  ,i 
a  iiariiiiV  eh, nun i- 
'aili(iiii>  llii<Mi;:li  li. 

I   IVdlll   New   |t|||i:i' 

111'     bllltl'    l>    MTII   ,ll 

■si  011(1  uf  the  sillhi 
(l  ol'wlileli  IS  ,1  in? 

ppi'iiacliin'.:  the  cii 

JClleial  (I  leelii  ii.ri 

is  iiaiiieil  I'  -,. 


over  a  irii^hh  I"! 
I  of  the  ' :.i!:i'  ,  -  • 

les.        Till     slHHVMll 

head  111  I  lie  hailior 
lllimliril  leel  «;li.ll: 

iHC  uiiilei  ilie  riii:!!i 

im  till'  \^.■^telll  lii« 
f  tliisMi;..'!  ..hu.,!i 
NJloie,  He  ■  -  . 
a  lull;,'  >h'Ml  iii.u.« 
!■  (lie  \ve,-!e|li  simli'. 
I-   (Sail    1  MlielMM,  I*. 

y  tlieSi'i         . 
"cii'S,  wiiieh  iH'iiil't 
in     IStl.  ;ili.lc:llM 

itcil  Kelli;i>;i|'H 
^  whieh  II  ";i.-  S* 
he.  Ion;;  >\"^  K^'iK 


:| 


i5jSdS2irj^'^S3*fi*s 


I'otDl  %V,l«ou  Ligbt-boQoe,  E.  by  5  .  l!  iLirt*. 


Hrotoin It'll  iHlaiid, 
8E.  by  E.  )  K.l.liniili' 


a  ■»;>£.—■-.■."  1*,  -! 


(.'ape  George.         Port  Discovpry 


rrotciliiin  iHlin.ii.  SK.  by  8. 


Ailiiiiralty  IIi'hiI  l.i|;bt-h()Uii«. 


^^^^^f^v-rV-^^t^l^^iPf^^^ "'  .   . 


.^M^^riii— »—    I  III!      I      I      ■        in     M^jMMja 


Hroto.ii'Mi  iHlaiid,        Tort  UiHcovpry.  Clallam  Point. 
8K.  l>.\  K.  )  1.,  1,4  niilm. 


Mount  C'liatliuni,  V.I  10  fm-t 


/-^^H^*^^!^^^^'^*^.f^ 


r  ^'^^;4^'*»«M'5i^^t>?»'«rf^^^ 


rrutfiliiiii  iHliniii.  SK.  liy  S.ilmiliw. 


Muuiit  Clialliani,  U.UU  f>-et. 


',»■>.,••»», 


^^^^^^fMMg^isft^ 


Aftf* 


iKbt-houae. 


I'Diiit  WiUoii  l.it^lil   iKiUM'.  K.h\  S.,  i:!  iiiili'H 


■■P'IH-,.1.. 


*■■ .  ■.,J-*~. . 


ii.ir' 


»-.     ^rr 


:x&'2j!sti: 


roint  WiUiii  I.iKht-luiiiHP,  E.  by  S  .  18  i 


Moniii  Cliadiiiiii,  V. Ill)  Ir 


'-'»-':*  Vi 


■v-v   rt 


'VfV  y- 


■r>T-^ 


'Vf-TT'^^-r- 


Vt>.-1L-^;--^- 


V-M'tKN'.. 


^!i= 


9t. 


nr 

,•« 

H   :  .lit:       -       1 '   i 

* 

'^Z^^:^^--*i^'':^«iS!:::^:*!;r>''n>, 


^fis0^mssat»^ 


.um^j^^k 


^1: 

[ 

jt  ;. 

1»   •, 

'ikn  1 

f'! 

1      ^i 

i  ^ 

i 

f  i' 

iiiilen 


I'Afii'ic  cdAsr  I'iMir. 


niiri'KCIHiN    ISI.ANIi. 


533 


lliis  isliiiiil  is  out'  iiiul  Iwii  tliiiils  (il  II  mill-  |(iii;,r  ;i,|,|  alMiiil   I  wo  iliiids  ol'  a  mile  witl 


Hit'  IHTONS 


the  hill 


lillr.  Us  p'lUMiil  (llrfditMi  IS  iiuitlicii.si  anil  siiiilliwol,  mill  il  lies  diic  ami  luolhiids  milcN 
iiii.ly  olVtiio  ciilraiicf  to  I'oit  I  Hscovcn.  Tll4'|■(^  Is  ii  lori;,',  liiw  |>(ijiit  at  raili  iml  ol' tiii^  islaiiil; 
ii   ii  till'  wt'sl  is  rockv  ami  Haiiil,\,  that  al  tlir  cast  all  saml.     The  1 


rill  r\t 


ii;;lifst  part  is  lu'ar  the  west 
iciiiit.v.  and  rcaclii's  an  rlcvatidii  tif  two  liiimlird  ami  tit'tci'ii  tW\,  liiil  llir  lir  tiers  wliicli 


,,,\,i  this  cml  III' till' isiaiiil  iimKi'  it  inok  iiiiii'li  liii,'lici.  Tlie  siilcs  aiv  MTV  siccji,  ami  rise  from 
,,iii,  i\  In  (Hit' liiiiiilii'il  anil  I liirty  I'cct  lii;;li.  Tlir  scawaid  nest  of  ilic  castcru  part  is  citvcifil  vvilli 
iii,iiiii«  iViii;;!' of  stiintrd  pines;  llic  t'astcrn  sliipc  is  kIci|i  ami  ;;iass\,  ami  that  Inwards  Port 
jioiMncrv  is  iimliilalinu  and  cnvcrcd  wiili  Irrii.  Tlir  |iriiiri|ial  part  nf  tlic  castiTii  liall'  ul  tlic, 
i.|  ,;iii  IS  .•iilti\at('d. 

\l:.|ua>  np  tilt'  fact'  nl'  tlic  clilV  tnwaid  llic  miMliwisI  and  near  tin'  a!i,i:lr  ol'  tlic  nintlicin 
sliiiic  iiicic  IS  a  lioii/niital  slicak  uT  ;;iM\  }.'l.iii.il  cias  aliiiosl  lliicc  feci  lirnail.  wliicli  is  a  local 
ic.iliiic  easily  i'ci'(>;;iii/.id. 

Till' soiitiiwest  c\trciiiit>  uf  the  island  lies  sevon  and  mic  hall'  miles  west,  one-halt'  soiitli  (W. 

'  S.I  liom  I  lie  New  Dnnf^eiiess  laulit  III. use.  and  the  noitliern st  part  id'  the  island  is  seven    miles 

Miiilli  lil'ty  cii:lit  dc'jiccs  west  iS.  ."iS     W.I  iVoiii  rmni  W'il.Min  Ia;;lit  house. 

Tlie  sniitliwcsl  point  of  the  island  is|\M(  miles  mulli  scvcnlytivc  dejirccs  west  (N.  T.'t  W.) 
Iniiii  I'lallam    I'aint  at  the  west   siih'  of  the  cntianee  to   I'oil   Diseovciy,  anil  the  northeast  point 

i> •  ami  lliice  lil'ths   miles   norlli  si\t,\   devices  west  (N.Cd     W.)  from  roini   (!ei)r;;c  at   the  east 

-i,|e  ef  ihe  cntianee. 

On  the  inside  ol  I'loleeiioii  Island  tlieie  Is  a  ^rood  limad  |iassa;.;c  round  cither  end.  In  tlic 
I  I -.i,  III  passa.iic  the  u  III  ill  of  t  he  eh.inncl  liel  ween  I  he  ii\  e  fa  I  hum  lines  is  one  and  one  fourth  miles. 
\Mih  u'li'd  water  close  under  Cape  <icoi;,'e  and  \  cr.\  deep  water  oil  ihc  point  of  I 'rot  eel  ion  Island. 
■fill  1 1'  is  a  depth  of  lllty  three  fat  lioiiis  in  the  channel.  The  w  idlh  of  I  he  western  passage  bet  ween 
iiii-  iii.iek  I \  oil'  I  he  west  pnjni  of  I 'rot  eel  loll  I  si, mil  ami  the  nearest  Id  lit!'  In  the  son  thsonth  west 


ill!'  mile  ami  .1  i|nai 


ler    west    of  Cl.ill.im     I' 


Hill.  i'<  one  am 


I   oiicei-hlh   miles.     The  e|('atcs|  deplli 


.1    Ihe  I 


haiiiiel   is  siNl  \  live  fathom 


N'essels  I  ion  ml  into  I 'oil  Diseov  cry  from  the  si  rail  with  a  soiillicily  w  iml  enter  l>y  the  weslcfii 
|l.l<^lue.  heeaiisc  the  soiitherly  wind  draws  out  of  Washington  Sound  and  ;:ivcs  a  fair  workinj; 
l>ii'i'/e  III  reach  Point  <  'lallaiii. 

(Ill  ihe  inside  shore  of  the  island  there  is  nioderalcly  deep  w.iier  close  niiilcr  the  hanks,  and 
iiiilniiau'e  may  he  had  in  ten  f.ilhoms  ahoiil  three  hnmlrcd  \  aids  uj)  the  shore.  riicre  is  no  kelp 
ill  tills  shore  c\eept  in  the  middle  of  sii  111  iner.  w  hell  I  here  is  a  little  near  the  Inioy.  Noi  ihnoilh- 
isi  nf  the  Isl.ind  an  c\leiisl\  e  shoal  makes  out  to  the  north  noilhwcsi.  know  n  as  the  Pallas  Haiih.* 
iiiieelly  olf  the  shore  the  three  fa  I  lion  i  iiiic  extends  I'nlly  half  a  mile  out.  and  the  outer  line  of  the 
I  rl|i  marks  the  four  fathom  line.  The  limit  of  ilic  ten  fathoin  line  id'  this  hank  is  two  and  one- 
,i:ill miles  to  the  north  tiortliwcst  or  one  half  mile  outside  the  line  lictweeii  New  Dnn^iencss 
l..;lil  lionse  and  Point  Wilson  I,i;;lil  house ;  the  lireadtli  is  aliiint one  and  a  half  miles.  This 
:■  II  l.illioiii  line  runs  sharply  to    the  e.ist   point,  but    it  sw  iii^s  ilnee  I'oiirlhs  of  a  mile  <itV  the  west 


il  ;iiid  half  a  inlleoilt  to  the  soii'liwest  hv  west  and  heMinil  the  hlack  bii 


This  hank  alVords 


imiior.i^e  \\  hen  a  vessel  is  hal'llel  with  lluht  airs  and  stun:','  ad\  ersc  cnrrcnts.  The  liottom  is 
'  Il  :;iil.ir,  lull  of  liii^c  liowldcrs   lov.an!    the  Islami,  .md  sale!  a-xl  ;:ra\el  toward  Mk' strait.     The 

i  iiiiiiii  lallsoll'smldciily  on  the  east  sideof  the  hank  tothirtyand  I'arlN   fatheais;  and  on  the  west 

-  lie  111  I weiity  and   thirty   fathonis. 

I'lie  l.ilesi  chart  docs  not  ;;i\c  a  shoal  spot  of  three  and   fiair  !':'.ilioi>;s  near  the  outer  limit  af 
111-  liaiik.  l.iid  down  by  Kellilt.      It  Is  almost   exactly  on  the  line  hetw  'cn  New   "  !ii!!;;eiiess  lajr'nf- 

. Hill -e  , mil  roiiit  Wilson  l,i;.lil  house,  aii.l  --ix  and  I  wo  thirds  miles  Iroi  i  the  foiiiuT  ami  sc-  a  and 
•*ii||jiids  miles  from  the  I. 'Iter.  This  |il:iees  it  on  the  northwest  cd;;e  of  iiie  l>ailk.  si.  that 
here  iiia>  he  sonic  slight  error  in   the  position.     The  Siir\-ey   hr:^  /■'(((';(//(»■)// freinieiilly  pa.s.sed 

'^I'i  lliis  locality  in  search  of  this  shoal  spot. 

I!n)\    (UK    I'l.'nTKrTlON    ISI.AN'n. 

\  lirst  rla.ss  can  haul/  paiiitiil  hhiik  aitil  aamlnnil  \  has  liccn  placed  in  li\»'  and  a  lialf  fatli- 
'iiii-^  111  water  ahont  half  a  mile  Iroiii  the  end  of  the  sand  and  rocky  spit  which  makes  out  one-third 

■  .Naillicl  li\     llli«'":l-l    .Sii|\rv    111   t-ti'J. 


J 

f  ? 


. 


f)31 


I'ACIKIC    COAST    I'll.or, 


.wtf 


of  ii  mill' from  tiu>  soiilliwt'^l  ptiiiil  of  rrotcclioii   Islaiitl.     Wlicii  vrsx'ls  ;ni'  cniiijii-  |',,i|  dj, 
i'ov»'r,\  liy  tlio  wi'stfiii  passap- iiiulfi  llu' soiilh  .sitlr  of  I'lolcrtioii   Ivlaml  IIm\  lia\c  Hi 
till' jMtrt  hand,     'riicir  is  \i'i\\  (li'i'|i  WMtrr  rlusf  uiiiU'i'  il   luvNaiil   llii-  >(iiilli('i  n  >liiii(  .  i. 
fathom  tail  of  thr  l>allas  liaiik  itMclirs  half  a  milit  wcs;  southwest  fioiii  tlir  liiio,\. 
At  tlit>  liiiov  III)-  following'  lu'ariii^s  ami  ilistiiiiccH  an>  K>vi'ii  to  im|Mii'iaiii  oltjicts 


'IIM\  nil 
1    ll\i' 


Nc»  l'iiiiK''iii's»  l.inliiliniisi- W,  )  N. 


'«  nil! 


Siiiilliwisl  mil  111'  I'luliiliiiii  I^IjiihI 


i:.  i.x  N.  ■;  \ 


Clal  1:1111  I'oi lit   K.   Ii_\  S.  J  S,  J     mil.  ~ 

This  inland,  with  roiiit  Aii^'i-lcs  ami  Ni'W  l)iin^;t'm'ss,  atloid  the  (irsi  cxaiMiilcs  nl  ijir  |„c 
low,  >aii(lv.  ami  ;;ra\«'ll.v  |ioiiils  coxcrcil  with  coaiso  ;;iass  ami  IhisIics  makiiii,'  uiil  rniin  il 


iiliai 

I'  liij 


flilVs  into  \cr\  tli't'ii  water,  where  the  temlencv  of  slron;;  eiirieiils  would  seem  to  lir  in  i  ;ii  tin 


awa.v. 


It  was  named  rroleetion  Island  liy  N'amuxiver  in  ITIL',  and  on  aeeounl  of  ils  pu'-ii 
lion  to  I'orl  hiscoveiy  it  is  veiy  aptly  named. 


ii'ii  III  ii'lii 


yanv  Di.srovKKY. 


4 


it; 


y  ?  I 


f 


I 


This  land  loeked  bay  lies  in  the  eastern  jiait  of  the  lii;,'ht  lietweeii   New  Diinueiii-^  .imi  l'. 


l-lnl|-|nl| 


Wilson.     The  western  point  is  just   live  miles  nearly  northeast   from  the  eniiMmc  in  W 
llarlior.     It  is  not  readil\  ::'ade  out  liy  a  vessel  in  the  strait,  because  the  enlranei'  .i{.|ii';ii.  M,„|, 
adetl  Ity  I'roteetion  Island  am.'  the  wooded  >hores  of  the  hay  tnerlap. 

l''rom  New  l)iiii;_'eness  l.i^hllioii.M'  the  wt'siern  head  of  tlieeiitianee  to  the  jmiiI  iimiiu  ,|  (  ;,, 
lam  I'oiiit*  is  nine  and  one  half  miles  distant,  and  beais  south  ei};lil,\  two  de;;M  is  easi    S.  s .'    | 
I'rom  the  New    l)iin;,'eness  buoy  il  is  nine  miles  soiilh   se\enl.\  se\eli  dej;rees  easi  iS.  ',',     f.  .  ,ii,l 
that  line  ji.isses  in>l  south  of  the  black  biioy  oil'  the  southwest  ]iiiiiil  of  I'lulect  ion  Ivfiini 

The  intermediate  lour  and  one  i  pi  ail  ci'  iiiiles  of  shore  between  Wasliii'Ului,  llai  Imi  ami  I'ni!  h:- 
<-overy  issliuhtly  curved  towards  the  northwest  and  is  formed  of  hi^li,  broken  clill^.      Ilu  ii  -li, ,; 
elilV  is  about  one  ami  mie  f'nurlh  miles  southwest  from  ('lallain  I'oint  and  is  pmliablv  iwn  liiimii.v 
fet't  above  the  se.i.     The  siirlace  aboM'  the  dill's  is  densely  covered  with  iheOiej^nii  pine  a  in  hi  iliii 
undcr^rrow  th.     The  liv«'  fathom  line  is  <piite  close,  under  the  elill's,  and  the  Icn  Lillinin  hm  ilm  ^  ii 
avera.:ce  one  fourth  of  a  mile  from  them.     There  is  no  ki'lp  aloii;;  this  shore. 

The  Western  or  ("l.illaiii  I'oint  is  low  .  but  rises  <piirkly  to  a  mndeiale  In  i;;lil  ami  >ln|M  >  in  |i, 
son 
oi 
fnuii  llic  w.iier,  which  is  vci\    deep  under  the  south  side;   under  the  north  side  the  ilii.  i  '.iiIh  i 


tliward.     The  eastern  point  of  the  entrance  to  I'ort  Discover^  is  (  ape  ( ieorj;e,  ami  il 
le  half  miles  iioitheast  one  t'oiirlh  iioith  Iroiii  Clallam  I'oint.      It  is  a  slecpclilV  thai  iIm 


not  over  two  liiimlrcd  \ards  from  the  shore.     The  a\('ra;;e  width  of  the  ba 


\    l>  lii-;ill\  iiiii 


am'  three  luaiters  miles  (or  nine  miles  of  its  len^;th,  ami  then  di creases  iapi<lly  In  tin-  S.iliiin 
l.'ivei.  It  111. ikes  fuiir  ;:ciic.al  courses  Iroin  the  eiil  i  am  e  to  I  he  licail,  as  follow  s:  ( im  aihi  ilun 
(piaileis  miles  south,  four  miles  east  b\  south  t wo  tliiids  soiilli,  two  ami  a  hall  miles  nmihIi  Ii 
♦■asl,  and  one  and  three  qiiarlcis  miles  southwest  by  south.  The  shores  are  abiii|il,  ami  nuiir 
w  nil  wciod  to  their  ed;,'es,  and  the  projeetiiitr  parts  are  all  tenniiiated  by  low  jMiinls  slrclcliltiii- 
short  distances  with  deep  water  oil'  them.  On  the  second  iioiiit,  on  the  eastern  side,  witi- ,  IvH 
the  remains  of  „n  extensive  stockaded  \illaj;e  of  the  Clallams.  When  u  vessel  eiilei- lIu  'm 
^lounl  ("hatham  f  ri.so.s  up  towards  the  south  and  overlooks  all  these  waters;  it  is  mil,  tut.,. 
two-thirds  miles  from  the  nearest  shore  and  reaches  two  thousand  one  hiimlied  ami  :■ ' 


•levati 


It 


*ests  lilt  Invest  from  Point  Discovery. 


When  well  in  this  bay   I'roteetion  Island  so  completely  shuts  up  llie  eiitiance  a.- I"  in 


ajipear  as  a   lar^'e  lake.      I'he  ^rreat  drawback  to  this  port    is  the  depth  ot   water. 
4-haiinel   IS  iiiit  less  than  twenty  live  fathoms  in  any   place,  and  in  some  p 


W  llli'll    III  W' 


laces  il  i>,  Inri  \    I.iiImh; 


i:mlcr  the  second  low  point  on  Iheeast  wccoiild  not  lind  lessllian  I  weiily  live  fatlnMii- nt  wii' 
a  few  -hip  len;;llis  from  the  beach,  but  found  ^ood  aiicliorat;e  in  lweiil.\  fathoms,  soil  bnlldiii.' 
t'.e  west"rn  shore  two  miles  .south-southeast  from  Clallam  Point  and  abreast  o,  :•  lou  -».iii: 
lieadi. 


In  the  deepe.-l  purl  of  the  bif;ht  between  Clallam  I'oint  and  this  aiiclioia;;c, 


ill     till-  llliMllll 


Kajjle  Creek,  there 
shore. 


d  auchoraj^e  ill  ten  fathoms  of  water  about   lour  liiindiid  ,\aii 


III 


'Cliallaiu  uii  tliii  cliartN. 


INaiiii'd  liv  tlie  ('iiiinl  Survey  in 


m 


I'ACiriC    CdASl     I'll.OI'. 


53: 


•■IIIil;  r..il  |)|^ 
ll\i'  III'  niiii\  III! 
iMMc,  liiil    .1   |i\,. 

rl>. 

)  mil.  . 
I  mil. 
null  '<. 

'S    III     I  111-    |MI  llllll 

illl     lllllll    ll;l'  |||;.ll 

III'    III    I  'II     t|i|'i|i 

i     |ll>v|||,,l|     IK    II  I.I 


y:clM'>'>  ,iiiil  rmiii 
•r  III  \\  .i-liiii-|iiii 
■f    .ll'lHMI-    MmiI, 

jiiii I  iiiiiisi  i|  I  ;,i; 
i  s  tMvi  ^,  >.;  1;, 
si  iS.  7:     I,.  ..11,4 

lull    l>l,llili 

1  linl  .llhl  I'l'll  |l|< 
lilVv  •|lH'lii;;lii'>l 
i;ilil\    t^^  i<  liiiliillnl 

III  |illir  ai  <l  .1  \\.lA 

t  lllllll    lllll     lI'M  >  IH'I 

ami  .-•li'i"  >  1"  ilii 
iiiiil  ii  I  -  iiiii'.ii.il 

IJial  li-i^  (llhilh 
Illl'  I  III  11'  lallioiii 
lia,\   is  lii'ailv  "III' 

U,\  ti>  Illl'  S.iliiiiili 
;  <  IjH'  anil  lliri'i' 
I  mill'-  >i)iiili  li\ 
iijit,  ami  iinrii'il 
lis  stii  IiliarM'M 
nil',   V.:,     iv".l. 

scl  ciilii-  111'    'I'O 
I    is  mil  .    luiiiUiil 
1  ami   ■'■'■!  lii'i  ill 

aiii-c  a-  I"  lll.ll^l  1' 

til',  will'  il    Ml  iiii'i 

Is  loin    lailii'iMv 
r.illii'iii-  "I  wii'ii 

S,    Mill      l"'li"IM."'' 

,,,'  :i  Inn    -w.iini'.^ 

.,   ,,|V    llir   lll'illlll"! 

,ll,'.l  \ai.l>"ll  ;i"' 


.\l  ilic  IhmiI  of  till'  I'li.V  it  •■(inti'iicls  ill  wiillli,  tlit-  watci'  nIhiiiIs,  11  \;\y<xv  iiinil  Hat  cxi.stH  Cnr  tlm 

1 1  ,i  mile,  ami  tilt' .slmifs  Itci ic  lii-lici  ;   lull  in  iilacrs  tin.  lnlj.s  n  treat,  and  f^ivc  a  .scanty  spact) 

ini  1  ii'u  scillei's'  ealiins.  l''(ir  a  lew  .years  alter  the  seitlin;;  of  San  Kriineiseo  many  vessels  caino 
lii'M  liH  piles  iml  spars;  JMit  a  laf;;e  saw  null  lias  lieeii  liiiilt  iipnii  I'liint  l>isenveiy,  wliieli  is  tlio 
lllllll  piMiil  iiiside  on  (lie  western  slnn'e  wiieiellie  i>ay  is  .scant  one  mile  wiile  ami  the  deptli  of 
^^,l:,•l   III  mil!  cliiimiel   is  twenlytwtt  lalJioms.     This  was  a  low  pmiit   priijcctliii,'  s|j;;litly  fruin  tliu 


mail,  line  o 


I'  iiliiir.     'riuTi'  is  ;;(i(i(l  aiiclidfa^'e  ill  the  Itay  near  the  saw  n 


Hie  l'(>;l  l>i.scii\cry  mills  leporleil  I'.i  issj  i|i,.j|' , mi pm  j,s  L'.'>.(i(Mi,Otl(»  feel  of  liimbiT,  12,000 
|ii|i"-.  .iMii  M.IMIIMIDII  laths,  1)1'  a  total  value  ol    .'r'.;  1(1,11(11). 

TJiry  have  a  capacity  of  l(l(»,(i(t(l  to  1J(I,(I(I(I  leet  of  liimlier  a  day. 

When  a  ves,sel  Is  in  (lie  strait  witii  Port  Diseovery  |>artly  open  jiisl  to  the  east  of  I'rotection 
jsl.iml.  Ilie  steam  from  this  sawmill  is  .seen  ii-i|i;r  as  a  hi;;li.  while  coliiiiiii  in  marked  contrast 
Willi  ihcdaik  lir  tiilia;.'e  on  litlier  hand.  Diiecily  west  simtliwest  limii  the  saw-mill  is  tlu«  Iiinil 
w. Hilled  mass  of  Mount  Cliatliaiii,  already  mentimied. 

liilis. — 'l"he  Coirecled  Kstaldishiiieiit,  or  mean  ilitel\al  lielvveeii  the  lime  of  the  .Moon's  transit 
HIM  the  lii^li  waier,  is  W''.  IT  .  To  find  the  times  and  lii-i-hls  of  each  and  e\er.\  tide  thi'oii;;li- 
lint  Illl'  .\ear  i">nsult  the  Tide 'I'alde  fur  the  rarilie  Coast  pnlillshed  aiilinally.  l''or  the  I'aciilio 
slaml.ird  lime  and  hci;;ht  of  any  reipiiied  liij;li  water  take  out  the  time  and  liei;;ht  lorlheHanio 
lull'  .It  I'ml  Townseiid,  and  fioin  the  j;i\t'n  lime  siihlraci  thirty  four  minutes  and  from  the  n'wvn 
Uv\li\t\  siilitracl  eijjht  tenths  of  a  foot,  j-'or  low  water  take  out  the  time  and  hei;;lit  ol'  the  reijuired 
lull'  lui  roil  'J'owiiseiid  and  from  the  ;;iven  lime  snblraci  twenty  nine  miimtes  and  from  the  ;;iveii 
111  i^ht  siililract  four  teiil lis  nf  a  fool.  To  obtain  tlu'  local  limes  of  hi;;h  and  low  water,  sidttrai^t 
limn  llie  I'oll  Townseiid  liliii",  ill  the  talile  foil\   lixe  and  loll.N    mililltes,  respectively. 

I'lie  peninsula  lielwecn  this  port  and  N\'ashin;;toii  llarlior  averages  aluiiit  three  iniles  in 
I'liaiilli:   il  is  lii.^h,  lolliiii;  I. mil  comtciI  willi  trees. 

r.elueeii  this  )  oil  and  I'oit  Tow  iisiiid  the  ;ivcra;;e  width  of  the  iieiiiiisiila  is  also  three  miles, 

id  ciiliivalion  towards  I'm  t  Towii.stMid, 


nil  .1  rulliiiLr  eoiililis  covered  with  tree: 


■  lit  with  prailie  ai 


I'ml  DiscoNeiy  IS  the  "  admiralili'  hailioi  "  which  was  diseii\  cii'd  by  t^Miimper  in  .Inly,  17!K», 
ami  11. lined  l''.l  I'neilo  de  Ciiadra,  and  which  had  an  island  in  fioiil  ol  its  moiitli.  l''rom  here  he 
lllllll  .111  i'\ploiatioii  of  .\diiiirally  liilel,  elc,.  and  saw  (he  t wo  ;;ri'al  passages  |o  the  noilliward. 
Ill  IT!i|  Ihe  Spanish  discovery  brij;  Sulil.  Siimr  Dun  1).  Cialiaiio.  and  the  schooner  .l/r.r/cri/fo, 
.Si'iiiu  Hon  ('.  Naldcz,  were  letllled  in  this  bay. 

Il  was  lirst  surveyed  and  made  Known  by  \'aiicim\er  in  May,  ITMl';  lie  retitted  his  ships 
ami  I'slal'lislu'd  an  observatory  al  the  s ml  low  poiiii,  now  known  as  ('air  I'oiiil,  on  the  western 


slinli- 
illl-    I 


111  iheiice  sent  his  boats  011  the  siii\  (\  (if  .\dmii  all  v  liilel   and    I'ii;.;et    Sound.     II 


lesi  lit    name  to  the   ba\    aflcr  uiie  ol   hi.- 


c     i;a  .•t^ 
hips,  ami  il  i>kiiiiwii  bv  no  other.     Some  of  the 


>rliliis  III  this  bay  liavf  discuveii'd  names  carxed  on  the  trees  on  this  point,  and  they  are  sup- 
|iiisi  d  to  have  been  cut  b.v  Xaiicuiiv  ei's  im-ii. 

Ill  l.s.'i,")  we  fuiiml  on  the  bliitf  hai-k  ot  ('lallaiii  Point  a  ,i;reat  niimbei' of  larfjo  trees  that  had 
I'lrii  UMsted  oil' or  uprooted  by  .some  loiiiado  that  had  blown  from  the  soul lieast ward.  The  (iros- 
hall  il  iiies  wci'c  plainly  \isible  on  the  slupiii;;-  hillside  fioiii  the  anchoi-ai;e. 

MiiiilU' Of    It'icLt)   I'itint. —  Kastward  of  Cape  (ieor,i.;e  the  j^ciieral  diieetioii  of  the  shoieliiie  is 


liiilllieast    bv    Iioi 


til  and   the  distance  is  live  and   thiee  foiii  tlis  miles,  biif  midwa.v  between  tlicst! 


.Illl-.  ilii'ie  is  an  obtuse  an;;le  in  the  shore  line  from  w  hich  a  sharp  point  prujccls  out  nearly  one. 


I'liid  uf  a  mile.     The  whole  shore  line  lies  al  III 


)f  iii''li,  yellow,  clav  dills  which  reach  four 


liimlii'd  or  live  hnndied  feel  elevation  tuw.ii'ds  the  low  ri'acli  of  Point  Wilson. 

l.'iM'k.\  I'uint  has  a  depth  of  live  fa  I  lion  is  of  water  w  ilhiii  one  third  mile  of  the  shore  ami  ten 
i.iilii'iiis  ai  three  foiiiths  of  a  mile.  'I'liere  is  ver\  deep  water,  forty  to  fifty  fathoms,  between  it 
ami  I'roiection  l.',land:  there  is  also  very  deeii  water  of  .■M.venlyfoiir  faihoiiis  two  miles  to  the 
iii'iihwesi.  and  lifteeii  fathoms  at  a  mile  oil  .>liore  llii'ine  to  Point  Wilsun.  llicre  i.s  no  kelp  out 
111  -i\  , lllll  seven  fathoms  for  one  and  one  half  miles  aloii;;  shore  to  the  iioilheasl. 

The  cnireiils  olV  this  point  are  coiillici iiij;  from  its  proximity  U)  the  entrance  to  Admiralty 
liili-l,  the  Dallas  P.aiik,  and  the  passa;;e  to  Port  Discovery. 

Bl'OV    ul'I'    MIDDM;   01;    IJiiCKV    I'OINT. 


ui  h, 


1  mark  a  «mnU  suulm  fock  otV  Middle  or  l.'mU.v   Point,  a  thinlclds.s  iniiilnion  painted  irifk  red 
'(/.  Iii>ri:<)iiliil  siripts  has  been  placed  in  lifieeii  teel  of  water  one  hall  mile  northeast  by  north 


111 


ii 


*'>■■■' 


ii  I 


mm 


I 


j*!i,:* 


.O.'Jfi  I'Ai'ii'if;  ("oAsr  ni.or. 

froiii  llit>  t'xti'cinify  of  tlio  iioiiil  :hu1  outside  :i)m1  clnsi'  to  lliis  (liiii^^tT,  wliiij,  is  inraali  ;\i  ilir  1,^,.^, 
lilies,      \"cssi'ls  slumlil  ;:i\e  lliis  Imnv  ;i  hcilli  uroiic  Imnilreil  vnnls. 

From  litis  1mio\  we  liiive  Hie  I'oUowiii};  lie;iiiii;;s  and  (listaiii'i's  to  iiiniortaiil  ollje(•l^. 

New  lliiiimiic.vs   i.iglit  ImiiM' S,  7-     \V.         II   iiiil,.> 

I'diiil    r.irtiiili;c' Nnrtii  t,  niilin, 

roiiil  Wilsnii   I.inlit-lidnsr N.  fi'.!      !■'..         :{\  mill's 

III  io,^,-.\  ami  tliii'k,  smoky  weatlier  tlie  lead  must  l>e  kept  ;;t)iii{;  wlieii  apiiroiicliin^;  ;<■:<  j,,,,,,! 

POINT    WILSON. 

Tliis  jioint  lies  in  the  soiitlioastenimost  part  ol'  the  Stiail  ol'  I'lica,  at  the  eiiliaiicc  |m  .\(hii:i,i!!. 
Inlet,  ol'  which  it  loinis  the  westein  point,  it  is  also  the  iioriliwcsteMi  poini  oj  I  lie  ciiii.nii  r ..! 
I'ort   Ton  iisctid. 

Tlie  point  lieaisiioith  >e\  entytoiii  dejxrees  east  (N.  7  I    1'..)  foiniei'ii  ain!      ii'loiiii'i  umI.s  tinii, 
New  1  >ini;:ene>s  l,i;:hl  house,  ^nd  this  line  jiasses  o\  el'  t  he  lioi  I  hern  pai  I  of  the  l»all;is  llanl,  iumi; 
lliidwas   liel\\eeii  the  two  points. 

Tiie  liifih  vtllow  ela.\  eliiVs  siinnounted  by  heavy  forest  rnn  Irom  Port  l>is(o\ii\  touiinl ,  l',,ii 
Townseiid  and  leach  a  heij;hl  of  tour  ',  i'  IIm'  liiiiKtred  feet  near  iJockv  Point  ;  |hi\\  arc  \fi,\  >iir|i 
and  Ineak  ilown  sinhleiilv  iini'  •  a  hill  two  hiindied  and  titty  t'eel  lii^^li,  three  ei;;litlis  of  niian 
before  reaching  theextre  nils  of  Point  Wilson.  This  point  stretches  oni  lowaids  ,\itiiiii,ili v  ||,-,i,| 
and  is  fi'i'iiied  of  low  sand\  hillocks  eoxered  wiili  coal  .e  {^rass.  The  soul li  shoic  of  (In  |  ,l||i• 
s\\  ceps  to  the  south  and  a;,'ain  meets  the  lii};ii  land  in  hall  a  mile.  (ira\el  and  shiii^:lc  slmw  ai 
the  water  line. 

On  the  extreniit\    ol    the  point   are  the  la^^lit  Inuiso  biiihlin;;s. 

lielwccii  l.'ocUs  Point  and  Point  Wilson  the  ^'ciieial  direction  ol  tlie  line  of  clilN  i>  iiuhIumv! 
by  east,  and  oiV  the  slioie  the  live  lalhoni  line  is  less  than  one  loiiitli  of  a  mile  distaiil.  cmii  ' 
will  in  two  thuds  of  a  niilc  of  point  Wilson,  where  it  reaches  o..'  half  a  n  ile  o\er  a  vci>  rnii:!- 
rock\,  aiiil  sliini;l.\  liolloiii  with  ,i  lidd  of  kclji  to  mask  it.  The  kelp  lield  is  well  oil  the  puiiitci- 
the  north  side  ol  the  .•.|'.;;lil  lii;:lit  lust  \ie>t  ot  the  low  extremity.  The  ten  latlloiii  line  III  >  iilmii: 
two  thirds  of  a  iin'"  fioni  the  shore.  Ibiectly  oil  the  point  towards  Admiralty  I  lai  hor  a  i|i'|it! 
i>r  twenty  fithoiiis  IS  loiiiid  one  hiiiidicd  vards  Iroin  the  beach,  and  the  ciitren's  make  li\  n  wj] 
j:rc.ir  \clocil\  Diiiiiij,'  the  elili  tides  a  \cr\  stroiij;  eddy  clirieiil  sets  to  the  easlw.ml  nlmij 
shore  iioni  .Middle  or  K'oi  i>y  point,  and  i  un  as  far  is  Port  Iii>co\er\.  In  lS."(."i  when  uc  ,\i ; 
com  in;,'  out  ol  the  inh't  on  the  lai  ;',i  ebb  wish  se;  ccly  an\  w  iiui  we  kept  outside  of  the  up  sliowiii. 
the  line  of  the  e<id\ .  .\  \esMliwoo!  tin  ee  miles  ahead  w  as  in  t  lie  edd\  at  t  he  same  linir,  \\' 
Were  c.ii  ra'il  p,i>i  Pintertion  l-land.  bin  she  was  drifted  hack  to  Point  NN'ilson.  Tin-  linii.in 
when  bound  to  New  Miiiiyeness,  keep  well  out  in  the  elib.  W'ssels  workiii;^  cuit  lioin  Poll  T  k  i. 
send  with  the  stroll,;  siimini  I  winds  hold  well  iimh  r  the  soiillieast  shoicof  Poini  Wilson,  canvin. 
three  t'alhoiiis  within  two  hiindicd  and  (ilt\  ^vaidsof  the  hcacli  southwest  of  the  l.i;,'ht  li(iii>i>,  .iiii' 
I'oiiiid  the  point   close  aboard. 

In  approacliiii;^  the  point  Inun  the  strait  in  lb;;;;y  or  thick,  sinoks  weather  ihe  fo;;  wih.;ii n 
the  jpoint  will  ;^ive  siiliicieiil  waiiiiii;.';  but  if  it  should  noi  be  hold  Ihe  le.id  miisl  In.  kcp'  umn. 

l.li.U  I   It'll  sK  ON  iMiiri  I     \VU..s(iN. 

The  LiL'lit  house  is  very  ni'.ir  the  extremity  of  the  point,  where  it  is  noi  more  'h.i*  iiu  .i 
above  the  level  ol  the  sea.  The  si  I  net  lire  consists  of  a  i>ee|ief'«  dwelling:  ol  one  and  .i  Icjll  ^im'i 
lii;;li.  painted  whi'e,  I'rom  tins  house  iises  I'oi  a  short  distance  iiIhivc  the  roof  the  sipian- lnwi 
painted  white  and  siiiiaountcd  l>\  a  lantern  and  di, me  painted  black  The  loi.' si^'iial  InnMiii.:  ^ 
painted  while  and  adjoins  the  dwi-lliii^,'  lowuids  ihe  watei  Iron'. 

.\s  '^ecn  from  the  watei  the  liuildint;s  show  as  a  eliisicr  id  white  houses  with  d.iiK  o.uN  n 
the  lo,\  pi.iiit,  ,11  the  e\tieiiiit\  of  which  is  a  lla;.'-stalV.  There  arc  low .  stra^iylin;;  lii'c.>  iiisiii' 
theiii  and    eachin;;  to  the  lii-h  clill  co\eii  d  w  ,•'•  l.ir^'c  lirs  and  pines. 

The  ll;:lit  w  as  lir^t  e\lilblled  I  leeembcr  I.>.  IST'.I,  and  show  I'Veiv  ni::lit  lloiii  siin-it  1-  Mill'- 
a  Ji.tril  nliit'  liiilit  ol  the  fniitth  ordei  of  the  s,\s|tin  of  I  lesiiel.  illiiiiiinat  inn  1^^"  iniiniii'l  in  i 
se\ellt\   de;;iees  of  the  lioii        i. 

The  liei;;lil  oi  the  focal  jilaiic  is  fonysix   leel  above  the  ba.se  and  (ift^  three  leei  al".\c  tl.i 


m,^aauuaimBii 


<h  al  llir  lowest 


mill'.-. 
iiiili'H. 

lllill'H 

'>lilK  ll'ix  j, ■, 


I'f  I"  Ailiiiii.iliv 

I  lit'  t'llll.llici'  111 

iiiil'i  iinliv  liiiiii 
\.>^  l'.:llil>  iirail;, 

l'\     IclW.lld',   I'lMl 

\  aic  \i-i\  -Hi'ii 
■ii;lillis  111'  ;i  iMI.r 
Acliiiiiallv  II. ail 

lul  r  (if    llil    I  illlil 

,  sjiili^'li'  f-liiiw  at 


•lill*    IS    lllllllllMvt 

■  ili--latil.  I'viT].! 
■IT  a  \ti\  rmiuli, 
1  olV  till-  |iiiiiit  I'll 
iiii  line  111  >  .ilii'ii; 

Ilai'liul  ;i  ili'jitli 

make  !i\  It  Willi 

ca-'luiiil   ailing 

i.'i  u  luii  «!'  \\iv 

till'  ii|i  -lioHMi; 

llic  tlllir.      Wi 

Till'  liuliaih, 

lOMI    I'l'l  I   'I   i'',ll 

\\  ilsini.  rairviii;: 
.i^'lit  liiinx',  aliil 

ic  I'li^  u  iii.lir  nil 

■  t   111'  Ur|i'  L'liili.' 


Ml'   '  lia*  !rti  'ii'i 
ml  a  liull  <liiri>'* 

llr  sijllarr  liUVrr 

i;iial   liii.M'ti:  ■ 

III  ilai:,  'iiiil-  nil 
liij^-   t;i  ■  -  iii>'i'i' 

.iiMsct  t  ■  -iiiiri'ii' 
V I.  imiiiMv.l  .iml 

■   loci   al'i.M'  the 


I'Af'lI'M,'    COASI'    IMIair.  537 

im  an  livt'l  <'i'  Mm  sell,  aiid  iiinU'r  onliiiar.v  coiiiliti.iii.s  of  ihc  alinii.siilii'io  it  should  he  scon  from  a 

1,1'iulit  ol- 
id t'crt  at  a  ilislaiii I'  11. '.I  miles. 

■Jll  IV.i  al  a  .li^taiMT  ..f  l;).!  iiiili.,H. 

;!()  IVit  al  a  (lislaiicii  .if  1 1.Ci  miles. 

i'lii  ;,')'ni,Mai»lii<'iil  position,  as  tlclcriiiincd  l>,v  tlic  ['.  >S.  Coast  and  (Icodctin  Siirn'y,  is: 

l.alllllili' .|,      11-'   ;;i|"    .|l|_ 

I j;itmli' I','-J     1,-,    II'  wisl. 

I  ll,  ill    11  Till' ~U     I  |:,,    (|||<,r| 

III  .laiiiiary,  ISS,"),  tlic  iiiaj;iicti<'  variation  was -JL"    L'S'  cast,  and  was  dccrcasin-,' iuiniially  4'. 
riic  licaiiii;;s  and  distanci's  to  iniporiaiil  jxiiiils  mc  ;;ivfii  as  follows: 

Wii(U\   riiiiil  Hiiiiy  (n  ll  ami  lilai'U  liiiri/cinlal  .siripi's) S.  fill  \V.  m  iiiiln.s. 

N'l'W   DiiiiK.iirss   I.i;;lil-lii)ilsi- S.  71  \V.  1  l|  inilrs. 

lull  I'liiiiy  iilV  \i\v    I'nii^i'iiiss   S.  rr,  \V.  i:i^  inili's. 

It.iiT  ImI.uhI  LiHlit-liiiiiw S.  7:i  \V.  ;ai-  milrs. 

r.sHiiiiiiall    l.i^lit-liiiii.ii' \.  -I  -W.  :Wl  iiiili'M. 

Viriciria  l.i^iil-liiHiHi' (tint   iiilirviMiMr') N.  -J  \V.  liiiJ  iiiilo.s. 

OiMiiivrry  Island  I. iKlil-liiiii^i" N   71  \V.  'Si    miles. 

Itlack  lliioy  nil   I'artriil;;!)   I'aiik    .\  ..".-j  \V.  7;  in  lies. 

Smiili's  Islaiiil  l.iKlillnmxi'  N    I,'.  W.  11    niilcM. 

li'ni  lliKiy  nil   I'liiiil  l'arlriil;;(' N.  In  W.  .'.|  niilcH. 

Ailiniialty  Ili-ail  l.iKlit-liinisi' N.  .VJ  i:.  ;\\  iniliw. 

li'iil  MaKr  I.ij;' I  nil  I'liin     .Marrnw  slnm- S.  7';  i:.  If,  milrs. 

It  is  it'|ioi'ti'd  that,  (or  soine  \t';irs  a  slioal  .--iiil  lias  licrii  iiiaKinn-  oiV  this  |)iiini.  :ind  now  a  licrtli 
111  riic  ciiiarttr  of  a  mile  is  sate  in  roiitnliiin  il. 

l'0(;siiiNAI.    AT    roINT    WU.SOX. 

l!('t«(M'n  tli(>  I.ijilil  iioiisv  liiiildinn  and  the  cxticnic  )uiint  llicii' Is  a  small  wliilc  liiiildini;  (or 
the  lo.u  .'^iiiiial  a|i|iai'.ilns.  This  is  ;i  t  wclvn  iin'li  .v/cd/zj  irliistli  .•soiiiidi'd  cNcrv  iiiiniitc  in  thick  and 
ln-.;y  wcalluT.  'V\w  U  nijth  (if  tlir  li(i{\t  x-^tiiiht  mvhuiIh  ■iiid  the  li  nt/lli  of  tlir  iiitornl  hrlini'ti  tin- 
iiUisU  is  ti/'lj/firii  ^ktiiiuIk. 

\ Cvscls  tMiterin;;  .Vilinirallv  Inln  IVom  the  Slrailol  Ftica  stand  I'oi' Admiralty  Head  !,i;,'ht  on 
an  e:ist  l>y  north  one  I'oiirth  north  i  I".  h>  N.  \  N.)  coiirso,  ha\inn-  Point  \\'ilson  l,in|itdioiis((  open 
nil  the  starlioard  Imw:  and  when  I'oiiii  WIIsdii  lanlit  house  liears  .■southwest  hy  soiilli  one(|uarter 
south,  liistant  one  and  one. thud  miles,  roint  No  i'uint  Ia;;ht  will  he  (i|ien  throii^di  the  middle  (d' 
llie  inlet  he;i!inn^  south  (illy  tun  <lei,'iees  east  (S.."iJ  1].),  distant  sixteen  and  two  thirds  miles.  In 
t'.it  |ii)siti(in  a  \<'.ssel  is  rather  ne;iier  Admiralty  Mead  than  I'uint  Wilson,  and  the  eiairse  to  roint 
sii  I'oinl  clears  .Marro«sione  Point  neaii\  Inill'  a  iiiiie.  P.iish  Poiin  half  a  mile,  and  Konble  P.iiitV 
111', Illy  a  mile,  so  that  the  course  must  lie  channed  as  licre:ittcr  descriiicd. 

Point  Wilson  reeei\ed  its  present  ii.iiiu"  t'rom  N'aneonvcr  in  171)2.  In  IS.'iT  a  small  nnlinished 
li>u  liiil,  cal'.-d  I'ort  .MasiHi,  stood  n[)oii  it. 

ijinirKi;  ri'.MXsri.A. 

•'.itwccti  I'oit  i)iseo\ciy  and  Port  'rownseiid  lies  a  peniiiMila  a\('r:ii;in;^' thri'e  miles  in  breadth 
iMil  ten  miles  Ion;;,  ll  is  le.isonahly  iinilnlaliii:,'  land  and  has  man.\  larne  farms.  It  oilers  uK-^it 
iii.anlaues  as  a  loe;itioii  for  a  commercuil  town,  ami  in  time  it  will  lie  I'onni'Cted  directly  by  rail 
uilh  ihe  ( 'oiiimhia  Ivixer  'i.\   way  of  theCowlit/  N'alley. 

I'dlM     I'AUTUIlXiK. 

'I'iiis  is  ili(>  western  point  o|'  Whidhey  Island,  the  eastern  lioiiiidary  of  tin-  Strait  of  .Iiiaii  de 
I  liia.  ll  may  lie  eoi.sidered  the  noithcin  part  oi  the  eiitraiiee  to  .Vdmirally  Inlet  and  Piifjet 
soiiiiil.  with  Point  Wilson  as  the  norih\\cstern  point  ;  allhoiiuh  .\dmirally  Head  and  Point  Wilson 
ale,  siiieily  considered,  the  two  points  ol'  the  entraiK'e.  .Vt  :in.\  rate  it  is  descrihed  here  as  form- 
al- part  id'  the  shores  <d'  tin'  .Strait  of  I'lica. 

The  seaward  slope  i.s  very  steep  and  shows  lar;,'e  areas  of  sand  and  s;UMly  soil.  The  eoast- 
liiie  is  level  on  Hie  snminit,  which  is  covered  niih  spruce,  til,  and  cedar.  There  are  two  noticeahU' 
inllivated  farms  on  tlie  shore  ahont  three  miles  to  ilie  northward  of  the  poini.  The  point  is  so 
voiiiiilinu,'  tliat  it  is  not  easily  rcconni/'.ed  on  coming  from  Iho  westward,  hut  from  llie  .south  and 


■ 


i 


:|'i:    I 


w    ,'n 


538  PACIFIC  COAST  rii,(vr. 

nortli  il  is  well  inarUcil  and  in'oiniiuMit.  Its  f.icf  is  cmnixiscd  itf  loost*  yellow  saml,  wlm  !i,  i,,.,,,,, 
l>l«n\ii  lii-  liic  lull  by  llic  stroiij;  west  wimls.  Inis  l'(  riiicd  a  \ciy  prciiliisr  iiil;;f  on  tlir  oiii-  i  1,1,(1,1 
llu«  lop.  Tills  is  so  narrow  that  it  ran  liartily  lie  traxi'li'd,  ainl  in  many  places  ii  is  ||nll^  1  \,  i,.,,- 
above  tlio  ^rrouml  iiisiilc;  yet  lii'iiijj  ovfijjiowii  with  Imslics,  ilio  ritij;('  is  now  pcnnaiicni 

Till"  liii^licst  i>ail  of  tlu'  point  is  about  two  liniidn'il  and  si\iy  loct  alio\c  low  watci. 

Altlioufili  (lie  water  olV  lliis  point  is  (iiiilc  hold,  yet  the  ImiIIdmi  drops  oil'  so  smldnilv  i|i:i|  ,,, 
lo,i.'^'y  or  smoky  weather  vessels  running' by  the  lead  ma\  be  iinexpwtedly  upon  a  Imu  Mei  |. .  •  wl^rl 
extemls  out  halt'  a  mile  fioni  the  point  and  is  markeil  by  kelp  vt>ry  nearly  to  thai  depih.  Smiiji 
east  of  the  point  the  ten  fathom  enise  is  less  than  hall'  a  aiile  olV  shore,  bnl  oil'  tin-  poii,i  ,ii,,l  i, 
the  northward  the  ten  t'athoni  enrve  is  tally  lonr  lil'ths  of  a  mile  iVoni  the  shore.  The  lim  oi' il,, 
.shore  south  of  the  point  runs  east  southeast  and  west  north  west  and  in  line  with  the  ilireciicu,  ,11 
riirtrid;:c  I'.ank.  suthat  the  ten  fatluun  lines  are  liardly  a  mile  apait,  ,\et  there  is  a  depth  i.l'ilia!', 
fathoms  in  that  w  iilth. 

OlV  till  eiitl  ol'  the  bowlder  reef  in  live  to  ten  t'atlioms  the  currents  are  \er\  stnui-  ,..!  ili.i, 
is  nineh  be  ''ii;;  and  oVflt'.lU  at  the  el'aii;,'es. 

The  !  I  aiiuiila!  ion  slat  ion  of  the  I '.  S.  < 'oast  and  <ieode!ie  Sni\e\  is  on  t  he  Mimli,  1  n  |i.iiti.i 
the  point,  and  its  e,.,imM)iliieal   position  is  : 

I.:ilili!.l.' 1-      tJ    .■'.■,. II  11.111',. 

l.oll;;ltll,I,. I'.'-.'       1:.     :'.l     .1    «,-( 

O.iiitilllr ••''    11"    (i-,'-.t. 

nniv  mi'  rni.Nr  vai;  riMixii'.. 

To  mat  k  t  he  outer  end  of  the  bow  Ider  reel'  w  liieh  lies  el  use  under  the  shore  ol'  I'm  in  I'.n  11  ;,|_, . 
a  srionJ  (7/(,\\  }iini  Inimi  jiiiiiiliil  inl  mul  uumhiinl  ti  h.is  been  placed  in  lliill\  one  feel  of  w.ilii  iu,; 
outside  t  lie  kelp  and  abmil  one  halt  a  mile  west  of  the  exlreine  outer  |iait  of  the  point.  \'i>v,i- 
pas-.iiiu  north  w. II  d  iiinlir  the  woti  111  slioie  ot'  \\'lii,llie\  Islainl  inilsl  leave  il  on  I  ln' >i,ii1mi.,iiI 
hand.      .\  \issi|  eoiiiiiij,' I'lom  l;o--ai  io  Sir.iil  to  Adiiiiiallv   Inlet  must  lia\e  il  on  the  pml  l<  iii,l, 

I'roiii  this  buoy  the  liilLiwin;;  beariu;;s  and  distances  to  proininent  objects  locate  11  : 

Sii,iiir<  Kl.ihil   l.i-lii-h.iii^i' NU'.    ■   W.  Ii  iiiil'- 

ilii.'.v  ..;,  I':iilri.lur  f.ink W.  L.v    .N .    ,  N'.  '."  niili'v 

I'.iii,!   WiK.iii    l.i^lii  liiins,' M..  I.\  S.  ;  S.  .".  mill's. 

M:i  11. ,«Nl ,.,,.■  l'..i!il  (ivil  ht;ikr  linliM St:,  i   1:.  't  mil.-. 

.V.bnii.ills    ll..i,l  1. , -1,1-1, .„i-.- m;,  1..V    V.iV..  :■-  1,1,1,-.. 

Point  r,ii  1 1  iili.'i'  reicisiij  Its  name  t'roin  \'ancon\eriii  ITU'. 

I'oi  the  ilesiaipt  io.i  ot'  Admiralty  Inlet,   I'u;.'et  Sound.  ,ind  ailj.ieeiii  w, iters,  see  umlci  |.iivr; 

)ieadill;:s,  as    ue    Imw    return    to    the    nolllielll    .slioieol'   I'lic.i    Si  1  .ill .  eoiiiliieliciu;;   .il    lie-    \wv|rri 

elil  laiiee. 

VANCOUVKR     ISLAND,    HKITISII    COl.UMUIA. 

Tills   is   ilie  ^leal    island    whose   western   slnue   for   I  w  o   hundred    miles  eoiil  iiiiles  I  lie  \^  ■  >ni 
coast  be  Mind  the  limits  ol    \\'ashiii;^loii.     'I'lie  soul  hern  end  of  llie  isl.nid  loi  ins  ilie  iiorlhcvi  si;,'!- 
ol    the  ,Sti;iit  ot'  l"uea. 

'I'll is  |s|;,ii,l  was  ori:.'inally  called  ••  <,)iiai||a  and    \'aiicou\er  "  by  the  S,,anis|i  e,> lainl.  1    ii": 

\',iin ver,  who  met   in    the  (iiilf  of  «;eoij;i.i  in   I  7'.I'J,  the  toi  inel  eiitciili;,'  trom  the  iioilli    :iiiil  II- 

l.itiii    lioiii   the  .soutii.  throii;;li   the  Stiait   of  .liiaii  ile   I'lici.      I'lie  n.iiiie  <^>u.idr..  has  t.illni  iiii' 
disiisc'. 

i.icirr  ino  sK  aiiai'K  hi.ai  1.,  iiaiji  1  an   sm  \i>. 

Iiom    T.itoosh    Isl.ind    the   mountains  of  the   Soniinerset    l.'aii- 1  the  roast  ot    \,iii.eii\' 

|sl;iiii|  ,11  e  le.i.lll.\    seen,       I'liex     |  ise    to  o\cr   two   thousand   Icil  clc\.llioii  and   inaik   the  .Ippr '. 

to  K.ircl.iy  Sound  from  the  east  sonlhe.isl.     Tin'  openin-  to  that  sound  i>  foililcen  miles  ,, 
is  open  diiectly  to  the  south.     There  ale  two  wide  eiit lances  |o  it.  sepaialeil  b\    an  alcliip 
islands.     'I'he  cape  al    the  soiilhcast    point  of  the  enliance   throimli    the  lice, ile  I'.issa.-e   .    'il' 
r.eale,  upon  I  he  i'\l  1  eiiiity  of  which  is  built    the  l,i'.:lil  lioiisr. 

The   sliuctllle    is   a   sipiare  towi'r,  painted    a    li-lit    stone   ciloi.    .iml   llie  keepci's  dwell      .■    >  ' 
del.ichcd  obloii;:  biiildiiiL;.  painted  the  s.iine  color. 

The  illnmimitin-  apparatus  is  of  the  tirst   ordei   Catoptric,  levolviii-.  and  shows  Iron,    .ii,v 

to  Miiiiise  a  irlill,  lliiht  III  iiito-riils  -/'  lliiilii  snnii'h.  inakili-  a  c plele  icMilution  in  two  11  aiilti- 

It    WIS  tiisi  .Ahibited  on  Jills    I.  IsTI.     'i'lie   llydrouiaph.N  last.pmc  HiiJ,  ,s.i.\s;     •■\isibl,     Imi" 

.vecolids;    eclipse    t  III  It  \  .seconds.  " 


u\^.  k^\ 


PACU'lC    COAST    PILOT. 


)39 


<1,   Wllllll,  1„.||,^. 

Im'  (ni|r|  I'l, , 

•  lliiU  V    I  \,.  1,.,.. 

U.llll. 
Illlllclllv     l||;l|  |!| 

iNi'lll.  Suinl, 
lif  |i'iilil  ,iim|  ;, 
'I'lir    lllH    111    ll 

liic  .lir ,1,  , 

I  ill  |ilh  ..;  iIm- 

IliMIU  :il,.|  liirl, 
•Kill  lii'l  II    ;i,i;'  .  : 


Tlic  liciRlit  t>r  tlio  tower  from  tlic  Imsc  to  liic  cciilor  oC  llio  lens  is  tliirtytivc  feet  niid  tliti 
r.iiiil   |>l:iiii'   IS  out"   Imiiilird   ami  siNty-fimr  fet't   iiImivc  the  lii^rli  wiitcr  level   of  tin;  Hen j  and  ill 
l:i\irriilil(M'Oiuiitioii8  of  tlie,  \\t-ntiiei- siioiiUl  lie  seen  from  a  liei;;lit  ol- 
io I'li'l   at  a  ilislaiii"'  of  H.:i  iiiilrs. 
•Jll  I'ri't  at  a  ilistaiirr  iiC  l'.l>  mill's. 
:iit  fiTl  at  a  ilislaiuT  iif  •.M.o  umIin. 


Tlic  i>p|iroxiinate  "^eograpliieal  ))ositioii  is: 

l.alituil'' 1-      IT'    IS 

l,iiiif;itmli< Ij:,     I'J    .Vi 


IIKI'tll. 

wrst. 


I)|.    Ill    lllllO 


si'   •,'IJ'"   al 


III 


.laiiiniry,  ISS.'),  the  majmelie  variation   was  I'.i  '  ,")(»'  east  and  liad  very  neaily  readied  the 


i';i>li'in  m:i\ianim. 

The  li;;iit  is  visihle  from  an  easterly  beariiij;  parallel  with  tlie  coast,  round  to  tlie  west  by 
II, .nil  half  iiorlli  (W.  liy  N.  A  N.).  It  slioiilii  not  he  hroii;;lit  to  the  eastward  of  east  half  north, 
JHiMMse  foul  jii'onnd  extemis  oil' the  eiitr.inecs  to  llarelay  Sound.  The  front  of  tiie  eape  is  closely 
lionlered  l>y  rocUs,  lint  a  depth  of  lilieen  laihoiiis  of  water  is  found  one  mile  otV  the  shore. 
}l,ii  ill!  rs,  hiiirrrrr,  .flioithl  nul  nth  mill  >o  rnlrr  tin-  s,,hii<I  at   niijht  ivi/liout  himl  hnmrleiUje  or  ainlot, 

From  this  iij^ht  Tatoosh  Island  Li^lit  hniise  hears  south  sixty-one  dej^rees  east  (S.  CPE.), 
ili.vlani  thirty  and  one  half  miles. 

I!arcla,\  Sound  was  discovered  hy  Caiitain   Kcrkely,  of  the  Imperial  Ktxjlc,  in  1787. 


I'diiil  P. 11  irnl^i', 

I'i'I   111'  "  ,llil  )IM 
pnint.       W's^ii* 
111    (he  sMiliii.iril 
he  |iiii  I  I'  mil, 
icate  11  : 


limlrl    l'lii|'l'l 
,ll     III"        I'-lrlll 


UONILI.A    INiINT,     VANCOfVI'.i;     ISLAND. 

This  is  a  moderately  low  ])oint  heavily  wooded  to  the  watet's  edjje,  hiit  is  hacked  hy  wooded 
iiiiiiiiilaiiis  reaching;  two  tlioiisainl  li\i'  liiiiidii'  I  feet  elevalio;i  wiiliin  six  miles  of  the  shore.  It  is 
iini  made  oat  hy  \essels  eiiteriiii;- the  strait,  hut  is  seen  as  a  low  iiiiint  with  slowly  risiiij^  haeKj,'roiind 
\\  Inn  a  vessel  is  twenty  to  t  weiity  li\('  miles  inside  the  strait.  It  is  twelve  and  a  iinarter  miles 
iinilli  thiily  dejjrees  west  (N.  ."iti    W.)  from  Tatoosh  Island  Lij;htlioiise. 

■jhe  chart  lays  down  a  small  roek  and  reef  close  to  thi'  slnire  of  the  point,  with  kelp  thence  to 
llii  ('armanali  Cove  to  the  westward.     In  the  northwest   an^le  of  this  cove  there  is  an  Indian  vil- 


I'he  aiiproxiiiiati'  ^;('(  ;;fapliical  iiosilion  of  I'oint  llonilla  is: 


l.aliliiili-  . 

I,ii|l;illlllli 


I-    :\W  :i(l     north. 

fJl        II'    (111"     WI'Nt. 


his  point  was  iiaiiied  I'oint  l>iitliii  hy  .Mcares.  after  his  lirst   olliccr,  w  ho  ex]iloied  this  coast 


1' 


'iillllll:IIMii  I  .mil 

I'  mil '  ll     iiiil'tlic 
,,  liMs  l.ini'iiiiitii 


lU  ■.;   I'l'nIM      illi^i'l 

111  I  WO  II    null"' 
•■\islhl.    :liill\ 


Westward  from  I'oint  llonilla  the  slioreliic  has  a  .treiieral  direction  west  half  iioilli  [W .  \  N.) 
iiii  iweiitN  two  and  a  half  miles,  to  Cape  li.'ile  l.iiiht  Iniiisc,  Eastward  the  shoreline  is  almost 
■-liai;;lil  to  itaci'  h'ocks  l,i;;ht  liinisi',  wi'si  li.ilf  north  [\\ .  A  N.)  fifty  and  a  half  miles.  In  forty 
miles  this  simre  is  hrokcii  oiil.\  hy  .San  .liian  ll.iihor;  the  shou'line  is  hacked  h\  hrokeii,  rock.' 
rlilf>  iisimPy  not  more  than  fitly  feet  liii;h.  and  hi'hiu.l  these  the  country  rises  in  lon^' slopes  t(. 
Iimii  iiioiinlMiii-.  that  reach  tin  I'c  llioii-.;iml  leri  in  lu'iulit  and  prrh;ips  more.  The  whole  is  densely 
w.'.mIiiI  Iroiii  shore  line  to  moiintaiii  top,  and  only  here  and  there  art'  there  any  si^ns  of  small  val- 
li'\sto  hrc.ik  the  uniformity  ot'  the  forest  of  firs. 

Tile  depth  of  wnter  alonj;  this  shiire  is  (|iiiie  ureal,  hill  iiol  eiptal  to  that  under  the  sontherii 
sliore  of  tin- strait,  from  r>onllla  I'oiiit  to  the  Soiiihrin  Kiver  the  teii-falhom  line  is  i;enerally 
less  III, III  half  a  mile  from  the  shore;  east  u  aid  of  ili.ii  ii  reaches  out  as  iiiiicli  as  two  miles  in  two 
]  ■laces  hi  fore  reaching;  Sheiiiiij;liaiii    roiiil,  w  lure   the  deep  water  a^aiii  comes  close   under  the 

rhlfs. 

\'essels  are  ,ipt  to  lose  much  of  the  w  iiid  w  hen  close  nm lei  either  shore;  and  the  eiirreiits  are 
^Imiiu.  hill  stroii^'er  under  Ihe  .\iiiiiicaii  side.  When  healiiiy  into  the  month  of  the  strait  we 
li.ive  loiind  a  stroll;;  ehh  eiirieiit  across  the  w  hole  hieadtl'  that  a\  ei  aLied  iiioie  than  three  miles 
I'l  lioiir.  The  deep  channel,  cans  in.u  o\ci  one  liiiiidrcd  fathuiiis  of  water,  which  comes  thrmi;,di 
liir  strait,  reaches  a  little  fariiier  west  than  roint  i'loiiilla.  and  then  turns  sharjilv  to  the  .soutli- 
'I'liiliwcst,  rnniiiii;;-  south  of  the  latitinie  of  Cape  I'latleiy. 

The  hinilfaU  heliind  I'oint  Honilia  is  tlic  iiioiinlaiii  callcil  "  llotiseCoiie,"  which  rises  to  a  heij^ht 
"I  two  thousand  live  hundred  feet.     II    is   se\en    miles   from   the  lU'arest   shore,  and  hears  north 


I 
f 

! 

0 


■.40 


rArii'K"  riAsT  I'n.oT, 


Iliiity-sovtMi  (Icfrrcos  iMst  (N.  .'{7""  I'',.)  iiiiu'  iiiilcs  IVoin  tlic  point,  anil  iiortli  thirty  tour  il 
(X.  M"  W.)  «'i;;lil  niilt's  tVoiii  Owen  I'oint  at  Pint  Sun  .liian.     It  is  in — 

I.;ltiliiilc    I-     v.".!     Ill     II, 


i'j;iri's  West 


l.iill;;ilMi|i' 


1-Jl    :!■.'   :iii 


I'oiiil  Hiinilld  l.iijht  houxe. — The  siti'  \viii<'li  lias  Ix'cii  sclcftt'd  li\  liic  ( '.maiiiiiii  ( !■ 
lor  a  lijilil  lioiisc  at  tins  puiiil  is  on  a  pron'ctioii  of  liir  laml  a  little  to  tin-  wt'slwanl  ol 
wlu'ic  a  laiiilin'^  can  lu'  scciiit'tl. 


'\i  tiiiiMin 


I'     IliMlll. 


Mh 


*»!     i    i\ 


A   ! 


rour   SAN    .MAN,  VAN<(H"Vi;U    ISLAND. 

This  is  the  tirst  lircak  in  tl'c  nnilnrin  sliori' liiir  o"'  llic  noitli  sliuic  of  tlicSiiii;  ,>\  in,., 
insiili'  tlio  cut  ranee.  The  niithlle  of  the  mouth  of  the  port  hears  north  I  ueiil  \  sev  en  ile;;icc,  c.is' 
(N.  L'T  '  I''.)  thirteen  anil  a  tliinl  miles  tVoin  Tatoush   l^lainl  l.i;j;ht  house. 

The  month  is  one  anil  three  fourths  miles  wnle,  ami  the  harltor  muiiitalns  a  u  nil  h  ui  (.n,.  ihmI 
a  i|naiter  miles,  with  a  ^eueial  iliieelion  imrllieast  liy  iiorlh  tor  four-  miles  to  liie  liiail.  Sn  ih, 
liarhor  is  hroail  open  to  th.-  heavy  soMthwe-l  swells  of  winter. 

Tatoosh  Islainl  I,i;;ht  lioii>e  is  plainly  visible  from  the  harbor.  When  the  port  is  sem  iicm 
the  elit  ranee  of  I  lie  si  I  lit  in  clear  weathel .  bill  with  all  tlu'  lii^rli  wooiled  iiionnlaiiis  of  \  .iin  mi,,  i 
Island  in  elonil,  the  enliance  lo  San  .Iiiaii  Harbor  is  like  a  broad  p.issuLie  between  hii^li  «,i,„i|.,| 
hills  on  eaeli  side,  while  in  the  east  ward  is  seen  t  he  depression  throii;;li  which  the  .'^oiiilii  ii  K'ui  ■ 
eoiiics  tVom  the  iiurlli  and  eastw.iid. 

The  two  points  at  the  eiil  r.iiiee  iif  the  port  lie  west  half  siuitli  and  east  halfiiorili  linmijili 
other.  That  to  the  west  is  named  Owen  Point  :  it  is  a  low  roeii.v  point  with  risiii;;- wooilnl  .:i,.iiii,| 
In  hind  it.  Outside  of  it  a  little  more  than  two  hundred  yards  there  is  a  low,  llal  mcl,  .1  <.(>/,  u 
lii^h  water.  It  is  named  Owen  iJoek.  The  eastern  point  is  named  San  tltian  :  il  is  a  low  nukv 
(trojeetion,  and  the  land  rises  very  slowlv  behind  il. 

Inside  of  this  point  and  niidtr  the  north  west  shore  of  the  bay  foul  i;ronnd  and  rocks  c\iiiii|  !,m 
a  mile  to  the  norlhcasi.  Oin  sinihi  11  rocA  \iNible  at  the  lowest  tides  lies  ii'.lhe.isl  i|iiail.i  1  ;s; 
(NIC.  1  I"..)  ei;;lit  hniidicd  yards  troiii  the  point  and  two  hmidicd  .iiid  sevciitN  li\e  vaiils  tiuin  llic 
nearest  shme.  .\boiit  tun  liuiidrei'  .ml  lil'i>  \  aids  oil  1  side  of  I  In'  poiiil  low.iids  ( 'ape  I'lalli  r\  I  In 
Olisirrntiirii  li'iiil,s  are  lii;;li  piiinuelcs  with  tun  or  Ihice  I  iccs  j^iow  iiiu  on  llieiii.  ."-iiii.illci  i.ick^in 
elo.se  outside  the  pinnacles. 

Inside  the  point  aiioiil  a  lliiiil  of  a  mile  and  two  I died  and  tifly  yards  olf  llie  recks  s||,  |,• 
t  here  is  anoi  hci  red' pai  tl\  oat  of  the  wild  :    it  is  named  llic  I  l.iiiiniond  1,'cct'. 

The  Nliores  of  the  ba.\  aie  sleep,  lii;:li,  and  rock>  ,  and  bickcd  b\  liea\ily  timbered  lulls  mik! 
iiiomitains.      In  vers  ciear  weallni  il  is  dilliciilt  to  distiii^rnish  theeiitianec   at   a   disiaiicc.  imlrvs 


one    is    ,ici|n,iiiitcd    willi    tlic    localil.\,    luit    in    model  ,ilel\    lia/.,\    Wr 


alliei   I  he  indcnlal 


inn   l>  I'.liliU 


made  out. 

The  head  of  the  lia\  leiiiiiiiates  in  a  sli;:ht  leccdm;;  beach  ol  iiinddy  sand.  Into  the  niiiUinii 
most  an;;le  ot  the  ba>  f  he  ( iordoii  llivcr  einpl  ies  iliroii;;li  the  northwest  end  of  I  he  ImmcIi.  dn 
this  river  is  a   l,iry:i>   Imli.in   \illaL.'c  called   Onisni.ih.'     t'oopcrlnlcl  opens  into  1  he  iiorll.ci-.iir!i 

ailjile  of  the  l>a\    al    thesonllieasi   end  of  the  bcaeli.       \  cl  \    small  co.istel  s  y  enter  Ihcse  Mir.iiii^ 

towaids  hi-h  water,  and  tind  ileplh  and  shelter  within,      .\cioss  the  entrance  ol  llu'  poii  a  tli]ili 
of  ten    falhonis   is   found,  except    near  Oliscrvatory    Pocks,*    elo.se  to  which  .seventeen  I, illieiiis  .1 

wal«'r   is    loiind.     Oiilside   II nti.ii to  the  jiort    wc   liiid    from  lift eeii  to  twenty  lallioln-.  n'' 

inside   tlie    boltoin    is    veiy    ie;;nlar    111    se\eii    to   t.'li    f.ithnins  up   to  the  held,  w  here  it  diri.  .-!> 
eveiilv  to  four,  within  half  a  mile  of  the  beach  at  the  head,  from  which  a  tl.it  extemlsoiit  si\  Imu 


died  \ai( 

III    locks,   a!id 

Weather   a    liea\> 

fathoms. 


Tiie  bollom  is  line,  miidd\    sand.      The  eastern  side  of  the  poi 


It  has  II 


s|    lllllllllrl 


a  mill  cliannel  course  clears    cm 


r\tliiny;    well.      In    moderately    heaxy    soiiilnil) 
rolls   slrai,i;lit    in,   and  the   .swell   breaks   when  il  reaches  depllis  ol  li'iii 


.Miliiiiij;li  il  is  priiliiilili'  iiM'swj  Willi  (jddil  i;r"iiiii|  Imkli'  we 


nil)  mil'  nut  :i  uMr  il' aiiilmrri'   111  tin-  in 


-l-li. 


\i:n  I,  II  In  I 


t\  no   iiiraiiM   rcrodiiiin 


iliil  III  niiiiiiii  lliii.  "'Ill  iiiiy  iiiiliialiiiii  iilMu  11  wralln  r,  Iml  Iuvmi- 
iliiili  l.\.  iiiiil  11' oiiUmihI  IhmiiiiI  liiKi'i'U  Bliilhr  in  Nii:ili  ll.iy.  Ilir  rtilr.iTiii-  In  «  li; !;  Iir.ir.s  liniii  San  .lintii 
wiv.t,  li  11  iiinl  :i  liiili'  1,1,1,  ,  ilisiaiii.     li.>,ii|  ainliniie^.'  wi 


II  111-  I'nniiil    aliiiiit    iiiir   iiiil    a    ijiiailii  iiiili-i  Innii  111'' I  ■ 


till'  I. 


i\.  Willi  ihMii  Ihlaiiil  lir.i 


fatliiiiiis.     1  li'ii  lianls.^ 


lin^  MiiillnMNl,  anil  A'l.'    Ili.nl.  mi  tin'  n|>|" 


'A<liiiirall\    .  I. ..It,    l-i: 


II.-  -Ii.iiv,  1m 


anil;;  ' 


U'*'  '  h' 


"■'     !■<    Scili    III, III 
ll>  ol'  \',Hm  mil,  I 

i>    lii;.'ii    \t ||.,| 

I'  Siinilii  i,>  |,'n,.| 

imrili  I'll. II,  ,  ,i,|| 

WlKllllll    -I, ,1111, 1 

I    Idck  «/'i,iv/,   II 
I  IS  ;i  \i>\\  ii,i  Ki 

I'llrks  l'\li  lui  !,,] 

isl  i|M;n  i.  i  I  , 
^:imIs  IViiiii  il. 
pi'  i'l:ltl.i\  III, 

llllllIlT   lill'k>  llr 


lii'Icil    liill>  ,i: 
Ishllicr.    iDil,'.- 
illiiiii  |>  i,,i,lii\ 

i>  till'  Imi  ■  III  I! 
Ill'   lir.li  II        (!• 
I'  imlllii'.i'.i,  I 
■   1  Ill'Sf  .sIliMlli- 

'  jMii  r  ,[  ilij  ; 
I't'll  hlllioiii-,  , 
.■  t'.itlmii,-.  ,i:  ' 
If  II  ill  i 
l.s  mil  M  \  lit!: 
'  li'iisl  iiiiiiiliii 
i\y  Miiillii  il; 
ji'liij,.  ,.■   '  'I- 


ir  llMxtnlli'il,  ri'' 
lowilyli    null'. 
It  ,hiun  MMi' ',  I  . 
IVoin  IIm>  1  .    ' 


«      ! 


1   ^ 

^ituiffl'' 

■ 

fflHi' 

fflBBBjl       ; 

^   1 

ii 

V 

li 

'  i ' 

1 

i 

.  .JVJ^'J^ 


-*;>«■'—.•■! 


'•-■^JBk^  ■ 


'■«<*»?■■ 


■/?^ 


•'*vii; 


:,  V  ■iM'^:~'"'  ■■  '■  :■,  I'  ■:r>f'''*v*'-:'l-''"'^'"'  ^i'f'^r-^v'^f?'''^''""' 


roiiit  li.millii,  N.  by  K.  J  E..  lOJ  miles. 


'"^j^'j^»i';'jgrja^!ei%w^wiiiM&^iiiiiJ 


'tmM^^mff'-  WiT'^'n"--^^ 


Western  (  oast  of  Vaucoiivor. 


-c^mxn^^ "-=— " -a^-g^fc*?^-  ■  *--  ■^^-    -^^f^^fT^- 


•  /...?^%i^.^- 


—  --s-ii^fTr- 


.%■'.- 


Owen  Point,  NE.  i  E,,  17  miles. 

San  Juau  Harbor. 


:--,  t 
^v?' 


?•  .:s- 


'6':-";rS#!^''"       "*''--~^--  .  Tx--.    -Vj-r 


ySS??*i.- 


r"-:/^v  .■ 


>*. 


'--'■.  -W 


-i^ag:iwy^:jg!Ffl?>i^'IS|ltg^^^ 


R' 


lileg. 


^.,*..,.^... 


.^i-TBt; '■■''■■ 


^W^gifefiiat at?a :  -     ^p^b^g^y^^^MLsa^^^fTi^j^yJTa 


Western  (  oast  of  Vancouver. 


i|  ['I'S,.- 


mi' 


ili'l 

'■  i^-  ^ 

Mi  *iM< 

•■    !]^   :H 

14' ' 

1 ' 

! 

J:|  :, 

■  ■!■ 

'i'li'i 

;        <$ 

1     1, 

i 

I'Aciiir  CMAST  i'ii,or. 


541 


I'Im'  <'iinsiirt,  I'oMiicrl.v  a  siipiil.v  sliip  in  llu-  [Jiiilvd  Sditcs  Kx|>l(iriii';  Kxpcdilmii,  diilU'il  inlo 
.1,1- viciiiit.\  in  a  riiliii  and  anrliort-d,  and  a  lar},'C  swoll  coming  in  witlioni  uii.v  winil  slio  parted 
lii'i  cliains  ami  was  lost. 

riic  cspciicncc  nC  tin-  American  Inndier  vessels  sailing'  tn  this  strait  warns  tlu'tn  in'Ver  to 
.iiijio.uli  llie  noitliein  slnne  of  tlie  entianee,  lor  tlu^  peenliar  set  of  tlie  euiients  and  tlu'  lar},'e, 
li(.u\  swell  wliieli  m'lH  ii|i  without  wariiinj,'  and  in  a  culni,  {^ives  iliem  small  clianee  from  {loing 
jslitn-e.  We  liiive  expel ieneed  an  enormous  swell  eoniin;;  into  the  eulranee  to  the  strait,  with  a 
slKiii^'  eurienl  runnin;;-  out  on  the  lai';;e  elili  and  not  a  hn-alli  of  air. 

flie  api>roxinuite  {{eo^jraphieal  position  of  the  Observatory  Hoeks  is — 

l-atitmlr Is     :;i'  ;!(('■  ikiHIi. 

liUllHilllllc r.'l       V'S'     l.'l"   WCMt. 

Mcares,  in  ITSS,  first  noted  this  lia.v  in  Ins  map,  and  ealled  the  western  head  I'oint  llawks- 
,in.  II  was  entered  li.\  <,>iiimiier  in  I7!K>,  and  named  VA  I'nerto  de  San  Juan;  N'aneonver,  in 
M.n .  I  Tit-',  sireti'hed  over  to  this  shore  and  plotted  it  on  his  chart  with  the  nanu- 8au  .Inan,  which 
I,,  nil  rwaid  learned  from  (Quadra.  It  has  I'ctained  <^»ninipei"s  name.  It  was  surveyed  by  the 
I  iiiii'il  Slates  Kxploriuj;  l''xpedilioii  in  ISIl,  and  by  Kellelt  in  ISI7. 

'\']ir  iiKisI  liiii  idntinuil  fiiiiii  INii't  San  .luan  is  almost  nnbriikeii  to  Sherrin^hain  I'oint,  distant 
nMhiy  three  and  a  half  miles  exactly  east.  The  shore  is  moderately  low,  rocky  dill's  without 
I.I  ,11  h,  and  backed  by  densely  wooded,  risin;;  hills. 

It  is  notable  that  there  ai-e  no  bri;;lit  elilVs,  but  the  forest,  ('(tines  down  to  tin)  water's  ed};e ; 
iiMJ  I  here  appears  no  si^^ii  of  pxicnsive  forest  (ires. 

I'lurith iici-  Corv  is  a  slijfht  indentation  nearly  three  miles  east  of  I'oinI  San  Jnan.  It  is  open 
It.  fill'  Miiith  southeast,  and  al  its  head  receives  a  small  monntaiii  stream.  It  is  only  lit  for  boats. 
jiiiir  a  mile  outside  of  it  tloMleplh  of  water  is  twenty  I'allioms. 

Siiiiiliiid  Cure. — Al  seven  and  a  (juarlcr  miles  east  from  I'liinl  San  .liiaii  is  the  easlern  point 
III  I  icci'ssion  of  the  shore-line  for  half  a  mile  to  the  ninthward.  It  is  a  bi;;lit  bi'oad  opeii  to  the 
Mill  ill  ward.  It  receives  a  small  stream  caUcd  Soinbrio  lliver,  coiiiin<;'  in  from  the  east  ward,  oil'  the 
iiiiiiith  iif  which  is  an  extensixe  icef.  There  is  a  depth  of  ten  I'alliDUis  within  half  a  mile  of  this 
i.il.  I'rcPiii  llie  eastern  jMiint  of  this  co\e  the  twcnl.\  fathom  line  bei,'ins  to  strelch  olf  shore 
in.ii  Iv  I  wo  miles  anil  I  hen  runs  eastward  ncai  ly  parallel  u  ith  the  shore  lo  abreast  the  opening'  of 
liii' .liiiilan  lliM'i',  when  it  moxes  into  Sheniii^ham  I'oint. 

I'liere  is  a  small  rocky  islet  close  In  'he  point  of  the  Sombrio  ImljIiI.  Two  or  three  miles  east 
111  Snmbrio  Itiver  there  is  a  piece  of  broken  and  exposed  clilV,  and  this  is  not  a  usual  I'catnre  alorijr 
ilii'  iiiii'th  shore. 

llie  /I'iccc  ./<)(■.'/((»  is  scxentceii  and  a  half  miles  east  fidin  I'oinl  San  .Inaii,  and  nearly  six 
iMiIrs  \sesl  from  Shcrrin;ihain  rojiit,  with  an  inlermcdiale  jiitinl  projectiu:;  oiusiile  of  Sherriii;; 
ii  1  I  roint.  The  river  is  said  lo  be  a  coiisitleialile  strean  niiiiiir  li'oiii  the  hi.nh.  wooded  hills, 
.iihl  ihere  are  lar;;e  deposits  o!  abraded  malerial  on  each  sule  of  the  cnlrancc. 

\  essels  working;  up  the  sirail  al  ni<;lit  and  bonnil  for  N'icloiia  or  the  Canal  ile  llaio  nnisl  be 
1,111  III!  Mill  to  approach  the  iiorlli  shore  so  as  lo  sliiil  in  llace  Island  li;;ht  by  liceehey  Head. 
I  111-  liuhl  is  lirst  visible  jnsi  \\cs|«:iitl  of  Shell  in.uham  I'oint. 

Nearly  three  miles  wesi  of  Sherriii;,'liam  I'oint  there  is  an  nnnanicd  point  projecl  in;;'  out  wlien 

I  Mssil  is  closi^  inshore;   the  shore,  recedes  half  a   mile  on   the  west    side,  anil  a  hill  lies  nearly  a 

II  ill   III  the  iKU'thwai'd. 


I 


1 


, 


m.  i 


I 


KlIi:KIvIN(ill.\M    rolN'l',   VANCOrVI'.K    ISl.A.Nll. 

This   is  .i   rocky  iioini  wilh    rocks   under   il,  and  very  diep  water  williin  a  ([iiarler  of  a  mile. 


I  i'<   )<ii  i\  I'atliom    Mm 


ithin   less   than   half  a    mile   from   the   point.     It    is   thirty  three  mile: 


iili  si\l  V  seven  decrees  eas 


t  (N.  <17  '  K.)  Il 


Tail 


Island  liiL'hi  house,  and  almost  abreast  of 


I  iil.ir  I'oint,  from  which  it  bears  north  thiiteeii  decrees  east  (N.  l.T  I'"..),  distant  twelve  miles.  It 
I  ii'ii  iiiler\i.sdili)  with  liact^  Island  l.ieht  house,  but  the  distance  of  the  laitcr  is  sixteen  miles 
I'M  Ml  li^lity  one  de;,M('es  east  (N.  .SI  '  H 


f 


leie  IS  a  sharp  rocky  rnl^fe  cov( 


red  with  feru  one  hundred  and  lifty  to  two  hundivd  and  lifty 
lie  rnnninL;  northward  from  the  point  fiU'  abonl  three  fourths  of  a  mile,  and  risiiij;' to  a 
i  1  i.:lil  of  live  hundred  and  sixty  f(et  ;  il  has  a  sharp  ;:iilch  on  each  side,  and  therefore  slamls  out 
I'l'iMiinentlv  and  is  notable  fnuii  seaward.     Two  or  threi*  miles  lo  the  northwest  of  the  point  then' 


M'> 


I'Acikk;  cuAsr  i-inn. 


is  ii  liiv;lt,  <lt'ii."<»'l.v  \v«.(m1c(1  iiMMiiitaiii.      \ti\   ri«i|iii'iill.v,  in  iniMsiii;,'  tlii(>ii;,'ii  llir  striiil,  nil  ili 
part  of  llic  IuikI  om  citlici'  Hiiif  » ill  Itr  rliMr,  Iml  ijir  ninmitaiiis  w  ill  Im-  liiililcii  in  cIdihI. 

I'liis  |iiiinl,  IidIIi  tor  its  lu'i;.'lil  and  tlii'  iiaic  tid;;!',  is  inure  imiaiilc  tlian  Ilit-  |Hiiiit>  t 
and  to  till'  \M'sl. 

Kastwai'd  nl  Sli('niii;;iiani  I'oiiit  the  slioit-  icrt'dt-s  n<'aii\  nut-  nnli'  lo  llic  noi  ih  in  .1  \, 


H  I'll    1,1:^1 


1114  >i\\\cl 


K'  illir 


to  OlliT  I'liinl.  w  hull  is  a  lililr  itMT  loiii' mill's  I'ast   liall'  iimili    I'min   lli<-  tuiinii.     Oni 

llii'sr  |Miiiils  liii' dcjitli   of  waltT  icatjifs   Iwciil.v   raliinins,  init  dcci(M.-r>   i,i|iidl\   In  lliirf  1,1,  ii,,!,,. 


wliii'ii,  (III  t  .<■  i'ast\\.ii'd  siilr  III'  till'  |iiiiiit  and  williin  mii'  and  a  hall   inilrs  nl'  Oiii  r  rnii'l, 
l\M>  t!iiid>  III' a  mill' iilV  shiMi'.     In  a  niiic  and  a  hall' ra-t  iit°  Siirninuhain   I'mni   ll 


lli'ld  III'  ki'lp.     Two  III'  llin  T  siiiall  sirranis  nili'i  this  Imiad  lii;;lil. 

It  is  a  i|iii'stiiin  wlir'iiii'i' 4(tiiiin|iri  aiirliiiird  lirii' in  IT'.M);   il  so,  Shri  i'in;;liaiii  ruini 
i!:^aii  I'lnsi'liin,  ami  (MIri  Point  was  naipi'd  San  Antniii". 


I'  .irlii'ii 

M'll'     is    ,1     -111, ill 


«as  iiiiiicil. 


nril'.i;    I'nlNI.    SdiiKI.    I'.AV,    V  A  NCdfVKI!    ISLAND. 


■I       t 


■  I  '.'    If 


'f 


This  is  a  sliarp.  rorlv.v  pmiit.  ainiind  w  liii'li  aii'  rlustcri'd  a  };iH(d  manv  I'orKs ;  I  nit  iiiii-.ii|.  ihi  -^ 
daii;;ris  ihi'  Imttnm  iliiips  111  iwi'iit.v  rathiiiiis  in  Irss  lliaii  a  third  ol'  a  mih'. 

Itrhind  this  pniiit  tlir  land  rises  in  a  hill;:,  wiiiidcd  ri(l;;i'  riiniiiii;;  iioi'tliward,  Inn  11  .  ;i,,t 
iii'ar  sii  piiiiiiiiiriit  a  pnint  as  Shi'irin^lMiin.  imr  so  lii;;ii. 

Ih'tNM'i'ii  <  H  Irr  roiiil  and  Siiiitary  l>l.iiid  tlii'  roiiisi'  is  rasl  Ihii'i'ipiaitrrs  mnlli  Ini'  linii  .iii,| 
tliiri-  I'oni  (lis  mill's,  and  on  this  liiii'  tlii'  di'pth  uC  watri  is  as  miii'h  as  tliirlv  livr  lathoiiis.  Inn  i|r. 
rri'asi's  rajiidlv  towards  thi'  short'. 

i.ast  III'  till'  point  tlirii'  is  a  modi'iatrly  di'rp  lii;;lil.  wliii'li  at  its  I'asti'ni  aii;i;l<'  Ini'in-  ilm 
i-nliaiii  T  to  SooKi'  InU't.  It  is  lalhil  Sooki'  r>a\,  and  at  I  wo  and  tlircr  ipiartcrs  mill's  imi  iIh  iq, 
I'loiii  (lUcr  I'oiiit.  in  till'  di't'pi'st  part  ot'  tin-  liav,  tlirrr  is  a  ;,'oi>il  wati'iiny;  plai'i'  at 
till"  tliHs. 


'IV, ll,     ;i 


It  is  ipiitc  iirolialiji'  that  this  was  tlio  imint  San  Auto;       of  (,)nimp('r  in  l7!Ht. 

X'i'ssi'ls  may  anrlior  in  this  liay  in  liiir  wratlu'i  in  i'i;;lil  to  ti'ii  rathiims  ol'  watrr  at  hall   <  1 

I'loin  till'  sliorr,  imt  tlirn-  is  ri-porii'd  to  lie  a  rorky  pali'li  a  littir  over  hall' a  mih'  lo  ihr  .  i->; 
northrasl  ol'  (Mtrr  I'oiiit  witli  a  di'pth  ol'  lixi'  i'athoms  iiisidi'  ol'  it.  In  Iravin;;  this  lia>  .1  \r^M| 
innst  lia\i'  pli'iily  ol'  wind  and  liavr  watrhlnl  raii-  tor  tlii'  rnrrriits. 

•,>iiiiiipi'r  aiii'liort'd  in  this  liiirht  on  tlir  Ultli  of  .Inly.  I7!M».     ||t>  ;;av('  it  no  naini'. 

SKiiKK     IM.l'.T,     VA.MOI  VKU    LSI. AM). 

I'lciMi  Slirrriii;;liam  Point  to  Kcii'iii'y  llradihr  distanct'  is  elfvcii  and  oiii' loin ih  iiiiir^  iii.l 
till'  lieaiin;,;  r.ist  lialf  iioiih.  \Vi'  lia\r  alrrai|,\  drscrilu'd  tlio  imlriitations  lirlwci'i;  .Shell  ii'uii. hi 
Point  and  (liter  Point  and  Ixtweeii  Ot'er  Point  and  Seen'taiy  Island.  In  the  eastern  nn  Ir  .1' 
the  1. liter  iiideiii.it  ion  is  the  month  of  th((  very  crooked,  nairow  eiitrance  eailed  .SnoKi  !i.i 
leadiii;;  to  the  lar;;e  land  loekcd  sheet   of  water  named  Sooke  Itasiii.* 

( •lie  mile  to  the  southeast  ward  of  this  en  I  ranee  tliere  is  a  lar.ue  roeky  islet,  known  as  .s, , .  ■/.,/ 
/.s7(7,  Ixiii;;  apparently  one  width  or  one  liiindied  and  lifly  yards  oil  the  rorky  from  1!  ;'  ''■ 
I'os.sis.iion,  lint  in  leality  it  is  four  hniidred  yaids  olV.  As  seen  from  the  strait  it  is  a  lnown.  ",i;' 
islet  risin;.^  witli  Imi;;  slopiiiy;  sides.  It  has  a  roeky  faie  and  a  lower  point  on  the  outer  m  ~''i'h 
Hide.  There  are  liiishes  ami  low  sernli  on  the  eastern  side,  and  on  the  sonthwi'sl  slope  tlni.  i' 
no  Imi^Iji's.  The  l'',ii;:lisli  eliart  says  it  is  one  hniidred  and  twent\  feet  hi;,'li,  hut  it  does  imi  n  i  1 
so  lii;^li.  Tlii'ie  is  ili'e|i  watii  close  to  till'  oilier  sidi'.  and  even  lietween  it  and  the  point  iImh  - 
II  depth  of  twinly  tive  fathoms. 

This  lar;:i'  islet   is  a  ;.;ooil  landmark   for  making,'  the  Sooke  Inlet   from  the  west  :  tin  i'       > 
liiokeli   liii;:lil  yellow  ilitV  eslimaled   lo  lie  from  i'i;,dity  to  one  hniiiiied  feet    hi;:li  west  w  ai'l  ' 
inlet    and   about    aipiailer  milt'   Ion;,'.     As   there    is   no  other  hare   liroken   clilV  on  the  im':     ' 
side  of  the  strait   exei'|it   two  or  tliree  miles  east   of  .Soinlirio  Hixir,  this  mark  is  iiolaMi'.     I     ■''■ 
this  yellow  elilVa  low  sand  Hpit  makes  out  northeast   for  half  a  mile  across  tlm  eiilraiiic  I"  ""    " 
Inlet.     To  the  eastward  ol'  this  spit  is  tlii'pussa;ie  which  is  only  one  or  two  hmidied  y  .nil  ' 


with  an  iirei.'iilar  roeky  liotlom  and  some  sunken 


Till'  I'liirents  inn  with  ;;ri'at  v  1 


and  a  llioioii;,'li   knowle«l;it!  ofthe.se  and   the  channi'l   is   necessary  to  enter  this  |ilai'e. 

"  Ailiiiir.illv  rli.irl.    L-17.     'Ilii'  |iiiiiiiii'iialii>ii  nf  llii'  iianir  .SmiKr   i,s  i-MU'll.\   llial  dI'  llin  i:iigh.',li  wiml 
Till'  liiilKiii    \Miiil  iK  I  'miI>. 


W 


mil.  :ill  III.'  i,,M,,, 
<'liiii(l. 
|)iiiiils  til  I  ill'  I'a.sl 

ll    III   ;i   lull;  rill  ^,1 

!■•      <  '11  I  III'  iiiir  III 
I"  llilvi'  l.i.liniiis 

<■'      I'OII'I.    ll.ll'lllJ 

IlK'ir    i>  ,1    .|ii,,|| 
I'lHIII    U.|>  ||,|||||.(I 


lull    Olll^hl,'  l|||.^,j 

ili'd,  lint  II  s  |„,| 
(Hill  Idi  luiii  Hiny 

flltllOIIIS.  Illlt  lli'j 


an;;l;'  liii'iii^i  IJi 

S    lllilcs    l|llll||,',|^|< 

n'f  at   a  liic.ilv  'III 


.   ^ 


It'i'  at  li.ili  .1  iiii:ii^ 

llillc    111    till'    I  ,|n|. 

this  li;i\   ,1  \r>M.l| 

mil'. 


rnllllll   llllil'.s  ;ll|ili 

I't'll   .Sill i  I  llii;||,||||| 

cMStcl  II  ailv'll'  nil 

llcil     .SlKlNc    lllll't 


own  as  s,(  n hiijil 
y  fniiii  I'l  l''^llltl 
is  a  \)\i\\\  II,  li.iii? 
ic  (inter  or  M';itlil 

it   sldjlf   Illi'lr  lllnj 

it  (Iocs  iml  -ri'iiij 
lie  |)i>iiil  llnir  i.il 


:,    S 


Wi'Sl  ;  llii'l'i'  I-.  .l| 
ui'sl  w  iinl  I'l  Mil'] 
(III  llir  liiilMii'l  ll  j 
^  iiiilalili'.  i'l'iiiil 
iitraiicc  111  S'liiKi' 
Ircd  \ai(l^  '.<  i'lf.  j 

ll    •XVVAt    \i  JM.  Il\, 
jiImcc.       W'li'  !i  ii  I 

Lrll.'^il  udi.l 


-  —        mpwj.    ■  :j-  . 


•■  v^miatsFBX'. 


«»iK»ftS?I"''*4l 


HIierriiigliBiii  I'nint  (or  lieyond),  W8W.,  IB  miluH. 
Otter  PoiDt. 


'^^■X>^. 


»***«*»  ■■^:-■^:^A'!!lWSS£iS!l 


•I''"*!,. 


■■V*^.-jjJ^;,     ;V,;(„J 


8h(4pli<T(l  Mouiiliiili.  81.'0  foot.        Uiit;lil  (.'lirtH. 
8Moke  Iiilvt. 


!«?:'■'•.•. 


"*''»5..» 


32^. 


,...%- 


■"'>  -^ivI^iH.-... 


..-'.'■^'" 


■'^i 


■  --:;;-3fflft|^il 


BaoherBay.    Secretary  lalaud.       CapeChurob. 


g^-  i)j|iwlHMCTHiBBgJUigi!Li>i.l-'"  f^^^lw^^J^ijTgMVi 


Mount  Miles. 
Beechey  Head,  NK.  l.y  E.  i  E.,  Ifi  miles. 


.„..%- 


■"i^-'   '^iv***.. 


Mount  Miles, 
E,  by  S.,95  miles. 


'*'  ! 


('    \\'{ 


*  II 


m 


*n-: 


i^Ai 


Mount  MiU'N.  N.  )  y..,-ii  umU'h. 


Koiiki?  Iiilnt. 


Vaiiuuuv<-r  Isliuid. 


-s......... 


Ill)  lit 


^., 


l«!.ii|<lfeMr,v':.    ',  •  -!^  '.  ■'.r.li'^i^'^B.. 


J  K  ,'.>i  Hi i !..(.. 


I'l'llllllik    l«l;in(i  (ciolill!.  hcwiii,] 


Niiilli  liiivk. 


l>'a'<-    Uni  Ks    l.i;.|||    h,. 


lIMr.  M:  In  |.     .,  „^^ 


McMHlt     Mllcd, 


H:u>-  K..,k«  l,i;;i,l    ||„,|s|..    (•:.  |,v  f 


N  ,-  11. il.' 


.V;?^^., 


*"i  ■■;>■■■ 


"Vt^v- 


ItlM   111  I    liiiV 


Mil. II, t  s\:,H. 


lli'MlllIlk    InLiiiil 


Kao-  IC. 


':&, 


11  !•  Kill  Ks  i.i;;iit  iiiMiMi-.  N i:  In  K.,:tii.i 


^  !|i. 


,.j      «  *^^tJ*^V 


'J.       "     . 


!(;    .    '     1 


^     } 


N  ,-ii.;l.> 


.•JKI". 


f  W 


!   ;, 


'•       <; 


M-   ii 


SiMikr  Irl>'l 


link  InUhU         Kh>''  K '•,<««  I. i^'liiti' 
Nt  |N  ,11  It'll.-.. 


I'A(!IIU;    (,'»>AST    I'lLOT. 


543 


ili'liHi  of  It'll  t':itln>iiiH  is  struck  olV  (ho  ciitriiiico,  a  Iii^'Ii  hill,  iiiiincd  ^[(iimt  MiiKiiiic,»  will  Ixnir 
;i1miiiI  imiilitMsl.  It  i^  iiiiif  liiiiidrcil  and  forty  firt  in  licifjlit  iind  is  i»aitially  covcicd  with  scnibity 
(i-A  iiio,  liMl  the  liari'  rock  sliows  distiiM^tly  in  many  jilaws,  and  this  ffaliin!  now  (■(iniiiii'iitH's  to 
(Ii>ll!i;;iii-^h  till'  southeast  part  of  Vancouver  Island.  The  I';n},'lish  cliart  of  the  inlet  and  basin 
will -ivc  the  necessary  directions.     When  tliu  survc,M:i.";  hrif;   VituntUrnij  was  in   the  liasin  slits 

IClMillll 

wc.-lein 


vc  the  necessary  tliret:tioiis.     When  tlio  surve,M:i.";  hrif;    VnnnUn'mj  was  in   the  liasin  si 
1  that  vessels  can  nt)t  fonie  out  with  any  wind  hlowiiif^.  Tiie  Wv^  drojiiied  out  close  untlt!rtlr 


[Miinl,  t>i  Whitfen  Sjiit,  liy  lieavin;;  tln^  aiu-lior  sliort  and  letting'  the  vessel  tlrop  wilh  the, 
ciuieiit,  and  keepin;:  steei'a;;t'  way  on  hei'  to  prevent  her  '^w\<i  on  Eiiliji  Lnltji  abreast  the  point. 
W  III  II  the  point  was  jiassed  the  vessel  was  warjicd  to  the  Imr,  where  there  is  only  two  and  atpiarler 
I.iiIhiihs  of  wilier  and  a  lielil  of  keli).  An  ad\i'rse  wind  spran;;'  up  and  the  vessel  had  to  anclior. 
The  place  is  only  adaiited  to  small  coastinj^'  \cssels  or  small  steamers.  'I'liey  may  anchor  oiitsido 
Ip  in  ten  fathoms  of  water,  or  in  an  c.mcr^^eiicy  run  in  and  anchor  in  the  little  basin  on  tliu 


llM'    L> 


iiurlii  .--n 


le  of  WhilVcn   Spit. 


Sciiike  Inlet  was  first  entered  by  (iiiim]ier  on  the  I'.ltli  of  .Inly,  IT'.M),  and  he  describes  it  very 
Ui'li.  lb'  sa\  s  il  alVorded  his  vessel  an  ailmirable  shelter.  On  the  I'.id  he  took  possession  of  tin; 
niiin;i>  in  the  iianie  of  the  Kiiij;  of  Spain  and  iiar-  . ,,  uns  I  my  I'.l  i'lierto  de  llevillo  (li^'edo.     lie 


il  !(>  be  lowed  out  and  then  to  anchor  off  th 


ICC  (III  aci'oiiiit  (if  calms 


}liiiiiil  MiKjidrc,  already  mt'iitioiiid,  is  (|iiile  a  laiidmaik  on  this  shore,  because  it  is  the  first 
iiiniiiitiiiii  made  on  the  Vancouver  coast  in  coniinj;  fnnii  the  westward  which  is  not.  covered  with 
.1  ihiise  j;rovvtli  of  the  ()ie;;on  lir.  It  is  nine  hundred  and  forty  feet  liij,di,  lies  only  out*  and  two- 
IliihU  miles  back  friMii  I'oint  Possession,  and  is  noticeable  as  bein^covered  with  scrub  oak  and 
,i;li.  1  >tiiiilcil  trees,  tlii(mt;li  which  the  bate  rocks  iirotrnde.  Il  lies  six  and  tlireefourtlis  miles 
\M>I  two  thirds  north  (U'.  -I    N.)  fiom  Kace  l>laiid   l.i;;litlioiis('. 


IlKI'.llll'.V    III,  \ll,   VVNCorVKK    ISI,.\M). 


■j'liis  is  the  roiindiii}:  rocky  point  nearly  live  miles  sonlli  sc\eiityseven  (le;;re('S  west  (S.  77'' 
\\ .  fiiiiii  Kace  Island  Li;;IiI  house.  It  rises  rapidly  from  the  water  to  about  three  liniidred  feet 
Willi  I  lie  pi  lie  forest  dense  oil  the  weslerii  side,   a  .scrubby  t;  row  ill  of  iiiiics  uii  lop,  and  b.  re  brow  n 


.Itches  showiiiLT  lhl'oll;;ll  the  trees  on  the  soiilli   face, 


'I'lierc  is  no  rock  olf  th 


ace  of  the 


Mill.      I'liree  miles  to  the  westward  of  it   is  the  entrance  lo  Sooki^  Inlet,    and  on  its  easlerii  side 
I'.ieclici  lia\.     r«('liiiid  il   the  'and   rises  |bi  two  ami  two  lliinls  miles,  in  .Mmiiit  Maf^nire.t  nine 


siliilici 


1  and  foit\    feel,  and  lyiii;;   iiorlhwesl    from    the   point. 


lie  shore  is  bare  and  roek,v  in 
pal'hes,  Willi  iipeiiin^sof  laud  co\eied  w  illi  fern  ami  desi  il  iile  of  lues;  anil  the  hmises  of  settlers 
Ai'  lierc  aii.l  there  located  in  iileasant  nooks.  Tlieliif^hcr  hills  are  wooded,  w  iili  baro  area.i  of 
link  shdwiii;;'  tlirou;,'h. 

<  Ml  ilie  head  the  depth  of  water  is\er\  ;,Meai  and  tweiil.v  fathoms  is  found  at  a  hiiinlied  .\  arils 
liiiiii  ilie  era;;};y  face  of  tlu^  jioiiit.  The  currents  are  very  stroiii^and  iiieuular  at  the  chaii,L;e  of 
|!ii-  ill 

i"ii(  jiiii^r  the  bold 
11. Ill  iiii'ii  carried  away. 

Ill  the  older  charts  , It  two  in  tliiee  miles  siiiilh  sonlheasl  (SSll.)  from    lieecliey    Head   deiitlis 


le.     In  this  vicinity  a  I'liited  Stales  re\  cniie-ciil  ter  diirinj:  densely  smoky  weather  lepinted 
•('  with  her  ll\iii^'  Jibboom,  and   only  struck   her  t'orefoot  after  the  Jib  bi»oui 


hnndrid  and  lifty  f.ilhoms  are  uiveii.  biii  the  latest   cvamin.itioiis  report  only  oir 


■I  


.iiiil  loiir  fathoms. 


hundred 


Tlie  a|ipid\iinate  ;;eo;'rapliic,il  |ios'lliiii  of  liccchcy  Head  i.s 


l,.iiiiiiili' 


I. 


iiiiili 


1-     IS    111  I    ii.irlli. 
I-,':;    :!',!  -y,    »rst. 


Il  was  named  alter  the  Mn^rbsli  ii.i\  i;;.iloi.  Capi.  I".  W,  I'iccchcy,  It.  N. 


i!Ki;iiir.i;  itw  \  am'iuvi'i;  i-i  \mi. 


riiis  ba.\  lies  to  the  easiwaiil  of  I'.ieehe.N  11  rail,  wilh  ('ape  (  liiiicli  or  Siiiitli  Head  ami  Ilie  n 


icUV 


Islil^iill  II    lot   lii;iikiiiLC  iheeaslein  pr 


il.      Tllesr  islcl.- 


'  'lyx   Cliiirdi  is  the  outer  point.      W C  esliiii.iled  il  ti 


uiMiiled  and  tianied  tlie  lltil/oil  lulits. 
two  hiimlied  and  tiflv   feet  liiuh,  wilh 


1.11  k\    Islel 


II  rocky  face,  tpiilc  sleep,  with  palchcs  of  pine  on  the  Hanks,  and  a  feu  pines  on  lop.     Two 
iiiiilcr   Ihcililf  tli.il  lliev   are  iml  disl  in;;uisliablc  lioiii  il    when  a  \essel  is 


s  are  so  close 


A'liiuialtv  cliall,   1-17 


I  '11  Ilie  Ailluir 


lilVili.llI,    I'.'ilT.   .il'  .•^■H>l>i'    Illlrl    llir   ll.llll 


il'  tills  iii.Miiiluiii  IS  Mi'tiilirr,  uiitl   till-  lieii^lit  j;ivi-ii  in 


I'lli'il    .'|M<I  l'>ll\    In  I. 


514 


PACIFIC    COAST    I'lLOT. 


onetirfwo  miles  oiitsiilo.  Ilcncc  for  one  mile  to  tlie  west  iiortliwesi,  to  Sniitli  llc;i.l.  ii,,,,  ,,„, 
tliree  or  lour  nick.v  islets.  The  outer  one  is.slioiit  twenty  tive  teet  lii;;li.  ami  Imre  nuK  ;  ih,  ml,,., 
one  is  hare  loek,  ami  li\('  or  ten  feet  lii^'Ii. 

The  entrance  of  this  lia.v  is  one  and  one  Ihinl  miles  wide,  ami  it  rnns  liack  wiili  the  >.iii..  mi1|!, 
for  oiM'and  a  half  miles.     The  shores  are  verv  roeky  and  .iaj;.i,'ed  and  ;,'uariled  on  ihc  r.i,i,  n,  ,j,|, 

li.v    nian.v   roek.v  islets.     Two  l.truc   islets  lie  in  the  nortUern  |i.irt  of  ijje  l>i\.      |'| i,,.  ,,,  ^\^ 

iiorthea.-t  an;;ie  is  l''ra/er  Island,  ami  thai  in  the  nortliwes'  is  Wolf  l-ianil.  Th.'  |ia^>a-e  I..  ili. 
aneliora;;e  is  between  these  two  islets.  Willi  Iwenlv  fathoms  cf  water,  and  after  passm-  I'ln/i  s 
Island  Ihe  eonrse  is  northeasterly  for  three  i|narteis  oi  a  n:ile.  where' aneliora;;e  is  hid  m  |,| 
fatliom.s.  with  the  center  of  Fra'^r  IslamI  lieaiiii;,'  sc  nth  southwest,  ilisianl  a  .|iiarii'i  n\  ;,  imi,. 

The  .>a\  is  inelo.sed  liy  rocky  hills,  bnt  it  eannit  he  recommended  as  a  nitod  .inehoia-c. 

It  ;ilViiIil»  1111  nrrat  slii'lliT.  \Mlli  a  s.iiiiIiit1>  ur  w  rsliily  >v  in  ',,  -iinl  vis-i|,<  out  «  anl  liiiiiiul  hail  lii'llii  nut. ,11;. 
Willi!  Ill  I'arn   Hay.  linn-  iiiiirs  In  llir  innili  imitliwr-il  nl'  ilir  Mm,-  |;  m  Us, 

VimmIs  luiiiiul  lip  till' strait  slioiiM  pass  tlir  laiiil  alimil  ItiTilii  .v  lliail  at  a  ilistaiirr  ut  I  wi'  iiiilis  il'  i!ii.  ,,],;.  ,, 
^;ii  iiiitsiili'  till'  li'acr  Islaiiils.      ( I.'irhanls. » 

Mount  Mills. — This  is  a  moderately  hi^;li,  nmml  topped  hill  lyiii;;'  williin  half  a  imie  1,1  ,|„ 
shore  just  east  of  t'.ipe  ("liiiich.  It  has  |iroliahly  heiii  hiiiiil  over  and  shows  no  trees  liir  i.*,, 
tliiuls  of  its  lieiu'hl  from  the  >iiiiiiiiil  on  its  southwest  f.ne;  hut  a  -.1  i.i^'i;liii;:  forest  in,  lh  i|,, 
westein  slope  moi"  than  half  wa\  up,  and  another  eliimp  on  the  mniiierly  side  in  ai  |.i  tin  siui; 
mit.  Il  is  a  leatiire  ■  .  the  a|iproaelii's  to  the  K'ace  loicks,  and  lies  two  miles  wesl  li\  nuiih  11,1111 
Uaee  Island  ',i;,'ht  house.     It  is  about  the  hnndicd  or  six  hundred  feet  liitrli. 

Till-;    1!A<I',    liiiCKS    dU    KACI".    ISLAND.    VV.NCdl'Vl'.U    ISLAND. 


""Ik  ' 


■;t 


1 


i 


'J'hese  small  roek\  islets  lie  close  oil  the  soni heasteriiinost  point  of  N'aiicoiiver  IsI.iihI  ,it  \\.' 
eastern  part  of  the  Sitait  of  I'nca,  wheic  it  opens  lowaids  the  noith  and  e.ist  to  iiearl\  dniililr  1', 
;;elieral  widlh.  .Vt  this  jioint  llie.\  seem  to  contiaet  the  wiillh  ol  the  ehannel  liill\  one  and  .1  f  ,  ; 
miles,  and  at  the  same  time  foiiii  a  daiiLCer  on  a  loiite  of  laij^e  trallie.  The  strait  is  laii  .1;  r 
narrowest  pari,  iieiiii;  oiil\  se\en  and  three  fourths  miles  wide  between  the  oiilermosi  ifui^ri  ii 
the  Kaee  Ijoeks  and  the  shore  line  at  Point  .Vn^'eles,  which  lies  south  by  east  h.df  ea.st  iliiiitliin 
From  the  Itaee  l.'oeks  the  shoreline  takes  a  northerly  direction  for  ei^ht  miles,  to  llsiiminili  tn.i 
Victoria  Harbors,  etc. 

This  cluster  of  small  roeky  islets  numbers  ahoiil  ten  prinei|ial    nies,  which  air  eiiilun  . .)  i;i  ., 
area  alMMit  oin'  mile  Ion;;  northwest  and  southeast  and  half  a  mile  wide.     They  are  ipiiic  luu.aihi 
the  lai;;erones  .ire  covered    with  ;;iass  but   without  trees  or  bushes.     'I'he  lary:est    is  alimii  Muv' 
linndred   .\aid>  in  e\teiil  and  l\\eiit.\   li\e   feet  above  the  sea.      The   innermost  islet  lies  li.ill  a  ini 
fioiii  the  nearest  point  ol  riintini  U  Is'   'id,  w  liich  is  a  low  wooded  island  one  mile  Ion;;  clus.   inili : 
the  N'aiieoinei  shore.     Tliroii;;h  this  hall  iiiile  passa;,'e  theie  is  very  broken  bottom  from  in  it\ 
si\  lathom.s,  with  stroii;.'.  iire^'ular  currents.     The  outermost  \isible  rock  outside  the  Ia;;lit  Iniisi'  - 
a  little  oNt-r  a  mile  from  I'.eiitinck  Island,  but  stretchin;;  soulheastwardl>  theretiom  tor  liaif  a  im, 
the   bottom  is  \fiy    irie;;iilai   with  two   points  of  f<uiil.in  nnhw.     Tiie  outer  one  of  llie.se  d.iliuiis: 
the  /i'(i»((/((//    /I'oi  A,  lia\  ill^  (Ully    tive  feet  of   w  ,  Irl    upon  it ;    II   hes  twolit'ths  of  a  mile  suiltlii   !-•  1., 
east  from  the  Li ),dit  hoii.se.     Outsitle  of  this  dai  ;,'er  the  depth  ol   w.iter  drops  olV  to  twfiit\  1 1' linn  ■ 
to  the  southward,  but  towards  the  east  lot  h.ilf  a  mile  a  rid;,'e  has  p.iitlall\  dexcloped  liaM.i;^  si\  i. 
ei;jht  fathoms  of  water  u|ion   it.     This  outer  soundin;;' of  eif,'lit  fatii.'i'is  is  four  lifthsol  a  iiiihi'.i- 
liy  south  two  thirds  south  (i;.  b>  S.      S.)  from  the  la;;ht  house. 

The  eurreiits  rush  around  and  throii;;li  ihe  islets  and  o\  ei    the  reefs  witli;;re.it  '. 
irie;:ularity  as  we  lia\e  measured.     In   li),'ht  airs  a  sailin;,'  vessel   must  ;;i\e  these  .1 
berth.  es|)eeially   if  the  iiirrent    is  ebb.  because   it    sets  stron;^ly   towards   them.     .^1      ..,     ■    • 
lia\e  drilled  Upon  the  roe  Is  in  a  calm,  and  there  is  little  chance  for  escape.     l*i  b.ul   acUIh  1  Ii 
ellirelit  I  Ips  ,ire  d.lllL'elons. 

There  i.s  kelp  ainou);  the  islets  mi  the  northwest  side  towards  lieiitinck  Island. 


i.Kiiir  Udisi';  ().\  Tin;  hack  kdcks. 


Th'-  tower  on  the  ^leat  itaee  Uoek  is  tile  fri'stiim  of  a  cone  lisiii;;  ahoiii  a  hiindrcMl  let » 

the  lock  and  one  hundred  and  eighteen  leet  above  lii;.;li  water,  and  si  me  the  l.si  d.iy  ol  ' ''  '  " 
t'Slil.  It  h.i.s  bei'U  p, tinted  in  allelli.ile  hoiiv.onliil  hl'.iu  I-  >  mis  of  lil.ick  and  while,  'iiiin  an-  Mm 
iiaiids  painted   black   and   I  wo   bands   wliite.     The  lanterii   and   li.x.iireH  are  iiainied  red.    ili 


mmmm 


tmm 


•lead,  iliciv  aiv 
'  I'"!-!';   Ml.   luii,., 

Ii  '111' sail, I   ',Mii||| 

I'll'  ''il^li  III  su\r 
I  ln'   (Pllr    III   111,. 

'•  passa^r  I,,  III,, 
I  passiii-  |.-,.,,,, 
^'<'  !•<  Iiail  111  (I'll 

lIlT  llf   .1    lllll,.. 
Illclllll,l_i 

1.1  l..'ii,i    >  ,„•  .,  |.,|, 

llll'^   if    Illl.DiliHj   ,,, 

til'  a  mill'  1,1  ,|„. 
iiii  Irccv  iipi- 1  ui 

lll'^l     Ill's    I'll     III, 

Ileal  In  III,,  sum 
<l  liy  Mill  III  11,1111 


.■<■!■   I.sj. lllll  ,11  111,, 

u'ail>  iluiiM,'  ;'> 

V   dill'  ;lli,l  .1  I,  ,.| 

lit     Is     lll'IV   ,11    lis 

'llllD.st   i!,ili;;i'l  III 

I'a.st    lllrlcll,iMi. 

•  I'i.siimiii.ili  iiiiii 

Cllllll.lll  '1    111    ,1,1 

■»'  ijllitr  Inn.  :i:ii| 
-t  is  aliniii  ilirci' 
■  lic.-i  hall  a  mill' 
Ion;,'  ciiis,'  iiiiili  I 
III  rioiii  iiiiii\  i(, 
If  l,i;;lil  iiiill.scis 
I  I'di  half  :i  inili' 
lic.sc  il.ii!  ',  r.  !.- 
lilc  .s,.lll  I., 

twi'iiiv   : 

i.-llh.iv 

lis  lit    a  M;i!i  r.i-; 


(lljuipic  Kuiijjd  in  ctiMulH  .Stri|,ml  I'.'ak,  I 

li.ii'i,' 
S   l,v 


-di^,, 


',110  foot,  7  iiiilos. 

lOllMO,  \V.iN.,|  IIIJlM. 


!' 


■f. 


ca!   ■  ' 

•   Whir 
,s.,i,ni.;    ws.M'l 

hmI  well  111  i  till- 


'm^^^mk- 


ffe 


jH-r-  •^.^..j 


lllVll     I.Ti       

il.l.V  111'  O'ImI" 

Tlicii'  an-  till' 
iiiicil   ri'il      I' 


l^ll■l^^<   Ij^llt    i" 

•  I'.,  i  i:,,  1+  inilo 


.-..    ,.  ..  ■ji  TTiilI  MiiiiimiHiliai 


(>\\  n  |iic  Kiiti^;<i  in  cIdiuIh 


SIniMM  INak,  l,-J.-,.M,...|,S.  I,y  \\..i,:,,,ii.,H. 
K.ii  0  liiicks  I.iijlii  hiiiisi'. 
S.liy  VV.i  \V.,r,tMMl.-H. 


Hi'.ifhi-y  lli'iKl,  W.  5  ti.,f,  mile 


C'u|it<  Oinrcli. 


^!»»,.«fc» _.,..,  .^j^:;'3!fei4i.».  ..-^^._.i5!#«:»j^4*«^.,... 


?-t5vu;!-'-r-.'*i,v 


Bi'iiliiii'k  iHliiriil 


IliiiiUhis  Ishiiici,  iir  C'r 


ma 


.,«;*;,V-X,:i 


Mr)unt  Mil«H(Vaii(inuv<T  iMliiiid) 


-'**'• ' '.'  ".' 


.MiMMit  Magiiirf,  Mi'  r'.'.  :.  T  iiiilBS. 
Kaoii  Korks  Lij;lit-li"i>,»  W  ,  J  N,,  }  mjie. 


li**?*!^' 


"*» :^   <**i...:ln^ 


Diiiinhin  iNliiiici,  iir  Crilar  ll'll.  ilil  '  fc.'l. 


RttCB  i;i«  ■-■  I.  ;;lil-lii)iise, 
N.  bjK, »  f     It  tniles. 


i'    -i 


s 

1 1 ' ' 

1 

t 
1- 

> 

f 


'.  li  ,  'I    r 


^v. 


I'   I  \ 


HHi^Bli 


rAciiic  cdAsi    ni.cir. 


ryi; 


•|M'r"-.  ihvt'lliiit;  lioiisc  is  nC  stKiic  ;inil  two  stniirs  li 


ij;li;  il  I 


ii's  nil  llii'  hiiiilwMiil  side  (if  III)'  ti 


VM  r 


in, I  ,  i,,s.'  Id  it.     Till-  rool'  III'  tlic  ilwclliii;;  is  iii'iuly  mi  :\  Irvd   witli  tlir  iiinlill.'  of  Ihr  Niwcst  lilai-k 


( )ii<'  or  t\M>  small  \vliili>  Imililiii' 


IT  (III  IIki  iKiillicasi  part  III'  till'  i(iil< 


riic  illiiiiiiiialiii;:  aiiparatiis  is  nf  tlii>  sccdiiil  order  .if  thr  ssstciii  nf  I"icniii.|,  ami 


\l,,lilli(|  .laimaiy  I,  ISdl.      ||   is  a  irhilt   liijlil  uliiih  nlinir-.  •'  Inii/lil    Ihixli   ,  rvni   !■ 


was  fust 


//   till   anniiils  tliroUi;li 


\  iii;;lil  friim  siiiisct  to  siiiiiisf. 

I   Mili'i   ta'dialilc  ('(imliliciiis  of  I  lie  alm(is|i|irli'  il  sIkhiIiI  Ii 

III  (I'i't  III  a  ilislaiM'(>  (Il  HI.  I  mill' 
'Jli  li'i'l  al  a  ilislaric'i'  nf  17. i'.  iiiili' 
;iii  (>-r\   al    a  ilistaiiir  ,A  I-,-  imlr 


■<i'('ii  IVdiii  a  lifi;,'lil  df- 


flic  u't'o^M'aiiliical  iidsilidii  nf  tlic  l,i;;|ii  li.nisi'  u  as  ijcti'iiiiinnl  liy  llir  r.S.('oast  ami  (it-oddtic 
.  !•>  ,  as  follows: 

l"iiiiii'li'  I-    IT   .':'.  .:.  iH.iili. 

l.i>iiUilii<l'' li!     :ir    IT    .11  wivl. 


III.  Ill  iiiiii' 


si'   11"  (IT  .1. 


auiiclic  \aiiatiiiii  fur  .l,iiiiiai\.  fs.Sd,  ua> 


17    cast    with   Md  aiiiiiial  (•liaM''c,  as  the 


;itiiiii  lias  readied  its  iiiaximuin 
I'l'iiiii  I  lie  K'aee  Island  Li'^lil  Iki 


ISC  \\c  have  the  lollduiiii;  licaiiiius  and  distances  td  iin|iortant. 


sIicitIiikIiii'ii  rciiit s.  -;n    w. 

'r.atciiisli    Islaiiil    l.i;;lillinii.sc s. 


\V. 


I'll  lar  I 'ill  III    S. 

I.'i'il  liiiiiv  nil'  Cii'sri'iil  llav 


I..I1.'    lliM.K    l.iMJit.l,, 


S.  •Ji;       \V. 
S.  Til        K. 


1  ss   l,i;;|||.|ll)||SC V.ASX  . 


Niw  liiiiij 

I'llilll    Wilsilll     l.l^lllllllllNI 

Ailiiiiralty  Head  I.i^IiI-Ih 
i'ailriik'i.  IlaiiU  ItlaiU  Itii 
Siiiiili'i  NIaiiil   I.i^lil-lioiiT N.  1;; 


N.  -4  1:. 
N.^ll  1-: 
N.  TJ(     !•: 


W.  I.slaiiil  eir  Waliiiuii-li  Iha.l,  Kus.inn  Sliail. 


iiMciivcn   I--laiicl  l.i;;li|.liiiiisi' 
Vii  iiiria  I.i;;lilliciiisr    


N.al      !■;, 
N.  ;uu    V. 

N.  I.-.       V. 


1; 


ijUI 


mall  l.i;;li|.liiiii.si' N. 


|l'>  llllli'M. 

I-J  lllill'H. 

•.'Ill  iiiilcs. 

till  iiiili'N. 

II  mill's. 

I"  llllll'.S. 

Wih,  lllil<'!4. 

X\  iiiilcs. 

'JTi|  iiiilrN. 

'.TJ  miles. 

•Jll  liillcs. 

I  li.  mill  .s. 

'.^  iiiili'.i. 

~\  iiiilt'H. 


I'Oti  AI.AKM    SKINAl,    Al'    KACK,    KlK'KS. 


A  III;:  si;;iial  has  liceii  estalilislicd  al  this  l.i;;lit  liiiiisc.  The  tiist  diie,  ill  1S7L',  was  a  fojjiicll. 
■I'  \il;:iisl  IS,  I.S.S-J,  a  twelve  inch  sliiuii  fiiiiirhisllr  lias  liceii  in  use.  It  is  placed  elo.se  under 
-•iiiillicast  side  of  the  Liuiit  house,  a  ml  is  sniiiidcil  diiiiii;:  ^'"'A'A)'  iiml  siiinky  weather  with 
i\ls  of  fir,  siroiiih  iliiriiliiiii,  irltli  intirrnh  ufniii-  miniitr  iiiul  tinlrr  si'mtiils  hitinrn  tlir  lilnsts."' 
I.'iiir  Rni'hs  I'lissdi/r. — 'riierc  is  a  clear  passay:e  of  t  wo  lll'ths  of  a  mile  in  width  hctwccn  the 
iiiiiist  (if  the  K'ace  I.'neks  and  the  lockv  shore  of  lleiitiiick    Island   towards  the  iiortlnvest.     It 


li.l--  .1    Imi 


tliiin  df  ver\   \'aiialilc  depth  I'loiii  thills   In  si\  falhniii 


i  siiiall  I  .■•liaiiii'lH  IVom  llie  wr-.i'.v  ant  nil 
.iikI  Im'i'II  iIii-  hiiiil  aliiiaiil  al  Dial  ilisi.ai 


II  iii_'  II'  I  iki'  lliiM  |ia.-.Ma;;i'  .sliiiiilil  |i.ism  Willi  ill  lial  f  11  mill-  iif  ('apr  Cliiirrli 

III  I   Mil  null  lii'iiiiiick  Nl.iiiil  I  « liii'li  "ill  111'  iiiaili'  Hill  as  Mcjiaratril  rmm 


llii'  V.iiiriiiin'i'  Mliiiri'  liy  a  iiaimw  ilianni'l  lull  nl'  ii>rl,«i,  vvluii  riiiiiiinK  Islaml  ^Imiilil  In-  a|i|iiii:ii  Inil  Inuilliiii  mii'- 
li'iirili  nl'  a  mill',  m  Jiisl  imNiilr  lln-  Krlji. 

Sliiiii'' (III  rents  mil   tlir(iii'.;li  this  passaj^c  and  with   iiiiich   irrc;;iilaiil  y.      When  the  ciirreiif  is 


I'lili -nine  nf  the  larji'c  steamers  from  \icl 
.imi  p.iss  it  ill  ten  miniilcs. 


nria    lull 


Hid   mil  of  Ihc  str.iil    run   tliron;;li    the   passii;;'c 


I  miir  ordinary  eirciii:,t,in"es  a  sailin;;  vessel   slinuld  iini  apiirnach   liiis  passaj;'i 
Ivs  >\  iiliin  a  mile  or  I  v  n. 


or  the  Itiiec 


A  (,isr  may  arise.  Iiiiwevi'  ,  eiili.'r   iiiwaiil    i>r   'iitwaril   liniiinl.  vvli'ii   a  ve.ssel   oveilakeii  liy  a  Hlnini;  wmllieasl 


wiiiil  niiiiiil  ill)  lii'lii  r  III  iiiii  llii.ii:;li  than  risk  weallnriii;;  iIh 
litlik  Man. I  sliniv  si j.l  In-  k.  i.i    ..I, 


l.'aie  li'i.i'k  In   less  lliaii  a  mile;  if  sn  llie  lien 


III.' 


Il    llle   illshi 


if  iH.i  ea 


I.I,.-.  .11     i, 


si  iiiilsiile  III.'  k.'lli  liiii'  (.111  lliat  siil.' 


I.assa;;.'),  f.irlli.'  mill  lieiii  11  i-.l  1,11k.  wliii  li  I'liiiiH  I  lie  sniillieaslnn  siili- nl'  llie  pa 


ss.-ILre,    Is  .■it\  .'T. 


li  al  hi^li  w.il.T. 


ail. I  111.- Rill, nj^esl  lilies  ( p  iits|    iinl  .'ilili.s  are  Inn  ml  in  its  nei;;lili,,iliiin.l.      Tin'  .■niirs.'  llii-.m^'li  is  inn  lli-iiiilllieasl 

mill  ■-,, mil  s.iiiiliwi'si.     (Rieli.ir.lH.) 
17_'ll  !•  (• 3."> 


i 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


k 


/, 


/./      -*V^ 


A 


^^ 


1.0 


l.i 


l^|2£    121 
■  2.2 


■  40 


118 


2.0 


nil 


||'-25  1 U  ,j^ 

^ 

6"     

► 

<l^ 


Ta 


Hwliographir: 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRKT 

WnSTIR.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  S72-4S03 


^ 


,<lf 


^ 


Kit 


I   -  :• 


546 


TACII  IC    (OAsr    PILOT. 


Tlu'  small  vi'ssi-l  \Mtli  wliicli  QniinpiT  iiiimI<>  Ins   liisl    iiM'<<iiii:ij,isiiiH'i>  in  tliis  n'^iun  ,„  i;.,,! 

>>"il«'«l  >•'  •' iislwani  tlir<iiit;ii  tlii>  Uart'l'liaiiiU'l.     llo  sa\  s  th.-N  .jii.Tc.l  l.y  passing  l«l«,,  „  r,,,,, 

i-lils  aii<l  a  lar;;i'r  oi  «•  near  flio  laii<l ;  upon   passiii;:  llii«.ii-li    ||n'\  <iprnt'<l  a  lar-r  ami  I.,  niiiiul 
iiwW,  whicli  tlic\  iiaiiMil  i;iiza.     'J  lii>  lar;;fr  isirt  nas  I'.ciilinck    Island. 

lHUr.t  TlnNS    \K\:    K.si.HIMAI  T    AM>    VM'loKlX    IIAI!l!oKS    M!i>M    niK    IJAlK    KuiK,; 

Wr.liMiiil  proptis.'  lit  (|cs(  riln'  redder  liay.  William  Ili'ad.  I»arrv  l!a,\.  .MlMit  II.M.I.m  |;,,uil 
lioiids.     'I'licv  an-  yivi-n  in  dclail  l..\    l.'iiliards  in  liis  \ann>n\ri   Island  I'llot. 

Tlif  ;.'iiMl  Ill-lit  lictween  tin-  l.'aec  I'orUs.  lvs'|iiiiMall  Ilarlmr,  and  MisciiMix  M.ii,,|  i,,, 
nainid  'hf  (liiir  ill  I'Ji/a  hi  .liil.v,  l7tHi.;ind  divsiiilicd  as  lar;;<'  and  iM-aiitil'nI.  It  has  i,,.  ,ii,i,,i 
iiaini-  at  present. 

TIh' general  dii-eel ion  nf  l''.sipiiinall  llarltor  tVoni  rientinek  Island  inside  l{ae<'  1,'ork^  |  i^in 
Imnse  is  noitli  uiie  i|iiaiter  e.isi  ,N.  |  H.i.  and  the  distance  is  ei^lit  and  a  tinarter  mil.-,  i|,,iii 
Ksipiinialt  llaiKor  to  Trial  Island  the  eonrse  is  east  hall'  north,  and  the  distance  i.s  si\  im\,-.  !,iii 
the  two  are  imt  iiiterx  i>ilile. 

Alon^' the  shore  lietwi'en  i;s(|iiiiiiall  Harbor  and  lieiilinek  Island  and  Irom  'I'lial  MuhI  ii. 
nirrenis  run  nut  with  ;ireat  velocity  «  it h  a  general  .set  towards  the  |{ace  l.'ocks.  Tlie  .|.  pU,  ,,| 
wa'er  in  this  open  ;;nlC  a\era.i;es  forty  ratlimns. 

Tedder  l>ay  ami  I'liix  r.a\  in  this  ;;iiir  a'e  very  prohahly  the  T.ay  ol  N'alde/.  and  lli.  i;,n  ,,i 
Solano  of  <,>iiiiiiper.  whence  his  mates  reeonnoitercd  to  llaro  Strait. 

The  I,i;;htlionse  lower  of  the  I  lace  I  locks  c.in  lie  tlisliiictl\  seen  at  a  distance  of  1  wel\i  niili  v. 
so  that  it  is  readil.\  eeii  lium  the  open  ;,'iilt  hence  to  Trial  Isl.md.  We  have  already  ^ivcu  >\<rr\.u 
directions  for  avoiilin;;  the  daiiLieis  that  surround  them. 

Vessels  lioiind  to  I'.sipiini.ill  llarlior  and  cleaiinir  the  llosedale  1,'oek  li\  half  a  inili' will 
open  l''.si|iinnalt  ll.irlior,  lieariii;;  north  lliree  iinarteirt  west,  distant  ei^lit  and  three  tinailit  -  iiiili'«. 
.\s  the  while  tower  at  l!st|iiiinall  entrance  is  iiearl\  si\l.\  feet  hi;,'li  it  is  reaillly  seeiiin  .  I,ii 
Weather  ami  a  course  may  lie  laid  i'rtnn  it.  If  lion  ml  for  \  letoria  ilarlmr  the  li;;ht  hears  m  iiji  jj^ili 
cast,  distant  nine  and  oiiehalf  miles. 

f.si.ii  iMAi.r  iim;i!oi;,»  van<  hi  vi.i;  isi.vmi. 

We  have  already  tlcscrilied  the  ;;eiieral  location  of  lvs(|iiimalt  llailior.  This  excelleni  I. a  i« 
where  all  the  liriiish  iiie'i  of  w  ar  lie,  ami  it  contains  a  small  na\  al  dock  \  aril  in  the  son  tin  i  >  {<.ii: 
of  ("(instance  11. ly,  called  Ko^al  \'.a\.'  The  entrance  is  ii  <|iiarter  of  a  mile  w  ide,  and  lii-  i«.i 
rocky  heads  on  either  li.ind,  the  western  head  havini,'  l''is;:ard  Island  j  and  ihe  Li^lit  lioii>r  ill  ii, 
ami  the  e.iNiern  li.i\ln;;thc  oiitl\  in;j  Scroi;;;  :<illiken  locks  south  of  It,  with  .scxcral  islet-.  Iioi'i 
the  entr.ince  the  yeiieia!  direction  of  the  hay  is  mulh  northwest,  and  the  extreme  len-iii  tun 
miles;  the  a\  era;;e  w  idt  li  is  half  a  mile.  After  passing  the  heatis  the  harlior  opens  to  tin  i  i-l. 
formiii!;  a  small  lieaiitifnl  lia.\ .  called  N'iila^e  I  Jay  or  ("oiiHtanee  ('o\f  (sometimes  Man  ofwai  (  n'.  <  . 
where  men  of  war  anchor  in  a  unilorm  depth  of  hIv  fathoms.  In  the  <'n trance  are  seven  .iii'l  >  ii^ht 
fathoms  of  water,  and  the  approaches  tor  a  mile  ^'ive  from  ten  to  thirteen  lallioins. 

( I'or  the  ilelails  of  I'Nipiimall  llarlior,  the  daiiy^ers.  etc.,  see  the  N'aiiconver  Island  I'llni 

At  the  head  of  the  hailioris  .Mount  Se,\nioiir.:  lour  hundred  ami  si\t,\   feet  lii;,di. 

Inland  and  ti\e  miles  we-l  of  the  head  ot  Dsipiimall  l!ay  i.s  the  head  of  a  lar^e  lia.v  oim  i  . 
from  till-  north  and  opeiijn;,'  into  the  inside  elianiiel  to  the  Nanaiino  coal  mines. 

TIIK    I.KillT  not  SK    AT    I.Si^'lIM  Al.T    IIAKIIOU. 

This  1,1^'ht  house  IS  eiecled  on  Fisnard  Island,  a  small  rocky  islet,  twenty  live  feet  aiio\.  il.i 
water.  The  islet  is  almost  connected  with  the  shore,  and  foi  nis  Ihe  wes'ern  point  of  the  chIiiihi 
to  I'.sipiiinalt  llailxir.  The  eastein  point  is  Mnnt/.'  Head,  and  the  entrance  is  oiil^  ,si.\  Iiiiii'Ik'I 
vards  wii'i'  Imt  the  lia>  opens  out  lieautifiill,\   insidi*. 

'Till'    llii|i;ili  lijtiiii' IN  Is.  Ii  .IV    iiiiill.  :iii.l    It    IS   mivMllt.'li    ill    III.'   in\\\    l.'l  tiln  nt  tlii'  <  i.iM'l  ll.ir  iil'  I  li.'    Iliiil-' 
•  '.•iin.aiiy. 

'  \.liiiir;tllj  .  liiirt.  1-17. 

;  r.ii;;li'>li  cIliiI.  I-.'pI.  .;iII..I  it  l'ii.ln{ii:iril ;  111.-  Iiitcsl  in  I'JNjjiiril. 

i  Ailiiiiritll.v  cliarl.  I-Jt 


Jtf 


I'Acri'K!  fOAsr  I'li.oT.  547 

The  striiflnn'  «'oii:<ists  of  n  riuiiiil  ti)\v«>r  of  Inirk  wliitwiiHln'il  himI  clcvnfcd  tilt \  seven  feet 
ih.iM'  ilie  loek,  Willi  ii  red  l)iiek  keeper's  dwelliii};  mljiiiinii;,'.  Tiie  lower  is  siiriiioiinteil  l)v  a 
l,iMi(  III  p;iliile<l  red.  As  seen  from  llie  iipinoiielies  if  shows  as  :i  tall,  while,  slim  tower  projeeted 
i;.,iii>i  llie  dark,  (ir  eovered  lilntVs  lieliind  it. 

riic  illMniiMatinir  apparatns  is  ol  Hie  li  iirlli  ordir  of  Hie  sysieni  of  Fresnel.  It  was  (irst 
,  \I,iIiiIimI  No\end)er  1!»,  l.S(i(»,  and  shows  every  ni^jht  from  sunset  to  sunrise  twocoh)rs  in  dilferent 
|,.it>  III'  the  are,  witli  a  hir^'e  are  eclipsed. 

riie  total  are  of  visiltility  is  two  linndretl  and  twenty  seven  de};rees.  Of  this  llit^  irhitf  lii/ht 
.U.<y\->  li'iMi  soiilli  three  and  a   half  decrees  east   (S.  ;{A     K.).  just   elcarinji   liosedaie  Kotk  to  the 

;1hm.-I  ol  llaee  Uoeks  I,i;;lit  house,  round   to  south   sixty  decrees  east   (S.  (J(P  K.).     Then  the 

»/,/■,  linlil  iliannes  to  a  ml  liijlil  Irom  south  sixty  de^^ees  east  (S.  (>(l  K.)  ioiiiid  lliron;;h  the  east 
iiiii  liiiiih  to  north  nine  and  a  half  de^'iees  we>t  (.\.  :t\  W.)  inside  the  harlior.  At  this  liearin;; 
il„  ,.-/  h<ilit  ehan^es  to  a  irkilr  liijht,  whieh  siiows  from  north  nine  and  a  half  ileyrrees  west  (N.it.P 
W  1.1  mirth  (iftyone  am!  a  half  de;.T''es  west  (N.  r»l.'.  \V.)  and  is  then  vilipsviL  The  «-///)xc  of 
th.  iiuhl  eviends  from  north  lifty  one  and  a  half  derives  west  (N.  ."Vl  I  W.i  round  liy  llie  west  over 
•lir  l.iii'l  iliroiiy;h  tin-  south  to  soiitli  three  and  a  half  decrees  east  (S.  :\\  V..)  just  east  of  the 
|;iiv(il.il('  h'oek,  where  the  irliilv  I'Kjhl  lie^ins. 

i  ill'  liical  plane  of  the  \\<i\i\  is  seventy  feet  altove  the  level  of  the  sea  at  hi;;li  water,  and  in 
ti\oi;ilil('  stales  of  the  atmosphere  should  lie  visilile  from  a  liei;;hl  <il'— 

III  t'l'i'l  ill  ailislaiKT  III'  i:!.v!  iiiilis 
'JO  Cicl  M  ;i  ilv^laiiii  iiT  1  1.7  liiilrs. 
;iii  till  .11  :.  ill>t:iiiii'  III'  I'l.'.i  mill's 

The  f;eoKraidiieiil  jiosititm  of  the  Ia;;ht-lioiise.  as  determined  by  the  U.  S.  Con.st  andCii'o«ktic 

Sill  \  cy.  is: 

l.:ititi|ili< Is     '.>.")'     I'.t   .;i  Miviili. 

I Kit  Mill' i'j;i   !>(■/    i:.-  .1  wi'st. 

111.  Ill    liliii' HI'  111"'    tT'.il. 

I  Ins  li;.'lit  is  known  as  the  l''istjard  Island  Li^ht  on  the  Kni;lisli  charts, 

li  \\\\\  lie  seen  from  the  forcfioiii};  description  of  the  li;jlil  that  ils  characteristics  have  Ih'pii 
rliii  L:eil  Irom  the  oii;.'inal  system.  Then  there  was  a  while,  a  red,  and  a  y;rccn  li;;lit  for  certain 
I  iiiniitiiins.     The //>■('(«  li;;hl  has  hccn  alioiished. 

\\  Inn  a  vessel  is  coiuiny;  up  the  strait  from  t  lie  westward  bound  to  Vi<'toiia  or  the  Ilaro 
I  liiiiiicl,  the  fixed  white  li;;lit  of  i']s(|niiiialt  Ilarlior  will  lie  seen  is  soon  as  the  vessel  is  to  the 
i;i.Muaril  of  the  Uosedale  IJock  olV  I  he  Itacc  KoiKs  I.ijiht  house.  The  li^ht  slioiild  tie  steered  for 
oiiilir  licaiin;;  north  half  west,  whicli  will  lead  cluse  In  llie  reef  exlcndiii;;  a  short  distance  otf 
M'H'ii  Head,  which  is  live  and  three  iiimilcrs  miles  north  one  lil'lh  west  of  I  lace  Island  Li;;hl'house. 
W  lull'  a  ve.s.sel  keeps  the  w  hite  li;;lil  of  l'lsi|iiiiiiall  in  full  \  iew  she  is  clear  of  all  known  daiiffers 
III  !lii'  westward.     If  she   yets  too   far   to  the   westward    the  li^lit    will   lie  lost,   and  she  should 

I'lii li.iti'ly  steer  to  the  eastward   till  it   is  a;,'aiii  seen.     This  piecaiilioii  is  necessary  on  account 

■  I  ilic  iiiiients  which  dnrinjf  spring:  Inlcs  run  as  much  as  six  knots  an  hour  in  the  nei^ililiorliood 
Ml  ilic  i:ace  It'oeks.  The  elili  ciiiienl  iiiik  almost  in  a  direct  line  Irom  the  Canal  de  Ilaro  lo  ihe 
iiir|,s,  and  sets  befveeii  them  and  the  slioii'  wilh  ureal  lorcc  and  irrey;iilarity.  There  are  also 
II. Ii'  •■iirrents  in  the  vicinity  daiijicrons  to  boats  and  small  cial't. 

When  to  the  northward  of  .Miierl  Mead,  ;iiid  wishiiif;  to  anchor  in  Ki.yal  Hay,  at  the  approach 
I"  i;-i|Uimalt  Harbor,  a  vessel  should  briiif;  l':,si|nimall  Iij;lil  to  bear  north  by  west,  when  she  will 
line  ten  fathoms,  with  piod  lioldin;;  ;,'ioiiml.  abonl  one  mile  from  the  li;;lit  ;  or,  if  desired,  she 
in.i\  stand  to  tiie  westward  until  the  while  li;;lil  is  lost,  when  she  should  imm-dlntiUj  anchor. 

In  entering;  Ksiiuimalt  Harbor  lli"  lijjhl  clian};<'s  from  ivhitv  to  ic/  when  it  bears  north  sixty 
1.  -ices  west  (N.  i'AV  U'.),  and  it  shoiihi  be  left  from  three  hundred  to  four  hundred  yards  on  the 
i  Ml  I  hand  lo  clear  a  reef  and  sunken  rock  extending  one  liiindreil  and  .seventy  yards  to  the  north- 
».-ivMird  of  the  liKht.  The  depth  of  the  water  in  the  appro.iclies  and  in  the  eiiliance  is  eit;lil  to 
in  lathoms  over  a  very  re^'ular  bottom.  Inside,  when  the  red  liy;lit  bears  south  by  west,  a  ship 
•n.i\  anchor  in  seven  fatiioms  or  slam  inlo  Coiislamc  |oi  Maimf  war)  Cove  earryinj;  six  fathoms 
■III  a  level  bottom  of  mud.  When  inside  tlie  harbor  and  the  li^lit  bears  south  nine  and  a  I  alf 
li  •rices  oast  (S.  !»A  V..)  the  red  liKht  chan^'es  toa  while  li-ht  to  the  westward,  where  the  shoai  oil' 
\i  w  I'oinl,  and  the  sunken  daiifjer,  Whale  or  While  Koek  imiy  briiij,'a  vessel  up. 


V  ■ 


Vl 


f  ■„■  1 


r)4S  rACllIc    COAST    I'll.MT. 

Tlif  cm/ /iV//;/ is  iisfliil  li>  vi'ssi'ls  liniiiiil  ti>  \  ictiiijii  ill  INiiiiiiii.ill  lliiiliiir  I'liini  flu  .  i  iw„,i 
Arirr:i  vcsM'l  DiiMiils  Tiinl  l.slaml  IhmiihI  I'm-  I'Niiiiiinall  Ihiilxir  :i  wcsl  Muitliwcsi  miii-.  :  ,\\  \,.  ,1 
a  sail-  (hsianif  itiilsitlr  ol'  I'.iiiicliy  1-<'iI;,m'  ami  Ih-H  Iiihi.v.  anti  sImhiIiI  Im-  riuitiiiiiril  imiil  ih,  i;,,,,,, 
malt  I.i-lil  rliaiip's  rutin  nil  to  irliiti,  when  it  may  he  sti'ncil  tin  ami  mil  liclinc.     At  Ih     .  Ii;,i|,,,, 

tilt'  lijiht   licais  mntli   Nixt.v  (lf;rr«'«'s  wt-st  (N.<i<'     W.).  ami   that    i rsc  passes  mir  Inn, .iinj  .11,1 

lint.N  \aitls  iiiitsjilc  III   III)-  oiilcrniost  «laiiK«"r<.S'  Scm;,';,'  loiks,  whiih  arc  within  two  titiliv,.!  ,,  imi,. 
of  tlir  l.i;;hl'liiniM>. 

l'i'*;:aiil    Islaml   has  Ui'lp  afiniml  it,  ami  inila.v  t  imr  I'm- liiii' of  sal'ct.v  is  |iis|  oiitsnlr  tj,,.  |,,  u, 

wliirli  csicmls IiiiimIk'iI  sanls  towaiils  Uir  I'lianml.     On  tin-  <<lyr  ol  tins  |,r||.  in  a  v"»;,h  ,..,1, 

With  scM'ii  t'lTt  of  water  on  it.nm-  Inimlicil  ami  s.-mmiIx  ti\<'  sanls  iiihiIumsI  ol  ilii'  l.ii^lii  I >,.. 

I'oi  details  of  the  liarlmr,  aiiehoiai;e,  wimls.  iiiriilils,  ele..  see  Naiiriiiivi-r  l-lami  i'llui,  .imi 
Ailmiialtv  ihart.  "iTt!. 

Tiilis  III  l-'.siiuimnlt  llinhnf. — The  Ai|iniialt.\  eliarl,  r>7<>,  y;i\  es  the  liillowiii};  ilala  ihniii  ih. 
tliles:  It  IS  hi;:h  walel  at  the  t'nll  ami  ehaii;,'e  ol  the  Moon  Irolil  Ma.\  to  Oetolier  IhIimtm  iimi 
iii;,'ht  ami  III'  iievt  moriiiii;::  anil  IVom  Nov  einlier  to  Apnl  I'loiii  ikhiii  to  1 1 1  p.  m.  I'ln  siii'M' 
tliles  rise  seven  to  ten  I'eet.  ami  the  neap  tiile.s  rise  li\  e  to  ei;,'lil  feet  ;  with  slion;;  w  iml.  n,,!,,  ,i„ 
siiiithwesl  ami  southeast  the  tiiles  rise  two  feel  alioxc  orilinarx  spriiiy  t  iiles,  |i  will  In  Imiiit',, 
take  the  tides  frmii  Tide  Tallies  for  the  I'aeitie  Coast,  piihlished  aiiiiiiall.N  li.\  the  I'.  S.  ('...isi  nnl 
(ieodet  le  Siir\  i\  . 

l"roiii  I'lsipiimalt  llarlior  l.ij^lit  we  have  the  lieanii;;s  ami  distanees  to  the  lollinMii-  iiii|ihi 
taut  points : 

Kan-   I{.mU   I.lylll    ll.illHP S.  ','  \V.              -<  lllilrK 

K.ll/   lliH'k    l.l.;lil    lnillMl'    S,  :ll  1;.  IT*  llllll^s. 

Ni«   |lMti:;itn— >,  I,ij;lil  liiiiisr    S.  1.7  I).  'Jll  iiiiliM. 

I'..i?il  W  iIm.ii  l.i-lil  liiiiisr   s.  -I  K  ;i'.M  mill". 

I'arliHl-r  ll.itilx  Kl.i.k  !!n.iy   \  -7  I.  -.I',  mil.-. 

Smilli'"  Isl  iii.l  l.i;;lil  li.iiiMi'  1  tii.l  iiilri'\  i-.iMi' I  N  -11  |;.  '.'I  mil.  .< 

I!i..l.li\   L.'.l^i-  Willi.'  S|i;ir-I. II. i> S  7'l  i;.             -.'t  mil.-. 

I'rial  Islaml.  wiiitli  I'liil  I  not  uil'TMsilij..  I \  -.'i  K.             i.  iiiilr.., 

VK'TillMA    IIAlIlIiii;.  VANCmv  f,i;    l.-<I.AMl. 

The  (feiieral  preeaiitloii  hir  the  appioaeh  to  \'ietoria  llarlior  upon  roiimljiio  Uaer  I,'iiiL>!m\ 
lie  taken  the  .same  as  for  I'^stpiimalt    llailMir. 

'I'll iii'se  tor  the  entrance  to  \'ictoria   llarlior,  alter  roiimlin;;  the  llace  llocks  l,i::lii  Imnvi'. 

IS  mil  ill  three  i|uai  tcis  e.i>t,  and  w  Ik'Ii   Dsipiinialt    l.i^lit   ehaiioes   tvim\  htiiihl  irliih  to  n./  i  m^.. 
\m1I  lie  one  mile  tioiii  the  shore  in  tliiit\  three  tat lioiiis  of  u ater  over  saiitly  bottom. 

Ships  alioxe  the  sj/e  of  eoaslerH.  lllile.ss  aeipiailited  with  the  loeallt.N,  ale  leeiimimiiiii'il  li.il  1. 
run  fill  \  ii'ioi  la  at  iii;;lit,  when  the\  eaii  not  enter.  Imt  rat  her  to  Hiiehor  in  Ko.sal  It.ix  t'>i  ii:i .  Iijli; 
The  11  III  It  III  amiiiii.ue  there,  when  a  vessel  stands  to  t  he  west  \v  aid,  is  to  aiiehor  imwnli'iii  'ij  \\\» 
the  lirij;lit  wh.te  ll;,'ht  is  eclipsed.  This  will  },'l\e  tell  fathoms  of  water  o\cr  llillil  W  lllllli  .1  null 
of  I'.scpiimalt  !a;;lit  hoiist'.  With  soiitheasterlv  and  stormv  weather  a  sliip  lioiiml  lnf  \ni.in.i 
should  uiiineihalelv  run  into  Ivsipiiinalt  llarlior,  which  she  can  easilv  do  with  the  as.sist.iini  nl  tli. 
I.i;,'lit  lioii-.e  on  l'is;;ard  Isl.iml. 

Thecntianee  to  Victoria  llarlior  is  two  and  a  ipiaiiei  miles  e.i.st  ol  Ivsqiiimalt.  .\^  tli'  rli  n 
iiel  is  verv  contracted,  <Tookeil.  and  otisinieted  with  a  nine  leel  liar,  vessels  iisiiall.v  aiirlini mitMili 
in  ten  or  lifteeii  f.ithoms  of  water,  lakiiijr  cue  to  aMiid  liioiehy  Ledy;e.*  witlioiil\  Iim  i.t;  .' 
water  upon  it.  This  daii;:er  lies  alioiit  half  a  mile  south  soiit  lieasi  t'lolii  the  easlein  In  .i.l.  .iixl 
.soiithwesi  three  ipiarteis  west  from  .Mount  llcacoii,*  upon  wlinh  was  a  iaii;.'c  mark  willi  unr  ni 
the  iiumediati'  shore.  It  is  one  mile  .southeast  I  \  south  one  ipi.iitei  soiitii  iSI",.  In  S.  (  .'s  timi 
\ictoiia  Li;.'lil  house.  'I'lie  led^''  is  marked  li\  a  w  lute  sp.ir  liuo>  (formerly  i  hell  Inio.N  pi-i  -liiili 
West  of  the  rock.  The  rhaiiiiel  inside  i>  Well  marked  out  li.\  liiiovs,  liiit  a  pilot  is  nccc^sii.\  li' 
earr.v  a  vessel  in.  The  whole  leii;;lli  of  t  e  hailior  is  alioiil  three  or  four  miles,  with  an  .i\ir,i:;i 
width  of  onelifth  of  a  mile.  It  is\ei\  tortuous,  and  the  held  strelchcs  west  uearl.v  ti>  lln  hr.iil 
of  I'.stpiimalt   r..i,\,  where  a  portage  exists. 

The  appioaihes  to  the  harlmr  are  deep  outside  of  I'.iotidiN  hed-ie,  and  from  tin  leiwiiin 
fathoms  of  water  are  toiind  inside  of  it.  'I'hi'  shores  adiaccnt  are  low,  lint  rock.v,  ami  i  ov>  nil 'i' 
part  with  trees,  rem  i  ml  in;;  one  of  the  rockv  parts  of  the  coast  of  Massaehiiscl's  ami  M.iiih  . 

'  <  III  III"  r.ii;;lisli  A.liiiiiall  \   <  liaii.  1-17. 


I'AciKif  (.'OAST  I'lLor.  549 

I  (ir  details  of  Vicloi  ill  mm  llic  Niincniivi'i  IsIkikI  I'ilol. 

II fail  sfcaiiH'i    mIiiiiI  is  now  liii-ati><l  on  Hit-  castciii  sliiirc  just  inside  tin ter  ln'a<l  and 

|M,|  iiuisidellu"  l.iKlit  1mmi,s«-  (wlijcli  is  on  tin-  wrslcrn  siilc),  s(»  lliat  tlicso  lai;{e  vcs.sii.s  run  directly 
tint, lids  it  ill  euiiiin^'  IVuiii  sea  and  leave  it  witlnml  irniihle. 

LKillT  11(11  SK    AT    VKTulJIA    lIAUIinl!. 

Two  liCtlis  of  a  niile  inside  llie  wistn  n  |Miiiit  nl'  the  eiilianee  to  \iit(ii  la  Ifariinr  a  I,i;;litlionse 
I..,,  liiTit  lilliil  on  the  western  side  in  tin-  ii.iiiikm  si  |)ail  nl  I  lie  eiiti.iiin.  npon  the  sceond  sinail 
i,m1,\  islet  !.\iiiy  solar  in  tliat  it  eai.  lie  sieii  omt  the  liar  inside  and  diierlly  into  Hie  harlMir, 
Tills  islet  is  named  ISeieiis,  and  isaiiiiiil  lilieeii  ImI  aliove  lii;rh  wat'i;  there  is  a  dejilh  often  feet 
,'liisi'  to  its  southeast  face. 

fhe  l,i;;ht  lions.'  stnietiiie  is  tlielViistuni  of  a  square  p.Maniid.  It  is  Ituili  of  wimmI,  and  is 
II  iil\  leet  UiiiU  from  liase  to  vane.  It  |iieseiils  two  windows  mi  liie  seawaid  side.  The  lantern 
i<  (ill  to|t  of  tliJH  tower,  and  it  is  painted  red.     There  is  a  keeper's  dwelliiij;  atlaeheil,  and  all  ai« 

li.Mllfll  wliili". 

I'hi  li;,'lit  was  Hist  exliiltited  Maiih  I,  IHTt!,  and  is  intended  as  a  iiaritor  lif,'lit;  it  shows  from 
..iiiimI  III  sunrise  a  Jinil  hliic  Vnjlil.  v.  huh  is  elevated  lorl.v-foiir  feet  altove  lii;;li  water.  I'nder  fa- 
\(ii;il(h'  eoiiditiiHiM  of  the  atiiiosphere  this    lif,'iit    should  lie  visilile  at  a  distaiiee  of  six  or  Neveii 

miles. 

KOfJIlKI.L    AT    Tin;    I.HMIT  IIOISK   AT    Vl('Tnl!|A    llAKIlnU. 

.Veeoiilin;:  to  tlie  oHieial  notiee  of  .\|»ni  •"»,  1SS7.  ,i  fojj  lidl  has  lii-eii  ereeled  at  the  r.ereiiM 
Island  l.i;;lil  station  at  the  eiitiaiiee  to  Vieloria  llailioi.  The  Well  is  siis|ien<led  from  a  roofed 
liaiiiewoik  on  the  seawaid  sideof  tiie  lauiil  house  lower,  and  will  lie  riiiij;  l»y  hand,  liiit  only  in 
.iiiswii  to  .steameiH  lilowiii;.;  their  whistles  on  enlerin;:  in  thick  weather. 

I'liero  is  a  irhitr  xitarhiiiiti  on  limtchii  l.iihii  which  lies  one  mile  and  onelenlh  southeast  l>y 
siiiiili  hall  south  from  the  l.i);lithoiisc  'I'lie  daimei  has  li\c  feet  of  walei  upon  it,  and  the  whole 
l(  il-i'  iiir-ide  the  three  fatlioin  line  is  one  hiiiidred  and  seveiit.\  live  yards  in  diameter  with  .six  and 
MM'ii  l.itlioins  of  water  iniinediatel.\  around  thai  area.     This  Imoy  was  formerly  a  liell  liiioy. 

riie  ;,'eo};iapliical  posilion  of  the  l.i:.;lit  house,  as  determined  Ity  the  T.  S.  Coast  and  tleodetie 
SiiiAcy  liiimlhe  Laurel  roint  astioiioinual  station  of  l.siii,  js  : 

I.:ililiiil<' 1^     •.'.'.    -.M,    iiiirtli. 

I.iiii;;iiiiili> 1'j:t    -j:!  :!ii'wcHi. 

I  M.  Ill  liim- ••'•   l:i"    :!!'. 

SIniiil  I'liiiit  l.iiilit.—'Vwn  tilths  ol  a  mile  iiisidethc  entrance  to  \ietoria  liailmr  Ihe  low,  sharp, 
iniK\  point  on  the  east  side,  direell\  aliicast  the  l,i;:;lit  house  on  lieren's  Island,  is  named  Shoal 
I'liiit.  Aroiinil  tlicNhoal  ;:roniid  iiiakiii;;  out  to  the  iiorlli  northwest  from  this  point  the  channel 
iiiiNcs  a  very  short  liirii  to  the  east  southeastward.  On  this  point  a  lutinl  hiiili  rii,  sliowin;^  a 
'i.iil  rid  liijlil,  lias  been  estaitlislied  at  an  elevation  of  the  feet  aliove  liie  water.  It  is  attached  to 
III!  riamework  lieacon  on  the  plalloi  in  liuo\  which  maiKs  Ilic  outer  end  of  the  spit  olV  Shoal  I'oinl. 
!i  ;\as  tirst  siiowii  .\u};usl  1,  Iss'.l,  and  will  lie  maiiit.iliud  diiiiii;.'  the  autumn  and  winter  inonths 
ii'iiil  luillier  iioliec.  Miirint;  slorniy  weallici  it  iiia>  liecoiiic  e\liii;:iiislicd  at  times,  when  it  will 
li'' iiiipossilile  In  reli,i;hl  it  pi'omptlv. 

/.'i(rii/  in  Vicliirut  llarhor. — The  sjinf  tmiiii  .Vo.  7,  inside  \  icloiia  I  I.iiImu,  and  which  marked  the 
!.i  ivd  or  Speiice  K'oi'k,  two  hundred  sards  east  of  Soii;;liie's  I'oinl,  has  lieeii  permanent  1\  discoii- 
iiiiiieil.     There  is  now  a  depth  of  nine  leet  ol  water  on  llic  lock  at  low  water  spriii;;  tides. 

/')//(■.<.— The  .Xdmiraltv  chart,  oT'i.  ;,'i\es  the  follow  inu  data  :  It  is  lii;;li  watci  at  the  lull  and 
<  li.iii;:c  of  the  Moon  from  .May  to  Octoliei  lietweeii  niidni;;hl  and  III'  next  inoriiiii<;;  and  from 
NuM'tnlicr  to  .\piil  lii'l  ween  noon  and  III''  in  the  afternoon.  The  spriii;;  tides  ri.se  seven  to  leu  feet, 
mil  neaps  live  lo  ei^lil  feet.  Wit  n  sirontr  soiitliwesl  and  soiitlieast  winds  the  tides  ri.se  two  feet 
ilicive  ordinary  spriii;;  tides, 

l''or  the  details  of  the  approaches  to  \ictoria  Marlior,  the  currents,  tides,  winds,  etc.,  see  the 
\iliiiiralt,\  chart,  •"•"»>,  and  \'aiieou\ei  Isl.ind  iiloi.  The  time  aiiil  hei^tht  of  I'very  tide  ilurinp:  the 
>eai  can  lie  found  from  the  Tide  Tahles  for  the  I'acilie  Coast,  piildished  annually  Ity  the  ('.  >S. 
'nasi  iiiid  (ietNlelie  Survt^v. 


J 


11 


if 


i  '■\ 


550 


I'ACIKIC    COAST   IMI.OT. 


Till  City  of  Virlorin  has  grown  to  1m>  a  plan'  «if  iiiik-Ii  iinportaiU'C  Ity  its  boiiif;  tlit>  scin  n|  .„, 
oiimH'iit  ol  Hritisli  Coluiiiliia,  I'miii  its  coiiiUTtioii  wilh  tli«-  Nanaiiiioioal  iiiim's,  ami  Iicjum  u,,  |,„„ 
lor  all  till"  stoainltoats  to  I'rast'i-  Unt'V,  the  stoanu'is  to  Port  Moodv  at  tlic  ti-rininiis  ii  n,,  (  .,,1, 
tliai!  I'anlic  IJailmatl,  tlir  .stfaiiifis  of  I'life't-t  Soiiiid,  ami  tlu'  Hteaiiislii|>H  of  the  «oa(it  oi  ( '.liiiiimi!, 
Clif^'oii,  ami  W'a.sliiiigtoii. 


i!  i' 


i'' 


TRIAL   ISLANDS,   on'   VANrOfVr.i!    ISl.ANM). 

This  urouj)  of  islands.  ^.MMU'iall.v  showin};  as  our,  consists  of  two  piiiu'jpal,  hair.  io(l>\  i,],,. 
yint; 'lose  iimlcr  tin' smith  shore  of  Point  <'ionzaiis,  wliirh  fmins  tin-  t'\tn'iiiit\  of  the  .sln.i,.  i^,,, 
rasl  ol  Ks(|ulnialt  i.ntl  Xictona  llaihors  ami  m-ar  tin-  wt-sl  snU- of  tlif  cntraiu't"  to  thr  llaiiMin, 
Till'  slioif  from  KMiuimalt  ami  Vjiioiia  Ilarhors  to  the  Trial  Islands  is  irrc^rnlar.  low.  jml  i,,,!,. 
Willi  liilloiks  of  one  liiiiidrt'd  and  forlv  to  two  hiimlit'd  and  tliiit>  left  eh  val ion  Tin  u'ln,, 
diicci ion  i.>  cast.  I'lic  miiiiIi  end  ol  the  oiilci  Trial  lslai:d  is  , six  miles  almost  cxaills  ea>  iii,|, 
l''is;;aid  I,i;;hl  house,  three  and  one  half  miles  east  three  i|iiarters  north  from  P>rotch,v  l,ed«c  liii,,\. 
and  three  and  live  sixths  miles  soiitliwtst  two  thirds  south  from  l>iseo\ei\  Island  Li;,'lii. 

The  oiiiei  and  laryt  r  islet  is  a  half  mile  lon^'  and  stietelies  out  one  mile  from  the  -\\n],  mi, 
foiirleeii  fathoms  of  water,  wiiii  a  narrow  line  of  kel|i  aloii};  its  east  ami  west  sides,  aiitl  I'l  |.  u^i. 
on  the  ed^'e  of  the  Kei;).  Tlu'  outer  end  of  the  islet  is  alioilt  ei;;lil.V  feet  hi;:li  ainl  is  .Mit|i  |,, 
The  iioi'lherii  or  inner  islet  is  low,  ami  toiil  }:ronnd  e.\i>ts  close  aronnil  it,  altlioii;;li  tlien-i-.  .1  n.u 
row  live  fathom  chaiiiii  1  lieliiiid  it,  called  the  I'lntei  pi  ise  Channel.  Tiie  currents  ,iii'  -tini,. 
jiast  »he  islet,  and  hca\\  current  rips  prevail,  especiallv  dm  in;;  the  tlood.  which  runs  iii.iih  . 
miles  per  hour  at  spring;  tides. 

IH.si DVKUV    AND   CIIATIIAM     rsi.ANHS.    <iI'K    VANCOfVKIJ    ISLAND. 

Tlu'sc  twii  islands  and  the  adiaceiit  islets  an-  ipiite  close  to^jether,  and  eoxer  an  aic.i  ni  ,| , 
uml  three  Iniirths  miles  northwest  and  sonllieast  hv  one  mile  Itroail.  Cliatliam  is  ilie  iiiu'|j\ti. 
island,  and  tlie,\  are  connected  l>y  vei,\  dan;;er(ms  ;;roiind.  Tlie  trnter  or  eastern  point  of  IIimcimm 
Island  IS  luii  and  a  hall  iiiiNs  lioni  I  he  nt-aresl  point  of  \ancou\er  Island.  l»i,s(  i>\ei>  Ulai,.!  in 
a  \ei\  iiic;:iil.ir  oulline;  it  is  lon;.'cst  east  and  west,  and  has  hrokeii  rocky  shores  yii.u  l.il  ii 
man,\  lucks  and  foul  ^'loiind  for  as  nmcli  as  foiii  hiindretl  yards.  The  island  is  a  ^'raintc  hm-n  «\  • 
hundred  and  twenty  one  feet  lii;;li  and  pai'tiall\  covered  with  tirs.  tliron^zli  which  the  rock  ^\„>\\- 
in  laii^e  patches  without  a  blade  ol  vegetatimi. 

Northwest  of  IHscovery   Island,   iiid  separated  therefrom  by  a  narrow  and  mtiicale  1  l.iiin. 
full  ot'  rocks,  lies  rhatliam  Island  (composid  of  several  small  islets),  somewhat  siiiallei  in  .  ssr 
and  not  so  lii;^h  as  Discovery  Island,  but   similar  in  appearaiu'c  and  lorniatitm.     lieiwcin  iln.. 
two  islamls  and  the  \':incon\er  shore  lies  an  extensive  area,  callei' (ioii/.alcs  Sonml,  neail,  iilli 
with  rocks  and  reefs,  the  main  body   being  called  the  riiain  Islands,  wliieh  are  :iliont  iiii!'\  i>. 
Iii;;li.     ('lose  around  the  western   side  of  Discovery  and  Cliatliam  and  east  of  the  ('h.iin  Nmih!- 
is  a  chaiiml  known  as  the   Plumpei    Passage,   from  seven  tose\enteen  fathoms,  bill  11  i>  "iil\  1 
for  small  craft.     I'lom  the  western   part  of  ('halliam  Island  to  CadlMiroiigh  Point  the  disium 
aboui  three  (|M, liters  of  a  mile.     Numerous  rocks  show  clo.se  to  the  point. 

I'or  details  of  the  itas.sage  through  (ion/ales  Sound  and  around  the  islands,  see  the  \'aiM..ini 
Lsland  Pilot. 


LKiHTHoISK   ox    DIsrOVKUY    ISLANU. 


The  structure  is  jilaeod  on  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  island  just  behiml  Sea   llii 
The  bnildiiig  is  of  wood   |iaiiited  white,  and  consists  of  a  st|iiare  tower  surmoiiiiled  \>\ 
lantern;   the   height    from    the   ground    lo  the  vane  is  foityseveii  feet.     The  keeper's  d«i 
attat'hed  to  the  lower. 

The  illiiiMiiiating  apparatus  is  dioptni'  of  the  tiflli  onler,  and  was  first  exhibiti'd  on  1* 
of  .\pril.  Issti,  and  shows  a  li.inl  uliili  Uiih(  every  night  from  sunset  to  sunrise.  Tin 
visibility  extends  through  two  hundred  and  lifty  three  degrees  (li.">.'P)  from  north  forty  iwn. 
west  (N.  Vl  \V.|  roninl  li\  the  north,  east,  and  south  to  south  thirty  one  degices  west  S  :'. 
Ko  that  it  .shows  thiongh  the  llaro  Strait,  Sidney  Cliannel,  and  in  the  direction  of  Hare  I,' 

•  N.iiiiid  .illci  till    stniiiii  r  S,a  /.rid,  wliii-li  wiu.  hiiriit  »t  tliiN  liliu'i-  Sc|iIi'Iii1mm  7,  I'-.rfi,  ilininn  'I"    '  '•' 
I'Xcitriiiflil. 


!•  r 


I'll- 

,    I  mi; 

iIC'  ■ 
,  _•  I M 

W 


.  >  1.. 


<! 


rACII'K!    niAST    l'II-«tT.  f,;-,l 

Tlic  (ociil  |!liii»!  of  till'  liKlit  ■■!  iiiiu-t.v  (HH-  IVfl  aliovf  Cif  IhkIi  \v;iI«t  level,  uimI  iiiitlcr  liiviiriiltlo 
.•iPiitliliiniH  of  tilt'  weutlicr  slioiild  he  Ne«>ii  Iroin  it  tliHtiiiice  of  lilteeii  milt'H.  Towards  Hie  soiitli- 
u,  siwartl  llie  li>;lit  i'*  •■"•••'i  outside  (lie  Trial  Islands. 

The  po^fiapliieal  |iositioiiof  tlie  l,i;,'lit  house  is: 

■'■'•'""'" I-    -J.'!     •,'n    iii.rlli. 

'■""Ki""''' l-j;i    i:t'    Till    wfMi, 

( ir,  ill  liiiK' ^1.  |._>ii.  ,-,,-,<  11 

riie  MiaKiietie  varialioii  in  .laniiiiv.  ISSd.  was  li_"  ;{,s'  east,  and  was  ihen  at  its  extreme  limit. 
From  hiseovor.v  Island  l.i;;lil  hinist  we  have  the  follow  iiit;  lit'ariii;;N  and  distanees  to  ini|ioituiit 
ipli|rcts : 

Hurl'   Hiii'lvH  Li;;lil-liiiii.si' S.  ;!!,,     \V  11'.   iiiiliH. 

lull/.    Iliinl*    I, mill   liiiilm' »;       ;j  |.;  |.i    mjl,.^ 

Ni'«  Ihiiinriii'N'.   I.iyjit  liiiii-.i' S.    I.l         i:  l.'.l   iiiili'N. 

remit  Wilwiii  I.ik'i'  '"'""I' S.  T  I         I;.         •,>.".     inili's. 

AcliiiiiiillN   lIcMil  l.i^lil  liiiiiNc' S.   "11        i;.         •i'     iiiili's. 

rtuliiil;;!'  Hunk    lllack   Hum    S    "It        i'..         I-|  inili's. 

Ili'iii  llniili   I  lliiii' ami  iiiii'  liill  Litliniiis  ) S.    "li         I',.  f;   iiiiIin. 

Siiillli's  luliiih!  l.iylillioiHi' S.  ^^7         !•;.  Ill',   iiiilrH. 

l>!i\ iilsdii  itiiiU  I i;ii-.;iiiM  sir.iii  1 N.  r.i;      i:.       ii;',  mhIin. 

Siiiilli  I'liiiil  111' Sjj l'i;iiiU  uiilraiirr  111  San  Juan  cliiii Ii    N.  ii'.'        I'..  ;•'(  rnili'M. 

K.ll>  l(r.'l'«  in   llairiSliail N. -J-        \V.  7.J  iniltH. 

riie  Iloiiiinion  of  Canada  projioses  to  plaee  a  foj,'  si;,'ual  at   the  Lij,dilhouse  on  Discovery 

l-l.iiid. 

/ii/i«.— Tin'  liiuli  water  at  tin'  riill  ami  rtian;;r  ut  Ihc  Mmni  iniiri'iiiilai  ami  iiinrli  inllni'iicrd  li.v  lirfvailini;  wIiiiIn; 

ill.  ^irali'Ml  riw  ami  fall  iillin-  inli'  at  Hisinvi'iy   Ul.iml  is  fwilvr  Ciil.      Iiiiiiii;;  ^ i.-r  nllm  In  tlic  cli.inni'ls  Ilic 

il I  '.Iriain  runiimMii  is  al   lil'lirii  i t.s  |ia.sl   il.\rn  a.m..   iniiniii;;   «  illi  ijiial   .sliiii;,'tli  till  ni'.iil.v   llm  r  p.  m., 

.ill.  I  wlinli  IhiI  lilllc  I  iclr  ii  till  II  III  1 1  rmii  a.  iii.  uii  tlir  t'lillim  iiij;   ila.N .  «  litii  tlio  ilili  riPiiiimiiiiN  ami  riiii.s  till  nearly 
1 1.    I'll  .1.  Ill  .  till'  tiiiK'  ol'  ii>»  nalri  liv  I  III'  --1 11 II I-      I  K'ii'liai'ils.  I 

The  island  vyan  iianied  l>,v  Kellett  after  X'aiicoiiver's  two  ships. 

.><MITir.s    l.si,.\Nli,  HTK.MT  or   I'l  I'A. 

The  only  islaiul  lyiii;;  hioadly  in  liie  .Strait  ot  P'tna  is  Sniitli's  Island,  near  the  eastern  ternii- 
ii.iiiuii  of  the  .strait,  within  six  tnili's  of  Wliiiliiey  Island,  and  .seven  miles  Itioad  olf  the  southern 
riiliaiii'e  to  the  Itosaii'o  Strait.  Il  is  i|iii|e  small,  not  oceiipyin^'  half  a  sipiare  mile,  and  ri.ses 
II  .I'liiarl.s  from  the  eastern  In  the  vNt'sti'in  extreiniiy,  where  ii  attains  a  liei;:lit  of  aliotit  til'tytlve 
ii'i'i.  with  an  almost  peipeiidii'iilai  rlilf  ol Clay  and  ^.^immI.  W'Im'ii  apprnaehed  from  I'nint  Wilson 
ami  seen  ill  till*  iiiorniii(;  sun,  the  island  show^a  lii'i;;lil.  low  t-litt'witha  Itlaek  line  on  top,  and 
iiiiiniii;;  down  to  the  low  point  at  tlie  east.  The  l.iulit  Intiise  and  linildiiij;s  show  white  II 
li'iiiii'ily  sustained  a  few  dieaiN  lonUiiii,'  trees,  lint  none  of  ;; real  lliirkne.ss  or  liei^hi,  and  thi^ 
Miii.ii'e  is  eovered  with  a  '.rrowth  of  luishes  leu  or  twelve  teel  hi;;h.  'I  liere  is  im  fresh  watei'  to  liei 
ii'iiiiil  on  the  island,  and  i  ".  .>  or  I  It  tee  feet  lielow  the  siiil'aee  there  is  a  stratum  of  hard,  dry  ^laeial 
'■l,i\  with  pebliles. 

.\  veiy  small,  low  islet  ealled  Minor,*  exislsone  mile  norlheasi  of.^mitli's  Island,  and  at  very 
'.»  lilies  it  is  eoniieeted  with  il  li.\  a  iiairow  rid;:e  of  liow  Iders  and  roek.s.  A  field  of  kelpexteiids 
lollie  westward  of  .Smith's  l.sland  for  oneainl  a  half  miles.and  has  a  width  of  ii  mile.  In  sailin;; 
iiiii>ii;:h  this  tield  we  found  the  drplli  of  water  iiiiiforin  at  six  and  a  half  fathonis.  and  in  no  plaee 
iliil  we  ;,et  le.ss;  liiit  in  IS7<I  llie  I'ttiiiilh  roi/  foiiiid  a  simhiii  mil,-,  hare  at  the  lowest  tides.  It  is 
iliiie  ei;;hths  of  a  mile  south  lil't.v  ei-lit  decrees  wist  (S.  'tS'  \\.)  from  the  lii^ht  house,  and  in  a 
I".:  .1  larpi  liimlterman  ivas  seen  •^i<\\i'^  lielweeii  il  and  the  island.     Tliu  liottoni  is  haul  .ind  .sandy. 

\iiiillier,snialler,  tield  isseen  lotln'  west  ward  of  the  one  just  mentioned.  <iood  anehora};e  is  found 
"Il  llie  north  side  uf  thv  island,  ea>l  of  the  kelp,  in  Ir ten  to  live  tathonis;  and  on  tlio  .south 

nil  of  the  island  east  of  the  kelp,  in  from  ten  to  ei;;lit  tathonis  of  water,  hard  liottom.  We 
|>iili'd  our  ealile  here  in  a  southeast  ;,Mle,  Init  the  smooth  .sandy  liottom  etialiled  us  afterwards  to 
Mcitte  the  anelior.  Otf  the  easteiti  end  of  the  small  islet  vet y  deep  water  is  toiiiid  elose  to  the 
sliiife. 

•  Naiiiril  li.v  tin    I'    S.  (ii.iHl  .Siiivrv  in  Kil. 


41 


PACIFIC    (mAhT    IMI,<tT. 


?'   i 


■»■ 


'■ff'/y 


TIIK  I.IOIITIHH-SK  ON  SMITH'S   ISLAND. 

Thin  striirturo  consists  of  a  kt'«'|K'r's  »lwt'lliiiK,  willi  a  Hliort  i-oiiimI  towor  rising  tlinmj,  n,,. 
wcsti'iii  lialt  of  tli<>  roof,  aiitl  Niiriiioiiiitt'il  liy  an  iron  lanti-rn  paiiitfil  lilark.  Its  lit'i;;lit  i~  i.,iu 
our  ami  a  half  feet  aliovt>  lhi>  siirlact' of  (lie  ^rountl.  The  ilwillint;  anil  towt-i  arc  of  luui,  ,,|„{ 
all'  |)lasti'ii-il  ami  uhit<-\v.i:>hiMl,  anil  sitiiati-ii  on  Ihi-  lii}.'hi-st  |>ait  of  the  islanil  nrar  thr  .siiinhvt,,,, 
|Hiinl.  All  till-  tnrs  havo  Imtii  cut  ilowp  to  alloni  a  rli'ai  horizon  in  ivfi.v  iliii'ition.  Tin  illiiuii 
natinK  apparatnH  is  of  tho  fourth  oriliTof  Ihi'  system  of  Fii'sm-I,  ami  shows  a  irltilr  tlaxh  ■  n,-,,  /„,/; 
minuli.  Till'  liri(,'hti'sl  pari  of  tin-  Mash  lasts  llvi'  si'i-omis.  Whi'ii  ii  vi-ssi-l  is  I'losi'  to  it  tin  Ii:;||| 
is  not  lost,  but  varii's  from  ixtromi'  lirilliani',v  to  a  faint  li;;lit. 

Tlir  fiM-al   plane   of  tlii-  lens  is  ninety  one  feet  almve  the  mean  level  of  tlie  sea,  ami  uihlii 
favurahle  euiiilitions  of  the  atmosphere  the  li^'hl  slmnlil  lie  seen  from  a  height  of — 

III  fi'i't  lit  II  tliiiiinri-  iif  II. Ti  iiiili'M. 
'.Ml  fi'i't  at  n  iliNtuiiir  <it  ti'i.o  iiiilfM. 
:iii  tVi't   :it    a  iIihIiiiu'i'  <>I'  17  I    iiiili'N. 

It  was  lirst  exhiliiti'il  on  the  iMli  of  Oi'tolier,  IS.'(S,  anil  shows  from  sunset  to  siinrJM'. 
The  j;eoj;iaphiial  po.Mtionot  tlielij{hl,  as  iletermineil  liy  the  I'.S.  (\»astanil  (ieoihiic  .Siiim\ 
is: 

Laliliidi' 4H     111   iNi  .■«  iKirlli 

l.niii;iliiili' Vtt-'  M    Xi  .7  wcHi 

Or.    Ill  lliiir fi'   II"".>',>".I. 

In  .limtiars,  ISSii,  the  ma;:iietii'  variation  was  'JL"  lli'  east,  anil  was  at  its  maximum  i,itii:f. 
The  li;;lit  shows  into  the  ciiliamesof  (Janal  tie  ilaro,  Hosario Strait,  unit  Ailmiralt.\  liilii,.iiiil 
out  into  the  Strait  of  Juan  ile  Fuca. 

BKACON    NEAIl   SMITH'S   ISLAND. 

At  the  extremity  of  Miiioi  Islet,  alreaily  ileseriheil,  there  has  been  eroctoil  a  beacon.  It  i.  i 
tr/ 1/(  (rifiixl  tliiit>  Mve  fert  hi^h.  with  boarils  on  the  upper  half,  niakint;  it  apjiear  as  an  iIiv.iImI 
p.vramiti.  It  is  plaeeil  on  the  east<'rn  eml  ot  Minor  Islet  neat  liiKh  water  mark,  anil  beaiN  imiiii 
east  one  ami  om-ei^ihth  miles  from  Smith's  Islan  '  l.it;lit.  Outside  of  this  beaeon  tlic  il('|<ili  I 
water  inereases  veiy  smlilenly  to  ten  lathoms  to  the  eastwaril,  but  not  so  sharpi.t  .1  \\n-  mit 
wanl. 

From  Smith's  Islainl  Lighthouse  we  have  the  followiii);  beariii(;s  and  ilistanees  to  iiii|<mii.iii; 
objects: 

Ni'W  I)iiii;;(>m'«H  I.inlit-liMiMc ."^    'JliJ     \V  !-',  miles 

i;<ii/ iiimk  i.i^iii-iioii-,.' s.  ;t'.i     \v.      '.'ij  iiiiifH 

Ka<<- KocKh  l.inlilliiiiiM' S    r«.'i  W.  ■.•7i  mili.s 

K.si|iiiiiialt  l.i;;lilliiiiisi- ( Mill  inlcrviHilili') H.   fsi  W.  'Jl    iiiilis. 

I  rial   MiiiiiU S.  7'.l  W.  I--  iiiii,-. 

lliiii  Hank,  llirt'f  aiiil  niiclialf  fatliiiiii  h|miI S.   7-  \V  h    niilif. 

DisiiiMT.v  iMliiiil  I.mlit-liciiiw S,   "7  \V.  Iti'i  mills 

Tail  111'  I lir  .'salmiiii  Hank,  fiitraiiii' Sail  .Iiiaii  Cliaiiiiil N   I'l.'.  W.  ^'j  milis 

li.iMiJMiiii  Km  k,  wi'.tl  siilr  Hiisariii  Strait      N.  I-  W.  'i    milis 

Law  Mill  I.i-il;;i',  rant   milr  ItoMirm  .Sirail   N.  •.'"  K.  7^  milis 

I'arlriilKi' Hank  Illa.k  Ilimy .S.  '.".I  W.  ;(•;  milis 

I'aMriii),'!'  I'liiiil  Iti'il   Iliiuy S.    I;i  V,.  li    iiiilis 

WiU.in  riiiiil    I.ihIiI  Imiiw S.   I.'i  K.  II     milis. 

Ailmiralty  Iliail  l.i^lit  in  not  iiitrrviHililc. 

Tlieislaiiil  wasili.seovereil  by  Kli/.a  in  17!M  ami  n.imeil  Isia  ile  lioiiilla.  N'aneouver  ;,mm  nun 
name,  17!)2.  This  islami  was  named  Kliiiit's  Island  by  the  Knited  Slates  ICxploiin;;  llxiinMhiii  lu 
IMl.  On  the  lliiulisli  Admiralty  chart  of  1847  it  was  called  Smith's  Island.  It  is  now  i;iiii  i:ili> 
known  by  the  latter  uaiue. 


'1 

ij 

! 

, 

V. 

' 

"-■. 

1 

1 

i 

IN 


•TMBUpwaW'  .1.1'  <!U'|il,.:ut.>  -.y-* 


MiMiiil  Coniititiition. 

i.O|l4<«   IkUllll. 


\Viilirniiii.'l,   ||,.;i,l  IrimcM  l.lniKl. 

Smrli'H  InIiii.U  l.iylii  hiiiiiw,  N    liv  W   J  W.f.^  mhIi'h. 


•  'M.rcw.H  iHlnnil,  1, 
Knn.irin  >*ti;iii. 


'iA':  Us»: 


KiirroWH  InIuikI  I  nlaln.i  InIuikI 

All.'iii  Miiijcl 


Mnniii  Kric,  l.iilKi  d'ct. 


IlPCf-lllhllr     I'.'tlW. 

Siiiilli'H  IhIiii      l.iKht-lioUHC, 
NK  liv  N   <  ■>•    lij  iiiilcH. 


Mount  CiiiiKtitutiori  Kopr/  Ishtinl 


H!iikol\  Islaiiil.  l.dl'l  feci.         l.mimii  Is   .iid.  1,5110  fc 


<'y|.r4M  Ulanil,  \,.t'M  (mt. 


._-.*^«;%;,:::''<^?v....._^ 


Hnrruw'n  iHlnnil. 
AIIkii  iHliitid. 


riilalKO  UUod. 


^.^ 


.•!■•**'•>*«  «r  aB:_  411^  ■■>..:ii|!rh^._..^^»'«- 1 


:'3^i^.1ft-l**lA'^Vt^rff1f'?<IW*ll'»{'«»t'* 


I)p('0|llhMi  I'.'tHH. 

Siiiilli'H  IhIiii     i,i({lit-liouHP, 
NK  liy  \   .  N    r>|  iiiiloN. 


Wliidliey  iHlitnd. 


■*"t  -  ,- 


'«N,*Mflu:"''V?p.-,, 


II  fill.         Lniniii  Ik^  ,11(1.  !,r>llO  fcpt.        fyjin'ts  IsKind.  1  ">ii'  iVi'i.        W  .iiifi'uu'li  llt'iul.  Soiuliwcst  InIadiI.  Kiwnriii  Strait. 


I'llll 


I'"" 

null 
ill  • 

.  I 

Ihill 
lull 
Wh 
i>\  - 
I'.l-I 
'llll'i 
Mull 


«     .1 


I.     V  J 


"1 11:1 

lircll 


II II  III  I 
{Mil  I 
IM-I 
lllll    I 


\n 


I'  ft  '<•  ■  * 


Hll     III 

I 

Ihr  /• 
Mini 
ll'l  I  I 
«.ltl-| 
■li'lUI 

^llll|| 
l\lll' 


CACMIl'    roAHf    I'll.MT. 


5r.;5 


UANKS  AND  KIKLDS  Ol'  KKM'  IN  TIIK  STKAIT  Ol'   I'UCA. 
nil     IIAHSI  I.U    HANK, 
liinlll   HImI    it    llillr  mill's  IKiilli    .•,|\|\    i|r;;ircs    Wol    (N.dO     W.)  Iiiilii   Nrw    I  (iiiiyi'lii'H.s   l.i;;lil 


lull  I',  on  the  liiKniiiil  immiIv    iiiiilu:i\    in  \  irtnii.i.  nOkH'   iIic  rmiiit'i'  ili;irt- 


iiM-  <ii'|itiis  riiiiii 


iliiiiN  His  Nil'dils  riiiii  r.iiliiiiiis,  tlifii'  li,i>   1 11  «lt'\t'lii|ii'i|  .1  iwniiN  r.iilioiii  li.mk  iwii  mill's  |i 

iiniHi  itml  .'hoiiIIi,  ami  Ihill  a  iiiili'  unit',  with  ii>  litilc  ;ih  liiici'ii  Tail 


mills  III'  VNairr  iimt  il. 


I'M.TIUIlill;    HANK. 


i  liirr  miles  siiiilli  tlii'i-e  i|iiai't<-i's  \M'.>.|  tiiim  Siiuili's  Isl.iml  l.i;^lil  liniisc  is  ; In- mii'llnM-slriii 
|iiiiiii  III  I  Ills  I  tail  Ik  >M  til  111  III!'  limits  III  It'll  r.i  I  III  nils  III  will  ri.  Insult-  ilial  il.'|i|li  Hit'  li.ttik  is  tliii'f 
mill  -  Inn;:  wi-nI  Ii.v  iniitli  anil  east  In  snntli,  niif  ami  a  liall  n  il<'>  in  witltli,  anil  llir  cisliin  ex 
iiriiiitN  irai'lifs  witliin  tnir  ami  a  hall  niilfs  nl'  raitritl;,'f  rninl.  Il  is  in-ailN  mi  llir  |iii)liiii;;atliin 
III  lilt' Nliiii't'  liiif  li'iiiii  Ailiiiiralt.s  IIimiI  In  llii'  |iiiiiit.  'I'lii>  nnrlli  ami  i-as*  slilt's  tail  nil  sliai|il,v  In 
'vtriiiN  .mil  lliirtv  talliniiis.     'I'lic  Ixiitnin  is  <if  i<'iall,\  sainl,  ^Tavt-I.  anil  linw  ItliTs,  i'\i'i'|it  iit'i.:-  ilif 

^iii.iirsl  S|iiit,  wlli'ic    l(    IS  !'ni'k,\   ami    tlUi'kl.N   I'tiMTl'il  Willi    l.i  !i'       Tills  ilan;;r|nlls  link  Ill's  nil  tllf 

iiiiiilii'iii  siild  III  tlic  bank  niiilway  lirUVfi'ii  ilif  tast  ami  wt-Nt  >'i.i!-.  Il  lias  a  ili'|i|li  nl'  mily  t'niii' 
lull  I'l'i'l  al  Ilif  liMVi'sl  walt'i,  ami  is  i|i-<iaiil  tliiii'  ami  a  i|iiaiti  i  iiiiirs  Imm  tlif  lll'illl'^t  ••linic  nl' 
Wlmllirx   Islalitl.      A  i'nii>iilt'ialili'  |iail  nl    llit-  liaiik  i>  i'iimtiiI  widi  li'lp,  wlinli  is  inni'li  iiinli'ii  nil 


|i\   ^lliiTi;;   t'lllltnls.      'I'lif    kt'lji   ;;i'm'|,ill\   t'Sirm 


n   llir   -    M'll  l;r 


111  I'lilVf.  t'\rf|il  Inw  iinls  till' 


r,i>lri  II  I'liil,  ulit'ii'  till'  >linal  iiai  I'nvN '<  ami  im  ki'lji  t'\i^;  <  Ih'MiihI  a  iIi  |iIIi  nl  I'niu  ratlmms.  'I'lii* 
<  Hiii'iits  nvi  I  'III' liaiik  ail'  11  it'^nlai ,  i'\i'i'|it  ninli'i  I  lit' t'astt'i  ii  i'\l  it  init,\ ,  w  liiTf  I  Iu'n  si't  sli'iin;;lv 
imiii  lilt-  1  tirih  ami  ninllivvt'sl  at  llnnil  ami  flili  tnlt's. 

ilii'i'i-  arc  ciirrcnt  rips  nn  all  tin-  hanks  in  tlif  Siiait  <<(  T'lifa  wliuli  split  tlif  ninviii;^  vtilmni's 
.i|  u.itt'i  ;  ami  tlirst-  rips  art'  lii-avifi  in  \M'slt'rl,\  uiiiils. 

Il  i>  icpniti'il  that  a  inrk  has  lii'i'ii  si'i'ii  at  tin'  Inwi'sl  spriii;:  tiilt's  nn  this  liank;  lull  tlif 
iiii.:iimI  siirvt-v  was  niatlc  al  tin-  hiwi-st  spun:;  tnlfs  ami  no  tl,iii;;i'i'  scfii,  ami  tins  i'f|ini'l  has  nnt 

lll'f  II    V  I'lllifll. 


Ill  iiV   iiN    tllK    I'AIMIilliiil-;    HANK. 


I'll  mark  the  ilanm'rnns  imkN  s|iii|  nn  tins  li.tnk  a  lirslihiss  rnii  Intnii,  juiiiitiil  lilml:  <inil 
\iimliinil  I,  has  liffll  plari'il  III  I  vM  nt.V  tnlll  tit't  nl'  watfl'  at  Ilif  .snlllhcasl  pnilll  of  tllf  lliit'kfst 
i.ilrli  III'  kflp  ami  ilisiani  si\t>  si\  \aiils  sniiih  lwfiit\  lixf  tlfuit'fs  ami  twenty  tliiff  miiiiitfs 
'.V  I'l.)  I'rnin  tllf  Iniii  Iff  n  I't't't  im-k  ami  nn  the  liiif  tliinii;.'h  Sinitli's  Islainl  la;:lit'linnsf 


i'.l>l      .'SI.  '2.1 


iiiil  Ilif  rofk.     Tllf  rnllnwiii;;  ltfami;.'s  ami  ilislamts  art-  ;;i\<'ii  tn  Inealf  tin-  liiin.N 


Mllltll'->  Nhlliil   l.l^lll   lull 

I'liiiii  r.iilriii^i   i.'iil  Hill 

AillMll.lll>     lll.lil    l.l^lll    II 

r I  wiUnii  t.i^iii  iiiiiif 

rill'  Miililli'  III  I'liilrt'llin 

Nr»    |lMll^rllr>'<    l.li;lll    11 


IN    Ml 

llM 

r.iii 

lllll^   

■  •>«•.....   .s 

77 

11 11  Mr 

,s 

...               .^ 

I'l 

1  1^1. 

ml 

.s 

iiilsi 

S 

IJ 

II  u 


:i.7  iiiili'N. 
■-'.7  null's. 


^iiiili' 


\  i's.sels  liniiml  I'l tllf  Wfsifin  pait  nl'  tlif  strait   into  .\iliniralt\  liilfl  must  Itavi- this  liiioy 


Mil'  |»ni't  liaiitl.     N'i'ssfis  passim 


this  lilat'k  liiiny  will   liml  tlif  iifxt  liiiny  oil'  I'ailritiK*'  I'omt  a 


iril  mil',  whii'li  llifV  iiiiisl  li'a\f  nil  tin-  pnit  liaiiil  it'  Imiiml  iiiln  Ailinirally  liilft. 


In  It 


ililinns  wf  iinteil  tllf  l.ii'l  tli.il  livf  l.itlinm-  nl'  walfr  hail  liffii  It.;. ml  iipnii  tlif  hank 


till 


/'i(»((//(»'i»y  hail  pas8f(l  tner  it  ami  IdiiihI  Iniii  ami  ihife  lomlhs  t'athnms  nvfi-  a  ilfar  wliitf 
viiiil  plainly  visihle.  In  .Iiiiie,  l.sTI.  the  ship  •/((»«(.<  I,'.  A'k/cc.  Inatlftl  «illi  iiiiif  hiimlre!!  llmnsaml 
111  I  nl'  liiiiilter  I'oi  San  I''ranti,sfn,  striifk  npnii  tlif  hank  in  twfiity  tliri'f  Iffl  iilwalfial  tlielnwe.st 


itii,  I'finaiiiftl  fast  I'nr  halt'  an 


hniii .  ami  fanif  nil  h'akii'::  hailly.     Thf  slm.il  w  as  .snninlfil  out  in 


li'i.iil  Ml  An},Mist,  I.S71,  ami  thf  rniiiifi'iitit'i   infk  ilisi'i>\   rt'i 


I.     I>iiiiii^  thf  siifM'v  a  Sfiy  ii^ly. 


■liiH  I  iTosssea  was 
Mn  iiilty  uf  tbu  Iniiik. 


kifketl  up  ill  strong;  wiiuls,  au«l  the  best  aiicboratje  was  foiiiiil  uiitler  llic eastern 


V 


:>'.4 


•ACIKIC   CdAST    ni.iiT. 


TIIK    IIKIN    HANK,  STK All    nK    ITCA. 

I'MMiiiitr   Wfst   ImII"  soiiili   t'loiii   Smiiirs  Islaiiil   l.i^'lit  Iiniisc.  iiiiil  i'i;,'lit  mil.vs  .li.i  ,,  ;.  is 
otluT  licltl  of  ki'lp,  II' .;rl\  a  mile  ill  t'xlfiil.     We  caiiic  iiin-\|i»Tif(ll.\  iipiiii  ii  at  lii-in.  m  ;-,i  ,|, 
III;;  a  luavN  Mow  wiili  rain.     Ii  was  not   tlit'ii  inarkftl  on  any  cliail.     Nc\i   nioiniis-  «,   ,,,„||,|, 
lliroii^;li  ii  anil  toiind  tlu'tlcpth  of  watt'r  very  iiiiiforiii  at  li\r  fallioins,  wiHi  haul  >,iii,U  |„iii.,iii 

IJri'fiii  partial  fxaminatioiis  sliow  that  this  licld  marks  the  mnllifin  jtail  of  the  li.ml.  Im 
iii-arlv  iioilli  anil  sonih,  with  a  li'n;;lh  of  four  anil  a  half  milrs  ami  a  Inradih  of  mn.  ;i,i,|  .|'|,, 
iiiilfs  «  ilhin  till'  limits  of  thf  twi'iit.v  fathom  lino,  timl  that  tin-  least  water  fiiiiinl  ain.iii::  Mim  1„ 
near  the  i  Msleiii  fil;;e  of  the  lielil  is  three  ami  a  half  fathoms,  where  Smith's  Islaml  \.\  U\  li,,,, 
liears  iiiM  III  ei-lil,\  two  ile;,'iees  east  (N.  Sli  Iv ).  ilislaill  eiy;ht  inih  s,  ami  New  Dllii-ein -.  hi-i 
house  alioiil  MiMlh  foiiil.en  ile;:rees  east  (S.  II  1 ;.  i.  illsiaiit  tell  aiiil  a  half  iiiile>.  J\,,^  |g 
.shoiiM  lie  a\oii|iil,     'I'lieie  m.i\  lie  ilaii;;eroas  poinled  loeks  in  the  thick  kelp. 

We  ii.imeil  this  li.jik  in  IS.M. 

In  llie  i:ii;;li>h  A.liiinalt.N  ehail.  No.  I'.HT.  pnlilisheil  in  isii.".,  it  is  ealled  the  I'oiiti'  |;,ii,|,. 

'I'lie  lieiil  laid  clown   as  iloiilittiil   on   Ihe   Ailmiralls  iliait   of  1M7,  neail.v   west    tin,,  ,,,i.i|i, 
mil t!i.  lour  mih's  t'rom   Siniili"s   Islaml,  ami   li.niii;,'  oiil\  two   fallioms   maikeil    iipMH  ii.  n  ,^  |„,, 

son- hi  tor  li\  the  I'.  S.  «'(i,is|  SMi\e>   I  nit  not  foinul :    il  is  not  Ian  I  ilowi (he  Hi  Mi>li    \i|:i  n,,; 

I'harl  No.  I'.Ml,  with  eorrei'luins  to  ist;."!,  nor  rel'erreil  to  in  the  Naiieoiiver  islaml  I'lloi. 

rWKl.Vi;  1  ATlliiM    HANK.  SIIJAII     Ol'    I  TCA. 

I''i\e  miles  southwest  half  West  t'rom   .'smith's   Isl.iml    l.i;;lit  house  lies  the  northern  |i.iii  u! 
II. ink.  upon  which  elc\cii  ami   one  h. ill'  f.illioms  of  water   has   liecii   fniiml,  o\  ei-  ,i   lioiii,i:i  ,.i  i 
y;ia>  s.iml  .mil  iMukcii  sjiclls.     'I'hcie  is  no  kelp.     The  c\lcii;  of  I  he  li.mk  within  the  i  vvcni  \  i  iij , 
cm  \  c  IS  tliicc  miles   Ion;:,  In  ill;;   north  northwest   ami   son  tli  .soiiihe.ist,  ami  one  aii<i  ,i  li.iH  im  . 
Iiroail. 

I.AWSCiN    ki;ki'. 
This  is  ile.serilietl  at  the   'iitraiice  to  llos.irio  Strait. 


mi^'-'^' 


^ 


,,\i  ^^' 


mm  V 


HAM, AS    HANK, 
rills  h.is  lieeil  ile.seriheil  limlei   the  licail  of    I'rotecllon   Isl.iml. 

.SMMIIN     l;\NK,  W  A.sillMi  IciN    SuINt). 

Hue  ami   a    hall   miles  iliMi-tlx  soiiili   of  the  soiillieastern    point  ot'  San   .Juan    UI.iipI.  ii  ' 
soiiilieiii  entrance  to  the  .S.m  .liiaii  ('h.iiiiiel.  ami  ci^ht  ami   a   half  miles  norih   si\i\  toiii  iji  ;ii. 
West  t'lmii  .Smilli's  Islaml  I.i;;lil  house,  is  the  t.iil  of  a  sin. ill    liehl  of  kelp  ahoiil  hall   .1  iiiil>     ■  'i 
tli.il  h.is  as  liiile  as  two  fallioms  ol  water  anion;;  it.      Hilt  we  have  lieeii  inforineil  lli  ii  '    .    li.iil- 
l!a\  <  'oinpans's  steamer  Oiti  r  fmiml  as  little  as  six  feel  of  water  within  its  limits. 

'I'he  li.ink  within    the  lliree  f.iiliom  enrM-   is  one  mile   hint;   north   liv  west  ami  S..111I1  !■.  ■ 
ami  m.ii  l,\   h.ilf  a  mile  »  nle.     The  li.ink  exiemis  one  mile  farther  to  the  south  liv  e.ist  to  '  i>  I 
o|   the  ti'ii  l.ithiini  line.     There  is  no  Inioy  to  in. irk  this  ilaiiy;er.     A  Inios   would  be  of -ic.n  -^^  1 
on  the  tail  of  this  I  tank.     The  cnrrenl  s»'ls  li\  this  slio.il  into  the  iniddle  channel  with  .1  \<  I.t:. 
three  to  six  knots. 

Mclweeii  the  iioitlieiii  tiiiee  latliom  I ami  Catlle  roint,  on  San  .liiaii  Isl.iml.  lln  1.       ,. 

row   p.issa;;e  (Mil  \  111;;   toiil  and  a  li.ilf  f.illioins  of  water.     'I'liis  elianiicl    is  not    lecoiniii.  : i 

more  es|ieciall,\  as  the  latest   cli.iit    loc.ites   a   I  wo  l.il  lioiii    rock    I  wothi'ds  of  a  mile  oil  ). 

one  and  t  wo  tliilds  miles  .solitliwesi  liy  west  tr <  atlle  roiiil.      'I'llis  daiip-r  is  placed  .is  .ir    -.'l.i; 

|ioint  outside  the  t  weiity  t'atliom  line,  with  thirls   fathoms  lielweeii  it  and  the  Salmon  r..ii.t 

(At  ll.K.    rnINT    NKW    I.KiHT. 

On  <'attle  I'oiiit,  the  southeast    point  of  San  .liiaii  Island,  a  Ji.nil  irliitc  lii/lit  has  l«c.   1  |4,io. 
iipiin  a  white  post,     h  is  tilteeii  feet  lii;;li,  and  is  alioiit  one  hundred  feet  above  hi^'li  w.iici. 
The  li;;lit  was  ostalilished  October  1,  IS.s.S. 


I'ACII'IC    I'dAsr    I'll.KT. 


Minni.r,  i:.\m\s,  strait  hi-  itca. 


555 


live  iiiiil  ono-tliinl  iiiili-s  north  si\ty  live  dcfin'cs  vhm  (N.  •;.•)  i:.)  rioin  l»iscovfiy  Island 
l,,jii  hdiisr  is  the  noillnx'stcni  liiiiil  of  this  l);inU,  ;inil  tlu'  uiil.v  place  wlicii'  Icii  latlK.nis  of  wiitcr 
li,i,  hrcii  loiiiiil.  The  y;cni  lal  iliri'ction  (if  the  iiaiik  inside  Ihr  lilleen fallutni  lini' is  ninl Invest  and 
M.iiilieast.  and  the  aii-a  within  the  menl\  rallmni  curve  is  I'uni  s.jiiaie  inih's.  It  lies  liniad  otl'  the 
,  ,:,, lice  ti>  the  ("anal  de  IJani.  and  its  mutheast  side  falls  oil  iVoin  twenty  to  one  hundred  and  live 
;  ,,;  ,,iiis  in  seven  ei;;lit lis  of  a  mile.  There  is  seventy  live  fatlioiiiK  of  water  Itetweeii  it  and  tlu' 
li.  I  Uaiik,  and  to  the  south  southwest  it  slopes  away  {iradiially.  To  the  west  there  is  a  depth  of 
l,,iM  live  fathoms  towards  Discovery  Island  Iat,'ht  house.  The  liottoin  of  this  hank  is  ;;iay  sand 
,11,. I  iiioUeii  shells,  and  there  is  no  kdp  on  it. 

I'loiii   the    ten  fathom  spot  on  the  bank   Moiinl   Dallas.  Ilioiisaiid  ami  ci;;hl.\  si\  tcet  hij;h, 

,11,  -III  .liian  Island,  l)ears  noitli«e>t  t  wo  thirds  wisl  (N\\.  ,;  \\'.),  disiaiil    si\  and   one  half  miles. 

ciiNsi  wci;  i!\NK.  .•^ri;.\ii   hf  i-icv. 

I'liis  liank  lies  in  the  aiiproaches  in  Ivsipiimalt  ami  \  icioria  llarhois,  and  has  as  little  as  nino 
i.iiliiiinsof  water  upon  it  in  one  spot ,  w  Inch  lies  southeast  li\  east  three  iiiiarlerseasl  (SI).  Ity  K.  ,'  I',.) 
hvc.ind  three  fourths  miles  from  llsipiimalt  I-ij;ht  house,  and  southeast  one  lliinl  east  (SI-;.  .\  l'..\ 

I, .1,1   ,iiid  a  <|narter  miles  IV N'ictoii.i  l,i.i;hl  lionse.      It  is  in  the  iaii,m'  of  t!ie  red  li;;ht  showinjj; 

Ihiii  llsipiimall  IJ^iht  house.  The  ^'cncial  din-clio  i  ol'the  hank  inside  the  twenty  falhoin  line  is 
I...: ;  li  liy  east  (N.  l>y  K.)  and  south  \>\  west  (.S.  Iiy  W  .)  foi  two  miles,  and  the  width  nearly  one  and 
,1  liilf  miles.  There  are  some  soiiiidiii;;s  ot  eleven  fal  horns  upon  it  over  a  hotloni  ot' irravel  and 
!i|..!.cli  shells.  Oil  t he  iiorlhwest  side  t he  liaiik  drops  olf  to  lilly  I'allioms  of  water,  and  a  deep 
rliiiiiicl  eai'r.\iii}<  sixty  fathoms  of  walir  lies  lietwcen  it  and  the  shore  nea;'  Nicloria  llailiorand 
ilii  liial  Islands.  The  currents  run  tlnonuli  here  liom  three  to  si\  knots  an  hour.  Outside  of 
I'm   h.iiik,  two  miles  to  the  soulhe.isi.  the  ciinciits  run  from  two  to  four  knots  an  hour. 

I  Jiilils  <ntil  puliliis  III'  klip  III  these  waters  should  lie  avoided,  as  they  denote  foul,  rocky 
li.  '.>n,  ami  in  many  of  them  isolated  and  dangerous  points  of  rock  have  I  teen  found,  sometimes 
.Ml   liter  a  very  .scriitiiii/lnj;  siirvev. 


^ 


WASHINGTON   SOUND 

lli'lwien  the  southeast  pari  ot  N'aiicoiuer  Isl.iml  and  the  imiiidand  throii^^h  ten  to  lifteeii 
iiMii  >  i>f  latitude  lies  an  e\tcnsi\  e  ;;roiip  of  hi;:;h  mountainous  islands  cut  up  tiy  numerous  pa.ssa^es 
1:1  channels.  On  the  .south  the  islands  form  the  northern  limit  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  Strait 
..;  I  IK  i:  and  on  the  north  they  form  the  southern  limit  ol'  the  (Inlf  of  (ieoruia.  The  principal 
iliiiiiiels  thr(Ui^di  the  archipcla;;o  t'nim  s<iiith  to  mulli  aii'  the  Iv'osario  Strait  on  the  east,  the 
r. III. :l  de  llaro  on  the  west,  and  the  Sail  .liiaii  or  .Middle  channel   between   San  .liian  and    Lope/. 

I~;.llnls. 

I'hc  lii:;li  mouiilains  and  the  ehaniicis  and  passes  alVord  numerous  landmarks  and  raii};es  to 
\.>mIs  navi^ratin;;  these  waters. 

I'lie  currents  pass  tliidii;,'li  all  the  pass,ii;cs  with  );reat  vclocitv,  and  the  depth  of  water  is 
■  w  1  \  «  here  verv  ;j;reat. 


Kr.lll    IMCIv.    S\N     MAN'    t'lIANNKl, 


This  daii;,'er  lies  nearlv  in  midchannel  lietwcen  the  souihwesteni  shoi'e  of  Shaw  Isknid  and 
ilii  point  of  San  .Inan  Island  at  the  iiorlli  side  of  I'riday  harlioi.  It  lias  two  fatlionis  of  water 
■  ii  I  It,  and  lia.v  Iteeii  marked  liy  a  mii  Inmii  haviiij;  liiin-.niildl  ml  mnl  hhitl,  stiiins.  It  lies  one  and 
Mm  r  ci;;htlis  miles  west  liy  nurtli  one  ipiartcr  north  (W.  liy  N.  J  .N.)  from  riirii  Kock  Spindle. 

SAN    .It  AN    CIIANNKl.,   TDKN    HdCK. 

On  tlio  western  sidi*  of  the  channel  ami  live  miles  northwest  by  north  from  tho  southern  en. 

li.Miie  the  Turn  h'luh,  whi  ,h  liaresal  the  lowest  tides,  has  been  marked  with  an  I  mil  ^>()l./^•  having' 

I     'ii7<  painted /»(Mi(7  on  top.     It  lies  one  and  t  luce  ei';liths  inilcs  east  by  .south  one  ipiarter  .south 

K.  l.\  S.  1  S.)  from  lieid  K'ock  buoy.     This  roek  lies  alioiit   one  third  of  a  mile  eastwardly  from 

ilir  iM.rih  point  of  Turn   Island.     Tlieie  is  deep  water  around  it,  and  from  thirty  to  .sixty  fatli- 


556 


rACIKIC   COAST    ni.OT. 


■urn 


'-■4 


■  J I  111 


tuns  ill  mill  clianiu'l.     It  is  diivclly  (•pposilc  llif  soiKIhtii  «'iiliaiic.'  to  l'|iii;;lit  CliaiiiMl,  i...„,, 
IiO|K'/.  iiiiil  Sliiiw  Isliimls,  ami  at  tlu-  point  in  tin-  San  .liiaii  Cliaiini-I  wliiic  it     aan-cs  ii.  i|    ,,  n.'j 
to  IIm'  wt'st  nortliwfst. 

<lrijjiii   /;,/(/,— A  !<itit>-l)iiiiii,  iiaintfil  witli  lildrh  mid  ml  li<tiiz,iiil(il  sli-ipis,  lias  liccn  in .1  ;•,  t|, 

iil>proacli  to  Noitli  r.av,  wliltli  is  nortlu'iii  part  ol' lirillin   I'.av.     'I'lic  buoy  lies  tin.  .•  i,::     ,,| 
niiif  fast  ,.r  nortii  (i:.  In  N.)  from  tlii"  iiortli  t-ml  of  Diniifi  Island.     It  marks  a  <l,iiiii,i  ni.i  .||,,„] 
on   an>  cliarl,  ami  wjijcli  wuiijil    ajipi'ar  to   lie    the  tail   of  a  si\-lallioni    li'il;:r   inaMiiu  oiii   ii.iH 
mill-   to   Mic   soniliwaril    I'roiii  tin'   iiorlli   sliorr,  wlii.'li   is   rocky.     TImmc    is  a   ili-plli  oi    m  \,i,i,.,.l 
fatlionis  iiisiilc  tills   Icdfic  ami  ••Icvm  t'atlionis  dose  oiilsiilr.     Tlir  slio;;l   spot   liiisonU  tlih.t.J 
of  water  upon  it  at    low  tides,  and   is  well   indieated   In  a  iial.li  of  kelp  alioiit  a  ipiaitei  ..|  .,  imi 
in  extent. 

That  part  of  the  Strait  of  I'liea  east  of  Kaee  lloeks  to  Whidliey  Island  and  all  of  W  , 
Stuiiid   form   part   of  the   ••  <;iilf  of  (leor^iia  "  of  Vnneoiiver's  ;;eneral  ehart,  and    on  Ins 
chart  the  ••  (iiilpli  ot'  (ieoi};ia.'" 

\\aslmi;.'ton  Sound  has  also  iiecii  calleil  the  .\rchipela;,'o  de  llaro  tioiii  the  discovei  \  ct  1,, 
(ion/ales  di>  II, no  in  I7s;i.  and  of  (,)iiimpei  in  ITHO.  It  was  lirst  explored  In  Don  l"i;iii(  (,, 
Kliy.a  in  IT'.M. 

N'am'oiiver.  in    I7!l-.    passed    tliioii;:li    the  Itosario  Strait    from   the  south,  and  ;;iM-    i   -, 
rf|iresciitaiion  ol   the    ch.iniiel   and  islands,   his  lioals  c\idcntl\    working  amoiii,  tliein      iiii,ii| 
and  N'.ilde/.  in  I  TliL.'.   ilioiit  a  month  hiter  than  N'ancoin  ci,  passeil  thioiiuh  iiie  ol   tlie  sli.iii^  imi 
the  nortli,  and  represented  the  mass  of  isl.inds  as  one   which   tliev    desi;.'nalcd   Isia  de  San   I-mI 

The  a;;cn;s  and   laeiois  ot'  the   Hudson    May   CoiiipaiiN    doiilil  U'ss  knew   most  ol   lln- ili.i || 

islands  Slllise(p|elitl\  ;  still,  lip  to  IS,"),},  Ihey  exlljliited  only  e,\  e  sketches  of  the  ( 'anal  ili  I  ,■» 
north  and  east  o|  Sidney  Island.  In  IMI  the  I'nitcd  States  I'Ajdoi  ini,'  l'.\piiliti<rii  mi  ,  \^ 
reeonnaissaiice  of  the  aichipelatro.  Inil  did  not  l.i\  down  ihe  islands  on  tln' westii  n  >>i.  jg) 
Canal  de  llaro.  'I'iie  Itosario  Strait  was  then  siiiveved.  and  called  Ii'iiijx^old's  (Ik,!,!,  >■  ^ 
Most  of  the  islaml>,  cliannels,  |ioiiits,  etc.,  were  named  alter  otlicers  and  vessels  of  iIh    :  iijj 

it  is  said  to  have  lieeii  intended  to  call  the  whole  '^roiip  the  Navy  .\rcliipela,ud.  Ilic  (  .  j^ 
llaro  is  criiiiieoiisly  called  the  Canal  de  .\rro  liy  Vancoiner. 

The  Canal  de  II  ire  and  llosaiio  .Sirait  were  surveyed  liy  the  I'.  S.  Cnast  Siii\c\  m  !•  ,  i|| 
Is.'il.  when  llie  ii.uiie  \\  ,i>hin;iton  Sound  was  ajiplied  to  the  whole  arclilpela;;'o  IicIwith  iIi.  ,i|> 
land  and  Nancouvcr  Island. 


THIv  CANAL  Dfi:  MARO 


■ti  ■  I:  ^i 


-M 


Hi 


H 


The  .southern  entiance  may    lie  said   to   lie   lietweeii    hiscovery   Islan  1  on  the  ue--i  .<\,.i  i| 
southeast    poinl    ol   S.iii   .liiaii    l.sl.ind    l.vin^'   ten   and   a    half  miles  iioriheast    li\    ea>i    tli<i 
lietweeii  Ihsciivery  ami  <'lialhaiii    Islamis  and  the  nearest  shore  of  San  .liian  Island  '<>  il. 
northeast  the  Ineadlli  ol   the  canal  is  oiil\   li\'e  and  one-half  miles.      I.ookiii;^  noiiliwc.--t\v.,    I 
thiseiiliaiiee  there   is  a|pp  irciil  l.\   no  passaf:e  thron^;ii,  liccanse  the  lai;;('  islands  lo  the  in  i 
and  iioiiii  iiorthwest  o\  erl.ip  and  appear  to  toi  in  a  comparativels  low  hairier.      NevciilM:' 
is  one  principal  clianiiel  and   several  smaller  Init   a\ailalile  chaiiiicis  tliroii>:li  to  the  Iiiim<i 
ot   the  ( 11111  of  Cei>i';4Ja.      l''roiii  a  point  iiilhc  canal  two  miles  east  noillieast  tiom  DiMovei;.   i 
l.i^dil  a  course  can  lie  I, ml  w  lilcli  w  ill  carry  a  vessel  tliroii;;h  more  than  one  half  the  clia>ii.< 
11  sudden  and  sli.ii  p  c!ian;:e  to  the  noiiheasi   will,  with   a  sli^;lit    change,  take  a  vessel  i  Ir. 
the  ^'iiil. 

Tlie  lirst  course  i.s  north  thirty  si-M'ii  de;;rees  west  (N.  .'17  '  \\ .)  for  .sixteen  and  one  li  ,'i 
to  liet  wi'en  Stnail  and  .Moiesli.\   Islands;   then  northeast  for  seven  miles  ;   last  noilhihpr 
luiir  miles,  to   midway    lietweeii    I'atos    Isl.iiid    and   Satiirna  Island.     ,1    csm/  iitii.'.l  /nis 
tliisi  intli  in  iiilli  till  liilr.st  thiirls  <>r  n  fiimil  fiilnl. 

Comineiiclii;^  ,it  the  staitin;;  point  we  lia\e  Sun  ■liuiii    lalnini'  on  the  east  w  aid,  ,iml  | 
tlie  distance  of  o:  ,•  and   a   half  miles.     The    cniient    rips  arc  soinelimcs  ipiiie  iiaiij;eiin         |^ 
moll  111  ai  lis  of  .S.iii  .liiaii  use  to  one  thousand  and  ei^;lit\  six  feet,  and  some  of  iln  in  aieonls  |.i; 
covered  with  wood.     The  liliills  are  \  erv  piccipiloii.-,  and  inaccessible,  and  thedcpthof  uah: 
to  them  is  as  miich  as  one  hiindred  and  tifty  fathoms. 

*  N'llliiril  S.iii  .lii:iii  •.»  i:n;;li'-li  Ailiiiiiall.\  1  liiillsnT  1-17  :iiiil  I -.V.I ;  llillivin"  \i\  I  lie  IIiiiImmi  llaj  Ciiiiip  e;\ 
liy  till)  I'liihil  Slittin  l':\|>liiniit:   i:\|iiililioii,  l-ll. 


<"Ii:itilirl,   l..!u,.,.|| 
illl^cs  i|>  ii:i,.,i||,J 

I'l'll  iriiMiii  il   .;,  t 

■X     tlllCC   l;ll!.,   ,,( 

iliiilfi,  r  II,,'  .  i,,,n^  ) 
li;lKiii;^    c,ii<    il 
i'|illl    til'   ^^,-.,,1 
I'l-*  "lil\    (111,  ,■  |.,| 
1  i|ll'lltrl    .,|    ,,   ,.    li 


all  ofW,,  !,,■ 
il   I'll  Ins  ,    ',  1 


"I 


llsfdVcl  \     111     I,, 

I>iill    I''rillir  ,,i  I,  , 


i.U  llii'rii.     (i, ill, III 

)!■    tin-    SIIMIS    ||,,||        : 

Islil  lie  S;iii  ,1 
I  111'  I'll. I  III,,  •■   ,i|| 
II'  ('iiii.il  ,!,    I 

ICllillllll     ll,,|.|,.     || 

I'^li'in  M,| 

I's    (  'llMll;,  i    I'  ,:^ 
'  III'    till'   Il  r.  \  .    ,||j{| 

:•>.    Till  <  i  . ,  (]e 


i.ll 


111 


iii'\c\  III  1^:, ;  :i|[ 

i»'l  Wl'l'll     III,     1)  ,ii|. 


llic  uoi   mhI  \m 

\     (M.sl     III'  I     I!   >||, 

liiriil  <o  III,     ,,i|i, 

'IllUl'>IU.,:,|   :;,^ 
In  IIm-  Ii,  I'I: 

I'M'llliii.   -.  li  1^ 
till'  liimiil  \t  iij 

I>1M-1I\1'I\     I'll 
III'    I'lllllll,!    I.  ill 

N'CSM'I    I  lll,ii'      111 


ml   OIM'   hall    I  .  Ij 

nth  iiiii  II,'' , 
Hlisl  /iiis^    ';. 

Ill,  .iml  I'I 
(i.lllj^rliii!  li 

arc  i(iil\  |Mi;i;i 

llll  of    U.lll'l    ,  I 


I  ( 'iiliip.HH  :   !'■ 


?^^"i»;?^»!iirvvo  i^mimmt- 


V.  ■-'-fmi  -"^?it'"*'*5S?C^H^-^''-Si-^- 


Mi'init  Siiiliv.i.  .  -J,:!;)!!  f,.(.|. 
OiHfoven   Muii.i  l,i«i,i-li.,iiM',  .laiii.'«  i.,laiiil. 

N\V.  I.-     W   ..    •(!  l„ll.-H. 


i<iili!i-y  iNliirMl. 


(Miial  (if  Ham. 


^*'^'yjiA^!ft^*t«*i|*dfe^f*' 


Crditr  Hill,  ur  Mount  DuiigloH.  tl'.di  tirf. 


Himovery  iHlan.l.NW.  J  N.,(iJ  iiiilc!..         Siilm.y  It-lund 

l'i»:iu,  ,U'  Hun 


\V:iK|,ii,^.tii:]   I'lTnlory. 


Kill  1'  l(ii<k»  l.,ii;lil-lii;iB«,  v.  by 


fA- 


Hi'iiry  Isliiiid. 


(anal  dc  Haro. 


'.ff 


^'<^#^''>,^:' 


rm-gm^mae 


San  ,hian  Isliitiri. 
Mount  Dftllas,  l.ORiJ  fent. 


"■ — „-'lllS■»'•^•*■■•■.^f-■«'•■'J^W■ 


Siilnrv  IkIuikI 


Stuart  Ulan.l.  Honry  Fslan.I.  Sai,  Juan  Island. 


Kiu  M  Kurks  Litfljl-liniBe,  V.  by  K.  ^  K.,  1^  mile*. 


Mount  Milf.H. 


Vancouver  IbIroiI. 


rt 


I'M        'J^S 


^  "ii 


m^v ,' 


^,n. 


Mm-  1 


,i  tti 


Hf^ 


«; 


« 


J-    ' 

m 

f  i''.' 

:         1 

i 

1 

i 

i^i4  ii'jiliiJiii'iy^i/^^-' 


,  jt^.v,,fiv  vjl^p;!!^  -"•  f 1^  - 1  p-7i'!Fii««'»:^:r^:i°r!l:S;;iii 


Discnvnry  iHlaiul  Lif(ht-house, 

NW.  f  N.,()iiiil.-N. 


Cana)  de  Haro. 


■  '>.^-, 


ritL.iiimi'MiJiw 


W.1-,    mjiifeii'kj^!^ 


Cloud  and  liaze;  higtil^indg  not  vUil 


'I'illlfli.'- 


4,r:r  ifi, 


Moiiiit  CoiiHtitutioii,  »A'1H  feet.  N.|E.,S6inll«l. 

Nobof  Orcao,  1,104  f.-ot. 

Landmark  for  Midillo  t'Imiitii'l  PoHHagtt, 


Canal  do  Hitro. 


)ud  and  liaze;  tiigliiands  not  visible. 


i         t 


I   h 


fri' 


r-i^ 


!',  :i' 


^i-  t 


I  ..;* 


w^ 


i: :, 


.*.»', 


KiM<l<  Ml  I  <i<  as.  Iliil  li'i'l 


N<ii  III  Km  rill  t".  (  'iiimI  '!•'  II  ini. 
\V:ililrMM  IiIiihI,  •<  null'..  .-'kiiiiiirk  l"l.iii.|   7  .iiiltm 


^%?.*i:^fii^»«''\v^v»,'.%>wv5Ki."  ■  «,te!Kt--' 


^m^&S^*'^^'^^^ 


I'litiiN  l-ihllill 


.-:?  '-"^^'msi&^^^s^^m^mm^^ 


M;iii;i  Irti:iiiil.  S.         K..  ^  iniU-.i. 


Ur^ 


nil 


s.iiiirti.i  l'<i,iiiil 
Knm  I'liiii'  l.iulii  liMiiv. 
S  l>v  C.  4  iiiili'ti. 


^'VMi. 


^T'^?>j*»i.i#'«»»"-, 


Tiiii!>'  Hark,  I,''""  ''■•■l- 


im!i-». 


Miiu^i  Kii^t. 


S|r<('|M! 


-%  ;--rf 


wmmm 


''i 


i 


^^vH,;^gg4r'^-^---:i^v»i^jy^fy:y 


Bar.'  iHliiiid.  S.  i  W.,  ;IJ  unkH.        Cniml  <!..  Hiiro,  N.irtli  Eiitniiic.  from  SAV  l'„t„H  S 

Walilroii  Isliiiid.  u,.„,  l'„,|,t,(;i 


KimtMi('C>rriiB  l.lIM  Ir.-t, 
S.  liy  K.  J  K  .  ^  iiiilfH. 


Ur'ii-'  l>iliiiiil. 


Caiiiil  ilf  llari),  Niirtl]  Kiilriii, 
Uiiii>;la.-'  Clianiii'l. 


tttN^. 


..  ■  -.',;'■' '^-^  *■'!;■''■:•  ',"'■  ■''■■■'•  ■       ■    ,  ■■ 

^  "r  ■:  ■'  ■■  •■ .  }'•.•>•  n';:i,  '>'.<  •.!  "  ■  .    ,      ^  ■■  '  '.^ 
,   ,*   ■^.•';i^       *^C':"'-      ■.•.-'.'■■^;-^v»0/'^  .-.^ *•''".     ■■:,•.-    '^■.^ 


A 
.'"(• 


IS'Sl-hm  '  *  ■■^^^ 


}V)iiil  Ikiughls.  SK.  liy.S..  If  iinli'H 


TurtlM  Back  Knnge,  l.tlOU  fri't,  i    '■»«  I 


»'y'-:-i*; 


,fe:-- 


'!»  -•f* 


^W^<t^i»>'*«.. . 


Eiitriiiicii  fri)m  SAV  I'mii.k  Skipjack  IhImihI,  S.  Ipy  W.  j  \V,.  4  iiiilfH. 

^''I'^t  I't.iiit,  <li  miles. 


^::.rfsis»m;.^iia^iSI^^ 


Jiinjjla."  Cliaiiiii'l. 


Walilron  I»lati<l. 


In  Back  Knnge,  l.tlOO  fi'i't,  i    ''iw  lalaiiJ. 


.  li  r   i 


m    t 


iil 


wi 


■'I' 

nl 


III 
kl 
III 
IV 

111 

rl 
>l 

I.I 


I'ach'K"  coast  rii.oi'. 


:>.)( 


To  tin'  wpstwiinl  iiro  Doiifrlns  iind  Cliiilliaiii  Islmids  mihI  tlio  niiiiii  slioic  of  Vancouver  Islaiiil 
iii;iiL,il  liy  ii  rallifv  low,  Kin^'li,  lock.v  shore  line,  willi  iiiininoiis  roiiiiil  top|ii'(l  liills  ami  iiioiiiitaiiis 
,,l  i,i,"li'ialf  clcvalioii.  The  ^MvaliT  extent  of  the  strait  or  eanal  is  to  the  wi'stwaril  of  the  (-oiirse 
riMii.  slietehiii;;  oil'  into  lia.vs  anil  iiassa;,'es  anionj;  the  islands. 

COKIWORANT   BAY,'   VANCOUVKR   ISLAND. 

I  oiiiiorant  I'.ay  is  the  only  available  anehora^'e  aliont  this  entrance,  ft  coinniences  at,  (ionlon 
||,.,il  live  miles  norlli  sixty  three  (le;;rees  west  (N.(;:i  \V.)  from  Discovery  Island  Iii<,'hl  house ; 
ill,. II  >ii(i(hi's  westward  for  two  miles,  and  firadnally  curves  to  the  north-northwest,  witii  a  long 
i,..^|i  I  III),  hrokeii  and  liriuhl  at  I'mriirliiii  llcailyi  (onr  and  oiu'lialt'  miles  north  fifty  six  de;,'rce,s 
»,-!  (%..■)(»'  \V.)  Irom  (lordon  lli'ad.  Half  a  mile  liack  ol  the  .southwest  |iart  oC  the  liay  rises 
:i  l.ol(l  KicKy  topped  hill,  named  .Moiinl  l)oii;;las.i  which  reaches  a  heifjht  of  six  IniiKiredand  ninety 
lici.  Tiicre  is  anchora^M'  in  eiylit  to  ten  fiilioms.  ImcsIi  water  is  olitainalile  on  tin' southern 
>|ii>ie.- cif  the  iiay.     Thi'   northern  limit  of  the  liav  is  /^nv 7/  /.>7((/(//,l  mirtli  oin- ijuarter  west  four 

iiiilc-  li Cioidon   Head,  and  mi  this  course,  and  one  and  three  iinarters  miles  from  the  head,  is 

/,,„  /,'r.,/,.t  a  small  white  rock  showin;;  a  lew  leet  above  water,  with  plenty  of  water  around  it, 
lull  loiil  liotloni  and  a  iiatch  of  kelp  a  {'rw  hundred  yards  ninth-northwcstof  it. 


ZI'.KO    !!()(  K    HI^AfON. 

A  W'nodru  lUvroii  has  l>een  erected  on  Zero  K'ocU  near  its  middle.  The  rock  is  awa.sh  at  hi};!' 
\v;iici.  The  Ittddii  ix  iii/iiimiilnl,  tlilrl\  feel  in  height,  siirinounted  l>y  a]>oleaml  frame  in  the  shape 
iif  .111  olielisk  twenty  feet  hi;;li,  niakiii-  the  whole  structure  fifty  leet  aliove  the  water.  The  wholu 
i>  wliilcwashed. 

\i  one  mile  and  at  a  mile  ami  a  ipiarter  west  of  Zero  i;,)ck  aic  two.si/H/,c»  rocks.  In  the  hay  a 
,!(|i|li  of  not  over  twenty  falhoms  is  Ion  ik  I,  decreasinj,'  ii  rci^iilarly  in  advanciii},',  I  nit  in  the  southern 
|iniiinii  aifordin;;'  capital  holdiiii;'  in  leu  fathoms.  A  mile  and  a  iialf  east-.soulheast  from  (iordou 
Held  .lie  patches  of  kelp  and  foul  liotloni. 

I'la-  details  of  this  western  side  see  the  \'aneouver  Island  Pilot. 

When  ei.uht  and  a  half  miles  wiiliin  the  entrance  of  the  Canal  de  Ilaro  the  width  of  the 
.•iliaii  decrea.ses  to  tliicc  and  a  (pnirter  miles,  having'  Daicy  Islanil  (low  and  wooded)  on  the  west, 
HJili  a  •<iiiall  islet  olV  its  northeasi  face,  and  veiy  laijrc  tields  of  kelp  streti'liiUK  far  otf  the,  soutli- 
iM>l  pnini  into  the  c.inal.  In  ciic  of  these  liclds  we  discoM-red  in  lS.")t  a  sharp-pointed  rock, 
winch  Ims  lieeii  II, lined  I'liif  /I'ci/..;  It  lies  east  liy  south  ti\  c  ei;;hths  south  ( 11.  by  S.  '  S.)  l>oin 
llic  soiillieast  point  of  H.iicy  Island  and  distant  from  it  tliree-ipnirters  of  a  mile.  The  sinalUharp 
;i|M-\  (if  this  lock  rises  abiiiit  lliree  feel  above  the  veiy  lowest  tides.  In  recu'iit  charts  deep  water 
i«  placcil  annind  it,  and  w  hen  Hie  Coast  Siii  ve.\  bii^^  l-'iiinilli  roij  beat  thron^'h  the  field  the  existence 
III  I  his  danj^er  was  unknown. 

KI'.l.l'    KKKl',    CANAI.    I))'.   IIAKO. 

Since  the  discovery  ol  I 'nit  li'oi'k  several  sinikcn  rocks  have  bei'ii  discoveriMl  farther  out  towards 
llic  middle  of  the  strait.  Tlieie  is  a  space  ol'  iicail.s  one  sipiarc  mile,  with  I'oiir  lUinijiix  marked  by 
kelp.  The  soiitln  .istein  oiii^  iincovei-i  at  the  lowest  spriiii;  lilies;  it  is  se\  en  and  one-fourth  miles 
iieilli  thirty  deurees  west  ( N.  ■'!<>  NN.)  irom  hiscoveiy  Island  la^lit-hoiise,  and  only  two  and 
luM  thuds  miles  from  San.liian  Nl.iiid.  The  next  one  to  the  north  ward  has  two  fathoms  of  water 
ii{Min  it  and  lies  iicariv  li.ill  a  mile  iioilh  of  the  I'urmer,  or  .seven  and  a  h.ilf  miles  norlh  twenty- 
ii-lit  decrees  west  (N.  .'.S  \V.)  fnnn  l>lsiiiver\  l>lainl  I  a  1;  hi  house.  In  the  mid  channel  of  the 
.^ll,lit  bctwci'ii  this  kelp  reef  and  San  .Iiiaii  Island,  the  dejilh  of  water  is  one  hundred  ami  forty 
'  ihiiiii.s  and  the  currents  run  from  ihice  to  six  miles  per  hour. 

I'he  island  to  the  e.i.-.|  u  aid,  iie.iil.v  abreast  of  Dai'cy,  with  a  small  cove  at  its  .siait  hern  end, 
>>  //')(/•//  lsl<tnil.[\  having' a  hif^h,  rock> ,  piecipiloiis  front,  and  a  swirlin-- current  around  it.  Il 
his  on  the  northwest  part  of  San  .In. m  Island,  and  ihe  .l/(>M//^^.  r//<ni»r/,  cai  ryiiij;  three  falhoms  of 


If 


•iiti  Ihr  Kii(,'lisli  A.liniriillv  rliail.  I-IT,  it  1-  i;illi'i!  ('iiiil'i\:i   l(;n  .     1  Hi  iIimI  .a  l-.V.l  cl  is  .-iilli'il  ('.piMi.iniiil  11. ly 
!  I'tiiin  lliiMiaini- Ml   llir  liiilijii  IriU.-  in  llii-  \  iniiil\  .     AilMiir:ill.\  cliail,  1-lT. 
■  Ailniirallv  c  liail.  1-17. 

V.inicd  liy  tin-  I'.  S   Cuast  Snivcy  in  l-."'l. 

V.inii'il  l.\  Ihe  riiili-il  Slati-M  llNplni  iiii;  l'.\|irilitiiin.  1-11. 


mi 


ij 


)'!«'> 


( t 


■iM 


!m-    .r: 
Ifei     .. 


r 


)58 


PACIKK"    COAST    I'll.oT. 


"/"'I/ 


wator,  runs  In'twcon  tlii'in.  Fiiitlicr  nii.  iiii<l  to  llic  westward,  is  tlio  8ontli»'iiHf  finl  ..i  ,v„/ 
IxhtHil,*  one  ami  a  liall"  iiiilcs  iiDillnvanl  ol  l>arc.v.  with  tho  Ihl  h'oikH  hctwcfn  tluni.  !,  .1  i,,.,, 
Sidiii'.v.  Tliis  islaml  is  not  liiy:li  liiio  tlinsn  on  tlic  caslcrri  siil«>  of  tlic  cliaiiiicl,  aiitl  a  I  1;  Im -  1 
easilv  made  at  any  point  of  its  sliorc.  The  canal  licrc,  ten  niilfs  from  thu  I'litrancc,  is  iwum,! 
Ilin'c  qnartcr  miles  witle.  To  tin'  eastward  it  opens  lievond  the  nortli  <mh1  of  Hem y  Isl  n  ,).  „|,|, 
liigli  nionnfaimtns  islands  bounding;  the  view.  To  the  westward  lie  a  couple  of  Ioiil;.  i  .ii„,i 
islands,  a  mile  nuithwurd  from  Sidney,  and  parallel  thereto,  and  lietwcen  them  and  tin  l.in,i|, 
pMid  anchora^'e  and  i-apiial  (ishinfj  j;ronnd  for  halii>ul.  The  island  near  the  canal  ;-  iluih,! 
llali'ont  Islam). I  The  moderately  low,  w(MMled  islands,  three  or  four  miles  ahead,  ami  on  n,, 
western  side  of  the  i-hanm-l  are  named  on  the  latest  charts.  I  Set  ween  them  rnnslhe  insiiir.  li  nm,.! 
for  steamers  to  the  Nanaimocoal  mines.  The  l)ack;;ri  and  of  the  view  is  oe(;n|iied  In  '.viKuIni 
islands,  oveiiappiii};  each  other  and  appearing:  like  a  cDiitiinions  shore.  The  hum'  liiuli  1  !  i,.|  ii 
the  4'astern  sid*-,  liltccn  miles  from  the  I'litrance,  \ri  Shutrf  lsliiiiil,\  and  the  canal  is  inn.  cnn 
tra«'led  to  a  breadth  of  <mly  two  miles,  this  beiiii^  the  narrowest  part,  with  Moresliy  Isj.mij  Imii_. 
directly  wt'st  from  S'liait  Island.  Two  and  oneei;;hili  miles  west  southwest  fromtljr  ursim, 
point  of  Smart  Island,  the  Mrilisli  siirveyint;  steamer  /'/«»//«'»•  found  (IS.'kS)  a  rock  com  nil  :ii  ;i 
ipiarter  tlood,  and  bavins  irrc;;iilar  bott4)m  around  it  for  the  space  of  half  a  niilt>  si|ii.iii.  ujn, 
sonndin^^s  from  live  to  twenty  fathoms.  It  is  known  as  AnivlDW  AVr/',  and  lies  nearl\  niiil\\;n 
between  Mon'sliy  Island  and  the  island  to  the  sontlicast.  It  is  west  of  the  line  Joiiiiiifi  llir  im>|(||| 
points  of  the  island.  I'letwecn  this  reef  and  Stuart  Island,  but  near  tho  latter,  there  is  ;i  iliiiil,  ni 
one  hiimlicd  and  seventy  ei};lil  fathoms.  One  mile  northwest  of  Stuart  Island  adcpih  ni  hii.. 
hnndred  and  ninety  fathoms  is  found.  There  are  very  stronj;  and  heavy  current  rips  in  tlii>|iu' 
of  the  canal. 

Stuart  Island  in  many  places  is  very  hi},'h  and  ]ireci|)itons,  and  covered  with  tiiiilnr.  lnii  ;;; 
some  jtarts  sparsely.  Near  its  southwest  head  a  perpendicular  wall  of  rock  serves  aKu  in  ,1:, 
tinj;uish  it.  After  passin;;  the  western  end  ot'this  island  at  the  distance  of  a  mile,  tiir  ili.iiin,! 
takes  an  abrupt  turn  to  the  eastward,  and  the  (Inlf  of  (Jcor^'ia  is  seen  with  I'alos  .uhI  Siii;,i 
Islands  in  tlic  l'ore;,'roiiiid.  Tin-  course  now  is  northeast  for  .seven  miles,  havintr  on  the  nniiliw,.' 
side  I'encler  anil  Saturna  Islands,  which  rise  into  nioiintains  of  one  thousand  and  four  liiniilinl 
feet  elevation,  'hira  lliii(l,i  ncai  tiie  eastern  extremity  of  Satnrna  Island,  stands  up  mi;iiiIi\ 
nearly  .seven  liundri'd  feet,  but  the  extreme  iiart,  called  Kast  Point,!:  is  a  lonfj,  Nlopiii;;  |mpiiii,  m 
many  ]ilaces  destitute  of  iii'cs.     The  small  island  lyiii'.;  oft'  its  north  shore  is  Tnmbo.  J 

Wli.n  Java  Head  bears  northwest  one  iinartcr  west  distant  one  and  twothinis  imlis.  iW 
cast  point  of  Salurna  Island  bears  ninth  «piaili'r  east  distant  three  miles,  ami  Skip|.iri>  1-1, n,., 
bears  east  half  north  distant  one  and  sevcn-ei;;hths  miles,  the  course  is  cliaii};ed  to  nm  iImimu'i 
cast  for  four  miles,  which  l)iinj,'s  a  vessel  between  the  «'ast  point  of  Satnrna  and  the  wcsi  |"'iiii  ni 
I'atiis  Island. 

in   the   staiboard   hand   the   waters  open   well   to  the  sorthe.-st,  and  the  islands  ri-ic  111  huh 

hillsiind  mnmitains.     The  lai'^e  island  abreast  of  .lav. i  Head  is   \\iuln>ii,i  which  ha^*;: LumIimi 

ap>  olV  its  southwest  siilc,  wlier«'  the  shore  line  curves  well  in.  The  western  ])oint  i-  lim  aiul 
sand\ ;  the  southern,  calii'd  I'nint  //i.v/ifi/,  |  is  itcrpcnibciilar,  liiK'b  anil  roi'ky.  Oil' its  nciilnni 
lace  lie  two  islets,  called  the  SLipidrl:  J.sliinils.  \  The  western  one  is  about  one  mile  fimii  ^^  :hili"! 
moderately  lii;,'h,  and  wooded;  the  eastern  one,  named  Hare  Island. «|  is  the  smaller,  ami  1-  1'"'  ' 
forty  feet  hi;,'h,  destitute  of  tn'cs.  but  covered  with  >.'rass ;  it  lies  a  mile  east  of  the  fuiiiii  1.  !:• 
tween  these  islaiiils  lies  a  nunLfn  r«cl:,  and  the  current  rushes  by  with  ;;reat  velocity. 

On  the  charts  of  the  rnitcd  States  ICxplorin^'  Kxpeililiiui,  ISll.  two  islands,  called  AilnI|M]ih 
and  (ieorp',  are  laid  down  close  to  the  Skipjacks,  but  in  IS."),',  we  examined  the  vi(iiiii,\  ami  il'> 
covereil  that  they  did  not  exist. 

When   Kast   Point  bears  northwest  by  west  three  <pnirters  west  (NW   by  \V.  ,  W      iw.  u<.\r< 

'   I  ill'  iiaiiH-  on  llii'  lMi;ilisli  AiliiiirHhy  rliarl,  1-IT. 

I  ^■,•, I  \,^,  \Uv  f,  S    CiKiHl  SiirMv  ill  1-M.     On  llii- Ailinir.iMv  rli.irt.  Jf.S'.t,  r:i\],>\  l.nw  Inlaiiil. 

t  Naiiiiil  li\  till'  fiiiliil  .Siali"*  Kx|iliiiiTiH  i;\|iiMliiiiiii,  l-ll. 

\\  Nainr.l   tiy   till'  I'lilti"!   Slalih  Kxiilniiiit;  i;\|Hilili(iii   in   1-11       1  (m   tlir  I'.iiylisli   Aiiinirally  <  liail   "I    I-'   '■    • 
I'lillnl   .M.Mian  h  ll.ail. 

II  So  ralliil  liy  till.  I'liitiil  Slat.■^^  K\lil(iriii>;  i;x|ir.litii>ii  in  I-ll.  Nanitil  \V  >ilt.il  Islaml  ami  liai.'  l-ln'l  '" 
I'    S.  ("iiaNt  Survey  in  IK.'.;!. 

1  Nam. ..I  liy  llic  I".  S.  •'  >aHt  Snrvry  in  I-.'.:t.     1  >m  Ailniirally  rliart,  •.'(•►-'.•,  ciilinl  l'i.ri);iiiii  iNlaml. 


►  il 


•■•'"    >ll"lll.  In, .ir 

'I,   illul  II     l.liiiliii^,  j^ 

itnillCC,  IS  I  'A,,  ;|||,| 
•Il'lirV    Isl;||„l,    ttitll 

•Ic  nC  li.iiM-.   II, i,,,,^, 

■III   illlil    lllc  I, 111,, I  I, 

" •iii^il  i-  ii;iiii,.,| 

aliciid,  mill  1,11  III,, 

l,Slllfill.S|rl|,,,l|;||,||,.; 

'wipii'd  hv    u |,.,i 

ill-Jit'  hi.uli  i>!, II,, 1 1,1, 

IMIlJll    is    ll,  I,.   ,,,,|| 

orcsliy  I  si, I II, I  |m„^, 
I  fVdin  till,  ucviiii, 
1  rock  <'i)\('i'n|  at  ,1 
I  niih'  S(|ii.ii,.,  \iiiii 
lies  \w.\\\\  niidw.iy 
.jolniiin'  llictM,>i,.ni 
tlicrc  is  11  ilrjitl,  ,it 

111(1    a  (Irptli    1,1    ,,;„. 

!ii(,  rips  ill  tills  |Mi! 

ntll     tilllllfl,     ',11!    ;;; 

w  serves  ills,,  ],,  ,1,, 

mill',    till'    rliiiiiii,! 

(h  I'alos  mill  SiicM 
a  on  tlif  iioiiliui'^' 
I  1111(1  Iblll'  liiiinliiil 
amis  up  \iiiii;iii\ 
U,  sidpiiij,'-  |iii]|il,  ill 
iinl)().| 

o-tliirds  iiiili-s,  i|„, 
11(1  Skipj.irk  M,ii„i 
ctl   tt»  Mill  til  iHir'i 

I  tlu'  west  p, ml  ,,| 

slaiuls  risr  III  lii.-h 

'll   ll.is  ;,;imm1  .liirli.i; 

II  piiillt  is  \t\\\  ;iii,| 
'.  Ollits  llnMllclli 
HJlo  IVdlll  \\';iiilliilt, 

lallcr.  ami  i-  ,1'"' 

)!'  the  rmiiii  :       I'' 

iicily. 

s,  calltMl  Aili''piii|> 

ic  vicinil>  \\:-'\  ll  - 

V.    ;    W.l  tu.,  :n  'r. 


mil. 

ty  rliail  ..I  I-  .  i 
;iiiil  lt:iir  Nil),, 
mil. 


^f^m:^:!miMM^^'''''''^:^$^ 


•'l<l|H    Inluilll 


Th 


;:  m-^^i^^rr^^^^i^cT^iSSs 


Kf'^ 


Saliirn:i  Ishiiicl.  Nculli  Kill rmico,  ("nniil  di,'  llaro. 

KiiHt  I'liiiit  I,i(;lil  liiiusc,  SK.  by  S.,  .>  iiiIIi'm.  rniiilio  iHlamlH. 


■'1*1*'  1 


^-  .:'V 


N'lirtli  Kiilraiii  r  r:iMiil  ill'  Han 
>uluj  iiu  Inluiiil 


V 


■'% 


Turtle  Biirk  Kaugc,  l,<;UO  feet,  «H  m\\en. 

Point  IliiiiilMiiiiil, 
SE.  J  S  ,  .'i  inil(."8. 


jJ9 


Hinil  llll•»^. 


.SiHiiiu'l  IslaiKl. 


1 

1 

ll 

n 

H 

ll 

m 

If 

tit 

1  'll 

ial 

IV 

SMit;  V 


li       / 


:«■   i! 


i  1 


^iHil-l 


M  .a , 


I 


•'  ) 


I 

I 


1 

':  vJ 

! 
! 

'     i 

■    h 

mm 

\^ 

m 

i 

!r! 


I 


\m 


i\'i 


i  * 


-^  ,.>•*• 


tafV-A-wl 


■>  .{:  **«K«»  .,.->. 


Hatnriiu  IhIrikI.      Cannl  di-  Han),  North  Kntram  .• 

Kiisf  P., lilt  l.iglii  liiMiHr,  rnmlMiClunii.'l. 

S\V,  t,v  W.  J\V,,  i:iiMilr«. 


tei»i.-i=4i%ifcaag.iHia-irjnt>»  :(|i  i  lyj,  .jpjti jjiKiK^ 


Morfuliv  IhIhikI,  S\V.,  II  luiles.        I'midur  iHlaiid,  SW.  i  W.,  9  mileR.         Jav.i  Head,  6( 


''^;'5if|^iji>j4^4tst^^  '"•'^^;>''^:'^^r3'*!*<fe 


Canal  ili-  llani,  Nurlli  Kiilraiid-. 
StiiHit  Inland. 


Turn  Poiut,  8VV.  }  S  ,  12  milM 


<K«i»-«-»j^.  ■«» ,   , 


,    'If.**,,''  ■"'  k . 


Ilari),  North  KntraiKc 

rninlMiClinriiii'l. 


Tiiiiilio  IkIrikI. 


I 


V.l  \V.,<»mileR.         Java  Head,  680  feet,  8W.»W.,  5  miles. 


Sato  ma  IslaDd.     East  Point, 
'i  milea. 


!,'li^^'-'!,'*S:*;xA.- 


a»i»...i.jii«««l|g|MWW|lt 


Turn  Point,  8W.  J  S  ,  18  miloH. 


Moresby  laland. 


I) 


III       I'  '  ?*  H 


..;■!? 


^^ 


^ 


aen 


Ill 


,I^^^^H| 

I 

i 

Kaiiirna  Island.      Canal  do  Haro,  North  Entraiiciv 

I'ast  J'nint  Light  Ik.uh.-,  TnuilM,  ilmunel. 

SW.  I.y  W.  J  W.,  13  miles. 


iMfm*mmi^,^9I^M^&$mM 


^iSiSgS'fevjffi^ 


Mor<"'i.,v  iol.Mid,  .v\V  ,  U  :MilcH.         Poiidi<r  Islnii,!,  SW.  J  W.,  9  inileH.         J;i.,i  Head,  6* 


v.tJr^S*:.'  "•'^I'"^-^^  S'^?%-'i^'*^'^;«4k^ 


Ciuial  di'  lliiro,  Nnrlli  RiilrancH. 
.Stuart  (■iluiid. 


Turn  Point,  SW.  }  F    18  milpH. 


*|;^'^,. 


laro,  North  Entrain  r 

riimlMiilirtiiiiel. 


Tiinibo  Inlnnd. 


'■tf*!'s*^i»vr, 


'm&mim 


fi#£<^5^ii.ii*5^^Sff 


\  W,,  y  iiiileH.         J;i.,i Head,  680 fret,  SW.|W.,5  miles. 


.Satnrna  iHland.      East  Point, 
3  miles. 


m 

\m^i^^ 

"■_■   :^~^^^^S£ 



_!_".,.': ..„ __. 

Turn  Point,  SW. }  .'-   18  milpH. 


Moresby  Island. 


i!     I 


I:. 


'•.li  1 


1-  I'll 


Iri    if' 


;i 


!  i 


Hi  ! 

1 

■ 

f 
I 

r 
r 

■ 

f 


1l . 


f 


il 


Saturiii  iNliiticl.  K,;iHt  ('oj 


Knob  of  Orcan,  1,104  fe*t.  8K.  by  8.,  a«f  mil, ,.. 


('snHl  .|p  MuroNortl]  KnlrHni* 


Skijijor 


i*mxiim.'-\u--  -r^-^s-M 


HiKiirnii  JMliiiicl. 
Eait  Point  I-ight-house,  H.  h\  K    4  iiiiie„ 


iK      «• 


Satuni,  IhI«,„I.  K,;,«t  |'„,i,t  l.,Kl„-I,onH..  ,  Liokinj;  nn.ll.) 


^.Jk^?^Mm:^i.:m>^ 


lluro    North  Knlriincei 


Skipjnck  IhIhikI.  SHK  ,  4J  iiiilcH, 


K<'t>f  ofl  KuHt  PninI,  I  tuim. 


Knliiriiii  Jnluiicl. 
*,  H.  In  i:     ii  iiiileH 


;l.  li  . 
Ill  ■••■I' 


,<llllll 

iin~' 


('(M- 


I'll 


<||^I.III( 

IMlll^t' 
|Hlill|S. 

miles.  ; 


It. 


%  I : 


\ 

iiiiii, 

I  ClKiiini 


i'1  Hv^  '.ill 


i{ 


Ir.iiii  ll 

lilr  "  ;l 

Til 

n|  III,- 

ill'  III) 

Til 

riH'  ill 

I  .III. III! 

Tl 

I  \i.siMc 

■  II 

i-il. 

•Tl 
M;ll.>  I 

:  III 
\>T 

I  i'..:l-l  S 


'acii'k;  coam    I'li.oi'. 


5:)!) 


,li,l,iiii,  the  west  end  of  Patos  Isliiiid*  will  U'-.w  imilli  noitlifiist  two  iiiiil  a  lialf  iiiilcs,  aixl  ti 


III  (if  Siuiiadniiipt  cast  iiortlif.isl  llncc  ami  a  iialf  inilcs;  tin- couimi' out   I 


si  iMlwcfii  I'.itos  iiiitl  Kast  I'diiit,  wliicli  art;  I 


10 

ics  north  iKii'tli- 


wo  and  I  luce  I'oiiitlis  niilt's  iipiii't.     Hevcii  iniles 


on 


ilrpll 


irsf  rarries  a  vessel  to  the  niiddl*'  of  Ihc  (inll  ordforf^iu.     Close  oil  h:ast  Point  is  found  a 
.1  ono  hundred  and  twenl.v   I'al horns,  and  oil'  I'atos  Islainl  oin-  hnidred  ami  seventy  fath- 

e  iM;.';,'ed  and  irre;;- 


Ml  these  islands  are  nHideralel.v  hit,di  and  eovered  with  wood.     They  ar 


III    M)|IM' 


iii|MiNedof  sandstoiM'  and  eon^iloineiale,  upheaved  until  the  strata 
aces,  and  interspersed  with  small  \eins  oj' li;rnite, 


lie  nearly  peipendieular 


Wisl's   i!(inh\  lies  soiilliwesl  l»y  west    seven  eighths  west  (S\V.  I»v  W.  "  \V 


one  mile  from  tho 


,,,iiilniest  point  of  Sn(Ma;  it  has  less  (han  two  fathoms  of  water  upon  it,an<l  is  marked  liy  a  lar},'e 
iiii.    I'l   kelp. 

I  he  approsiinate  ;;ei)frr;ipl,ieal  position  of  two  or  three  points,  uh  detennined  liy  the  U.  S. 
l'ii,i-i  Survey,  will  serve  to  cheek  the  courses  aliove  ;;iven  : 

hiMovery  Islanil  lii<;lithouse  is  in — 

'■•"iiiiil" '1-    •>-,'  -jn"  nortli. 

I ■""Ki •"'••• l-.';i    l;t'  .'.n"  «.■«!. 

The  Western  I'oiut  of  Stuart  Island,  at  the  sharp  turn  of  the  cunal,  is  in  — 

l"ililil(lr [»     11     lIlMt  iinrtll. 


l,(ili;;ilinli' I',':!     11'  Ow   .8 


wist. 


I'iie  West  Point  of  i'atos  Island  is  in  — 


I.aiitiKl.' .1^    .|7'  t)-,",r,  ninlli. 


I.IIIIL'illlllc 


IJ 


,>'   O'.t  '.»  went. 


ICast  Point  of  Saturua  Island  i>  in  — 


l.ntitiiili' 


I.I 


itiiih 


i\n->  if:  r.;i  .7  nortli, 
i-.';'.    »•.'   I')  .7  wist. 


i'lnni   Di.scovery  Island  l.iuhthousc   to  Turn  I'niiit,  the  western  point  of  Stuait  Island,  tlio 

lh^l.llM■l•  IS  si.tteeii  niili's,  and   the  Itcaiiii;;-  northwest   liy  north   half  north  (NW.  !iy  N.  .[  N.),  tho 

imii^e  passes  o\  er  the  eastern  vt\<H'  of  the  danj;eioiis   Kelp  h'eef  altont   midway  lietween  the  two 

|iiHiits.     Prom  Turn    Point    to   I''.asl    Point  of  Saturua   Island  the  distance  is  nine  and  twothird.s 

lies,  and  tlu!  course  is  northeast  Ity  east  half  east  (SK.  liy  ll.  h  E.) 


LltillT  IIOtSK    (IN    1;A81    I'dlNT,    SATIKNA    ISLAND,    IIUITISII   rOLUMHIA. 

A  li^'lil  house  has  lieeii  estalilislied  liy  tiie  Hominion  of  Canada  on  the  .  ast  point  of  Satitrna. 
Ul mil.  at  the  western  side  of  the  iiorlliern  entrance  to  the  Canal  de  llaro,  from  the  (inlf  of  (ieoi'- 
:i.i.     In  the  pulilislicd  notices   this  part   of  the  Canal   ile  llaro  is  erroneously  called  the  Stuart 

'  Cliiililiel.^ 

I'iie  exact  location  is  on  the  western  shore  of  east  point,  six  hundred  and  thirty-live  yards 
nil  ilie  «'\treme  iKUthern  point.     It  is  on  the  top  of  the  clilf,  which  is  here  ei};htylive  feet  aliove 
ilir  "Mier.     The  land  falls  away  to  the  west,  north,  and  east. 

I'lie  main  liiiildin;;  consists  of  a  siiuare  wooden  towci'  sixty  feet  fn»ni  the  <;round  to  the  vane 
111  ilie  lantern,  and  there  is  a  keeper's  dwelling;  attached  to  it.  The  liuildiuf;'  i«  painted  white,  and 
III'  iiiiii  lantern  which  surmounts  the  touei'  is  painted  red. 

The  light  was  llrst  exliiliited  on  the  tiist  of  .laiiuary,  ISSS,  and  shows  from  suu.set  to  sunrise. 
III!'  illiiininatiny:  apparatus  is  catoiitric,  and  ,>.|iows  a  rcrolriinj  irhilc  liijhl,  t>\' whivh  ihv  JIh.sIick 
.iti.nii  their  },n'eaiest  hrilliancy  every  thirty  .seconds. 

I'lie  focal  iilaiie  of  tlu'  liy;lit  is  one  liiindred  and  forty-live  feet  above  hifjU-water  mark,  and  is 
imI'N',  from  a  lici;;iit  of  lifteeii  feet,  at  a  disfanee  of  eif;litecii  miles. 


t  111'  .SpaiiiHli   iiiinii'.      I'litoM  slf^iillirs  (;ri'.. 


l-ll. 


I'lir  .SimtiiHli   iiiO 


."^iiriii    sifjiiilirs    mil 


',     Calliil  tiiiiinl   Islam!  h.v  llii'  fiiitcd  Statt'.s  I'^xiileriiif;  Kx  pod  it  ion, 
lilv.     Till'  liailMir  nil  llir  I'aHt  lias  a  .snft  iiimlily  Imttom.     'I'lir  I'liitcil 


'i:iii>  IvspliiriiiK  r.Npiililiiiii  lallril  Ihiin  tlif  I'l  nival  Cnuip.  l-ll.     'I'lir  Imlian  iiaim 


Cli. 


ixi-sa-iinii^ 


liii 


i^rcil  unit  iiai 1  liv  tlir  I'.  S.  Coast  .Siiivi'V,  Is.'iS.      Callnl  riiiiiipi 


Ki'i'rnii  Kii'Misli  Ailiiiiralt.v  cliait,  ia'.i>. 


*Tlii«  Stuart  Cliaiiiirl  nf  llii'  AiliiilrallN  iliarts  ami  Ailiniral  Kiilianls's  ••  Vaiituiivcr  Isliiml  I'ilnt,"  ami  also  iil'tlio 
:i>l  Snivi'v  iliarls,  is  that    nin'    IviiiK  ImIhitii  Ailiiiiral   Islaiiil  ami  tlie  main  nliniv  of  Vaiicnuvfr  Island,  and  not 
I  ri'ai'hiiig  tii  any  piirt  of  llii>  Canal  dn  llitni. 


J    I 


m  i 


B    p  J 


Mft 


iX 


I 


l?k 


•Mi*)  I'Aciiic  coAsi'  ni.oT. 

Till'  an-  illiiiiiiiiatiMl  i-xlcnds  lliniii;;li  L'TS    •_'(•',  rnim  mn  •liwcsl  \>y  west  (|iiait<'r  wivsi    \\\ 
W.  \  \V.)  romiil  li\  lln'  imilli,  cast,  ami  soiiili   to  Noiilliwfst   half  noiiiIi  (SW.  \  S.).     1 1,,,  i,,,, 

toursc  clears  .lava  Mead  at  two  ami  tlir iiiartfi's  iiiiU's  from  tin'  iJKlit,  and  llir  foiimi  cuiin 

passes  (i\er  the  eastern  i>tiint  of  Tiimtio  Island,  ono  mile  distant. 

Tlie  li;;lit  slmnld  nut  lu«  ai>|iroaelieil  williiii  a  mile  and   a  half  from  tlio  tiortliwestuini,  ^,| 
to  keep  elear  of  till'  daiiKt'i'ons  ;;idund  4)tf  the  casfeiii  end  of  Tamho  Island,  and  alsom     ii,.||„|f 
ei'n  exlremity  of  l">asl  Point.     (The  three  I'atliom   line  eMends  six   hundred   and   ivveni\  v.iii|,| 
the  norliieastward  Iromthe  prolon^^ation  ol Tumlio  and  Satiirna  Islands,  with  kelp  miiMih.,  m 
roeky,  irrey;nlai-  Imttom.) 

WhenavesMi  is  hound  northward  throu;:h  the  Canal  de  Ilaro  the  litrht  will  l>e  \  i-iiMr  ns  mJ 
as  she  is  up  with  'rurn  I'oinl.  the  western  exiiemit.v  of  Stuart  Island. 

The  yeo;jra|'liieal  position  <!f  this  I  a  ^ht- house,  as  detei'miaed  liy  the  I'.  S.  Coast  Mmj  (,,  {«lit 
Survey,  is— 

i.iiiiMiii' jH     ic,'    .Mr  iiiiiti' 

l.iiiiaiiiTiii' )-j:i     (!•."    Ill    Hisi 

•  •i.  in  liiiii- H'l     I',""     11".  t 

In  .liinnary.  ls>>!>.  the  mafiiielie  vaii.ition  was  L"_'    .">!'  east,  with  an  animal  deereasi'  i.i  o  ; 
I'lom  I'   .1  l.iyht  house  the  liearin^js  and  distances  to  important  o!iiect.s  arc — 

San.N  lliail  I.i-lii.  I'rawr  Ifivir N.  r.d      \V.         !'.•{  iinl.H 

I'oint  UmImtIh.  «f.Kt N.  :i|      \V.         II  i  iiulc-. 

I'.lilll     HcllMTlH.lMst     N.     1-  W.  Hi    llllll'. 

Ilirili  Point,  lieilli  sicl,'  llirrh   l!:iy N    'JO  K.  l:t    inili-. 

Tnint  WliitflKHM.minlli -nil"  Hire  h  It.iy N.  ;i:'.  l',,  l".'    inilo. 

WiwliTii  ]M>iiit  I'iiliis  I«l;niil N.  lid  i;,  :i    niilrs. 

Ilniiy  .m  Aldiii's  Hank N.  Ciii  ■  |;.  i»    niilcs, 

I'oint  I,a«  iiMirr.  Orias  Inland,  IJn'^.ini)  .><lrait .*<.   ^V  '  Iv  11    niilin 

Hare  l-li'i.  nil    I'iiinl   llannnunil,  I'n  siilnit  Clianiii'l ,S.   C,  I',.  1!^  inili« 

Wi'st  inil  SUipiai  k    I-liI .s.  ','7  K.  11    iiiili>. 

Tnrii  r.iiiit.  \Msl  1  ml  Stiiaii    l.^lanil S.   Ilnj  \V.  ',4  ihiIch 

.lava  llra.l .'^.    M'  \V.  'J*  inilrs. 

Thv  liiiiiiiilanj  line  Itetwecii  the  I'liiteii  States  and   I'.ritisli  Coliiinbiii  jtasscs  from  iln  tinin 
Cieiir;;ia  to  the  Strait  of  Fiica  tliiou;:h   the  iiiiddle  of  the   Camd  dc   llaro,  so  that  all  iIm  »< 
and  lands  east  ol  that  line  are  within  the  Territory  of  Watiliiii^^ton. 

The  niimtierot'  islaiuhs  and  the  intricate  chaiiucls  l.xiiij;  between  the  Canal  dc  Ilmniihl 
li'osaiio   Stiait   we   sliall   not    attempt   to  describe.     A    proper  appreciation   of   then    -;  oiii 
rclaiiiiii  and  of  the  clianticis  bet  ween  them  can  only   be  had  by  consultitij;  the  chart.      Ilninij 
.Survey  chart  No.  (ISI  ^jxcs  all  the  known  information  on  the  .subject. 

THE   KOSAKiO  STRAIT, 

lvo,sario  Strait  ih  the  eastern  of  the  two  inincipal  chaiiiu'l.s  riiniiiiif;  throupli  the  V\  :i>hiii. 
Sound,  between  \ancou\er  Island  and  the  mainland.     Itssoiitheni  entrance  is  sixteen  in  h  ~i, 
of  tiie  soiithein  entiance  to  the   <'aiial  dc   llaro,  and  lies  north  by  cast  kc^^mi  miles  ili>i.iiii  Ini 
Smith's  Isl.iiid    l.iu'ht-iioiise.      It   is   four  and  a  <iuartcr  miles  wide.     The   vvestern  point  ol'il 

entram-e  is  tormed  by  a  point  runiiiii};  out  from    Wiilmnuiilt  Until,*  which  is  four  I Infl, 

fifty  feet  lii«h,  and  on  the  .southeast  part  of  Lopez  Island.!     OIV  thisjioint  lie  scveiai  \«i].\  i»i 

with  deep  water  iui ^   llicui  and  riishin;;  currents.     The  outer  one,  named  Soutliwo,  hi  i; 

is  about  fifty  feet  lii^'li,  rocky,  flat  topped,  destitute  of  bush  or  tree,  narrow,  and  aboiii  on.  !i 
of  a  mile  ill  len;,'th,  east  and  west.     Mist  live  ci;;hths  ,soiith  ( K.  ';  S.)  fnuii  it,  at  a  dislancr  d  1 
a  mile,  lies  hnriilsun  Ix'ork.i  possibly  bare  at  the  lowest  tides.     .V  pa'.ii  of  ki-Ip  exists  iiimii 
around  this  danpT,  l.a»  the  kcljt  is  jjcuerally  run  under  the  Kiirface  of  the  water  by  lli.'  -in  i 
of  the  currents, 

'  NaiJi.a  \Valiii(ni';li  Mead  liy  111.'  fnilnl  Stiilivi   l",\  plt.iiiiK  Kxpnlil  i.m  In  1-11.     On  tin-  liisl  .slic.  Is  .if  '.',.  1 

C.iast  Siin.  y  .Mr .M»ly  .all.'.l  Walni.iiiKli  ILail.     <  >ii  llir   i:nKli>li  A.linirally  cliaii    .if  l-V.»  lali.-.l  WalMM.iiih  11; 

■  in  111.'  iniMiit  cliarl  Walnmnlli  ll.-iul      Tin'   Indian  ii.uin'  is  N..o(  li.i:id  Uwnn, 

I  VaTn.inv.r  ilctiTinin.'d  it  to  !>..  an  inlanil  in  t7',»'.  In  I-ll  lln-  I'nil.'.l  Stall's  I',x|d<)iln;,'  Kxixdilioii  nnin: 
Cliaiin.vy'H  l-ilaiid.  Th.'  DnfjllHli  Admiralty  .liartof  1-lT  lia-.  il  l.oi.c/  Island,  an.l  it  is  iihv.-iys  known  i.\  il  -m 
oil  tlt(^  coast . 

t  Naiii.il  liy  till'  r.  S.  Co.iHt   Survey  in  l-.'.l, 

y.Niiimxl  on  tin'  1;ii;.1imIi  Ailiiiiially  iliarl   <>(  |S.V,I;  m   KM  \\r.  disc-ov.r.il  and  iiaiii.'il  it  Knlr.ini.'  K."  i 


^^P" 


iiailtT  wcsi    \\\ 
A'.  X  S.).      ii„.  i,,||^ 
ml  till'  (i)l!n.'i  n,|in 

iKirtliwcsivi.ii.i,  ^,1 
imI  also  III     h,.  ,,„|i| 
ami  i«ciii\  \,,,,|. 
illi  Kelp  out, nil.  ,111 


ill  Im 

vKiMi 

:is  <i 

.  Coa 

'il    Mini    1 

.mill 

.Mi  ' 

null  1 

ir. 

W  tsl 

11"  1 

il  dccrcasi'  n 

O.l, 

•»' — 

I'.fj 

mil.  H 

lU 

IIU||"< 

lU 

null". 

i:t 

mill  ■■ 

1',' 
:i 

1) 

mill-.. 

mllrs. 

milc'H. 

11 

iiiili'H. 

Illill-s. 

iiiili>. 

'■'* 

Ihllri 

•-'* 

iiiili'^. 

■iscs  I'roiii  ihi  (ii 
«>  that  all  till'  tviul 

anal  <lt-  linin  an 
II  (tf  tlicir  ^i,r>  .in 
liiM-liail.    Tlii'iiJ 


mpli  t!"^  W  :i>liiii:t^ 
1  is  8i\lct'ii  mill 
i'i\  miles  (li>i.ii(i  III! 
vvesterii  iMiiiit  (if  tl 
is  four  liiiiiiln  il  ,i4 
•  Hcveral  i(irl,\  i>li 
(I  Siiutliwoi  l^iiiiil 
,  ami  aliiiiit  mn  tiiil 

,  at   a  <Ii.s|;|||rr  III  1 

kelp  exists  u|ii  M 
ivater  iiv  tlir  -mi 


h«« 


!    I 


11-   lilsl   slic'i  lt<  III'  Mil    I 
V.t  callnl   \V:llMn..|lli  I 

inj;  Ksiinlitiiiii  t  mi 
fiivs  ktiii"  II  \i\   i!   - 1. 


it,  Kiitrmiri'  111"  i 


/ 


Ife. 


»*■■•■, v'/^*^ 


Cyprem  laland,  8.  ^  W.,  4|  milM.  North  EntrBncr,  Rossric.  S;r;iit 


Moun 


Point  I.awrenco,  8.  I>y  B  , «  miles. 


North  Entrance,  KoHnrin^tr«it. 
Oread,  Clark,  and  liann'r*  Itlands. 


I.nnimi  Mouutaii.,  l,r.6(i  feet,  8E.  by  E.  *  E.,  U  miles. 


Rosario  Strait,  North  Entrance. 


■■.-: -^^^^^^^%. 


ce,  RMwric.  Strait  Mount  Con.tltnlinn,  2,423  feet,  W.J.y  8.  |  S..  fij  miU«. 


Entrsnce,  linnnnn Strait. 
Clark,  and  liariicrt  Itlands. 


r-*'^: 


,:„,^*^;;:--;'j 


,  North  Entrance. 


Cypre8H  Island. 

LakuMoQiitaiu. 


mma 


rAoii'iC!  COAST  ni.or. 


.01  ;i 


Till'  v.IidIo  soiitliorn  Ucv  of  IiO|i,./.  Islan.I  is  -iianl...!  by  n.cks  anil  reefs.  Tlie  islainl  ilself  is 
v,.iv  o.'Uy  and  niotleralelv  low.  On  part,  of  it^  .suulliern  elilV  near  leeher-  I'oini'  ue  discovuretl 
ji,  b.i  niiiarlial)l\  (iee|>  and  .sinooili  marks  of  {jjacial  acliini. 

riieca>lern  si.Ie  of  Hie  soiitlieni  cnlrance  to  Hie  sir.iil  is  forineil  by  the  ii(.HI,,vesl  iioinl  ., 
\VI,i,ll>e\  Man.l,  wlileii  is  not  very  proi  ,innil,  ami  by  S„rrs  llni.l,  whieli'is  the  Imld  uwly  face  o. 
llio.HilhwesI  ii.irl  of  iM.lal,:.;!.  Islaii.l.  iMyomi  ami  o\  er  Saivs  II, ad  i  i,-es  .M,.iiiit  la  ie.oiie  tlioiisaiid 
IJiKi'  iiiliidred  feet  above  the  sea. 

(Ill  :lie  eastern  side  of  the  ciitraiiee  to  the  stiail  there  is  a  sniail  w.M.ded  island,  tiliy  or  sixty 
Hrl  hi,-h.  I,\in^'  in  the  nioiit'i  of  Deception  i'ass.  It  is  imt  ipiile  li.ilf  a  mile  west  imi  ilnvest  from 
llieiiu.aloi'  Whidbey  Island,  and  half  a  mile  .southwest  from  the  nearest  point  of  Fiilal-o  Island. 

iii;ci;fii(iN  I'Ass. 

At  the  eastern  side  of  the  strait  at   the  eiilr.iiiee  there  is  an  intricate  and  very  narrow  three- 

iiilli ihaiinel,  very  nearly  three  miles  lon^,  rmiiiini;  lietween  the  north  end  of  Whidbey  Island 

am!  ihe.soiilh  end  of  I'idal-o  Island.'  and   ma.-ked   by  l)eeept;,in  l.-laiid.     It  is  the  r.oea  de  I'lol 
,,r  i;ii/a,  IT'.II,  but  it  is  now  known  only  by  the  apt  ilesii^nmti.iii  -iven  above. 

\  .ineiiiiver  ealle.l  it  Deeepiiiiii  Tassa^'e  in  I  7<l'_'.  (lalinio  ,iiid  N'alde/ called  it  lioca  de  f'lon, 
lliiiiKiiiL,',  with  VM/Ai,  that  it  was  the  strait  oi  that  name  seen  by  (Rumpel  in  17!MI.  It  was  named 
|ir(i-|.tioii  I'as.s  by  the  I'liited  Slates  r'Apiona-  I'NpiMlit  ion  iii  isil,  when  the  bri-  Hniiihridij,: 
|M>-.  i|  throii;;li  it  fnmi  the  eastwan!  ;  and  it  is  known  b\  no  oilier  on  this  t'oa^l. 

Ill  the  middle  of  thiM-ntrance.  to  Itosario  iStrait  \'aiieoiiver  anchored  in  thirty-.sevea  f.ithoms 
Ml  u, Iter  over  black,  lunddy  lioltom. 

Tlieie  are  two  dangers  in  tho  entrance.  At  the  sonlhwest  point  there  is  the  Davidson  Itock, 
al!i,Hl\   desia-ibed,  paj{C  olilt.      At  the  easlein  side   <i|    the  elill, nice  l>    the   l.tlic.siiii    h'l ,  f. 

I>uii>tiiia  '.'itn.1. — A'.-"-  l/ujUt. — "On  the  southwest  point  ol  I'idalt,'o  Island  and  on  the  norili  side 
(if  llic  western  eiilrance  to  ii^eccptioii  I'as-i  a  Ji.ml  ichiti  I'nihl  has  been  pi. iced  on  a  white  post, 
rill-  l!;,dit  is  a  lilt'e  more  than  one  li.df  a  mile  west  of  the  nari'owcst  |iaii  of  the  jtass."  ( )iitsitle  of 
\'  he-  Deception  Island  at  a  distance  of  l  >' "  ,  |iji,|s  of  a  niile. 

flic  post  is  live  feet  hi^h,  ci,:;lil    feet   back   from  the  ed-e  of  the  rock\  cliiV,  and  about  forty 
it  above  liif,di  water. 

I'lom  this  Ii;;lit  the  north  wes'  point  ol  Whidbey  I  si. i  ml  lies  south  south  west  (SSW  .1,  di.-taiit  a 
liidr  o\ei  half  ii  mile;  and  Deception  Island  southwest  by  west  half  west  (.SW.  by  \\  .  \  \\ .). 

riie  liijiil  v\as  established  Oi'ti  ber  1,  Isss. 

i.AWsnx  i;i:i'.i". 

This  is  :i  very  danuerous  rocky  led.ue  lyin;;  one  ami  three-fourths  miles  diri'ctly  oil'  Hie  western 
in  1 1,1  nee  to  Dceepiioii  l'a>s  and  j  11 -I  in  the  son  the.  i-l  pill  ol  Hie  m  mill  ciitr.inci'  to  Kosaiio  Strait. 
I  iic  i;i-iierai  dll'i'cl  ion  of  Hie  led.L;e  is  iioit  h  .iml  soul  li,  and  w  il  liia  the  c:j;lil  fat  lioiii  ciir\  e  il  is  1  hlce- 
Mili-ofa  mile  in  Iciiu'Hi  and  ihn'e-teiillis  of  a  mile  in  bii'adih.  The  kelp  patch  markiiiu  it  is 
i  il;    I  mile  liMiLj  north  and  south,  and  lies  ovia' the  are.i  of  Hie  reel.  Iiavini;  si\    I'athoms  of  water 


;iiiil  less.      It  was  \cl\  dense   .iiiil   l.llii^leil  .it    the   I  line  of  Hie  c\,iiiiiii,il  1011    in   D 


Tl 


le  siioaie 


-I'u;  IS  one  hundred  and  .seven  I  y  yards  in  c\  I  cut.  ami  1 1,1-  Hi  tee  and  threefoiirtlis  fathoms  of  wibc 
.{•'II  it.     The  bottom  is  rocky  and  ii  ic^nhii,  and  tlicie  are  -I'veial   piaiits  ha\iiii;no  moretha 
iiineand  oiieipiarter  fathoms  ol'  uater  upon  them.     <  <ood  wat 
ilh'l  dcpl  hs  ol   li\e  to  seven  t'al  lioiiis  e.ili  be  carried  I  >  its  edues. 


cr  IS  iiail  all  am 


iiiiil  Hie  !.elp  liel 


I  he  de|(tll  ot    water  incre.ise 


s  \cr\   Miili 


Icniy  a'   a>   irom  tiie  reef,  bat  iiiori'  pailiciilarl>  on  I 


liMiMieast   side,  w  here  aile|(tli  of  lliiity  lallioms   is   found   within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  tei 
i.i'.iioin  (Mil  \-e.     (Ml  the  west  side  the  t  hirly-fathom  enrve  'ies  a  (piaitcr  of  a   mile  I'lom  the  tcii- 
l.llliom.      Wilhin  h.tif  .1  mile  flom  Hli'  lid;;e  on  the  east   and  south  sides  Hie  depth  ol    the  waUa'  is 
till  \  lallioms  and   iiioie. 


i'lie  follow  iii;f  bearili!,'s  and  dlstainc: 
111. liked  by  a  bnoy  : 

|iriT|i|iiin  I -lain! 


itc  the  sho.desi  p.irt  of  this  dariucr,  winch  is  not  .\el 


N.  .'.a 


'I'lii-  \vi'.>.t  |iiiiiit  III'  I  III  II  HUM  l-laiiil,  ii|ii  n  l'>  llir  ursl  |Miinl  cilWILiii  l-l,iiul     N. 

.Siiiilli  !>laiiil  1. 1,1; la  liipii.-M- S. 

I'l.iMi  I'.lllllil;;^ 


s.  Ill    1; 


l.T.'i  iiiilc-i. 

l.'i  mil.'.-.. 

',.'■>  iiillcs. 

h>..'>  iiilio.s. 


.S'aillnl  li\    I 'ii'   I'.  .S.  I'li.lsl  .S|,l  V  i'\    iill-.il 


ri.lal'.^u    l-laiHl 


«.i-   iiaiiii 


il    .M.i  (I.'   I'hl.ikH  \'\    i;ii..i  .mil   Naiviiiv   in   IT'.H.      I'lii'   liiilcil   Siali.-*   lAiiloruij; 


I'xi'i'ililiiMi  (-.■illi'il  ii    I'lriA.i  l-laiiil. 


I7LM2  I' 


— :;•; 


/ 


/ 


562 


rAciric  COAST  ni.oT. 


li 


\i  f  I 


i  ji 


r.  I 


■\Vlu'ii  at  tlio  soiitluTii  iMiliiUicc  to  Wosaiio  Sliiiit,  ami  one  and  ii  liall"  luilcs  Cioin  tli.  u^m,.,. 
side,  a  liiu-  imsscs  dear  of  fvcrytliiiij,'  tVoiii  one  end  of  ilit>  strait  to  tlio  otlior.     Tliis  ruin.,.  ,, 
liortli  liy  west   lialf  west   (X.  l.y  W.  .]   W.).  and   tlie  distance  is  niiieleeii  and  a   lialf  i.nl    ,    , '■ 
iiortli  entrain".     It  ]»asses  l»elween  liinl  and  lielie  IJoeks,  and  almost  tan;;ent  to  I'ojnt  l,.i«n.|,, 
oil  Orcas  Island. 

The  view  tliioii;,'li  tin-  strait  is  quite  sfrikin'r;  on  tin'  eas;  'in  side  aiv  the  mod.  latrlv  1,14 
islands.  Allan,  two  Imndred  and  tliiny  feet,  ami  I'.niiows,  six  Inindred  and  foiiy  feet,  wini,. ,.,[,, 
of  them  is  Mount  l'',rie,  one  thonsanil  two  linndfed  ami  litly  feet  lii.uh,  and  Sat,'ar  l.o.if,  uiic  ilmf 
sand  and  sixtv  feet  liij^h,  l>olh  on  I'idal-o  Island  ;  I'aitlnT  noilhwanl  is  Lake  .Monniaiii,  uiu' ilimi 
sand  the  linndred  and  I  <venty  I've  feet  hi;^ii,on  t'ypress  Islan.I.  On  the  western  side  of  ihr  >iii|,. 
is  \Vainu)n;.di  lle.id,  lour  linmlred  ami  lifly  leet  lii,i;h,  on  Lojie/.  Island:  a  moiiulain  on  l!|;ili,.i, 
l.slaiid,  one  thousand  and  I'orty  lour  feet  lii;;h,  only  three  and  one  iinarter  miles  west  liy  s,,,,!!, 
from  Lake  Mtmnlain  ;  ami  towards  the  northern  entranee  Mount  Coiistit  ntion,  two  thoiisaml  \„n; 
liiindied  and  nine  feel  hij;h,  on  ( )reas  Isiaml.  There  is  a  double  lake  half  way  down  Ihi' ;i,.|ii, 
»'ast  ll.ink  of  this  inonnlain  eleven  hundre<I  and  thirty  feet  aliove  the  str,:it. 

A  vessel  IVoni  Pn^ei  Sound  hound  tiiioiiuh  the  strait  will  enter  the  soulhern  eiiirai,..  ,/i 
inidchaiHiel ;  and  the  course  to  clear  I'.elle  li'ocU,  nearl.v  half  a  mile  on  the  |Mirl  hand,  aii.l  in  n^s, 
midway  lietwcen  Cypress  Island  and  l!!akel\  Island,  less  than  one  and  a  half  miles  apai  i  i-  n.,]  ;, 
thirt\  de^M'ees  west  (  N.  .ill  W.'i  tor  eleven  and  two  thirds  miles  until  t\\-  north  end  ol  r\;;,,, 
is  open  liy  the  SDUth  point  of  Sinclair  and  N'cuilovi  Islands.  Then  noill  half  east  tor  |.  ;,.  ;:,|^ 
li.df  miles,  when  Lawrence  I'liiiit  hears  west  south  west,  distant  one  ami  a  fourth  miles,.,.!  ;;, 
'••  ;,  ]ioint  of  Siiicl.iir  Isfuid  hears  easi  southeast,  dist, nit  two  and  a  halt'  miles.  Tin  i  r  •;„ 
tiiiai  course  is  noitliwest  lixf  miles,  to  the  (iulf  of  (icorj;ia. 

\'essi'ls  hiiuiid  tlirou}ih  the  strait  round  thes(mlhcast  point  of  Lo|)e/.  IslamI  at  theois'ii-,    ,: 
iv  mile,  and  steer  a  north  course  until   I'.ird  l>'o<'k  is  i)assed  half  a  mile,  and  then  steer  iini 
ilef^rees  west  (N.  .'i<l    W'.l.  passing;  midway  lietwcen  I'dakelv  and  (\\  press  Islands,  as  alii  .,  i.  i  , 
tioiied.     OlVW.iti i;:h  Head  xcsselswill  lind  the  <  iirrents  innnin;;  tiom  I  wo  to  six  imles  |..  i  i  ■  ,■ 

The  shore  foi- the  lirst   two  miles   inside  the  eiitiame  un  the  wesi<  rn  side  is  model. i 
decliuiii;;  to  a  point    named  ("ape  ■*>!.  Mary  <Mi  tin'  recent  .\dniirally  chart,  a  ipiartcrof  a  i 
sicle  of  w  liich  lies  A^/^//^    l.iiiiji.'  h.ire  at    the  lowest    tides,  ami  lia\inj,' deep  w  alia' all  ..i 
The  ledue  Is  m.irlvcd  h\  a  mass  o I   kelp.     Tliciiei'  I  he  shoie  of  Lope/  Isl.md  makes  adeep  In  iii  ; 
a  mile  to  the  westwaiil,  with  a  low   hi'.n  h  and  marsh,  mcr  and  he,\ond  which  Lnjii :  iSmnnl    r  :;  i 
seen.     This  hciid  is   iiaiiied  Shu^il  l!i'ilit.[  and  li.is   rroin   si\  to  ten  t.ilhomsof  water  lur;! 
with  level,  s,ind>   hottum.      There  is  a  little  pat<-li  of  ke!|>  near  the  outer  ed;^e,  with  si\  I.: 
water  in  it.     The  t.n  f.ilhom   lairve  ol   this  e,i|>ilal   anclnna;^!'   lies  outside   the    line  ol   < 
>'aiy  and   the  western   side  of  , James   Island.      In    mid  channel   rise  the  /)'/»</  /I'o./.-v.^  ah" 
feet    liij.di.  consist  in;,'   of  three  small,   rockv     islets   vii\\    close   |oL;cllier,  and    running;    in 
direction.     Tlicv  are   suinewh.il    pviaiiiidal    in   form,  and   diirinj;  the  summer  show  veil... 
aeeoiint  ot'  theparelnd  i^rass  and   Ihe  colnr  nf  the  locks.      .Mneast  of  them,  on  thewcsi. 
is  ii  narrow  openiii;,' or  pass  het  w  cell  i  wd  low  ,  lockv  lieails  ol  Lupi  /  and  Decatur  JslamN.'      ' 
of  this  pass  is  a  line  lit    isiels  laiiuiiiL:  trom    the   north   head   and   makini;'  I  he  channel  riiii  ' 
tlie  south.     This  Itairier  is  eallecl   I. ope/.  Chain.t  ami  the  entrance  the  Lope/,  I'ass.^     Sev  i  i    1  \  ■>.■ 
islancls  ail'  f.niiid  inside.     X'ancoiiv  ei's  hoals  ev  idently  were  in  this  hav .  as  his  eliai  I  ;;i\  ■      > 
j.'eiiera!  idea  of  It.     The  ancliur,i-e  of  Slicial    I'li^hl    cnntiiincs   smne  dis'aiii'e   noilliu.iid        i 
I'a.ss,  and  ahii'.ist  of  sume  moderately  lii;,'h  w  liite  clilfs  on  I  he  .sont  Inast  I. ice  ol    Ulakcl.v   I 


lu.i.i.i;   i;imk. 

Ninth  northeast    three  ipi.iricis  of  a  mile  fioin    Ihrd    I.'oeks  lies   I'.elle  I.'ock.  direct!, 
••Iiaiiiiel,  maUin;,'  a  verv  danucious   position.     It   shows  Imir  feel  above  the  very  lowesl  tal.  -. 
is   covered    'oy    a    p.ilch    of  kelp,    winch    is,  however,   p'tierallv    liiii  under  h,\   the  slicii;;!  I    "I 

■  N.iiii.  .1  l.>  il,.'  1.  S.  <',„i~l  Sin WN  ill  I-.'. I  l..i|  IV  I'.i-s  is  .  all.il  M,iiii\  I'.iss  un  llir  Kn^lisii  .Vilinii., 
I.-T.'.i, 

t  \.iiii.-.|  hy  111,,  r.  S.  ('.i:i^l  Siiivi'V  in  |s.-,|.      We  wrn    ll.r  liisl  1.,  ilisi  ii\  i  i  tins  ;i\ailaMi-  :iii.  limanr.      P 

D.'ivis  ll;i>  I'll  till'  Kii.lisli  Ailiiiii;ilt\  I  hull  lit'  K''.*. 

tiall.il  .Mllrnliini.ili    Clrsrnil    li.v     llio   I'llllnl    Sl.lt.  s    I A  |i|iil  illi;    lixp.'.ll  I  LiM,   I  -  1 1  ;    IKlMliil    1,1111./    Ii>     I         i 

CoMl  Siirv.'V  III  1-;.|. 

V  Nuiiie.l  liy  llir  ImiIiiI  Slat.'M  h\|iliinii«  ICvji. '.11111111  ,1-11. 


n^H 


k«* 


iiiilcs  (Voiii  tl 


"     "l•^ll■||ll 


'  otlicr.     Tins  .•.MUX,.  ,,1 
and  ;i  liiiir  1,1,1,.,  |„  ,|,^, 
^M'lit  til  I'oiiit  l.,i\vr{'ii(v, 

ire    tlic    niuiii  I  ,,   I,;,,;, 

'"mi 

ml  folly  liTi.  ,    ,   ,>  ,.|^. 

Ill  Sli-;ir  l.,Ml,  .Hie  111,,,,. 
;ili('  .Muiiiitaiii.  iDii'  ii,„,j, 
n'.stcni  side  of  i!,,.  ,;i,|,,| 

a   moiiiilaii I!liikcii[ 

Ifl'   miles  Wi'^l    !i_v  ,s,,||,!,| 

Itioil,  twt)  Ili,p||s:iii,l  |,,|,j| 

ill'  wav  <lii\vii   III,.  ii,ii|||. 

:it. 

•oilllicrii  fiil;,ii,. ,  ,,',.  ,■ 

I-    |MI||     liailll,    ,ll|l|    I,,   |,;,„ 

lair  iiiilfs  :i|i;ni.  j,  i„,|i, 
'   liiii'lli   t'lnl   (i|   ('\iii,.H, 
liair  caNt  top  I, ,11,  ;,i,,]  J 
a  t'liiirtli  miles,  .i,,,!  tii,.] 

liall'  miles.  Tlirii.v  'ii 
Island  at  tlie  iiis!.ni ;| 

I  tlu'll  steer  llnnl,  lln;; 

islands,  as  alie.;,],  i;,,';' 
\V(i  to  six  miles  |„  r  I"!! 
side  Is  modeia 
,  a  i|iiai'terii|'  a  i 
ilcep  u  aler  all  ..: 
d  makes  a  dei'|.  'i 

lieli    /,i>/)i  :  ,S'<)/M'.;     I 
s  (>r  w  aler  !h|'  a 
il^;e,  Willi  si\  t.i 
de   the    line  ul   < 
fSinl  I!,>,l.sA  all.. 
Hid    riiiiiiinu   III 
liner  sliiiw  M  II, 
em,  (III  tlie  \\e>i. 
>eeatiir  Island-.'      ' 
I  lie  elianilel  I'liii  ' 
•/.  i'ass.5      .S(.\  |.i       ; 
IS  Ills  eliai  I  ;;i\ . 
nee   iiiii  1 1,\\  aid  '      I 
aee  (it    lilakeK    I 


le  l.'oek.  direetiv 

le  very  liiwesi   I  lii'  -.     ' 

'!■  Iiy  the  siren;.;!!    "I     ■ 

Ihi'  Iji-Ii-Ii  A.Imiii.' 
hll.l,.  :lll.  Iliir:l^r.  !' 
;  iiiuiiiil   l.ii|ii'/.  Ii>    I       I    ' 


j  >A 


n<>('t'|itii>D  IkIhikI    fniiii  till'  iiiNi< 


Deception  UUu,l    fr.„n  th..  ,„,„l..:   l.,ok„„  S„„th«o,t- .r.r, 


i    I 


i  'i 


■  ,  i;*.  I 


B4S  ■    it 


tr-., 


N 


PACIFIC   COAHT    I'lLOT. 


563 


[curroiits.    The  rip  upon  it  can  aonictiincs  he  seen  when  the  water  is  smooth,  but  with  Ii/,'ht  wiiuls 

ami  liif,'h  tid  -s  ils  existence  would  not  be  .suspeeteii.    On  all  sides  of  it  the  water  is  very  deep. 

jTlie  extent  A'  the  roek  above  water  is  about  twenty  I'eet  scpiare.     Wo  discovered  ami  named  this 

|daiiKerin  18.11,  and  while  ere(!lin«  a  sii,'nal  ii|)on  it  noticed  that  the  tide  rose  nearly  one  and  :i 

'  liiiir  (cct  while  the  current  was  vet  ruiininK  elib  at  the  rate  of  three  miles  an  hour.     lietween  it 

iiml  the  I'.ird  I'ocks  there  is  .i  submarine  rid<,'e  with  plenty  of  water,  but  marked  by  slvoii};  eddies 

uIm  II  the  siirCaee  is  smooth.     Hetweeii  it  and  the  nearest  |)oint  of  I'.urrows  Island  to  the  eastward 

llic  width  of  the  channel  is  one  and  three  fourths  miles,  with  a  deiith  as  ^reat  as  nine(y  lathoin.s. 

The  stcamshii> /i'(;^»h/*;ic  ran  upon  this  nick,  also  the  pilot-boat  /'«//(»•,  and  other  vess(;ls.     Near 

the  ISclle  Hock  the  currents  run  from  two  to  tivi!  knots  per  hour,  with  strong  rips  when  the  winds 

are  adverse. 

A  srcniid  flitsHWIiintliiitiliiioi/,  \r,uuivd  black  and  marked  "  I'.elle  H(  ck,"'  has  been  moored  in 
eleven  fathoms  of  water  over  rocky  liottom  about  one  hundred  yards  M.utli  by  oast  (N.  by  K.) 
froiii  the  rock,  and  close  to  the  outer  ed;.M!  oi'  {]'.>'.  kelp.  In  very  smooth  weather  this  buoy  may 
tot  whistle.    Tills  buoy  was  established  in  JIarch,  IS.S'J. 


^m 


FIDALGO   ISLANO. 

On  the  eastern  side  of  the  entrain-e  after  passing  I)e  ,'eption  Island,  the  face  of  Fidalgo  Island 
is  lii;;ii,  precipitous,  and  bare  for  two  or  three  miles  in  a  northwest  direction.  This  is  called  Saves 
lltiiiL*  liehiiid  it  Mount  Erie  rises  to  twelve  hundred  and  forty  feet.  The  shore  then  sweeps 
to  ihe  north,  chanjjing  to  the  westward  until  abreast  of,  aiitl  tw  <  miles  from.  Ucllo  Hock.  In  the 
dci  |i  bay  formeil  by  this  western  extension  of  the  shore,  and  lyiiii;  -veil  olf  sliorc,  are  the  WiUiani- 
tiiii  l{o(k.s,*  a  cluster  of  rocky  islets,  twenlysix  feet  hi};li,  with  deep  water  elo.se  around  them. 
Fkhii  Deception  Island  they  bear  northwest  two-thirds  w.'st  (X\V.  rj  W.)  tliiee  miles  ilislant ;  and 
fiuiii  Sonlhwest  Island,  oil'  WatiiKiii-h  Head,  northeast,  ive  miles  ilistant.  Half  a  mile  m)rth- 
wiiid  of  them  is  Allnii  Tslanit,*  whicii  is  almut  three  (piartivs  of  a  mile  in  extent  and  two  liiindred 
Icet  iii;;h,  with  ils  southern  face  partly  b^.;<'.  A  ijuarter  of  a  mile  olf  its  southwest  face  lies  the 
Jhiii.s  AV)i7.-.  This  is  never  bare,  but  its  jiosition  is  marked  liy  a  iiatrii  of  kclii.  It  has  two  feet  of 
water  upon  it  at  the  lowest  sprinj;tides.     We  discovered  this  daiij^er  in  iSj-t. 

North  of  Allan  Island,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  channel  a  <pnirter  of  a  mile  wide,  is  Bur- 
rows l.\liiiiil,*  cine  and  a  half  miles  lon{;  southeast  and  northwest,  by  half  a  mile  in  iireadth.  The 
island  is  six  hundred  and  forty  feet  liiKht  and  has  a  notably  llat  top,  is  wooded,  and  may  be  seen 
lioiii  tlni  Strait  of  Fuca.  At  the  eastern  ei.d  of  the  jiassaj^e,  between  the  last  two  islands,  is  a 
hiiiall  one  called  Yoitiiti  fuland.*  Throu;;h  all  the  channels  formed  by  these  islands  a  good  depth 
ol  water  exists,  and  no  dangers  have  been  discovert'd. 


BURROWS    BA'. 

The  deep  bay  between  Fidalgo  Island  and  Allan  and  Durrows  Islands  is  named  I5urrow.s 
i;.i,\  ;  it  is  two  and  a  half  miles  long  north-northwest  and  south  southeast,  and  about  one  and  a 
li  ill'  miles  wide,  except  neai'  the  lu'idn  rn  part.  At  this  noithern  jiart  there  is  a  large  lagoon 
tin  iiied  liy  a  long,  narrow  spit  rr.nning  east  and  west  nearly  across  the  whoh-  width.  It  is  i.'alled 
I  liiunder  I>ay. 

The  depth  of  water  througiiout  Ibirrows  Hay  ranges  from  tweatylive  fathoms  at  the  southern 
iiitrance  to  seven  fathoms  (in  the  east  side  of  I'urrows  Islaiul.  Tin  .icpth  of  water  is  goiid  on 
the  west  side,  but  along  tlu!  entire  eastern  side  the  three-fathom  ciirve  extends  out  fully  half  a 
mile,  and  on  thi^  edge  of  the  three  tat hom  line  east-nortlieast,  one  and  one-ipmrter  miles  fio::.  the 
siiiith  point  of  Allan  Island,  there  ai(>  sunken  rocks,  (lood  anchorage  may  be  had  in  ten  fathoms 
of  water  over  sandy  bottom  when  the  passage  beiweeii  P.urrows  and  Fidalgo  Islands  bears  west, 
and  in  ten  fathoms  near  the  unnamed  jiassagi^  between  liprrows  and  I'idalgo  Islands.  IJut  near 
the  chainiels  themselves  the  depth  of  water  is  from  twenty  to  liflcen  fatlioms. 

\<:ir  /,////l^— '•  A  fixed  white  Unlit  on  a  white  stake  has  been  placed  on  the  sandy  .spit  on  the 
imrlli  side  of  the  bay"  and  nearly  abreast  the  northern  iioint  of  Uurrows  Island.  The  light  is 
about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  spit  from  the  west  end.  The  stake  is  lifteen  feet  high,  and 
alioiit  twenty  feet  north  of  the  hiuli  water  mark.     I'muii  II. e  stake  the  south  tai'gent  of  (ireen 


m 


'  NiuiiimI  l)y  till'  lliiitril  Sliiti.t  Dvpliiiiii),'  Kxpc  iMioii,  IHll. 


,l. 


^i  i 


i'.i  ifi 


m'l 


i^i  u 


■A'lt 


i*k. 


&f 


•'i'i-t  I'AoiKK!  coAsr  riiAvr. 

Point  on  ri(l;il;,'o  Island  ht'ius  soulliwf.si  by  west  tlirct-  (iniirt«'r,s  wi-st  (SW.  by  \V.  ,'  W    ii,„,,. 
iiniirU'i's  ol'  u  milt'. 

Tliislifjlit  serves  us  a  •III idc  tliroiiyli  f.iinows  Ha.v  for  tlic  soiitliwaiil,  aiitl  llii(.ii;;li  tin  nuiil, 
fliannt'I  iK'twt'fn  tlii-norlli  side  of  Itiinows  Island  and  the  south  shore  of  (iieeii  I'oini  I'l  i.i.mi],. 

The  lifjlit  was  established  October  1,  ISSS. 

The  breadth  of  Hosaiio  Strait  at  I'.eUe  iJoik  is  thiee  and  a  half  miles;  but  it  is  soou  coi.n  „  i,„i 
by  .fiiiiirs  Ishniit,*  oil  the  \vest«'rii  side,  and  opens  into  a  broad  ehaiiiiel   iiiiiiiiiij;  north  iio.  i  ||,.,|>| 
ealled  the  lUUiinjhum  CliiiniiilJ  whieh  is  about  two  miles  wide  at  its  eiitiaiice.     A  ehaiiml  lu.n^ 
one  mile  wide,  ealled  (iiieiiies  ("haiinel.   iiiiis  from  the  strait   more  to  the  eastward  and  ;ili.  i    i  ,     ' 
north  shore  (d'  j'idal^io  Islaml,  and  leads  into  PadiHa  I!ay. 

At  the  eastern  part  of  this  ehannel  (mi  the  northerii  point  of  lMdal;;o  Island  is  Hie  town  ni 
Anaeostes,  with  whieh  the  sound  sleaiiii'ihas  rennlar  eoiniiiiiiiieatioii  with  Seattleaiid  iiileiim  ili.it, 
ports  on  the  eastern  shore  of  W'hidbey  Island. 

I'pon  Fidal-o  Island  rises  Mount  Krie*  to  a  hei^iht  (d' one  thousand  two  hiindreil  ami  liii, 
feet,  covered  with  woods,  ami  present  in;;  a  Hat  appeal  aiiee  fioin  certain  dirct'tions,  wiili  mi^,; 
Loaf  Mountain,  one  thousand  ami  sixty  feet  lii^di.  Jii.st  mo  ili  of  .Mount  I'lrie.  At  the  south  hi„  ■; 
Mount  laie  there  is  quite  a  large  lake  coiinecliiig  with  the  lai^'cr  iiie,  named  i'ampbfll'-  I,,),,, 
lying  to  the  eastward.  i 

Fi<lal(/ii  I!<iif.  Fidiiliid  [si, mil. — Two  stake  liuiits  have  been  placed  on  the  northeast  iim!  s.iinli    . 
west  sides  of  the  channel  troiii  P.idilla  I'.ay  to  Fiilal-o  T.av. 

The   N<ntlieast  point   of  the  entrance  is  named  Ciiiiiilnll  Spit,  and  a  //.((■(/  irhiti- liijlit  liii.l.ii,    ;, 
torn  is  shown  at  an  elevation  of  eight  feet  abovi-  the  water  from  a  white  post  placed  alpnui  lin. 
yards  inside  the  low  water  mark. 

Tlie  approximate  geographical  positimi  of  this  light,  is:  < 

I.aiitiiil.' I-    ^;i' v;i  '  II, Hill. 

I.uii:;iliMli' IJ-J    :ii    ...'.     w.^l 

The  soiilherii   point   of  the  eiitiance  is  known  as    Widrri-linii  Spil,  nwil  n   li.inl  rul  tiiilil.\i„~ 
lantern,  is  shown  from  the  top  of  a  white  post  nine  feet  iii.uh  and  eight    feel  above,  the  Mater.    I;    ' 
h.lS  been  pi, iced  about  (illy  sards  IVoin  iIh'  exlleiiiity  of  the  spit. 

The  ap|U(i\iiiiate  geographical  position  of  this  light  is: 

I.;ltllllilr 1-      •-'-'    .'il'.'-  IMirlll.  i^ 

Luiijiiiiiilf  !■.!■:    ::'■    11     «>^i.  \ 

•/allies  Island  consists  of  two  heads  a  mile  apart  and  two  hundred  and  lifty  feel  liigli,  lur 
etnineeted  b\  a  narrow  ridge.  Tlie  soiilliirii  head  is  llie  higher  and  not  \er.\  liea\il\  liniliin.l 
Clo.se  otV  the  west  ridge  lies  another  head,  coiilieeted  with  I)e(atur  Island  by  a  low  bearli.  lii;' 
there  is  a  deep  channel  lietwcen  this  lieail  ami  .lames   Island. 

Thatcbfi-  I'liss. — Northwest  ot'  .laiins   Island   is  an  opening  hall   a  mile  wideiui  tiie  \m  ~i  --'Ar   : 
<»f  the  strait  betwci'ii  Deiiinr  Island  and  lij.ikcly  hiaiid.  j  wilii  twenly  li\  e  fathoms  in  il,  Imi  \>  ih 
a  rock,  eovi-red  at   a  i|iiaiter  llood,  exacilv    in   the   middle  of  the  eiii  laiice.     \\  C  discoveii  I  :li  > 
danger  in  lx"»l;  on  the  .\diiiir.ill\  cliail  it  has  been  n.imed  b.iwson  lo-cf.  which  has  been  iii.iin..; 

ini  the  «'o.ist  .Siir\<'\  ciiait.     T  e  o|iening  is  callcil  Tii:itchei   I'ass.  ami  the  currents  rush  th di 

at  tAo  to  four  miles  per  hour.  W'luti  /mk/,-.  sixlccn  feel  hi;;li.  lies  under  the  sliiue  of  l;lakel\  i-hiiid 
to  parti  all>  obsiiiicl  Iliis  passage;  ii  is  of  small  area  and  li.is  deep  w  aler  all  aidiiml  it.  On  tin  r,is! 
erii  side  ot'  the  strait,  half  a  mile  farllier  iioilh.  appears  linl'  I'dlnt,  the  soiilliw<'s|  extirnni)  ui 
J'ypress  Island,*  oil  which  lie  rocks  and  foul  bottom  lor  half  a  mile  on  the  line  to  lJiiiniH> 
I.sland. 

IlIoV    (111'    liKKl'    I'dlNI',    CVrKKSS    ISLAND. 

To  mark  the  danger  olV  this  point  for  v<'s,sels  bound  through  liellingliam  Channel  Imumci! 
Cypress  Island  and  (ineines  Island,  there  has  been  placed  a  sccdikI  ,l<iss  lun  lnuty,  jiaintnl  lilu,.  .  »"■! 
nuiiilirri'd  J.  It  is  placed  in  I  went  \  seven  feet  of  water  at  the  lowest  t  ides  outside  the  r>  it  .im! 
about  half  a  mile  Irom  the  southwest  point  ot  ('y|iress  Island. 

Around  this  loealits  extends  a  lai;;e  body  of  kelp,  and  one  rock  uncovered  at  half  llooil. 

'  Naiiiril  li\  111.-  Iiiiiiil  Snili-«  K\|iliiiiiii:  i:\|irilllinii,  l-ll. 

IN;iiiiiil  liv  111.'  r    S.  ('nasi  .Snivi')-  ill  l-.'>:i.     The  liiiliaii  iiiiiiir  is  rnlNC);li. 

t  Nairiol  li\   VaiK  iiiivii.  K'.i','. 


i*: 


I 


rACIKIC   COAST    I'll-OT. 


565 


'•i'.y  w.  ;\v  ,1,,,,, 

il   lliriui;;!!  Il„    i,„|,i| 


From  this  luioy  Hit'  followiiij;  iM'iiriii;,'^  iiml  disliiiiccs  iirc  j,'ivcii: 

'1  ho   ■.(Hilli   |>i>iiil    iiC  lilaUrly  I>l:itiil   in   Tlialrliii  l\i>s \V.  S.  W.  :<,)  inili'H. 

'I'hr  \>  I  ^l  |Miiiil  (if  limiiiws  KliiMil SI',.  Iiv  S.  ',  S.         :i',  iiiilcH, 

Vessels  homitl  nortliwiinl   tlinui','!!    I!elliii;,'liiiiii   Cliaiiiiel   leitvo  it  on  tlie  port  Uaml;  tlioso 
lioiiiiil  directly  lliroii},'Ii  the  strait  leave  il  mi  tlie  sdirlioanl  liaiiil. 


northeast  ;iii<l  mhuIi 


•il  at  hair  IIcmmI. 


rVl'lIKSS   ISI.ANIt. 

The  southern  I'aeeof  Cvpreas  Island  eonsisi. sol'  alternate  nerpcndicnlar  white,  elills,  and  sloping 
jXriMiiid  I'overed  with  fe in  or  trees.  On  its  western  siili-,  anil  one  and  oneipiarti'r  miles  I'roni  tlu; 
siintliwest  point,  is  t'onnd  a  snn;,'  little  harhor,  ealled  Sinnrlinr!/  /.'«//,*  whieli  is  fornii'd  by  tho 
retreatin},' of  tho  shore-liini  and  an  ontlyin;;  rocky  islet  railed  Ktrawlierry  or  IFantl)oy  Islainl.t 
III  thisltay  excellent  ancliiiia^;(>  is  rnnnd  in  lioiii  six  to  ten  t'atlioiiis  of  water  o\ci' nniddy  liottoin. 
(Iiiml  fresh  water  is  ])lentifiil  here.  A  lii;;li  white  clilV  is  seen  to  tliesonth  of  tlieharlior,  from  tiic 
-liores  of  whi<!h  rist)  rapi<lly  the  Lake  Moiiiii;iiiisf  to  an  elexaiimi  of  oik-  thousand  live  lininiretl 
Mild  twenty  live  t'eel,  and  anion;;  whose  peaks  we  foniid  two  lari;e  sheets  of  fresh  water.  These 
peaks  are  very  noticeable  froia  the  .Strait  of  j'nea,  and  lieini;  connected  by  comparatively  low 
ridjjes  with  other  hills  on  the  island  they  present  a  saddle  like  appearanct-  troin  the  southward  anil 
westward.     (See  pa^'o  ol'.t.) 

ni.AKf.I.V    ISLAND. 

.\breast  of  Strawberry  Island  the  strait  contiacts  to  a  width  of  one  and  a  half  miles,  where 
llie  hold  rocky  face  of  lil.ikel.s  Island,  Iniinili;;'  the  western  shore,  rises  to  a  liei;:ht  of  idne  hun- 
dred and  sixty  two  leet,aiMl  is  known  as  I'dnkely  Head.  The  j^renlest  elevation  of  the  northern 
part  ot  the  island  is  one  llionsand  and  forty-four  feet.§ 

Nearly  half  a  mile  southeast  from  its  eastern  face  lies  a  veiy  small  low  rock,  called  niack  /I'oc/,-,! 
ten  Icet  lii;;h,  and  half  way  beiwcen  it  and  the  sonlli  end  of  the  island  is  a  Whitv  /i'<i(7,.|  sixteen 
feet  liiiih,  a  (pnirter  of  a  mile  lidiii  the  shore.  The  latter  has  been  already  mentioned.  The.se 
ilan^'eis  have  ;;ood  depths  of  water  aioiind  them.  In  this  narrow  part  of  the  Uosiirio  Strait  the 
depth  of  water  is  about  sixtv  fathiMiis,  niid  the  current  ^oes  lliron^ih  with  a  roar  like  the  sound  of 
a  ^'ale  of  w  ind  thion;;li  a  forest.  When  al  anchor  in  ten  fathoms  under  the  low  [loint,  one  and  a 
i.df  miles  north  of  Strawberry  Island,  we  found  theeurrent  running-  four  miles  an  hour  and  swirl- 
in;:  so  much  that  the  vessel  had  to  be  steered  to  prevent  her  breaUiiii;  her  sheer. 

Ohxtrurtinn  I'nss. — Thence  the  strait  widens  to  the  northward,  and  at  the  noith  end  of  I>Iakely 
Island,  two  and  a  half  miles  northwest  of  rijukcly  Head,  at  the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait,  two 
cliannels  lead  to  the  westward  aioiiiid  ( tlislrnetion  Island. t  which  lies  between  ISIakely  and  Onras 
Islands.  IJotli  are  narrow,  and  olf  the  entrance  to  the  south  lie  some  sunken  rocks  ami  other.s 
aliove  the  water.     Ulakely  Island  ami  Oicas  Island  are  threeipnirters  t  ■'  a  mile  apart. 

< Hi.it ruclioii  Ishiml  l.'\(jht.—^)\\  the  southwest  |ioiiil  of  Obstinction  Island,  at  the  western 
eiiti-.iiii'e  to  the  l'ea\iiie  Vnss,  a  Ji.ml  )■(  d  liijlil  has  been  placed  on  a  white  post.  The  po.st  i.s  fifteen 
feet  lii^^h  and  is  twenty  feet  inside  the  extienie  end  of  the  island.  The  li^dit  is  twenty-.six  feet 
iiliove  hl;rh  water. 

It  was  established  October  1,  1 SSS. 

An  Iron  .v/ina/Zc  surmounted  by  a  Intrnl  imiiifdl  irliitf  has  been  jdaced  on  a  rock  at  the  east 
entrance  to  tlie  southern  pass  close  to  the  north  shore  of  IMakely  Island. 

Hiilil  /'(•((/,-.— When  in  the  nari'owest  part  of  Kosario  Strait  a  very  marked  periiendieular 
rocky  peak  is  seen  on  the  tiorth  end  of  Cypress  Island,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  northward  of 
Strawberry  l'>ay.  Il  is  first  raised  oxer  the  low  point  of  ('\  press  a  mile  and  a  tjuarter  northward 
ol  the  bay,  and  soon  shows  risiii;;  alunptl.\  troiii  the  water's  ed^e  t'/  a  hei^^ht  of  seven  hundred 
aiKl  fifty  feet.  It  is  called  I'.ald  I'eal 
its  I'onrsi'  to  north  lialfeast  for  four  a 


Abreast  of  it  the  channel  lal;es  the  liist  turn,  ehan^ing 
nehalf  miles.     Half  a  mile  olf  the  north  eml  of  Cypress 


•  \;iiMril  liy  Viiiiciiiivcr,  IT!l-.'.      I'lii'  IiiiIkiii  iiainr  I'm'  SI  raw  l"ii\    Hay  is  Till  l-lir-U'li-liii«. 

!  NaiiH'il  liv  llir  lliiilnl  SliitcM  l'.\|iliiiiii'4  Ks  iMilil  inn,  l~tl. 

1  Naincil  liy  Itii'  t'.  S.  CiiaHt  Survey,  ts.'!. 

i\t'lic  I'.iinlisli  Ailiniialty  cliarlK,  Niis.  t'.ill  ami  •:>,".>,  liavr  lliis  nniiudiislv  ii>iiic(l  al  twi.  (lionsaiiil  ami  forty-fimr 

fr,.K 

llNaiiu'il   liy  tlio   II.   S.   (;()ata  Survey  in    ]<i\.       I'lie   Indian  naiin-  is  Sliili-niijjilli,  Hinnilyiii;;  tin"  liouio  of  tlio 
TliuiiUurbird. 


u 


r>66 


PACIKIO   COA8T   riUOT. 


Isliinil  is  a  Hiiiiill  islet  covon'tl  witli  tm-s,  uikI  wilU'tl  ('iipnxH  liorl,.*     Nearly  liiiir  a  mile  w.  - , 

there  isii  piitoli  of  liitlilcii  liaii^jeis,  known  as  r,v|iresM  l{e.r;  it  has  a  ih-ptli  of  thirty  falhim  > ,  1„1 
outsiile  it.  The  eoinparatively  low  jslaml  one  anil  one  lialt'  sijnaie  miles  in  extent  an<l  hall  .1  ]„,;, 
north  northeast  of  (.'y press  is  Simlnir  /.Wo/o/.t  tiie  highest  |)art  of  whieli  is  towards  the  (  mm,,,, 
end.  Oil' the  northeast  Caee  of  Siiulair  Island,  aiitl  sln'teliiii;,'  half  a  mile,  is  lloirhhr  l,'t,t,\  mm|,|,, 
at  «'xtreme  low  tides.  It  iseovered  with  kelp,  wliirli  is,  however,  uenerally  kept  underili..  sim.,,,. 
of  the  water  l)y  the  stroiij;  eiirreiits.  A  liu;;e,  erratic  granite  liowlder  is  seen  at  oidiii:ii>  ii,|,. 
inside  o(  the  onter  point  of  the  reef,  and  hears  from  it  east  '  .,•  south  three  (piarters  soiitli  jK,  |n 
S.  i  S.),  distant  live  hnmlred  janls  I'rom  the  wcsfcm  point  of  the  islami  the  reef  liems  i-\.mu 
north,  distant  three  ipiarters  of  a  mile.  The  levenne cutter  ■h[()'<rKi>n  />«»•/«  and  the  sIimiii  >lii|, 
I'dHiimn  were  npon  it  after  we  discovered  it.  On  the  north  side  of  the  island  is  anclHira:;i>  in  tm 
to  llfteen  fathoms  of  water,  half  u  iiiilu  t)tf  shore  and  well  oiitsitle  the  line  of  keli>  whicli  im,-,, 
this  uiul  the  western  sidu  of  thu  island. 


\ 


¥ 


\k  n 


mOV  ON    tlOWLDKR   UEEl'. 

Howlder  Keef,  Just  described,  is  marked  liy  WHtrondvlnss  nun  hiioii,  jmintnl  rvtl  iinil  niitiilnriil'l 
If  is  placed  in  i  wciity  nine  feet  of  walir  at  the  lowest  tides,  and  lies  almiif  tlincTumllis  i.|  ,1  mil,. 
from  the  north  sidtMif  Sinclair  l>laiiil.  From  il  Lawrence  Point,  the  eastern  «'Xlrehiiiv  mI  iiic^i, 
Island  on  the  west  side  of  the  channel,  hears  west  by  mirth  three  (pniitcrs  north  ( W.  In  N.  ;  N., 
tlistant  twoaiid  one  half  miles;  and  the  South  Side  of  Ohstniction  Island  bears  soiiiliur^i  Ii,i;{ 
south,  di>taMt  livf  and  a  half  miles.     Tins  Inmy  is  sometimes  called  Taiiama  IJuoy. 

The  };encral  direction  of  the  channel  shores  of  Cypress  and  Sinclair  Islamls  from  Tidf  rmiii 
on  the  former  is  niMthiiortheast  for  lour  miles,  and  formin^Mlie  western  shore  of  the  sliaii  ;iliiv,h' 
these  islands  is  the  irrcjinlar,  concave  shore  hue  of  the  southeast  part  of  Orcas  Island  1"  i»m' 
Obstriii'tioii  Pass  and  l-awrcncc  Point,  a  di-tance  of  four  and  a  (|uarter  miles.  I'.etuecii  il,(<i 
sluircs  the  strait  is  twoaiul  three  fourths  miles  broad,  but  in  part  obstructed  by  the  Peapml  IImU 
\\\\)g  directly  abreast  and  tw(»  miles  distant  from  the  northwest  face  of  Sinclair  Island.  :iiiil  mir 
mile  south  southeast  of  Lawreuco  Point. 


ii  ii,i 


I.      ;"    < 


1^1     i 


^:  \ 


THK   I'KAl'dDS. 

Tho  reapod.s  arc  tlireo  rocky  islets  lyiiij;  nearly  three  tburllis  of  a  mile  olf  the  easlcrn  >\\o[,-   ;, 
of  Oreas  Island  under  Port,  Lawrence.     The  lar^jcst  islet  is  uipiaiter  i>f  a  mile  Ion;:  noitlic.iM  aM    ^ 

southwest,  but  quite  narrow.     The  northeast    point   is  1 and  one-ei^'lifh   miles  south  xmiUm-.m    ' 

from   Point  Lawrence.     It    has  very   deep   water  close   under  it      The  nearest  point  t.f  SiiKlnr    ; 
Island,  on   the  east   side  of  the  slr.iit,  is  two  miles  east  southeast   from   this  Peapod,     Tin'  t«u 
small  PeajMsls  lie,  respectively,  a  ipiartcr  of  a  mile  and   nearly  live  eighths  of  a  mile  smilli  ^miili 

west  (SS\T.)  from  the  largest,  and  the  same  disiaiiee  fitun  the  shore.     There  is  deep  wat.r.u 1 

them  and  a  good  chauuel  between  them  and  Orcas  Island,  if  a  vessel  uhould  be  coiiip.  Ilnl  i" 
take  it. 

OKCAS   ISLAM). 

ThiH  i.s  tho  Iarge.st  island  of  Wa.sJiinRton  Sound.     It  has  ii  mountain,  named  KnI ranee  ^In.lP^ 

ain,  one  thousand  one  hundred  an.l  twenty  feet  high,  and   two  miles  from  its  scHillie I  c 

Olistriietioii  Pass.  The  remaiKable  feature  of  this  island  is  Mount  Conslitulinn,^  whi.li  ii^'-im  , 
series  of  bohl  ridges  lor  three  and  a  half  niil.'s  from  Point  Lawrence  to  a  height  of  two  ti,n;;^,ll|, 
four  linndred  and  nine  feet  at  less  than  three  fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  .shore  on  tli.'  iinillMi;i  I 
face.  This  inimntain  is  the  -real  landmark  for  all  Washington  Sound  and  for  the  aiiiinucin- 
thereto  from  the  Strait  of  I'liea  and  the  C.iilf  of  (Iciugia.  It  is  visible  from  a  di.stance  of  ii!l>  ms 
miles,  and  is  seen  from  the  vicinity  of  Point  Townseiid  and  trom  the  Strait  ol  Puca,  east  ei  li.in 
Itoeks. 


til,.  IiiiO'i  sill'' 


*Nnirn-cl  liy  tlit!  t*.  S.  ('(hikI  Siirvi'V  in  l-.M. 

f  Laid  <lc.«"ii  1..V  »;aliaiic>  ami  Valilcz  ii»   M;,  ,li- l^iiascc.     Il    r.T.iv.-.l  iN  priM  nl    n.-oii.-   fr•^ 

Kvploriiix  I'.X|M'iliti()ii,  t-ll.  .    , 

t  UiH.-.,v.rr,l  an.l  nai I   In  tl..'  f.  S.  ('...Ht  Siiivy  in  l-.M.     Call.'.l   I'ai.an.a  U.,\  ei,  Kn^ilish  .\,i„nial.  >  ■  l,ar, 

of  JS/,i». 

i  Nameil  Uy  tho  Uiiitiil  HtatoN  K.\i>li)iinK  I'.xiMdition,  1-11. 


mmt 


ifidfle 


Iiiiir  ti  niilo  \V(  ,|  „|  :i 
>t' thirty  rallMMiisclnKp 

;'Xt«'llt  illlll  liiilr  .1  iiiil, 

iH  towards  tlic  iM>i,.n; 
llitirlilir  It'd  t\  I  M^||,|,, 

^fpt  IIIkIi'I  till'  siin,!,.,, 
ft'll  at    Onlili:ii\    i|,|,., 

•  liiartiTs  south  |K.  )„ 
tilt'  rcj'f  Items  i\a(||\ 
in  and  tlM>  .sIimim  .s{,i|, 
rid  is  aiH'lidi,!::!'  In  i,!, 
ul'  kclii  wliirli  liiii;-,., 


'/  ml  tniil  uiniihind'y, 
linr  roiiiilis  oi  ii  mil,. 
I'll  fxlrniiiiy  t'f  ihr.ii 
Klltll  (W.  l.y  N.  ,  N  , 

iH'ars  Miiiiliuivi  liaii 

I'.iK.y. 
laiid.^  t'roiii  'i'iilr  rmiit 

rt'ol'  tllt'StlMil  ;iliiv;|sl 

Dri'as  Islaiiil  luiwir!! 

Ilill'S,        I'x'tUll  II  ihiM. 

liy  llif  l'fa|iui|  |;,,iks 
iR'lair  Islaiiil,  ami  inic 


•  oH'  the  caslii  n  >liiire 
i1(«  lonj.'  iiiiillii'.isl  illlll 
mill's  Miiitli  .Miiiilii',i>! 
rt'st  jioiiit  iif  Siiidair 
lis  I't'apod.  Till'  twii 
III'  a  mile  siiiilii  south 

'  is  d('»'p   Watrl  .lli'llliil 

uiild  be  ('iiiiijM  llril  Id 


kv  I 


itiH'd  Kntiaiicr  Moiiiii- 
I  its  soutlit'iii  rml  :it 
//V)/i,§  wliicli  1 1-1-  .11 1 

'i-^llt  1)1'   twn  Ih.ili-.lll.l        * 
Illlll'    (Ul     tllf     II'M  Illlll 

!iil  for  llu'  a|i|ii"iilM- 
a  distaiict'  <it  ii!l>  >"S 
111   I'lica,  ra.st  n!  I!. II' 


<■   rrmii  till'  riiii'  ■'.  -I'l" 
l';iiuli»li  AiliMii.hi     .liiiri 


i 


.>»* 


f 


OrouN  U\n.in\ 


fe-llSJ^g 


Orcw  Island.        Mount  (.'ontttitiition,  y,4',' I  !i'.i.  SK.  by  E.  i  E, 


I'utoH  Nhiixl 


Kiiciu  iMboidn. 


Ltitniiii  Mill!'  iikin,  W.  j  8. 


M*- 


OrcuH  IxUtid 


I  1  „ 

'-,"  ■'■:*^'<«' '  ■•^•■  ■ 


riHtitiitidii,  y,4',';i  !f.i.  SRliy  E.  i  E.,9milei». 


:.',  ^  „•■  fs»- 


|^^..:>^;i!g;f|ii|i^^^^^^ 


Luiiiiiii  Mini- !:iiD,  W.  iS.,  tSiiiilCB,  l,f)(UI  feet. 


Siicia  West, 
E.b>S.iS.,3i  miles. 


If  j:'f  If 


r 


;*(|j  :(, 


my 


.=l*ii  #i' 


'■?* 

^ 


%■ 


m- 


I 


pacipk;  coast  i'ilot.  537 

Tin-  cxIrciiH   l(Mi};tli  of  Oiriis  Island,  tliciisi  ami  soiitliwcst,  is  twolve  miles,  and  north- 

u.-i  anil  soiitlicast.  it  is  sevi-n  and  a  hall'  nnlis.  It  is  maily  cnt  in  Inilf  1)\  a  « real  arm  ol'  tlio 
s..iiiid  fnlfiinji-  (Voni  licliind  or  west  \)(  Ohsiinclidn  Pass  and  i-nnninff  si\  miles  to  thf  northwest 
|u  liind  Kntiance  Momilain  and  Mount  Constil  nti(ni.  This  arm  is  l-jist  .s.nitul,  wiiicli  is  over  a  inilo 
>  .!(',  with  deen  water.  Tliere  is  a  llonrisliin;;-  set,.iinent  named  Hast  Sonnd  in  the  northwestern- 
ii|..-.t  pari  of  this  <h'e|>  arm.     West  Sound  is  a  sandier  indentation  parallel  with  Kast . Sound  and 

llf   ee  miles  to  til(>  SOIltln.t'st. 

riie  narrow  passa^'e  known  as  /'.)/,■  /Vi.v.v,  oidy  one  Imndri'd  and  fil'ty  feet  w  i(h>,  lies  hetwecu 
<li"as  Island  and  t'rane  island,  and  is  one  of  tlie  eonin'etin-^  channels  lietween  the.  West  Sonnd 
(naehinji  northwestward  into  Oreas  Island;  and  llarvcs  Channel  <ni  the  ea.st  and  San  Juiui 
Cliinne!  on  the  west. 

it  has  lieen  nnirked  hy  [\  find  ml  liijhl  shown  from  a  while  post  t'onr  feet  hi.^ii  and  lifteen  feet 
al"i\i'  the  water.  It  is  placed  on  a  rocky  poinl  on  I  lie  southwest  shore  of  Orea.^  Island,  on  the 
I.,  1  ih  side  I.''  the  p,is...i^-e  abreast  Crane  Island. 

I'he  appi<ixnnate  },'eo;;rapiii(;al  posit!  in  of  this  li;;li(.  is: 

I. at i I  mil'  I.s    ;',(■,'  (i;i'  iiiir:li. 

I,<iiii;lliiilc I'j'j     ,7.1'   l.'i"  west. 

(h-fiis  IsliDid. — Sli(i(i  /III/.-.    Sonlh  side  olCd'cas  Island,  wesi  side  of  entrance  to  Kast  Sonnd. 

.\n  ircii  sjiiiidli' iiiih  Ifi  ii/rct  liiiih  and  crinvni-d  wiih  a  irlult  Imrnl  lias  lieeii  est ai dished  on  Shag 
i;,.ik.  The  roc!,  just  shows  at  lii;;li  wain,  and  llie  led^re  extends  alioni  lifly  yaiils  to  the  norfh- 
«  lid  of  tin  rock.  I'liere  is  deep  Water  lietwei'ii  the  Kick  and  the  smith  shoie  of  Oreas  Island,  hilt 
the  passa^'e  is  nol  generally  used.      I'he  spindle  w.isplaei'd  m  posiljoii  in  Mareli,  ISS!». 

The  ;;co;:iaphical  position  of  Mount  Con.  i '.ini  ion,  as  delerniined  hy  the  I".  S.  Coast  Survey 
ill  1S,-^I,  is: 

l-;ililiiih' I-      In    :!',i   ..",  iimtli. 

I,uiii;ll'    U- I'.'-.'      1:1     ir,   ,1    ursi. 

Tlie  poinl  of  Oreas  Island  sti'ctehinu  farthest  e.isi  and  comini;'  ilowii  to  the  water  is  Point 
I.avvicnce.*  and  the  low,  treeless  islets  and  rci'f.  passed  one  and  a  halfinih's  hetore  reaehinj;'  this 
pniiit  tiom  the  south  ward  and  lyinj;  three  ipiarteis  of  a  mile  from  the  shore,  are  the  IVaiiods." 
l»i  I  p  wale'  is  loiiinl  close  to  them. 

When  upon  this  same  mid  channel  course  the  islaml  ahead  is  laiinmi  Island. 

I'.iuniiil  lnhnx'^  is  seven  and  a  lialT  miles  Ion;;'  iioriliwcst  l>y  ucsf  half  west  ami  southeast  hy 
e.i  .1  half  east.  Its  son  them  half  is  veiy  mneh  i  11^  hi  1  than  tin'  noi  lliern,  and  attains  an  elevation 
of  one  Ihensand  live  lininlied  and  si\l\  feel. 

The  southern  short  s  oi'  laimini  Island  are  rocky  on  thee.ist  and  west  sides.  Tlie  southern  part 
is  one  i:reat  mountain  ot'  h(mio;;eiieoiis  lock.  much  of  11  tale.  The  southwest  face  of  this  mountain 
is  too  precipitous  for  ascent.  .\  conspieiioiis  landmark  is  the  rock  slide  just  east  of  the  Lumnii 
hocks.  The  whole  mountain  is  composed  of  clitfs,  ridges,  and  knolls  of  rock;  tliesiirl'aee  is 
(.ci\wlicr(^  covered  with  fragments  Tif  rock  of  all  sizes.  The  tir  trees  grow  wherever  the  root.s 
can  lliid  soil. 

The  I  orthwestern  ])aif  ot' the  island  is  eoniparaln  el\  low.  rolling;,  and  co\ered  with  tir,  which 
isp"rceplilily  thinm-d  out  hy  lo;;giii;;.  The  hill  at  ihis  ii.utliei  n  end  ot  the  island  is  three  hundred 
and  iweiity  feet  high. 

The  rock,  nearly  one  hnndreil  feel  liii;li  oH  the  hi;:liest  jiarl  of  the  ridge,  and  a  third  t)fii 
mile  lioiii  shore,  is  l.ininiii  /»'<)< /,.i  This  consists  ol'  three  locks  lonneclcd  at  low  water;  they  are 
so  siiiiated  th  it  llier'c  is  a  snug  ha  oor  and  aneliorai;e  for  several  small  xess.ds.  opening  to  the 
iioiih.  These  rocks  are  hi^h  and  hare;  Iheiv  aie  .v,(»/,« »  (er/,.s  oil' the  soiiili  point,  hut  ipiile  near 
liii'  111  liii  rocks. 

A  mile  otf  ihe  .south  end  ol' (his  rock,  named  Cailei  Poinl,  are  the  \'iii  /I'ecA.v.*  ahout  lifly  feet 
iii;;li,  \Mlh  good  depths  of  waier  around  them. 

There  is  <me  principal  rock,  and  at  low  water  the  other  patches(d' rock  lie  to  the  .southward  ; 
il.i'  ncarei'iMio  shows  aho\'e  all  tides. 

•  V.oiumI  liy  llic  fnilnl  Sl.ili-s  I'.si.lor  iii^  1'.\|miIii  inn.   I -II. 

I  Callid  Islailr  I'licli.T.i  li>  Kli/iiin  ITlUi;  Mcl,iiii;;liliirs  IsNiiiil  li.vllii'  t'lnU'il  States  I'.xiiliirln^'  Kxiinlitlon  hi  l-II  ; 
Ti:iiiii(l  KiiiTiii.i  iKlanil  in  ISTl  hy  tlii>  V.  S.  ('easl  SiiiMy,  Immmiiso  liihaliit.'il  hy  that,  trilie.  It,  is  kmiwu  by  lie  ittirr 
iiaiiH' 

I  NauKil  liy  lUo  U.  S.  Cuaot  (iiirviv  in  Is.il. 


m 


mt'\ 


508 


PACjvic  COAST  rn,(vr. 


ReWs  Harbor,  toy^nnU  tl.o  s,M.tb..as„.,n  ..,,.1  „f  I.nunu  1>I.„.,1   is  tlmrouKl.lv  ,.,vt...  „,1  „,„ 


I'.Uliy 

Tlu>    Indian   iniiih    ,,1  ti,,, 


wason.     In  siimm.T  and  aiituin!!   ii  dwin<II,..s  to  a   tilcklin-  .sticam 
aiu'liora<;o  is  Iliks-iu'-slakcn, 

TluT,^  is  a  .•,,;/•  „,;nkiMl  by  k,.lp  oir  tlu>  rntran.',.  t„  IN-iPs  IlaH.or  liahl..  f.,  „mU  m„  ,  „. 
entfiint,' tiotn  till' ni.rtliward.  i'\'>m', 

/•Vf.s/,   ir„/rr._()„  .1,0  east  sid..  ..f  tl.is  island,  at  tl,o  lurall.-l  of  .JS-  H'  nnd  about  ,!,„  ,■  ,nl, 
from  tl.osontl.rast  i-oint  of  ti.o  island,  tluMv  is  a  bi;,^l,t  o,.rn  to  iIm-  north  with  a  Rood  sin  „„      ^ 

><>  othor  stivan.s  brsidos  tl.is  and  IfnPs  II;,,!..,,-  liv.-  alt.-r  drv  wralhrr  .•on.n. s 

TluTo  IS  anrhonu,,-  in  tl.o  bi-l.t  north  of  station  "  |l,d.."  on  th.- nortiirastorn  sid-  ot  !l„.,o,,i 
and  on.,  and  a  half  nnlrs  fn.n*  l.-tilV  Harbor,  xvith  profrtion  lor  small  v,.ssrls.  Ji  is  lo,;,|l.  I  ■„,.' 
as  SiiuKj.jlcrs  Coie.     The  Indian  iiatuc  is  Ma  nicnpt'slakcn.  '      " 

Tlu-ro  is  anrhormje  in  th(<  hiyht  sonth  of  station  '•  Rock  I'll.-."  on  th.>  north.'astcrn  M,lr  ,.,  • 
island,  an.l  half  a  niilc  nortlnvcstward  from  the  aiiclioraur  jiisi  d.-srribid. 

/>(i«r/(r.v,_Thrn.  isanoxtfnsiv.Mcrf  jnst  northurst  from  th.' sial ion '•  Itcrf  I'oint  "  .,n  ili.  .,,1,^ 
western  sido  of  ishmd  onlv  .•i,i,ditv  mi'tcrs  from  the  sli.nv.bnt  b.-in-  ,.ir  tho  |M.iiit  ii  niij,dii  1.,  I, 
a  Hteauifr  running  close  to  shore.     It  is  awash  at  half  tiibs  is  not  marked  bv  kel|..  ami  li  ,,  l„ 
water  outside  of  it. 

The  Indian  name  of  Liimmi  Ishintl  is  Smein ma  nk. 

A  shnoUi,i>t  \v.\s  been  diseovered  on  the  eastern  side  of  I.nmmi   Island  about  one  .111,1  H,,,,. 

quarters  miles  northwe.stwardIy  from  the  south  iioiul  of  il,  •  i>i:.nd.     Ii  is  iibout Iiun.lir,!  „,; 

fen  yards  from  the  shore,  and  ha.;  a    least  depth  of  ei-ht    feel  of  u;iter  over  il,  with   i..,,;  ■'..[ 
fathoms  of  water  inside  ot'  it. 

From  this  shoal  spot  the  norlh  end  of  Kiiza  Island  bears  east,  and  the  tan;;ent  lo  ilie  e,i,i  s„|, 
of  ruint  Fiauet'S  i-s'iioith  three  ipiarters  west  (N.  ■^  W.). 


: 


m 

1*1 


*  ;' 


INATI    BAY. 

A  »hn((l  spot  lias  <)eoii  di.soovorod  oft'  the  eiitranee  to   Inati  I?ay.     It   is  about  on.'  Imihlin: 
and    ten  \ards  h-nj,'   in  a   north   ami  south  direction,   and   the  shoalesi    pail  is  just   b;ii,    n  ;,« 
water.     From  this  sp..t   the  north  end  of  Kliza    Island  bears  east  seven  eij;liihs  soiilli    I".     S 
and  tlie  tan;,'eiit  to  I'oint  Frauees  is  north  oneei^liih  west  (N.  1  W.i. 

Ain/tmi' /'<,i«/ (east  side  of  laiinmi  Island)  Xnr  Liijiit.—A  bus  lanh-rn  sliowin;;  a  //n./ ./ ,  . 
liilht  is  Mispended  from  a  white  post  ei^'hleeii  feet  lii;:h  and  about  twents  seven  leei  ainiM.  M,, 
level  of  the  sea.  It  is  plaeed  about  ei;,'lity  yards  from  the  low-water  end  of  l.iniimi  l'oii!t.  ,:iPni 
in  th(>  Li;;hlhoiise  notices  as  Tayloi's  Spit.  The  li;,dit  seems  lo -aide  <  'sscls  tlnouuli  II  1 V. 
I'assat;e,  and  was  liist  shown  .March   l."»,  ISSlt. 

Abreast,  of  I'oint  Lawrence  the  eliannel  is  o\er  three  miles  wide,  and  il  liicn-  cli;i;,-i-.  i!- 
course  to  uortiiwest  for  live  and  a  half  miles,  when  the  mtrlhwesi  jioinl  of  l.umnu  Isl.uhi  '•>,-n\ 
east  northeast,  tlistant  one  and  a  half  miles. 

From  I'oint  Lawrence  the  north  shore  of  Orcas  Island  trends  sh.irplv  t<>  ihe  ucsiw.u.l  i..i 
fijx  mill's  to  Point  Thoiiipsoii*  and  theme  to  the  west  south  west  tor  Ihiee  miles,  lo  Tomt  I  ii  !i^iii>.' 
Theshoreifroiii  I'niiit  Lawrence  to  I'oint  Thompson  is  nearly  strai^iht  ami  \ciy  lii;;liaiid  pici  i|.;[i.ii>. 
and  rises  by  two  or  three  plalcaii\  to  .Mount  Conslitiitioii,  which  is  less  than  a  mile  iiishni.,  mil 
two  tlions.ind  four  hiimlii'd  and  nine  feet  hi;:h.  The  shore  from  I'oint  Thompson  lo  I'oint  li'iu-jty 
is  inodciately  lii;,'h  ami  wooded,  anil  a  lii'ld  of  kelp  and  a  daii;,'eious  led,  n.iincd  I'liih  1'^  lid. 
lie  a  mile  oil'  shore  half  way  and  direcllv  towards  the  Sneia  Islands,  In  midchanm  I  !m:aii!i 
the  clifl's  under  Moiinl  < 'oiistiliition  and  the  northern  part  of  Liimmi  Island,  I'oui  miles  ,,\t,\]\ 
lies  a  t;roup  of  small  islands  neatly  one  and  a  lialf  miles  in  extent.  The  two  principal  ishiii.l^  .ih 
Clark*  on  the  east  and  Itaines'  on  the  left,  with  a  very  narrow  but  deep  ch.iuiiel  between  •Imih. 
Ollllie  southeast  end  of  (lark  Island  are  two  or  three  islets,  called  the  .Sjsteis.' 

The  Sisters  Islet.'s  Hear  Itaines  Island  arc  foity  two  lect  liieb.  The  one  to  the  iioiii.uail 
marked  by  a  lone  tree  is  twenty-six  feet  lii;,di.  (.'lark  Island  is  (ilt\  feet  above  liie  sinii!,  ;iii'l 
iSarni'.s  Island  forty  live. 

The  course  out  of  the  I'osario  Strait  beyond  I'oint  Lawrence  passes  between  the  < 'lark  <wiiii|. 
of  sm.dl  islands  and  islets  already  mentioned  and  the  northern  pait  of  I.iiininl  Island:  llii 

•.N.iiiii.l  li\  Hit'  I'liiliil  .stall-,  i;\|iliiriiiK   l-;s|i.-ilili<iij,  l-ll. 


"""■oii^lily  prpf,.,t,,l,vi,i, 
'  'Mscndc  (Iiiriri;;-  t>..  ,.,|,|,^, 
flio   liidiaii  iijiih    ,,|  ,|i'„ 

''"'''••  •"    I'i<'l<   M|,  ,,   v,.ss,i 

H'  illHl  iih,„it  lliNiTi,:!,,, 

'  ^*''"'  i>  a I  sir,,  I  III 

!it'r  (!oiiirii('iiccs. 

ll'ilKtlTll   side  (iI'Mm   I-   , 

■^<'l><-        il    is    lofilll;,    ^;„, 

"nrtlit'a.stcrn  siil,.  ,,,  ; 

l''<'*'r  I'dint  ■■  (,ii  1 1,.  _. 
I''  I'i'iiil  il  iiii-lii  ., , ; 
■'•  I'.v  kfl|.,  iiiid  I,,,  1., 


lid   iihoiil  mil'  ,-111,1  II:, 

ill'I'llt   (IIIC    illllMll,,!     |. 

"^''i'   il,  Willi    loin  I,,, 
'I:in-:.'iit  t(.|liciM,f  ,, 


f  i>*  ahoiit  one  luiinii,,; 

i'^'l-l   is  jiiM    I,;,,,.    ,,    ;,„, 

••i^dillis  .siMiih  (I'.     S  , 

•M    NlMIWill;;    -A    lit,,:  .r,    : 
,\   seven   f,.,,|    ,||„,,,     . 

>•'  1,111111111  r,iii(i. ,  ,: . 

'     'SSels    llir..ll.L'll    111;,, 

111  il    llieie  eli:i!i-,'»  n- 
111'  liiiinini  Islaii.i  l.iir, 

y    ti>   the    \\esl«,i|,l   I., I 
l«'S.  Ill  i'cillil  ili,iuii|\.» 

,v  lii^li  and  |iieei|i;iiiii>, 
•III  a  mile  in.sjii.i,..  ;„ii| 

i-"ll    I"    I'llilll    l».,;i.|,H 

',  II, lined  l',irl., i\  I;,, I, 
I  iiiidelianiiil  !„  ;  i,,,! 

Ill'l.  I'eill     mile-      :    , 

I  lniiHijial  i.vJaii.N.ii. 
Iianiicl  lietweeii  >lii'iii. 
ers,» 

'lie  til  (he  iiiiii:;u,ii  I 
aliiive  tlie  ,s|iaii.  .h,,! 


!i 


»eeii  the  ClaiK  (. | 

iii  Island  ;  iliis  i  i|;i!i. 


«.'(Cii»iMM: 


■^W»i!»^K«S^«*m*»SSife..«,«*^  ^'Si^ijk^J^gl, 


llalo'8  Pa(t»ug<-.  Kosario  Strair. 


Mkdfiif,*)^ 


t'liirk  iNiiiml. 


'^'^•i'%'>H^^ 


BarnoH  iHlan.I.  Konnrio  Str.iit  (Nritl,  Km:  ,•,   ,,  West  side 


**'.*^**!*^»«*«8*fa4ii#?iAsi^rfMi.irfA  .« ■,, . 


Saiiil\   I'niiil,  7  ini!tw. 


Iiiilijii  NIiiikI 


I'liint  FniiiciH  IIhIiV  I'lc^   ;,'e.  Li; 


Strait. 


Lummi  Moiintniii.  ESE..  Ifi  mile 


-%' 


•'^^■■■rjf: 


Striiil  (\   III,  i:,!:  i<   !,  West  side).  OrciiH  leliind. 


Matia,  ESK.  hvE.JS. 

Sic  allies. 
Mount  Constitution. 


">^.> 


niis         IIhIiV  I'lc^  ;,'e.  Liimmi  Mountain,  8K.  ^  S. 


^Mi^0SS^y:mm:m. 


'1 

'  i 
i 

i  ' 

i 

II 

i'J 

1  u]l,  1    •    « 

Ill 


I 


^^^^^'^'^m&mm^^mMc^mm^^ '  ,^ 


Liiiumi  Bay. 


luilian  Island. 


ll»l.-»  I'Htmane  (North  KntrannO,  K>K., .'.  mi 


'HMLiil.ilH^.JIMlS 


l2^ 


Chuckatiiiik  anil  other  Hill« 
Indian  Island. 


3#fei 


Niirlh  Kntra 


^^^^^^mm^iS^mmm^^mmM 


.msm-:-. 


^^^■^^^  -'"" 


"^^^^^mmm^ 


«<•  (North  KntrannO,  K>K.,r)  iiiilpH. 


I.iiiiiiiii  Mountain,  I  r>r.ii  |i.|.| 


1;-->.,;v. 


*•  '4*. 


N'Tili  Kiitraiiif  to  llali>H  I'a<iHa({»',  5  inilwa. 
North  mill  Lainmi  laland. 


Liimnii  Mountain 
SK,  hy  E.|  E  .  ii(ji„ii,.H 


W^ 


^ '^'^^^^^^^^^^M^m^m^mm 


Mount  Rakrr,  lO.HS?  ft|.|,  ilii  miliH 

Sandy  I'oint.  Lninnu  H.i\ 

K.  Iiy  N.i  N  .4f  iiiilfH 


iVakrt  in  ('iimadr  Ranijf- 


vti 


ill' 


'lif  ll 


*^ 


mM 


iiMiii    1 1  .tgmt ■ I 


w 

rAcM'if  coAsr  I'li.oT.  fifi!) 

';|P.\vii,v  is  11  mile  and  tlircf  (iiiartcrs  wlili-.  'I'n  llir  wrsi  (>niii>  ;;niii|,  ilicr."  is  aiiiillirTrliiimicl  wuy, 
tBiil.' ;iim1  ;i  Ml""''"''' "i"'''- i"i'l  ''Ml  lilllr  less  dircci ;  hiit  lliciv  is  very  ilr<'|i  wulcr  iiiiil  no  aiiclKir- 
agr  llii(iii;;li  il.  Aliivasl  ol' riaik  Tl, mil,  and  uiiiliT  Liiimmh  Isliiiid,  is  an  ()|icn  and  (Mihlractfd 
aB«hi>iiiy:<'i>l'»l  «ln'lt<'i'  I'li'in  iiiiilliril.v  «  iinls,  iiiHlcr  a  low  point  railed  V'illayc  I'oinl.*  Tlir  anchor- 
age  is  in  ten  to  (il'lfrn  fathoms  of  \(  atiT,  liul  liicic  is  no  licsh  wiiicr  near  the  landing,  and  tlui 
tor^'r  Indian  \illa;;f  is  now  dcscilrd.  On  llir  wotfin  side  of  ihc  rliannil  and  closf  to  Clark  anil 
Bftinr-  Islanils  tin'  di'|ilh  of  water  is  fills  and  sixty  fathoms,  and  a  very  stnint,'  ciimint  rmi.s  w.iv 

til«MII. 

Til"  iioilh  end  id'  I.ninmi  Island  is  named  I'linit  Miijliii,  and  isexaetly  two  miles  north  orVil- 
Ulfie  I'oinl.  and  the  depth  of  walei'  under  this  .shore  is  very  yreat ;  liiit  after  passing'  this  point 
ancjiorau'i-  imiy  lie  had  in  ten  lallioms  and  less  Inside  of  the  line  from  Point  Mi^ley  to  Sandy  Point. 

WIhii  lip  with  the  noilli  poini  of  laimmi  Island  llie  <  iiilf  of  (ieorf^ia  is  hroad  open  to  tlin 
noilli"e>i.  with  till'  island  ;;roiips  lo  the  west  northwest,  and  the  eontineiilal  shore  to  the  nortli 
Uliil  r  ist.  Norlhward  of  the  poiiii  lies  the  ileep  .--hoal  hi;;hl  known  as  Ltimiiii  Piay,  oH  the  j,'reaf 
dfli.i  ol  the  l.iimmi  l.'mr.  I''idm  llie  mid  ehaiinel  eoinse  the  small  };i'""l><'l' Hn'  Malia  Islands 
Hes  wesi  s"iltliwe.st.dlsl,ilit  two  miles.  :iimI  Io  theea.-.t  iiorlli.a>l  lies  Pciiiit  Miuley,  distant  I  wo  miles. 
To  llie  westward  ot  the  Mai ia  (iioiiii  lie  ihe  Sneia  l.slands,  and  still  I'arlher  in  llie  same  direction 
He  llie  Patos  Islands. 

The  mill  ehannel  northern  entraiie.-s  to  the  K'osario  Sirait  and  the  Canal  de  Ilaro  aro  Just 
leii  miles  a|iait  on  a  west  l>y  south  and  east  liy  iiorlh  ecuirse. 

,;  TIh  .Vii'iii  IxIiukIk^  ('(Uisisi  of  one  island  a  mile  loiij;  east  and  west,  risin;j  to  a  liei;.'ht  of  niio 
fclindred  and  twenty  feel  and  a  third  of  a  mile  wide,  with  a  small  islet,  forty-live  feet  aliovo  tim 
gnlf  oil  llie  east  end  of  the  lai^e  i^lel.  'riii>  ;;ionp  has  alieail_\  lieeii  laenlioned.  A  liiiln  and 
•  hall  to  the  westward  of  I  hem  Ins  the  Siiciit  (hmip.  consist  in ;;  of  (ine  lai;;e  and  si\-  small  islands, 
with  a  leef  oil  Ihc  norlli  side  of  the  i;roiip.  and  a  licaiitifiil  harlmr  a  mile  loii;:  and  half  a  mile  wide, 
opening;  to  the  east,  and  earryinj,'  (lom  ten  to  lifleeii  fathoms  of  wati  r  over  slieUy  mnd  Imtlom.l 

The  MMithein  main  ridj;c  of  ."^inia    Island   is  two  Inindrcd  and  tweiits  feet  above  the  )J;nlf. 

The  hciulil  of  llie  norlhern  main  rid;;e  is  one  hundicd  and  si\ly  feet. 

There  is  a  reef  one-third  of  a  mile  olV  the  norlheast  face  ;  ii  is  hare  and  marked  by  kelp. 

I'll  the  westward  of  this  j^ronp  lies  /VrAiv  Islaml,  risinj;  to  a  lieij;lit  of  se\-enly  feet  iiliovo  tlio 
■water,  and  a  mncli  smaller  one  close  to  its  .-onthwest  piini.  The  eastern  jioiiit  of  Patos  Ishiiid 
bears  west  lhrec-(|iiarlcrs  south,  niiii   miles  from  the  norlli  ind  of  I.nninii  Island, 

'■  l.flMMI    I!.\V. 

Two  or  three  miles  norlli  norllieasi  of  l.iimmi  Island  opens  a  shoal  bay,  hnked  liy  low,  intii'shy 
ground,  w  Inch  is  co\  cred  w  il!i  trees  and  >wamp  niider^'inw  III.  Iiilo  it  em  pi  us  Ihc  several  months 
of  llie  I.nmiiil  KiM'i'.  Tlie  main  eiiiianec  of  that  stream  is  al  Ihc  noilli  part  if  the  liay,  and  can 
be  reached  with  lioals  only  al  lii;,'li  tide.  The  iioilliwi'si  lioiimlaiy  of  lln-  hay  is  a  low,  };ras.sy 
IHiiiil  with  a  few  Imslies  upon  it,  called  Sd.'tili/  I'aiiil.'  \'u)u\  the  north  jioint  of  I.ninnii  Island  it 
bears  norih  hy  west  half  west,  distant  two  and  a  ipiaitcr  miles.  I'.clweeii  these  two  points 
C- anchorage  may  lie  had  in  from  four  |o.si\  f.iihomsol'  w.iicr,  Inil  I  he  south  end  of  Sandy  Point 
rIioiiIiI  not  he  a|>proaclicil  within  less  than  half  a  mile.  Dow  n  Ihc  east  side  of  I.iimmi  Islanil, 
wincli  isahont  a  mile  in  hreadlh.  inns  Hale's  Passage,'  ihrce  ipiarleis  of  a  mile  wide.  It  leaiLs 
from  i;.lliii;;hani  I'.ay.  In  this  passa-e  one  and  a  half  miles. and  licarin,;,' east  liy  south  half  south 
from  the  iioitli  end  of  liiiniini  Island,  is  a  low.  sandy  point,  upon  which  was  estahlished  in  IS53 
a  secondary  astronomical  station  of  the  I'.  S.  Coast  Survey.     Its  jieoiiiaiihical  position  is: 

I.lltilll.to 1-       11       I'l    .-•    Iinllll. 

I,.illi;ilmle I.'-'       11        11    ■'    west 

Or,  III  linii' '•''  h'"     •'''■"• 

This  places  the  north  end  of  Liiinini  Island  in — 

l.alilihlr I-     II    ■''■"'   ■>'■  iinrlli. 

I.oii-itiiil.- l'..'>'   !■.''  W-!*  wi'st. 

■  N'.iincil  K\   ilii    I'liiti'il  Sl.-iti's  I'.xiili)iiiiji  K\|M'ililioii,  l-ll, 

ir.ill.il  ••  I:.Itiiiiii(I'm  (iMiiip"  liy  till'  I'nil.'tl  Stairs  rA|iliirini;  lApnlilioii.  1- It .  Tli.-  siiiiill  diic' on  tlic  t'.lst  is 
cMllril  rnllhi  Island  .Ml  tin'  l-'.iif;li.sli  Ailiiiir.illy  .liait  <.f  l-.V.l:  in  l-M  il  "^i-*  nainfil  .Malia  Ka.sl  liy  tliii  I'.  S.  Cnast 
.Siirvry. 

1  I'artially  cxaiiiiinil  by  tlie  K.  .S.   Cd.ist  .Survey  in  |s.-,;l  and  1S.'>.H, 


,,>'! 


I- 


!ti 


■♦     !   ?i 


r)70  PAciKic  (((Asr  i'ii,or. 

Tlio  following  p.»;riii|.|iiciil  |iii.Mti<iiis  111'  lotMtiiiMM  ill  liosiuiit  Sliait  will  scrsc  ii.  ,i,,rk  ||„ 
ooiirsi'N  ami  (li>laiii'rs  \\t>  liavc  j^ivi-ii: 
Miiti;t  Isiaiiil,  fast-- 

l"H"iiilr I-      II    :!;i     •,>  ii.Tlh 

Liillj-iliKli' {••■•      |;»    lie,   .s  «,,,!, 

Villi;p;t'  I'liiiit,  I.iiiiiHii  aiii'liorap- — 

•-I'liii'l'' 1-    i:;  m;i    •.' iiniiii 

•  •""iKii'i'l" i'.^.'    );;  iMi/.'«,>t 

ThcSoiilli  I'oiiit  of  HtiawlMTiy  Islaml — 

l-iililiuli' I-    :;:(   ;ir,  .;t  iHHil, 

I-"ii;;itiiilc !•.>•.'    II  III  .7  «.st 

The  Soiilliwot  Isliiiul,*  uir  \Vatiiiiiii);li  lli'ail  — 

I.iHilii'li- •»-     ','1    .V.   .7  iiiiilli 

l.<>M;;ililil.- !•.'■.•      I'l      l-J   .:i  i,,-i 

Kosaiio  Sliait  was  (irsi  socii  li.v  (Jiiimpfi'  rmm    I'mt    hiscDvcrv,  ami  i'ajlcil  "ISiiimI,   |  |,,  , 
l-'i'iilll    I'loli'i'lioli    l.>lan<l    lie  ciiiiM    .vt'C    liir<iii;;li    tlir  w  liolt-    li'ii;^|li    iiT   liic  si  tail  ;    lit' rniilil  ||,,{  .,, 
l>('('t'|itiiiM  I'a.ss  t'niiii  iJK-i'c,  allliiiii;;li  tills  lias  liciii  cirililcil  tn  liiiii. 

I'.li/a  pasM'tl  lliriiii;;li  it  in  IT'.)!,  ami  callt'tl  it  the  Canal  <lc  l'iilal;;i>. 

VaiicDiiMT  passi'i)  tliniii;^li  it  in  IT'JL',  ami  -iivt'-s  ils  iict'iijaiilics  viTV  well. 

(iall.imiaml  Valiliv.  imiiu' tliriiii;.'li  it  in  IT'.*-,  ami  callnl  it  Canal  <li-  l'iilal;:i>. 

'I'll!'  Ciiiliil   Statt's  l'.\|>l(>iiiii;  I'A|n'(liti"ii  siiivc\  cd  it    in    IStl   ami  calli'il    ii    i;in;;'^nl,r.  \\,.. 
Cliaiiiicl.     It  was  f\  iili'iitl.v  citiisiilrrcil  tlit*  main  slii|i  cliaiinrl  tlii'iiii;;li  \\'asliiii;;lnii  Siiiinii. 

TIk'  l'.ii;:lis|i  Admiralty  I'liaii  III'  1S|7  calliil  it   lEn.satii)  Strait,  ami  l>\  tlils  nainr  it  i- :iiv\.i\. 
kiiiiw  n  (III  tlir  Pacilii'. 

Appriiiiiliis  to  111  Jlhiijhiim  liny. —  All  i)f  \'riMlii\  i  ami  .lack  Islamis,  tin'  soiitlifasl  pail  til'  < Im  nu » 

Islaml,  ami  tlic   mutliwt'st  pait   of  S-.iiiii>li   Islaml    aif  nl'   im'taiiiinpliif   iikK,  with   ImM !.. 

slitiif  lines  ami  jriMHTally  witliiiiit  lifaflics.     Tlif  ifsi  tif  (incini's  ami  Saiiiisli   Islamis  lia\i  .i  ^ 

still  t'liM'it'il  w  itii  a  lU'iiM*  gi'tiw  til  4)1'  111'  ami  tliicK  iimlcrlinisli.     Ktmif  parts  lia\  f  lu't'ii  i'Ii.iim;  m 
the  .sfttliis. 

Tin  re  alt'  no  fii'sli  water  ^t^ealns  on  Saiiiisli,  N'«miiI(i\  i,  ami  .laik  Islamis,  ami  wvs  liitli'  u  ni  i 

nil  (  illl'llll'S. 

'I'lifif  is  JiiiM  uattT  artinml  .lai'k  ami  N't'iitlnvi  Islamis 

Tlnit'  is  a  siiii^'  littli'  liai'litir  on  tlif  iitntlieasl    pail  of  \'fmlti\i  Islaml,  wlnTf  nintli'iaii   -/.. 
v«'ssels  fan  amlior  ami  swin;.',  slitltcrt'd  titim  all  onlinaiv  wimls. 

BELLINGHAM    UAY 

Tins  bay  was  ftunuTly  one  of  tlio  iiiosf  rn<|ii('nt»>d  in  Wasliiii^rton  Soiiiitl.  It  lies  casi  ii  ; 
Wtisaiii)  Strait, ami  is  foriin'tl  l»y  deep  imlt'iitatiinis  in  tlif  main  .slioif,  and  alllioii^'li  lar;;i'  il  i-  1  r.,. 
liM'ki'tl  liy  tilt' islamis  lyiiin  on  llif  smitli  ami  vast  sitles.  'I'lif  <.'i'i!fial  (liitflitni  of  the  hay  i- 1  iii  > 
w«'«tami  sttntlioast,  ami  its  It'iintli,  ■.iiclutlin;;  tin'  Iwoatl  Hats  at  fitlitT  cml,  is  l.iiii  letii  mil. -.  r\ 
tending' friini  latitiitlf  •is-i;j.{' tt)  latitmlt' -J.ST  IT';  tlif  wiillli  a\fra^'fs  tour  miles.  'Hie  coal  hm,. - 
have  lieen  aliaiitloiietl,  and  now  tlie  .slinivs  and  liatk  eoiiiitis  Mipp!.\  iiiaii\  ol  ihe  mills  wiili  I". 
as  far  .south  as  Seattle.     Tlio  military  statitm  has  lieeii  aliamlomil  for  a  Ion-  time,     'rinre  ;!:•  - 

eral  towns  upon  tlif  northeastern  |iart  of  the   liay,  Heliin^iham.  St  li.niie.  \Miale ami   i 

the  latter  at  thfiiitiiith  of  one  of  the  lirai.fhes  of  the  river.     The  steam  linals  litun  llies.niiHl      , 
their  iv'.'iilar  trips  to  the  hay.     The  usual  rliatinel    is  froiii   the  .stintherii   pail  til    l.'osai  i.i  lir    ;. 
the  r.ellin;;hain  Channel,  which  jias.ses  between  tiif  mnlliwesl   pait  of  I'ltl.il-o  Isi.iml  ami  ( .  i.    • 
Islaml  on  the  east,  ami  Cyiiress  Island  ami  Sinclair  Islaml  tin  the  west.     The  tliait   is  li,.     • 
^niiile  for  the  iia\  i;;atiiiii  tif  the  ehannels  ami  bay. 

.lH./,or//(,-/.— rmlerlyint;  the  "jiotitl  sticky  botloin  "  there  is  a  stratum  of  samlstoiic  win.     ;  ;. 
vents  the  aiicht.r  from  takiiij:  liohl,  and  vessels  diiif,'  in  .soiitheastcr.s,  which  hl.iw  with  ;;reai 
lip  this  ba,\  ami  cause  a  very  ronjili  sea. 

WiUiam  I'nint,  \,  ,r  l.i(jUt.  —  \  lens  lantern  showiii};  a  .//..<'/   uhitr  liijht  is  snspemlctl   i: 
white  post  ten  feet   hi-h  ami  abont  thirty  live  feet  above  ihe  level  of  the  sea.      Il  is   placnl 

•  .s.,  ii.iiii.-.l  l.\   tlif  V.  .S.  C.ixst  Smv.n  In  l.-.'.l;  lallr.l  <  ..h.ll.-  l-l.ni.l  .n.  ll.r  IjihIi^M  .\.liiiii:ill>  .li^irt,  •.''■- 


Wi' 


w'rv.>  I..  ,i,,,K  ii„ 


:Rt  .•.'  IK. I  III 


m'  .'>   Ilnlll, 


Ifi    .:i   niHlh 
HI     .7    «inI, 


'<:>  .7  mil  III 
!•.>  ,:i  wi-i. 

It'll    "  I'XH'M   .1.     II,, 

ail  ;  lif  t'liiilii  i,,,i 


I    II    li'ili-;;(il.i'    r.i,. 

Ii;;l(i|i  Siiiiihi. 

IIS   liilllii'  it  I-  ;iiH,i\. 

Iit'ii.sl  purl  111  (.i,rii,< 
K,  Willi   liol.i 1,1 

Isilllllis  lillV  (■  ;l  ■_'iii.,| 
ll,l\  ('  lici'li  ell  .i:,  •: 

,  ami  viTv  litili-  "iiii 


V  Ill'I't'    lllllllcl    III'   M/i'ii 


I.       It  lies  (M.sl  i.t   !', 

i'ii;4li  \.[\'^i'  II  I-- 1  iii.i 
III  (if  till'  Imy  I-  iMirili 
s    riiiii'lft'ii    Ml 

llfS.         Till'   Cll.ll    iniiK  - 

il'  ilic  mill-  \\ nil  |iii;< 
lime.  'I'liiii'  111!  M'\- 
Ihili'iiiii,  iiiiil  I  iniiin, 
Irnlll  llic  siiiiMil  lii.il.i 
I    til     l.'oMUill  tl''      _ 

i>  IsIjikI  and  <  >  '  ' 
lit'  I'liait    is  tl 

siintlstinif  w  liH'l'  I'll' 
iltiw  Willi  j;if:ii  1  'II' 

is  siis|ii'iitlt'tl  I'li'ii!  I 
.      it  IS   phifril  .   jr. 

Iiiiii.ilt\  cli:!!!,  •.'!•- ' 


I'acikk;  (;oa»t  pilot. 

ifcf   iiisidt'  lilt'  cilKt' of  till'  liliitV  mill  iiliitiii  >..;(•  Iiiiiiilri'tj  ^anls  west  t'loni  liii'  iiiirtli  ciiil  of  tlii' 
|itiiiil.     If  wiis  llrst  sliiiwii  Maii'li  !.">,  is.S'.i. 

Siiiiiish  liirrr. — This  Ktifiiiii,  in  llif  sniitliiMst  aii^li' iif  i:i'lliii;>liaiii  I'.a.v,  ran  lif  asccnilcil  liy 
small  sti-ami'is  lor  a  IVw  iiiilt's,  wlifii  tin' inli-  is  lii;;||  fnitii'^li  I'm'  llif  m'ssi-I  Iti  fiilfi'  tlii<  iImt 
Till'  fiitrani'i'  to  tlif  I'haiiml  at  llif  I'll-v  id  thf  litli'  Hats  has  aliniit  tlin>i'  lift  of  watiT  at  Itiw  .iili-, 
with  siiirhil.v  ilfi'pi'r  wati-i  iiisiilr. 

('Iiiirl.tnnit  lliiij. — This  Ita.N  is  tlir  rfci'ssiiui  if  tin-  fastfiii  simit'  nf  lit'Iliii;,'ham  May,  itiiil  is 
iiv't'i'  two  mill's  jdii;;  iiiii'tli  Miii'lliwi'sl  ami  siiiilli  stiiitlit'ast.  Ii\  tmi'  milf  ili'i'p.  It  has  wi'll  iiiarki'il 
piiiiils  at  till-  imrlh  and  siiiitli  uiili  a  laij,'"'  isli'l  tliisi'  lo  thf  mn  I  lii-ast  til  Ihf  latti'f  point.  This 
Siiiitli  ri'iiil  lifs  miith  tilty-two  dfyit'fscast  (N.."(L.'  !•'.)  ihiff  mili-s  iVoin  Hit'  N'oilh  I'oiiit  of  Klizii 
Ni.iml.  Till' ^ii'.itfi'  pail  III  till-  shoif  lint- is  samlsinm',  ami  Ihflaml  lisfs  to  thiitft'ii  liiintlicil 
ti'fl  in  half  a  milf  iml  tlifii  iliops  sIiimt  two  hiimlii'd  I'i't't.  Tin-  siinif  is  of  {.niod  ipialits,  anil  is 
fxtfiisivfly  ipiariifd  lop  iHiildiuy;  piir|iost's,  Thf  tlip  is  si\ly  tit- i,'ift's  ami  I'ata's  towartis  tlio  west. 
Tlii'if  ai'f  trafi'siif  I'oal  hfif,  lint  of  poor  ipialit.N. 

Thfif  is  Kooil  aiiflioraH:f  ami  protfi'tion  In  thf  staiili  pari  of  Chiifkaniif  Hay,  Iml  tht^  nttrHi 
pail  of  thf  l)ay  is  shalinw, 

I'liirlnimi  I'liij  is I  thf  siiii;;;;fst   hailiiMs  on  all   tlii'Sf  watfis,  hfiii;;  »'X|iosi'il  only  to  tlio 

iioi'lh  winds,  win  'h.  Iiowi'mt,  >fliloiii  hiow. 

/'/(('  Slinr  It'ixh. — Thi-  ilanj;t'r  is  a  small  lftl;rf  alioiil  ftnly  yartls  loiiu:  and  lii's  in  a  iu)rtli- 
iiinllifast  ami  MUitli  soiilli wfsl  tliii'i'tion,  with  only  four  ffft  of  watfr  upon  it  at  thf  lowi-st 
litlfs.  Thf  li'il;,'f  lifs  tliri'f  hiindifd  ami  fiylity  yards  t>lf  shoff,  ami  Ihfif  is  a  I'haniifl  i-arryinf; 
IViMii  li\t'  to  six  liilhoms  insiilf  of  it.  It  is  not  in  thf  usual  trai-k  of  thf  stfanifis  riiniiinj,'  to  anil 
lidin  Whaffoiii  ami  Sfhoiiif,  Iml  lies  Ifss  than  two  hiimlri'tl  yartls  mntli  oiif  ipiartfr  wt-st  (N.  \ 
W.)  I'lom  thf  vfstfin  aii;;lf  ot  thf  lUll'nui'iiim  niiarf.  II  is  iifarly  in  raii^'f  with  Ihf  oiiti'r  f ml  of 
Ihf  oliM'oal  Wharf  (iif\l  iiortli>v.irii  i  ami  llif  foal  Itiinkfr  at  thf  hfatlof  llif  .Sfhoiiif  wharf. 

It  was  si  link  liy  thf  stfaiiifi  <ia>.  /•>'.  stnrr  Aiifiust  I'.'i,  ISSS,  wlifii  iiiakinjj  a  laniliiifj  at  the 
i;flliii;;liam  wharf  ami  mill. 

Tliisilaii,L;i'iiins  Iftli^f  i>  nn  rUfd  liy  a  lltini  vbiss  nun  hniii/  with  hhiih-  aiiil  ml  htirizontul  ntriii^s; 
and  thf  liiio\  is  placfil  as  marls  as  prai'l  ifalilc  on  thf  slioalfst  spot. 

From  thf  Imoy  thf  foilowiii;^  lifarinj^'s  aro  j;ivfii  to  lofatf  il: 

W'l'st    illll  111'    VMiri'llllll^l'  (111     Wlljirnlll    wll.'ll-r N,    J    !■;.  tj-      1111.,'H. 

.■^iilllll  Kliinlir  fillliK  III'  ni'llili;;ll.illl  HilWlliill Si;.  li\   .S.   i,  S.  \     mili'.s, 

'I'lii' iiiirllii':i-<l  aiiu'li' 111'  l''aiili;iMii  wliail'. S.  '.  !•'..  I    miloH. 

Tiiiit;iiil  111  I'uiiil  l'r;iin  is S\\  .  .;  \V.  I)     mi  Irs. 

It  lif.s  oni-  and  twi>  liftlis  inilfs  south  by  wfst   (S.  l»y  \V.)  from  Ihf  montii  of  Whateoiii  Creek. 

IiKI.I,INi;il.\M    1!AV. 

.S'r/ii)?Hfl  liii.s  now  less  than  oiif  Imiiilrfd  popnlation.     Tin- foal  mint's  wf if  opiTat 
years  a,;,'o. 

Wliiitciim'  Cnih. — This  -ticain   is    .he  oiiilft   of  Whatfoin   l.akf,   wliii'h   is  tlirt'i 
Sflioiiif  ami  thiff  hniidi'fd  and    tills  lift  alioM'  thf  sfa  IfVfl.     For  llif  last    milf  the  s 
throiiuh  iifaii.\  li'Vil  foiinlry  anil  has  lltilf  fiirifiit.     Af  thf  nioiilli  liif  if  is  a  iiiill  ilam, 
thf  I'lfi'k  tlowsovfr  lt'tl;;fsof  roi'ks  intotiif  hay,  forming;'  a  prt'tty  easfatlf.     Thf  \iili 
\aries;  in  the  late  sniniiifr  tlifif  is  not  fiioiiuli  to  run  thf  saw  mill  fontiiiiioiisly. 

Thf  Indian  iianif  of  thf  fii'fk  is  What' coiii. 
WiKitvDW. — This   phiff,  at   thf  iiioiitli   ot   thf  frt'ek.  was  sfttlfd   in    l.S,"i.'i.     Thf: 


•ti'tl  in    l.S,"!.),  an 


I    thf  town  sitf  laid   out  in  l>^.'il.     Tlif   population  is  alioiit  I'oni 


Ihfit'  is  now  an  fxtfiisivf  wharf  Imilt  out  intoilfrp  walfr. 

I'lirl  HcIUikjIkuii  was  hiiiil  in  lS.")li,  thrif  niilfs  in)rtli  of  Whatfoni.  It  was  foriiifily  a  stock- 
aih'tl  post,  lint  only  oiif  lilofk-hoiisf  is  now  slamliiiL;. 

The  .\i>()Lsiirlit  li'irir. — Tiiis  is  a  mountain  slifaiii.  W'lifii  thf  rivfr  is  full  stfaiiicrs  of  lij;lit 
tlraiitiht  asffinl  il  rfj,'nlarly  as  tar  as  Lynilfii,  a  disiant'i' ol  sixifcii  iniifs  Tlif  if  art'  broatl  shoals 
i>lV  thf  montli  of  the  stream,  and  a  small  boat  ean  not  j;fl  iiiio  tlif  riM-r  it  low  tiilf. 

laimini  N'illa^;f  is  on  Ihf  Imliaii  Island  at  the  iiioiitii  of  thf  Nooks;  flit.  It  is  an  Indian  set- 
tlement, and  saliiioii  lishiiif;'  is  the  prineipal  industry. 

I'oiiit  Fraiins,  Xi  ic  liiKii/. — A  nccoiulrhois  niiiihunii,  paintfd  ird  ai.il  iMinibereil  li,  has  been 
moored  in  live  fatliom.s  of  w.iter  close  to  the  end  of  the  spit  that  makes  oil'  from  the  iioint.     It  lies 


r:i 


m 


n 


,j^4 


;  ^. 


"tl^ 


t 


^!:<l|l   > 


572 


iwciiMP  (oAsr  I'li.oi-. 


al  till'  soiitiiiMst  ],.ii;  ol'  II;ili's  I'.issai:;)',  ami  hears  \w,st  by  sniitli  oiic  i|iiaitrr  soiilli  i  W    in  s.  '  s  1 

tivo'i^hllis  II''  a  mil"  tii>iii  tin' soiilliiTn  cn.l  ul'  tin-  |...inl.      Il  lies  mi  tin'  urstnii  i;\'j,.   ..fili,.  j,,,  i 

llil-c  1)1"  lltrif  to  iivc  lallioiiis,  wliirh  stivlcli.'s  linin   I'oimI   1"i  iimi's  I,.  l;ii/a  l.slaii.l.      ||  \(;is  csin  i  ' 
lishcil  Man  li.  ISSK 

I'oiiil  /V(;;i<(,v._riiis  is  pari  nf  tlic  I.iniiiin  Imiiaii  Ki'sci",  it iiiii.  I'li.-  '•  islaiiii  "  is  .  muhtIi 
witli  il.claml  iiiirlli  I'l'  it  al  lii-li  ualcr  w  inn  ilir  jmss.!-.' \\  a.\   isiiiiy  li\  r  \  anls  w  iilc. 

Tin'  liidiaii  na ul    llns  islinul  is  Sl,nl  Ink  -ion. 

l-'h:!  Isliiiiil. — Tliis  isroiKy  at  llif  iioitli  poliii  aii'l  aroiiinl  ilii>  soiilli  iinl.  Tin' irsf  is  iii.iin 
day  and  j:;iavr'      TIuto  is  no  IVrsli  wal.i  on  tlu'  i^l.iihi. 

'riicfi>  is  a  -.'icir?  DiV  tin'  iioi  lii  I'lid  oi    ilii>   is!;inil  |o  ihc  «r-i  w  .n-.j. 

Tlirrc  is  a  ;/i>'ii/ //('(7imc  and  aiicliorai;!' on  llic  .-.oli  liw'.i  side  oi  tin'  island  diri' in  li,  i.  i 
\Mfll  lniidd\    holtoni  ,i\ii\  a  slei'p  sliniilr  liear  li. 

Siiiihiii   /.'./. /.,      A    Mii-le    how  ld(.-  Willi  ri:,'lil   I',, 'I  ol'   w  alef  o\  t-f  II     ii.is    hirn    .|isco\  ii,',|    ,1,,, 
midway  hi'iwi'i-n  i'oiiit  I'lain'.'s  and  i.li/a  island.     This  im  k  Ihmis  noriliufsi  \<\  nmilM' 
north  (N\\".  liy  N.  ',    N.)  iroin   the  iioitli  nid  of  I'Ji/.a    Isl.md,  and   soiilliwi'sf   1>\   wisi  ..i 
west  (S\V.  hs    W.   1   \V.)  Il Clnhkaniil    l.'ock. 

Siiiikiii  111,1.  — riicii'  is  a  llini-  raliioin  io(l»  in  mid  rli;iiiiiil  lirlwcrii  liir  soiitli  [lomi  ,  ; 
Island  and  tin-  soiilli  point  of  l'",li/,i  Island. 

.\  .s7/.i'(/  sjhit  a'ooiit  li  111  Til  \  .11,1s  Ion  4  h.is  Ilmmi  foand  llirci'  Inindri'd  and  I  went  y  i'i;;lil  \,i:.!, 
llll/a   Island.  Wllii  a   Irasl   dcplll  of  li\.'  \\-r\  of  w.tliTm.i    il.       Tlirli'  is  ,|  drptll   III    lilli'i'il  liill.i 
(iiil.sid*' of  it  ami  rroni  somii   to  niiii'   f.illioins  inside  of  ii.      from  this  slio.d  spoi   i  In' diiid  ini  ( 
llic  «'\t!(Min'  west  point  of  I'li/a  Island   hcais   soiii  IhmsI    \,\  .sdinli    oni' ijiiai  In  smiiji  |.s;|'..  i.^  > 
{s;,  ami  t'lc  soiitli  point  of  lainimi  Island  hi-ars  soiilh  h.   wi-r   (^.S.  h\   \\'.i. 

Iifllin;;liaiii    I'.ay  w  as  i!isio\  i  rid   h\    l",li/..i  in  IT'.'I  and  n.iinrd    lialiia  dr  ('lastoii.      |i  w  i- 
snrvi'Ni'd   liy   \\'liidhi>\   iindiT   \',iiiroiivi'i"s  onli  r  in  17'.'-'.  and  tlirn  ii'ii-l\  rd  its  pirsrnl  n  :. 
tlii'  old    .Vdii'.iialiy  cliarts  tin'   iippi'i'   part   was  named  (iaston    J'.a\,  Iml   llicy  now   n.i  > 
r.idlinuliaiii  P.a\. 

lii'I'oit'  passim,'  to  lilt'  dr.scriiilioii  of  .\i  I  mi  I  ally  Iidi't,  we  may  slate  that  i  lie  amon;ii  m  ~; . ; 
line  ill  I'll'  \Vasliiii;,'ton  .sound,  l!eiliii::liam  l'<.\\ ,  Possession  Sonnd,  ile.,  is  si\  liiindicd  iind  H'  .  i  • 
se\  en  II  lies.       I  >urin^  SIN  MllllllH  I'  siMsiiiis  tli.ll  \w  Will  ked   !M  llie  St  I  ail  ol    I'lliM.  W'a.'.jiiiiul.  ■     - 

and  Ad  mil  .lily  Inlet  we  ne\  er  Ilea  id  lliiiiider  e\eepi  in  one  insi.iiiee.  al  <  '.\  press  Islam,  in  1.^  -,r 
Si  rail  (1S.VI). 

THIC  CANAI.   in-:   IIAKO  AND   KOSAK,0  STKAIT. 

<i>Mr\i;isuN  i.|-   Tin;  en  \nm.i  :■.. 

NVitli  )ileiity  of  wind  Uo  iiavi;;alioii  eon  Id  he  h.ilei  ilian  that  in  lliese  eliai Is;   Inn  i  i 

sailili;;  Vessels   will    fi.ipienlls   he    |ammed   close   |o  the   loeks,  with   only  a   lew   lallioliis  ■ 
iii.side  of  tin  11    posiijons,  hui  l.a;\   or  tifly  on  the  ontsidi  ,  and  hoilinu,  sw  iriii,;:  enneiitsi'    -i 
del    tiiwinn  with  do, lis  llllell\    llilpossil'.le.       I'l  iiplelil  ly ,  loo,  ho. its    |m\e    heeli    lieails    sm.,  : 
llie  riinerit  rips  that  exist  thioiii;h  them.      <  >ll   east  point  ol    .S.ninn.i  l.sl.ind,  as  an  iiisi.ii.  , 
o.ircil  whali' ho.it   entirely   l.iiled  lo  hold  her  own  a^aiiisl  the  iiii  leiil,  '.hleli  we   pid-ed  lo  I,,   / 
i-ij  (the  only  term  appliealile:  at  the  rale  of  sev  en  miles  per  hour.       I'll  onjjioiit  the  ( 'anal  li,    il 
the  I'lai  of  the  eoiillietin;^'  eiiriiiits  e.iii  h  •  lie.nd    for  miles,  and  the  ii  .: -I   euirelit    inns  li,  ■ 
six  miles  per  hour.     .No  aiielior.i;;es  evjsi    in    ihis  ehaiiml  exeept  al  < 'oriiioi  aiil    r>a>  and 
Chaii'iel.  on  the  uorl  li   side  of  Sidliex    Ishmd.     There   are   several    known    hidden  dan-i  i 
riiaiuiel:    Kiip   /o'/'.  sitn;!i«M-       .1    l>.ir(\    |s|,im!:   I  nil    /,'er/.,  iieani'   lo    l>.ii(\   Isl.iid,  :om! 
I,''»l..  north  of  (oioeh   M.Mid.       Hie  eli.innel    lll.lkes  a  Il;,:li!  an;;le  III  Its  eolllse,  lint  is  a  lli.i 
ami  lias  'iimh    leeper  water  than  Kosario  Strait,  wliieh  is  less  eiirved,  and  lia.s  seNeial  :  \'^ 
•;iii|  know  II  d.niv'erons  roeks    with   a  eiiireiit   of  .ihoul    one  and   a    halt'  miles  less  pi  i    l,,- 
steamers  I'iilier  ehaiinel,  or  e\eii   some  of  the   n.irrow   inleimedia    '   eli.iiimls,  may  heii-i         i 
wi'   '.:  are  apt  lo  fail  in  Itoth  ehannels,  ami  diiriiiL.'  summer  fieipi  'iit  e;ilins  prevail, 

Sleaimrs  lioiind  lliion„'h  llie  (liilf  of  rMoi-,o:(  from  the  Str.iil  of  I'lie.i  take  the  Canal  .1      i 
to  the  eMianee  ol   Sw.nison  I'liamiel,  alireas,  the  west  elidol'Stnail   Island,  lhioii;;li  tli.ii  ' 
tothe.\(tive   I'ass.aml   thenee  to  the   I'ra-iir    l.'iver  ami    I  lie  ( I  nlf  of  Cieor-ii,  thus  a\iii.i 
eiliuiils  ol    the    nolllieiii  p.iil  of  the  Caiull  lU'  II. uo  helweell  S.iliiriM  and  Talus  Islands. 


^^■^mmuii^Bv 


WllMll  UttlVrtJUtH*  "K*^  * 


IW«t»»w»-«w*w»* 


f<M'   Sdllill  (\V.  In   S.   I  f, 
n'sl.MII   r.li;,.„r  ,1„.|',„_ 

a  l.slaint.      Ii  \t;is  ,..<|,,i|^ 

'     '■  i-^lailll  "    is  i:   I,, I,,,,,,, I 

\aiils  w  i,|,., 
'■'"'•     ''■Ii'''<'-trsiii.ui,; 


ilaml  (li'd.  Ill  li,,    I, ,  I , 

I'lTll    ili^cciM  |r,i     ,,„,j,. 

""    ''>    lli'l  III  I. Ill-  Mi|:|il,.- 
'St     |i\     V  ,.-  I    ,, 

'  soiilli  pmiii  ,  : 

1   lUclllN    •■i.l^lll    \.|i,j, 

•■pill   III'    lillcrn      , 

I    XV><\    till'  .ll-,|,i   l!,,,„. 

ttU-i  sniiih  ,s|':.  In  s   ; 


''     <i:ls||ill.  Il     u.l.-    III.; 

I  lis  IMCsciil   imiiif     Jh 
llii'\    now    II 


'  W 


II  iiii'  aiiiiiii;',  ■'' 
i\  lilllHlrcd  iiim!  '  1, 
•  M.  Wasliiiimn;   ^ 

iUCSS    J.sllIlK,     I;;     I, 


laiiiirls;  lull  III 
U'W  hit  lidiii.s  .i 
iiiu'  (•iiirt'iilN  i '    ■ 

■II    IICill'l\    NU;i;;  ii 

,  as  ill)  iii.staihi  ,  i 

we  .|ll(l,;;i'i|   |i,  !,     , 

i>iil  (ln>  Caiiai  li. 
I  li'lil  luiis  In  ■ 
ant    \\;i\  ,111(1 

iililfll    ^l,lll^(  I 
:\   Islaia!.  ;r,,,! 

I'.  Imt    IS  ;|    III 

AH  .sc\  I'lal ;  III 

■*    Il'N.s    |it  r    lull: . 
Is,  Illil.V    111'  H-i  ' 

•I'vail. 

Ki'  I  lie  ( 'aiMl  'i      1 
liili)ll;;h  ill, I'  ■ 
;ia,  lliiis  lani'l 

lldS    iNhlllljs. 


li 


ffi>»»AlSI^*^«': 


Liunmi  Island   Sonlliw.  m  part.  K.  U\  S,  i  S.,  1(.  iiii!,».  Matia  NUiul,  KSK 

A|i|iri)»oli  tuNorlli  Kiitraiiri   UoKanci  Strait  fnmi  \\ WV. 


Aiipiciai-li  ti]  Ni.rih  Ki:t  raiict- (anal  ili-  Uai.i  Inm,   Mdrn  i<aak,8 

>-i. ipjaik  iHlatiil, 


^XKMv^%:M^m>'m^.m>>ih>:i.-^  ■-::,^:^^:^r^  -;  viyrp->  y^>^/v.^.. 


»k!>. 


>>. 


I'aluh  l«lairil   .i\\  .  }  W  .iiiuilo 


Ka»t  I'oiiit  I.ikIiI  li..iii..-,  su    ii\  \\    i  W     ;itiiil«' 


I'll  lilt 


a 


4i>»»AiS^fm«:;. 


...,. , ,_ ■■'•^)'/jT2 


',mj;?^^^i)i*-Mm^mk^m^J^^^^^ 


Matia  NUiid,  KSK  .fij  unlps. 
inci  Striiit  fruni  W  \\V. 


Siiciii  InIuiiiI 


^a^    .. 


^j'X.'Cil 


una)  di    Uai.j  Inm,   Md.n  lUiik,  SW.  I.y  S     4  mil.s.  1  nni  I'ohit  SW     ITJ  imIIch 

!-i. i|'j'«i''^  iHlatiil.'.H  iiiili'H.  Stimrt  Inland. 


Mdri'stiy  Ulan. I.  ■■in  niilfn. 

r.lulfl    UlHIicl.lf,   ||,Jl,.H. 

I'hIiin  l«laii(l. 

SW,  jw.r.  iiiiiih 


^l£Sm^-m:t 


«tti. 


yr  .,,.      .  'V-!.-f'^.4't»JU^.-   ^tJi^issL-^—  - 


.  t  \S     ',*  mil«^ 


I'tiinlx.  iHlftdd,  .SW,  \i\  W    \  W    '»fi,il.«H 


i   -i 

If     5'« 


t  X\:: 


m¥'-'  4 


•I    •,.  i: 


n 


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TlIK  GULl-    0|-  GKORGIA.' 

Once  ill  llif  (}iiir  ol' (;<Mir;,'M,  iliiiHi^ili  t'lllifi  llif  rmial  tl<-  lliKi  nr  (lie  liosariii  Slniil,  tin- 
iliiiT  null'  lari' iiiiil  lln-  liirt'si  ihmu'iI  rlills  ami  liliills  nl  I'niiii  Kuliriis'  i^liowin;;  aliiiosi  as  an 
island)  an- si'i'ii  ill  (III-  iiiiitlivM'.sl.  (Mi  lln-wcsl  llic  iniiniitaiiis  ol  \  anciinvcr  ami  its  Itonlciin;; 
i-i.inils  rise  ii|i  |iivri|iiiiMi<,l\.  anil  mi  llu-  i-a.^icni  or  main  sImhc  a  -miics  ol  wooili-il  rlills  two  linn 
iIumI  Iri'l  lii;;li.  I'ar  l<i  tlif  cast  ward  I  he  (^im.mIi'  llaiiyi-  i.s  .st'cii  ii>in;;  aliuvr  inlrnm-iliati^  iiionnt 
nils  Willi  llic  smiw  roM'ii'il  Miijiiiiil  III  .Miiaiil  riakci.J  wliicli  iimis  lis  IkmiI  tni  tliiiiisaml  si-vcii 
1 1 II  IK  1 1  I'll  li'fl  alioM'  llic  Ii'mI  III'  I  III'  MM.  I'll  ihr  \M'slniir||i\vi'>t  >ln'lili  I  In-  waliTS  iif  tin-  (illH'  iil 
I  Kill;;!. I.  Iillir  nlll^•■^  wiili'  aliri'.isl  iiT  I'miil  Itiiliriis,  \\  Ihti'  i|  is  imiihwi'sI,  lint  s|)ii'a(liiiji  mil  tii 
I  HiiilN  milr>,  ami  lia\  iny  a  li'ii;;lli  nl  niii-  'aiiiijn'd  and  |\M'iiI.\,  A  >lim  I  dislaiiri'  aluiM!  ilic  Im  ly- 
iiiiiili  |iarallri  il  itci'IM's  tin-  l'"ias(i  K'ivit  (ihi'  lliinl  uiral  .slri'iiin  nl  llu'  mntliwi'sl  loasl),  dm 
:ri  I  HI  I  a  Ill's  of  w  lihli  i  isr  in  llu-  llaiiks  iil    I  In-  Casitadr  raii;:i'  nl   inmililains. 

iriiiiiiml  M|i  till'  (iiill'iil  (ii'm'i;ia,  sailiii;;  M'ssrls  jiold  vm'II  In  iln-  casifin  sliiiii;  lo  avniii  llii> 
nisiiin;;  nirii'iils  anil  in  \nkr  llii'  rlianci's  nl'aii  aiirlinra^'i-  il'lln-  wind  lads. 

Tilt'  riiri'i'iits  in'llir  (inll  iir«;iMir;:ia  smiiliwanl  nl'iliv  paialirl  nl'  {''lasiT  ItiviT  ari;  vrrv  simnj; 
.iiid  roll  II  let  in;;,  ami  llii'  rips  an-  ilan;;i'i'mis  in  small  I  ma  Is.  Willi  a<i  advi'isc  w  iml  I  In-  slinrt,  sliai'|i 
waM's  nl  till' t'lillrlit  lips  ail' <l.ii:;;riiiiis  In  ihc  smaller  ,iiid  li:;lili>  ImiiIi  M'n^i'Is  mi  llicsi-  wains. 
I  111' wnrst  cniri'iil  rips  an:  pinlialii.v  in  llu- sp.iee  ln-hvi'i-ii  I'miil  Unlicrts  and  Hid  iioilli  i'litraiiui! 
Ill  till'  Canal  dc  llarn. 

ALDKN    HANK. 

Iliiti'iiii;;  till'  ;:iill  rinin  tin'  knsiiin  Siiaii  llirii'  is  iml  niic  kiinwii  daii;;rr  in  tlii'ilci'ii  watiTs, 
;iiid  tlial  IS  nil  llic  c\tciisi\c  sjioal  I.N  ill;;  nii  llic  line  liciwccn  l.umnii  l>liiid  and  li'nlicils  r>liilV. 
Iii>idc  III'  the  ten  tallimn  "ill  \  c  llic  lcii;^lli  iiT  this  li.iiik  is  tlncc  and  niic  liltli  iriilcs,  and  llic  ;:ciici,d 
diicciinii  IS  iHii'i  liw  ol  and  sniillir.ist :  I  lie  a\  I'l  .ii;c  w  lilt  |i  is  line  aiid  a  ipiaili'i'  mile-.,  Imi  a  nc.sm'I 
will  mil  pick  II  lip  unless  In  l'aii;:es.  Tlic  M,.,|,i|-d  depth  nf  the  hank  is  Ihree  in  i'i;^lil  ralliiiins, 
I  III  a  iliiiii/i  runs  sjint  lia^  liccii  rmiiid  with  nnl,\  I'liiii  teen  led  iiT  w  aler  ii|>nn  il.  On  t  lie  sunt  hw  est  miIc, 
in\>aid>  ilie  Snei.i  and  ! '.iins  ;;iniips,  the  depth  imreax's  i.ipnllv  In  si\ly  I'alhnm.- ;  iin  the  iiiner 
side  Inwards  the  main  shine  the  depth  dinps  ipin  kly  rinm  :eii  Inihiilv  l'atlinm>.  The  pas>M;:c 
lii'lweeii  the  hank  and  llic  Siieia  Islands  is  twn  iiiiles  wide,  and  the  ea--lw  ml  channel  is  Ihice  and 
I  II  ill  iiiiles  w  ide.  The  linll'iiii  mi  the  liaiik  Is,  III  ;;cncral,  sandy,  u  nil  >aiall  palches  thai  are  imky, 
iipnii  winch  kelp  is  ;:inwiii;^,  Iml  II  IS  lint  icidiiy  made  mil,  as  we  lia\  e  sailed  in  er  il  withniil 
^eriii;;  any  kelp.  Ilai  iin-  i  he  il.iii-ii,  w  huh  is  now  mai  kid  liy  a  liiin\ .  ihis  li;ink  is  a  ;:niid  .iiiehni . 
i;:e  Inr  sailili;;  M'NscIs  thai  .ire  liniiml  In  the  iini  thwest  w  aid  and  li.ne  liccnii:)'  lieealnicd  wllli 
adM'isc  ciiircnts.  ('.iic  must  lie  i.ikcii  when  a  \cssel  isamlmied  hcie,  lieeanse  the  sw  ills  and 
iijilie.s  111'  the  cinieiis  anniii'l  .iml  mer  it  will  he  \ciy  apl  in  Inul  the  anehni.  Sailin;;  xcsm'Is 
linm  li'nsai  III  St  I'.iit  liniind  mil  llnM'st  w  .I'd  shniihl  keep  lietueeii  llic  lialik  and  llic  cas'ern  slime, 
the  mnie  especially  as  aiichni  .i;;e  may  li.'  Ii.id  iindei  llieshme  when  the  w  imis  tail  and  the  cnirciit 
isclili.  A  '.csscl  may  anchm-  nn  the  li.ink  in  ci::hi  tn  si\  I. ithnMis  nl' w. iter  w  lion  the  west  end  nf 
I'al'is  IslamI  IS  mi  with.l.iv.i  Mead  mi  the  snlllllca^t  p. ill  nl.S:itnina  Islaiid  mi  a  cnliisc  sniltliwcst 
hair  west,  and  Mmiiit  ( 'niisl  itntimi  i--  n\cr  llic  casii'iii  pail  nl'.Malia  |s|,ind.  When  the  Ininy  is 
ii'Hiid.  a  Vessel  may  anehnr  In  the  mniliwcsl  nl' il  I'm' two  miles.  In  the  nmlliwcslern  eil;:c  nl'lhc 
ii'ii  latlinm  line.  Theic  will  he  |e>s  swirling  III  cnireiits  lieic  than  nn  the  tail  nf  the  liank,  which 
I II  IIS  line  Hide  .smith  rrmn  the  Ini.iy  in  a  n.iiinw  pninl,  and  then  drnps  nil  \ei  y  smhlciily  in  In  deep 
"alcr. 


N.I I  li>  Vaiiriiiivrr  ill  IT'.f,';  at i.'iiin  In  lin  eliails  tlir  liiill' nl' (trmuia    iiirhiilrs  \V,is|iiri;;liiii  Simml  anil 

I'll    V.  iliis  .il'llii-  SI  rait  nf  fuel  iMsl  nl'  Ni-.s    I  l.:l|;;.■l|.•M^.       rill'  iiiiiiir  It  iM'rt  .iji|'ln<l  In  III"  Ki'''l  '""!>  "'  wiilir  Imii;^ 
I'.lwiiii  \aiirninii  Nliiiil  mill  llir  main  l.iinl,  .iinl  nnrllnvisl  nl    \V.|.<liiiii;lnii  Snniiil 

'  Vaiiiiil  li.\  llie  I'nil.'a  Slale»  IajiIniiii-  l'.\|inlil  inn.  I'll       TIk'  IimIiih  liaiiir  i^.  Nn«   iiK-s,.!!. 

;  Nniiiil  liy  VaiirnimT.  IT'.i-.',  In  Ajnl,  l-i;.'i,  Ilii'  »liai|i  |"iil(  ».is  ii'pnii.il  In  liavr  miiiL  nn.'  llimiKainl  ni  lil'iiiii 
liiinilii'il  li'i'l  alli'i  a  Mnlriii  i'rii|ii  inn  :  Iml  in  l-i)?  \visa«  iin  ilialiii'-  I'l""'  iIm  ajijiialaini'  lirlwun  l-.i.'.  ami  \<u,  ami 
I  .  I-TO  our  iiliHiaAullniis  rnrili'lirmiiiinn  llir  ili'valmn  slinwiil  ilial  im  apiiriiialik'  ilianni'  li.nl  lakrii  |il.ir>'.  In  l-.il. 
nil.  Il  nlisnuiiiu  ii|.nii  llie  iiiniililaiii  liniii  Olisl  riirliiiii  Nl.iinl,  »r  miiw  iI  mhIiIiiiI.V  liliak  mil  ililn  .1  s|:i|,.  nl  1  I'lipl  mil. 
111.  v.iiiiimHiil'siiinki'aii'l  ar.|ii's  risliin  Ivvii  llinilHaiiil  11  'I  aliine  Iln'  nilliliiiil  iil'lln'  .liniiiil.iiii.  Tlir  m\l  il  i>  llu  ailiv 
i'\  hail  .iii|)airiillv  iiasnl.  Imt  llm  Inji  nl'  tin-  Miniiiilai  1  wui  il.iimli  il  •>(  iimw,  ni  il  v\a..  rim  n  il  «  illi  .islii's.  In  l"70 
"!•  '•iiw  it  ill  ai'tnil.v.  Ilii'  vnliimi  nf  siimkr  ami  ailii's  r|..iiiu  aim"  I  iimii  liiimln  •!  I'l'il  almM'  I  In'  ir.iln. 


I 

111 


■     ' 


r>74 


I'ACIKIC   COAST    J'll.uT. 


nrov  ON   AI.DEN  HANK. 

To  mark  flio  shoitloxt  «i>ot  on  (liis  Icnik  .i  s,,oii,l  rhiss  run  huoi/  with  nd  nml  UUul  '   . 
*/»i>(.-ili;i.s  lu'iii  |il,ir<'il  III  tliri'f  ami  a  half  fallioms  ot«altr.     It  laii  In-  pass.'.l  on  citlin 
Hiviii;;  It  a  koimI  IhmIIi.     Tin-  slioalt-sl  \vat»'r  tioar  it  i>i  lomtcfii  led  at  llic  lowcsi  ij.i.  s. 

Tlic  |>o-iluiii  ot  tlif  liiiiiy  is  liMMtfil  liy  the  Idllitwiiij;  Itciiiiims  anil  <listaiic«'s  :  S;iii.;i 
loniiiiiK  tin- imilliwcst  siilc  of  laiiiiiiii  Ita.v.  is  imrtli  .scvciiIn  scm'ii  (Ic;;i(t.s  ra>l  (N.  77  i: 
lour  ami  oiif  hall'  iiiiK's;  aiiil  I'oiiit  Wliitfliorn,  sniitli  siihi  IMirli  ISav.  is  ii.uili  tuch ,  , 
wt'st  (N.  IJ  W.I.  distant  live  ami  tlircr  I'niiiths  miles.  I'loin  tlic  slioalcs' spot  ilici.iuj, 
iMtitliwcst  l.tiiKciit  ol  llu>  Smia  on  with  the  cast  taiijrciit  orSUiiijack  Islaml  is  soiiili  roii\  , 
yiff.s  Wfst  (.S.  IP  W.i;  tlif  roiMHT  IS  ilistani  lour  ami  a  loiirtli  ami  tin- lattrr  niiii' an.l 
iiiilcs;  Mini  tlii'iToss  raiiK'' is  Mount  ( 'oiistitiitioii.  .siiovviii':  lict  ween  tlic  casH'iu  islcl  ol  iIm 
;;ionp  ami  tlif  i.ir;;«"r  om- lu'arin^  south  twciit.x  4|c;:rccs  cast  (S. 'Jli  I',.),  tin' isirt  tlisiani  iln 
a  tiiiirtii  ami  thr  iiioiintaiii  srxoii  ami  a  halt' iiiih's. 

This  ^llon•  wa.s  ilisfovt-tvil  ami  iiainctl  by  tiif  l'.  S.  Coa.st  Sinvi'v  .sti'aiiicr  Avlirv  iii  I> 


■   -.ii<lU\l 

IM.l     ., 

I'iillil. 

•h-li:,; 

l..:i.-,.^ 

■  "1  !llr 

.',.•  ,1,.. 

.1  :li:ii| 

•  M.iii., 

IT    .llllj 

SANDV    I'dlNT. 

This  has  aln-ady  Ix-cii  id'crifil  to.  It  is  a  low,  naiiow,  saml  ii(l;r('  lioitlcriii;;  ilu  i,iili  ,i| 
(■(■iir^ia;  it  is  one  mile  I'liiji.  .strctrhrs  tosvanls  the  soiuh  soiillii'.ist,  .iml  is  roxcicil  wn  u  c  u.iiv 
};rass  ami  a  Itw  low  liiishfs.  On  the  inside  towaids  the  iiioiitli  of  the  laimini  J!i\ei  ii  i^  l».i 
di'icd  with  marsh.  The  evtieine  end  is  iii:irked  liy  linwldeis.  Inside  ol  it  the  hro.iij  Liiinini 
r>a\,  tiiiee  and  one  half  miles  wide  to  the  southeast,  is  veiv  shoal,  and  its  eastern  part  is  |i!!im|  »i;|i 
iiiarshy  l.iiid.  Outside  of  the  point  the  three  l.ilhoin  line  extends  nearly  one  third  ol  ;i  nnlr,  .hmI 
Ihe  ten  tathoiii  line  is  one  h.ilf  mile  from  the  lieacli.  W'e  lia\e  aiiehored  in  .Ne\eii  aini  t\,\\\ 
fathoms  three  loiirtlis  of  a  mile  .soiithea.st  from  the  point,  hut  it  is  an  iim'oinfoitalile  pl.ne  wiiii.i 
•ituithwest  wimi  and  swell. 

The  geo^rajiliieal  position  of  the  point  is: 

l.:ititiiilo t-     47     t:l   .11  11"! III. 

l.iMiyilmli' I-.",'     I-,'    J'.t   .■.'«<  ^1 

It  lies  two  and  a  half  miles   north  si.xteeii  dej^rees  west  (N.  Id  '  \V.)  from  I'oiiit   .^IlJll•>,  th. 
northern  e\treiiiit\  of  l.iimmi  Island. 

The  liuliaii  ii.initi  uf  this  point  i.s  Sly  ak'  .son. 


ill  tj 


roiNT  wiiiTEnniiN. 

From  Sandy  Point  to  Point  Whitehoin  thedistai issi'ven  ami  a  third  miles,  and  iIk' In  uin;^ 

is  iiorih  lifty-oiie  dej,'rees  west  (N.  .M  '  NV.i,  Init  iiiidNvay  there  isa  ilee|>  reee.ssion  ol  the  >hi«ir  I' n' 
to  the  northeast  one  und  ii  halt  miles.  There  is  a  .shoit  line  of  low  shore  in  the  nortlieriinin-i  |.iii 
of  this  ltij:lit,  ami  one  mile  westward  of  this  is  the  sli;;htlv  project  in;:  elilV  named  ('lunii  I'^i'ii. 
utf  which  the  thrcct'alliom  curve  is  only  two  hundred  and  til'l\  yards  distant,  with  ilepih'.  oi 
twenty  fathoms  within  half  a  mile.  Kicim  ('hcr:y  Point  to  Point  Whitehorn  there  ne  n.in.iu 
patches  of  kelp  lyiii;:  oiilsiile  ami  inside  the  three- fathom  eur\e. 

C'oiiimeiiciii;;  almnl    two  miles  northwj'st  ol   S.imly  Point  tlieshon'  isa  steep  liIiilV.  .iIhui;  ..:i 

hundred  and  lift.\   feet  hl;.di,  ami  coveiiil  wilh  w I.      ,\t  Whitelioili  the  lace  ol   the  poiiil  i>  nrnti 

awa\  liN  the  action  of  the  sea,  and  the  <litVs  show  liri;;lit  with  rocks  at  the  lta.se.  Tin'  li.  .i^M  >•! 
tlieclin>at  this  point  is  one   hiimlred   feet. 

There  is  asniikeii  rock  just  outside  the  low  water  line,  and  strannlin^' kelp  siii  loiiti.i .  i'n 
point.  Theie  is  a  depth  of  three  fathoms  w  ithin  a  loiirth  ot  a  mile  of  the  liase  ot  the  i  lill>.  1  imii 
it  the  west  end  of  Patos  Island  heats  south  twenty  live  ile;:recs  west  (S.  L'."» '  W.),  di^iin!  n  H' 
and  a  half  miles;  and  Point  Mi;;li\v,  the  norlh  po'iit  of  Liimmi  Island,  is  soiilh  loriy  loin  .!■  ,iv.« 
east  (S.  41^  I'^.J,  liulanl  uinc  and  a  third  uiiles.  Wo  exi»cnenct'd  an  eurthtiuake  at  this  pe.ni  in 
1857. 


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is  lill.-ij  (Mill 
U  liiilr.  .iimI 
II   aip!  ■  ..'. 
|il,ui-  u  ,;;r 


li. 
I. 

MulrN.ll 


llirtti  rmiit. 
Hircli  n».v  t' 


1  lllr  U.  ..lili^' 
he  ^holf  llUf 
IM'lllliost  |i,ut 
"/„;•."  /'■■..'- 
Ill  .  '  . 
('  ;llt'  lullliiii 

IV,  aliiill!  "Ill 
xiiiil  i>  "iirii 

I'll.'  II.  I^llt  "I 

liriniri'i  .  i'  ■ 

rlllt.-.    I  I 

illslaii!    II  II. 

■  Iiiili'  .|i  _lii^ 

|lll>   IM'.llI   111 


■^Jl^- 


HirchBay  (inllof  Ueorn.a. 

Poml  Wliilehorn,  K 


m 


« 


t 


I. 


•^fec*--.!^^^ 


lillH     ll   lil'lllgl.t. 

I'oii.t  \MiH.-li..rii,  N\V    I  W  .•^li.iilcn 


llin  li  I'miit.        (itilf  uf  UporRui.         roiiit  Wliitfbcirii. 
Kiii'li  I'a.v  (N    I  mil>-v  NWIij  N     4  iiiili'x 


Hirrh  Buy  (inlf  "f  Ucmttia 

INiLiit  WliilxliDrn,  K    i  inili'. 


rr 


>  ..i>* 


(1 


5:f  ' 

i')  in; 


rniini  I 


hi  ' 


ft* 


I. 


h 


'r:^' 


^^.■^:^^^*.^':Bmi^^2f^^imr*^ 


f'«l.».  II.  ilir  .li.unre  s„.  u  l.liina..  W.  hy  N.  ^  v    ,,,  ,„,,g. 


*v .  y  ■  |,-'}"<U|'™ 


^•-|dfi"5»!,. 


iK2^^^'i^vvat?>»^^ 


A|.|.ro«,.|i«.t«N..r;liKi,tMi„-..  (•„„« 


^c^^^^^  '^^-^^i^^^^^-^^itLas^^^^^sf^^ 


'  "f^ 


K.oni.i.  P„,o,.  NW  1,,  N.,  ,;,,  „„,„.  .s,.„.,al.a..K.  B»y 


Ap|>r.>i.cliin({  Jfirili  -.iv,.  v  .rM»|iif„Hi 
Uirili  I'liiiii.  NSW     -.  ,(ni„„ 


■^^.v^iitou 


'""••'''•  '^  ^'"■^'  *■"<■  >..-..  r..„«l  ....  Man.  •r..,„  NNW. 

illM.  ^*;*«'.l'Mr.'  I,«l,t  I «...  T...„l...  I„|„„.l 


•  J\^ 20**^ i.'^'t&i' "«'•*■£•  ^:ij»'-'  -i-^'-- ,■«'?'•:'■  .'••I'.t^'.*"  i.'Hi."iri'- 


|T..a,l,.nK  H'f'li  >•'"■  '-mHliiiMH,  H.,  Mroin  AMrr,  H^.uk 


lirili  I'nitit.  WW    -.  ,„, 


II  ■!  Ii  Km 


I'lmil  VVIiiri-borii,  N   liy  \\    .1,111, 1.- 


A\ 


1! 


i«*7ii0lfe  f' 


■■^tr   ■' 


'• -1-".  .^B&m^a;^^^ 


K«..ii,aM  I'liiiil,  NW    I.)   N     |:i(i,  ''"I"'   VMiil'-lKirii,  N    t.)  W     i,  rinlr. 


\    •.  llij. 


I'ArlKlf   (MAsr    ni.oT.  r,7r, 

lUKCII    HAY 

Ihr  smiHImiii  |"iiiiI  .'I  lliis  line  l.,.,\  is  I'niiit  Willi. In. m.  in.si  (Icscrilif.!.  ;iih|  IIic  iir.rlliwcst 

■  M.  iH  Idlllifil   l.>  .1    I..N-,  i.nii.liii;;.  IiikIi    lijiilf  I..MIIIIM  ,.^j„.||^  ijmr^l  lioin  Wlni,  I, ;ti„| 

1     l.illl   lliMf  miles.      This  I  nil  III  1 1 II;;  li.'.4ii  is  I'.iiili   r.iinl.      ||  is  Imm\iI\   \miim|>i|  Iii||ii>  w.Un '.s  cil;;!- 

,1,  !.•  Ilir  l.lllil  llsf.s  I. MM   I.I    ll\r  Ir.l  iis  a  IKIIIi.w   Ix'IM  ll  ;ilii|  I  lli-li  rulil  III  Mrs  ilil.illil  ill  n  lull-,  lull  m|. 

lull  ...vi'icti  Willi  the  l»oil;;l.i>  III.      I  lir  lull  is  .iIkhii  H,,,.,.  luiiMlir.i  .iii.l  lili>   I.  rl  In;;!?;!!!.!  I  In- 

II.  I  ,,  1  i-lil.\  Iffl.  MiriTlJN  III)  Ihr  lil-h  w.lli  I  iil.llU  IS  III,  ..|l.lln',  liiiwlih'i  iilHiiil  hllri'ii  Icrl  in 
I'Mi'Ml  ••nil  liiiii'  In-I   aliiiM'  lii;;li  wali'i. 

Iiiii'h  I'liinl  is  UiMiwii  lis  Siiiiili  r.liii)  nil  tiii>  Kti^^lish  cliiii'ts. 

Ilir  li.i.N  iMiis  rmiliiasi  l..\  nnilh  luu  ami  a  liall  inilr.s,  uiih  a  whltli  iif  nnr  ami  a  Iniir  niilrs. 

I  ,1   liiiiliiin  iH  \ci.\  iiiiiroiiii,  Willi  ra|iilal   ImiMiiiu  «i..iiml  of  snii    ninil  m  \, li.iii  |..  m\  l.uh s 

,.i  nalti.  I'll.' Iliir  iir  >i\  lallmm^  riiii>  lioin  r.iiiii  \\  liili'liiiiM  In  liinli  I'dini  Tin- ImmiI  nl  iho 
i  i\  has  a  Inn. 1.1  low  >v,il.i'  aiiM  an. I  IIii.t  r.illi..rii>  nn.'  iiiih'  li.nii  III.'  iiinl  h.'i  n  .slmi.-.  'I'll.'  iiiinii- 
.liiic  .Imiis  ail'  |n«  .111.1  I'.ly.'.l  vMih  iii..ish>  jmI.Ii.s.  iln.k  iiii.l.i -r..M  ih,  an.!  Iii'a\.\  wnn.l.  N.i 
,iiii'.iinM>.  ai.'  ii.'.TNsai.\  r.ir  iiilci  in;;,  as  iIi.t.'  .iir  ili'|>ili>  ni  iiliiiii  in  iwcniv  liilmnis  a  inii.'  niii 

-III.',   \Mlll   .s.lll    IIIIhI.In     ll.lll.llll.        ll    IS   lll.l.l.i  .i|U'||  In  llli'  siil||||\\.'>l  .lllll  «l's|,  lull    lIllMIIU  Illl1lc.l\  i.>l 

iiillii'asl  \M-  iiliiT  II. I  sv.ell  i.s  li'li  li.'i.'  Ill  .1    |>in|ii'il\   •mI..'|.i| Imia-.'.     A  ;;imi.1  ImtiIi  i.s  Iniiii.! 

I  I'liii  lalliiiiiis  .if  vN.iici,  .i\.T  snl'i  ,iiiii|,  whi'n  W  IiiIcIiim  n  I'niiii  li.'.ii  s  sniii li,  ilislaiit  nn.' mil.'. 
M'.'  s.'.H.'lu'.l  I'ni  Cii'sli  \\alii.  lull  r.Himl  ii.iiii'  in  ,ii.'  spa.'.'.il'  mmi'  Ih.iii  .i  iml.'  al.ni;;  its  mmiIIi- 
.m-i.'iii  Sl.ll'.   lull    III.  Tl'   Is  s ■   III    III.'  llnllilil'li    ;..ll  i    Ml    till'  lia\    I'l'llincl    Ih.'   hln.nl    ll.il^. 

rill'  ;;cn;;ia|iliiial  iiiisiIidii  .if  I'niiil  Wliil.liiil .  ,  .  ^  .li'li'niiini.l  l>\   lli.'  I'.  S.  ('oa.sl  Siiia.'v,  is; 

I-iiiiii'li'    I-    .■.:;  I",.    -  iiniili. 

I.iiii;;liiiili'    I-;-.'     i:   I'l    ,iH,>i. 

'ill. 11'  is  a  wliarl'  aii.l  wan-liniisi'  al  tin  uiicr  oml  .m  Un-  >niiili  >linii'  ni'  llin-li  r.a,\  almiil  .mi' 
111.)  .1  li.iir  mill's  iiisi.li'  nl'  I 'mil  I   \\  hil.hni  II.      Tli.-  «  n.irl'  is  ,in.'  hniiili.'.l  ami  «'i;;lil,\  .\  .ii.U  Imi^'. 

In  .Inn.'.  I  ."'•,',  \',in.'.)ii\  .'i  .in.lini.'il  in  llnli  l.i\  wjijlc  hi'  ni.nli' a  I'nai  .aji.  ilii  imi  nl'  mni.' 
li.iii   nil.'   hnii.lii'.l   null's  In   llm    iini'lh\\i'>l.      Hi'   iiiin..!  Ih.'  Ii.i\   mi  ar.'niiiil  .'I'  I  Im  jiliiiinl.inn' nl 

III.  k  I'lifli  «  liii'li  y:ii'w  M|inn  Ms  slini.s.     II'' |.|.ii'i  .1  ll  Ml  liiitiiili-  |s    ."i:;','.     \  nl.  I,  |ia;;.'s  .;|."i,  .;ii;. 
In  .Inn.'.   IT'.i'J,   tl.iliaiin  ami    \'.ili|iv.   .'.illiil    ilii>  ii.i.\  ilin    liiis.iia.l.i  .1.- ( i.ii/.nii.     'I'hi'  linli.iii 

11,11111    i>  I  sail  wiii'li. 

riii>  IS  till"  I'll'lh'"'  I" 'in  I  linllhiV.ll.l  nn  I  In' r.lsl.i  ii  slinicMil  I  h.'  dull  nt  (nnl;;i.l  In  wlil.li  .nil' 
|.i  iMiii.il  I'X.iiniiiall.His   h.iM'  .'Nicmli'il. 

SKMIAll  MOd   HAY. 
Ili'iw.'.'ii  Hirrli   Piiint  ami  tlir  rasicm  aii'.;l(>  iil°  r.iiiit  linlM-iis.  ilistani  i'i;:lil  iiiili's  ri.iin  i-a.-li 

..Hill  nil  a  linllll  ri;;lll\  IW.i  . I. ';;!.•. 's  \vi'>l  (N.  S.'  W.)  .'niiiM'.  Ih.'l.'  n|i.'lis  a  \.'l,\  cMi'll.^ix  C  ai  I'.l 
.'I  w.iiiT  that  lia.s  a  iiavii,'ali|i' ilrptli  in  iIm'  iinrlhi.iNi  |>aii,an.l  i>  niil.v  an  r\li  ii>'M' .-'hnal  in  tlii' 
'I   iiliwisi  pait.      Till'  Ininici'  is  kiinwii  ,is  .S.'ini.ih'ninn  \>,i\.  ||ii'  lall.T  as  l'iniiiiiiai,\   r>a,\. 

Iiniii  IliH'li  I'liliil  'III'  .sli.n.' Iiiii'  runs  m.iijv  mnili  i.  i  i  wn  anil  a  lliii.l  unit's,  ,inii  Ih.' I.imi 
;  ills  ^r.ii|iiall\  in  h.'i;;lit  In  III.'  rniiiini  "ii'i'ini'iil  nl  .i  Inw ,  n.ii  i  nw  sainl  s|i||,  w  liirli  rmil  inili's  nil.' 
mil.'  la  I  ill  ll  wil'i  a  lli'ii.l  a  lllllr  iiinii'  In  Ilic  I'.isiw  aril.  Iti'hiinl  I  his  spil  is  l»ia\  Inn  ll.illinl'.  'I'll.' 
-!iiil.'  t.i  till'  mil  liiw  .11.1  III  lliis  s|iil  IS  Iniii'  iiiil  :i  li.lll'  Inili's  nnrlli  rrnin  lliiih  I'niiil,  .ilnl  lillis  i-asl 
I'll!  vM'si  Iniii  mil. 'S,  In  Kwiiin.iis  rniiii,*  wliiili  I'nniis  ilii'  nnilhu.'sl  Imiii  nl'  .Si'iniali'innn  I'l.i.v. 
r.iiili  I'nini  IS  lull;;,  rniimliiii;.  .mil  liliiit.  ll  i>  almiil  I  \M)  liuiiilii  .1  Ici'l  liiiili.  anil  is.l.'iiM'ly  w.in.l.'.l 
Mill  Ih.'  |).>n;:las  lir.  wlncli  ailaiii--  a  h.'ii;ht  nl  .iiihl.v  Ic'l  .ii  mnrc.  'Ih.'  .Ic.'ji  lH'.:ht  l\iny  li.'himl 
r.iii'li  rmiil  ami  Kwomai.s  r.iiiil  iiia>  In-  nrknm.l  S.'iiu.ih'm.i.i  I'lav.  Ih.'  lalliT  |inlii;  is  .i 
.  ..iM|iaiali\i'l\  Inw.  I'niimliii;;,  lilnlV  |>n'nl  niir  .iml .(  Ii.ilf  null's  mnl  h  nl  llic  inn  ihur.Nl.'rn  liniiinl.iiN 
liiii'  li.'ivM'.'ii  ill.'  I'liili'il  .Slali's  ami  Itiilisli  Cnlnmliia.  ami  li\.'  n  l.'s  iimllivvi'st  I'lnin  Hinh  rmiii. 
I'll.'  .Irplli  .ll  waliT  in  Ihc  l.a.v  iaiii;.'s  timii  .■h'V.'ii  l'.illinin>  in  ihl..'  l.ilhniiis  hill  a  imlc  I'lniii 
I1..I1'.  ('\ii'|il  niu'  mill' ra.sl  III'  Kwii  iiiais  I'niiil.  u  ln'ii- I  lir  Hull'  l.ilhiiin  lint' iiins  .'Insi' iinil.T  ilii' 
-in. I.'.  Til.'  Iinllnin  is  siit'l  mini  ami  Ih.'  In.l.liii;;  ;;r.inml  is  ;;nnil.  Inil  liic  u  hnh'  l.a.v  is  .lin'i'll\  n|i.'ii 
;..ilii'  sniiih.  .Mill  lli.'sniitln'il\  \viiii|slia\iiiu  -^  Inn-  ri'.ii'li  m'IhI  in  a  innsiil.'ial.h'  s.'a.  N.'\.'i  llichss 
;lii'H'  IS  lair  pinii'i'linn  ainii;;  llii'  .slinii'  iiniili  nl'  Ilinli  I'liinf,  iinh'ss  lln'  wiii.l  works  iiiiiii.l  tn  the 
ihwi'-l.  .111.1  Ih.n  a  vi'.ssci  iiii,i;lit  ;;.'!  shell. t  iiisnle  Hie  spit   Iniiniii};  Di'ii.vtnn  lliirli.ir. 

•Ciilli.l  N.iitli  llliiir  1.11  .V.IiniiMlly  iliart,  No.  V-'i'i^'.*. 


I      i 


>t  M< 


IfiH 


^1 


57G 


I'Aciru"  coAsr  piLor. 


Ill  tlio  iiortliorniiK.st  part  of  tlio  Ita.v  wli.-ro  ilioslioivs  aiv  low  ami  lli..  slioal  wai.i  i-  m,,  ,„ 
ln-..a.l  olVllif  Itcarli.tli.'if  is  a  siiiiill  stnMiiMMll..<ITali  la  l...»  Civck.*  Th.'  |i<»iii,iii  .,|  i1,i>mi,. 
IS  I. Ill-Ills  >;i\fii  li\  lli.'lliUT  liiindrcl  l.'ct  Im11..c!.  I.v  iii^'alxMil  ;i  mile  mn  lliwcst  w.ini  m  ■ ,  n,,,, : 
It  was  iiiM.U'  thf  iiioiitli  (if  lliis  stream  that  tin-  Aiiinu  an  Comiiiissi. mums  ..f  i  li.  N,,i ;!,.,, .,, 
Immiu.I.iin  ('(Miiiiiissi.iii  t'licaiiiptMl  ^I'v,:)  on  ai.umii  ,.r  ilint'  luiiij;  tirsli  wal.i  h,  i.  j,- 
riiiiiilli  ul'  I'lc  siicaiii  can  lu-  hmcIumI  onlv  liy  a  caiiiir  al  low   walcr. 

7i,/«.v.— rill'   «'.iiri'cti'il    K.-.tal>lisliiiiciil,   or  int'aii   iiilnval    lictvM'cn    tlir   timi'    of   ili.'  :\„., 
Iraii-il  aii.l  tin-  iiiiii-  of  lii-li  water,  is  1  V    ,V.I'',  and   tlir  ilintM.'iice  liel  w  .■••ii  ihr  -nai,  -i  .,i,.l  |,„. 
mil  r\als  is  L"'  L'J   .     Tin-  iiieaii   lisc  and  tall  ol'  tides  is  live  ami  nine  leiitlis  feel  :  d   v|,,|ii-  i,,,,, 
seven  and  eiie  teiilli  feet.     Tlie  mean  diiiatum  <>f  the  llund  is  G''  14";  of  tlieeMi.ii    II    .aiiiii.ii 
stand,  !.'!•'". 

Tlie  two  tides  of  the  saiiii'  d.iv  are  t^eiieially  iinei|iial  in   pio|)urti(in  to  the  Momi'-  diil m:  . 

The  time  and  height  of  e\ei\  tideot  theM,irnia\  I'e  olit.iiiieil  1>_\  eoiisullin- the  I'.i.  ,i.,  i. 
'I'alil.s.  piililished  annually  h\  the  I'.  S.  t'oasl  and  t;eiidetie  Siii\ey.  For  the  time  ami  ImuI/ 
anv  ie.|miei|  tnle  tir>l  t-liiain  from  the  tables  ih.'  time  and  hei;;lit  for  i'orl  Townseiid;  ll.enn.i 
time  ol  the  taliiilai  hiuli  water  add  one  hour,  and  to  the  talnilar  hei;:ht  atld  se\en  li  uili-  ,,;  ,  |, , 
lo  the  ijihiilar  time  ol  the  Ion  w  ater  atld  one  Imnr  and  tliii  ly  three  miiiiiles,  and  lo  i  !,,■  i.il,, , 
laliiilai  height  adil  one  tenth  ot   a  loot. 

On  tlie  Spaiii>li  ehaits  of  (i.iliano  and  WiMe/.   (in  tin'  L'l'eat  Spanish  Maiilime  Aili-.  M.nli 
I7!l."()  the  name   ol   this  \>a\   is  l-Iiiseiiada  ih  I  lin^aiio,  or  l>eeeption  tliilf.     In  the  Adiiui.du  iii,. 
tif  lJ>t7  this  l)a\,  iliellldlll;;  HoniidaiN   Hay,  was  ealied  Shallow    liay. 

A  ii);:p  of  this  bay  was  pnblislied  by  the  ['.  .S.  Coast  Survey  in  1S,")S. 

DKAVTON    IIAl!I!iii;. 

I'loin  r.inli    I'tniit   the  shore  runs  a  scry  little  east  of  north   for   three  and  two  tlimls  mil. 
;;i'adiiall\  deii  easing  In  height  to  within  a  mile  ot   the  end  of  the  lon^,  low ,  narrow  >|>ii.  u  I  i  li 
one  mile  .iinl  a   ihiid   forms  the  western    boiindarv  of  this   harbor,  and    is  Kiioun  a^'ln:!.!.  > 
.liist  before  the  spit  eomineiiees  the  land  behind  it  is  three  hundred  leet  lii;;h.      rhiss|iii  i-ii.\i  . 
with  I'oarse  i,'rass  and   diifl  wood   and   a  tew  tir  trees.     The  extremity  of  the  spit  is  inm  imiii| 
by  the  town  of  Seiniah'inoo.     'I'he  shore  northward  and  eastward  of  this  point    i>  ilnn-  iiiHi  - 
a  mile  distant,  but  the  water  is  shoal,  eveepi  close  under  the  point  of  the  spit.     The  h  iihi<i  isl.i. 
loe'  ed,  and  extends  eastwanl    two  miles,  with  .in  avera;;e  width   of  one  and  a  half  iiiili  >.     N.  ' 
tenths  of  this  aiea  is  rilled    by  tlats  and  shallow  water,  but   just  east  of  the  point  and  rli'^e  im  ;. 
it  there  is  an  area  of  nearly  half  a  mile  s<|iiare  h.i\  in;;  three  to  six  Lithoms  of  w.iti  i.  i\;ili  ,i  i, , 
row,  deep  channel  conneetiii^'  it  with  Seiniah'inoo  ll.iy  ami  riiiiniii;{  close  under  the  imiiit. 

I'lie  southeast  part  of  the  bay  is  tlat  and  inaisli>,  and  is  separated  I'om  Hiieh  ila.v  !•>  ,ili.iii! 
a  mile  of  low   l.ll.d   densely  wooded. 

Outside  and  west  of  Toii;;iie  Spit  there  is  a  broad  low  water  beach,  and  the  thiei  I.iiIi.iiihi.i  ■ 
extends  ne.iil.N  li.ilf  a  mile  from  the  shore.  A  vessel  must  not,  theielore,  apinoaeh  the  spit  im.iu; 
than  1:  lit  a  mile,  or  two  thirds  of  a  mile,  in  live  lathoms  of  water  until  the  exlreiiiit>  ut  tin  -pi! 
iM'ars  east    half  south,  w  inn    it    can    be  steeled    for  and    passeil  close  to  in    ti'.e    .•  si\  l.iili.'ii  -  ^ : 


i-'p 
>  'I 


tiiiiie  to  the  sonlhe.isiward   until  the  end  of  the  spit  beats  n.at 


lUc-I    !i\  11 


water,  ami  then  eontinii 

three  eighths  weM  iNW.  by  W.  ;;  \V.)  half  a  mile  .list. ml,  where  an  anchora,;e  is  had  in  si\  i.i'i.. 


ft  sticky  bottom.     South  «if  this    position  the  ba\  sho.ns  uradii.illy  to  UmIm- 
lialf  a  mile,  with  iiiiidd\  sticky  bottom.     There  is  looin  in  this  anclioiaK>'  lor  three  oi  l.iii 


of  water  (ivi-r  so 


n  iia 


vessels,  as   w  I 


II 


as   for  se\( 


ral    small   ones,  and   they   are    peifecilv    sheltereil.     Oi 


I     Ihr      I  -.11' 


Toii;iin>  Point  a  vessel  may  he  beached   foi  repairs. 


The  border  of  the  shoal  ;;ioniid   .iieiiiici  im 


•liora;;e  is  marked  In  poles  stuck  on  the  ed;;e  of  the  Hats. 
.V(/r  huoii  iiikI  ,linrtlnns—.\  ml  spur  himy  lias  been  placed  at  the  cntrame  to  HiiMmi.  li.iii. 

at    the   tiiinof  the  channel.     It   bears  west    half  a  mile  (one   tl sand  yar.ls,  fiom  iliecinl  .i 

the  wlmrf  •>ii   the  extremity  of  Dra.vtoii   Spit.     It  i.s  jiist  olV  the  shoal  and  lies  in  si\  I'iMimmi'^  .1 

v»aier. 

To  enter  the  harbor  follow  the  shores  from  the  sonthwar<l,  but  not  nearer  than  tliic.  >;  iii'i- 
of  a  mile;   round  the  liiinv  and  inn  direct  to  the  end  of  Semiah' .wharf. 


•l'aiii|ilii'll  HiM-mii  ilir  Ailiiiirally  rli.ol.  Nm.  '.'lisll. 


"ill  w:i|,.r  iv„in.,„i, 
•Mlioii  of  iln,  v||,,,,, 

>I\V.II,|    ,,|    l.,„„„||i 

'  •''"■'     lull-.       |,ii;    ,,, 

""I"'     "'■    III.'    M,M,, 
'>■  .-KMll  M   .ll,.l  1,.,,,. 

'''■'  :  "I'  -I'tiii-  |i,i,. 

'•'.<'''  II  ..lUij  i.lll. 
•    Moiln\  .Ircilll.i::,,, 

tiii;,'llic  I'.inii,  T..,|, 
<•  liin.'  li^i.l  iiriiil.iw 
'*li'-<'liii  ;   Ihi'ii  tiitii. 

\<'ll     ll'Mlll^    111    :|    I,,,,; 

,    alMJ     In    Ih..   I.iiilj.i 

liitic  All. I-.  M.i,|i,,| 
lif  ,\iliiiii,iii\  ,j|,j 


11(1  t\\(i  iliii,|>  i,|.i,. 

irnw    ,s|,|l.   Hi,;,  I,  |„| 

i«  n  as  'rniuMi'  S|.ii 

TIll.S  S|i|I   I-  , ,,,,    ,, 

|M|    In    ||,m    I.,-,  i||.;iit 

I     i>  llllr.    llHlllllMll 

'I'lir  llMllii.r  jsl.iiiil 

I  li.iir  riii'.'s.  >'iin.. 
iiit  ami  I'xM'  iiikIh 

^^at(•l.  unh  ;i  ii.n 

till'  jioiiil. 
IWlcil    il.l.    Ii\   .lliiMII 

tllllT    l.lil   ..||,  I 

aril  llir  -:       :  ,     , 

lrcllll|\  nl  llM  V].,; 
I'  ■'  M\  l.llllnlllMil 
li..|tllU  I  -I    liV  Hf>t 

liail  III  M\  t'athiiiiis 
lallv  tip  Ivwhi-tiit 

illll'C  111    lull!  I.II;.'C 

On   III!    iiKiiii'i'l 

IIUIIIIll     .llllllllll  lill' 

II  I  l|a\  lull    II. Il''  ■ 

)  rmiM  III!'  II  ■ 
>  in  .-.i\  i.iiliuii.^  1 1 

laii  (liiri  '   !.iri'r> 


£    '  1 


\H 


L:s^;^m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^''W*''^^m 


K.mt«'rii  Piiini 


I'oint  K.  iM-rm  M  an  Inland,  WNW,  ti  imleB. 


Wenlorii  I'lmit. 


'^^Mi^^^^^SSS.!^^!^^^^^^^^^^:, 


Wfnt  I'l.ini    NW   bv  N 


I'.iint  Ro),ort(i  m  an  IkUimI  Kant  I'l.int.  N.  by  W.  }  W.,  K^  mil.-t. 

.MoiiniaiuD  iiiirtliof  ltui(»ril  Inlrt,  limtHiit  :«iniilt»;   flpvation,  4,H(l()riwt. 


I'-'iTi!  Kobt"      Ui'hI.  :•  inili'.i  l>i!<ti»iit  Muiiiitiiiin  riti  V«iiiiiiivfr  Inland. 


<■  !    < 


il^;  ■ 


mi  i' ' 


i 


I  if;! 


iM' 


mim 


ami 


1^ 


a^ 


I 


PACIFIC    COAST    l'II,<)T. 


677 


Tlio  approximato  Roograpliical  position  of  tlie  omi  of  Tongue  Spit,  as  (Icterniined  by  tlic  U.  8. 

•  'oast  Survey,  is: 


I.alilinlrt ^ .|, 

l.ciiiailii'l" !'.►> 


.V,l'..')  iiortli. 
Id'.','  wont. 

7Vi/r.s.— Tlic  tinn's  an*l  hei^l-ts  of  tlic  tides  me  n'wi'u  mider  tlie  description  of  Seiniidi'moo  IJay. 

IIm  re  are  iinw  three  wharves  at  the  end  of  the  point  and  liorderin;;  tiie  ciiannel. 

On  tlie  htw  point  one  ndle  east  troni  tiu^  end  of  Tonyne  Spit,  on  the  opjiosite  side  of  tlio  bay, 
iliereisa  new  settlement,  called  Illaine.     On  the  Admiralty  chart  this  point  is  called  Willow  Point. 

Thero  is  a  wharf  one  half  a  mile  in  len;jth  stretchiiif,'  southward  from  the  town  of  lilaiiw  on 
I  III'  noi'tli  shore  of  the  liay  and  reachin;;  into  (he  channel. 

li  ends  opposite  the  inner  side  of  tin-  Semiah'moo  Sjiit,  ami  there  is  a  lary:e  sawmill  on  tho 
iii>i(li'  1)1'  this  wharf  and  inside  the  low  water  line. 

Kiayton  Ilarliorwas  examined  and  named  liy  the  I'nited  States  Mxploriiif;  Kxi)edition  in  I.Stl. 
I  he  I'liiled  States  and  British  steameis  attai-hed  to  the  Niulhwcstcrii  i'.oumlaiy  Commission  were 
;iirii-.|(iincd  to  anchor  here  (1S,J7-'">S). 

A  map  of  it  was  published  liy  the  I'.  S.  Toast  Survey  in  IS'iS,  about  the  time  when  the  town 
was  lirst  settlcil  on  a«;count  of  the  Eraser  Itiver  ^jold  excitenn>nt. 

BOUNDARY  BAY. 

This  is  the  inirthwesteni  part  of  the  };ulf  lyiii<;  between  I'.irch  Point  and  Point  Roberts.  It  is 
111  Noned  to  embrace  the  broad  shoal  area  iietwecn  K  wo  niais  Point  and  the  eastern  head  of  Point 
li'olnils.  The  latt(>r  lies  six  and  three  I'onri  lis  niilcs  south  forty  one  dc>;i'ees  west  (8.  IT'  \V.)  from 
till'  loruier;  and  tf)  the  noithwcst  of  the  line  joinin;;  thcni  the  liay  is  four  and  oiielourth  miles 
lilt  p.  ami  there  ih  very  little  nntre  than  three  fathoms  tui  the  line.  Half  the  di'ittli  of  the  bay  is 
M  i\  shallow,  ami  its  northern  shore  is  low  and  marshy  and  Iriii^ed  with  trees  and  busjies.  From 
iliis  north  shore  low  land  heavily  loiested  extends  noithwcst  three  miles,  to  Fraser  Hiver. 

Point  Kwonmis  is  a  roundin;;  blutV  point  Iwolmndred  feet  lii;;h  and  densely  wooded.  From 
it  tlie  shore  runs  northwest  for  two  miles,  and  m-arly  a  mile  behind  and  northeast  of  the  low  point 
at  this  distamu!  thero  is  the  entrance  to  a  stream  named  the  Niconuckl  River.  From  the  |K)int  a 
<'liaMmd  carryinn'  from  one  and  a  half  to  live  tathomsof  water  leads  through  the  Hats  to  deej* 
water. 

/'ii/»i<  L'ohcrtn. — Tho  eastern  head  of  I'oint  Roberts  forms  tlu^  western  boundary  of  this  bay. 
'fins  head  is  om*  hundred  and  fifty  feet  hiyli,  with  a  nearly  veitical  white  face,  and  its  summit  is 
covered  with  trees.     From  it  the  land  borderiu;^  the  bay  falls  jiradimlly  to  the  northwestward. 

From  this  head  an  «'xtensive  reef  extends  one  mile  marly  due  east,  with  broken  bottom  marked 
liv  kelp  ill  lour  to  live  fathoms  at  nearly  two  miles.  Hcep  water  makes  well  under  the  northeast- 
ern iiartof  the  head  Just  north  of  this  reef,  and  the  surveyiiij;-  hri;;  FnHnthnnj  has  aiu'liored  here. 
Iliit  the  usual  anchora};<'  is  in  seven  or  ei-ht  fathoms  of  water  over  sandy  bottom  when  the  west- 
ern spit  of  Point  Roberts  is  just  shut  in  by  the  white  clitVs  of  the  eastern  head,  which  will  bear 
west  s(Hith  west,  distant  tnie  and  one  half  miles.  This  aiiilioia;:e  is  only  a  stopiiiuK  plaee  for  sailinjj 
vessels,  and  they  must  be  prepared  to  leave  on  the  shot  test  wariiiiii.;  if  a  southeaster  is  threatening. 

The  uco-iaphical  position  of  the  station  of  the  1'.  S.  <  oast  and  (ieodetic  Survey  on  the  top 
ol  the  clitf  a*  the  eastern  head  of  Point  Itobcits  is: 

|„iijtmli> 4s    Tis'  •,>('>  '..I  iiortli. 

I,iill;;illlili> l'-':i     111     '-i-*    -^  wrst. 

This  is  the  western  part  of  the  Fnseiiada  del  i'.ufjafio  of  Caliaiio  and  Valde/,  I7!>L'.  It  was 
not  iiaiiird  by  Vancouver.  It  was  simply  desi-naleil  as  shallow  im  the  Admiralty  chart  of  1S»7. 
It  was  named  Mini  l>ay  <ui  the  I'.  S.  Coast  and  dcodelii'  Survey's  map  of  |S.-)."i,  hut  on  the  recent 
iiliiioii  it.  is  called   IJoundary  iJay,  and  the  same  name  is  used  <m  tiie  Admiralty  chart,  No.  l,'(i.SI». 

I'diNT  u<iiii:i!rs. 

When  seen  from  the  northern  entrances  of  the  Canal  de  llaro  and  Rosario  Strait  this  point 
slaiiilsoiit  near  the  middle  of  thelliilf  of  (icoif;ia  as  a  bold,  wooded   island.     From  Aldeii   liank 
It  Is  seen  as  a  wooded,  moderately  hijili,  and  ne; 
eastern  part,  under  which  is  the  bii},dit  white  bl 
died  and  ei},'lily  feet. 
I7211i'0 37 


K't 


If  wW 


■■"•TS  rAclKir  COAST  iMijvr. 

I'loin  Tmnho  lJ»'«>f  tlio  iM)iiit  is  visiltl.-  as  a  \,m<:,  low.  Hal,  woimIi-iI  isliiiid.  sIm,  iim  !h,.  «|,,,. 
••lilV  at  till'  fasliTii  point. 

N\  hfii  llif  wrallii'i  is  rli'ar  the  lii;;li  iiiomitaiiis  thai    lir  jiisl  norili  of  r.iiiranl    InK         ,     ,, 

ovi'i  I'oiiit    KoltiTts.     They  attain  ; li'valinn  of  I'oriv  (■i';lii    juinilr.'il   ami   fi-liiv  i. ,       ,,1  ,, 

iwi'iiiv  six  mills  north wanl  of  I'oint  K'olii'ils. 

Kroni  llosano  Strait   tin'  sciiithwi'siri  ri  point   Immih  nrarl>  noiijiwrst    liy  wrsi   ihh      ,1,1:, 
wi'st  (N\V.  h\  W.  ,'  W.i.ilislant  i'i;;IiliTn  an<l  a  hall'  inili's.     l''roin  Whili'horn  I'l.ini  ii  Imiism,.: 
•  listant  twelve  ami  a  tliiril  miles.      ||  is  the  southern  •erniinalion  of  a  reniaiUalile  pioiulmimh  •„„ 
iiiiles  wide.  >iietehin;,'  southeast  wanl    tioMi   till'  nioiith   of  I'laser    lliver,  and    loriiis  il,,    «i«!,,i, 
slioieol'  r.oniiilar,\   liav.     'I'hi' sunt  hern  laee  ni'  this  pi'oniont4ir,\  is  two  ami  a  hall'  niili-  '■'■\z\\f^i. 
siinihwesi    ami    vast  northeast,  with  a    ver\  N|i;;hl    ieee.>sion   of  the   shore  .ilon^r  this   imm.     1],^ 
eastern  lieail  of  the  point  has  alreailv   lieen  ileM'riheil  as  a  white  ami  immiIn   \erlieal  eliii  r,iii'  liiiii 
tlleil  anil  lil'ty   feet    hl;:h,  ami  eoxeled   Willi  a  dense  loresl  ol'  hiiil^las  lir  and  olhei    llee^.      Ill, I, ;i, 1,1 
;:reatl\    to    lis   apparent    liei;;hl.      This  white   elilV  deen  a-es    in    liei;,'hl    lor  a  mile  lo  ( he      iv!\\,,i' 
when  tlie  shore  is  l.ivv  to  tin'  western  spit,  wliieli  is  a  low    shiii;,'le    point.  Iieliind  wlneh  '     1  1  \ 
aiea  of  le\el.  elear  Kind.      Neaih    a    mile   north   of  this  low.    Ie\el    land    Ilie   ehlldi'  M.    ,  i- , 
head,  which    inns  dia;;onall.\    towards  the  northwest,   li,eaKs  upon    the    western    >lioi.    i.|   1'. 
Iiolieiis,  aliont  a  mile  from  the  Miiith\M"<tein  spit.      All  the  hiuher  land  is  eo\eied  uiili  iMii»t 

In  the  I'raser  l{i\ cr  jrold  eveilement  of  ls:.s  a  lew  shanlies  lo  lepieseiit  a  small  Ihimim,;,. 
Iniill  hell.  Iiiit  the  next  >eai-  lhe\   weie  liiirnt  liowii. 

The  ;;eo;;iaphie.il  position  of  the  I".  S.  ("oasi  and  (leodelie  .Siiim'v  station  on  1  In  notirii 
|>iiint  is; 

I.alitiiili' I-     .'i-    IT '..'i  11.111 1 

I HI  I II. I.' 1  •-•■■■    I' I  :.;!.-  «.M 

It    is   tlien'rore   nearly    two   miles  sonlli   of  the    iioithwestein    lioiimlary  lietweeii  iIm   I'ln-.i 

.Si.iies  and  r.riti>h  Colnmliia. 

I'rom  the  western  extremit.x  of  I'oint    Kolierts  we  have  the   lollowinf;  hearin-s  ami  ■Iki.iim., 

to  important   olijeets : 

Itir.  Il  r..iiit,  I'.l.i.k    Ituny N-  "'■•  r..  I"     "111.- 

I'.mil   Willi.  11.. Ill,    Hi  ill'.ii.n N.  -'•  1'.  I'-'     mil" 

Al.l.M  llaiik,  l;.-.l  aii.l  ltl;irK    llii.n  .  ni  tin..' .iii.l ■  h;iir  I;illi..iii^.  S.  DV  1:.  llji'i'l— 

Mi.l  .  ii.'iiiiiil.  li..rlli  .iiliaiir.'i.I'  III.- t  aiiiil 'li'  ll.ii.i -■■  I^  ■'■■'  '-■  11',   iii'i.- 
Arliv.    rj>.s  l.iyhl  liiiiiM,  lii.iir;;i:i  I'.iiiit.  wiiUli  si.l.' .'!'  I'Mliaii.i' S  :!l  \V  III     lull,- 

Kiilr.iiirf  Nlaiiil  Liiiii  li.iiiM,  ii|i|ir..:ii  II.-  i,,  \.iii.iiiii,i N  ~'  W.  ;i'.'    inil.- 

(ialiii.ila  If.',  r.    I'.la.k  Mm.'. .  nii  nl..i\.' i  .'iirM-  al •  I  i   imli- 

Norlli  Siui.l  ll.a.l.  liawilJiM-r  l.ii:lilli..ii-.' N-  T'J  W.  '.')  iimI.- 

There  is  an  open  aiiehoraj:e  under  the  .si.iilh  l.iee  of  I'oint  Hoherls  w  iieie  ilie  I  S.  (  ,m-; 
Survey  lirij;  I'liiiiilUrini  used  to  anelmr  in  ten  r.ilhoiiis  over  hard  sand  alionl  time  .pi  ,1 1. 1  -  m  .1 
mile  eastward  of  the  point.  Iiistion^  northerly  w  iiiils  dow  n  llie  -iilf  the  heavy  >lioi ;  -u.i  - 
liiokeii  and  ehan-ed  in  direelion  liy  the  point.  .M  the  eliaii;;.'  ol  eimeiils  willi  Mieli  .1  »iii,l  ili 
swell  the  anelioraj;e  is  very  iineomtorlable:  Iml  as  a  rule  ihe  enrreiil.  e\en  on  theel.l..  v>  ,>  t„u:ii.i< 
the  west.  There  is  .seaiit  anehorage  jii>t  northwest  of  Ihepoiiit  in  eij^lil  fathom- ol  mi, 'Viii 
eood  holiliii-Kronml  three  fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  point,  elose  ne.der  the  ed-e  m  iIii-IuliI 
hank    whieh    makes  out    half  il   mile   from    the    we>lerii  shore.     The   lan-re   for  this  aiMlmia^'-'i!. 

.Mount  Consfitiiti .ver  the  low   point  of  llolierts.  whi.h   l.eais  soniheasl  half  east,  ani  1 1.1. in 

elilfof  the  foitviiinth  parallel,  or  the  monnmeiil  on  its  snnimit,  l.earin,ir  northeast,  flu' ^i.n.il 
l.aiik  will  he  only  a  ipiarter  of  a  mile  to  theeaslwani;  it  is  sleeii  to  and  shoals  smld.  li ..  SIhI'* 
ean  not  lie  here  in  an\  slioii;,'  wind. 

rrom  the  southwestern  spit  of  I'oint  KohiM-ts  the  shore  to  the  northward  is  low  fm      mmIi-.  iml 

then   eoinmeiiees   a   lilntV  two  and  a  half  mih's  Ion-.     The  general  direelion  of  this  >li.        >  !ii 

west    l.v  north,  and  at  the  p.nrallel  of  forty  nine  de-rees  there  is  an  openin-  throng >! »" 

the  i.roMiontorv  lo  mark  the  line  of  the  Northwest  I'.onndaiy.  .M  the  western  opeiiiii-  ;l,r  liliitt  i> 
hundred  and  ei-hty  feet   high,  ami  at    ihe  top  in  tin' Riip  there  is  hnill  a  -ramie  ii.  niiinm 

•rii-   linuiutm;,    M n.i.N  .m  r.Hi.l  H"!"'"!-  liit«i-ii  H"'  '■'n"'!  •^'•"'"'  •""'  I'""-''  *'"' '"''  ■"'   '  '  l"'"''""' 

f„rtv.,iiiill,  paralM.      lak.n  In.m  lli,-  I,.|M,^:^M.I.i.•al  iiia|i  lli.'  ii,..ii.nM,.„l  at  Hi.-  .•  iM.ni  Mil-  el  lli.^  |..  n     ■  i,a  .«  »o 

, .lr..il  ami  .ixtv  var.ln  ,-  rll,  ..f  latitn.l-  1',.    ;  an.l  Hi.^  m m  m  "i"  "i'mIitii  k„1..  is  Iw .1  iMnl  n^V 

.lim.yaril-C!  Hmrll,  -f  n  .  PI,...,,  .n.irs  ar- .1..m1.I1. -s  ..vvi,,.,'  1..  Hi.- .Irll.-.ti.ii.  .'fHi- I'lmnl.  Ini"  .1  '■  -  .'  • 
iculMlalimi  "ftlii-  linnmlan  Ci.iiiiiiinsi.iii  in  Sniiial Hay.     1 1-.'."   I.s.>.) 


PACIFIC    COAST    IML(»T. 


r)79 


laixl,  slid,    illi;   !l„.  Hint,, 

ItllllMI'll      llll>  11'    Mil, 

lltl  ri;;lit\  li  .  ,  .ii|,|  ,ii,. 
li\    West    till  I      .jii.ii'ii. 

Kirn  I'liiiil  It  !"  Ills  «iM. 

Ml  U:ll<li'  |iliilii<'iilii|\  t»ii 

;lllil    Till  IMS    till'   Wi'Sli'lii 

I  :i  h:\\\'  null  -  ^l||l;  wm 

.lldll^'    tills    iHHil.      11,, 

Iv  vi'I'IIimI  till  iiiif  liitii 

il  iillicl  Hits,  vvliiili  mlil 
a  iiillr  III  till'  vM  slu;ii ! 

il'lllllll  «  llll'll  I-  .1  llli.iln: 
lllC    clilV  111    I  I shI 

wi'sii'iii   slii>i •    iif  I'mr 
riixflril  Willi  Imi'sl. 
I'SCIlt     a    Mliall   lii\Mi  H,;i- 

V   still  illll  "111    I  111-  HlsIiT', 

:.-    17  .:.  11.11 1! 

Ill      ."fcl     .-    Hi-^l 

iiirv  lirl  VM'i'li  '111'  I'lii'i'i 
1'  lieariiiu^  Mini  ilisi.iniv- 


r,.  Ii>  mil.  - 

i:.  I--'  iml.- 

i;.  Mi  111.:- 

i;.  II ,  I"  . 

\V.  Ill     mil- - 

W.        ;i-.'    mil.  ■ 
•Jl;   M!'. 

\v.        ;ii  11,  I. 

tS   \\1HT('  III''    I       >.  '  "I- 

liiiilt  tlni'i'  M'l  "''I'  "'  ' 
ic  livaxv  sliiii ;  >«imI  •'  ■ 

Is  Willi  MII'll  •!  «iii'l  ■!:' 
I  (III  IliiM'lil".  H.is  |iih;ii.  - 
I  rallitiiiiN  lit   "JiiiT.  «ii; 
tlic  I'd^f  "I  tlirslii. 
Mf   I'm-  this  .Mirlmniu''  • 

I    liair  ^.l^l.  .il"!  Ill'' I'.' 

ii;  11(11  tlii'a>i.     Till'  sli"' 
NJioals  ,siiil'l'!iK.    >li'"- 

inl  is  l(i\\  fill    I  mill'.  ' 
in  (if  this  .sli'irr  i>  mil' 
ii;:  tliiiinyli  II^'  |.iti->i" 
stern  (i|i('iiiiit;  ^ln'  I'ln" 
ill  a  ^ciaiiili'  II"  iiiiiii'i'' ' 

'i.liiiiilii;!  .'If  I  '■ 
ill.  of  111!'  |.. 

silll-    is    I  \M1    lull. 
|llllll|ll    Illll'    III  '''" 


twcnty-flvo  foot,  liitii,  on'otoil  us  tlic  initial  point  nf  tin-  limiiMlary.  Tlio  nortliwpst  toriniiiatinii  of 
till' cliff  kIiiiii' is  known  as  r,n;,'lisli  UliilV.  Tlicnci'  aloii^  tlic  sliorcliiu' to  (ho  iiortlu'i'ii  and  luiii- 
( ipiil  inonlli  of  tlio  Frasor  liivcr,  llio  direction  is  ron;,dily  I'oitliwest  lor  six  miles,  or  niiio  and  a 
(piartor  niilos  from  tlic  western  spit  of  Point  liobert.s.  Tiiis  part  of  the  slioro  i.s  low  and  densely 
woiiiled. 

This  promontory  was  discovered  liy  Don  Franoiseo  Kliza  in  17!M,  ami  named  the  IVninHula 
i|i«  ("epeda.  It  was  next  M-eii  liy  Vaneonver  in  .liiiie,  li'.iL',  and  lie  naini'd  it  Point  Koherts.  In 
I  lie  s'tiin-  year,  alter  Vaneonver,  Kli/.a's  name  was  retained  by  (laliano  and  Valdez.  In  the  Admi- 
ralty charts  from  I.SIT  it  is  called  Itoberts  Point. 

THK  UOnKUTS  AND   STrROEON  HANK,   nUITISn  COLrMTlIA. 

The  ureat  Hlioal  liank  extendin;^  from  the  delta  of  the  I'raser  Hiver  nearly  onothinl  aorosB 
llie  (Inlf  of  CieorKJa  is  formed  liy  the  detritus  l)roiii;ht  tlown  liy  the  P'raser  Iliver  through  its 
several  mouths,  l-'rom  tlni  western  extremity  of  Point  Kolierts  it  .sw(c|is  in  a  rou};hly  semi- 
I'iiciilar  arc  to  Point  (irey  at  the  entrance  of  Murrard  Inlet,  nineteen  miles  to  the  northwest. 
Tliroii;;li  this  extensive  .sli'ial  two  iiiodeiately  deep  cliamiels  cut  their  way  for  the  main  river  and 
(or  the  north  tork.  The  piiiicijial  cliannel  is  formed  hy  the  main  river,  and  all  tlu^  area  from  this 
cli.innel  to  Point  Koherls  is  now  known  as  IJolierts  Hank,  and  that  to  Point  Cirey  is  the  Sturgeon 
Hank.  Vaneonver  tjave  the  latter  name  to  the  whole  area.  A  marked  peculiarity  of  the  bank  i.s 
tlie  slee|i  to  chara(!ter  of  its  seaward  cd;,'e,  where  it  drops  suildeidy  fniiii  twoand  three  fathoms  of 
water  to  ten  ami  twenty  even  at  the  very  inouths  of  the  channels.  Olf  the  mouth  <if  the  nuiin 
ship  channel  there  is  a  deplli  of  fifty  fathoms  within  a  mile. 

I''rom  Point  KolH-rts  the  };eiieriil  direction  of  the  bank  is  west  by  nortli  for  nine  and  a  half 
miles;  then  curving  sliphtly  it  runs  nearly  north  noithwest  for  twelve  miles,  to  Point  (Jrey.  Off 
tlic  Hlurj^eon  Hank  the  ih'ptli  of  water  is  more  smhlciily  incivasid  than  otf  the  I{ol)erts  Bank. 
I'liiler  the  west  sid(>  of  I'oint  Itoberts,  we  hav(»  idready  descrilieil  the  open  anchorai;e  there. 

Vessels  an^  warned  to  keep  a  vi;;ilaiit  lookout  for  this  ^M'cat  daii;rcr  when  approaching  it  in 
thick  and  smoky  weather,  the  more  es|iecially  as  the  cmri'nts  are  (piite  strong  and  not  regular 
towards  the  Point  Roberts  part,  olf  which  there  are  very  heavy  current  rips,  which  become 
dangerou.s  to  small  ves.sels  when  an  adverse  w  iiid  is  blowing. 

riLOT   LAWS  ANU   IIKGULATIONS   I'OK   THR  STRAIT  OF  FUCA,  ITGET  SOUND,  AND  ALL  AMERICAN 

WATERS    I'KIilAIMNir   THERETO. 

(Apimivdil,  Ki'lirnaiy  ■-',  I"' — ;  tonU  ilVcct  April  1.  I-'--.) 

Sko.  11.  Tliiit,  pvery  ihIhI  'Hi  lnniiiliii;;  ii  msmI  shall,  ai  tin'  niiinst  nl'  tin.  iiiastiT,  i'\Iiiliit  liis  lipcnHO,  anil  on 
ri'l'iisal  111  ilii  KO,  Hliall  1.1'  lialilr  In  a  pi  iiallv  el'  titty  (Inllais. 

Skc.  I'i.  Tlial  il  shall  Ik.  tin.  iliily  ul'  i'm  ly  |iiliil  in  i  liaryr  nf  a  \  i  s«.  1  aiiiviii^  at  aii\  ut'  tlir  imrls  nf  rii^ji't  Sdiiiid 
iir  iN  liniiichi'M,  til  liav  Ih'-  Nrssrl  Hali'ly  iiuiiin'it  <ir  an.  hniiil  in  niiiIi  a  iinsilinii  as  lln'  iiiasl'Tiif  tin-  vhsiI  may  ilircot, 
wlidii  his  n'spiinsiliility  shall  (''as'.. 

.Skc.  I~.  Thil  nil  pirsiiii  i.xcpt   iIiihi-  1 nsnl  hy  tin' iiiiiiiiiissiniiiis  sh.ill  pilut  vism  Is  in  aiiil  mil  nf  tin- hays  or 

liarlmrH 'if  I'liK'l  Siiiiii.l  nr  .liiaii  ilr  Kiiia  ,>^l  rail,  or  In  nr  liniii  tlii'  I'ai  Uii' <  Irra'i  tliiiiii;;li  .saiil  strait  Inr  hire,  miil'T 
pi'iially  nf  Ihri'i-  hiinilriil  ilnll.irn  liiii'  for  rarli  ami  ■  .i\  nlV.iisc.,  This  pi  iially  is  imt  iiii'iirrnl  whiii'  I  hi-  iiiastrrnfa 
vi'ssul  ii'tH  as  his  nwii  pilnl  ;  prn\  iiliil  lliil  I  In-  liia»li  r  nr  nwii.  r  nf  any  vi  s.scl  shall  Iinl  I"'  ininpilli'l  tn  taki'  il  pilot 
iiiiiliT  till'  prnviNinns  nf  this  act. 

Skc.  •.'!•.  That  pilntu  taK'ii  In  sia  against  thi'ir  \\  ilN,  win  n  a  linat  is  in  atti'iiilaiirc  ria'ty  In  nciiv  tli'^iii,  sliall 
II"  tint  llll'll  tn  ri'i'i'i.n  livf  tlnllars  pn  il.iy  whih'  alisiiit,  whiili  siiin  shall  lit'  paiil  liy  thn  niastfr  nr  mviiiT  nf  thti  vi'sstil 
liy  wliirli  Iht'  pilnt  «:w  taUt'ti  away. 

Ski  .  '.'1.  That,  if  any  pilnl  nH'irs  hiiiist'lf  l.i  aii,\  xfs^il  fiiiiiiriiij,'  his  Kt-rviit'.s  as  pilnl,  nntsiilr  nf  a  liiir  ilrawii  frnni 
till.  \vi..,t  enil  of  Waailila  Mainl  tti  OliM'rvatniy  rniiil  mi  llirt.ast  siili.  nf  I'nrt  San  ,Iiiaii,  Ilrilish  Cnliiinliia,  if  inwartl 
linnnil  lif  shall  havr  Ihi-  prtlt'nnri ,  if  a  pilnls  mi  \  i.  rs  air  riiininil  liy  tlif  vt'ssil  wlinv  liiniiitl  tn  sfii,  nr  a  pilnt  frtiiii 
Illll  saiiiu  pilnt-liiiat. 

Skc.  -M.  Tliat  llm  hull  ami  appiirtiiiani'i's  nf  .ill  vrssils  shall  Im  litlil  liahlf  fur  (lilnt's  tint's. 

Skc.  v!I.  That  tin'  pilnls  shall  at  all  tiini's  hi'i  p  a  hnal  in  ^;nllll  tninlitinn  rriiisiiis,'  mi  thn  Strait  nf  FiU'a  nr  at  sfa. 
Tlif  niiiiilitT  nf  pilnls  In  111.  tin  any  mm  Imal  (n  l.t-  thirrmint'il  liy  tlif  tiinimissinii.rs. 

See.  '.'(l.   Till'  llnaitl  nf  I'llnl  Cnmniissininrs  slia!'  fix  Ihf  ratts  nf  |iilnla;;i'  In  twi't'ii  tin'  npiii  st'a  ami   tin-  pnrtM  on 

I'liKi't  .Sniinil.      lint  siit'h  latfs  shall  i.iit  I'N il  I'iL^hl  tlnllars  per  fnnl  iliaii.^ht    tn  vtssils  wlin  t.ii;;a},'i'  pilnls  milsiiln  of 

Waaihla  Islaml  In  pnrl  nf  tiitry  nr  titlnr  pnrls  mi  rii^il  ."^nninl.     Tn  st'sstls  frnm  Ilrilish  C'lnmliii  In  purl  nf  t'lilry  or 

iilliir  piirts  nil  Piiut'l  Smiii.l,  mil  In  I'M 1   six  tlnllars  piT  fnnl    ilranuht.        "n  vi.km.Is  JVnii   I'nrI   ThhiimihI  In  any  nf 

lilt!  iitirls  nil  I'lini't  .Stiiiiitl,  Illll.  In  t.Xft.fil  ftiiir  tlnllars  prr  fn.if  tlranuhl  :  I'roriilxi,  That  Iinthiiic  ill  this  art  shall  li« 
•  iiiiHlriit'tl  a»  rt<i|iiirliiK  half  pilot»n«  tn  lie  paitl  wlit'ii  sirviits  ait>  iinl  atliially  pirfiiniifil :     lint  iiroiiilnl  fiirlhir,  '\'\\at 


\'\\ 


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f.so 


TACIKK'   (OAST    I'll.dT. 


«'\«<ry  pilot  liriiitriiid  n  vphkcI  finm  wm  Kimll  laki'  In  r  In  Inr  (nirl  urilinliiiiitioii  irrr(|iiir<  il  « lini  thai  pnit  ,.  :\hw,. 
llic  |niit  iifi'iilrx,  williunl  inlililiiiiiul  ili:ir>;i'«.  Iliil  al' it  I  vm'IiIx  I'liiir  lioiirM  nf  <lila\  at  llii<  |iiiit  o|  iiilr\  iLiihImi 
mIiiiII  Im- I'litiili'il  to  ailililicitial  pay  of  li\<<  iliillars  |>i'r  ila>  torrv  t\  ila\  mi  ili  la,M'il. 

KttnuU  /ntm  thi-  htf  Itttm  of  thi    I'llnl  f  'niitntiKHuimrn, 

Ski'.  1'.".  I'llot  lioatM,  w  liili- crnwiii);,  iiiiiMt  liavoa  «  liilo  Mj;tial  laiili  rii  (li>.pla>ril  in  a  i'onM|ijiiioiis  mai  ,.  .  ilnni,- 
llio  tiit;lit.  anil  llii-  i iliir  ol   llii'  lioal  ili>pla\ril  on  tin'  mainsail  aM  a  ila,^  ni^iial. 

Ski  1:I.  Niilli.r  piiolM  nor  tlirir  lio»l»  mIliII  lio  prmiiliiii  to  Ii.im-  llnir  pirnliai  kit\  m  o,  Hlnlli.iri  i.nni  ,i 
wi»,  null  ■«•<  to  a»>iH|  vi»j«  1m  in  ili»lrr«M,  niorr  llian  ilnrlx  nnli  ■<  noiili  or  soul  li  of  TaiooMli  liylil  »  il  limii  in  ...i ,, , 
111^  IHTinimnui  ol'  lliiH  lioaril,  anil  any  lioitl  inlrin^in^  tins  '         '         * 

SKf.  I.'i.  Tliat  .all's  of  pilolui;!'  xliall  I"'  as  follow:  Inuaiil  luninil,  m\  ilollarspir  fool  ilran!;lit  from  am  pmiilini 
n  lino  ilraH  n  fioni  Capo  lli.ili  ,  Iti  ili>li  (olnnilna,  anil  llaltiTV  Itorki.  \Va>liin^lo>i 'ri'irilor.\  ;  lisr  iloPaii  I'l  r..u| 
ilran;:lit  from  any  point  on  a  lini'  ill  an  n  from  Waailil.i  Ul.iiil  to  llio  moil  »ONlrrl\  point  of  San  .loan  llail'oi.  |:nii«|| 
Coliimliia;  lour  llollar^«  piT  foot  ilian)-1il  fiom  any  pniiil  ui  nl  if  a  lino  iliavN  n  from  I'm  I  Aiu^ili  »  li;;lil.  \V.i~iHiii;tiiii 
Tirrilor\,  lo  Uai  o  Korku,  |lriti»li  ("olnmlna;  llirro  iloll  iit  pir  fool  ilrai  ;;lil  from  I'cirl  TownsiMnl  loaii>  poll  .m,  ]'\v,i\ 
Soniiil.  or  I  nc  n  r«(i.  Any  frarlioii  of  a  foot  <i\  it  m\  im  In-,  a  fool;  nmlrr  !«i\  iin  ln't  imt  nmnlril.  lii.ni^l  i  |..l„i 
ino.'iHtiroil  n  lion  \  i-s.srl  ilra\x  h  iiio'«t.  SI  lo  it  hi  vimhiI  Iio  ilriaiiii  iI  in  Port  Ton  iisi'ml  llarlmr  iiioio  I  lian  t  \\  i'itt\  -I'-.m  ljMiir« 
lii'loii'  proii'i'ilini;  In  any  oiln  r  port  on  I'liiji't  Son  ml.  I  ho  pilot  t<i  |.r  pani  livo  ilo|l.ii.«  pir  il.iy  for  o  i  r\  ila>  >  i  ili  i.  n 
lion  aliovo  nanl  Inrnlv-fonr  hmir".  <  liil  »  aril  pilota^o  lo  lio  liso  i|ollar-<  pi  r  loot  ilran;;lil  tioni  I'm  I  I  nnii'.i ml  in  Hn 
sra,  anil  nix  ilollari  pi  r  foot  ilrnnnht  from  aii\  port  on  I'li^it  Sonnil  Iowa.  Diilwaril  hmiml  vi'n.X'l.s  ullom  ,1  |,,in 
ciKlit  hoMr><  il.lonlion  willnnit  rliari;o  for  ih  lay. 

It  is  ri'|it)rt<'<l  (.\ii;;iiNt  I.'i,  isvi)  that  llii'sc  laws  and  rcoiiliifioiiH  an- a  tlt'atl  Ii'ltcr,  Iiinmum' im 
]M'i'.si>ii.s  liavc  •|iialilii-il  iiiidcr  tlic  law  w  liicli  ilnt'.s  not  allow  lialf  |>il(ita;;i'  wlit'ii  vi'.>s!sl'I.s  ili  rliiu' ,i 
|iilot.     TIk>  Nit'toria  pilots  at  prcsnit  *lo  all  tlu;  |iili>tin;;. 

VANCDl  VI'.U    ISI.ANK   AM)   RI  KKAKI)   INI.KT. 
CiKil  anil  liimlirr  ports. 

I'ilntiiijt: — I'ilotagt'  i.s  tomiinlsory.  Tin'  rate  i.s  four  dollars  per  foot  of  diaiiolit,  and  h.iji  latis 
art' t'oiiipnl.soi  V  if  no  pilot  i.s  finploNcd. 

Tiinnai/i. —  In  lS,Si;.  ilic  i'i|o,.t  Sound  tii;;s  ado|ilcd  a  si'licdiili'  of  rates  lor  towin;:  vr>M  !>  iioin 
son,  and  from  Umv  Koc'ks  or  I'ort  Aunfl»'s  I"  tin'  i:oal  an<l  luiiilitr  ports,  hiil  tlitt  rales  air  uoi  ail 
lltTC'l  to. 


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1|IIC'IIIMIs  111:11    .,.  .    ,|,,,,, 


niMTisii  coLimr.iA. 


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iii;;)ir.  mill  li.iH  imIis 


'I'lif  .soiifliiTii  pan  (tf  tliis   tfirjiKiv  was  iiaiiiril    New  <ir(>i;;ia  liy    ViiinuMivt'i 
ic(i'i\etl  Its  |tivst'iil  iiaiiii.'  1».\  (K'cicc  of  the  liritisli  (iiiM'iiiinciii  in  I.S."(S. 

FKASKK   KIVKR. 


ill    171)2.      It 


This  is  one  of  tlio  'fw  jxn'ixt  rivers  on  tlic  noitliwcsl  coast  ol  Aiiniica;  "and  in  |toiiitof  niaj,'- 
nit  Hill'  and  prt'stMit  coniincreial  liniiiirtanic,  it  is  scnnid  oniv  to  tlu-  ('ulnniliia."  (Naiuiouvcr 
Island  I'ilot.) 

'I'lu^  nviT  lias  its  ijs«>  In  llic  KocUy  Mountains,  nearly  live  liiindnMl  iniles  IVoi-;  its  mouth,  aiiil 
inns  in  a  ^^I'lKMiil  soutlu'ily  direftimi.  iicii\  inj;  many  Iriliiitarifs.  It  passes  through  valleys  con- 
lined  Ity  ^iKantic  iimnntaiiis;  with  lai;;c  tracts  nl  country,  rich  in  aj^ricnitmal  resources,  on  either 
side  ot'  them,  it  liecomes  a  iiavi^raliic  stream  ei;;lity  miles  easterly  from  its  month,  at  the  town  of 
lloiic;  lil'ty  miles  almve  Hope  it  rccei\cs  the  Thompsnn  l.'iver.  Steam  lioats  of  li;;ht  dran;;'iit 
reach  Hope,  und  even  Vale,  which  Is  tit'teen  miles  farther  np  the  river,  for  six  or  nine  months  of 
the  year.  With  the  inciting;  of  the  snows,  the  stream  hccomcs  almost  a  ;:rcat  torrent,  with  the 
current  rnnnlii;;  Irom  four  to  seven  luiots  an  hour  to  within  lil'ty  iiiiles  of  the  lutuith,  to  which 
point  at  the  town  of  Laii^lcv  \esscls  drawinj,' einhtcen  teel  ol'  water  may  lie  taken  with  steam 
power.  Within  twelve  to  lilteeii  miles  from  the  mouth  in  a  direct  line,  the  hills  have  decreased  to 
three  hundred  and  two  hundred  and  lifty  feet  in  hei'jlit;  and  thence  to  the  ;;ulfshore  tii(>  land  is 
low.  When  the  main  stream  reaches  tllt^  coast  it  opens  liy  several  channels,  Itut  the  deepest  lies 
lictwi'eii  I'dly  I'liint  on  the  south  and  (inrrti  I'liint  on  the  aorlh  side  of  the  luiMith.  'I'he  ehuiinel 
is  close  under  the  latter  iioiiit,  where  a  depth  of  si\ty  feet  may  he  found.  Thence  it  cuts  its  way 
in  a  south  southwest  diiectioii  tliiou;;li  live  miles  of  tiie  Stiii^con  JJank,  to  theCiiilf  of  (iciiryia. 
At  liie  mouth  on  the  i;ulf  uaviuation  has  tlie  ad\aiila;;e  of  an  entrance  not  olistrin^ted  liy  a 
lireakiiiK'  liar  as  would  lie  if  it  were  cxjiosed  to  the  ocean  swell  and  winds.  l'"or  more  (U'taiis 
aliont  the  river  see  the  N'aiicoiiver  Island  I'ilot. 

At  the  enlrance  to  the,  river  011  the  main  land,  the  iioith  shore  is  known  asdarry  I'oiut.  The 
shores  and  tlu^  land  hack  are  low  and  covered  with  a  ;;riiwth  of  alders,  willows,  and  trees  indi;j- 
ciious  to  the  low,  marshy  soils.  The  channel  under  this  point  is  nearly  half  a  mile  wide.  The 
shore-line  in.side  is  low  and  contiiinoiis,  Imi  the  steep  clay  hanks  aie  tlooded  at  the  lii;;h  titles. 
Tlic  southern  side  of  the  entiaiice  is  I'clly  roiiit,  toiiiicd  liy  several  low  isl.inds  with  narrow 
rlianiiels  lietwecn  them  and  a  liroad  lovvvvater  miid  licacli  towards  the  channel  nnderdarry  I'oiut. 
When  at  the  entrance  a  remarkalilc  solilarv  liiishv  lice  is  seen  on  dairy  Toint.  It  hears  from  the 
.Stud  Head  a  liltle  east  of  noi th  iiorthcasi,  and  is  just  live  miles  distant.  There  is  always  a 
i|ii.iiitity  of  driftwiHid  on  this  point. 

The  Xnrtli  Smiii  lliiul  is  th«'  norlh  point  of  the  hank  at  the  entrance  into  the  dulf  of  (!cor};ia. 
It  is  now  marked  hy  the  la^ihthonse.  The  South  Sand  Head  is  the  southern  point  of  the  entrance 
into  the  ;;nlf  and  the  channel  way  lietwecn  the  three  fathom  curves  is  ahonl  one-third  of  a  mile 
wide.  A  Lightship  was  hirmcily  mooted  oil  this  head,  hut  it  has  liceii  removed.  Inside  of  the 
oiitermosl  pointsofthe.se  two  .sand  heads  there  is  a  dcplii  of  waterof  over  twenty  fathoms,  .so  that 
the  chaiifje  from  deep  water  to  shoal  water  is  vciy  sudden.  The  S(Hitli  Sand  Head  dries  hefon* 
lovv  watei',  and  there  is  freipieiilly  a  rijiplc  over  it  when  it  Is  under  water. 

The  channel  Ihrounh  this  hank  |o(iari,\  I'tiiiit  is  well  marked  hy  ten  huoy.s.  I'.nt  the  Van- 
couver Island  I'ilot  advi.ses  "  .s/rdiij/cc.v  not  In  cutty  irillitnit  it  /H7<'^  ami  certainly  not  under  any 
larcumstanees  unless  the  liuoys  are  in  their  places  lietwecn  the  entrance  shoals;  any  further  de- 
t.aled  directitms  would  be  iiractically  u.seh'.ss;  a  pilot,  the  chart,  or  local  knowledge  is  absolutely 
neccsBary." 


m 


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.'»HJ  r.\nh'IC    COAST    I'll.oT. 

It  sImiiiIiI  Im'  rfinnii.H'ri'il  tliiil  tlif  tlili  ciiiri'iit  from  (lu«  iiv«'r  M»>f.s  to  ili*>  Hoiilluii.stw.n  l  ,,\ii 
Solicits  liatik,  ;tiitl  tlit<  IIimmI  t'liiiciil  tciiils  to  tlic  iiortliwist want  o\ t  r  llic  Stiii;,'t'oii  II.inK 

A  VfSHil  iliawiii;;  liotii  litt»'»'ii  to  hixtwii  IW-t  of  WMter  iiiii.v  filter  llu>  iivt-r  uitli  salrtv  ImH 
tiili'. 

VfusfLs  a|i|iroa(liiiin  tin- fiitraim' at  Nortli  Sainl  llcatl  from  tlu- tlinclioii  of  I'miii  l;.l„ii, 
av4>i(l  UoU'rt.s  LSaiik  l>,v  ki'i-piii^  tlif  wcNttMiiiiiost  part  of  tlu<  ))oiiit  brariiit;  fast. 

M(inTII<H  si;   at   FIfAsr.K    imvku   kntkanck. 

Tlic  t'arl.v  tlitlli'iilty  of  makiii):  tlif  inoiitli  of  tin-  I'liaiiiifl  .no  far  <iiit  from  tln'  slioii'  li.id  luiii 
oliviatoti  l)\  tlic  t'.staMisliiiifiil  nt  a  Li;:lit  ship  olV  the  ciitraiK')',  Imt  tliis  has  Imtm  jm|ir.ni.|  ii|i,iii 
ti\  tht'  liiiililiii;;  of  a  l.i^ht  hoiiM'iui  (he  Ninth  Saml  Head.  Th's  stnirtiiit'  ist'it'cttil  on  t:ir  noiih 
si(h- of  the  nvcr  lu-arlv  our  iiiilc  insult'  the  t'litraiii't',  aiid  a'  .i'a>t  ol  it  the  cliaiiiu'l  caiin^  ll\i 
lathoiiis  ol   v\al«'i. 

Thf  liiiihiiii;;  t'oii.sists  ot  a  licva.onal  wootini  tower  |iaiiiteil  white  ami  forty  nine  l'<  ln^li 
from  its  base  to  the  \aiie  on  the  lantern.  It  i>  Mipporteil  aliove  the  water  on  an  iron  pile  ii>iiii4,i 
tioii.  'Die  illmninatiti^'  app.iratiis  is  of  the  thirti  onler  ilioptiir,  anil  siiows  from  sniiset  in  mhhiv. 
n  Juiit  icliili  Uijht  throii;;lioMl  tlie  entile  iinii/on.  It  waslirst  e.xhiliileil  .Ma,\  I,  ISSl.  fhi  i,ii,,i 
plane  IS  liti.N  two  teei  almve  liie  hi;.'li  water  level  of  the  sea.  L'liiler  orilinary  etimlitiuiiN  ni  il,i 
Weather  it  sholilil  lie  \  isihle  fioMi  a  Ne.ssel's  lieek  at  a  ilislanee  of  twelve  miles,  ami  islliiiilMr 
seen  trom  the  south  ami  western  coast,  Irom  the  Aetive  ami  I'ortier  I'a.sses,  ami  to  the  .siniilm.ihl 
of  i'oiiit  IJoherts. 

The  li^iht  therefore  serves  as  a  fjieiieral  eoast  lifjlit  as  well  as  the  >;iiiil«*  to  the  entrain  (  i>i  ih, 
channel  between  the  Saml  lleails. 

.\  I'liifhill  is  attaeheil  to  the  Iii;.'ht  house  Imililin;;,  anil  is  soiimleil  iliiriii;;  thick  .iml  I'l.:^^ 
weather  iii;;lil  ami  <lay. 

The  appinximate  neot;raphical  position  of  the  Lit,'litlioii.se  is: 

I,;ililii<li- !'.•     Ill    ''I     ii'Ttli 

l.iHiiJIIllil.- l'.';l      I''     I"'     »'•»! 

Or.  Ill  tmif -''   l;l"'  »HM 

III  .lanii.iry,  l^sri.  the  inau'iieiic  variation  was  '-'.'P  •">•")'  east. 

From  this  l,ij,'ht  house  we  have  t".    'ieariiit,'s  ami  ilistaiices  to  important  olijeets: 

rmilt    IvnlMrtc,    WrHllTM     INlri'llllt>.    low S.  T'J         i'..  '.H    lllllr> 

KiiKl  I'uiiil,   Satiiniu   I^luMll I^   ''I      i'-  '-'"    ii>il'> 

Ai  uvr  l':ii.M  l.l>;lil-lii>iiM'.  tMnr);iii:i  I'miil.  wmtli  Milr  cil'iiilrami" S  '.'ci      i;  l.'i  ijiili'.-- 

IVirlitr  I'a>».  iM'tWft'ii  (i:iliiiiii>ainl  VuliU'Z  IhI.iihIn S.  I'.i  W  IJJ  iiiilr» 

(iul.ri.ila  Kirls,  lllark  lli|..\ S"l  \V  1,'iJ  inili  s 

Kiiliaim-  I'laml  l,i(;lillioiiw,  .i|i|iio.iilu'»  III  Naiiaiiiiii N    "T  W.  '.''Ji  mili-- 

TliiH  liiir  |ia.H.si  H  l\Mi  lliiril-  iil'a  niilf  imilliiif  (ialiriola  UiiCm,  at I''l  iinli'.'- 

I'nint  AltiiiiHoii  l.ij^liiliiiiix,  Iliirraiil   Inlit N. ',*•,'  \V  l.'i    inlli,-. 

I'liint  (irrv ,  1111  ilif  saiiir  I  uuiM',  at "     imli - 

This  river  was  iliscovered  liy  Kli/.a  in  17'.H,anil  c'onsiilereil  a  lamilication  of  the  I  JiHi'l.i  >ii' 
Floriil.i  Illaiiea  or  Mimanl  .niet.      It  was  passed  In  Vancouver  in   I7'.»L',  Imt  seen  li\  (..ihni..  .cul 

Valdez   Mion    aftei wauls.     .Mackenzie    exaiiii 1    its    hcaiUpiaiters    in    17!».>.     .\iiil   in    i^l.:  .Mr. 

Fra.ser,  an  a^jeiit  of  the  lliiil.sun  Hay  Company,  traced  it  nearly  down  toils  month;  and  ii'iin  lii.> 
e.xploiation  the  present  name  ha.s  IteiMi  derived. 

7V(/(.v.  Fni.tn-  liir,r  Kntntm  v.— Thi-  time  and  height  of  every  tide  tliroii^'hoiit  I  In m  ii  in.iy 
Ik'  olitained  liom  Ti.le  Tables  for  the  I'aeitic  Coast,  published  ammally  by  the  C.  S.  (  n,i,i  mul 
Gt'oilotio  Survey. 

BURRAKL)  INLET,   BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 

This  extensive  bay  and  line  harbor  has  aci|Uiic«l  a  lai^'c  im|iortaiice  within  the  l,i>t  •■  u  ; 
two  by  the  e.stabli.Nlimi  lit  of  the  western  terminus  of  tli.' Canadian  Pacilic;  Kaihoad  iipm,  n.^ .-.  iiili 
short's.  It  is  the  first  !.'ri'at  harlmr  which  breaks  the  eoiilineiital  shores  of  liritisli  C.ilmiil'i  i  nuiili 
of  the  forty  ninth  parallel.  Tlieciitraiice  is  just  three  mdes  wide  between  I'oint  (Jrey  on  II  •  -niiin 
soiilliea.st  and  Toint  Atkinson  on  the  mirth  northwest.  KasI  and  west  the  leii^'tli  is  fmii  n  •li>  i" 
the  (iist  narrows  in  tli.'  norliiea.st  an^le  of  the  bay,  whence  there  is  a  h>n^'  inlet  one  to  i^^"  "'il'^ 
wide  and   riinniiig  east  southeast   for  twelve  or  lifleeu  miles,     lu  the  eastern  i.ioloiitjaii.Mi  "i  ilii^ 


NlllltlK'il.stU.II   I    .i\,| 

r;;<'iiii  li.inU 

•I-  Willi  salctv    .!  li.iii 

on  1)1'  I'liiiii    l...|.Mt. 

iSl. 


I    tlU'    nImUI'    Ii.mI     Iii'I'Ii 

hfi'ii  iin|ii'>>\<  I  ii|u,ii 

t'I'I'I'Icil  III!  Ilif    linili, 

cliaiiiit'l  I'iiiiii  >  ii\( 

rmty  iijiic   |.  • !  Iii^li 
I  an  irnii  pili   innn,!,, 

Iltll    SllllSI't     to    ^llllIlM 

i.V    I,   ISSI.       I  |.,    |,i,,,l 

iry  eoiiiliiinii^  i>i  iIm 
ilfs,  ami   In  tin  n  Imi 

tllll    to  tllf  Mllli  l|\t.ll<! 

tlif  fiitraip  <  (i>  till 
•in;:  tliifk   iini  i"--\ 


14'  ,Vt    ii.irtli 
:; I-.J, 


nlijrcts : 


'.<'    llllll'K. 

','11     liillo 

V.'l)  miles. 

I.'^  Ilillin. 

I.'i^  mill  N. 

'.'•.'i  mili-> 

i.>5  iiiili'i. 

l.'i    null  ■< 

II       lllll<s 

ion  iil'tlii-  1! 

lllM'l.l  ill 

SfCtI    ll\    ti.l 

l.lllii   .l!ll 

>.     Anil    III 

.  -IJ  Ml 

IlKMiIJi  ;   ,iiji| 

l! I.i 

ll^ilMiiit    till'  ,\i  'I  nil' 
the   I'.  S.  Cn,.-!    iiiil 


tliiii  till'  l.i>l  'I'T  "I 
;ii!i'ua<l  ui'iiii  1'  -  ••'  "I'l 
ntisli  ruliiii,!    I  iii'iili 

III   (ilt'\    nil  II  ■    -"illli 

li'ii>.'tli  IS  ii>ii'  ii;'!''-" '" 

llct     (MM-    t"    '  "    I'lll''^ 

II  itioli)iiy.ili"w  "I  iIji' 


,1111 
t 


l'A('ll''l(;   CdAST   I'IKOT. 

iiili't  is  Toal  llailiin.  alinvf  tin-  lirst  narrows  anil  iiiiilrr  tin-  soiitli  sliori';  Mooil.vvilU- is  on  (In-, 
imiili  slion-  iK-lorc  Macliiii^j  llic  scronil  naiiows;  anil  I'oM  Mooil>  is  at  llii'  licail  ol  tin-  casti'm 
,11111  of  llu'  inlt't.  Till'  iioilli  .•'lion'  ot'tlic  iiilil  has  iU>i'|i  watir  close  iiiiilei  the  northern  shore  line. 
Till-  south  anil  lower  slioie  oil  I'dinl  <lie.v  has  slioal  water  two  tliinls  ot  a  mile  wiile  out  to  llu! 
tliiee  rallioin  eiiiAe;  it  is  known  as  S|ianish  Flat.  The  lilt.v  lathoni  curve  enters  the  liay  anil  the 
ilii'|iest  channel  runs  nnilei  the  north  Nliore  lo  the  llisl  narrows;  cast  of  the  Kjianish  Klattlic 
w.ilii  slnials  to  ten  anil  six  lilt  honis  of  water  o\er  what  is  known  as  l':ii;;lisli  lla.v.  In  the  south- 
I  ;isl  |iait  ol  the  lia.v  there  is  a  shoal-wiiter  sli>u;;li  leailiiin  .sevenil  iiiiles  to  the  eastward,  lint  the 
luini  <;/  I  <i;icii»iY»'  is  locateil  on  the  low  shore  alioiil  three  anil  a  hall' miles  insiile  I'oint  (Irey  iinil 
ii.c  mih'S  east  .southeast  I'roin  Point  .\tkinson  Li;;ht  house,  where  the  anelioraf{e  is  j,'o()tl  anil 
si'M'ial  si|iiare  miles  in  esleiit. 

The  eiilranee  to  the  inh't  is  liatiiiall.v  well  maikeil.  I'oint  (irev  is  a  liroad  and  loiif;  wooded 
{iiviiiiiiitoi.v  terminalin;;  in  a  ronndcd  lilnlV,  anil  is  i|iiile  i'oii,s|iicno!is  Irom  the  .suntliwanl.  West- 
>iiiiiliwi'st  I'liiir  null's  Ironi  I'oiti  .Mkinson  is  liie  sniitheasl  poiiit  ol'  llowen  Island,  which  lies  at 
till' cnliance  to  Howe  Sonnd.  "Tliis  is  a  vet. \  remarkalilc  island,  lis  hi^h.  roniiil,  and  almost  hare 
,siiiiiniit,  Mount  (iardner,  reaches  an  elevation  ol  two  Ihonsand  lour  hnndred  and  .sevent.v-nine  I'eet, 
anil  IS  easily  reeo;jni/'.ed  rroiii  evi-iv   iiuint  ol'  view  in  the;iiill."'     (Vancoiner  Island  I'ilot.) 

Ili'twceii  Itoweii  Island  and  I'nliil  Atkinson,  and  directly  in  the  niiihlleol'  the  entrance  to  liuwu 
Soiinil,  IS  the  small  lint  |ii'oiiiinent  islet  called  rassa;,'e  Island. 

liiirrard  Inlet  is  very  easy  ol  access  tor  vessels  of  every  class.  Over  the  southeastern  half 
;;iioil  anchora;,'e  may  lie  had  insiije  of  twenl.v  falhomsof  water.  N'es.sels  must  not  a|i|iroacli  Point 
iHr\  nearer  than  three  i|narters  of  a  mile  on  aceoiint  (d' Spanish  I'lat.  This  hank  is  hard  sand 
...1  is  iliy  a  Ion;'  way  out  at  low  water.  Its  nnrlliern  ei|i;e  is  steep  to  with  a  drop  to  seven  and 
«i'iii\  laihoms.  At  hi;^li  water  the  existenii' of  this  Hat  wimld  not  he  suspected,  as  tln'ie  is  no 
ii|ipli'iin  it,  unless  Willi  stroiij;  wcsteri.s  winds,  and  then  only  near  low  water.  It  serves  to  further 
|iiiitccl  the  aiicliora;;e  olV  \'ani'on\ci-,  where  there  is  capital  anchura^'e  in  six  and  sevi'ii  fathoms 
111'  water.     iSpriii;;  tides  risr  and  fall  as  much  as  sixteen  feet. 

Hudji  ((//  IIk  Simiiiuli  Haul,. — .Inst  oil  the  outer  eilj,'e  of  the  Siianish  I'aiik  toward  lioweii 
Ul.inil,  an  Iran  Cnn  huni/,  siiniKninliil  hji  ii  kIii,()'  (IihI  (((iif,  the  whole  painted  re/,  has  lieeu  moored 
in  ten  latlioms  of  water  at  the  soiitherii  side  of  the  entrance  to  liurrard  Inlet. 

I''i(>m  the  hiioy  the  follow  in;;  liearin^ts  and  distances  are  niveii  to  prominent  ohjeets :  The  ItluH' 
.It  llie  entrance  to  the  Pirst  Narrows  inside  Itiiriard  Inlet,  iioitheasi  onei|uailer  east  (N  I'l.  \  E.), 
ilisl.ince  lonrand  li\esi\tiis  miles  ;  I'oiiii  .Mkinson  l,i;;hl  hiiu.se.  iiorlh  northwest  (N.N  \V.),distaiu;e 
tun  and  foiirlifths  miles;   Point  (!icy.  south  southeast  (.SSI'}.),  distance  one  and  a  ipiarter  luile^j. 

The  fji'o^iraphieal  position,  as  ;;iveii  liy  tlu'  Department  of  .Marine  at  tUtawa,  is: 

l.aliliiili' I'."    17    II    niirlli. 

I.iiii;;llllil(' l'.';i     I.V  Us'    west. 

It  was  lirst  puhlished  Filuiiary  7.  |s,s.-<. 

When  N'aiieouver  was  approaching'  Point  Atkinson  he  says:  "On  the  northern  side  |i  f  P.iir- 
I. ml  ('anal|  the  rn;r;;ed  snowy  liairier  |of  the  Ca.seai,  .i'anyi'|,  whose  liase  w»'  had  now  nearly 
;i|ip!oaclied,  riKSe  ver\  aliiupll.N.  and  was  only  protected  from  the  wash  of  the  .sea  by  a  very  narrow 
liurdir  of  low  land,"  Imt  on  lus  cliait  he  places  the  ran;;e  in  its  proper  placej  well  hack  from  the 
slinrcs  of  this  inlet. 

I.KillT  llniSi;    CN    I'OINI'    ArivlN.SDN. 

This  li^flil  has  liceii  estiililislicd  for  consi  purposes  ami  to  mark  I  he  approaches  and  entrances 
I't  P.urrard  Inlet.  The  structures  for  this  li-lil  have  hecn  erieled  on  Point  .Mkinson,  which  forms 
llie  northweslerly  entrance  to  P.iinaid  Inlet  and  liiiulish  P.ay.  The  linildin;^  is  a  siiuare  tower 
'landing;  .seventy  feel  alioxe  the  water.  It  is  fiiil.\  nine  feet  from  the  liasc  lo  the  ceiilerof  the 
li-lil,   and   is  p;iinled   while.     There   is  a    keeper's  dwclliii;;,  also  painted   while,  attached   to  the 

IliWl'l. 

The  ilIumiIlatin^'  apparatus  is  cato;)tric  and  shows  from  the  west  liy  .south  ihreefourtlis  .south 
.ilonj;  the  .south  face  of  P.owen  Island  round  hy  the  .south  into  P.iiirard  Inlet.  It  was  lirst 
t'xhiliited  May  1,  1ST."»,  and  from  sun.set  to  sunrise  It  is  a  rirnlrlini  irliih-  liiilit  .ihtnriini  itt  iiitcrralx 
c'/Oiic  («(/(»/(  and  makiiiu  a  complete   revolution   in  two  minutes.     |  I'he  "order"  is  not  spccilied 


I 

1 


in  the  olVK^ial  aniioiineeinent. 


T-"^ 


if",  ii'l^ 

lm%  'is*'' 

mf ' 


.'»N  1  l\(  II  ic    (  <IA>I'    I'll.ui. 

Tlif  local  plane  i.>  il<\  alnl  ihm'  ImiMlird  aiitl   iiiiiilii'ii  Iccl  alioxt-  iIh-  li-vrl  of  Iii;;li  v\  ii,i j 

iiiulri  laxtiialilt'  I'oiiilitioiiN  i>i   till   aliii>>.>|>li(  II'  il  hliitiilil  \h-  mmIiIv  at  a  iliMtanrr  nl  Imiili i  .t 

U'cii  niih'M. 

Wlii'ii  III!'  Ij;;lit  liiais  iioitli  liall'  wr.st  tin-  Mrslriii  nl),'f  ol'llii'  Shiini'tui  Hank  ih  iiisi  .  li  ,,|,.,| 
llifrcrnii'  till'  li;:lil  >liiinltl  nut  lir  iiKniylii  in  lii'ar  til  Mil-  \M'.>twaiil  nl  lliat  Itrami;;  li\  \im|,„. 
tiu'  (iiilt  ol  (irnruia.  an  tliiM  ln-amiK  «ill  onj.v  li-ail  rli-ar  ul  Stuininn  I'laiiU,  nil  ria.sii  1.  ..i 

Till-  p'i>);ia|ilMi  :il  jMisiliuii  of  (lii>  Imlil  is  >;uni  liy  tlic  I'.  S.  ('iia>l  ami  Jifmlitir  Siiim  \ 

|">|||"||' r.>    r.'   I-    iiMiii, 

l."iitiiiiiii' \'j:\    ir,   It    „,.,! 

nr.  Ill  tiiiir •"  1.1'"  II-,'-  7 

In  .laiiiiais,  ISx'i,  tlu-  ina;:iH'tir  vaijalnui  va.s  L'.'i     lir  i-a.^l,  willi  ai    nnnnal  iIiiiimsi   nt  i>  ,, 
l''ioni  rmiil  AtkiiiMiii  l.i^lit  \M'  lia\  v  I  rai'in;:s  am!  ili>tanri'>  In  llir  tnllou  iii;:  iiiijmii'I.imi  i.inni, 

I'lMlll    (ill  \  .   -(PlllllHi  hi    plHIil     |lll||:in|    lull  I      f»     'A'J       Iv  I      Hill.  ~ 

Nmlli  S.iiiil  lii'iiil    l.i;;lilli(>ii>.r.  I'l.iwi  liiMi S   •.\'»  r..  I.",    null  < 

Allivr  I'ilNi.  |.l;;lll   iliiiiv  .  (ii'iil);ili:i  ri.ihl    S    •.'!  K  •.'Tiiiiii.^ 

I'lirlur  I'liKi.,  Ill  l»i>  h  tiiili.iiM"  mill  \iililiv  Ihiiiiicln S    II  W  •."J^  imli- 
tialiruilii  IJi .  I.   Ill.ii  K  lliii.>   >*.;tlj  W  l-Jiiiii|.- 

Klitlulur  NIaliil  l.i);lit  liiiiioi.  :i|i|'liiiirliiK  In  Niiiiiilinn S    I*  W  .1'.'^  iiiili  ~ 

('ii|ii'  |{i>U«'l  (lull-,  hiiiilliwr»l  jiiiiiil  III    |1,,«,  II  l>l.iiiil   S    i;T  \V  ;     null- 

riiiiiaril  liiii't  was  tJic  liinit  nl'  l.ii/a'.s  i'\|iliiiatiiiii  in  I'til.  lie  naini'il  i(  llir  Caii.il  ili  >,i-.,, 
iiial.  It  \ta>  naiiK'il  nnitaiil  Canal  li,\  N'anriuiM'i  in  .liiiu-.  IT'.*-,  rninl  .\tkinsiiii  \\a>  ii.iiiini  i,. 
N'aiK-oiiM'i.  I'lir  till-  tiilf.H  of  riiiiiaiil  Inli'l  I'oiisiilt  'I'lilc  I'liMcs  lot  the  I'anlic  <'ii,i>i.  |iiilili.|iin 
aiiMiiallv  1)\  tin-  r.  S.  Ciiast  iiinl  (ifiMJi'lIc  Hiiivi'v. 

ACTIVK    I'ASS,   UKITISH  COLUMBIA 

Tliis  rliaillK'l  is  o|ii>  III'  tliosi'  iisi'il  li\  \i-ssi-1s  lioiitnl  to  ailil  t'loin  tlM>  <!lllt' of  (iriii;;ia  tVniii 
Victiiiia  ami  l'l>i|iiiMiall,  instiMii  nf  tlir  Canal  ili'  Ham.  Kimn  hisrnvt-rv  Islam!  ilii>  riiin>i' i>i|ii:;i 
oprii  ami  iliiiTt  tliiiiii;:li  tin-  Miiitlii'iii  pait  of  llii'  Caii.il  ili'  Main  I'lir  ri;:lilrtMi  mill's,  tin  n  iliimi.! 
till'  Swaiisnii  (liaiiiirl,  ln'twri'ii  .Miiifsli,\  ami  I'mili'i  Islamls  ami  rir\n>t  ami  Mavin-  l.-l,iiiil\ 
iiim- iiiiirs;  tiii.iilv  llii'iiii;:li  t III- rimiki'il  ami  liair  mill- Willi-  Ai'tixr  I'ass,  tliri'c  ami  a  li  ill  lulNv 
iM-tWfcii  Ma\m>  Islaml  amldaliaiin  I.slaml.  It'lmiiml  to  Fia.siT  Um-r  tin- ili.staiirr  aiiii--  iln  ili, : 
III'  (iriti;:ia  is  I'lrvrii  milrs.  This  j;i\ts  a  total  uf  fiilt\  niic  ami  a  halt  miles,  as  ,i;:aiii-l  Imiv  -i\ 
ami  two  tliii'il>  miles  \t\  the  <'anal  ile  Ham.  Tin-  I'liiieiits  inn  llimii;4li  the  pass  witii  ;:ii.il  vrim 
itv,  ami  .III-  II  le^'iilai.  \«-t  vessels  ma\  sai'elv  t:»  tlimiinh  w  ilh  the  eiiiieiil  ;  lint  in  pasMim  il.i..ii:i 
a;,'ailist  llie  eiiiieiit  a  \essel  ma\  take  a  ilaii;;elons  slmi  Imm  llliilereiuients  or  tmm  iim  '.|iiili  . 
swills,     'riieie  IS  line  \eiy  sli.irp  turn  in  the  pass. 

For  the  approaelies  to  this  pass,  eoiisiilt  the  eliails  ami  the  Vancouver  Islaml  I'lhit, 

TiiK  Arnvi;  pa.-^.s  i.tiiirr  iim  sk. 

Tin-  (lull'  or(ieoi;:ia  eiitninee  to  this  )iass  lias  lieeii  maikeil  li>  a  laylil  house  on  I  In  m.icIiiii 
.ii'.<l  .■.jsteiii  point.  Tlii.s  jioiiit  is  mekv  ami  low,  lieiii;;  not  o\ei  tweiit.N  leet  aliove  the  Malii.'n.i 
the  lami  liehimi  il  tri  the  sniitheast  rises  to  a  hill  >i\  hnmlreil  feet  hi^h  within  one  iiiili .  Tli 
!«iaml  is  eoM'ii'il  with  (iirest  iiees. 

The  liiiijillli;:  IS  a  womlell  sipiaie  towel  Jiaitlteil  white,  ami  rislli;.'  tnltv  two  li<t  liniii  tin 
^rroiuui  'o  the  \alieiin  the  lantern.      Tlnie  is  a  keipil's  ilwelhliL;  .ill.ieheil. 

The  illnminatiii;;  apparatus  is  ilioptrii' ot  the  sixth  miU-i ,  ami  shows  a  ./('./<</  (r/(iV(  /i'//iMiiMiii;;ii 
an  are  from  east  hall  north  ii\er  the  (inlf  of  (;eoij;ia  ami  thmiiKh  the  west  in  the  .\i1!m  I'i" 
roumi  to  southwest  h,ilf  soinh.  The  linlit  wa.--  liisl  exhii>iteil  on  the  H»lh  of  .liim-,  1^^'.  !"■ 
shows  from  siiiiset  to  siinii.s.'.  The  local  plane  is  liftv  live  leet  almve  the  level  of  liiyh  w.i.i.  ;'' 
iimler  favoralili-  comlilioiisof  the  atmosiiliere  slioiihl  lie  visilile  at  the  ilistaiice  of  twelvi  inn- 
The  li;:lit  .serves  as  a  enast  li-ht  as  well  as  lor  the  pass;  it  will  therefore  he  .sfcii  from  tin  nuilii 
entrance  of  th<»  (.'anal  ile  llaio,  the  eastern  lieail  of  I'oiiit  Uoliert.s,  Noilli  Saiul  Hcail  l.i^ln  '"'"x 
ami  vvilliiii  two  miles  of  the  I'lirtic-i  I'ass. 

Tilt-  ;,'eii;;iapliical  position  of  tlie  Li;;lit  lioiuse  is: 

;^,,lil,ii|,, 4*    r.2'  27"  iKirlli. 

^<.ll^illl,l.•    t'^:f    ^'  •'••    went. 

<Jr,iiiliim- "'    i-V'^J^'^- 


Iff  III'  llllllll '  'I  III  ill 


I'l. ink  IS  iiiM  1  li  iiiii 

Immi  III^   U\    \i     -I  k 

nil'     I'lilM'l     l.'l  .  (  1 

it'oilii  jr  Sill  \  1  \ 

■1      1-       llnllh 

.       II          >Ms| 

...  ,r,..  ; 

lal  iIi'i'I'imm'  1.1  11  ., 

Ill;:  liii|iii|'laiii  .    .11 ;. 

1      Ihllr. 

i;.    mil.  ■ 

VT*   Mult  > 

•."•J^  iimIi'.. 

I"»  iiiili". 

.I'.'ll  niili^ 

T,  mill- 

It   llll'  Cail.ll  ill    :-,,., 

klllNDII    \\,l,s   II, Hill  i| 

rilic   Coa.Nl,    |>llllll>ll('l| 

if 

1 

(illlr  (it    (  il'lil  .'1,1    lliilii 
llltl  till'  I'lilll  -.    |>  i{ii;;i 

II  mill's,  I  lull  I  luiMi.l, 
t  ami  Ma\  in  l>l,iniK, 
rt'i-  ami  a  h  ill  iiii!i>. 
^laiii'c  ai'iii->  llll  till  I 
>,  as  ,i;;aiii-l  lii|:\  •;\ 
|i.iss  w  it  li  ;;ii  .il  vrii.i 
lit  ill  pas.siii::  !lii..ii:li 
l.s  or  tiiiiii  iiiii  \|M'i  ti'l 

slaml  I'lliit 


iitiisf  llll  I  III  -i.mMii'H. 
aliovr  I  lie  u  ,ili.|.  '.1,1 
illiiii  mil'  iiiilr.    Till' 

t.NtWii    led     riiilM   llll' 

((/  irliili  liijiii  llitiiii;;ii 
st  ill  till'  .\ri;\r  \'.i'> 
Il  n|  .llllir,  I  ^■'"'.  .11"! 
«'l  III   lll;;ll   "  III. 


.mil 
llit'c  til   l«ihi-  inili". 

.st'CII   tVolll   ll:i'  ll'il'il 

1)1  llt-atl  la;;lii  ii"ii'>'. 


!7     iiiirlli 

r      111      »r:<t. 

1'"  lAI-.a. 


I'ACIKir    CMA.ST    I'll.or.  fiSft 

Tills  |iaH.s  was  iliNcovrrfil  ami  iiiailr  |iiil>lir  li.\  ihc  I'.  S.  ru.isi  Sium'v  in  LnrLS,  altliiiii;;li  ii  hail 
.li.iilillcMs  iH'fii  |>n'viniis|.v  known  to  tli«  llinlsii  |;,i\  ('<ini|iaii,v.  It  nri'ncil  lis  iiitsnil  iiaiiio 
liKiii  ihf  Miivi'.\in;'  sii'iiiiHi' tli:if  tiivi  |,:i.,;,,.,|  ihuin-li;  lull  lnr  sihiic  iiiiii' ilic  i;ii;,'lisli  aiitliiuitii-H 
.illi'cli'il  tJM'  ntiiui   I'luihiHT. 

Ailivr.  I'As.s,  DAY  i;i;a(ii\. 

A  ihiji  liatrnii  lias  liccii  t'lt'ctril  iiii  Hit'  lliili'i  |iris('  licd  nj)  ||||.  wisicin  I'liliaiii'i'  III  llif  Acti\»i 
r,i>s  liiMii  lilt'  Swaiisiiii  ami  'I'liiirniiialir  Cliaiimls. 

Tlif  luilninit,  /i'i(/  is  liniiii'il  lis  iwn  iimI>  v  nalclits  almiit  I  un  liiiiiilnd  >  :iitls  apart  mu'lli- 
I'iist  l>.v  riiNl  .iml  .sdiilliwt'st  In  ut'sl.  'I'lif  Mr.-lri  iiim»|  mrk  is  n.iic  m  juu  water,  ami  liiitli  art) 
iiiaiKnl  liv  i>i'l|».  'riiiTi'  is  a  |iassa;;i'  iiisiilc  tlir  ia--ltiii  siiiikcii  inck.  'I'lii'  vm'sIciii  iiiii'  liasxtTV 
ili('|i  waltT  mi  tin-  Mt'sli'lli  siilf.  It  lit  s  Iwn  lliinls  nl  il  iMilf  siiiilji  li\  fast  rimii  tin'  cxtlrliiitv  of 
lli'lt'll   I'Dint,  wllii-ll  ruilllS  till-  stnillit'in  Inrks    |ii>llil  ul    lln.  wi's'iiii    I'lili.iMi'i.  Ill  llll'  Ai'llVi'  I'ilss. 

Tin-  Wfslfi'ii  iiM'k  iiiu'iiviTs  aliiiiit  mil'  iiml  .i  li.ill  Iri'i  at  Inw  wah  r  s|ii  in-  lalt  >,  ;iiii|  ilic  liciinm 
Is  |iliii't'tl  iirar  its  wi'sti'iii  t'xtrt'inil V.  'I'll.'  Iifiit'on  is  maiir  nf  vmmhI  mi  an  iii"i  pili'  runml.iliitii. 
Till  tliit't'  mm  iiilfs  t'xtt'ml  miwanl  trmn  tlir  mrk  to  t»o  anil  a  hill'  Ici'i  alioxf  Iii;;li  wattT  mark. 
Till'  sniit'i'slinrtiiif  is  nlm'li'cii  I'l'tt  lii'^h,  mikiii;;  tlu'  whiilr  Iiimiiiii  thiil.N  Imii  I'l'i'l  lii;;li  I'l'mii  (ho 
lurk  ami  slio\vin;i  ii  clfiir  l\vt'iit\  two  I'ict  ;iliii\  >■  hjuh  w.iii'i.  'I'll  till'  |i,\  rainiiliil  liami'wmk  of  ihi' 
liciii'mi  iiit'  lixt'il  two  ilisks  niaiii'  nl  shils  iil  il^hl  iiiiL;h's  III  I'iich  niln  r.  haviii;;  tin-  ii|i|ii'iii'iini'i'  iit 
il  ilisiiint'f  III  niiiH'f  ami  lower  lialls.  The  whole  ol  (he  sn|ieisl riietiiie  aliove  water  is  wliitu- 
waslieil. 

riie  ),'('ti;.n'a|ilii('al  |M)sition  of  the  lieaemi  is: 

l.iltlllKll' 

I.iiiiyiliiili'    


I-     .'.II   .Ml     liiillli 

t'j:'.  --'I  ','11    Hi'si. 


AlltVr,    l'A.-<S,    I'll  i  ShlNAI,. 


M 


The  (ioveniineiit  of  ('aiiail.i  Iia.s  estalilLsIn  il  ii  fn/;  si;;nal  at  the  lii^lii  Imiise  sialion  tin  <ieiir- 
uiiia  rmiit  mi  the  smith  |iiiint  of  the  easici     ."iiiam'i'  to  AellM'  Pass  I'loin  tin-  (iiill'  ol'  (!t'm';;ia. 

The  Itell'iy  i.s  a  Mjiiair  nmioiIi'Ii  liiiililiii;:  iiiiiiilcil  ulilleaml  lneatiil  mi  ilii'  i'\  I  ii'iiie  westerly 
|<ait  of  the  |iiiiiit,  alioiit  fmiv  feel  limn  the  l.iulil  Iioiim',  The  Iu'II  is  hiiii;;  in  an  ojieii  |i:ii't  of  the 
lielti.v  I'iieiii;;  .siiiw  aril,  ami  is  alioiii  thiil,\  feel  almxe  liij;li  w.iler  mark.  Il  is  o|ierateil  li.v  mil- 
iluiieiy,  ami  in  thick  and  lo;.'t;y  wealher  it  will  lie  smimleil  liy  uni.sl  niLc  i  niji  li/hcn  snintmls. 

It  was  estalilislii'il  Ot'tolier,  I.S.ST. 

I'ui;tii:k  i'ass. 

Thi.s  is  the  lirst  pa-ssa^'c  northwest  of  the  .Xctive  I'ass  frmii  the  interior  t'liaiiiiels  iimler  tlio 
\';im'oii\t'i' shore  to  the  (iiilf  of  (ieor;;ia.  The  };iilf  eiitraJice  is  fuiirieeii  :iml  ii  iliinl  miles  west 
li.ilf  north  frmii  .Vctixe  I'iiss  Li^^hl.  this  coiiise  passin;.'  almi;;  the  niiiil.\  striil;;lil  shine  ol  (ialiano 
l-^liiml.olf  wliieh  the  Wilier  IS  lite])  ami  willimit  known  siinki'ii  ihiii^^ers.  Il  sepiirates  I  he  iinrih- 
wisl  end  of  ( laliano  Ishiml  from  the  soiiilniist  end  of  V;iliiez  l.slaml.  The  piiss  i.s  s!r;ii;;ht  aii'.l 
nearly  a  mile  Ion;;,  iimtli  nmtiieiist  ami  sonlli  sonlhwest,  willi  lliiil  Isliiml  f.icinu  il  mi  the  sonih- 
West.  It  is  emnpiuativt'ly  narrow,  ami  Ims  iliiii{;i'M  iis  snnki  n  mcKs  nil  the  smiili  point  of  \'alile/. 
I.skind  and  olf  the  mirth  point  of  (ialiano  Island.  The  eiirrenls  are  very  strmi;;,  rminin^  from 
lour  to  neveii  miles  an  hour  with  overfiill.s  and  whirling;  eddies  at  all  limes  in  the  iimllieni  entiance. 
^io  ve.s.sel  except  a  last  sleainer  shonltl   use  it  unless  in  an  emerut'iiey. 

I'"<ir  tIetailH  of  the  diinj;ers,  tides,  iiml  ciments,  see  the  ViiiicmiM'r  Isliiml  I'iloi. 

I''rmn  the  eastern  ciiliiince  lo  I'mtii  r  I'ass  wt-  have  the  l)earin;:s  ;iml  di.slances  to  iiiiportimt. 
olijecls  III  the  (illlf  of  (ieoi;;i;i,  a.s  follows: 


Al'IlM'  I'il.ss  J,i;;lil-li,'.|isi 
Niirtli  Siiiiil  ll.'iiil  I.JMJit.liii 


S.  7)1    !■;.  -^1  niil*''*. 

iii>iiiik~'.iiiii    iitiiii    i.i';iii-ii<iimi' ...........<•••••...•.•-••••■     •'•     I*'       •'■  w.^lMIItS, 

roiiit  Atkinsiiii  l.inlillmii.sd,  liiiiiiinl  Iiilii   N.  It     1'^  t'J,'  mili'.i. 

Uuliriiila  Kt'i'lii  llUck  IJiiiiy N-  H     \\'  ' '*  i'"'''-'*' 

r.AIttUdl.A    lil'.f.K.^    AND   IltilV. 

Lyin;,'  two  in  l^s  out  into  the  Ciilf  of  Ciem^hi  fioiii  the  islets  oH'  the  eastern  part  of  (liibrioln 
Isliiml  tlieit!  is  a  L  ,■  of  daii>,'ers  emiiriicin;;-  snnkeii  ineks  and  some  w liicli  cover  at  half  tlood. 
The  reef  i.s  one  m  .  a  half  miles  Ion;;,  north  and  .south,  and  is  altoiit  onet'onrtli  of  a  mile  wide, 
lusiilc  of  it  there  is  a  deeii  passage  half  a  mile  wide,  Iml  it  isliould  be  avoided. 


\'i 


.  1 

f 

1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

ist; 


TACiriC   ('(.AST    ni,(»T. 


Tlic  north  end  of  tlu>  ivcf  is  luaikfd  li\  a  hlmL  Imnji,  oiitsiiic  nf  wlmh  llic  linttiiiii  di. 
very  siuldciily  to  a  very  tiivat  tlrptli.  Tliis  Imoy  lies  diic  and  a  lialf  miles  cist  noitlifasi  i 
nearest  of  tlie  IMat  Top  Islamls, 

From  it  we  have  the  beariiij^s  and  distances  to  inipoitanl  ohjeets: 


-  .iw.iv 

illl  III' 


Klitriinct'  l>lailil  Light  Imusr,  iiiipriMclni.  in  Naiiiiiiiii)  .       \.  -7  \V. 

rniiil  MkiMsiiii  l.iylit  liiiii-,c,  llimaiil   Iiilrl N.  :;j  i: 

Niiilli  S:iti(t  llc.lil  I.i^til   liiiiiv N.  SI  i: 

Mill  I  liaiiiirl  111"  iiiirlli  iiitiaiiii'  to  CaiKil  ilr  ll:.r<> S.  T.!  I'.. 

Ai'livc  I'asN  I.iglit-lioiiso s.  li:>  1). 

NANAIMO  HAKUOR. 


TJ  miles, 
l-i  iiiilrs. 

I."l|    llllll'N. 

:t:ij  iiiilrs 

V-.'     Ill  Urn. 


I  nil  III- 

h.-.l  In 


Tills  liay  lies  on  tlie  eastern  main  shore  ol'  Vaiieoiiver  Island  at  the  iiurthwesteni 
chiiniiels  leadiii;i  fidiii  the  Canal  de  Ilaro,  parallel  with  the  inain  shoic;  and  il  is  i 
these  ehaniiels  or  li_\   the  route  tliioiii^h  the  (lull'  of  (lem^ria  and  oiilside  the  islands. 

We  liter  more  esjieeially  to  i'  heeaii.se  it    is  here  that    lai;,e  supplies  oT  eoal   Im    ili    |'„    ,. 
(oast  are  olilaiiied  and  used  1)\  all  the  \essels  ol  these  waters.      Lai  t;e  ipianlilies  are  als.. ,    |,  n, 
At  present  it  is  the  hesl  eual  on  this  pail  (U'  the  coast. 

In  leaching'  the  hailior  riiMii  the  (liilf  ol'  (;eiii;;ia  tin-  approaciies  are  seven  and  a  1.  :  in  ,. 
to  the  iioitlieast  of  the  hay.  The  tnrniii;,'  point  is  at  the  I'.ntianee  Island  I.i;.;hl  lionsc.  \  ,  i,.  , 
hroad,  open  ha.s  stretches  to  the  .soiuhwesl  and  aioiind  the  northw  est  end  ol  dial  inla  Ul.iini  in 
the  east  southeast.  The  hay  itself  is  coniparat  i\  cl.\  small,  alllimi^li  at  hi;;li  walei  ilie  i  \irii«i\i' 
llats  to  the  sontheasi  ni\eil  the  appearance  ol  >  lai'fje  liay.  rioteelion  and  Ncwiash.  M.,;  ,^, 
lyiii;^  a  mile  oil  the  main  slnne,  hirm  the  lia,\.  in  w'.'ch  tlieie  is  liiniled  anchoia;:c  in  iiu  ihmv 
fathoms  of  water.  The  liottom  is  uneven  :  some  sunken  loeKs  oceiir,  and  the  anchoi.mi  immi  i1ii> 
riv«'rs  Is  so  eontraeted  that  M's.sels  must  moor. 

There  are  h'.ioys  to  mark  the  a]>proaches.  aiitl  full  details  ar«^  given  in  the  \  ainoiu,  i  M.i,  ; 
rdot. 

Pilots  are  to  III    found  here  to  lake  vessels  in. 

The  distance  t)f  the  hay  from  lliiliance  Iaj;lit  lioiis(<  is  live  aiid»a  hall  miles,  ami  iln  uiihi.l 
direction  tsoiithwest. 

NANAIMO    KNIKANCK     I.SI.ANl)    I.IUIIT  III  H  SK— A  IM'KdAClIlOS     I  O    NANAIMii    II AKIHU;,  V  A.Ni  ol  Vli; 

ISI.AMI, 

This  li;;lit    has  been  estahlislied  to  indicale  the  cut  ranees  of  Nanaimo  llai  hoi  ami  i 'r|iartiiri' 
r»ay,  and  for  the  ;,'eneral    purposes  of  iiav  ij;al  ion.      Ills  placed   ii|ioii    llic  small,  lou   isl  ii,l.  «|iirii 
isthiilv  feet  lii;;li,  Iviii;:  a  little  mole  than  liaila  mile  north  norllieas'  from  I'ciiv  I'mnl.  ilic  imilli 
ernmost  eviiemity  of  (lahriola  Island.     The  strneliire- is  a   sipiaie  vmhuIcii    Iowc;    paiiil' il  «Ii  : 
and  lil'ly  feet  liij;li  I'loiii  the   lias"  to  the  vane  cm   the  lantciii:   lliere  is  a   keeiiei'.s  dueih;  .■  hh - 
attached. 

The  illnminatinK' apparatus  is  caloiitric,  and  the  focal  |daiie  is  sixty  live  feet  ahove  il^  I.hiIuI 
hijili  \vat''r.  It  was  first  e\liihiled  on  the  Sth  of  .liiiic,  ISTC,  ;ind  shows  fiom  miiis.  i  tn  -uiii;m  i 
Juiiil  iihilr  li;ilit,  which  should  he  seen  at  a  distaiici' of  join  lecii  miles  under  I'avoi.ilijr  ..  vi  ;•'  - 
lit'  the  atmosphere. 

The  p'o-iaphical  position  of  the  Li;,'iit  house,  as  delermimd  h.v   ilie  1.  S.  Coasl   ami  ' 

8111  V(y,  is  : 

l.illitii.lc I''      >'-'     •'■     '""'I' 

l,..nKiliiil.' I'-'      '-     •'■'     "'-I 

Ol.lMlillll' '"'     '■'       '■'      ' 

From  this  I,i;,'ht  house  we  have  the  hearings  and  distanees  to  the  following;  Impoii.ii.      ini- 

I'oiiil  AlKiiisi.ii  l.igliMiiiiisr,    llMiiaiil   liilii    '^      '"  •'  ■-'•-'.  li'ill- 

Niirlli  .S.iml  lliail  l.iylil  liDiisi.  h'lariir  liivir ^     ~'  '■  '-!,■>   "• 

(ial.li.ila  KiflM  Itl.iiU    Itii.iy     f^-     ~"  ''•■  *«  ""I'  ' 

Nriilliw.si  I'.iiiii  i.r  (i..l I  i  Maiiil •'*\\'-  i  ^^'-  -»iiiii'- 

The  usual  spelliii),' of  ihe  name  i.s  Nanaimo,  hut  tiial  hesl  representing  the  I  iidin  "HH'l '" 
Nail  \  11'  moll. 

I'-oi  t lie  tides  at    Nanaimo  Haihor. suit  Tide  Taldes  of  the  Pacilie  Coast,  imhlis!-!  ■!  .h 

allv  hv  Ihe  I'.  .S.  Co:i,s|  and  Geodetic  .Surv(\v. 


^^^^^mm 


I    III!'    Ixilldlll    (Iln;..   m  I 

f.lSlllDrllliMNl     I   ,1 


\v. 

•h  mil 

(■>» 

I'i  mil 

'S. 

l.'il  mil 

'N 

:t:ti  mil 

rs 

•J-i    mil 

ff* 

liortliwcslci  II  1  l.ij  ,,1  III, 

v;  ami   ii    is  i.m.  i  m|  ;., 

Ill-  i>l;iliils. 

s  n(    colli    lor    I  111     i',|iii||. 
IlltilU'S  iilc  :il>.i  1  •  ji-  II, 

I'  seven  mill  ;i  I,  ri  imi,. 

'1     I.i;;llt    ll(lll«e,    \>  111  lin   ,1 

ml  III  ( li.ii ii,|,i   IxI.iihi  I,. 

Ill;:ll   Wiilci    I  he  I    /i  ii>>  I 
ami    Ne«r;i>lii     l-l.,;: 
aiielldl.lj^e  III   I, I  .1   ;,.  ~ 

I  liie  aiii'iiiii.i;;,    III  11  I  . 

Ill  tlie  \  iiiiciiiiM  I  1-1.1, 
lit'  miles,  ami  lin  ui'in!. 
Ill  llAKimi;,  \  AN'    '  vi 

ID  llai  lull  ainl  I  ii  ;  ,i:    ' 

small,  liiu  I  .l.i!,,i,  uL. 

Ml   I'ei  I  \   I'njiil,  llii'  Iml' 

!eli    liiwec   paihl'  •!  wh:- 

kei'liel'.s  (Iweiiiiij   im,- 

Ve  I'eet  al)ii\e  1 1.,    I.'iil 
lliim    sllllsel     til    ^IIIIIIM' 

miel  r.i\iiiali|i'  I'liiiitltiii'i- 
'.  S.  ('nasi    ain!  i I' 

'.I       I'J      II.      Ip.llh 

.;     1-    III     >M-i 

-  I..     I  .    ; 

i«  III;,'  iiii|>iii  i.iii    .1.  II  !■ 

-  I'       ■-'•.' 'i 

r    i;,     •,•■'  • 'i  •- 
:    i;.      :( mii.- 

,      \V.       -Jt  mil. 

iiliii;,'  llie  liiilin    -•■liiiii  < 
I'  Coasl,  |iiilp|i'-!-i'l  .iiiiii' 


^3 


rACIKIC    I'OA.SI     I'll.dT. 
FAIUWAY    «1IANNKI„    IIKI.I,  IH'OY. 

A  /}<•//■/* HOt/ lias  been  placed  in  the  Isiiiwa.v  Clianiicl  hi  Kepaitiire  Hay  ami  Naiiaiino  llarlior. 
It  is  tliivc  miles  Mtiitli  west  by  wesl  half  west  (SW.  by  \V.  A  \V.)  tniiii  Kiitiaiiee  Island  Li;;lit  house, 
and  tliice(|uarteis  of  a  mile  southeast  by  east  half  east  (SIC.  by  K.  .j,  K.)  iVoin  the  south  en<l  of 
Iii^^hl-house  Island. 

The  depth  of  water  was  iu)t  Kiv<'"  i"  the  piii.ted  imtiee  to  iiiariiiers,  but  the  above  bearings 
locate  the  buoy  near  mid  eliaiinel,  where  there  is  a  ileplli  of  fourteeii  lathoiiis. 

Fdinriti/  Cluinml. — A  thirilcln.ss  UUtcU  cnn  Ihkh/  has  been  moored  in  three  and  a  half  fathoms 
t>r  water  on  the  tail  of  the  shoal  stretchinj;  IVom  the  soinherii  poim  of  L:;;ht  house  Island  into 
the  Fairway  Channel  lieiween  that  Island  and  tiie  iiorlh  end  of  (ialiriola  Island.  It  is  four  cables 
.southeast  b\  east  half  east  (SF,.  by  i;.  .\  !■;.)  from  l,i^;litlioii.se  Island. 

A  tliird  ildxx  hltuk  cdH  liwitj  has  liecii  placed  olf  the  extreme  east  jioint  of  .le.s:;it(  Island  at  tlii' 
norlh  side  of  the  eulranee  to  Departure  I'.ay.  It  is  moored  in  .seven  ami  a  half  falhoiiis  of  water 
one  and  a  ipiarter  cables  eastward  of  the  island. 

A  tliini  class  nd  cnn  hiiny  lia-t  been  mooretl  in  three  and  a  half  fathoms  of  water  on  the  shoal 
iiiaUin^'  out  from  tlu'  north  shore  of  Departure  l!ay  lowiirds  the  IJIack  Islands,  where  the  channel 
is  very  narrow. 

A  /////■(/  class  block  can  huinj  has  been  moored  in  three  and  a  half  fathoms  of  water  olV  tlii'  foul 
;,'iiMiMd  inaluiiK out  from  llorswell  Hliilf  at  the  northeast  point  of  I)i|iarlure  l>ay.  The  buoy  lies 
one  and  two  thirds  cables  from  the  shore. 

Inner  Channel. — A  third  cUis.s  liUicI;  can  Inimj  \\:\n  been  nionred  on  the  east  side  of  the  Clarke 
1  locks,  which  lie  on  the  W(st«'rn  side  ol  the  inner  channel  lielwceii  the  Clarke  1  locks  and  the  West 
Kocks.  >'o  depth  is  {.;ivcn.  This  channel  is  the  iieUK'st  to  the  shore  and  leails  into  Dciiartiirc  Bay 
from  the  north war<l. 

( November  L'.{,  1.S.S8. — "It  will  be  noticed  that  the  eolorinj,' is  not  in  accordance  with  the  liules, 
and  tlie\  will  probably  remain  so  unlil  l.ir^croiies  re[>lace  them.") 

Sailinj,' vessels  iia\  iy;aliiij;  the  western  slioics  of  the  Ciilf  of  (!eor;,'ia  in  eleai' weather  have 
no  troiitih  if  there  is  plenty  of  wini  bill  they  must  avoid  j;ci  liii;^  too  «'hise  to  the  shores,  where 
llie  ciiireiits  rush  jiast  its  precipitous  <'lills   villi  ;,'rcal  vilocily. 

In  l.S.')><,  while  surveyin;;  in  this  vicinity,  the  Coavi  Siumv  llii;;  Fanntlcrnii  with  thirty  v\^^\\i 
lalhoms  of  chain  at  her  bows,  dril'led  in  a  calm  daii;;eioii.-i\  close  aloiij;  the  shore  for  .several  miles 
ami  \N ithiii  eifihty  yards  of  the  rorl>\  elilfs  berore  the  anchor  liroii;;lil  upon  the  bottom.  In  one  or 
I  w o  insianees  during;  this  drift  the  lead  would  indicate  bottom  in  ten  fathoiuo  and  the  next  cast 
would  give  a  dei»th  of  Ibrty  or  tifly  fathoiu.s. 

ADMIRALTY  INLIiT,   PyGET  SOUND,  AND  HOOD'S  CANAL. 
GKNKUAI.  lJi;sCliIl'rioN. 

Uiuler  specMai  names  the  },'reat  body  ot  water  now  known  to  the  commercial  world  'inder  the 
{,'eneral  desi;;natioii  of  '•  ru^^el  Stiniid"  may  lie  dcsei  i'led  as  a  sci  ies  ol  \  isl  iiiteiior  canals  ;;i\  iiig 
iiiisurpaNsed  facilities  for  iiavifiiation  iii  the  \eiy  licail  of  ,i  pio.speinii-.  seciinii  of  the  eoimliy,  and 
li.ixiii;;  iiroail  and  free  eomiuunicalioii  w  illi  llie  ocean,  and  wilii  Hi  ii  isli  Colnmbia  iiml  .Vlaskii 
ili:'on^h  their  similar  ,syst«'ins  ol  inleiioi  channels, 

"  l'u;i;el  Sound,"  in  the  broad  aeccplalion  of  the  term,  lies  between  latitudes  IT'  (»,{'  and  4S0 
II';  ami  between  loii^ritudes  lliU^^  ID'  and  I'-'.T  Ht', 

Admiraliy  Inlet,  Mood's  Canal,  and  I'li^t'l  Sound,  have  an  a;;mc.uale  siiore  line  of  not  less 
llaii  nine  hundred  and  eif,dit  statute  miles,  and  Possession  Sound  iwo  hundreil  miles,  yet  the 
iiiimlierof  dau^ters  known  to  e.xist  in  them  is  ieiiiaikabl>   few. 

»)ne  of  the  inlets  or  arms  »d"  I'ujjet  Sound  reaches  uilhiii  two  miles  of  the  head  of  Hood's 
Canal,  and  betwi'cn  these  heads  lies  a  lar;;c  Like.  The  sonlhein  walers  ol  lliis  .sound  are  also 
vMthiii  sixty -live  miles,  in  a  direct  line,  of  the  Colninbiii  liivei.  al  ihemonlhol  theCowlil/,,  which  is 
liftytwo  miles  from  Cape  Disap|iointmeiil,  and  v.ilhiii  live  iiiiics  of  the  headwaters  of  the  Chehalis 
River,  which  runs  into  (iray's  I5ay. 

Itetween  these  waters  ami  the  ocean   to  the  westward   lie  the  >;reat   masses  of  the  ()lym|ius 

KaiiKc,  whieli  has  its  southern  tiank  in  (he  latitudeof  17  ^  Id'.     Toll astward  of  theSonml  is  the 

lolliii},',  wooded  country  lyinj;  under  the  western   Hank  of  the  Ca.scade  l{ant,'e.     Jnsi  inside  the 


:.  ;^(: 


fiSS 


I'Aciric  roAsr  rii.or. 


V.  u 
( 

1 

i 

■ 


fiLsl.Tii  sIkuvs  art'  tin- cxtcnsivt'  ilcposifs  of  n.al.  The  wlinl,.  ic-ioii  to  lli..  lll(.llllt,lill^  m,  .iiW 
si.l.' is  n.vnv.l  with  a  .Iviisc  j.'l<.\vtli  ,.r  Ilir  ••<  >tv;,'..ii  piiir,"  wliicli  is  cul  ilili.  Imnl.cr  ami  ,|,||„,',.,] 
to  all  parts  of  tin-  world  in  inarvcloiis  t|iiaiiiiiics.  ' 

Tli(>  coniiffiioii  of  tlif  wati'is  oC  tiiis  soiiml  with  llic  oc.mh  is  dircrlly  tliroii;,'li  ili,.  Km., 
Strait,  fi;;litv  milts  in  h'ii;;tli  (Voiii  the  ••ntraticc  to  Ailiniralt.v  Irilcl, 

r.iit  tlifsc  waters  liavc  a  still  wiilcr  ami  inur-  iiiip<Mtaiil  nlatioii  with  tlii«  ('(miiliis  i,,  ii,,, 
iiortliwcsl,  ill  iH'iii;;  the  soiitliciii  liiiiil  of  a  sci  ics  of  t,'irat  straits  or  iiilci  ior  canals  iracliinu  ,„|i,,, 
iiorlliwost  as  far  as  the  iiarallcl  of  liliyiiim  ili';,'n'cs.  These  straits  pass  lietueen  ilir  nHiiin,  ,|||i 
sliores  and  Vaiieoiiver  Island,  thence  tliroii;;li  deep  and  Inoad  cliannels  pictecled  liom  ih,- i,i,Mii 
swell  to  the  sontlierii  li(iiiiidar\  of  Alaska,  ami  thence  lo  the  heail  of  (  lialhaiii  Simii,  TIum. 
j;reat  ehaniiels  of  ship  coinmiinicalion  lie  ^eiieiallv  parallel  with  the  island  outer  c<(a-i-.  .nnl  |||,. 
continental  shores.  Oidv  in  crossing,'  (^)iieeii  Cliarloiie  Sound.  MMliank  Sound,  and  ilir  li,v,!| 
llnli.incc  is  a  vessel  in  si;;ht  of  the  I'a- Hie  Ocean,  and  then  lint  for  a  few  miles.  Tli,  m  ^||.,|t, 
lieiii;^  Will  III  fiiim  the  ocean  are  much  le>s  Milijecl  to  fo;,'s  than  theo<-eail  eoasl. 

I!\('i\  siin.iie  mile  ol  tlir  lands  lioiileiiii;,'  thesi-  stiails  is  coxcred  with  loresi  ini^  uihivvir 
the  shores  are  not  loo  piccipitoii>;  and  il  is  hi;,'hl\  prolialde  that  there  is  untold  imin  i.il  uiiiih 
thioii;,diont  the  re^;ioiis  traxersed. 

AIlMIIiAI.IV    INM'.T. 

This  jin-.it  strait  eomineiiees  at  the  soiithea-teiii  i  \treinitv  of  the  Strait  of  I'm  i  lutwnii 
rt»iiit  I'artrid-e  and  I'oint  \\'il>on.  hoih  alicad\  discidicd.  l''roiii  the  entrance  ii  iiniNin.i 
{lelieral  southeast  by  east  diicction  for  twililN  two  miles  to  lictween  Ska^'it  Head  ainl  I'liini  N,, 
Point,  and  then  in  a  ^.'ciieral  sonthern  diieriion  lor  tliiiiv  si\  miles,  to  the  .south  end  n|  \  .\^\m, 
Island.  l"or  this  whole  leti;rth  it  hasan  axcra^re  lireadthof  three  and  a  half  miles;  ami  iiiiiiiiiniis 
hroad  liianclie>  liom  it  on  lioili  sides  loini  other  .^traits,  channels,  hays,  and  hailiois. 

.\t  sixteen  miles  from  the  eiitraiu'c  to  the  inlet  a  ^reat  arm,  called  Hood's  Canal.  i>pi  n-  iii.iii 
the  western  side,  and  runs  .•>j\ty  miles  south  \>\  west,  with  an  avera^re  width  oldiw  .iimI  .iLiii 
miles.  rweiilyfive  miles  tVoin  the  entiMiice  ol  ihe  inlet  another  arm  opens  on  the  c.isii  in  mi|i, 
runs  iiortli  and  nm  iliui>i  lichind  Whidliev  l-laml.  loimiii;:  I'osscssion  Sound,  I'oi  Is  ( Lndmi  .iim 
•Siisaii.  etc..  and  Ic.ids  on  lo  the  Strait  of  I'lici  throiiuh  1  ticiptjon  I'asn.  at  the  imi  ih  cihI  ni 
Whidhe.N   Mand. 

At  the  south  end  of  \"ashoii  Island  the  rii,.et  Sound  of  \aneon\  er  coiiimeiicc.-> ;  th.'  ( li.iiiiiils 
are  decreased  in  »iuth  to  one  or  two  miles,  Init  ihcv  raiiiil\  li\  ei;:ht  piiiicip.il  arms  tliiMii;;li  :iii 
area  of  twent>  t«o  milis  sipiarc.  The  extnine  noiihwestern  arm  named  ("asi-'s  Inlci  ic,irlii,< 
within  \\\n  miles  of  the  head  of  Hood's  t'.inal.  .lllil  liclwceti  them  lies  compai  at  i\  cl\  lou  \:\'>w,;i', 
and  a  lai;re  lake. 

The  shores  are  ^eiiei.illy  sti'cp  clilfs.  ran;_'lii;;  from  litt\  loli\e  hiindreil  feet  in  In  i^lit.  wiili 
their  faces  l,c>pl  liii^ht  li.\  the  j^i.idiial  wiMiiii;;  action  of  t  he  w. iter,  and  their  lops  co\  i  le.)  uiii. 
trees  and  I  hick  lllidei;:io\\  I  h  to  their  \ei  \  ed;;es.  i'liel  e  is  .so  III  lie  It  s.iineness  in  I  lii'  .slim  rs  lli.il  it 
I'eipiiies  some  acipiaintaiice  \mi1i  ihe  dilVctciil  points  to  reco;:ni/.c  llieiii  liy  llieii  tiilliii;:  pec'ili.iri 
ties.  'I'he  depth  oi  \Nalci  in  the  channels  is  reiii.ii  k.ilil>  UK  il  :  it  re, idles  one  hiindrci!  .i  :i|  iotU 
nine  fathoms,  and  pcih.ips  a\ei.i;:es  one  hiimlied:  ami  il  .s  soiiicliiiics  dillicnll  to  find  .n  ■  iii>ri::i' 
8iil1icieiill\   far  from  tin'  shore  to  alfoid  km  mi  for  jieltin^  under  nay  \utli  a  laij^e  sail  ii;;  v  ■    •■ !. 

.M.ins  superior  hailiois  are   found   in  e\  cry  diici'iion,  ami    besides  the   usual   selllciiii  i  i^  ii  i 
new  coiiiitis.  thiixiiiL,'  towns  h.ive  spriinu   up  willi    the  development  of  coal  mines,  shiji  iniiMm:. 
and  the  eiioi  moiis  liimbei    iiitei  isis.      'I'lic   tr.iiiseoiiliiienl.il    lailioad    h.is  lis  li'iiiiiiiiis  at    I  n  " 
with   ''leiisions  to  .Seattle  and    «>l\mpM.aad    piospective   extension  lo  I'oll  Towii.seiid,      llii  iii 

poilance   of   these   dc\  elopmeiit  s    and    thi'   el rel.illoiis  with    the  waters  of  Ihe  t 'ollllii'lil  KlVil, 

<ir.i\'s  llaiboi.  ami   Sho.dwatei    I'.av.  I'.i  it  ish  < 'oliimbia.  and  Al.iska,  niiisl    be   m.iiiirisl.    n.il  li.n.- 
deeply  iiiipies.^ed  lis  since  our  lilst  evploialioiis  in  these  waters  in  l.S."»J. 

Ill  tiaversiii;,'  these  w, Iters  by  steamer  or  siilin;;  vessel  the  ^kmI  snowco\ciccl  '.eiiiitaiii 
lUilNses  of  the  (Hyinpns  l;.tii;,'e,  lislnu'  to  more  ih.iii  ei;;ht  thoiis.ind  feet,  are  \cr'  coiispiei;eiis.,iiiil 
in  llood'sCanal  theyalmost  ovcih.in;:  ilsweslern  shore.  The  snow  jicaks  of  .Moiinl  llaK.i.*  hit" 
the  iioith,  and  of  .Mount  Kainiei.t  to  the  east,  risiii;:  thoiis.inds  of  feet  above  the  general  .  le^tllllv 


•Till'  Mniiiafi:i  iM  ('.mil. ■to  nf  Cili.mn  iiii.l  V.iM.  /.. 

tL(H.ill\   kiii.vMi  a'*  .M.Miril   l:ii.iiiiii,      Tlie  liiilnm  iiiiiin'  m  Tuglioiiiu. 


Ilic  iiKHiiitiiiii^ ii)„,f 

inli)  Iiiiiilii'i-  ami  ,|ii|,;,,i 


I'cll.V    tlintii-h   III,.  |. 


III'.: 


illi  (1m«  (•(iiiiiiii.  s  to  III,, 

ii|-(Mli:lIs  rcicliili;;  lull,,. 

In't  Wi'CII    lllr  rdlilllll'lll,! 

Mdtci'IcU    1111111  Ilir  iiriMi, 

Clialliiim  Sii.iit.    Tli.v 

;ni(l  (iiili'f  cii.i-ts  am!  ii,,. 

Sdiiiiil,  ami   ilic  hivi'i 

rw   mill's.     'I'iirv,   Mi.ii', 

coast. 

itil  liiicsl   tires  w  luirvit 
s  llllloltl     lllllll  l.ll    Wi.lllll 


Sdiiit  of  I'liia  lulwirii 
I'  (Milraiicc  II  1  nils  III  ,1 
i;;il  Head  aii'l  I'l.iiii  N,, 
tll«'  soillll  rliil  <>l    \  .i>li.iii 

all'  null's;  aiiil  iiiiiiii'ii'iis 
Mid  iiarliDis. 
Idod's  Canal.  o|m  :>-  ii|..>:i 
widlii  i>\  iiiir  ami  .1  L  >' 
|icns  on  till'  I'.islriii  Mill', 
iiliid.  I'olls  (ialiliin.iMil 

1S>;.  at     till'    lliil  ill  rllil  III 

oiniui'iii'i's;  tlh'  I  ii,i;i!h'!> 
iiii'i|>al  alius  tliiiiii;;li  :iii 
led  Case's  liili'l  nii'li" 
oiiiparal  i\  i'l>  U'w  ■^inui.t. 

[red  fi'ct   ill  lii'i;.lil,  \\v'.. 

.    Illcir    tO|l.s   ro\  .{111  «;■ 

iK'ss  in  till'  .-lioii--.  ili.ii  ■' 
i\  llit'ir  ti  illlii::  |iri'iili,ir 
<  onr  liniidii'il  ,iuii  lull 
illiriili  to  liiid  ,imliiir,i:i 
a  l.ll';,'!'  sail  ii;;  \  i  -^il. 

(•     IISII.ll      Ml  lllll|l'lll>  I'l    I 

•oal  mint's,  -.liii.  IhuMih. 

ils   tCllllilllls    .11      I    II  "' 

'ol  t  Tow  iisiinl        I  III 
s  of   till-  (  'cilllln'  I  I   I.'  >   ■ 
I    he   iiiaiiili  s!,   ii  il  i'l* 

snow  cox  I'li'd   I liii.i  ■ 

ire  \cl\>  i'oM.-|iiciiiiil'*.illi'i 

of  .Moiiiil  llaki  I.'  Ill  I" 
i\»'  till'  p'lii'ial  .ii'illii"' 


i'acii'h;  roA.sT  I'lt.or. 


S89 


I 


of  flio  riis»?iul(>  Moiiiitain.s,  art'  impressive  IValiircs.  Tlii'  foniici'  monnfain,  occa.sioniilly  in  ri.sililo 
.ictivil.v,  is  ten  llioiisaiid  seven  linndred  ami  ninel.v  feet  lii,:,'li,  and  the  lath  r  niDiintain  is  fourteen 
lliniisaml  four  linndred  and  foitv  four  feet. 

.\diiiiralt.v  Inlfl  >\as  di.seovered  by  (^hiiinper  in  17!l(»  from  liis  aticlioriiKi'  in  Tort  DiHcoverv, 
and  ealled  tlic  Canal  de  Caamano.  It  was  ilioroii^dii.v  exjiloied  li.v  N'aiicouver  in  l7!tL'.  In  I.SIl 
il  «as  evamini'd  l>,v  tlie  Cnited  Slates  i;.\[doiin^,'  Kxpeilition  in  ;,'ieafer  detail.  The  lirst  work  of 
ilie  r.  S.  Const.  Survey  wa.s  in  1,S."»L'. 

AnMUiAI/l'V   ni'.AD. 

A  ve.s.sel  fjin'ntr  iido  llio  sonnd  from  the  Strait  of  Knca.  when  olV  New  Dmi^oiic.s.s  Lijjhtiioii.so, 
■;ees  ahead  Hie  lii;^li,  liii;,dit  clilVs  lielween  I'oii  Uiseo\eiy  and  Port  Towiiseiid,  and  Hie  Inoad  side 
III'  WliidlifV  Island  lie_\oiid.  There  is  lillle  or  no  si;;n  of  a  passaj;e  in  that  diieetion,  lint  wht'll 
shr  isei;;hl  or  tell  miles  4'astwaid  of  New  l»nn;;i'iiess  the  eiitraiKie  to  ,\diiiiralty  Inlet  opens;  tlio 
iii;;li  jioiiil  to  the  north  ward,  crested  with  trees,  is  l'artvidj;e  Point,  the  low  point  with  a  cluster  of 
white  hiiildiiifz.s  to  the  south  is  Point  Wilson;  and  diieetly  ahead  is  a  fompaiatively  low,  treele.s.s 
lieailland  stamiiii;^  out  fairly  well  to  the  west  ward,  with  lowland  and  water  directly  lichind  it, 
hut  the  hi;;her  w led  lands  beyond. 

This  headland  is  .\dniiralty  Head;  it  lies  live  and  a  half  miles  east-southeast  from  Point 
Parlridfre  and  just  inside  the  entrance  to  the  inlet  or  sound  on  the  eastern  shore;  and  it  is 
directly  opposite  the  entrance  to  Port  'I'ownseiid.  it  i-  a  nearly  \eitical,  rocNy  clilV.  ei;;hty  feet 
lii;.di,  staiidin.ij  well  out  at  the  extremity  of  the  Inoadly  trianuirai  point.  The  .  .ea  of  the  summit 
is  limited,  and  marked  by  the  cluster  ot  white  I,i;;hl  house  buildings;  it  falls  away  to  the  nortlito 
low  marshy  j'ronnil  ami  a  lar;:e  laj;oon.  Towards  the  west  noil h west  the  shore,  alternately  cli'tls 
mid  low,  riiiiK  nearly  strai^cht  lor  live  and  a  half  miles  to  Point  Parlrid^^e.  Inside  <>f  jt  the  low 
Itebbly  beach  at  ils  base  sweeps  to  the  northeast  for  two  miles,  j;radiially  cnrvinj;  eastward  and 
finally  .southeast  to  form  AdmirnUtj  lloij.  Pehind  this  lieacli  for  two  nrles  from  the  head  is  a  jarj^o 
la^riMiii  more  than  half  a  mile  wiile;  behind  that  the  land  rises  and  is  wooded.  Admiralty  Hay  is 
fiiniiid  by  a  >;real  sweep  of  the  shoreline  tbrmiii;;  a  st  mi  ciicle.  with  a  diameter  of  more  than 
three  miles.  It  is  only  used  occasiiiiially  for  ancliora};e  Just  to  the  east  northeast  of  the  Liglit- 
lioiise,  where  the  bottom  is  hard  and  sandy  in  irrcjiiilar  ridj;es.  and  with  depths  of  (iftcen  t(i 
tweiitylive  lathonis  of  water.  Il  is  an  nncomfortable  ancliora^,'e.  for  it  is  open  (otlie  full  sweep  of 
the  .southea.sters;  ami  at  all  times  the  current  is  running;  out.  This  current  is  so  stroiij;  that  even 
in  the  Numiiier  winds  a  vessel  rides  to  it.  With  the  wind  from  the  southward  she  lies  in  tlio 
troiifih  of  the  sea. 

Sailing'  vessels  do  not  approach  this  head  or  Atlmiralty  P.ay,  liecaiise  in  ealm  weather  they 
eiieouidt  r  the  stront;  and  irregular  eurreut.s  near  il,  or  they  may  be  t'lnbayed  umh'r  the.  ea.steru 
shore 

THE  LIOnTIIorSK   ON   ADMIKAI.TY  HEAD. 

Tills  i.s  a  seeondiiry  seaeoast  li;;hf.  The  structure  consists  of  a  keeper's  d\V(>lliit<;,  with  a  low 
M()uare  wooden  tower  rising:  tliroiifih  the  roof  at  the  south  eml;  Hie  tower  and  dwcllin;^  aro 
painted  white,  and  the  iron  lantern  siirmoiintin;,'  the  tower  is  painted  black.  The  height  of  tho 
tower  from  the  base  to  the  focal  plane  is  forty  one  feet» 

The  illuminating'  apparatus  is  of  the  loiirlli  order  of  the  system  of  I'lcsncl,  and  shows  a  fixed 
irliitrlit/ht.  It  was  lirst  exhibited  ■lannai.v  'J(»,  l.S(il,aiid  shows  riomsiinsei  tosiinrise.  The  eleva- 
tion ol  tlit'  focal  plane  above  the  mean  le\cl  of  the  sea  is  one  linndred  and  ei;;'lil  I'eet,  and  under  il 
favorable  tstate  of  the  atmosphere  it  should  be  seen  I'idiii  a  height  of — 

III  liTl   III   ;i  ilisl.iiiii'  111'  l.'i.ii  iiiili'n. 
•Jii  I'lTl   .11  .1  illshiiiii'  lit  IT.l   mills. 

The  geo;;raphieal  position  of  the  Ia{,dit  house,  as  dcti'iiiiincd  by  the  IT.  S.  Coast  Survey,  is: 

Ulilll.l.' I-      II'."'    I'.l    Ml  liullll. 

l,iiliKitii.l« 1'""  ■<"'  ■■'  ■"  ">'-'■ 

Or.lntinii' '■"   H'"'  l-i^^l- 

III  .laniiary,  1.*<,S.">.  the  niaj^nelic  variation  was  L''J  '  ."..">'  east,  and  the  present  yi'.irl,\  decrease  is 
W.Ci.     The  maximum  variation  was  i cached  about  ten  xears  since. 


This  litjht    illuminates  an  arc  ol   two  hundred  and  sevciity  ile;,M'ees  ol 


the  h 


on/on, a 


lid 


J. 


'(     1 


B 


iinands  Admiralty   Inlet  and  the  approaches,  and   looks  directly  np  the  sound  and  into  iloud's 


L 


'     F 


i  1 1 


I  i<t 


W' 


i     I 


II 


^i 


590  PAriKir  COAST  pilot. 

Caiiiil.     It  soos  Nt'W   Dmint'iiscs  Li;;lit  lioiisf.  hut  Smitli's   Islaiul   l.i;,'!it!iou.mMs  lii«l,|. ,,  h\  |v,„, 
l'artri<lp>, 

ridtn  tliis  Li};lif  liimso  we  liavi'  tlic  biariii^s  ami  tlistaiiccs  to  iiniKHlaitl  olijccls: 

rarliiil^i'  I!. ink    Itlai  U  llimy N.  Td  W.  -'iiiilr- 

I'liMil  l'ailiiil>;i'  Kill   liimy N.  Ci-  \V.  r.j  niili- 

Niw   l)|lM;;rlii'xs  l.i^lll  liiillsi- S.  7J  W.  Ii'm  mil, , 

roiiil    Wilsiiii    LiL^litliiiiisi' s.  ;,7  \v.  ;'Jini|i. 

Knl  SiaKi' l,i;;til  nil  riiiiil    Maiiii«sloni> S     II  W.  :;iiiiil,v 

l'iiiil«i  allii  r  lilicll    lllai  k  lliiii.v S.  :ti;  i;.  I','(iiiil.  , 

I'liiiii  Nil  I' liiii   l.i'^hi  liiiiiso S.   ir.  K.  l."i(  jiiil,  . 

And  tins  I  iiiM  ^.'  I'MH^r^  iiviT  llii>li  I'll  ill  I  at x    iiii!i . 

A(lni;ratt\  Head  is  laid  down  with  liltlo  iiroiiiiiH'Mcc  on  N'aiiconvci's  cliait.  Ii  m>  ii;iiiu,j 
Iki'd  I'diilV  li.\  tlii>  I'nitrd  Stall's  l'',N|iloriii<r  l''\|i<'dilioii  in  isil.  Imt  it  lias  now  no  roln!  iiiNii::,v>t 
tlu'  apiH'liation.     It  is  now  Uiiown  to  navi^jators  in  ilicsi'  wains  as  Atliniiallv  Ilrail. 

I'.rlwtcn  Adniiraltv  Head  and  I'oiiit  I'arti  iduc  tlicrc  is  a  slij:lit  irrcdin;:  o|  tin- vjhmc  t.nlie 
liortliwai'd,  and  a<  two  and  two  lliiids  miles  from  tin'  l,i;:lit  lionsc  llicrc  is  a  Incakiii^  ilnwn  ni  ili? 
clilV  to  a  low  sa^'  in  ilif  land,  wliicli  is  (Vet'  from  woods  lor  a  mile.  This  is  known  ;is  /  „)/■>  l.iid 
iiKj.  and  a  Imat  can  land  on  tin*  licacli  in  <M'diiiiir\  wcatlit'i'.  Small  srlioon(>is  ran  ainlnir  nil  ii,e 
laniliii!;  I'li  trn  to  liliccn  railioms  of  water  om>  third  of  a  mile  from  tin'  shore;  lint  ilic  luiiiiui, 
tlrops  oil  Middeiily  to  thirt,v  and  forty  fathoms  in  a  Iitlleovcr  half  a  mile. 

rOKT   TdWNSKNI). 

This  eapaeiitiis  and  lieaiUifiil  liarlmr  is  very  favor.ihly  sitnatod  at  tlio  sniithcasti  in  tniiinj 
tioii  ol'  the  Sliail  of  I'imm,  at  the  outlet  of  the  waters  of  Admiralty  Inlet,  l'ii;;rl  .'^niiini.  ii,, 
and  in  proximily  to  the  <.'.reat  lali>rinth  of  inland  waters  thenee  tliioui;h  Itiitish  (  eluiiilu.i 'miit' 
latitude  of  lift>  nine  di';;ree>  in  Ahoka. 

It  lies  well  |iroteeteil  iii>t  Inside  the  entrance  to  Adii  !rally  Inlet,  now  aliiioNt  iiiinii.;ii;) 
known  as  "  l'ii;irl  Sound;"  the  iioints  »)f  the  I'litranee  to  the  staind,  Point  l'arliiil;;r  ami  I'  ■ 
Wilson,  lia\e  alieaily  Iweii  descnltetl.     See  |ia;;es  ■'i.'tl!,  ■'j.'iS. 

The  jioiiit   on   the  opiiosite  side  ol'  the  inlet   and  directly  faeiiiK  into   Port    Tuun-i ml  \<  M 
mirally  Head  lieaiiii;;  north  litty  seven  «lei,'rees  east  (N.  .'"iT  '   1^.),  distant    three    iinl  ;i   'ImhI  ii,.V> 
from   Toiiit    WiUon.     From   Marrowstone  I'oint  it  hears  noitli  foiii teen  dejiiecs  \wsi    S    li    v 
distant  three  miles.     The  latter  point  is  descrilied  on  pajje  .">!•;{. 

The  cntianee  to  the  harbor  itself  lies  lietweeii  Point  Wilson*  and  MarrowslniH  I'miit,*  In' 
latter  heal  ill},'  south  seventy  de};rees  east  (S.  TIP  K.),  distant  three  and  live  ei>;!itlis  i:r  li  >  irniiilrf 
former.  Ins  de  of  the  line  lietweeii  Point  Wilson  and  Marrowstiiiie  Point  the  width  ui  Ilir  i'r: 
is  contracted  liy  Point  Hudson,  which  lies  south  thirty  decrees  east  (S.  .'.O^  K.)  one  ami  iimii:1.L« 
miles  from  Point  Wilson,  ami  south  civilly  seven  decrees  west  (S.  ST'^  W.)  two  ami  Inn -Ml;.* 
mih'sliom  tin'  eastern  extremity  of  M.iriowstone  IVniit.  Prom  the  entrance  line  ilir  ihul  riiiMul 
diieetioiioi  the  port  is  neailv  south  >oiilliwi'st  for  three  miles,  with  an  avera;;e  wnltii  •!  luini.iis, 
to  abreast  the  most  westerly  imb  ntation.  and  then  soiilheasl  half  .south  forthiee  ami  i  l.aH  Hii'S 
with  anavcraue  width  of  one  and  a  (piarter  miles. 

The  shores  of  the  port  aic  moderately  liit;h  brifiht  «'lins  with  some  break. Inwn-  Tin  -li- 
mits are  covered  with  finest  trees,  except  near  the  town. 

Point  flinlsnn^  is  a  broail.Iow  yravel  spit,  stivK'liin^'  out  a  <|narterof  a  mile  limii  ;t  li.-jln  H' 
of  till-  town  of  Port  Towiisend.  Part  of  the  town  is  built  on  this  low  poini.  ami  !■.■  iiM"ni 
house  is  situated  but  a  shmt  distance  from  III.'  wharves.  .\  lar^e  sawmill  is  on  tin- ■  Mnr  ;  ' 
the  point:  extensive  wharves  project  from  the  Iront  i.flhe  town  into  deep  water,  ami  lain!  -  - 
readilv  and  safely  m.id.'.  A  .|naiterof  a  mile  olV  these  wharv.s  there  is  a  deep  ,  liaiu..  1  rari>  u 
ten  to  sixteen  fat  lionis  of  wal«r,  thron;;h  \shich  the  eiirreiils  ran  with  (•onsideialil-'  ■'InDi'  " 
the  mirth  side  of  the  point  the  three  fathom  lim- cMciids  oiil  over  half  a  mile  Im  lu.  ■  Ji: 
mile  to  the  nortli\vest.  . 

Within  reeeiil  years  a  shoal  has  made  out  two  hnndred  and  fifty  to  three  hiimln     .aiils  I'l:.' 

o\'  Point  llmlson. 

•.Va.iMMl  l,>  Vaiininvrril.  \-^i.     On  .. in- iil, linn  iif  lln-  iiiajiM  „l  llir  I'.iit.'.l  Stairs  llNlilmni;:  Iai  n  H"  I""' 

|Miint  i<  lalli-.l  piiiifl  i'arriill  :  ami  i>ii  aimlln  r,  I'mnl  K'niu^nM 
tNaini-il  lij  till'  liiil.il  Stali'H  i;\|il">riiiK  K\r.  ililimi,   l-ll. 


'J 


J 


*,!.• 


ioimy  is  liiiMi'ii  In  [>|i,, 


iint  (il 

ijccls: 

\v. 

-t  mil 

'•• 

w. 

r.i  „Hi 

w. 

\i\'i  mil 

■^. 

w. 

:U  mil 

s. 

\v. 

■■■■i  mil 

■H 

i:. 

iJi  mil 

"*. 

i;. 

l.'.f  mil 

"    mil 

^ 

■'S    Clllirt.         l!      «.,N    ,|;|,,,„ 

s  now  IK)  iiiim  1,1  ^11^ ,,.,. 
niltv  Misiil. 
■rdili;:  i>\  I  III'  nIioiv  \.,  i,, 
.s  a  lircakii.u'  ilnwn  i,|  ;;, 
is  known  as  /  ;,(i/\  /„„, 
iitiicis  can  aiii'hcii  nj)'  ■;, 

If  sliorc ;   liiil   tlir  JMiiiiii; 

r. 


flip  sonfli(<a<triii  tniiinj. 
Inlet.  l'll;:.i  .-^..iinij,  ,i.,. 
;ll    Itriti.sll  (   n|i,iul.|,|  l,,;i,,. 

t,  now  aliiiii'-i  iiiii\pisill\ 
'oint    rarliul;:r  uml  I'mii;; 

ito  Port  Tiiw  11-1  iiil  |N  A'i 
It  tlll'cc  -Mill  ;i  Miml  iiiiV- 
I  «lc;;rccN  wrsi    N.  1 1    U,, 

(1  Mari'owsliiiii   i'liini,'  'iio 

li\('  t'ij^lltllS  111  Ir.s  Ilnlll  'm 

•oint  tin'  width  111  llii'  l'"r: 
itr  K.)  one  ami  lnrn-l/b 
i"'  \\ .)  two  aii'l  livr  r'i:li:!.» 
|-aiit;c  line  Ilir  miil  i-u.u,>' 
ix'cra;,'!'  w  iillli  hI  iHiiiniii'S 
I  I'oi'tliii'c  ami  .1  liaH'iiiK'S, 

nc  lircakilii^^  n-.    Tlif  miih- 

('  a  niilc  tVom  •iii'lut'lirltf* 
iw  poinl.  ami  tlif  rii>ii'iii 
mill  is  on  tin- 1  \ih'iiiii>  "l 
icp  waliT.  I'll  laiMliii::  '* 
is  a  (lci'|i  ill  ii.!iil  riirivn; 
ronsiilcialil''  i-liirlt>  "lI 
'a  mile  till'  li\'  ■  luliil""" 

flircc  Inimlf  i  \,iiils  i;'iri!i 


l!\|iliiiiii;:  l'.\| 


,  iIi.-Ij'I" 


I'ACiriC    (OAST    I'll.oT. 


I'OIX'I'    III  ItSON    I.KillT. 


r,[)i 


A  li.tril  ml  liiilit,  It'iis  lantern,  lias  lieen  siis|ieii(le<l  iioni  an  ai'ni  on  a  wliile  post.  Tlie  jmst 
IS  Iwehe  leet  iiil^li,  and  the  li;;lit  is  about  twelve  leet  aliove  sea  level,  ll  is  situated  aiioiit  live 
\aids  inside  llie  liinli-water  entl  olllie  luiiiit,  and  Point  Wilson  laKlitliou.se  hears  nortliwesi  tlirec- 
■  liMilers  north  (N\V.  ,'  N.),  distant  not  ijiiite  one  and  three  ipiaiters  miles.  It  was  estahlislied 
Ihieniber  17,  1SS7. 

I'liinI  lliiilsoii  Hitiiy. — To  mark  the  outer  ed^'e  of  the  shoal  which  makes  out  iiorthninthwe.st 
IVom  the  extreiiiit.v  of  Point  llnd.son,  a  ral  spur  hian/  I'l.rlv  feet  Ion;;  and  niimliercd  "2  has  lieen 
placed  ill  twenivf'onr  feet  of  water,  it  is  almiit  two  hundied  and  lilly  .vaiiis  north  iiorllicast  fioni 
the  iiiuli  water  end  of  Point  lliidson.  Point  Wilson  I.i;;litliiiiise  hears  IVoiii  il  northwest  three- 
ipiarlcis  noi  ih  (N  W.  I  N.),  distant  a  Ml  tie  more  liiaii  one  ami  tlireeei;;lillis  miles. 

P.ctweeli  Point  Wil.soilillMl  I'oiiit  Hudson  tin  re  is  a  deep  l)i;,'ht,  the  lililll  shore  recedllifr  half  ii 
mile  westward,  and  c,irr\iii;;  deep  water  l.ir  more  ihaii  aipiarterof  a  mile  inside  tlie  line  of  tlio 
poiiils,  except  iic.ir  Point  llmisDii.  'I'lie  not  tln\  est  head  of  Mai  rowstoiie  Island,  on  the  eastern 
sidi' ol  the  iiay,  is  a  hi;,'ii,  liri^ht  clav  clilV.  lermimitin;;' al  tlie  noillieast  in  lliclow  Marrowslone 
I'liinI,  and  na  the  southwest  in  a  low,  narrow  sand  spit,  one  mile  loii^r,  masking;  the  entrance  to 
Kilisiii  Inlet.     This  spit  inns  nearly  sonthsniitli  west. 

Parallel  with  this  part  of  the  port,  and  under  the  southwest  jioint,  there  is  an  opening;  and  a 
<:liannel  thronj;li  shoals  into  Kilisiit  or  l.nii;;  Harbor,  on  winch  lies  the  western  shore  of  .Marrow- 
stone  Island.  At  lii;;li  water  this  harbor eoiniiiiiiiii,'ates  by  a  crooketl  lioat  channel,  six  miles  hni;;, 
with  ( >ak  ('o\e  at  the  southward. 

On  the  northwest  shore  of  Port  Townseiid  there  are  two  lines  of  low  beach,  each  three- foil  it  lis 
toonr  half  a  iiiile  in  extent,  with  a  hi;;h.  steep,  bri;;lit  clitf  lietween  them. 

The  aliandoned  military  ]iost  on  the  e  ill,  t  «o  and  a  iialf  miles  siiiith-soiithwest  from  the  town, 
commands  one  of  the  most  beautiful  views  in  all  these  walers — havini;  the  clilfs  anil  varied  shores 
of  till!  bay  on  cither  hand;  Admiralty  Head,  six  miles  distant  ;  in  the  middle  distance,  several 
iiiodcrately  lii;;Ii  wooded  rid;;cs ;  and.  in  the  backj;ronnd,  the  snow coveicd  doiil)le  snimnit  of 
.Miiiint  liaker,  ten  tiionsand  seven  hinnlred  and  ninety  feet  hi;,'h.  The  miMith  of  the  crater  is  dis- 
tinctly visible  on  the  side  <d'  the  main  peak,  and  at  times  emits  va.st  voliinics  of  smoke.  .Aroiiiit 
liaker  rises  I'luiii  and  above  the  dark  and  rocky  erestline  of  the  Cascade  Pan;;*',  and  the  lino  of 
perpetual  snow  on  its  western  think  is  live  thousand  three  liiimlred  ami  forty  two  feet. 

h'lilii  I'tiiiit,  on  the  west  side  of  t  lie  liay,  and  within  one  and  three  fonrlhs  miles  of  the  head,  is 
a  low  point  pitijeciiii;,'  a  '|;i,irter  of  a  mile  liom  the  steep,  hi;;li  hill  side  out  into  \cry  deep  water;  it 
lies  south  by  east  (.S  by  K.)  tliice  and  live  ei;;htlis  miles  from  Point  Hudson.  Flalf  a  mile  smith  of 
Kala  I'oiiil  a  small  stream,  called  the  Chimikim*  Cieek,  opens  between  two  lii;;'.i  and  steep  elilVs; 
I  lie  shoal  water  lies  a  i|narter  of  <i  mile  outside  this  month. 

Wtiliin  I'itiiit  is  a  \eiy  low  and  marshy  piojeetiiMi  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  hay  and  stretches 
a  (jiiarter  of  a  mile  oiii  into  \cry  deep  water.  It  lies  south  tweiityfonr  de^jrees  east  (S,  2P  K.)  two 
and  thice-fonrths  miles  troin  Point  Hudson.  lietween  it  and  Kala  Point,  on  the  wfstern  side,  Iho 
hay  is  a  mile  wide,  and  till-  depth  of  water  toiirlcen  and  lilt  ecu  fathoms.  o\cr  soft,  sticky  bottom. 

The  head  ol  the  bay  is  \  isible  from  Point  llmlson.  over  Walaii  Point,  and  is  distant  live  and 
a  ipiarler  miles  in  a  strai;;lit  line.  It  is  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide  between  the  lii;;h  el  ills  on  the 
east  and  west,  and  bold  water  continues  to  the  licail.  In  the  southwest  an;;le  there  is  a  shoal- 
pocket,  formed   by  a  low  and  very  narrow  spit  one    hird  of  a  mile   hiii^',  with  a  rocky  islet   at  the. 

eiitrai In  the  southeast  anjrie  there  is  a  narrow  cliannel  oiieniiiK  int"  '^  lar;;('  Hat,  mostly  hare 

at  low  water,  iiid  bounded  li\  a  beach  iiearh  one  hniidri'd  \aiils  across  and  half  a  mile  loii^s  wliicii 


separates  Port   T 


IW  iisend   from  Oak  ( 'ove. 


\r\ 


iss  lliis  bear 


h   there  is  a  porla^je  freipiently  used 


liy  the 


Iiid 


laiis. 


Vr.ssdi  liDHiiil  into  I'lirl  'rDinisiHil  from  the  Sliail  of  Pnea   iiiiist    keep  clear  ot   the  rocky  shoal 


ilV  the  noithcrii  side  of  Point  Wil.smi,  but  as  sonn  as   Point    Hudson   is  opei 


I'd  bv  Point  Wilson 


the  latter  ma\   be  passed  within  one  hundred   iuid  twenty  vards  with  a  depth  of  twenty  fathoms, 
hard  bottom  ;   Ihroiiuh  this  deep  channel  a  strong;  eiirreiit  inns.     When  abreast  of  Point  Wilson  a 
steamer  should  steer  southeast  b\  sonlli  to  clc.ir  the  shoal  ;;ioi:ml  to  the  northwest  of  Point  Hud 
s(Hi  ;   but  a  sailing;  vessel  may  keep  a  little  inside  this  coi 


*  t'lii'iii  leliiim.  I  111'  nan I"  llir  \  illayr  w  liicli   liiliin;;ril  In  a  siiia 

frum  llH  ni'Igliliiiin,  ami  akin  lo  ilir  (jiiillilnitrN, 


I'se  until  within  one  half  aniile  of  Point 
II  liilii'iil'  Inilians  ililli  I'in^  I'lilii'i'lv  in  laii^iia^n 


if 


•I  41 


i  it  'M 

Ml  I,'  I 


y  :0'' 


i}i' 


I 


t 


i 


ll 


592  PACIKIC   COAST    I'll.OT. 

Hudson,  and  tli.n  {riiidiiall.v  kc.-p  awav  about  on.-  loiiitli  of  a  mil.)  from  tlic  slioi..  jn  r,,„,,  hv,,,,, 
ton  fatlioms  ol  watorov.T  hard  Itottom,  and  as  tlio  |ioiiit  ojumis  run  <|uil<' ilosc,  will,  tii.  miihi,,,, 

wind  .liri'cllv  otV  short',  to  save  makinfj  a  tack.     Thrro  is  a  dt'pth  of  ten  to  liltc.'u  lull ^  ;i  |j,||,, 

mon-  tliau  an  .'ijihth  of  a  uiiU'  otl'  sliorc.  Kc.-p  ah.iin  alM)ut  half  a  iniii>  to  thi>  suuih  >,.mi1i„,.,1 
paralh'l  witli  the  citv  front,  and  anclior  an.vwht'n"  otV  the  wlnirvcs  in  ten  to  twelve  lailioms.  in,,!  , 
fourth  of  a  mile  di>tant.  In  winter  anchor  farther  out  to  elear  I'oint  Hudson  in  ^'itim,' ii:i,|,.i 
way  witli  a  southeaster. 

When  a  sailing;  vessel  is  j'omin};  down  the  sound  hound  into  this  port,  with  the  ciiiiint  ,|,i, 
she  sliould  pass  .Marrowstoiu'  I'oint  nearly  tlnee  quarters  of  a  mile  l)efore  headin;,'  in  lor  lliii<i»|.. 

and  NO  avoid  a  very  stroiij,'  eihly  which  «-omes  out  of  the  hay  alou;,'  and  under  the  lii-h  v| •  vv,.J 

of  this  iioinl.  If  the  wind  lie  li;;hl  and  the  eM)  current  stronj:,  jiass  the  point  (piite  <I(im.  i,.:  nm 
ah)n;;  the  outside  of  the  current  rip.  and  try  to  jjet  upeu  the  mid  clnmnel  hank  as  mpoii  ,is  |ii,ir!i 
cable,  to  avoid  beinfj  set  u|>  the  s(Uind  by  the  next  tlood. 

In  summer  sailiii;:  ve.  sels  not  emplovinj:  tnjjs  will  frequently  drift  about  the  eiiir;iiir,  im  ihiu 
witluMit  a  breath  of  wind,  and  in  very  stron-,'  currents.  In  winter  the  .southeast  slorins  \,\„\\  vm, 
Kreat  violence  in  this  hifih  ]alitude,anil  a  vessel  must  move  to  an  anehora;;e  under  llie  <liiK  ciin,,. 
old  military  jiost  to  ;;et  a  comfortable  lierth,  in  ten  fathoms  of  water,  soft  liottom. 

The  iiii.lthiinnil  lunik  l>cs  upon  and  even  ont.side  of  the  linejoininji  I'oint  WiKson  ami  M,nio« 
stone  Point.  Within  the  ten-fath(un  curve  it  stn-tches  halfway  from  the  ba.^e  on  .M.u  i  .,«>!,, :„. 
Island  towards  I'oint  Wilson,  and  the  least  water  found  upon  it  is  tive  and  three  I'ouriliN  (.iiliiuhs, 
The  bottom  is  clear,  hard  sand,  and  was  formeily  a  lishiny:  fjround  of  tln^  Indians.  Nmlli  nf  ihjs 
bank  the  depih  drops  to  forty  fathoms  in  a  <|inirter  mile,  and  the  currents  are  slroti;,'.  Tin  miii. 
(•liannel  depth  liet  ■>  een  Marrowstone  I'oint  and  .\diniralty  Heat!  is  si.xtyonc  fathoms.  mimI  In  iwiiii 
Point  Wil.-on  and  .\dmiialty  Ileatl  fortytoui  fathoms. 

Itetwcen  tlii>  bank  and  the  shore  of  Point  Wilson  and  Point  Hudson  the  chaiinel  li;is  ,i  ili  pili 
of  twenty  seven  to  lirteen  fathoms  of  water  o\er  hard,  sandy  holttun  ;  tlieiu'c  thioii;;li  iIim  miililli 
of  the  bay  the  depth  ranjjes  from  ten  to  sixteen  fathoms,  ami  deep  water  is  carried  <  In-i'  in  lin' 
shores,  except  under  thi'  spit  of  Kilisul  Harbor. 

The  ;;c()^'raphical  position  of  the  station  of  the  U.  S.  Coant  and  (leod»'tic  Sum  .\,  cm  ilir 
extremity  of  Point  Ilud.son,  is: 

l,:ititllili> 4S'     (17'    eti"./    linrlli. 

l.iMij;itH(li' Iv.".'     41'  '.'.>'.-  wisi. 

Or,  ill  tiiiif ^''   111'"  .'iT'.?. 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  Point  Hudson  is  oidy  I'"  l.V  west  of  Lafayette  Park  .l^llllll.l|ll 
leaf  station  in  San  l''iancisco. 

In  .Januarv,  IS.s."),  the  nia};netie  vaiiation  of  Point  Ilnd.son  was  21!°  35',  with  a  yeail\  iIimumm 
ofO'.ti.  J  he  nuiximnm  eiUit«>rly  variation  hail  lieen  reached  about  ten  years  since,  ami  iIh' v. in  i 
tion  is  iu)w  de<'rea.sing. 

TIIK   TIIIKH    AT    I'OINT   III'IISON. 

The  Corrected  Kstablisiiinent,  or  mean  interval  '<et  wi'cn  the  time  of  the  moon's  iraiiM'  nicj  :Im' 
lime  of  liij,'h  water,  is  W'V'  iS'".  The  mean  lise  and  lall  of  tides  is  live  and  tliice  leiiili  h<\.  ,.i 
spriiijrtides  six  and  Ihreetenths  feet ;  and  of  neap  tides  four  and  Ihrecteiith.s  feet.  The  im  iimIim 
lion  of  the  Hood  is  «j''  ;il"'.  and  ot  the  ebb  ."i'' .">l."".  The  mean  ditVeience  between  llie  cmrecii  il  r.-Ml' 
lishment.sof  the  a.  in.  and  p.  m.  tiihs  of  the  same  day  is  L"'  L"J"'  for  lii;,'h  water,  and  u''  .r.  lui  l(.« 
water.  When  the  iimoirs  tleclinalion  is  (greatest  thesedilVereiices  ate  I'' .TS'"  ami  (»'' 'JT'".  iv-|mm|imIj. 
and  when  tlu-  moon's  <leclinalion  is  zero  they  are  "''  Ht'"  and  d'' L'tt'".  The  mean  ililh'iein  >  ,iilni;;lil 
of  tln's«  two  tides  is  one  and  one  tenth  feet  for  the  lii;:h  waters  and  four  and  six  tenths  h  .  i  imilii' 
low  waters.  When  the  inoonV  declination  is  the  greatest  they  are  six  tenths  of  a  foot  anil  -'vn  '"l 
three  tenths  feel,  and  \slien  the  iuimui's  declination  is  zero,  <ine  anil  foiirtenths  feel  and  "i''  :i  ' 
four  tenths  feet.  When  the  moon's  declination  is  gnatesl  and  noilh  the  two  hij^h  wafts  uf  ib 
day  follow  the  moon's  iqiper  transit,  respectively,  by  about  (!'' S"'  and  l.V' ■'"iC."' ;  andwli>ii  i^w. 
est  and  south,  by  about  P'  .TO'"  and  IS''  .Tl'",  the  height  of  the  two  being  about  equal.  U  h' ii  iln 
moon's  declination  is  zero,  and  passing  from  north  to  south,  they  follow  the  iiumhi's  i msii  l'\ 
about  V'  !>'"  and  I.V'  ."..V",  and  the  lirst  ri.ses  about  one  and  four  tei  :hs  feel  higher  than  ti"  -■I'l'""'! 
When  the  moon's  declination  is  zero,  and  passing  from  south  to  noith,  the.s  follow  il,rMiH.iii> 
tmiisit  by  about  l.'i''  L'tt    and  ](!'■  .!,V".  ami  the  si ml  rises  higher  than  the  lirst  by  the  s, i|ii;in 


«  sliorc  ill  In, 111  liv,,  |„ 
iosc,  Willi  till  Miiiiii,,,. 
iriccn  riitlioiiiv;  ;i  ijiii,, 
i  IIh'  sdiiili  M.iii)i„|.<, 
wclvc  lailiiiii,,.  ,,ii,i ,, 
Isoll    ill    1,'ftliii,' 1,., 

with  till'  i-illii  Ml  , !/. 

iuliiif,'  ill  for  tliiiii«|.. 
r  the  lii;;li  vliui,.  vvi  si 
111  (|llitt'  cliiNi.  Id:  II, h 
allU  lis  MIOII   ,|s  I'lMrtl 

flic  <'llll;ill(i-  |iili|;iu 

I'ii.'sl  sliiriMs  liliiw  vii 
iiiHlcr  tlit>  ('IiI)n  III  III,. 
ttoiii. 

1  Wilsnii  aiiil  M,ui,i« 
has)'  on  M.ii  i,i\\>i,,ii,. 
lirt-c  I'oiirilis  r.u liiiihs, 
(liaiis.  Niiitli  1,1'  liijs 
ire  strong,  ili,  iimi. 
fatliiiiii.s,  ami  l,iHvi.,.!i 

(>  t'liaillirl  JMs  ;i  iii'|ilii 
•«'  llirolli;ll   I  III'  llllililli 

i  carried  cln-i'  ii,  ih,. 


Mlctji;    Sill  \r\,  nil    llir 
'  (Hi" .7  niirlli. 

'    ii.'l".H    HiSl. 

"■  r.T'.T. 

IVcttc  I'aik  ;l>l|iilhi|li 

villi  a  yearly  iIitiimm' 
■(  since,  ami  ilir  v. mi 


iiKKiii's  traiiMi  .iiiil   1  ■ 
I  tlircciciiili    I'l: .  "I 
feci.    'I'lic  III!  .Ill  il  i:  ' 
I'll  the  CDirccIi  li  r>i.i 
IT,  ami  (!''  .■>■'    I'l'i  I""' 

III  (I''  '-'T'".  rc-|ii-rlivi-l>. 

an  (lilVrrciii ,  .n  ln'i;.'lil 
six  Iciillis  ii  ■  I  liirllii' 
d"  a  foot  aiiil  -'Mil  -nil 
Ills  feet  ami  "!"■  :i " 
Wit  lii;;li  \\ai''i>  I'f  " 
Iti'"  ;  aiiii  M  Inn  ^;iv, 
)lll  c(|iiiil.  Wliiiillu 
tlic    Iliiinll'.S  Irilisil  1'} 

L,'licr  than  Ii"  .m'i'hii'I 

hcs  t'ollovv  III  III '- 

rst  itv  I  he  .-.; ■  i|il;lli' 


'•k 


{■■'! 


To««ril.s     ,; ,  H,.al... 


timl^mmmm^Mkvw  f  n 


Wf^KBpi^ 


Somerset  Kiiiik<'. 

I'fiiiit  ItutiilU.  Viiiiiouver  iHlaml. 
W.  by  N.J  N, 21  miles. 


MarrowatoDe  IViiut,  -  iuiImi.  J'dini  Wilson  MkIu  lioiise,  K.  by  S.  |  .-^  .  ■» 


mili<H. 


.^jRT»-Wrf||"lBH;^ 


MarrowNtoiD' I'liint,  NW.  J  V, '.i^  imlfH  I'liinl 


..V-.-      ■  -'.M* 


<T"  ■  ■  ■•     ♦. 


iii'oiivcr  Inlniul. 
ili'8. 


('Iiiii(l\  :iiiil  srniik.v. 


'>  ''*■  I  ■'*  ■  ■•  niilt'H. 


i<uttn'*9u:mnMUaiL 


■"•^ '' ■-r-fWiirifirniliiniiiiii  I  1 1i'i''i  iriMnii  inr    ii  iiuhmmji i 


1 1  III  III  niiTiii  «r~r*"e~f'rT*^'*        •.:■-_       J.  -ww*^'     * 


NW.  J  v., Hi  iMiL-H  I'l.int  I'.iiln.lK'c,  1<  niilr 


Adriiiialls    lli.nt   l.i^'lit  -  ikiiim'.  I'.'.t  iiiilrs.  Itiisli  I'liiiil,  1}  in 


M    I 


Lt'w   .^j-'."- W-yj".'"' a-^_. 


lowiinlM 


..-^  • 


:.vig.tr.'ig>j6'L'iiWBa-.i!^  ■,•,-«■•• 


i 


:,t| 


i 


MarruWHlorie  I'mnt, 


^'     'P 


Wv*'-'^^ 


•i.il*^?' 


.M; 


^  liiileN.  Itiixli  I'liinl.  1}  tiiili 


b,,*A|Ji. 


I.     U    'IH 


I'Aciric  COAST  rii.oT, 


/)!»;; 


iilw  Wlii'ii  llif  intMiii'sdicliiuiticiii  is  (,'rcati'st,  iniilli  or  sniitli,  the  two  low  waters  Tillow  tlio  inoim's 
iraiisil  liv  altoiit  tf'  II'"  and  -'-"'  7'";  lint  wIhmi  north,  \\w  second  falls  lower  tliaii  llie  first  liy  aliout 
■.i\en  anil  lliree  lenllis  feel,  ami  when  sonlh  the  llist  falls  hiwer  liy  that  i|nantitv.  When  thii 
'iMMih's  deelinatioii  is  zero,  the  two  low  waters  fall  nearly  e(|nallv.  The  ;;ieatesl  ditlerence  oh- 
.  i\ed  hetweeii  the  heluhts  ol'Ihe  t'\o  low  waters  of  a  da.v  was  ei;;hl  and  six-tenths  feet,  ami  {\n\ 
^lealest  dilVeiem'f  lietween  the  hi;,'iM'r  hi;,'h  and  the  lower  low  water  of  a  day  was  ten  ami  one- 
'    Mill  feel. 

I'or  the  linu'  and  liei;.dit  of  every  tide  tliion;;honl  the  year,  eonsnlt  the  annnal  |iiildieation  of 
le  I'acilie  <'iiast   'i'lde  'I'aldes  ol   the  U.  S.  ( 'oast  and  (ieodclie  Snr\i\   loi-  San   Kieyo,  San   l''ian 
SCO,  Astoria.  Port   TownsemI,  Sitka,  and   Kadiak    Island,  wilh  eonstants  lor  redaction  toother 


th 

elf 
|il,ices. 

I'liil  'rainisi  nil  is  the  eount\  seat,  ami  is  \ery  lieantlfidly  lueated  on  the  hi;ih,  lolliii;,'  lands 
hchind  Point  Iluils(»ii.  It  coMiinands  a  reinarkalde  site  for  a  lar^e  eoinniereial  eity,  lieinj:  silnaled 
ell  a  peninsala  eleven  luilen  loii<,'  and  three  miles  wide,  a  line  liarhor  in  fiont,  and  Port  Kiseovery 
Id  the  w  est  w  aid. 

Inlhenearfnture  the  railmad  from  thel'oiiimliia  i;i\fr  iliioiit;h  tlii' Cow  lit/ Valley  will  lerminattt 
at  Port  Tow  nscnd.  It  i-<  the  port  ol  eiitiy  of  the  Pn;^el  Sound  colleelion  dislriet.  'I'he  nnmlierof 
\e>sels  doeniiient<'d  at  Poll  Townscml  for  the  fiscal  year  eiidiiij;  .Iniie  ;il».  |S,s|,  was  ci;;iily  six 
sailing'  vessels  anil  scveiityei^ihl  .ste.uners,  with  a  lonna;;ei)f  foilyseven  thoiisami  lliiec  hiimiicd 
and  lliirty  two  tons.  There  were  eiiteicd  and  cleared  for  the  same  \ear  one  Ihoiisaiid  se\en  liiin- 
(hill  and  eif,dity-ei;;ht  \essels,  with  an  a;;';;ie};ale  toiina>;e  of  nine  hniidred  and  ninetj -ei;;!!!  Ilioii- 
siiid  live  humlied  and  thirteen  Ions.  (>l  tlie  vessels,  three  liiindredand  forty  livi'  were  coastwise, 
lia\in;^  lliree  luindred  and  twenty  six  ihoiisand  one  hiimlrcd  and  twenty  live  Ions;  and  one  Ihoii' 
-and  four  hnnilred  and  forty-three  were  foiei;;ii,  with  a  tomia;,'e  of  six  hnmlicd  and  seventy  two 
ilic)ii.--aml  three  linnditi!  and  eighty  ei;,'lil    Ions. 

It  IS  estiiiialed  that  alhiiilofthe  Pii;,'el  Sound  toiina};e  is  liceiix'd  vessels  running;  to  .Smi 
I'laiicisco  and  othei  coast  parts.     They  aii' not  imlmied   in  the  aho\  e  icpoi  1. 

'I'he  total  \aliie  of  exports  fur  the  loieij:ii  trade  for  ISS;.  was  one  million  seven  hundred  and 
sc\eiity  thousand  two  hundred  and  niiiclecii  dollars;  and  of  ilomestic  and  coast  w  ise,  six  iiiilliun 
dollars.      In  ai  Id  it  ion,  there  were  ex  potted  in  thai  \ear  hops  to  the  \  alue  of  o\  cr  (uu  million  dollars. 

The  population  of  Pent  Tow  nsiaid  is  ahoiii  two  Ihou.saud  live  liuiidied.  Tiicii'  is  a  lar;:c  steam 
saw  mill  heic,  a  iiiaiiufac|o:>  of  wooden  wares,  a  lireweiy,  etc.  At  liondale.  near  the  Chimikim 
(leek,  was  the  location  ol'  iron  wniks  for  the  redi.ction  of  hay  iron,  hut  its  oiieraiioiis  ha\e  liceii 
•suspended. 

lor  national  ipiarantine  re;,'nlalioiis  atVei'iin^  this  port,  see  notice  under  San  Fianci-^co,  |i.  Ul". 

I'roiii  (i>iiimpcrs  ancjiora;,'!'  in  Poll  l>isco\cry  in  IT'.'l  he  made  a  short  exploration  into  .\d- 
inii'.ilt.\    I  iilcl,  and,  of  conisr,  saw  Port  Townsend. 

In  IT'.tL'  N'.iiieonver.  from  his  anchorage  in  Port  Discovery,  scuts  his  lioals  lliroti;;li  the  whole 
ol  l'ii;;ct  Sound,  lie  surveyed  Port  Townsend  and  named  it  Pint  Townshend,  which  name  has 
irncn  way  to  the  later  erroneous  spdlini:. 

MAKlMW.sroNK    rolNT. 

This  point  is  tlio  first  one  insi(h>  the  eiilrance  to  Admiralty  Inlet  on  the  wosteni  side,  ami  with 
point  Wilson  forms  the  {iiiiilin^  jioints.  It  lies  three  and  live-eighths  miles  souili  scxfiity  demces 
c.is!  (S.  7<P  K.)  from  Point  Wilson  l,i;;hi  honsc.  and  three  ami  one-eighth  miles  soiilh  fouriecn  de- 
;;iecseast  (S.  If  ]■].)  from  .\iliiiirall.\   Head   I,i},'hl  house. 

When  a  vessel  is  eiiterin--  the  smiml  from  the  strait  and  roiindiiii;  Point  Wilson  the  steep, 
ytliow,  clay  clill's  of  the  northwest  end  of  Marrowsimie  Island  are  directly  ahead.  The  clilVs  were 
loiineriy  covered  to  their  ed;;es  with  tall  Oreuim  |iiiie  trees,  hut  these  have  liccn  destroyed,  and 
;he  mesa  land  is  cleared  near  the  iioint, except  a  few  stray  pines.  .\t  Ihecastern  extremity  of  the 
dills  the  land  drops  to  a  low,  ^n-a.s.sy,  .sandy  point  projeetin};  three  hundred  \ards  from  the  fool  of 
the  slope,  (ui  which  there  are  (l.SS,"i)  two  tall  trees  and  a  few  smaller  .seattored  ones.  This  point 
h.is  very  deep  water  clo.se  u|i  to  it,  and  the  cm  rents  i  iiii  by  it  with  j;reat  velocity.  Close  niider  the 
southeast  .shore  of  this  low  point  there  is  a  restiictrd  aiichora;;e  in  twelve  fat  limns  of  water  over 
.sandy  hottmn,  where  the  current  is  iuvarialily  runninj;- ehb.  Small  vessels  comin.u- out  of  thesonml 
with  alight  head  wind  and  flood  current  in  miilchannel  can  easily  lake  advantaj;e  of  this  eddy 
1 71*1 1  V  c 38 


:<m 


■? 


r  1 

:     i 

1 

I 


it 


I 


^t^> 


It 


""    '.!• 


i!    : 


I'   * 


•'^•''^i  I'Aciiic  coAsr  ni.oi'. 

fn.in  lour  iMil..,s  soi.tl,  ,.r  tli.-  poi,,!.     W.-  l,a^..  „,„k...l  tlir  .survoiintr  I.ritc  FauntW,,,, |,,  „„|, 

nii'imisi. lines.  '" 

Wliiii  :i  v.-Msrl  is  ..|i!«TiiiK  I'UMt   Miiirowsloii,.  I'.iiiH,  |||,.  raitlu-Ht  I.iiul  Dial  is  h.mi,  iI ,  ,|,  „ 

I'haiiiirl  is  till' liiKii  .■litVs  at    KiIiiiiiimI    IN.int  ami    Point  Wells  on  tli«.  .msI  si.lv  o|  ilie  >,.,ii,"l   ,,,.1 
alioiil  t«entv  two  miles  (li>iaiil. 

I'lom  Maiiowstoiie  Point  we  liav.'  tiie  loll..win);  lH'arin«s  ami  dislam-es  to  proi .„,  „|,|,,, 

'■"""^^■''•' -luiMii..,!,.' N.  :ii   w.       :ii    „„i,.. 

I'ailiiil);i>  |l.oil%.  Illiirk  r.iio) N.  Till     W  1  U  i   il  ' 

'""""  I'"" "■"'«"•  ••■"'   """> N.  -Jl    \\.  ^J    ,„||!.,'' 

Siiii(li\  l-laiiil   1. 1 -111  li.MWf JS'.  ,t;i     w.  Ilj  II,  j  I,,, 

A.li.ni..ll>   ll.a.l    l,i-lil-l,(.n,.. f{_  I,  .  ^v.  :U    1,1,1,., 

liiMilil.'  |lli,il,  1  Msi  »i,li.  iif  ,  haiiiirl n  ri'.t '    !•;.  lt»    iii,|i'N 

I'oilll    \.i  r,.|l,l     l.iyhl    ll.„,>,. j<_     ;,;,  ,     |.;  l:H  |,|,|,.„, 

l',i,,l»i  iillii  r  llliilV,  lllii,  1,  lt,i,i>    «<     11      |.;  i|i     mil,,, 

A  \e>sel  iiait'a  mile  east  of  Maiiowslom'  point  sees  direetl.v  into  llooil's  < 'anal. 

'I'Ins  I ii  w.is  iiameil  Marrow  Sioiie  Point  li.v  Vancouver  in  .Mav,  ITKL.'.     j\ol.  i,  p.  j,!', , 

■MAKI.MiW.sruNK    IMil.Nr    I.llillT. 

.\  J'l.iiil  ml  liijhl,  lens  lantern,  lias  lieeii  stispemled  I'loiii  an  arm  on  a  wliite  post.  'II,,.  |„,sf  |, 
twelve  leel  liij;li.  .mil  is  alioiit  littem  feet  alio\e  the  sea  level.  The  post  is  alioni  ten  \.ii,N  ;ii,!,|,. 
till' lii;;liwat<'r  eml  of  tile  poinl.  There  is  a  small  while  sentr.v  liox  at  the  stake  loi  Ki,|,!ii;  il,.- 
lantein,  oil.  etc.  This  li;;ht  IS  east  li\  .south  .sev»'ii-ei;;litlis  .south  (M.  by  S.  i  S.)  Ilnee  .iinl  lliiir 
•  pi. triers  miles  I'loin  I'oint   Wilson  l.i;;lil  house. 

J'roiii  the  li;;lil  the  roll, iw  in;;  lieaiiii;,'s  and  distances  to  pn^niineiit  points  are  ;tiveii: 

\.lii,iralt>    lliiil   l.ii:l,il,i,ii!.f N.  ):,    \V.  ,I,Niaiil    :'4  ii,il,s. 

liMiilil.'  IllnlV  .S.  .-,;i    K.   ili^Miii    ;i(  „,i|,  ^. 

p.. ,1,1  N,,  I',.,,, I  l.i«lil.|iiiiiw «.  iVlJ  K.   ihHiuiit  l:H  i,iili«. 

This  ll^iht  was  e.statiiisheil  October  1,  IS.SH. 

Tin;  <'iiri;.si-,  \  i>  tiik  im.kt  (»u  sofNi). 

Startinj;  I'lom  abreast  Marrowsitnie  Point  llie  midi'liaiinel  course  up  .\dmirally  Inlet  >  mhhIi 
oast  b\  siMilh  liii  aboiil  ciixhl  miles,  lieadiii;,'  jnsi  east  ol'  P'oiiiweather  iJliill'.  'I'he  sli,ii,'v  ..  ,  ,iiii,i 
side  ol  the  channel  are  bliills  ol'  a|>paren,l\  iinitorm  liei;;hl.  co\  iied  wilh  Irees,  will,  !,.  ,,.  ,,,|,1 
there  an  oc.Msional  low  |ioinl.  or  a  bieaU  dow  n  in  the  elill'  where  a  si  re. i  in  empties.  'I  Im'  -li.i,  ,  h 
theea.-t  is  \\'lii,|bc\  Island;  on  the  wesl.  .M.irrowslone  Island.  I^'oiir  and  a  hall'  iiiiies  11.111,  .M.n- 
rowstone  Point  liiere  is  <m  lite  eastern  shore  ii  low  point  projecliii;;  hall' a  iiiih'  mil  :i  'in  lli,' 
(^ener.ii  ilileclion  of  the  slimes;  it  ji.is  ime  or  t  w  o  clilinps  ol'  t  rees  illid  bushes  will,  I,. i,  .iniinil 
behind,  and  the  ;;lollll«l  lisin;;  llirrelrolii  and  densely  Womleil  W  llh  Ore;,',!!!  lir.  This  1^  li.uiH'l 
Hush  I'liiiit.'  I  here  is  \er_\  deep  water  close  to  I  his  point,  ami  we  lia\  f  anclioicii  011  th,  inutii 
side  in  lilteeii  r.ithoins.  s.ttiilx   boitoiii;   lint  I  lie  currents  are  Nt  roll;;  :ind  irre;;ular. 

Aliicasi  tins  point  on  ih;'  opposite  shine  of  .Mariowstone  Islam)  there  is  a  tniin  1  n;  i'iu  < 
point  eoM'ied  wilh  tici  so;,.'  ini  •  ;tiid  .1  hill'  norlli  of  the  sinitheril  end  of  the  isj.iiiil  \vlii,li  Illllll^ 
the  iiiirlhe.isl  shore  of  ttal^  l'.i\.  I>ireetly  otV  this  poiiil  there  is  p»od  anchor, lu'c  ni  1  ibii" 
tifteeii  fithoiiisof  wale;  ( 'le  |iecnliar  ;,'eolo;;ical  formalioiis  found  in  the  vicinits  sii;_'_:i -tiil 'i  ■ 
desii^natioii  Xifiliilr  I'tiiiit.*  whicii  il  bears. 

After  passin;,'  Nodule  Poinl  the  deep  liay  to  the  westward  is  Oak  l'>a\  ;  the  bi;:lil  in  ;ii'ii~:. 
two  or  tliret'  miles  soiiiheasl  of  P.ii.sh  Point,  is  .Mutiny  liay.  The  iii;,di.  Imld,  liri;,'lil  iniiill.iwl 
«;«)Veivd  with  trees  almost  diiiitl>  ;iliead  is  i'oii!  weather  lllnll'.  It  is  a  conspicuous  oImitI.  .im! 
there  is  notliiiiu'  bke  it  in  Ihis  vicinity.     (See  pa;;e  ."•'.»,">.) 

The  lii;;li  elitVon  tiie  eastern  shore  four  miles  sonlheastw  aid  from  Push  Point  is  Ihnd'''  />'/«.'" 
It  is  destilutir  of  I  rees.  except  one  lai;;e  el  limp  wlm  li  marks  it  conspieiiousiy  from  the  1101  ii,  iimtli 
wesl.  The  deep  iiideiilalion  on  the  northwest  side  of  ihisclilV  with  low  wooded  land  11  lln' n  ' 
is  Mulini/  Hill/.' 

The  low  point  with  a  Ia;.'lit  house  beyond  and  to  the  eastsoutheast  from  I'oiilwcath.  1    -  I' 1 

No   I'oint,  and  liie   lii),di  elilVs  on   the  eastern  shore  si.x  miles  to  the  east  .soul heast  li,.i:    limU'l' 
liliilV  is  Scalehel  Head. 

*  NumcU  by  tho  U.  8.  C'ouhl  .Siirviy  In  lrt.'iii. 


ii 


1 


■'  41'; 


■  iii 


"i  I 


vl 


***=^v 


ISiihIi  I'liitit.      Douhlr  lllun'. 


''"'"^  ■''■"  '""'"'■  Foulweatl,.!.-  Bln«-,  8K.  j  .s.,  i,.  „.i|.,,. 


■dM 


Nodulo  Point. 


,.,.-  ^■,r'>i^^-.';*^fSi-^>.„ 


le^'meafj- 


kM.'O^-    ('it''  '. 


■•'  •*-..i-.,,.., ,.  .... ,  .-„»  ■■■■  ,■■■'  'i.i.,^ 


r.Oi.r'n^'^V.^..  .:)i\/:'V  '■?;. 


I'ou.t  No  I'diut. 


Fonlwca.!u.r  liln.r,  M..  ,,,  .    -  „,i,,„.         „„„,,,  „„^^„      „,,^,,,^  ^,^__^, 


Tala  Point. 


I'oit  Ludlow. 


H»ul.l«  Blurt. 


■nrftidlKifi.,^..^., 


I'n^t.t  .Soiinil. 


-r--r5^i'~<ij 


^^^^'f^^'^lfe^WiSpl?^^^' 


I'oiiit  \o  I'oint.SK,  j  i;.,,-,  niili' 


M 


'II  -1 

1  •'  j' 

\   <> ,    1    i 

III  1 

li 


n 


if  n#l  i 


I 

,}< 

it- 
ax 


i'ACll'K;   COAST    I'll.OT. 


bX) 


Till'  Diu'iiiiig  oil  tlie  west  side  of  Foiihvi'atluT  I'lliiff  is  Ildoil's  raiial:  iiiid  vessels  hniiml  inti 


il  keep  rlose  ti)  tin;  west,  sliore  (if  tlic  lilutf  aiitl  pass  two  low  points  l^in;,'  itlose  Ity  tlie  short 


X.I 


itli  of  tlio  lieiwl.     The  water  otf  them  is  »lce| 


just 


When  the  eastern  part  of  Foiilweatlier  lUiilV  hears  sontlieasf  hy  soiitli  one  tliinl  south  and 
iliM  sontliern  part  of  ])oul)le  Ululf  »'ast  by  norlli,  a  vessel  will  be  two  and  a  tliiid  miles  lioin  the 
Idinier  and  two  and  two-thirds  miles  from  the  latter  If  bound  up  the  sound  Ilieeonrsc  will  lio 
rast  iiy  sonlh  (piarter  isouth  for  the  next  six  miles  to  abreast  Point  Iso  I'oiiil  Light  house,  with 
Seiitchet  IJeati  to  the  east  northeast. 

OAK  BAY. 

This  is  tiie  deep  bight  on  the  west  side  of  the  inlet  lying  under  the  south  end  of  Marrowstone 
Island  and  the  south  end  oi'  Kilisnl  Island  on  the  north  and  the  main  shore  of  the  t.inimper 
I'liiinMiia  on  tho  south.  The  turning  i>oint  from  the  inlet  into  the  north  side  of  the  bay  is  live 
.ini!  one  lialf  miles  southeasterly  from  Marrowstone  roinl. 

The  bay  has  a  general  northwest  by  west  half  west  direction  and  heads  itlose  uji  to  tin'  head 
of  I'ort  Towiiseiid,  and  is  separated  therei'ioni  liy  a  low  ininow  beaeli,  ueniss  wliieii  the  Indians 
l(iimer!\  had  a  portage  for  their  eanoe.s.  From  the  noitli  point  of  the  bay  the  direction  of  Point 
Olele,  which  fornis  the  southern  point  of  the  bay,  is  southeast  by  south  two  thirds  .south  (.SH.  by 
S.  r|  S.)  two  miles,  ami  from  mis  bin'  the  bay  is  two  and  two  thirds  miles  deep,  and  three- fourths 
111'  .1  mile  wide  at  the  head.  It  opens  directly  towards  Fouhveather  Hlutl".  The  slnues around  the 
li.iy  are  moderately  high  blulVs,  except  at  the  narrow  opening  between  .Mairoustone  Point  and 
Kilisnt  I'eninsula  .ind  at  the  beach  towards  Port  Townsend  ;  the  elills  at  the  southwest  slioie  are 
lime-stone. 

The  depth  of  water  in  the  liay  ranges  from  twenty-one  fathoms  at  thei'iitranee  to  ten  fathoms 
•  Iii.sc  to  the  head,  with  muddy  bottom.  The  th-ep  water  runs  close  to  the  shores,  except  otf  tho 
noiili  point,  where  a  de[ith  of  ten  fathiins  is  found  three-fourtli,>*  of  a  mile  from  shore,  with  a 
sudden  droji  to  twenty  lathi. ins.      < 

In  beating  out  of  the  inlet  or  .sound,  with  a  f.ivorable  current,  ve.s.scls  should  not  atteniiit  to 
W(uk  into  this  bay  for  the  sake  of  a  long  tack. 

Vancouver  named  it  Oak  Cove  in  IT'.tl.'.  his  l.oats  having  rejiorted  that  oak  trees  stood  ui)ou 
Its  shores.     We  have  traversed  tho  greater  par*  of  the  shores,  but  found  none. 

MUTINY    HAY.» 

This  is  tho  moderately  dee|  ,  broad  bight  on  the  ea.Uerii  side  of  the  inlet,  seven  miles  south 
.•ast  iiy  east  half  east  (HK.  Iiy  I).  A  V..)  from  Marrowstone  Point,  and  on  the  noithwcst  side  of  the 
prnjccting  mesa  of  Diuible  MliilV.  It  is  two  and  a  half  miles  broad,  and  the  low  woo(h'd  slnuc  line 
retreats  a  little  over  a  mile. 

Th-'ie  is  ,k  deep-water  channel  close  under  the  shore  of  Double  Point  and  following  nearly  to 
tile  ii'';tliern  point  of  the  liay,  wlicre  the  dejUli  is  twenty-four  fathoms;  but  making  out  from  this 
.lioie  in  a  direction  outside  ol  Doiilde  Point  tiieri' is  a  shoal  iiiiddle^^round,  upon  which  depths 
lioin  six  to  eleven  fathoms  ol  water  are  found.     This  is  ,.ii  excellent  lishiug  ground. 


mi 


I  »* 


^       ■! 


l)OI  llI.F,    l!I-tl'I''.» 

This  is  a  mesa  promontory  one  n  ile  wide  and  one  and  a  half  miles  long.  lying  between  Mutiny 
Hay  on  the  west  and  I'.seless  May  oi  tho  east.  Theelin's  are  three (U-  four  hundred  feet  in  height, 
.iiid  the  greater  part  )f  i!ie  surface  I  ack  from  the  lace  is  eovt'i'cd  with  trees,  bill  near  tlie  water  it 
Is  destitutl^  of  trees,  except  o.:"  i.oge  eliimii  which  marks  it  conspicuously  in  going  up  tho  sound. 
I'lie  northwest  spur  of  this  point  is  the  higher. 


FOII.WK.ArilEU  nUTFF.t 

This  is  one  of  the  most  noticeable  of  the  many  elitfs  in  Piiget  Sound.  It  ia  tho  northwest  ex- 
licniity  of  a  soveiiniile  peninsula  which  separates  Admiralty  Inlet  from  the  entrance  to  Hood's 
•  'anal.  It  is  the  landmark  for  m, iking  Port  laidlow  at  the  entrance  to  that  canal  and  P(Ut  tiamlile, 
live  miles  insi<le.     The  north-northwest  face  is  alioiit  two  thirds  of  i  mile  broad,  with  nearly  ver- 


'NaiMi'il  liy  till'  r.  S.  (■iiM>i  Siii'M  >   ill  l-."i.'i, 

t  Naiiii'il  liy  VaiiciiiiM  r  In  I'M.     i  Im'  Iiitliioi  uiuuu  in  I'itcli-liCil. 


»■*' 


\W 


m 


■^  • 


ii'J'.i  rAfiric  roAsi    j'ii,»it. 

tii-al  niiih1\,  cliiv  ••lilVs  iilxMil  two  limiihca  ami  i  Wfiit.ylivf  feet  lii;,'Ii,  and  invnv.l  on  Mi.  .mii,,,;,,. 
Willi  lii'a\\  Ills  anil  a  vnv  ilriisf  iiinlcr-rowili.  It  sIoik's  toward  tlit-  oast  to  a  iilnil  i.nu  |,.,,; 
lii^ili ;  lull  on  I  lit'  side  iic\l  to  Hood's  « 'anal  Ilici'litViM  stot'it.  Mood's  Canal  is  lii'icaliiioM  otitMi,,) 
twotliinl.s  miles  wide,  and  tlic  iiilcl  aiross  |.>  Donlilf  I'dnllis  harrtv  tliii'c  miles  anoss. 

The  low  point  foiii  miles  east  of  ronlweatlier   IMiilV  is  IVuiit  No  I'oiiit,  imiUiii;;  well  .mi.aii.l 
destiintf  of  trees  or  Inislies.     Iletweeii  ii   and   FoiiiweatluT  tlific  is  a  lir(»ad  lii-lil,  \miIi.mii  .n,, 
reasonable  ell. iiiee  lor  am  lioiaj;e;   it  lias  dee]!  water  and   stroiij,'  eiirrents.     Tlie  di>laiir.   riuiinlii 
deepest  part  of 'liis  hi^iit    one   mile   from    flie   liliilV  across  the  low  iieek  to  Hood's  (  an, i!  m  nni. 
'liiaitei  of  a  mile  in  one  part;  and  in  IS.-Mihis  neek   was  marked  li.\  the  track  of  a  reeein  i,  i 
that  hail  Iwisied  otVand  upiooted  lirs  of  three  and  four  feet  diameter. 

(,)n  the  soiilliwesi  side  of  the  lilufl"  two  Mnall  points  make  out,  with  .v  little  lecessi.ui  luim,  , 
tlioiii.     The  northern  one  is  low. 

F(tri,\VKATin;i!  uhfk  iiioy. 

("onipaiatively  shoal  water  makes  out  northward  from  this  liliilV,  so  that  the  h\eii!\  \'.[\\„;y, 
line  is  iiearl\  a  iniU"  towards  r.ush  Point.  ,iiid  the  ten-fathom  line  rcielies  two  thinlsof  i  mhIc  .:■ 
towards  Douhle  HlnlV. 

A  rod;  ainisli  at  the  lowest  tides  lies  oil"  the  face  of  the  liliilV  a  little  to  the  e;;:.,  o|  'In'  niiilillr 
of  the  fice,  and  a  depth  of  three  fathoms  is  found  outside   if  this  danger. 

i  ''    this  d.ui;;erous  ;;roiind  a  hliul:  huinj  will  he  pia.e'!  oil' the  innlli  face  of  the  '.liull  mi; 

side  of  ken  rock  one  half  mile  fiom  the  shore,  ,iiid    in    .iliout    (i\e    latlionis  ol   w.ilei.    jN.i 

jdaeed  in  .  .cmlier,  l.SST.)  l-'roiu  this  buoy  we  have  the  followiuy  hearings  and  distance-  in  im. 
purlaiit  (dijecis: 

Illark  Miiiiy  ciV  Tain  Toiiit  vact  8i<li<  tti  Wwx  LinlldW S.  W.  }  \V.  ••\  niiloH. 

MaiiMH-lnii.'  I'uiiii N.  Ill  \V.  Ii>i  inili'ii. 

A<llllll.lll>    Ijrail  l.l-llt-ll(.llr<c N.  .'.l  \V.  1        llill.s 

liiniMi'   liliilV.  iM.rtliwi'sl   |iiiiiit N.  :l'.'  i:.  'j;  iiiili'<. 

.Salcli.I     li>a<l N.  --J  i;.  TJiiiil.i 

And  r<i>Mi«MiiiE   roiiit.  ahni^t  ill  laii^c '.ij!  iniji  -.. 

P.iiiit  Nt.  I'ciiiit  l.i-lit  hoiiM. S.  t^l'  v..  \    nulls. 

CSKI.K.SS  BAY.* 

Oil  the  east  side  of  the  point  of  Moulile  MlntV  the  shore  runs  to  the  noitliwanl  Im  i»ii,iiii|,t 
tliird  miles,  and  then  swiii;.'s  round  in  a  Ion;;  curve  to  the  east  and  to  the  soul  liea>t  ;ii  Imlni 
Point,  oiu«  mile  wc>t  nortiiwesi  from  Scaldiet  Head  ami  four  and  tlir.  e  foui  llis  iiulr- im>i 'i\i. 
thirds  south  from  Donhle  liliilt.  This  forms  a  lta,\  nearly  live  miles  liro.id  at  the  iiiiuiili  imi  itu 
and  a  half  miles  <le  ;>  to  the  iioitliward.  It  lies  broad  open  li>  the  south,  ami  lonks  diin  In  ii|'in 
Point  No  Point.  'J  lie  shores  of  this  lia\  are  in  part  iilnlV  .ind  in  (lait  low  ,  with  .1  liin;;c  uf  lllal^il 
lu'arly  around  the  whole  bay.  There  is  <|eep  water  in  this  bay,  the  forty  fathom  eiinc  leaclnni' 
into  it,  and  the  twenty  fathom  eiir\e  lunninj^"  nearly  to  the  dce|iest  part  of  the  shore,  fin-  >lii'ilr>: 
water  is  under  the  licUlheast  shore,  wheie  the  tell  fathom  cill\('  stietehes  out  olU'  111  ii  .  »,  ilN  .1 
iMdtoiii  of  sand.  At  the  liea<l  of  the  ba.\  there  are  two  loiif.'.  narrow  sand  spits,  beliiinl  lurliiii.v 
Deer  I,aptoii,f  a  lar^'e,  shallow  sheet  of  water,  full  of  marshy  islets  and  liavin-  .1  sli.  ,,1  miili' 
between  the  .sand  sjiits.     At  the  eastern  part  of  this  iat'ooii  is  the  setllemeiit  of  I'.seless 

I'll! NT    Ml    I'MlNT. 

This  is  one  of  the  turning.'  points   in   the   broad  \\at<Ts  of  the  .sound.     In  a  strai-iii 
thirteen  miles  soutlM'ast  two  tliinls  east  (SK.  'r;  M.)  from    .Marrowstone   Point,  and   Iroin  .''Immh 
trance  to  I'osses.-ion  .Soiiml  lie>  ea-t   b,\  mulh  six  and  a  half  inili's. 

The  point  itself  is  low  and  jiisl  above  hi;;li  water,  with  a  ;;ull\  and  small  .-lieam  up. 

thewesieiii    pail.     To   I  he  west  ward  the   broken    cl'tVs   run    in    a   eimeave,  eiir\  111;;   hm    !■■  1 

weather  liliill.     'I'o  the  scuitlieast  by  .south  the  shore  is  nearly  strai;;lil  for  ten  miles,  ai-'    1  n.  1- 

in;:  height  to  the  .lilfs,  and  a  low,  narrow,  marshy  li inder  them  to  Pilot  Point,  i\    1  ' 

miles  distant.  The  land  behind  it  is  two  or  three  hundred  \\'v\  lii;.'h,  .iiid  modcrat.  1  «iiiiili.i 
Deep  water  niii.s  close    to  the  point,  .mil  one  third  of  the  way  across  the  channel  aluca-i   il  ll"'"' 

■Naiii.ill.\  III.!'.  S.  i;\|iliiiiii^  lA|ii..lil If^ll. 

1  iJiwiiwinl  anil  imiiii-il  liy  llic  V .  .'*.  CmiMl  Surv.y  in  IS'if.. 


^        ll 


asaa^HKsas 


(1    «'(»\  ('led  (III    i|ir  Mini, 

'  easi  III  ;i  lihiiV  i..n\  |,, 

lill    is  licit'  ,1111111-.,    lllllMi 

(•  miles  ai'ioss, 
ilit,  luiiUiiij;  Weil  mil,  .,• 
lircjid  lii;;lit,  \MilitMii  ,11 
<.     Tin-  (iisliiMi'c  liiMii  li 

to   IldlMl's  (  'all;il   IS  'Mil', 

tiiicK  (if  a  ifci'iii  I.. Ill:, 
,t  little  reci'.-.sniii  Iirim. 


^11  that  the  lut'iii\  Till, 
's  two  tliinls  til'  .1  Miili'., 

to  the  ea;.i  nl  'lir  ini.l.i 

II I  h  lace   III'  ;lic  i.iiill  , 
l.ilhoilis  III    u.itii.      N 
■ili;;s  ,iiiil  .|i>I,iiirc~  ',.  ::, 


1  w. 

'J!,  mil 

,-s 

w. 

li>i  mil 

I'H 

\v. 

1  '    mil 

I'S 

i:. 

■•I  iinl 

■,1 

i:. 

7<  mil 

t  -1 

'.•I!  Iicl 

1^ 

i;. 

't    ml 

I'l 

iiiii'liiwaiil  t'lir  I  I'.c  ,111'! 

the  s(iiillica>l  111  li"! 
e  I'lillllilN   miles  iM^I  t  , 
tl  at    the   iiiiiiilli  mil ; 

ailtl  ImiK,-  illlri    i .   Ill'  :. 

« ,  with  ,1  li'iii^i-  "I  .  M  • 

l,v  rallmiii  cm  v  e  u m  i     . 

the  >lniii'.     'I'll'-  -i)M  il.  - 

es    mil     line    llliii  .  V.  Ill,  ,1 

pits,  lieliiiiil  u  hull  i)i'> 

I   haviii.L;-  ,i  .-.In.,!  mri.' 

lent  III"  I'selcss. 


In  a  sli'ai-lii    '  '  ■    ■  - 
iiliit,  and   li'iiiii  ,'  'III'  <  I' 

mall  .-itieam  npr!  mi^i    ' 

c,  eiiix  iiiK   111"         '  ■ 
r  tell  llllles,   vvjlli  ilM'iM'- 
it  rmiit,  iv.vi  .iii'l  .1  li^ill 
and   iiii)deiatel\  umiili'il. 
channel  alnia.-i   ii  iImH' 


rAfinc  coA.sT  riLor.  597 

'I       is  a  de|ith  of  one  Iminlred  and  roiirteen  fallioms.     rnder  the  south  sido  of  tlio  point  tliero  is  good 
^       iiMclioia;je  in  ten  I'alhonis. 

Wi  TIIK    I-KillTIIorSH    AT    POINT    NO   I'OINT. 

The  structure  for  this  li;,'ht  i?  .1  low,  s(|iiare  tower,  |iaiiited  while,  with  the  lantern  and  dome 
1         |i:iiiiii'il  lilack.     Then'  is  an  oil  rootii  attached  to  the  lower,  and  the  woculen  dwellitii;,  of  one  and 

fa  liidf  slmies,  jiainli-d  white,  is  located  sixtv-seveii  .\aids  to  the  weslwai'd. 
Tlie  illiimiiialiii^i  appar.ilus  is  of  the  tilth  order  of  Fresiiel,  li;;litiiin'  two  liuiidred  and  .scvcMitj' 
ili'LTiees  of  the  hori/oii,  and  was  exhibited  .laniiaiy   1,  KSSO.     From   sunset  to  sunrise  it  sliow.s  a 

1:  i;il  irlii/r  liijlil. 

The  l>as»\  of  the  tower  is  seven  feet  above  the  water,  and  the  focal  plane  of  the  li^'ht  is  twojity- 
mvcii  feet  above  the  mean  level  of  tlu^  sea  ;  and  under  ordinary  t'onditujiis  of  tlie  atmosphere  tho 
li;:!it  oii;iht  to  be  seen  aiioiit  ten  and  a  half  miles. 

TIIK  FOG-HKLL. 

The  bell  I, AVer  is  located  on  the  outer  end  (if  the  point,  to  the  southward  of  the  LiKlit-lionse, 
and  «,i,,  nist  put  ill  operation  IMav  I,  bs.so.  Diirinjr  thick  or  fot;j;,v  weather  the  bell  is  struck  by 
iiiai  liiiicry  at  iiilcixals  nriiii  seconds. 

The  jieof;ra|iliical  position  of  the  Li;,dithouse  is  given  quite  closely  from  the  V,  S.  (^oast  and 
(ieodetic  Survey  charts  : 

1,111  il  mil' 17°  .M'    11"  iiiirtli. 

I.oii<;iliiilr   l-'i°  'M'  W  west. 

Or,  ill   liim< b"  Id'"  OtiM, 

I''iom  the  l,i;ihtliouse  on  Point  No  Poiir  we  liave  the  following  bearings  and  distances  to  im« 
piirtant  objects: 

r.liirl,  Itiiiiy  iilV  I'linlwoiilhiT   I'lIiilV W.  liy    N.  :!}  miles. 

Ki'il  ."^laUi'  l.iuhl  1111  I 'ill  111    Maiiiuvvioiii' N.  fi:!'  W.  Hit  mill's, 

Ailmii.iity    lii'inl   l.i«lil-liiiii,si' N.  ir.    \V.  li!    mill's. 

Omi    Itiisli  I'liint  III 7J  mill's. 

DiiiiMii   llliill N.  ;l--  W.  ;!5  iiiili'H. 

t'lissi'sslnn  I'liiiil,   riili-.inri' III  Pii'.'i'ssioii  .Soiiml N.7li^    K.  li    mill's. 

Applii  C'iivi>    I'liiiit S.  411^   !■;.  fit  iiiiliis. 

West  I'oiiit  Light-house  is  not  visible  on  accoiiiil  of  .\pple  Cove  Point  intervening. 
Point  No  Point  was  named  by  Ih  ■  United  States  E.xploring  Expedition  in  I.S4I,    The  Indian 
name  is  ilahdskiis, 

SCATCIIET  HEAD.* 

This  is  the  southern  point  of  the  long  and  iiiegular  Wliidbey  Island  ;  it  stretches  as  a  luomon- 
toi\  iiiiii  a  biiiail  part  (»f  Admiralty  Inlet,  and  is  visible  for  twenty-live  miles  from  the  south  south- 
east;  il  IS  diici'tly  abr«'ast  of  Point  No  Pninl,  The  southern  entrance  ol  Possession  .Sound  is  on 
Its  eastern  sidi'  and  Useless  P.ay  011  the  wi'steni.  ii  is  a  double  headed  promontory,  with  a  length 
of  six  miles  and  ,111  extreiiK^  breadth  of  two  and  three  I'oiirlhs  miles  between  Pscless  P.ay  and  Po.s- 
session  Sound. 

The  two  heads  have  each  a  fai f  about    three  fourths  of  a   mile   in    breadth   expo.sed  to  tho 

south:  lliey  are  bold  yellow  clay  clilVs:  the  eastern  olii'  rises  about  lliiee  hiimlred  feet  above  the 
waler.  and  isco\cicd  with  wood,  and  the  western  one  rises  one  hundred  ami  forty  feel  or  more. 
The  west. 'Ill  head  h.is  becniin'  locally  known  as  the  h'alse  Scatchet,  Oil  the  base  of  the  bright 
elilVs  ihere  ,11  e  seen  great  enatic  giMiiile  bowlders, 

i'(issi;s.si(iN  roiNi'.t 

The  lower  part  is  a  neaily  vertical  while  day  dilV:  I  hen  the  bank  slopes  at  an  angle  of  forty-live 
degrees,  uiiji  .1  paili.ill\  biukeii  u  liilisli  I'l  out.  tin  I II  II  reaches  one  liiiiidied  and  I'orty  fiet  elevation. 
There  are  a  few  scaiti'iid  treesoii  the  lower  part  of  ilie  slope,  and  the  siimmil  level  is  covered  with 
Oregon  pin(>. 

'N. .1  lix  till,  r,  s.  lA|iI<iiiii«  Kxpi'ililiiin  in  |s||.      Ilii'   |iniiii'r  >i"lliii;;  nl'  Hn'  """I  i-  f^l>.iilj;il  '•  Hi''  ln'l'"'! 

Iilimi'  III'  111,'   luiiiil    IS  SK.iiilliKs.      r.i  till.  .■.•ipl;iiiis  nil  Ihi-  s.iiinil  lliis  pmiil  li.is  Ih'iimiii'  I,iiiumi  us  ■' l':ll.ii'  Si'atrlu'l." 
t  This  pnmi  lias  Ih'coiih' luinlls  UmnMi  as  yi'atilirt  lliail. 


!ih  1*' ; 


,     M 


; 


i     I 


J  ill? 


ffllv 


508 


PACiriC   COAST   I'lI.OT. 


Tlio  ^^.'»r,•  mwlpr  tlio  oaMorn  side  of  tlic  Iiond  ishoiilcrcil  by  alow,  narrow  headi. 

Tlu' fa.stiTii  Nliort'of  tlio  fiitraiicf  to  I'o.sscs.sioii  Soiiiid  aldoast  this  lu>atl  lisfs  rimn  ,  ln« 
narrow  Itradi  witli  dt'citliioiis  tn-t-son  tlu-  lowt-r  slope  ailil  Oregon  pino  on  the  Himiriiii.  Viil„«' 
Miiirs  rIiow  ill  patclifs  tliiiiu;r|i  tli)>  freoN. 

r>i'twefii  the  two  litath  tlicre  is  a  shallow  pocket  rumiiiiK  back  ono  and  a  half  iiiil. -,  ,;ill,,l 
Cultus  liittj.  It  is  ill  piirt  oveillowcd  at  liijili  tide,  and  then  presents  the appt'aranee  ol  a  1m\.  .\i; 
extensive  sand  hank  and  shoal  inaUes  out  nearly  three  miles  to  the  sontiiward,  with  the  i.i.,i,|ii| 
of  tiie  heads  as  a  base.  From  the  eastern  lit  ail  round  the  western,  ami  a  mile  toward  I  mm,  >s  ]!;„. 
the  low-water  liiu-  makes  .)nt  half  a  mile,  the  shore  beiiiK  bare,  wliere  older  maps  hav.'  d. .  ;.  \k;i|,|' 
For  over  a  mile  south  of  the  western  head  a  depth  of  ei-ht  and  ten  fathoms  of  water  ;u,.l  Mncmiii 
sandy  bottom  can  be  found;  while  the  twenty  fitlioin  line  runs  out  three  miles  directly  i..i  A|i|,1,. 
Tree  Cove,  with  a  bottom  of  sand,  gravel,  and  slulls.  We  found,  when  anchored  for  sr\,  i:il  ,lnu 
ofV  the  eastern  head,  a  stron;;  undercurrent  runniii);  into  Possession  Sound,  and  an  ii|.|Mriiir 
rent  settiii};  to  the  westward  at  all  tides.  Vancouver  makes  mention  of  the  shoal,  and  M.,irs  il,,ii 
beatiuj;  into  the  inlet  he  stood  on  tiie  batik  until  he  got  the  fatlioms  of  water,  but  \\.\u\  ..|  im,, 
precluded  his  examining  it. 

Oir  the  smith  side  of  rossession  Toint  on  the  lino  of  three  fathoms  we  found  a  nul  innixh  at 
the  lowest  tide.s.    It  is  about  two  hundred  and  tifty  yards  oflf  tho  front  of  the  clitrs. 

TIIK  COfltSE  UP  THE  SOUND. 

Opposite  Point  No  Point  the  sound  expands  to  a  width  of  seven  miles,  with  a  v iiv  il.r|i 
channel  between  the  point  and  the  bank  olV  .Scatchet  Head,  and  a  deep  eliannel  betwi en  ihr  li,,,,! 
and  the  shore  of  the  mainland.  This  latter  channel,  over  two  miles  wide  andoiie  liiiinlii  <|  ;iiii| 
twenty  fathoms  deep,  leads  into  Possession  Sound.  From  Point  No  Point  a  ves.sel  boiiini  I  iiiImt 
np  the  sound  will  naturally  keep  the  mid  eliannel,  but  a  general  course  for  a  vessel  when  .me  ami 
n  ipiarter  miles  nortlnvest  half  west  from  the  li;;ht  house  on  the  point  is  southeast  liairMuiili  inr 
ten  and  a  half  miles,  to  mid  ihaiinel  abreast  of  Point  .letferson,  the  imrth  jioint  of  Port  Mj  imh, 
where  the  eliannel  is  three  and  two  thirds  miles  wide.  \  vessel  boiiu'i  into  Port  Madismi  ni  I'mt 
T^lakely  will  gradiialls  haul  to  the  southward  of  that  course  and  pas«  close  under  Poini  .1,  ilii-ini, 
if  the  wind  holds  under  the  land;  if  bound  into  Seattle  sh*^  will  gradually  haul  a  liitlr  i.i  ihc 
Houtliward  to  pass  West  Point  closely  as  soon  as  she  makes  out  the  Light  hoiis<>  buildin;:>  ii|>  ii  ii. 

Front  abreast  Point  Jetrerson  the  course  is  south  by  east  for  tiv»'  miles,  to  abreast  W  •  -i  l'^  ii 
Light  lioiis'  and  if  btuiiid  for  Port  Hlakely  a  vessel  <'ontinu(s  another  four  and  a  hall  illlll^,  li 
tlieeiitranci'  (ui  the  north  side  of  Kestoration  Point.     If  bound  farther  up  the  sound  to  T.iIvhuli  or 

Iwyond,  a  ves.sel  continues  on  the  south  by  east  course  two  miles  beyond  West  Ptiint  l,l;;lii  i m'. 

and  then  hauls  up  on  a  southeast  three  <|uarters  south  course  for  Point  liobinson  I-it:lil  hoii-c,  "ii 
the  west  side  of  tin-  eliannel,  distant  lifteen  and  a  half  miles.  The  average  width  of  iIm-  ■  1  ;i:.iiiI 
between  Va«lion  Island  on  the  west  and  the  main  shore  on  the  east  is  two  and  a  hall  m  .  -.  nM 
the  depth  of  water  is  over  one  hundred  fathoms.  The  shores  are  generally  of  the  same  rl.  ii.nivi, 
of  yellowish  clay  clilVs,  with  low,  gravelly  or  .sandy  points,  having  deep  water  close  iiikIh  iIhiii, 
and  deep  broa<l  bays  and  channels  lead  from  the  main  sound.  These  channels  w  pa.ssa::i-.  hki' 
those  into  Port  Orchard,  are  maiketl  by  overlapping  shores.  TheColvo.H  Pa.ssage  is  one  .i  rluM: 
it  is  eleven  miles  long,  deep,  and  one  mile  wide,  and  nearly  straight,  but  it  is  mn     nu  n-  •'■ 

We  resume  the  deiailed  description  of  impiutant  places  on  the  main  channel  fioin  I  ■  ii  N" 
Point  to  Kobinsuu  I'oint,  including  i'os.se.ssion  Sound. 


POSSESSION  SOUND. 

Tlie  Bonthem  entrance  to  this  now  important  and  extensive  series  of  broat'  lieep  cliai 
iK'tween  Possession   Point,  the  southernmost  i»oint  of  Whidbey  Island,  in  l.i.itmle   17 
the  main  shon' «tpposite,  unmarked  by  any  special  piojetttiiui  or  olijcet.     Scatclici  I  ban 
session  Point  have  already  been  described.     The  northern  entrance  to  this  soiiimI  i^  tli- 
narrow,  ami  deep  Deception   Pass,  in  4S0  24-5'.     The  .sound  is  formed  by  the  irregiilnl 
Whidbey  Islaml  on  the  west  and  the  nniin  shore  on  the  east,  with  (Jediiev  and  CaMiaii.. 
betwe«-u  them.     The  sound  receives  several  important  watercourses,  the  Snohomish  l;i\. 
waitheast.  the  Stillaguamish  Uiver  about  the  miildle,  with  the  Skagit    Kiver  in  the  la.ril 
also  connect*  at  tho  north  by  tho  Swinomish  Slough  Vith  Padilla  I5ay,  ami  thence  wiii; 


ilirh  lll•^ 
ill  .:ili4 

■i.l     I'MV 

■lIlMll', 
-.!,.li"'l 

I-LiimN 

;   111  ill'' 

,M.     it 

I  iilrllir.'i 


-rsa^^ 


8k«Kit  lload.         C.iIIuh  Hay.         IVshohsIo,,  Pnint,  NK.  hy  l;.,T„„;, . 


L,.i-(.iiii'  KHiiynof Mijumaiii 


^!N*fri»v 


^r-^^f-'-'^- 


.J  "■:!>!_ 'J'*"  '         .    .      "■       *■. '"^v^ » ->.  - .-  , 


PoHseHBioii  Point.  N.  i  K.,  7^  nii|p». 


Posscssiui,  S„;in(l.  Point  Elliot. 


I  Hill ■  "irrririiiirifMimiiiiwii  iiiiiii   i     ■      amiiim'    ■  i      '    •  •'■■^^-   '■-  ^-  ''-     ■  i 


West    i',.|l: 

SK.  hvS..,  II.  l; 


ail|Ulir.liri> 


liattcry  Point. 
' t  Sound, 


Kobinson'.s  Point.   I'oiiil  .lnH'erson.    Appletreo  Point. 


i! 


tl'<!      ii       t"    ( 


.^i 


I  ■:!■ 


ii'-; 


I,  ^n 

■■'i- 


PAriKIO  COAST   ril.OT. 


599 


Cli.iiiiM'l  and  nclliiifrliiim  nay.  The  doptli  of  water  flii(>ii;,'li(nif  ttio  snimrl  Is  lar?o,  oTfrpf  nt  'Iio 
.|,  liasol"  tlu>  rivt'i'M,  wliicli  luin;,'  dnwri  an  imiiiciiM'  ainniuil  (iralliivinl  riiatrrial  tliiil  i|iiii'tly  ilopoH- 
ii>aiiil  fonim  very  fxtcimivo  iiiiiil  Hats.  That  Cioiii  tlic  S(|n.)iiaiMisli  Uivi-r  lias  nearly  lillcd  in 
acKist  tlie  sound  and  reduced  tlie  cliaiinel  to  iMie-tliird  nl'  a  n<ile  wide,  wiili  mily  Iniir  to  six  falli- 
'iiiiM  of  water.  Tliere  are  nnnieroiis  vjlla^jes  and  towns  on  the  rivers  iiiid  on  the  sliores  of  tlio 
mmiid,  anil  Itesidt's  tlio  tratlle  hi  Nailin;;  vessels,  rejinhir  eoiiiiiiiMiiialioii  is  kept  up  l>y  steamer 
fii.iii  Seattle  witli  all  the  towns  and  settlemenls.  The  shores  present  Die  ^'cneral  features  of 
|'ii;,'et  Sound,  luit.  the  <'liaiinels  are  narrower,  aver.i^'in;;  alioul  («o  miles  in  wiilih.  and  the  depth 
of  water  inside  the  southern  entranee  reaehes  sixty-live  fathoms.  There  are  no  known  daii;,'eis  in 
the  ehannels.  The  shores  of  the  deltas  of  the  rivers  are  low  and  muddy,  and  liehind  them  there 
is  a  dense  forest  and  iinder;;r(iwtli.  \\\'  have  lately  passrd  tliiou','ii  the  Miiind  and  through  Do- 
ri'pliou  I'asH  in  both  diructiou.^t  in  one  of  the  PosseHsion  Sound  steam  Ixiats. 


TOUT   OAKKNKI!.* 


Th«  southern  part  of  the  Nound  runs  almost  north  from  I'ossessioii  Point  for  tlireo  and  n  half 
miles,  to  abreast  I'oint  I'illiot  on  tin- east,  when  it  widens  out  into  a  nearly  cirenlar  iiasiii  live  and 
.1  half  miles  ill  diameter,   with  (iediiey   Island  a  mile  and  a  liail   lonL'  in  the  middle;   this  basin  is 


loeallv  known  as  Port  (lardner,  altlioii'di  the  Coast  Snivev  chart  restricts  tliat 


lie  to  the  south- 


east part.  The  sliiues  are  lii^li  and  b(d>l,  and  wooded  en  the  summit  of  the  llat  mesa  like  lands. 
There  is  deep  water  and  no  dan;;ers  close  under  eiliier  >h(Me.  This  port  receives  the  Snohomisli 
lliver  in  the  northeast  part.  The  liver  in  its  lower  course  comes  tiiidii^h  a  marshy  \alley  two 
miles  wide,  liehind  Point  F.lliot  is  the  town  of  .Mnckilli'-o,  wliicii  lias  two  small  wharves  ami 
probablN  twenty  Inuiscs;  and  four  miles  farther  .ilon^' the  shore  to  the  northeast  is  the  town  of 
Port  Ciaidner. 

Ill  the  iKM'lliwest  part  of  this  ])ort  the  lii;;li  southeast  point,  of  ("amano  Island,  called  Point 
A I  lei  I, f  divides  Port  (lardner  into  two  ehannels  lead  in;;  to  the  norihwesi ;  the  oin-  to  the  «ast  two 
tulles  wide  leads  to  Port  Susan  and  the  Slilla;,'uaniisli  I!i\er;  the  one  to  the  west  is  the  Saiato^ja 
I'.issa;',!',  and  leads  by  a  line,  liroad,  deep  channel,  lifteeii  or  sixteen  miles  Inii;,'.  between  tlur  west 
siile  of  Camaiio  Island  and  the  east  side  of  Whidbey  Islaml.  to  the  ninth  end  ol  the  lormer. 

Point  .Mien  at  the  south  end  of  Caniano  Island,  and  Sandy  Point  on  Whidbey  Island,  oiio 
and  two  tliiids  miles  south  of  the  former,  are  the  entrance  points  to  SaraIo;;a  Passa^ie. 

Tiilcsiit  Miichilli'",  I'nrt  (tiuiliicr. — The  Corrected  F.stablisliiiieiit,  or  mean  inliival  between  the 


Mi'Min's  transit  and  the  time  of  lii^fli  water,  is  xvi''  oil 


Th 


iiean  rise  and  fall  is  ll '.»  feet. 


To  obtain  the  times  and  Innjjhts  of  any  tide  thr(Uij;lioiit  the  year  consiili  the  Paeitie  Tide 


1'. lilies,  published  annually   by  the  P.  S.  Coast  and  (b'odeth;  Survey.     Tin' any   reijiiiri 


d  tide  tirst 


l.ili It  the  <|uaiitities  I'idin  the   Pent   Townscnd   Table  for  the  rei|iiired  dale.     'I  olhejiiven 

time  of  hiph  water  a<ld  thirty  niiniiies,  .iml  to  the  liei;;lit  add  one  and  Ibiirtei,  ■■     eet ;  to  the 
uiven  time  of  low  water  add  fortvtwo  niiniiies.  and  from  tlio  hci^'lit  subtract  four-:    .ins  of  ii  foot. 


OEDNKV    1.><I.AM», 

I,,\  in;;  in  the  middle  of  Port  Ciardner,  is  one  and  a  half  miles  Ion;;  east  by  south  and  west  by 
norlh.  When  seen  from  the  northwest,  comin;;  out  of  Sarato;;a  Passa;;e,  it  .shows  a  moderately 
Nteep  blnir  lo  the  west,  ami  a  low,  .slowly  risini;  bintf  to  the  east,  both  covered  with  Ore;;-on  pine. 
I'lieie  is  one  ,womineiit  trci"  on  this  east  point  where  ;i  !  iw  sand  spit  shows  out  altont  lifty  yards 
.IS  it  IS  appro.iclied.  As  seen  from  the  noithward  '.  lii'lside  on,  the  riiluc  line  of  (iedney  Island 
looks  moderately  level,  about  eighty  feet  hi;,'li,  and  covered  with  ()re;,'oii  itiiie.  The  trees  are  the 
iii;;hei' on  the  northwest  end. 

Oil' the  .southeast  point  of  the  island  there  is  a  urea t  erratic  bowlder  visible  at  low  water, 
■flieie  IS  moderately  deep  water  around  the  island.  .\  bank  wiili  lifteen  fathoms  is  reported  by 
Ihe  steam  boat  captains  to  lie  more  than  half  a  mile  olV  the  northwest  point  of  the  island  towards 
Allen  Point  or  Caniano  Heud.  Around  the  south  shore  tliere  is  a  depth  of  ten  fathoms  nearly 
half  'i  mile  otV;  and  on  the  prolon;;ation  of  the  axis  to  the  east  southeast  of  the  southeast  point 
there  is  a  shoal  wliiidi  extends  out  a  little  over' half  a  mile  with  a  depth  of  only  three  and  a  half 
fallioiiiM  at  the  end.     Outside  of  these  the  depths  imrrease  to  as  much  as  sixty  five  fathoms. 

•Tills  W118  imimMl  russrHsicm  Sdiiiiil  liy  Viim;i'  ivrr  ill  May,  1792, 
tNuiuoil  by  Viiuooiivcr  iii  -May,  IT'.I-J,  IViut  Alan. 


:  :ii'!  I    :  . 


1?  >' 


. . .  F- ' 


^%  4/  '^^ 


i):i 


(; 


tm 


M 


GOO 


pacikk;  coast  imlot. 
rvx.Auv. 


Tliis  is  nn  Iiuliiin  n'scrvuticui  in  tli.'  Mnall  l.;(,\  ..r  tlic  saiui-  m:iiii«>.  Ft  li«>s  on  fli..  inain  si,,,,,, 
ncarl.v  iiliicast  of  All.n  l'..int  iil  tin*  cnli.iiic'  to  I'.ni  Siix.iii.  Tlio  west  |Miint  of  ;li.'  iiui.in.v  Im, 
11  Itrljjhl  inktt'li  III'  liliiir  Willi  pill. .«  n|><>ii  it;  tlir  l.liilV  is.iliciit  r<>ily  firl  lil;;li  uml  .■.Imn  \,ii,1,1,„, 
Tho  sniitli.M.st  point  li.i>  II  l.ii^lit  l.lnlV  wiili  Ihts,  uikI  ik  low  ni'ik  of  I.iikI  lowanl^  tli.-  LuiMii.". 
of  tlif  Sistfii  oi"  ('li.nitv. 

The  Im,\  is  pioti'i'ti'il  liy  two  points,  ;inil  tl ntijinci>  s(Mni>\vliat  ri-sfiictcd  by  a  nIiomI  mmki  ; 

out  from  tlio  iimiliwisi  |iiiiMt  to  tlic  midillf  o|  tlio  opening:.  The  I'litrani'i- is  op^'ii  to  tiic  ^mmiI, 
wi'st.  .Mill  till-  two  points  arc  al>oiit  on.-  ilniil  of  a  niilr  apart.  Tin'  lainl  is  low  ami  clrar..!  '..  I,  i,: 
till'  liay ;  all  tin-  liiii!iliii;;s  aio  lli'sciv  alion  hiiililiiiKs,  ami  an- on  tin- sloping'  plots  in  ilic  iimh!,,;,-! 
pait  of  iln>li;i\.  In  llii«  koiiiIum.sI  an^ilo  of  tin- liav  llii'iv  ari' two  laip- l»iiililiii;,'s  of  tiic  lniiliUii:. 
of  till"  Sisti'isof  Cliaiitv,  Willi  a  sin, ill  I'linicli  lictwci'ii  tlit'in. 

TuhUii>  /;.ii/  /;»..//*.— Two  lmo\s  havo  Ihtii  placnl  to  mark  tin'  I'litiaiiri- to  this  .iik  Imli., 
Olio  i.H  u  bliuk  njuir  huin/,  ami  tl tlicr  is  a  rnl  hjhd-  li\ii>\i. 

Vint  SiiMtn,  Slllliiiiiiiiiiii-h  tShiujh. — Two  spai  Iniovs  liavi'  liri'ii  jilai'i'il  otV  tin-  not tlif.i>.i  vli,,], 
of  Clin, mo  l>l.inil  lo  ni.iik  ilio  rlianml  inli  .S|illaKnaiiii>li  Sloii-li,  at  tin-  noiili  mil  ol   I'mi  Sumi, 

I'oit  iSiiMtii,  Ihiris  Sloiiijli — .Six  spar  Imio.nm  liavi'  ln'i-ii  phui'd  to  iiuilk  llio  cliaiiiul  Icnlin.  lu: 
Davis  iSloii;,;li,  oir-  of  tlio  inoutlis  of  tin-  SiioIioiiiIhIi  lliviT. 

«AUATO(lA  PASSAOE. 

Tills  is  till"  tiiH',  hroail,  ilt'cp  strait  loailiiif;  from  Port  (lanlmT  to  the  iiortliwostwanl  Im  i  (,,: 
Cain.imi  Island  on  tin' i  ast  and  \Vliiillif\  Island  on  tlii'  west.  This  strait,  fiom  Ciiiiaiiii  IIimiI; 
tlif  nulls  of  rtsaladv ,  is  i'i;;litiTii  null's  Ion;,'  Tin-  iMstiTii  slmrc  is  rontiniions,  w  lii'icas  inin  ih, 
western  sliori' pi'iH'tiatr  llolini's  llarlioi,  I'riiii's  ('(>vi',<)ak  flailuir,  and  Diiiicairs  Hay.  TIm^Im/ 
avi'ia;.'i's  two  niilrs  in  width;  ilic  shoics  an'  ItliitVs  covi'ii'd  with  Ori';;oii  pint',  tint  not  snili!».'. 
as  lii't'ori'  till'  sawmills  di'pli'tcd  tin-  foii'sis  TImti'  art-  praiiii-  opcnii  on  I'itliiT  sidr.  'lie  ■  li  .i 
iicl  is  fioiii  twi'iit.x   latlionis  Ii>  lit'ly  livo  fatlioiiis  dri'p,  with  (jood  wr  osi-  iindiT  tlii'  slmn  ■.     Nii 

steam  lioaf  iiavij:ation  ronld  In-  licltrr  in  j,'ood  wratlirr.     In  smoky  "iiii\  wi'iitliiT  tin   -i  i  - 

boats  inn  li\  roiirsi's  and  liiiii',  acfordiiiii  to  tlii' cm  ii'iits,  and  iisi- tin- <  idio  of  'Ix.' .strain  wli;~:'  '" 
di'ti'iniini'  tlirir  proMinity  to  tin-  land. 

Tins  sir.iit  was  nanit'd  Toil  (iardniT  liy  N'anroini'r  in  May,  1(1*2.  It  ri'ci'ivcd  its  ihimh; 
uaiiiu  from  tlie  Ciiited  Ktati's  Kxiilorin^'  Kxpiditioii  in  IKtl. 

ai.m;n  roiNT. 

This  is  tln>  Koiitli  f'lid  of  Camaiio  Island,  and  foiiiis  tlio  iinrtli  point  of  tlio  t'litranct' t"  Sm 
topa  I'.i.ss,i;:i'.  It  risi'.s  iidaiid  tolln- tup  of  tin- (n-cs,  whii-li  aicfstiinati'd  at  onr  hnmlicd  aiMl-i\i\ 
fci't  aliovi'  tin'  w  itrr.  .\  ;,'ri'.it  l.ind  sHdr  has  i.tki'ii  plarr  Iuti',  and  thifi-or  four  aiTi's  ol  tin  |...;:t 
has  slid  aw,iy.  Ii-.ivin;,'  a  low,  ontrr  w  liiio  rkiy  .'litV.  with  a  few   lirrs  upon  it ;  then  tlir  siirlan  I  il  - 

hack  to  till'  liasi'of  tin'  .sfcond   or   iiini'i'  while  clay  clitV,  which    rises  to  alituit  one  h Ii"l     ■ 

al'ove  the  water,  and  is  eoveied  on  the  summit  with  liif,'li  pine  trees.  There  is  deep  u.i;h  n! 
Point  AUtii. 

This  point  is  known  to  steamlioat  captains  as  Camaiio  Head. 

There  is  a  tradition  amoii;,'  the  Indi.ins  that  wlieii  this  slidi"  took  placo  many  lmli,ii'  '^n' 
killed,  and  they  never  land  upon  it. 

Sint'ly  I'oint.  oi.  \Vliidlie\    Island,  aliieast  of  Allen    Point,  (ind  forming  the  south  point  "I  ;ii' 

entrance  to  .Sarato^M   Pa.ssa;;e.  is  moderately  Ion;;,  low,  and  has  no  Inishes,     The  hliitV  U<1 1 

rises  |p.\  lliree  Steps,  with  st ra;;;,'liii;:  'lees.  There  is  a  house  at  the  inner  or  western  end  ol  I  ■  !•  ' 
l.each  of  the  point,  with  a  cleared  space  on  the  sloping',  rising;  yrniind,  and  a  white  lionsc  m  il;. 
upi>er  part  of  the  clearing'.  There  is  liold  water  clo.se  under  this  j.oiiit.  Il  is  locall\  kii"Mi,r 
,Joe  lliown's  I'oint. 

Host  I'oint  is  on  the  west  side  of  SaratoKa  Pas.sa^re,  six  miles  west  I'y  north  one  ipiartei  '!: 

from  Sandy  Point.     The  point  on  the  opposite  side  of  the   chanml,  distant  one  and  a  hall    n''' 
i»iid  iM'ariiiK'  north  by  west,  is  I'oint  Lowell,  on  Camaiio  Island.     ICast  P«>iiil  i-  a  short,  low.      n 
Bpii,  bad  I'd  by  a  hi«li  bliilf  well  wooded.     The  tops  of  the  trees  are  estimated  t.»  be  one  li      '■■''■ 
aud  fifti  feel  abovo  the  water.     There  is  very  deep  water  otl'  the  I'oint.     Point   Lowll  h  ■      •: 


ii'H  on  till*  III  nil  m||miv 

it  III'  till'  run. I ||;|« 

I  mill  Hi\l\  \  .ihKliH  ;. 
:ti\\iiriN  till'  I'liililiii;. 

I'll  liy  a  sliniil  Mi.iki' ; 

•  is  (l|n'll    III  till'  Miijlli 

i\v  atiil  I'lriiii  i|  'ii'lniui 

]llll|S   ill   till'   l">ll!ir;|<| 

iliii^'s  ol'  till'  I'liiliiiii:-. 

U^•^'  til  lliis   .1111  liil.i:i 

itV  till'  linlllli'.i^l  "Ihl. 
ith  t'litl  III'  I'm  I  SiiMi,. 
iiocliaiiiit'l  Irailiiv  nit" 


ortlnvi'Stwiiiil  li.'i'\.i: 
friiiii  Ciiiiaiiii  III  I'i ; 
iiiciiis,  w  lii'iciis  iiiiH  III. 
iiciiirs  liav.  Till  ~tM.' 
liiii',  lint  nut  sn  ill  !i-"  1;. 
citlii'i'  .siili'.  'i'li<  '  li  111 
•  nniliT  till'  .slum-:  N'l 
jljiy  wt'iitlii'r  till     'i   ■' 

(if    'In-  .sll'lllll   will-'   '    '" 

It  U'coivi'il   its  111.-.:: 


f  tin'  t'ntraiiff  I"  ^i'  i 
(ini-  liniiilrt'il  himI  -  x"' 
rmii'  ai'it's  111  !l"  I  " 

tlll'll   till'  Mill. 11'    t :'  - 

ml  oni'  liiiiiiliiil  I" 
'Ikti!  i.s  «U'i'l'  "■'■"  ''■ 


I'o  many  Inili.n 

till'  sDiMli  imiit' 

Til.'  liliilV  I' 

\M'>l('rii  t'liil  "I  I 

III  a  wliili'  lii'ii^' 

1 1  is  liirallN  l>i 

mill  I'lii'  iiiiaili  ' 
t  mil'  anil  a  li.il' 
i»  a  slimt,  \«\\ . 
itt'il  III  III'  <"i"'  '' 
I'tiint    LiiW'll  li  I 


I'AciriC  COAST   I'll.MT. 


CO] 


•:v      I 


ill  I'P  WiitiT  nil' it.  One  anil  a  lliinl  inili'H  wrsl  siiiitli\M'>t  frmii  Mast  I'lijnt  is  l.'iu'iiv  I'niiil.  tin' 
iiiiiiiii;;  jiiiint  inlii  lliilm"H  llailior,  wliii'li  nuis  .suiiih  smillnasl  lur  Imu  ami  a  liall'  inilrs;  it  is  mii> 
:iiiil  a  liair  iiiilt'.'*  Willi',  anil  has  lwrnt\  Cilliiinis  iil'  wati'i  In  ilii'  lirnil,  uliiih  is  Diily  om-  Miilc  rrmii 
Miiliny  I'.ay. 

h'lwk!/  I'ltiiil  is  low  at  tlir  wali'i's  ciIml  umiI  iisi's  ;.'i.iiiii:il|\  In  i.i;,r|iiy  li'i'i.  'I'lic  liccs  liavn 
Hill  cut  a\va\  anil  siinit  now  ikmis  ii,  Aliuiii  mii' liiiinli-.'il  \aiils  ntl  the  |iiiinl  is  a  iix-kv  islet 
iiiMiiil  with  siriili.  It  isaliiiiil  liliyyaiils  in  I'Mint  al  low  walcr,  ami  is  tln'ii  I'linm-i'li'il  with  tlio 
|iiiiiit. 

W'dlsdl,  I'liiiil  lies  oil  the  west  siilr  of  ilu' Saratii;,'a  I'.issa;;i' ami  iiiiii' ami  a  hall' mill's  north 
lilly  «'i;;lit  ili'iAivcs  west  (N.  ,VS  \\'.)  ||.,ni  llast  I'mni.  \vjnii.  I  In- |i.i>s,i;;i' wiilms  to  four  or  llvo 
mih's;  tow  arils  the  west,  aioiiml  Point  WalsaU.  isthi'  lii-aiitil'iil  harlim  of  I'l'iin'stuvi'.  three  ami  ii 
half  miles  lon^'  ami  one  mile  wiije,  with  lifteen  to  seven  f  itlioins  of  w.itir,  ami  lii'.uli!i;.'  within  ii 
iMile  aiil  a  hall  of  I'liiiit  rarlriil/i';  tow.inls  the  north  iii.rth«esi  are  the  hroail  lia.\s  of  O.iK  llnr- 
1 ml  Diiiieaii's  W.w  :  |i>  the  nm  theastwanl  jiisl  Ih'MhiiI  I'niiit  l»"miii'k  is  rtsahiily. 

Tlii'ie  is  ileep  water  almii;  all  these  shuns.  e\ie|ii  olf  roint  Watsak.  where  a  nanuw  shoal 
iiiMs  to  the  iiiirlh  northwest  for  fully  half  a  mile,  with  Iweuty-um-  fathoms  of  water  on  llie  i-ast 
>iile  anil  sixteen  fallmnis  on  the  wist  snle. 

in  iiV    HIT    WAISAK    fiilNl. 

At  tlieextreinity  of  Point  Watsak  there  is  plaeeil  a  ximml.ilii.ss  niiiliin,!/  iiuiiitnl  lilncl;  iiiiil  mini- 
lin-iil  I.  It  is  plaeeil  in  four  falhmiis  of  water  alioni  lifly  \aiils  olf  tlie  emi  of  ihe  spli,  whieli  has 
only  one  fatlioni  upon  it  at  low  w.iiei.  I'loiii  Ihisliiioy  Point  l>eiiioi'k  lieais  iinrilieasi  half  east, 
fiiiir  miles  ilislant  ;  ami  I'mlies  Poini,  i.siii;:  lielweeii  Hiineairs  P.a,\  ami  Oak  llailmr.  mullinorlli- 
West,  ilistant  two  anil  a  tlnnl  miles. 

Thisiioinl  is  locally  known  as  Sn'il.ilnnil  I'niui,  ami  is  so  ;>oteil  in  ijie  Imoy  list. 

I'oiNT  roi.NKi.r.. 

This  ]ioint  is  on  Wliiilliey  Isl.iinl  ami  forms  ihe  eastern  lioiimlar\  of  Unncan's  P.ay  ;  it  lies  four 
miles  nmlh  liy  east  half  east  |N.  Iiy  ll.  \  K.)  from  Watsak  i'oiiil  :  tun  miles  iiortliwesi  1iy  west 
(N\\.  liy  \\ .)  from  Point  Uemock,  ami  two  ami  one  thinl  miles  west  Irom  I'tsalinly.  lletwi'cn  it 
ami  lisaiaily  the  liro.nl  ."saraioi^a  P.issa;;e  may  lie  sanl  to  ciiil  al  the  turn  aroiiml  Point  neiiiock, 
the  iiurthwest  point  of  Camanii  l.>lanil. 

Point  Polnell  is  a  Ion;:  narrow  point  iutliii^  mil  to  t!ie  south  southeast  frmii  the  roiinilin<T 
slime  lii'liinil  it.  When  seen  fioiii  the  solllliwaiil  it  looks  like  a  lillill  laceil  islet.  I.ocally  tlii.s 
]ioint  is  known  as  .Miller  Point. 

rrsAi,  u>v.» 

Tins  is  the  most  important  place  on  Pussessimi  Smiinl.  It  lies  on  the  northwest  side  of 
damano  Islanil,  twenty  se\en  miles  li\  miil  iliaiinel  ciiiirsc  Irmn  the  smilliciii  entrance  of  Posses- 
Kimi  Soiiml.  The  channel  to  it  through  .S.iralojia  Passaj;e  averaues  nearly  two  miles  wiile.  tho 
water  is  ileep,  the  shores  are  liohl.  anil  there  are  no  known  ilant;ers.  The  cliart  is  a  ;;ooil  ■iiiiilanco 
fur  a  vessel,  liut  the  nsiiiil  proceilnre  is  lor  a  \e>sel  to  lie  lowed  eithei'  way  ;  nevertheless,  we  givo 
lieiewith  short  descriptions  of  the  points,  I'lc  as  hiuli  np  as  Ptsalaily. 

There  is  a  very  extensive  sawmill  lucileil  lieiv,  capalilc  uf  a  daily  output  of  a  hundrpd  thou- 
Kimd  feet  of  Ininher;  tlieie  is  deep  water  cluse  to  the  wharves,  and  capital  |iiotection  in  all 
Wiaihers.  Vessels  reach  il  liy  the  soiiili  eiiti.iinc  to  I'ossessimi  Sound,  ihrmiyh  Port  (iardner, 
mill  Sarato;,'a  Pa.ssa;;e  to  Puini  DemocU.  It  is  at  the  he.id  ol  the  limail  waters  of  the  rfarato^ra 
l':i>saj,M'  on  the  noithwest  shore  of  Camaiio  Island.  Poiiii  l>iiiiock  is  a  Imiu  ronmlinf:  point  form- 
iiii;  the  northwest  an};lt' of  the  island,  and  I'lsalaily  is  alimit  a  mile  and  a  ipiarter  to  the  nortli- 
t'.ist  from  it,  with  the  islet  like  liliitV  of  Point  t'olncll  he.irin-  west,  distant  two  and  a  third 
miles. 

In  a  stronji  nortlu'Hy  wind  there  is  nu  swell  from  the  Inuad  water  towards  the  shores  of  tho 
(lilla  of  the  iSinionamish  Itiver,  liecansc  they  are  mostly  Hats. 

Many  det'ii  ves.sels  have  loaded  at  Plsahnl.N  with  Inmlier  ami  spars  lor  the  Pacilic  Coast  porta, 


"I'niiiiiiiiii'i'il  Oi>(,-.siili-liili'-ili. 


4. 

'  ¥ 

1 


t      !     ' 


^m-\ 


m 


(!i»2 


rAriKic  roAST  pm-oi". 


lor  tlic  soi!!!>   riU'ilic.  Austnili:).  Asiatic,  and   luiropoan  poits.     At  one  tiini'  it  tliil  a  ln^,  tiH,,, 
'vitli  I'ranc*'. 

Tlio  ajipmximato  |,'f.);:rai>liical  position  of  ',  .saliidy  i^  : 

'■'»"""''' I-   ir.f  iMMii,. 

'-""K'ii'Kl'' i-M  mij'  «,.>i. 

Till'  majiiu'ti.-  variation  in  .lannaiv.  ISSC,  was  L"."^^  JS'  oast,  witli  no  annnal  incriMsc. 

Oak  Ilarltorauil  Dnncan  Hay  aiv  l«oha\son  Wliiillicy  I.slan.l  at  llit>  northwest  pan  m' Sai;, 
to^Iii  Tassac*'.  Tlu'r<>  is  tln>  town  oC  Oalv  Ilarlx-r  at  tin'  lu'ad  of  tin' lornicr.  /•'>'( //-s  /'..i/ir  i> ,, 
liroail  pcninsnla,  one  ami  a  liaif  inilfs  loii};,  lying  iM'twccn  tin>  two  hays,  ami  stnii  in  .  MMUhiu 
■ast  (S.  Iiy  I'..).  Arcnnil  tins  Itroad  point  is  shoal  water,  and  l>noys  have  lieen  placed  Iim  n.ililitii, 
Ktoani  iKiats  to  .;., M  it  in  lo;;j;y  and  smoky  weather. 

I'OUIIKS   I'dlM    moY. 

The  l)in)y  olV  the  Forhcs  Toint  Shoal  at  the  entrance  to  Oak  Ilarhor  has  liceii  iii.r>,ii  lu,. 
luindretl  \ards  to  the  sonthward  into  I'onr  fathoms  of  water, ami  is  now  a  aichh.' , '■;>v  niuilim.n 
jiiiiiitiil  ml.     It  is  located  l»y  the  followin;;  liearin^s  and  distanct's: 

S.)lltll«l■^l    tuilfjl'lll  I.i  I'(irl>rs  I'dilit N,  li>   \V.  i  til  ill'. 

I'liiiit  I'oliml' m:.  j  i;.       :!  iiiiiir^. 

OAK   IIAKIIOIS   nniY. 

A  hhirk  simrbiioji  ha.i  lieen  i>laced  on  the  western  side  of  the  entrance  to  Oak  ILiilmi.  i  .- 
alxMit  one  mile  «est  liy  sonth  one  ipiarter  smith  (W.  In  S.  |  S.)  fnnn  the  red  In"-.  ..ii  loiir. 
Point. 

Odk  Ilarhor  l.iiihl  is  a  //.in/  irliiti  liijht,  dioptric  (lens  hintcrnl,  shown  tVoin  a  uiiiii  |i.isi  nin' 
Iwt  hinli.  It  is  til'teer  feet  aliove  the  water,  and  is  placed  at  the  inner  cml  ot  Ma.\  Im's  >|.ii.  «li,  i, 
It  Joins  the  lilntf.      It  is  !;e|it  on  the  stailtoard  hand  in  entering;. 

Miii/I'ii's  S/iil  l.iijht  is  a  tlxiil  fid  liiiht,  dio|)tric  (lens  lantern),  shown  from  a  while  pn-i  >  ).;1 
feet  h\\i\\.     It  is  twenty  live  feel  aliove  the  water.     It  is  placed  at  the  ,'\trcmil>  ul   Maslii  - 
and  is  kept  on  the  starboard  hand  in  entering. 

SKAilir    BAY. 

Shaijit  /I'/'ri  »•  I'.utrtuur  lUimjn. — Six  spai'  lino\  >  have  lieen  placed  to  indicate  the  i  li.i'iin  I  \\\  ;i> 
entram'c  to  Skajiit  Kiver. 

SAlJAlOtiA    I'AS.'^Atil';    {SIvAlilT     I!  A  V ).  — A  I'l'Itd  ACIIKS     In     lA    'dNMi;,  AT     rill'.    .•<(il    111    !\!i:\N>i 

.s\\  INOMISII    Sl.ol  (111. 

/,(i  Vimner  l.ujht. — This  is   n  li.nil  while  lii/lil  shown  from  a  lantern  npun.i  while  \»'< 
hi;;h  and  twent\   li\e  feel  ahove  the  water.      It  is  located  on  the  vveslern  point  ol  I  In    soiili.r  i-:. 
most  part  of  l'°idal;:o  Island,  abreast  ot'  Small   Island,  and  about   one  .ind  .1  hall   iinle^  •>  i!!i. 
oiu' <pnirler  Hontli  (.'^\N'.  \  S.)  from  I, a  Conner,  lint  is  not  visible  ilniclium. 

Hull'  ill  thr  Willi  l.iijhi.-  riiis  is  a  fuid  inl  liijlit  shown    linm    lantern   npnii  a  whiir  ..,i-t 
leet  lii;:h  and  tifleen  feet  above  the  water,  abont  midv\a\  fiom  l.aCotiuer  l.i|Jit  to  the  !•• 
phu'4'd  on  the  east   side  oi'  Narrow  rhannel,  on   the  west   side  ol    llie  islainl,  hm  a  lu'kx 
sharp  turn  of  the  jias-aiie.     This  position  is  locall\  known  as  tin-  Ibile  in  the  W'.ili,   lU': 
one  mile  south  froai    La  Conner. 

I'liiiit  I'Uamnt  i/ij/A/.— This  is  w  jistd  red  liijIit  shown  troin  a  lantern  upon  a  white  ]><>■.■ 
ImkIi  and  si\  feci  ai»o\e  hl^;h  watei'.      It  is  placed  on  a  low  |MMiit  inside  of  l  he  Hole  in  I  In    >       ' 
on  the  east   side  of  the  channel.     The   point   is  covered   at  lH(,'ii  watei.     The  li-lil  i^  .i'"         i 
eighths  of  a  mile  southward  from  La<'oniier. 

The  approximate  geographical  position  of  this  light   is  latilndc  1>    L".."  41  '  north  ;.    i 
tude  r_"_"^  :W  (Ml'  wc-t. 

(laUii»r  I'oinf  l.iijlit. — This  \mi.  fiurd  ml  liiiht  shown  fnnn  a  lantern  upon  a  wliii 

feet  high  and  six  feet  above  high  'vater.      Il  is  placed  on  Ihe  starboard  -itleof  ll hai 

ing  to  I. a  Conner)  n|>on  a  low  point  of  the  main  land,  oneapiaiter  ot   a  mile  Iroiii  I. a  Cdii'p  1.  .1 ; 
about  tell  feet  from  the  edge  of  the  channel.     The  pninl  is  <-o\ered  at  high  tide. 


PACIKlr   COAST   riI,OT. 


6o:? 


me  it  tliil  .1  l.ii  ^i'  ti.ii 


1-    ir-i   IK. nil. 

niial  iiicnMsc. 
imrtliwcsi  |i,ui  111'  Sill  I 
iriiuT.     J-'iirl"  s  I'fiiii  -  , 

,  :inil    strf|rlir>  sniilli  1.1 
ict'll  |il;l<'('il  III  rii.il.li'lli' 


or    llilS   IkM'II    lliinnl 
V  il   M('(i/ii'  r't.'.N.v    uuii  I 


l.\  \V.         J  mill'. 
.  'i    K.         :\  mill!'. 


(•  to  ();lli   II. III". 1.       I  '  ■ 
till-  led    Im'"-.   .'II    r.'l'' 

,11   lV(>i;i  ;i  "liilf  I"".'  il 
111  of   M;l\  liir>S|.il.  win 

IVoin  a  wliili'  I'.'-i  '    .' 
Iiciiiilv  of  M;i.\l'  1 


nlii  all'  till'  <  li.i'iiii  1  .It  ■ 


I    I  iir,  sol  I II  iM  '■^' 


iiiM  ,1  "  liiti'  i'"^' 

IMIilll   111'  Ml.    ^"iiil  .   <-'■' 

111  ,1  lialf  null'-  ■    '"'•" 

II. 

I II   iii"in  a  >v  liii' 

l.i-lil  to  tlir  1  ■  ' 

iiiil.  on  a  iix'l.v  ; 

I  iIh'  Wall,  aii.i    ■■  II' 

Hill  a  \N  liiii'  )"'■■'      ' ' 

llir  Hull'  Ml  llli     ' 

Tlir  li;;lii  !>•«'"    ■ 

I.".."    l\  '  liol-lli  :.     i 

I'll  upon  a  ulnl-  :  "•>'  """' 
I,.  ,,(■  ilic'lninm  '!i'i'''i 
1.'  tioin  l.a  Colli"  i..iii'ii* 
uli  titlo. 


■  .■% 


LaCuHiur  ChnnniJ  r,uoiis.—i\\\  si  ir  liiio.vs  liavc  Itccn  placcil  to  iinlicatc  tlir  cliamu'l  to  tlio 
town  of  Ka  Coiincr,  111  aiiiliiion  to  tlio  four  Ntakc  li;;lils. 

Kctiiniiiig  iVom  l'o,sst'.s.sioii  Soiiinl  we  rcsiiim'  llic  (IcscriptioiLs  si  ith  of  I'oiul  No  I'oiiit. 

Al'l'I.l';    VMV.V.  COVK. 

Six  anil  oin'»'i^.'litli  miles  .south  forty  ili-jiiocs  fast  (S.  KP  !■;,)  from  roiiit  No  Point  i.-<  a  low  point 
risiii;i  lii'liiiiil  to  hi-liiT  liroiiiiil,  wliii'li  is  wooili'il.  l'"roiii  this  poiiil  tlii'ic  is  a  soft  miiihl.y  tlat 
I'Mi'iiiliiij,'  si'veral  hiinilri'il  \anls  up  tho  sound,  with  };ooil  water  over  il.  l''roi'.  live  to  twelve 
ralhoms  of  water  anil  siieky  mini  liotloin  are  foiii'ii  fully  Imlt  n  mile  from  the  shore,  ami  a  depth 
of  six  fathoms  is  eairied  well  iulo  llie  i'o\e,  w  hieli  is  loiiiiid  liy  a  liroad  reeediiij;'  of  the  short'  for 
nearly  one  mile  to  the  wesiwanl.  Tiie  lieail  of  ihe  eove  is  a  mile  and  a  half  soiiili  of  the  point, 
and  \e.ssels  may  avoid  adverse  eiirreuts  by  aiiehorlii;,' on  the  iiiiidd\  hank.  The  head  of  the  Itay 
1.--  marshy;  no  fresh  water  was  ohtainahle  lure  for  the  sliiji.  Tli''  south  shore  of  the  eove  runs 
almost  east  .southeast  for  a  mile,  and  then  I  rends  mure  to  the  south  tor  one  mile,  to  President  Point. 
I'lieie  IS  very  deep  water  close  under  the  southern  shore  of  this  eove. 

It  wa.s  mimed  by  the  I'nited  States  I'lxphimi^'  I'^xpeditioii  in  IS'il, 

KDMINI)   POINT. 

Directly  ahreiist  of  Ai>|>le  Tree  Cove,  on  tlie  east  side  of  the  inlet  ^)i•  sound,  are  two  points, 
one  and  two  thii'ds  miles  apart,  north  northwest  and  south  soutlieiist  from  each  other.  The  north- 
I'lii  is  I'Miniind  I'oiiit,  liearin;;  south  sixty  lour  decrees  east  'S.  (iP  1'',.)  ei^lit  and  one  third  miles 
liom  Point  No  Point,  and  north  twelve  de;;rees  west  (N.  \~^  W.)  eiulit  ami  two  thirds  miles  from 
W  isi  Point  Lij;lit  hou.se. 

It  is  a  i.:w.  ronndiii};  jioint,  with  a  lauoou  inside  its  shores, and  it  makes  out  from  the  low, 
iiariow  \  alley  '.;el>!<!'.l  it.  There  is  a  bliilV  to  the  southward.  Thence  to  Point  I'lliot,  on  tiie  east, 
side  of  the  entrance  ot  Po.m's^ioii  Sound,  the  direction  is  .iliiiost  imrlh  nine  and  one  third  miles. 
The  shore  north  id'  it  is  lo«  .mil  the  \vatci  deep;  oil'  tlie  point  itself  tli  '  water  is  very  deep.  Tho 
inlet  IS  here  three  and  three  fonilhs  miles  wide. 

rnlNT   WKI,  ..^. 

This  IS  the  lo'.>  point  011  the  ea.-t  side  of  the  .sound, one  and  a  half  miles  south  southeast  fi'oin 
IMiiiiind  Point,  niakiii;;  out  fiom  Ihe  lii;;li  liliilf  hcliiiid  it.  There  is  a  slight  recession  of  the  shore 
liclvM'cn  the  two  poM>'s,  ,ind  the  ten  tailiom  line  is  outside  of  the  line  Joiniii';  them,  1ml  there  is 
aiichora;;e  in  the  bi;;lii,  allhoiiuli  contracted,  an. I  the  chances  are  ^ood  for  fresh  water  at  lii^'li 
tide.     The  thirty  fathom  line  is  close  uinlci  the  pnint. 

ru'i'.siDKN  r  Piii\r  and  roixr  .ii:I''I'M".i;son. 

On  the  west  .side  of  the  sound,  and  on  the  north  side  of  the  entrance  to  Port  Madi.son.  tlioro 

IS  a  line  of  moderalelv  lii.;h.  sti.iiulil.  Mull  •>h with  the  land  rising  heliind  it  and  covered  with 

lii'cs;   It  commcMces  ,il   Prcsideni   Point.  Ilir ml  one  liHh  miles  south  thir;y  one  de;,M'ees east  (S. 

:il  ■  l';.|  from  .\pple  Tree  Point,  and  cnii>  '.lies  one  mile  .south  southeast  to  Point  .lelVcrson,  when 
llie  shore  makes  a  sharji  turn  and  runs  ;o  the  wcsl-.southwest  for  more  than  tliiee  miles.  This 
siiiitliern  face  ol  Point  .letl'erson  is  a  !  'v  hii..;hl  clill  in  pi. ices.  When  alneast  Point  .leirer.son  it 
shows  Inoiu'ii  whiti'  dills  decicaMii;;  lo  the  niiilhwaiil  and  to  the  .southwest ward,  and  then  from 
ilu'  taller  lisili^;  an.lill.  Sirctchin;,'  broad  oil  the  slmre  hetweeii  President  Point  and  Point  .letfcr- 
s.'ii  for  more  than  half  a  mile,  there  is  a  nine  fatlmm  b.iiik  which  alV.nds  caiiital  aiiehorat;e  for  ves- 
sels when  drill  in;;  wilh  li«hl  airs  and  adverse  ciirr.nls.  Close  iiiider  the  south  side  and  ext  ending; 
out  to  four  and  a  half  and  ti\e  fatiionis  of  water  there  is  a  compact  ma.ss  of  kclji  one-third  of  a  mile 
lull;;  parallel  with  the  shore  southwest  and  noitheasl. 

We  d'seovered  tliis  hank  in  l.sr>ti. 

PliIiT    MADISON. 

This  IS  a  broad  and  deep  reei>ssion  of  the  western  shore  of  the  inlet.     I'mh'r  the  north  .shore 
It  stretches  in  three  miles  \\esi  southwest  ;  and 
'I'lie  iiortheni  and  western  .shores  are  the   mam 


rii^'^lh'i 


"4^'H 


!  ,      !   'il! 


not 


I'Arinc  COAST  ni.oT. 


'iBi 


M 


\r 


t        .:M 


J"*"    i 


llilof,  Pnjri't  Sonnil,  nnd  Hood's  ("aiiiil.  Tin-  soiitli  shore  is  llic  iiortluTii  limit  of  I'.iiiilniil-,. 
IsIuimI.  Tlii'if  IS  (lcc|i  \\;it<'i-  tiiroii;;lioiit  tliis  laij;*'  l»av.  laiiKinfi  ti'oin  i'ij;lit\  latlioiiis  ;it  il.  v,„.i|, 
Oii-st  jtart  to  twenty  tathoins  at  tiie  iiortiiwest  part,  Imt  tlicTe  is  a  iiarniw  liaiiii  stielcluiiL;  nhr  iml,. 
Noutii  (if  Point  .lelfiison  witli  tiftceii  latlioiiis  of  water,  saiiiiv  liottoiii. 

I'oiiit  .letVeisoii  is  ilie  iiortlieast  point  of  the  entrance  anil  has  aheadv  heen  (h'sciilii d.  Ti ,. 
Ko'itliea^t  jioiiit  is  a  hiw.  narrow,  saml  sjjit  cnrvini;  inward  Iroin  tlie  outer  sliore  to  the  "i-ni,(i,|. 
and  nierel.N  onllvini:  the  elllls  one  littli  of  a  mile.  This  is  I'oint  Monroe.  One  mile  we-.|  ;i!li\\i>i 
from  I'oiiit  Monroe  tlieic  is  the  nariow  entranee  to  a  nalnr.d  deep  canal,  upon  which,  in  iiill\i(\v 
fmni  the  I'ort.  are  situated  the  I'oit  Ma<lisoii  sawmills.  In  the  west  iiart  of  llie  lia,\  i>  lnviiy 
narrow  eiitiauce  to  l'(  ii  Orch.ird. 

The  north  shores  ofihe  l>av  are  broken  white  <'IilVs  and  inlerveiiint;  low  lie;i(lies.  I  lif  \\i>i. 
iTii  face  is  moderately  low  l)rif;ht  elitVs,  with  the  white  liuildiu},^s  of  the  Indian  roci  \  ati.Mi  m  ilic 
southwest  aiif^le  at  the  entrance  to  .\).'ate  I'assai;e,  The  south  shores  are  liridieii  clilfs.  i\i'r|it  jt 
the  entrance  to  the  I'ort  M.idison  docks.  A  j,'real  hulk  head  is  heiii;,' niaduallv  puvjicd  nut  mi  liu 
east  .'^ide  of  this  coni  lacted  and  short  arm,  which  penetrates  ahont  one  and  a  half  iiitl<"^  id  iIh' 
south  s(Uith\vest.  The  -iictt  mills  are  half  a  mile  inside  the  n..itheast  iioint  of  the  i  iiii.hmc,  «;i|i 
\ciy  ample  wharf  f.icilities,  and  mooiiny;  dolphins  tor  vessels  to  haul  out  to.  The  cliaiiinl  \\;[\  \s 
nariow  and  c.iriies  thirteen  t"eei  of  water.  Outside  the  entranee  to  this  inner  pnii  ihcwuicr 
deep«'ns  to  lifteeii  fathoms  in  less  than  half  a  mile,  except  to  the  west  s(  utliwest,  w  lieie  lie  i,  i>,i  Imi;' 
spit  with  oiilv  III  II  teen  to  eighteen  feet  of  water  upon  it  for  three  and  o  le  eighth  miles  from  i  l.i  .sh  n.. 

The  oiiiput  of  liiinlier  from  these  mills  is  very  larj,e;  they  have  a  daily  caii.icil.v  of  omi  uuf 
liundred  and  tweiii>   fi\e  thousand  feet. 

Port  Madison  is  the  county  seal  of  Kitsap  f'ounty.  of  which  the  iioimlation  is  ahom  i«u  ihn'i 
hand  liM'  hiinilied  :   and  the  assessed  \a1ue  of  the  propeit.x  one  and  a  half  million  doll,ii>. 

The  iKUth  and  west  shores  of  this  hay  are  Indian  reservation. 

univ  oir  roiNT  munkok. 

It  i-^  a  hhich  hiiin/.  placed  Just  ont>ide  the  Ihree-faihoni  bank,  which  makes  out  iioitli  nne  ivhih 
of  a  mil.'  from  the  \,,\\  s.ind.\  hook  of  Point  Monroe.  Very  shoal  water  is  carried  oni  \,  i\  ii,.iil\ 
to  the  three  fiilinm  line,  and  then  the  dc|ilh  incieascs  to  ten  fathoms  in  titty  yards  and  Im  mcniy 
fathoms  III  two  hundred  >aiil>. 

From  lhi>  l>iio.\   we  h.i\e  ilie  foUowinfi  bearin;;s  and  distances  to  prominent  ohjeeis: 

Chll   ;il  111.'  li..til,.jM  ■•iilniiirr  t.i  Ihr   liarl.i.r S\V.    i    W.  ?  iiiili'. 

Line  t.)  rlrar  Miks  ell    til''  iiIkivi'   t  llll WSW.  .'   lull.'. 

rlill  111  r...iil  A^ale ■\V.HI,  I  a  inii.'^ 

r..inl  ,1.11.  r,.iii Nl'>  1'  -i  '"'I'"*' 

Taiii-'iit  t    SoTiiliiMsi  fhtl,  I'.. lilt  M..iir...' ■'^I-    '  ■"'■  I  ""''•• 

WrM  l'..iMl   l,i-lil-li"ii-'    '^    '"      '••  ■'■  "lil'x. 

The  buoy  was  ii'iiioved  in  .l.iiiiiarv,  ISS.S, 

I'oint  Miiinn,.  .\,ir  l.,.,hl.—  \  lens  lantern  showini:  Afitld  rcii  Uijhl  is  silspelid.'d  (ion,  .1  .villi,' 
IM.st  ei-ht.'.'li  led  hi^li  and  about  iw.iitv  live  feel  abov.-  the  level  ol  the  sea.  It  i-  pl.i.v,!  .m  M,,' 
spit  of  Point  Moiiioe.  about  ten  feet  inside  of  hifih  water  mark  and  one  hnndied  .ind  lin>  \;iulrt 
from  tiie  low  water  eii.l  of  the  spit.  I'lom  this  li;;lit  West  Point  I.i-ht  hou.se  bears  !•:.  U  S.  ;>.. 
distant  tour  miles,     'litis  liy:lit  was  liist  exhibited  March  I."i,  iss!t. 

Prom  Point  .Iclbrson  we  ha\e  the  tollowin;,'  beaiin-s  .iiid  .liMances  to  imiiortaiit  ol I-: 

S.    Ill      I'..  .'.^  i,,,li'.», 

\\\\''_ s.  :t:i     i;.      ■J-.'ii,el.- 

s  'ji    !■'..     im  iiiii.- 
s.  l.i  \v.        ','5  i„il.v.. 


W.sl   I'.. 11, 1    l.,j;lilll.>il».' 

KiiliiiiHon  I'liiiil  1. 11^1, 1  liiiii'<i' 

It'i'Hl.irali.'ii  r.iiiit  I. It  i'ort  lllaKily) 
111,1.  Ii  Uii.,\,  I'.. ml  M..11I-...' 


Tulexnt  IWI  .l/.i.(.>..H.-Tliet'oriveted  Ivstablishmenl.  or  mean  interval  between  ih.tiMMOi  iii.' 
•noon's  mendi.m  transit  and  the  time  of  liiuh  w,iter.is  \VI''  Hi-.  The  avera^;e  rise  of  InJi  «..lir 
above  the  pl.iiie  of  reb-reiiee  of  the  chart  is  tell  and  one  teiitli  b'et. 

To  obtain  the  time  and  height  of  exery  tide  throil-l he  Near,  consult  the  r.  S.  (',..4  .iml 

(Je«Mletlc  Snive.N    i'lde   Fables  for  the  Paeilie  I'oast. 

The  p'oKniphieal  position  of  the  north  end  of  the  mill  at  Port  Madison  is: 

,     ,  ,     ,  17      ir  .".T"  ni'illi. 

Lain  mil'    

,       .,    ,  I'.".'    !!■  r.i    ».,! 

I, llll L' 1 1  ml.' 

^•1'  III'"  iiT-.:t. 
Of,  III  lllUV • 


rit  limit  of  HiinluiilM,, 
ly  f;itlM)iiis  ;il  ilii'  v,,;,i|, 
ailk  sticlcluii;;  iilic  iiiilc 

V  liccii  (li'sciiliiil.  Tl;,. 
sluirt-  In  t  111'  \M'>iu,ii,|, 
)iM'  iiiiii'  \\t"-l  >.iiitli\\,.s| 
llHiIl  wliicii.  Ill  lull  view 
t   ol'  tlic  lt:i\  is  ;lir  \ci\ 

(1\V  ln':icll('S,  'i'llc  H|.>1. 
lliliMII   Ii'sci  \  ;llln:i  III  till' 

lu'okcii  ('iilV<,  ('\n  |it  ,it 
IlUlll.N    lillslin!  nut  Mil  till' 

llllll    A    IimII     Illill'^  In  till' 

lit  (if  llic  fiili.iiii  1',  »iih 
111.  Tlif  (■liililiul  \v;i\  i> 
Ills  illUl'l'  llciM  till'  HMli'l 
•est,  wIlCll'  lllrlc  Iv.l  lull;' 

lilli  tnilt's  I'liiiii  111  >|i 

ly  cMitiicilN    of  n\i'i  mil' 

iitioii  is  111 t  I  wii  lliii'i- 

I'  liiilUdn  •iull.ii''. 


\kt'S  (Hit  IlOllll  nlii'  il^lllh 

('Mil  ii'ii  mil  \  II  \  iiiji- 

tl>   \:inl.s  iiikI  I"  nu'iii;, 

iiiiK'iit  (ilijccis : 
ii   \V.         »  mil-'. 


;  mil 

Ii  mil 

'H. 

•Ji  mil 

'S. 

I  nnl 

K.          't-  mi 

rS, 

.iispciiilci!  Iroiii  a  «li '■ 

M'M.        it    is   lililC'l  "'I  ■ 

liniiilii'il  .nil!  Ill'        I 
lllsl'  llcMIs   I!.  Ii\   '^    ,  "■  ■ 

iiii|iiirl;iMl  iiliji'il^; 

i:,  .1^  inili'f. 

I    .         •,'■.'1    lllilri. 
I'..  Illi    MIlll'N. 

\\  .  'Ji  mill'* 

ll.'IWCl'll  lIll'tiMil'lirllK' 
TIM,,  i-isi'  lit   ll>    ''  «''Iil 

Milt  III.'  r.  s.  c.'-tn^'i 

II  is  : 

r,     ir  ..:"  i ii 

::{■   r.i    ».-(. 
I'  111"'  iir-.:l. 


I'AfJI'K.'   (.'OAST   nU)T. 


(JU5 


III  .laiiiiary,  I.SS.-.,  tin-  ma^'iictii!  vaiialioii  was  L'jo  in-ast,  and  (lie  aiiiiiiai  iiicR'asi^  alimit  one 
niiiiillc. 

IN.rl  Madisdii  was  iiaiiu'd  liy  tin-  United  States  Exiiloriii;,'  Kxiieditioii  in  ISll.  Tlio  Indian 
iKiiiii'  is  Ndosoii'kiini. 

nAiNiiniri(!K,  island. 

This  island  lies  in  a  deep  l>if;lit  of  tiic  (iicat  I'cniiisula,  and  ils  casicni  sliorc,  forms  tlic  west- 

I'll!  sidi-  of  llio  iiiici  or  sound  dirccliy  alncasl  West  roinl  ami  Diiwamisli    I!ay.     Tin nil  shore 

l;iiiiis  till' south  side  of  Poll  Madison.  Ii  is  a  little  over  iiiiie  miles  loiiy;  iioilhwcst,  hy  iioilli  and 
three  and  a  half  miles  wide.  It  is  modeiatcly  liiyli,  lias  .some  liijih  liliitl's  alonj;  the  eastern  slioic, 
hilt  this  is  liroken  li\  several  indentatiniis  formiii.i;  anelioia,;;('S  and  liarliors.  At  the  iioilli  end  is 
the  location  of  tlie  Port  .'Madison  mills,  al'i'ad,\  mentioned.  The  siirfaee  is  covered  with  tho  usual 
nniwlh  of  Drejioii  pine.  altlioii;;li  iniicli  eiit  out  liy  the  Inn-Meis.  To  the  westward  of  the  i.slaiid  is 
a.  loii^'  sound,  whieh,  with  its  arms,  is  nearly  thirty  inihs  ion-  ^iiid  about  ono  mile  wide,  with  ii};(iod 
depth  ot  "vatcr  close  to  tho  .shores.     This  is  Poi  t  Orchard. 

roirr  (ikciaud. 

This  is  tlio  tliirtoeninile  Ion;,'  sound  on  the  west  side  of  l>ainl)ridj,a>  I.slaiid.  It  has  anavera;;-e 
width  of  one  mile,  with  a  narrow  and  stiMi;;lit  entrance  from  Pint,  Madison  on  the  north,  and  Ihe 
I'liioked  oiitraiKH' on  the  south  known  as  Picli's  I'assa.nc.  Once  inside  the  suiind  llie  iiavi^jatorean 
sec  no  dire(it outlet,  and  it  looks  like  a  Iiiiii  lake.  The  shores  ortlic  sound  are  i  .oderately  low  and 
eovered  with  Oregon  piiio  to  the  eiln;c. 

The  usual  entrance  was  l>y  Ihe  A-ale  J'as.sa;;e  from  the  southwest  aiiyle  of  Port  Madi.son. 
Tliischannel  is  soinewlial  croidicd,  liiit  il  has  three  and  four  fathoms  of  water  in  it.  On  the  west- 
ern side  of  this  entrance  are  some  w  hile  iialclies  of  lieacli,  formed  liy  clamshells.  Iloth  sides  of 
the  enliance  ar(^  Idiitls.  Vessels  not  well  acipiainted  with  the  channel  must  enter  under  easy  sail 
and  keep  ii  lead  K'*i"rl  •'"  eat^li  side  of  the  xcssel  to  ascerlain  where  thedeeiiest  water  lies.  After 
^'I'lliii;;'  thi'oii;;li  t;ive  Ihe  ])()iiit  one  mile  oil'  llie  western  side  a  lierlli  of  nearly  half  a  mile  to  avoid 
.1  slioal  which  makes  out  east  from  it.  Th<  me  iL  is  plain  sailing;  in  lit'teen  to  IwcnlytlM'.  fathoms 
lit  ua'icr.  After  passinj;  the  liist  point  on  llie  west  an  arm  opens  to  Ihe  iinrlhwest,  and  many  ves- 
sels lia\i'  loadeit  lliiie  with  spars.  Ten  iii;les  up  the  suinliern  cliaiinel  is  another  arm,  live  miles 
Inii^,  stretcliin;;  to  the  wcsliioi  ill  1  n-ide.  this  limly  of  w  atei   is  iri'e;;iilar  in  shaiie,  and  the 

limad  liasiii  is  known  as   Dye's  li  i  the  southern  arm  as  Ostrieli    Pay.    Tin?  depth  of  water 

r.iii;;i's  from  three  to  seventeen  fatlini  ud  .it  Ihe  upper  liasin  are  fon  hI  lieiUdf  oysters.    A  very 

exleiisive  steam  saw-mill  was  erected  on  tins  arm  Imt  was  hni;;  siiiet  Imnu'd  down.  In  coming; 
out  of  Poll  Orchard  vessels  should  not  trust  il  -oiilhern  entranci'.  lii -li's  Passa;;e.  hut  lea\i'  as 
;he>  entered.  We  worked  tlildU;;li  the  soiitlniii  p  -  s  \»itli  Ihe  -inv.yili;;  luiy  I'liiiHtitvmi  and 
lonnd  il  a  risk,\  nndertakin;;.  The  wind  iiia>  leave  llie  vessel  o:-  lie. id  her  niV  at  aii\  mnineii;. 
The  eliart  w  ill  ni\('  all  the  iiifoinialion  neeiled  alioni  the  direction  and  il  |ilh  niihr  water.  (Sci^ 
icmai  ks  under  "  lo'stoiaumi  Point.")  To  olitain  the  lime  and  Inmhl  of  e\eiy  tide  throughout  the 
.\(',ir,  consult  lln^  U.  S.  Coast  and  (icodeiic  SiirxcN  Tide  Talili  -  lor  llir  Pacilie  Coast. 

Sim  sItiit.K    I!A\. 

The  eastern  side  of  the  inlet  or  sonml  iliieclly  alircast  of  I'.ainle  ie  Island  has  a  sharp,  low, 
project  in;;  point  winch  reaches  iieail\  a  mile  into  the  clianiiel  Ih-ui  ,  lie  ;;ciieral  trend  of  the  shore. 
Si  ill  III  ipf  it  iIh'  shore  leads  into  Dnwamish  Pay  ;  north  of  it  lie  ■  •  i>a  liroad  shallow  l)i;;lit  sliclcli 
in;;  two  and  a  (iiiailir  aides  iiuilhwaid  to  Meadow  Point.  The  shore  of  this  northern  stretch  re 
cedes  Hi  Ihe  eastward  alioiil  li.ilf  a  mile,  .inil  near  the  middle  it  is  liroken  liy  the  Shilxlinlc  ('ml,-. 
wlmh  ilrains  I'liion  Lake  three  miles  to  the  eastward  and  cIcmii  and  three  lonrlhs  feel  alioxcllic 
lii^h  water  mark  of  the  sound,  .l/uc/n/r  I'oiiit  is  a  small,  low,  ;;rass\  point,  with  a  marshy  lapioa 
inside,  and  higher  ;;  I  onnd  I  isi  11 M'  hell  icd  thai  ;  and  low  hi  nil's  to  the  north  and  south,  some  hri;;'lil  and 
hiokcn,  others  covered  with  alders,  etc.  West  Point  is  low.  and  ;;rassy.  and  sandy,  with  marsh 
inside,  and  has  the  Li;;ht  lioiistMipon  tlit^  extremity 

riider  the  hiokcn  elilVs  liclwecn  lln^  Shilshole  Creek  and  West  Point  the  low  water  heach  is 
shingle,  hut  outside  of  three  lalhoms  the  holloni  is  siick.\.  On  the  line  hetwecii  the  two  points 
llie  depth  midway  is  Iwciity  live  fathoms,  dr.eetly  ahreasl  the  opening  of  Ihe  creek.     One  third  of 


()(<;( 


If" 


I 


li    !^ 


i; 


r.   «  ^  , 


cod 


TACIKIO   COAST   IMI.OT. 


II] 


:v  milo  iiisith-  this  liii(>  is  tlu'  tliroo-fatlioin  curve.  Tli<>  slioal  wiitor  iimki'soiil  fiirtlicsl  :il  ilu  mhhiI, 
of  tilt'  1  rock.     Two  tVtl  ciiii  ln'  fairii-d  iiitu  tlio  iiioiilii  of  tliis  siiiiill  .sircuiii  at  low  watn. 

AiicluMa;;t>  uia.v  bf  had  in  SliilshoU'  Hay  in  litt«'«'ii  t'athoiiis  of  wat.T  ovor  saiid.v  luiii.uii,  mhi, 
tli'C  I.i^lil  hiiiisc  beat  ill;;  soiitli  distant  thrco  Ibiiitlis  of  a  niih\ 

Thi'H«  is  a  j,'o(id  aiiihoragii  ill  M'voii  to  t''ii  fatlioms  about  two  liniidn'd  and  rdly  \;ihl>  i;,,;:i 
shore  bclrti't'u  West  Point  and  Siiilshoh'  t'rct'k,  and  piod  protfction  from  soutlu'a.sl(i>. 

It  has  bt'cn  proposed  to  I'xcavatc  a  idiaiiind  from  tiic  sound  to  I'liion  Lake,  and  iliu>  li.ni'  v 
safi'  port  III  frosh  \val«'r.  liin-ally  this  bay  is  known  as  Sahnou  l>ay.  Tor  tides  see  U.  S.  (  nasi  ami 
Ueodt'tii;  Survey  Tido  Tables. 

T'iK   WEST  I'OINT   I.KillT-nOUSE. 

This  T-i^ht  is  on  the  jiointat  tlie  northwest  pailid'  Diiwainish  ISay.  It  is  a  h)w,  f;iav>\.s,iiiilv 
point;  stretches  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  tlie  gently  risiiij;  ;troiuid  immeibately  ImIijihI  ii,  inil 
eoNficil  with  Jar^ti  stra^),'lin;j  pines.  The  soul  li  shore  of  the  point  lies  east  and  west,  a  in  I  ihc  ninili 
shore  iiorthea,st  by  east.  The  fjreater  part  of  the  point  is  taken  up  by  niiirsh,  with  an  ci|m  nini;  i,. 
the  sound  on  the  nortli  shoi-e.  The  three-fathom  eiiive  is  tinly  one  hundred  and  lifly  sahU  (him,!,. 
the  point,  and  the  bottom  drops  away  rapidly  to  twenty-live  and  thirty  fathoms  of  u.iii-t  n,  ;i 
ijuarter  <if  a  mile. 

Hotli  for  purposes  of  general  navi;:alioii  and  for  the  '.'I'.^ran.e  to  Seattle  llarlim-,  .1  l.i:;li!. 
lioiise  has  lu'en  established  on  the  exlreinity  of  West  Point. 

The  outermost  structure  is  a  one  storied  squart^  tower  twenty  feet  high  and  ten  m  iwiKc 
feet  square,  with  a  wat,  h  and  oil  nnnu  attached.  The  tower  is  paiute<l  white,  and  llie  diimc  ami 
the  parapet  of  the  hint«>rii  are  black. 

Tht^  illuminating  app.iiatus  is  of  the  fourth  order  of  the  system  of  I'li-snel,  and  \\;is  liM 
exhibited  N  iveinber  l.">,  ISSl.  From  sunset  t,.  sunrise  it  slio.vs  w  jUishimj  lujUt^nUirndttUi  ndnivi 
irhitf  crtii/  ten  uniinilx.  In  October,  IHS."),  we  tiineil  tlie  light  as  follows:  While  Hash  tm  ihu.mI 
a  half  seconds  :  eclip-ic  six  and  a  half  seconds;  red  tlash  two  and  a  half  seconds  ;  eilqiM  ,m\ 
scc«inds  ;   and  repeat  in  same  order. 

The  height  of  tlie  focal  phuie  is  t  wentyseven  feet  above  the  mean  level  of  the  sea,  ml  iimlii 
favorable  conditioiw  ..f  the  aliiios|)heiv  slnndd  be  m-cii  at  a  distance  often  and  a  (|iiailei  mili-. 

riie  geographical  position  of  the  Light  house,  as  giveu  by  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  (ndiliin 
Survey,  is  : 

I,atitii.U> 47"  -M'  4:i".;t  n.iilli. 

l..iUKitmle  l"-iv     -JC.    Wi'.X  W.St. 

Or.ii.liim- '■'■    y     ••l'-^- 

The  Light  is  therefore  only  one  and  a  half  seconds  west  of  San  l-'raueisco. 

TIIK    F<)(iSI(iNAI.    AT    WK.ST    POINT. 

The  fog-HJgnal  striu'ture  is  a  w(M>deii  luiilding,  one-story  high,  i»aiiited  wliite,  willi  1  I'"" 
r<K>f.     It  stands  alHini  tweiil>   \ards  in  the  rear  of  the  Light  house. 

The  steam  fog-signal  is  a  I  >  ilioll  trumpet,  which  is  sounded  during  thick  and  foggy  ui.iil'i 
it  gives  IiUiMh  itf  tire  kiihihIs  (liinition,  irith  itttirntls  «f  tir<nl\i-Jire  neconih 

It  was  liisl  s<iunded  Februar\  7,  ISs;,  when  the  bell  tower  was  removed. 

Inside  of  (he  Light  house  and  the  fog  signal  house  is  the  keeiK'r's  dwelling,  a  wooden  Ihhi-. 
one  anil  a  half  stories,  p.iinted  white  with  green  blin.ls  ;  beyond  tlie,sc  buildings  is  the  \^o,Hl■.l^ 
'■ic.     This  point  is  soiuetiuies  kuown  as  Sandy  I'nint  by  the  steamboat  cai>taiu.s. 

DUWAIWISH    BAY. 

On  the  eastern  side  of  the  sound  and  under  the  south  side  of  West  Point.  Dnwaini-h  I- 
opens  with  a  width  (d' live  and  a  third  mile.-, .  ontracts  rapidly  -o  two  and  a  third  miles  l-ili  n.i 

the  th  ami  south   shores,  and  then  c.mtinnes  with  that  «id.;i  for  two  miles,  to  the  vAi:<  oi  n 

extensive  Hats  at  the  month  of  the  Duwainish   Uivcr.     The  entrance  to  the  bay  o|-en>  Im-.ni.i 
to  the  northwest  and   lies  directly  abreast  Kagle  ll..rbor  and  Blakely  Ilarb.M,  whicli  are m,  11. 

west  side  id'  the  sound.                                                                                                                                 . 
This  broad  sheet  of  water  is  important   as  forming  the  harbor  of  Seattle,  a  town  nv  in.  1 ■ 

gruwu  with  laruu  coiuuiercial  ami  productive  iuti-rests. 


tllC'st  III    llir  iiHUlll, 

w  watn. 

*aiul,V  ImiII.iiii,  Mill, 
ml  liCly  ,\  ;ili|>  II, ,111 

u'a>li'i>. 

c,  ami  Ihii-  liii\(.  n 

SCO  U.S.  Coa.slaiiil 


low,  Ki':i-->.s.liiily 
tcly  lii'liiinl  n.  iiinl 
west,  ami  I  lie  nnrlli 
with  an  i'^m  iiin;;  i,, 
.  lifly  \aiiN  hum,],. 
lotns  (if  u.iii-r  ill  ;i 

I'    Ilarliiir,  ;i   l.l:;lit. 

ami  tfii  ni  lui'hi. 
,  and  the  iliiiiii'  aiiil 

I'siH'l,  ami  \v;is  lir.sl 
,  illhrililti  Ul  ml  iiiui 
(•  Hash  I'm  t«ii ,  !i(| 
't'omis  ;  i'rh|iM'  ,M\ 

tlu'  st'a,   iii'l  mull! 
a  <iiiarlfi  imli «. 
'oast   ami   ( icinii'iii 


:i".;i  iiuitli. 
3". I  wi'st. 
If.  •-'. 


liite,  with  .1  I'll'" 
uiitl  fogj^y  "r.iiLn. 


;,  ti  woollen  Ihmim' 
[i;h  in  tlif  vviH'iMi' 

IS. 


ilil,  l)iiw;uiii-li  lUi 
linl  mill's  l"i!li  11"!! 
s  to  till'  tili:<  III  'i" 
liay  o|"'n>  In-irMl'i} 
i)r,  which  all- I'll  i'" 

f,  ih  town  wiiiitilM- 


i!» 


fi    I  9 


,1  If 


'I 


4l'.r' 


v.-'--*  .-> 


"iiif^^A-'^ 


Muui.t  H*ii...r,  U.44J  fret.  iV  miU-s. 


\V.Hi  l'..ii,t  1.1^1,,  h„UM.,    Ii,m.r>  r„„, 


I'll;;!'!   Siiund. 


l>"l|'tiii.  INiiiil.      Viv,l,..ii  Wand. 


'■"^'«  l';..si-,..  UfHl..M||„„  I-, 


''"""  Va-,lMiii.  IIIhK,.  IsIhii.!. 


r<Miii  Jcfffmoii 


I'lijU't  .Smiiiil. 


W.M  I'uint,  N\V.  I,y  N.  }N.,:.jiiiil^„. 
\Vlii.ll.,.y  I»hiri<|. 


lUlliTv  I'l.iiii,  *  iinl.'  ciisijwit. 


.>r*X: 


''km^MLu 


!  ■•irit  .lrU.i«.„  „,.,,., J   |.,.,M,.N\V.I,j  N   IN  ,;i},„,|..H 

J'UK<'1  S.iiiii.l. 


MiiKhr,  l(.«,  l„.,n.|,  1,1,1,1 


!     'I 


m':''  A    :■'  ■■   ' 


" 


I'Acii'k;  cuam'  I'li.oT.  607 

BATTKUY   I'OINT.  • 

Tlip  Roiitli  point  of  Hie  ciitriincc  In  Diiwaiiiisli  r.a.v  is  r.attcn  I'oiiil,  wliicli  is  live  and  a  third 
mill's  M.iilli  iwciil.v  (■iKiitth'jiivcNcast  (S.  l'.st  ]■).)  rn.in  Wcsi  I'oiiit  l.ijilitluMisc,  lilifail.v  dfhcrilx'd. 
A>  sct'ii  Irniii  tlir  iHHthwcst  Just  \iv\o\v  icaclijnM'  \V,.,,|  I'l.jnt,  lialliT.v  roiiil  issfcii  as  a  iiiodcratL'l.y 

lo«.  ban-,  ni-aiiy  Hut  topiMMl  1 iiid,  witli  a  st('c|.  clitV  sixty  fnt  lii};li  towards  tin-  watiT,  and  ii 

slinrl.  !i>w  pdiid  ontside  of  it,  wliicli  is  tiic  ivai  point.  Inside  of  tin- ciiriimsly  siiaprd  nioiind  tlnTu 
is, I  low  neck  willi  lai}.'cstia;;^'Iin','  pint-  trees,  and  licliind  this  llie  land  a;;ain  rises.  When  .seen  I'roin 
the  Mintheast  beyond  Hraee  Point  the  .same  eiiaiaeteristies  are  .seen  witii  one  lone  pine  trunk  stand- 
iij;;  in  the  niidtlh^  of  the  ;4eiitly  shipin^  .snrfaee  of  tin-  mound.  This  tree  shows  now  only  tho  bare 
trunk;  formerly  it  was  a  ;;ood  nnuk. 

On  the  north  side  of  liattery  I'oint  a  ve.ssel  am-horinH;  in  twenty  fatiioins  of  water  over  sandy 
Ih.iKiMi  can  nut  have  a  ^neater  .seope  of  chain  than  thirty-live  fathoms  without  l)ein;r  too  elose  to 
tlie  shore.  When  we  aneiiored  there  in  lliirteen  fathoius  ami  veered  to  twenty-five  fatlKUnsof 
(•li;iiii,  the  vessel's  stern  was  in  two  and  a  hall'  fathoms  of  water.  The  lieaeh  is  smooth  and  verj- 
iv;:alar,  beinjj  composed  of  sand  and  uravei. 

From  Battery  I'oint  wi-  inive  the  followin^r  bearing's  ami  distances  to  iniportiint  objeet.s: 

r<)illl   I'llll.V  (Mi  tllK  caHl  Nidriil  llu'  Snilllil    »  nil  I  tiller  I'ullll  jll<<l  ili^iili. 

IIk' iio'K'' .•<.  :i:!     K.  7J  inili'H. 

I'lliMl   ICdIlilisilll    l'<l);-si;;Tial,  III!   wcstrlll  siili-  dl'   lllr  siillliil .S.  ;l|  1;,  liJniili'H. 

I'l.illl    VllNllnll    S.  II  1;.  inililcH. 

li«Mliiialii)ii  I'diiit S.  -I  \V.  -J*  iiiilcH. 

Witt    l'>ii:il  N.  •.<:  \V.  .-.ii  iiiilcM. 

lUiltitij  I'oint  l.Kjht. — ,\  Jinil  irliilt  liijlil,  lens  laiilein.  has  been  suspended  from  an  arm  on  a 
ttliile  post,  wiiich  is  twelve  feet  lii;;h.  The  I. intern  Is  about  lil'leeii  leet  aiiove  sea  level.  It  is  sit- 
uairil  ten  yards  from  hi};hwater  mark, ami  about  seventeen  \ards  from  the  low-water  entl  of  the 
spit. 

it  is  live  and  a  tpiarter  ndles  R.  '2'J-  K.  I'lnm  tlie  West  Point  Light-house. 

It  was  established  December  I'J,  ISST. 

Ihitrdinixh  Hay,  cdnHnucd. — On  the  south  side  of  thehijih,  wooded  blulVcomineiicin;;Just  east  of 
West  I'oint  there  is  a  loll};,  bright,  horizimlal  cut.  which  is  half  way  bet  ween  the  water  and  the 
top:  it  IS  a  ^ood  landmark.  This  biulV  is  mimol  Ma^iioiia  Kiulf,  ami  it  makes  a  loiid,  ri  undiiid' 
sweep  Ibi'  one  and  aipiarter  miles  to  the  southeast  by  east  from  the  Lij;|il  house.  It  reaches  nearly 
foui'  liiiiidred  feet  elevation,  ami  continues  with  decreasinji  height  for  one  ami  three  t'iniiihs  miles 
nearly  east  to  a  sharp  recession  of  llie  sluue,  which  makes  in  to  the  northward  for  tlireel'ourth.''. 
of  :i  mile.  This  recession  t'orms  a  moderately  wide  cove,  liaie  at  low  water,  called  Smitli'ii  Cure. 
I'lider  the  foot  of  Maf^iiolia  MliitV  ami  tliree  eij;hths  of  a  mile  southeast  from  its  hi}.diest  break, 
tliric  IS  a  larjie  fjranite,  erratic  bowlder  inside  the  low-water  line,  and  locally  known  as  the  Four- 
Mill  h'ltck.  The  broken  Idntf  abreast  this  rock  is  two  .  iindred  ami  twenty  feet  hij;h,aud  the  land 
bcliiud  it  rises  to  nearly  four  humlred  feel,     'fliis  loii';  blutf  was  named  .Mayiiolia  IJlnir  in  l>S.">ti. 

from  the  western  side  of  Smith's  Cove  tiie  .-liore  tui  three  miles,  to  Seattle,  is  near  y  strai};ht, 
ami  runs  east-southeast.  It  is  comparatively  low,  but  the  land  behind  rises  rapidly  to  the  top  of 
the  ridfje  iietween  this  bay  and  ITiiion  Lake,  the  extreme  liei;j;ht  bein;;-  four  hundred  and  forty 
feet. 

After  roundini,'  West  I'oint  a  vessel  keeps  about  half  a  mile  otf  the  northern  slaue,  and  the 
[gem'ial  etuir.se  to  Seattle  is  east  by  .south,  and  the  distance  is  live  and  a  tpiarter  miles  from  the 
I  light  on  West  Point. 

DfWAMISII    IIKAD.  f 

Oil  the  south  sliore,  inside  of  P.attery  Point,  li'.s  Duwamish  lload,  which  is  distant  therefrom 
I  one  and  .seven  ei^'hths  miles  north  iwentynine  dej;rees  east  (N.LMI  i:.i.  and  four  and  a  half  miles 
i  Htiuth  forty  seven  decrees  east  (8.  -IT'  K.)  frmu  West  Point  Li;;hl  house.  The  shore  between  Hat- 
iteiy  Point  and  this  head  i.s  nearly  straight,  with  deep  water  close  under  the  sIkuc  for  half  the  dis 

I  •  Nil (I  liy  llio  t'.  S.  CoiLst  .><iii-vr,v,  \-'M>.    Thi'  llii^'llsli  Adiiiiiallx  (iKirl,  N...  I'.Hl,  willi  .imivcIhmis  li.  |-';.'>.  .alls 

ItliiH  Kolirrt's  I'.iint,  allliDiiKh  tli>'i''  is  Hh'  numk'  iiaiiiv  at  the  iiioiilh  <il'  I'lasor  Kivrr.     Tlio  Imliaii  iiniiir  I.s  .Mi-Uwali- 
1  niiiiiks. 

I  NiuiiimI  l)y  V.  Is.  Ciiast  .Survi'v  in  l-.Mi. 


Li''* 


i 


(i(»K 


I'Aciric  ('((AST  ni.iir. 


ill 


laiur,  uli.'ii  till'  low  walt'i  liiit-  incifascs  to  two  Ihiim|iv<I  mihI  ('iflv  vai'ls  in  l.ii-aillli.  At  il  ,  |i,,|,| 
till' slioif  till  IIS  .sliarplv  to  tlu"  soiillicasl  lor  two  i>i  iliiir  miles,..!  wjiirli  ili..  |ii>|  iinli.  h  ,,  ,|,,, . 
water  to  tile  ril;:i    ot  llie  liioati  Hals  at   llu'  lliolllll  ot  till'  1  uel, 

'I'lie  hea.l  it  ..li  IS  .sleep,  altoiil  tliiei' limi. lied  and  t  weiil.v  teel  lii;;li,  and  llie  siiiniiiil  i      |,.mm.K 
eoveied  with  III.'  tt|e;;ii|i  iijiie.     'I'lic  western  side  ol  I  lie  liead  is  liioUeii  In  a  liei;.'lil  ot  lu..  I,  iii.lnil 

and  nixt\  feet  at  llie  lii;.'lies|  point,  and  two  liiindnd  I.et  at  lliee\treine  p I.     On  the  iiim.I,.  jii,> 

\er\    steep,  l.lll   not    Im.kell    t'.H    a    ipiarler   of  a    mile.      'I'he    l.e.ieh    at    low    walei    stletelhs  .u.l  niii.. 
I  I ;■  hill  of  a  mile  to  the  lim  lli  noilhwesl.  when  Die  sh..  il  waler  Is  (  iinliiine.l  U.  ihe  three  lalh'.iii  liii,.. 
whiih  Is  si\  hniiilii'il   \,ii.|s  from  the  lilniV.      ;  hen  lli.'  .Iiop  lo  i.veiilv  l.iihoins  is  within  I  v.i|ii,i 
died  ami  litl.v   >.il.ls.       \l..ii-  the  e.isl   l.iee  ..f  lli.'  Iilnll  llie  water  is\el.\  deep  .lose  in  slioie,      I  ml,, 

1 1 aslei  II  siile  (it  the  head  Is  ihe  i.iH  II  111   /'c, ,  yi.nV.  with  .in  e\lensi\e  saw  mill  ami  w  li.ii  i.i ,.  |,i,  i; 

it  it's.  Si  \  ell  el-hlhs  ii|  a  llille  llisl.le  the  lie.i.l  Is  .1  small  sellleinelll.  e.lileil  O'I'oniioi.  VM'liili  ll„- 
«)llti-r  cd^e  of  tlie  j^re.tt  lial.s. 


IIYlUJOlii;  AIMIV    Ol'    DtWVMI.^II    Il.VY. 


k.:  ^ 


Tlie  di'ptli  of  water  inside  the  points  of  eniiaiiee  is  a  lillle  more  ihaii  one  liiimlred  fillmiis, 
o\ei  iniidd;  Imltom.  ( >ii  t  he  liiie  .leriss  the  l.,i\  liiiin  l>iiw  .iliiisli  lie. id  iioitli  iiorlliwesi  lliiiiiiil 
eh.iniiel  di'|illi  is  ei^lilN  liM'  l.ithnmN.  ami  from  Diiwamish  lle.nl  i..  tiie  slmie  nol  tlilioi  I  lii'.i>i  iiii 
iler  the  WesI  side  of  Si '.III  le  llie  ileplll  is  .seVelilN  lalilollls.  W  llh  liold  W  atel  close  In  the  slmir.  I  Ml 
M.i^  nulla  I  il  II  It  the  thiie  tall  101 1 1  line  is  one  ei;.;hlli  of  a  mile  olf  shore,  oil  the  western  p:iil  nl  llir 
tow  II  ol'  .Seattle  il  is  iinl\  olie  hill  11 1  led  \  lids  d  I  si  a  lit.  I  hi'  ^'elieral  ehaiaeter  of  the  hot  In  in  1-  !|i|;,i. 
e\eept  to  tlie  siiiitliwest  of  iMlwamisii   lie, id. 

r.llt  till'   siiiilliea'ael  n    pill    III    III.'  Ii.i>,  and    ^mit  iie.ist  III'  a  line  two  miles   Ion;;,  iliauh  ii.  ' 
point    thiee  t.iiii  tlis    ii|   a    mile    sunt  h  soul  lieasi    trom    I)iiwaiuish    Head   to   the  sniiihia-i   jmiIi 
Seattle,  llieie    i.s   a  \i'i\    exteiisiM'  mild  thit    fioiii  one  lo  one  and  a  half  miles   lii'oad,  I'm  iiiiii'.' Mm 
deli.i  rt'  the  I  >iiw  .iiiiish  Ki\  er.      Tlie  fifteen  lat  lioiii  line  is  less  than  two  h  11  ml  red  \aiils  miNiili  iW 
edy:t'  ot  tins  till,  w  lii.il  IS  iiaie  .it  l.iw   w  .ilei . 

'rinte  1-  an  e\t''ll>l\e  s\sli  m  .if  wliaiMs  III  the  I'Mell.led  frolita;.'!'  of  .Sealtle,  ami  sl.ii,,  In  ,  . 
and  \  i-sseU  ui' diiei'l  1\  there  lo  ills.  Ii.il  ;:.'  .iml  load.  I  lii'se  w  hat  \  es  lea.h  out  lotliiir  .iii.l  hii.i 
l.illioms  I.I  water.  \  essels  aiieliol  III;;  olV  the  low  n  liml  t  he  liesi  ;;ro|iii.|  ae.ll  the  soill  liel  ii  |<  11  k! 
the    l.iW  n.  w  iii'le    a  depth    of    Ii  flee  II   In    IWelit\    fathoms  iiM'l     lllllddv   lint  1 1  nil   i'  full  lid   Ion  I    liir  •!•'  ! 

\  aids  miisiile  the  w  ii.ii  \  es.      It  .Irops  nil  sii.il  It'll  Is   liom  lit  teen  lath.  mis. 

\\  hell  a  sailing  vessel  is  ;.'i'iiiii;,'  under  wa\   liiiiii  h.'i  anilioraj,'.'  olf  .S.'altle  the   iisii.il  sinii.; 

w  iml  ..impels  tin-  tilst    tai'li    to  tlie  s.iiitliwaid  tow  aiil>  1 1 1;;e   of  I  he  ;;ie.il    mild    Mat.     Ilrl'.- 

hi;;ii  water  this  li.it  .an  not  lie  disl  iii^ii  i>hi  d,  .iiiil  llie  le.i.l  liiiist  lie  kepi  ;:olli;:.  Wlieli  a  .1.  jilli  'I 
litlei  II  lalhoins  is  stiiiek  a  vessel  must  j,'ii  .ilioiil,  lor  the  water  shoals  to  three  talhoiiis  \ii\  v.ii 
lieiiiv ,  ami  k.  I'liilin  nil  wniiiil  Minn  In  in;;  her  up  on  Ihetlat.  If  the  eiirniil  lie  elili,  vessels  Imiiii 
nut  III  the  sniind  sliniihl  slaii.l  Well  iiitii  till'  iiilel  :  ,iml  if  liniiml  up  the  s. nihil,  Nhollld  wml,  ilo^ 
under  aiel  arniiii.l  l>uwamish  Head  to  llalli'i.\  I'oiiit.  I  f  1  lie  .111  rent  he  liood,  vessels  IhiiumI  >  ui 
of  the  inlet  shoiil.l  w.ii  k  iindi'l  till'  north  slnne  and  iIom'  In  West  I'miil  ;  if  liniiml  up  tlie  m. 111  il. 
Iiie\  shniild  wnrk  iiii.li  1  the  iiorili  .slioii'  alioiit  tliie  '  ami  a  half  miles,  1.1  Ma;;iiolia  I'oiiil,  .a  !.■  Mi' 
I'.iiii  Mile  lloik,  or  until   they  eaii  leteli   well  elear  nf  I'.aiterv    I'miil.      If  ealiiis  prevail,  Il -  • 

e  III  p|ii\  I'll  to  tow  Vessels  111  or  out.        I  he  111;;   s.i  \  lie  I  h  rnllL;  ll.illl    till'  .Sniinil   is  (rnn,l. 

Ii(lis(tt  Sriittl<.—'\'\u'  times  and  iii'ij;liis  ol  I  he  tides  are   verv   irre;,'iil,ii.  Iml  eaii  he  enini'ii'": 
appliivimatelv    fiolli  the    tahle    -iveli    mi  tlie  1  h  11  t  nt    Se.ittle    llailioi.      'Hi.'   slioi  lest    mil  lii"!  !- ' 
inii-nlt  the  annual  imlilieatioii  of  the  l.  S.  Coast  ami   ( leodetie  Siii  ve.s  tide  tables  Inr  1  li.    I'  .. 
("oast. 


DfWAMISlt    IMVl'IJ. 


^  M } 


This  is  a  nioderatelv  lar;.'e  stream  lieadin-  in  tlie  i'.ise.ni.'  i;an;;i'  of  .Mi)iiiitaiiis,  and  riiiii' n-'. 
p'lieiai  iiini>i' to  llie  nnilhwesi.  to  Hnwamish  l;.i>.  .\  liilinl.irv  from  the  iiorlli  drams  lii.'  \'' 
sive  hikes.  \\  asliin;;liili  and  S.immamisli  ;  and  in  its  valievs  and  at  the  lakes  there  li.i .  ■"' 
ih'Velop.'.i  iMi'iisiM' deposits  nf  e.i.il  and  lion.  The  wlmle  eoniill.v  is  well  wooded.  The  ;;ri.'i  m  • 
Mats  at  the  head  of  Itiiwainish  ihi.v  are  loriiied  trom  the  .sediiiieiits  liioii;;lit  down   liy  tins  r   ■! 


^W^^m 


liicaillli.     At  tl).  Ill, 
tlir  IllX  mill-  li.i^  ill 

I  llir  sllllllllll  is  jMivK 
,1  lii'i^'lil  III'  I  vvii  li  imliiv 

Hill,       (  hi    till'  l!l-><lr  II  |. 

\  iilci  sliclclir.N  i',i|  mil 
to  ilif  lini'f  riilli.iiii  liii. 
Minis  is  wiiliiii  I  A,,  III, 

|i  rliisr  III  slioir.  I  i,i|, 
null  :llii|  u  li.ll  1,1.1  I, II 
I'll  ( >'{  '(iiiiiin  .  vv  I'liiii  il 


III  iiiH'  lininli'i'il  I'.itliii,!  < 

until   limlllNM'Sl    H'    I: 
lliil't'  Mill  Ill-lliUilii 
1-  cliisi'  III  llir  slmi.       1 1 
II  tlic  wi'siciii  |':iii  111  ; 
Icrol  I  III'  liiillinii  1-  '!":■! 

lllirs    Inn;.',  ill  ,iu  ii  li"!; 
;ii    till'    >iillllit';i-l    |<  III  ' 
llllirs    lirmiil,  I'm  iiii:i.' 
llllilli'il  >  iinls  MilNili   : 

SimIIIi',  mill   sir. Ill    !ii 
I'll  mil    III  I  lllrr    ,il"l  t 

iitsii  tlif  .sonllit'iii  I'  I' 
III  i^  t'miinl  f'iini  liir  >!' 

HMllIC    till'      IISll.ll     ■  N' 

:ii'.il   iiintl   llnl.     ii 
.'oili;.',      Wllt'li  :i  '!'  :  ' 

tliri'i*  liilliiiins  \i  '     • 

III  lie  I'lilt,  vcs.sfl      ' 
si)Iiii(1,hIioiiM  \n<"    ' 

lliiml,  Vfssi'is  liiiii 
t  :   it'  liiiiiiiil  ii|i  ill' 
M:i;;iiiilin  I'oilil.  "i 

cilins  lui'vail,  iIm      I. 

ll    IS    JJIlOll. 

1,11',  hill  ran  In-  I'l.nii'ii' 
111'  slimli'.st  nirlh"!  '■ 
lull-  lalik'.s  Im  tin    i    ■ 


I'ACMl'If!   (•OA.'^T   I'lLOT. 


SKA'i  ri.|.;. 


(ioy 


Tlii.s  ifl  flio  miinl-y  soat  of  Kin;;  Cminty,  ami  lias  a  |iii|inliiliiiii  nf  aliont  fifteen  flioimand  pro- 
i,|i'.  Tiic  iiKliisliifs  art'  varied,  einlnaciii},'  the  ;,'ieiit  Imnliei'  siipiilies,  ciul,  iion,  ,s|ii|i.l)iill<liii;,', 
i_'iiiultiirai  pntdiicts,  et(\ 

In  ISHl  tliirt.v  fiMir  steam  boat, s  were  Iniilt  at  Seattle;  tlie.v  were  Keneiail.v  , small,  ami  flio 
i,ir;re.st  iviielied  four  liiindred  and  ,seveiityt\vo  lon.s  liiiiden.  Here  we  lind  an  evteiisive  series  of 
uliarves,  doeks,  and  eoal  Itiiiikeis.  It.  is  reported  li.v  tlie  eliainlier  of  emiiineree  that  there  was 
I  \|iipited  from  this  eoniity  in  l.">.si  one  linndred  and  twenty  lour  million  feet  of  roiiKli  and  dre,s,seil 
liiiiilier.  There  aie  tietween  forty  and  fifty  steam-hoals  of  various  sizes  wliieh  lielon;;  to  this  port, 
iiid  the  ocean  steamers  make  Mieir  reMiilar  eonneetioiis  ;  iheie  Is  mil  I'mmeelioii  thence  to  Oie^jon 


r~ ■ .   .here  Is  mil  I'mineclioii  thence  to  Ore^jon 

mil  the  east.  The  city  of  .Seattle  reaches  the  shores  of  l,:ike  Waslnnuloii,  which  is  less  than  two 
miles  from  Piiwamisli  l!ay.     This  lake  is  .sixteen  miles  Ion;;  ami  two  miles  wide. 

The  aiMii  university  is  situated  in  Seattle. 

The  town  of  Seattle  was  attacked  Ity  a  small  tiody  of  Indians  in  lS."i."),  hut  the  assault  was 
ii'pelled  hy  the  Knited  States  steamer  Mnssiii  liKut  lis. 

On  the  Ttii  of . I  line,  fs.Sit,  the  whole  of  the  hnsine.ss  pari  of  .Scat  lie  was  destroyed  hy  lire,  hut 
^iii'h  is  the  activity  of  those  of  the  ;;reat  coiiiinereial,  iiiinin;;.  and  imliistrial  interests  of  this  (tit,, 
III, It  the  destroyed  part  is  hcin;;  hiiilt  up  in  a  much  nmre  siihsliiniiiil  imiiincr  lliaii  hefore. 

/>i/«v(Hii.v/i  />'(/// was  called  l''Jlioir,s  l;,iy  h\  thel'niled  .Shites  I'Aplorin;,'  I'Apedition  ill  ISJl, 
hill  the  present  name  is  that  hy  which  il  is  invaiiahly  known,  and  was  adopted  I'loin  the  iiaimt  of 
I  he  tiihe  of  Indians  inhahilin;;  its  shores.  The  iiaiiie  of  the  town  is  dcrivi'd  I'roin  that  of  tlie(;hiitf, 
.Seal  tlh. 

.S'A'(//'  I'oiiit.* — This  is  the  tirst  point,  tlnrc  and  onet'onrth  miles  south  of  Point  .Monroe,  on  tlio 
west  side  of  the  sound.  It  is  dircell\  ahieasl  of  West  Point  l,i;;lil  house,  wlicn^  the  channel  is 
tuo  and  three  Ion rt lis  miles  wide.  The  poinl  is  nioderalel.N  hroad  and  rmindiii;,'  and  projects  fully 
half  a  mih^  into  the  channel.     It  is  low  at  the  water  line  and  rises  i'cy;nlarl,\  to  a  ridu'c  to  the  west- 

waid;  the  hliitf  to  the  northnortliwesi  is  sleep  and   di  r.ilcly  lii;;li.     The  water  olf  the  point  is 

i{iiit««  hold.    I'nder  the  Nonth  shore  of  this  point  is  M  iiiilens  ( 'o\  e. 

Miirdfiis  Cure* — This  is  a  wide  recession  of  the  wcsleiii  slioie  of  the  sound,  just  under  SkilV 
Point;  the  shore  sweeping;  to  the  sonlhwesi  lor  ncarlN  a  mile  and  llicii  soiilhcasl  hy  south  for  a 
mile  and  iv  half,  to  Yemoalt  Point.  The  iiniihwcsi  slime  is  low  ;  the  south  shore  has  steep  clay 
clill's.  The  inner  ]iart  of  the  cove  has  slmal  water,  hill  inside  of  llie  line  of  the  two  points  there  is 
,iiicliora;;e  in  ten  to  lifttM'ii  fathoms. 

Yiiiioiilt  I'liint  is  the  soul  liein  point  of  Mnrdeiis  «'ove  and  lies  on  the  west  side  of  the  sound,  two 
and  sevenfi^dilhsniiles  south  thirty  de;;rces  west  (S.  :;o  W.  i  I'loin  West  Poinl  l,i;:lii  lioii.siv  It  is 
a  low  point  with  p'litly  risiii.;;- land  heliiml  il.  The  clills  to  ilie  nmlliwaid  ami  .southward  are 
iiiodeiat«'ly  lii;;h  and  hrokcn.     There  is  deep  waler  oil'  ilie  point. 

I'.iiilh:  lliiilitir. — This  IS  a   narrow,  deep   imleiitallmi  of  one  ami    tin ronrllis   miles  into  tlio 

eastern  shore  of  I!aiiiliridy;e  Isl.iml,  and  on  the  wcsicrn  side  of  ilie  smind.  It  opens  directly 
towarils  Dnwamish  May.  .\t  Iheinmiili.lheeiilraiice  is  haidy  hall  a  mile  wide,  and  the  three-fathom 
curve  extend.s  nearly  ii  mile  into  the  hailim-.  .\  depth  of  ci-lit  lathnins  is  t'oiirliflhs  of  a  mile 
inside  from  the  north  point.  The  norih  side  ol  ihe  enlraiice  is  Wiiiti  l'»int  :  it  overlaps  the  .south 
side  il  quarter  of  a  mile.  It  is  a  vei\  i.iimw,  low  point  lyiii;;  ■lireeand  a  half  miles  .south  twenty- 
two  de;iree,s  we:,t  (S.  L'li"'  W.)  iVons  West  Point  l,i-lit  hoii.si.,  ind  two  and  a  i|ii;ii'tcr  miles  north 
thirty-three  de;;rees  west- (N.  .".P  W.tliom  i;estoiai  ion  Point.  It  is  neaily  n  the  line  of  Ihe  latter 
point,  Yemoalt  Point,  and  Skitf  Point. 

In  !.S.">C.  we  found  a  Ion;;  pehlily  leil.i;e  iiMlin.L:  ■I'l  three  liiinareil  or  Imir  liiindrcd  yards  .south- 
east from  Win;;  Point,  hiit  the  late  surveys  have  .level.. pe.l  a  .lireet  eotni-.-lion  from  this  le(l;;e  to 
ilic  P.lakely  Roe!;,  running'  nearly  |i,ir,illel  will,  the  slion  .  K.  "  tlirc.'  lonrthsof  a  mile  from  the 
point  i.!i  11  liiui  t<)  niakely  Hock  there  is  fmiiidas  liiih'  a-^  ;  >>•<>  a;,.l,i  half  tathoms  of  wah«r.  Out- 
side .if  this  ledgo  the  hotloiu  drops  v.-ry  ..ddeiily  1.-  lifty  falhoms.  Vcs.sels  honiid  into  Port 
lllakely  must  not  haul  too  close  to  III.'  slmr.'  nnlil  they  an-  within  half  ii  mile  of  P.lakely  Uock, 
If  a  hir^'e  re.s.sel  were  Ixmml  into  Ka-le  llarhor  .she  would  have  to  .'111. 'r  from  the  southwar.l  clo.se 
under  the  slioieaiul  pa.s.s  throu,!;h  the  narmw  hut  <lcep  channel  h.'twcen  the  leil^e  and  the  shore. 


:^f 


I'H 


il 


f, 


17241  r  c .!!) 


•Nam. ..I  liy  llir  1'.  S.  ('i>iis|  Snrv.'y  in  l-.'iCi. 


i|:li 


^^  W-  ^' 


■41i 


'Uo  rAciKH'  ruAsr  rii.nT. 

Ul'.STOUVI  HiN    rolM'. 

WIumi  romiiiK'  ni'  tli»>  smiml  a  vcmmI  t\v(»  miles  mtrtliwist  oi"  West  I'oiiif  S4'(w  K.  -■  i  itmn 
Point  on  tlic  wcsii'iii  sjilc  of  till- siMiiul  iiml  aliiiKsi  alMT.nl  itf  It.ittciv  I'.miiI.     Ii  isilim  n  ,,|,.  mn 

AH   il    low    lil.ick    lillf    .■.tll'Icllili;,'    out     I'nuil  tlic    Wivslcril     Imsi-    nl'   a     ll.lt,  lulinclill;.'    Ilillnrk,    1h;imU 

\«iM>ilt>il,  Willi  a  iH'il,  lirliiml  il,  ami  llini  ;;fiitl.\  iiNiiii:  ;:ii'iiinl  witli  mmIIitiiI  trn's  mi  li.^  ii,.,.|, 
and  rim>.  Ovrr  ainl  Imir  miles  heviniil  JtesincitiiMi  remit  is  seen  ili"  line  of  iiiimIiiii.  \  inji, 
^I'imiidI  of  I'nilit  SiiiitJiWDitli  ,\{  tlie  eiitiaiii f  ChImis  r;i>s.i;;i>. 

{{estiiratiiii  I'lMiit  IS  tlie.sciiitlieast  imiiil  d'  ri.iiiil>ii(li:e  jsl.iii.l,  iml  is  the  iiMik  tor  ni.iKii'^  I'l.ii 

I'llakelv  ;  ami  also  for  tlie  HiHitlieni  eiitiaine    iiitu   I'ml  Onlianl.      It    is  li\e  ami  <>i i;;liM.  null , 

e\:iell\  soiUli  friiin  West   I'oiiil  I.i;;lit  IliMisc. 

Uest oration  Point  is  in  some  respeeis  \er\  pei'iili.ir;  no  other  |ioiMt  in  these  waters,  ex.  i  |.i  l',;ii 
teiy  point,  presents  the  Maine  formation.  I'or  three  linmlreil  variU  it  is  Hat,  alioiit  leu  ii ,  ■  ,I.,,m. 
Ili;:ll  water,  ami  h.is  a  loot  ilepth  of  soil  eo\eri'i|  svilll  u'lass,  o\'er  a  limestone  roek,  iiI'Ium.iiI 
neail.s  on  edjje,  the  liireetion  of  the  strata  pointing  lowanl  I'.atter.v  Point,  or  a  little  xmili  nl  it. 
Insliiiie  the  lami  rises  sh.ii|il\  .ilioiit  one  liiimlreil  feel,  itssnlfs  eoveteil  with  ^'ass,  ainI  lli-  -iiii 
init  'Villi  tlr  trees.  Aronml  the  w  hole  southeast  faee  ot'  the  point  these  pi'iiiliarilies  eM>i.  On 
the  upper  le\els  of  the  lii^li  I, mil  inliaeriit  our  p.irls   I'oiiiiil  small  lakes  of  water. 

/.' ••  it  III-  III'  I'.  —  I'roiii  the  e\tleiiiit\  of  the  point  a  leil^i'.  Ii.ire  at  low  I  ides,  in, ikes  out  lnoj,!  jiiin 
tlie  Soil  mi  for  three  hnndied  ,\!trds.  I  ml  the  depi  h  of  water  is  si\  fathoms  one  liiimln  <'  \  :ir<l>  nl)  n« 
extremil.v.  and  sivleeii  f.itlioiiis  at  ii  <pi,irler  of  a  mile.  On  the  tail  of  this  led;;e  the  I  iiti.  d  m.iIi  - 
sloop  of  war  /*(' <i^i(c  strnek  in  l>>.Vi.  and  il  h.is  hecn  n.imeil  al'ler  that  vessel.  South  soiill.ii>l  u! 
the  point  anelior.i;;e  ma>  lie  li.id  in  tifleeii  f.illioinsof  WMter  over  stieks  lioltom,  a  i{ii:iil<i  ni  i 
mile  from  sliore,  or,  as  a  rule  for  tindinu  aiielior.i;;e.  hriiii,'  the  Pdakel\  l.'oek  north  ol  the  ["'ini  |n 
ran^e  .just  over  and  iiisicle  of  it.     Kelp  evists  alon^,'  the  si  mi  hern  f.iee. 

lietwceii  Kestoi.itloii  Point  and  ll.lttery  Poilil  the  n;reatest  depth  of  water  in  the  soiiikI  i~  imk' 
liinidi'ed  ami  thiit.\  seven  fathoms  o\er  a  liotloni  of  Id.iek  mud.  The  me. in  rise  and  i.ill  ni  ilic 
tidi-  i.s  seven  ami  a  half  feel,  and  ti \tre i.iii;,'!'  is  over  fourteen  feet  ;   the  enrreiils  are  -iiuii;' 

The  ;;eo;,'raphi('.d  position  nf  the  tiianu'nl.il  ion  station  of  the  Coast  Survey  iijioii  this  pmni  is; 

I.;illlllilr IT       i-'    e.'i    .SiMirih. 

I jiilii.lr I"    •-'-    !•'•  •■-'   ■"'' 

Or.  Ill  liuii' "'    "•'"  •'|■l■■"• 

lYoin  itestoration  Point  we  have  the  follow  in;.'  Iiearin;,'s  and  distaneo  to  imp<iitaiil  oli|";-: 

I'miiiI  .lill.rm.ii.  I'miI  .Ma.lis.«ii N-  '-'"  \\'-  '"t  mil'"- 

W.st  fniiii  I.iKlit  I «• Nniili.  .M.  null-.. 

|liiwa!iM-li  ll<-.i'l  ill  liiii'  111  .'<i;illli' N.  •''■'  •'•  '•'■i  mil'-. 

lliitt' rv  I'liiiil.  S.1111I1  Mil.-  l>ii«:oiiisli  li.i.v    ..  N.  -.'  I..  -Jt  iiiili'fi. 

I'.illll   l{nliili-i«ll  F'>j;-i«ii:il   '^-  II  •■■•  '-i  iiiili- 

Ka-t  I'liiiil  of  Ithiki-  In1:iimI   mi   ranuf  willi  tin-  »>'>t   snlr  nf   I'liiiit 

\a-liiiii,  ( •..!>. .H  I'leisap- ^  -1  '•'■-  yj  iiiiN'H. 

I'.illll  On  lialil,  MilltllWi-l  sill,  lif  rllllalllT S.  :i'i  W  ,  '.'i  111 1  Irs. 

Vancouver  anchored  under  this  point  in  IT'.IJ;  found  lar;,'e  iiiiiidiers  of  Indians  locatnl  ih.u. 
and  liist  called  it  Villa;;e  Point,  Imt  ch,in;:ei|  it  toils  picMiit  name  in  commemoiat  ion  ol  li..  du 
on  which  he  anchored.     I'rom  this  |.laee  his  l.o.iis  explored  all  the  waters  ad.jacent. 

,  I'OKJ'    lll..\KKI.V. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  sound  is  this  moderalel.v  di'e])  indentation  in  the  eastern  .sii.nvnl 
Ilaiiil'rid;,'e    Island  on    the   north   siile  of  Kestoration    p'.mt,  w  lii.h  is  the  mark   for  the  eiili.iii" 

The  actual  I.mikIIi  of  the  port  is  .seven  eii;lithsofa  mile,  ami  it  c.iiiics  three  fatl is  ot   wali  1  ml! 

«VLM-iKlithsof  aniile  inside  theopeiiin^',  which  is  three  ei;;htlis  of  a  mile  wide.  The  piicnil  .lim 
tion  nf  the  jiort  is  west  l.y  south.  The  north  shore  lies  .msI  l.y  north  and  west  liy  south,  .r  'I  H" 
mmth  shore  ea.sf  ami  west.  The  a|.iiioaches  to  the  port  extend  onl  one  mile  farther,  to  .•  i\ 
tremity  of  Kestoiation  I'oiiit. 

ni^iMy  /i'..(/.-.— In  this  outer  road  there  is  a  led-eid'  roek  iiearlyoneeiKhthofamih'  in      i' "  ■ 

iiiul  a  l.ir^e  part  of  it  is  above  water.     The  middle  and   hi^'hest    part,  which  is  fifteen   l.'ci    >'. 

water,  h  five  ei^diths  ol   a  mile  north  twenty  seM  1,  det;iees  west  (N.L*:^  W.)  from  theextr.     |r^"l 
Uesturalion  Point.     There  is  shoal  water  and  foni  -round  for  two  hundied  ami  sixty  yai.l-  "  'l'^' 


J 


iut    HCtW    |{('-'    litlnli 
ll    IS  llli-ll    II;  ,.| I 

liii;;  liilloi'K.   Ik'umIv 

i|  tli't'H  nil  1 1  '■  link 
I'  til'  iiiim|i'|;iIi    ',   liijli 

iiai'k  Till'  iiiaUii ':  Toll 
ami  oiii'  i'i;:lini  null. 

<(•  Willl'l  >.  r\('.  (ll    l'.;il 

llllCllll      ll'll     jl   I  iImiVi' 

lillic    riii'l\,    ll|'iir.lU'<l 

II'  A  lit  III'  MiiiMi  III  II. 
I  (iiMss,  aiiil  I '  I'  ■•Mill 
ciiliaritii'-*  i'\i-i.  Hii 
aliT. 

,  itiaUcsoiit  lii'i  hI  iiitii 
liiindn  i'  viiiiU  oil  u- 
!;,'(■  Ilic  I  llili  il  >'iii  - 
.       StlUlh  SliUll  I   1-1  m! 

iiilloMi,  a  ijiMiii  I  111   I 
iiiirlli  111  till'  1 II  I" 

{•V  ill  tlic  Siilllhl  i~  Hill' 
I  rise  anil  '.ill  "I  iln' 
ic  niniMils  ail'  •■imii;' 
i'_\  ii|Hiii  tins  ji'iMil  i^: 

(i.'i  .  H  iiiirili. 
15'  .•.'   ."".I. 
.VlMi. 

iiii|Mii'taiil  iili|irt»; 

ll'S  llllll's, 

.'.;  Illlli». 

'■'■i  lllllli<. 

'.'(  inilrH. 

I'.'i  mill-. 

•,'i    Mllll-<. 
•J*    lllllr-. 

Iiiillaiis  jiiiati'il  111. II. 
iK'liiMial  inn  ol  li'''  '1''^ 
Ijat'i'iil. 


tlio  t-astcni  .-hi.ti'iii 
ark  for  tin'  fin;  ii"' 
tatliiiiii.s  III   wall  1  lull' 

.     Tlif  K<''i'''''l  ''"" 

Af.Nt   1>,V  Mlllllli  ■'    'I  ''" 

iiilc  Caitlifi',  III  :'ii'»'^ 

hill  oi'iiniilt'  ill      I'!'. 

h  is  lil'li'cii  I'l'i''  'I'"'' 
I  Iroiii  IJMi  I'xM'  ''  ' 
mil  Hixty  yaitl       ' ''" 


:S 


It 

i 


I'AclI'lc   coA.sr   I'll.ol'.  Q\\ 

,iiirtli  imrtliwcHt  of  tlif  rock,  willi  a  liank  of  kilp  rxtcmliii;,'  nut  in  si-vni  fatliimis  of  watci  all 
iiiiiiiiil  il.  Oil  tilt'  Noiitli  siilt'  tlici'i-  isilccp  vvattTclosi'  iiiiiii'r  il  with  a  jiassaKf  l-flurcii  it  ami  lliu 
iiiirlli  Mlioro  of  IN'stiiratioti  I'oiiil,  llircc  fi;,'lillis  of  a  iiiilc  uiilf  ;  iiijs  |ias.sa;,'r  lias  'wriil.v  live  fatli- 
niMsof  water,  with  sticky  Itottom.  The  ruck  licars  mirth  ci;;lity  iiiic  ilc;,'iccsk'ast  (N.  Sp  K.)  fniiii 
ilic  mirtli  point  of  the  entrance  to  rarl  Uiakeiv,  distant  over  liveei;;htlis  of  a  iniie.  Tiierc  is  mcky 
jniiiiiil  close  olV  the  north  pnint,  Imt  marked  l»y  kcl|»  out  to  six  and  srvcii  ralhoms.  The  |iassa;;e 
l.rUM'cii  this  point  ami  lllakely  Itock  is  half  a  mile  wide  lictwrcii  ihc  tdi  lallioiii  curves  and  hiiH 
HM'UiyMx  fathoms  nf  water  over  sticky  lintlom.so  that  vessels  from  the  north  always  puss  lietwetMi 
III'  rock  and  the  north  point.  Itiit  the  approach  I'rom  ilic  north  is  over  Ilic  Ion;;  lcd;t'e  which  runs 
ti.iiii  WiiiK'  I'oint  to  thit  lllakely  Rock.     .V  link'  less  than  half  a  mile  norlli  of  llic  IJIakely  I'mcU 

;  Ins  |cil;;e  can  lie  crossed   in   nine  fathoms  of  water,  sandy  lioiti liiil   tlicuce  to  Win;;  I'liiiil  the 

ilrpth  of  water  on  the  led^;e  d, 'creases,  and  as  little  as  two  and  a  half  falhoins  is  I'oiind,  wilii  deep 
v\  Iter  inside.     Outside  of  the  led^'e  the  depth  increases  rapidly  to  tiliy  fathoms. 

The  usual  iiiild'tiiiihoriKii  i)(  Port  IJIakely  issoiitli  thirty  Ihicc  dc;;rccs cast  (S, ,'(:!"  I'.)  IVoin  tin* 
iiriilh  point  of  Ihc  entrance,  a  litlle  nearer  llie  soiuhcrii  sliiire,  in  lliiileen  lallioiiis  of  water,  over 

,iirky  liottoiii.     The  deepest  water  in  tl nliaiice  isciyliieeii  lailionis.     Tlic  iiimr  aiiclioraj,'o  in 

.1  .|iiarter  of  a  mile  to  a  third  of  a  mile  inside  tlie  mirlh  poiiii  and  rallier  nearer  liie  smiih  shore 
111. Ill  the  mirlli,  in  nine  and  a  half  fathoms  uf  waiei,  umi  haul  liniiiiiii.  Here  Ihe  w  idlli  apart  of 
ilie  liircc'fathoni  lines,  under  Ihe  north  and  soiiili  .shnrcs,  is  only  lluee  Iniiidri'd  ,\ards;  and  that 
uiillli  decreases  farther  in. 

At  Ihe  inner  end  of  the  Inirlior  is  one  of  the  lai';.'est  saw  inills  of  tlie  coiintiy ;  il  has  an  aver- 
i;:i'  daily  output  of  over  two  hundred  I  In  m  sand  feel  ol  iiimliei'  and  lias  rear  lied  an  out  put  ol'  ihrce 
iiiiinli'cd  and  tifty  llKnisand  feet  of  Ininliei'  in  one  da.\'.     'I'lie  mill  is  iindei'tlie  north  shore. 

Mere  also  is  an  extensive  shipliiiildin;;  eslalilishmeiit.  I'leiweeii  is.si  and  l.SST  there  were 
I  III  ill  lieie  twenty  two  vessels  (including;  a  rnilcd  Stales  rcseiiiiec  illei  I,  a'_'i;icL'^atiim  nine  thoiisand 
iliiee  II  11  lid  red  and  sixty  nine  tons ;  the  l,ii;;es!  vessel  was  seven  hundred  Ions  liiirden;  and  at  this 
\\  I  iliii}i  there  are  three  vessels  on  the  slocks. 

The  ;;eoi;raphical  ]ii>sitiou  of  the  niilei'  end  of  the.  shipliiiildiii;;  estalilislimcnl  has  heeii 
liilerniined  In  the  I'.  S.  Coast  and  (ieodelic  Survey  lis  follows: 

l.iiiiiiiili' 1*    :i.'i     •''"  ■''  Miirtli. 

I yiliiili'  I'-"J     •-".'      .'i;t  .iMvrst. 

Ol,  ill  tiiiii' S''  e',1'    ,V.l«..'. 

The  place  i.s  therefore  l(J".S  west  of  the  S,in  rraiiciseo  astronoiiiiial  slalioii  nt  the  Coast  ami 
(leodetic  Survey. 

In  Dccemlier,  l«.S  i,  the  matjnetic  varial  ion  was  L'U  (l.V  cast,  and  in  .lanuiry,  l-^-;."!,  the  limit  of 
ilie  \ariation  had  liceii  reached, 

Tiilimtt  I'ort  /.7(i/,'(Vi/,— The  Corrected  i'lsialilishment,  or  mean  interval  liei  ween  i  he  lime  of  the 
iiiiion's  transit  and  the  time  of  lii;;h  water,  is  W'l'  ."lO"', 

Tiiiilitaiii  the  time  and  heii,'ht  of  every  tide  tliriiiii,'lioiit  the  year,  loiisiilt  the  Pacilic  Coast  Tide 
r.ililcs,  piilillslied  annually  l>y  the  I'.  S.  Co  i>t  and  ileodelie  Survey. 

The  extreme  i'an;;e  of  tide  oh.served  diiriii;;  tin-  oliservalioiis  lure  v.as  .seventeen  feet. 

I'oit  I'daktdy  was  named  by  the  I'liiled  Stales  INplmin^  Hxpedilioii  in  l.^ll. 

South  of  the  contraction  of  the  .sound  hetwceii  Itesionitioii  I'oint  ami  !'.  illery  Point  it  opens 
Id  a  width  of  nearly  six  miles  for  about  live  miles  norih  and  sniitli.  This  exjiaiision  is,  however, 
I'Miiiracted  l>y  P.lake  Island  in  the  .southern  pari.  Into  llie  northwest  aii.-le  ot  lliis  luoad  area 
liiil  's  Pa.ssii-j.',  the  .southern  entrance  of  Port  Diehard,  opens.  In  the  snulheni  part,  one  and  tl 
'"If  miles  from  Pdake  Island,  is  the  north  eiilraiiee  to  the  Cnh  os  Passa>;e,  To  llie  sonliieast- 
ward  opens  the  broad  and  main  channel  of  the  sound.  The  slimes  on  the  east  and  west  beloiij;  to 
ilienuiiu  land;  the  latter  lieiuj;  on  thcCreat  Peninsula  beiweeii  the  soiimlanl  lloml's  Canal.  The 
I, mil  between  the  Colvos  Passajie  and  the  main  cliaiiiiil  of  ilie  so  iiid  is  Vaslion  Island. 

h'irli's  /Vn.v«(/(' into  Port  Orcliard  is  the  soiitliern  eiitraiiee  ttiereto;  it  is  two  and  ;;  half  miles 
Miiithwcst  from  Ue.storatioii  Point.  It  is  live ci-litlis  of  a  mile  wide  at  the  inoiilli,  and  runs  north- 
ui'st  by  west  for  nearly  two  miles,  with  dci'ii  water  on  the  southwest  side,  and  mrhs  under  the 
nouheastishore,  and  about  half  a  mile  inside  the  east  point  of  the  cntraiiri'.  Then  the  cliannel 
tarns  sharply  to  the -southwest  fon. lie  mile,  into  Porl  Oreliard.  Thesoutli  jpoiiil  at  Hie  sharp  turn 
IS  (Horn-  I'oint.  The  depth  of  water  is  over  ten  falhoins,  excejit  .just  east  of  (ilovcr  Point,  where 
tlie  tcu-lathoiu  curve  from   the  north  .side  crowds  we!!   over  to  the  .south  i.oiiil.     P.cyond  Clover 


i<V 


:.--t 


IIH 


i<     I 


1 


III  '  • 
I'll  I 


G12 


I'AtlllC    CllAST    I'll.Ol'. 


Point  t ho  least  tloptli  in  in'nl fliaiinci  is  icn  r,»tlii>iiis.  I'lic  wli.ilc  tluimicl  li;is  rocl^y  I.mIi,  .  ;  ii„, 
»'UiT«>iit.s  iiifstroiif,' iind  iirc'jriihn-,  and  the  wind  is  lij^lit,  viirialili>,  and  iinci'itain  a(  tli.  s|,,ii|i 
turn,  and  apt  to  Icavo  a  vt'ssci  wlu'iv  tin-  rliannd  way  is  only  two  linndicil  yards  wide. 

I'oiiit  0»c/i(()</.— 'riiis  is  llic  low  nicky  point  al  tlu'sonlli  side  of  tin-  I'ntrancc  to  IJicli's  I  ^,;i;,. 
into  Port  Ori'liard.  r.cliind  it  the  land  riso  into  a  niodi-ralf  liill.ick  with  a  low  neck  In  []„  -,  ,iiili 
ward,  and  a  foso  iiisidf  tin-  passii;,'ii  to  Hit'  west  iiu'tliwcsl,     (HI  tins  pniiil  tli(<  water  isdi. j,. 

III.AKK    'SI    VM). 

This  islainl  >riiards  the  northern  entranee  lo  the  ('ohos  I'assaire.  It  is  alioiil  oiir  iinlr  m 
extent,  not  liifzh.  hut  eoNert'd  willi  wond.  ixeept  al  the  t'a.siii  ii  poinl.'  whii'li  is  Inw  and  (■i'li!i|\. 
Th(>  eastern  side  of  tlit>  island  is  low.  w  iili  sirauiiliii!,;  I  rrcs,  and  the  land  rises  to  nrar  I  lir  \WNtirii 
NJde.  When  a  vessel  is  ;,Miiij,' noilhward,  aiiil  1^  rl  r.  •■:  \aslior  Island,  the  .liipitri  11,11-.  ,shin\ 
over  Fd   ke  Island,  with  Mount  t'onslanee  in  tlic  sdiiihw.ird. 

The  t>aslern  point  of  this  island  lies  two  .md  li\r  cii^dilhs  niilci  south  t wenty-one  dciiiii  v  cist 
(S. 'JP  l\.)  from  liestoration  Point.  'I'lii'ii'  i-.drcp  w.iter  Lreni-rally  around  tin'  island,  ilif  iuiiii\ 
fathoin  cilix  ('  hein^  elose  iiiidi'i' tiie  soiitli  .iiid  west  siilis  mid  dIV  the  i:isl  p<iiiit.  Oil  iln  n.iiii, 
side  the  tei.;aIlioMi  eiirvc  makes  out  one  tliird  of  a  mile  louaids  tlic  Innad  slioii-  of  I'c  ^|i>miii,;i 
'\iiiit,  anil  there  is  anehoraf,'e  in  seventeen  lo  ei^jhleen  fathoms  elose  under  the  east  pipim,  uiili 
oottom  of  sott  mnd. 

Al.l.r.N    lU.SK. 


ri,i 


'    S! 


■St  -|n^ 


.fi:    :••■ 


i.(i; 


'      *l 


IS 


U^l  > 


Stretehiii};  from  the  southeast  face  o I  I'.lake  Island  (here  is  a  liank  with  less  than  fviiif, 
fathoms  (if  water  leaeliiii:,' all  the  way  across  in  I'liiiit  N'.isliiin,  4I  (he  noiilieast  part  ul  iherii 
t ranee  l<i  the  « 'nls  (is  l',issaj.'e.  'I'he  Ixillnm  is  \  ai  i.ihle;  ill  some  places  mild,  and  in  others  lii id  -,;niil 
The  deplh  is  ;,'ie,i(er  ne.irer  the  island  and  ih'crease,-.  (■•  as  little  as  ei;;ht  ami  a  hall  fatlixirMim 
iiule  iii'ilh  two  tilths  west  frnm  I'niiit  V.isiinii.  A(  our  anclioi  a'le  upon  i(  in  eleven  fadmiiis,  (In 
south  end  of  i'dake  I  si, 1  lid  ih.re  west  I  111  re  ((•'.hi  lis  Inn  til  (  \\  .  ,'  N.I  I  hi  ee  liilirt  lis  iif  ;i  mile  ili  -iiint  ; 
and    (lie  nclrtllv^esi   pnint  of  N'ashc. 11  Island,  south  halt  east   (S.  |,  I',. )  oiu    mile  distant.     Itiiwiiu 

this  amhora^;!' and  (he  island  thed>-plh  increased  (o  ei;;hteeii  fathoms,  over  soft I,      I'liis  hink 

has  pi  11%  ell  of  ;,Mear  si'ivee  lu  \essels  liisiii:;  ;  he  wind  and  Ii.iviiil;  adverse  currents  ;  (he  11  mi,   ,  m.. 
eiall.v   when  the  (Hlvns  Passable  vv  ,  i  thi' clianin'l  used  lis  all  vessels. 

We  diseiiverecl  ami  mil   ed  (Ills  hank  in  I"<."i7. 

Son  til  of  Han  ei>  Point,  on  (he  eastern  sidi'  o!  the  siiii  111  I.  (he  sin  ires  .if  Ihe  smiml  h.iv  e  ^eiin.ill) 
a  n.trnnv  hell  ul  kelp  ni  i!ie  hitter  p, in  ul  suiiiMier  and  aniiimii,  hill  11  i-.  (oi  n  aw  av  hv  ilcsi.niiis 
of  the  winter  and  ^plilli,'. 

I'nlN  I     W  11,11  A  M.S. 

This  point,  (III  (h.e.isi  side  of  (he  xiiind.  1^  ; he  iir>i  small,  low.  s.mdy  and  ;,'ravel  poiiil.  tu.i.iml 
seven  ei-lilhs  miles  soii(lieas(  (  wo  I  hll  ds  -niil  h  ,  Si:.  ;SUloin  I'.illeiv  Point.  The  land  I :  m-  1  i|. 
idiv  heliind  It.  and  II  IS  pine  covered.  Itel  w  eeli  II  and  I".  Klerv  I'oliil  the  shore  ret  i  eats  oiir  i  i;:;,! 
of  a  mile  to  the  e,e.(ward.  and  i.  iie.iilv  strai-hl.  li  1-  not  a  notahle  point  to  \  e.ssels  ;;oiii^,' iiji  m 
down  the  solimi,  l.ee.illse  il  re|  reals  inside  the  line  of  lliace  Poinl.  li  is  the  north  poilil  of  I'liilK 
leroy  Cove.  The  w.iter  otf  this  pom!  1^  seveiii.v  live  t.ithoms  dee|i  vv  II  Inn  one  luindre.l  ..1  h-...hu;i 
dred  \aril.s;   m  imd  cli.iniiel  it  is  one  hiindieil  .ind  Mveiil 1  lail'oiii-., 

IIIIACK    I'lilM'. 

This  point  IS  oil  the  east  side  of  111- sound  ah:  east  I  he  north  end  of  \"ashon  ls!and,amn'oiii;-lii' 
south  side  of  Fanntlerov  «\i\e.  It  is  .,  sm,,||,  Inu.sandv.  uravellv  point ,  h  icked  hv  lapnllv  umiil 
,,'roniid  covered  with  Ore-on  pine.  It  i~  lliiee  and  time  fonrllis  miles  sonih  ihiKv  lived.-iiM. 
ea-t  (.S  .i.i  !■;.)  from  IlKleiv  I'oiiK,  and  ei-ht  miles  m.iih  twenty  nine  de^jiees  west  (N.  :  '  \^ 
from  Point  lodniisoii  Po- ..i;..,i.il.  In  riinnin-  norih.  hefoie  a  ve-sel  reaches  Point  Piillv,  i'li" 
I'oint  IS  seen  as  a  moderately  hi-li  wo.  ed  poini  |iist  lo  1  he  .msI  w  .ird  ol  l'..ill.i>  i'oinl;  tin  laim 
hehmd 'hedrst  rise  falling  a  litl  le  .ind  I  hen  n-ini;  (o  the  e.isl  w  aid.  The  depth  of  w.iier  •  '  ■!'■ 
iNMiit  i.s  s.'\enty  live  lathoms  within  one  hnndied  or  two  hnmlivd  y.iid.s,  and  in  mid  eh.ii 
over  a  hundred  fathoms. 

This  point  was  naim  il  hy  (he  I'.  S.  t'oast  Survey  in  I  s.",;. 

•  C.illi'il    1  .ilii;;!!  li.\   Mn-  Ihilnni'', 


S  I'dCkv   llulli  •'    ;    ill,. 

iTtiiiii   III   tlh    si, .11), 

IT'is    Willi". 

lit'  111  IticliV  I  s~ai;i' 
w  iicrk  III  I',.  V  ,iii|| 
II'  water  isil.    11. 


is  iiltniil  iiiir  iiiilc  in 
li  is  liiw  ami  mIiIiIv. 
t  III  iii'ar  I  Im'  'Ai'sti'iii 

I'    .lllpilrr    1 1  ,ii  •  >liin\ 

'III  V  mil'  i1i'l;ii  TN  c.ivi 

r  islailil.  Illi'    h\rlil\ 

mini,     oil  till'   imitli 

sillHl'    III'    i.'c"-h«l  llli'll 

till'  cast   |iiiiiii,  u nil 


illi  li'.ss  tliaii  t'Aiiit', 
lu'ast  part  nl  ll;''  rn 
il  III  iillirl's  ii.ilil  N  iiiil 
III  a  iiall'  I'ailioirs  (im 

II  t'lcVl'll    I'aihnMl-,  llii 

(lis  of  a  mil''  ili-iii!ii ; 
ilc  ilisiaiit.     Ilri»iii' 

soli    lllllll.         ^lll^   ll.lllk 

ri'lils  ;  till'  llli'll    1  Shi' 


•^OIIIIll  lia\  r  L;rlli'l.lll\ 
I   ,l«  a\     il\     ill'     >I'iMI:> 


ravi'l  poin!.  tU'i.iini 
Till'  lami  iim-^  111' 

Hi'    I't'llrals  iilir  lliUil 

o  \08si'|s  ;;oili.;  ii|mi|  . 

lliHlll  pollll  111    I    111-' 

iiiiiilifil  or  t\>"  liiiii 


I  ls!aml,anil  riMin-lIn' 
kill  l>.\  rapiill.s  ii^iii'; 

nil  Ihirt.v  live  iliiin'i' 
i-i's   wi'sl  (N.  '-■'    \\ 

s     I'oilll      l'llll\.    I'lll' 

lli'iN    roiiil  ;   ill'   I'""' 

■ptli    of    W.lirr  1''!    till" 

,1  in   iiiitl'i'liaiiii'  !  ll  i> 


I'Arli k;  (.;«».\sI'  i'ilot. 


I'AIMI.KKdV    rnVK 


This  sli^'ht  imli'iitatioii  on  ilu'  rasi  s  .  of  ihr  snninl  is  lii'iut'cii  I'ojnt  Williams  on  tlic  iiortl 
anil  Ilran'  roiiil  on  the  .soiiiji ;  Hie  ilislanrr  apart  ol  Ilu  m'  polnis  is  a  liilli'  o\i'r  llirci' rourtlis  ot'ii 
mill',  anil  llic  sluiiv  rrccilrsa  ipiarlrr  of  a  imli'  to  ilii' rasluanl.  Tin'  iiniiiiiliali' sliinv  is  low,  I'xi'cpt 
miili-r  I'oint  Williams,  wlicii'  tlir  UliitV  rrai-lii's  ilir  wali'r.  Wr  riiiiiuj  ^ooil  amlinia^'i'  lu'ii'  in  ten  anil 
iwclvo  I'atlionis  ol  water;  Init  when  on  I  he  ianj;e  ol  llielvM)  poiiils  iji,.  ,||.pi||  jni'ieiiM's  anil  the 
lioltoiii  drops  away  verv  siiilileiil.\  outside.  I'resli  walei  is  e.isil\  oliiaiiieil  In  Hie  \  ieinity.  W'« 
named  this  eove  in  I.S.",7. 

The  evieiit  of  slinre  line  of  Ailiiiiiall>  Inlil  I'lmii  ilie  eiiiianee  lo  liie  north  end  of  Vaslion 
Island  iihn'asl  liraee  I'mnt  is  two  hiinilreil  and  loi   ,  one  miles. 

VASII'IN    ISIAMI. 

i'his  is  the  larj^esl  island  in  Hie  waters  of  .\iliiiiiali>  Inlet  and  l'ii;;i't  Si  iinil.  \'ashon  Ishiiul 
IS  hi;,di,  with  sleep  shores,  eoM'ied  with  vvnod  and  iiniler;:iou  ili  Its  mi i  I'lee  is  marshy  in  many  parts 
iliat  are  ipiite  ele\ated.  ll  is  eleven  iiiiles  in  leii^lli.  iiiirtli  and  snuiji.  ;iiid  lannes  fioiii  one  to  six 
and  a  half  miles  in  lireadlh.  It  may  lie  loiisidered  as  l\  iii^;  in  a  iireal  espansion  of  ihe  soiiiid, 
twelve  or  <omteeil  miles  Ion;;  aii'l  ten  mileswide.  The  niu  llieni  end  is  in  l.iliiinle  IT ':>!>.',',  and  the 
SI  'therii  end  in  HI  It*,".  The  western sideof  the  island  has  a  ;;i'neral  diieetion  north  and  south, and 
il  forms  the  eastern  side  of  the<'ol\os  I'assa;:e.  Tlieeasin  n  si.le  of  Hie  island  has  a  (general  .south- 
east direetioii  for  ei^'ht  and  a  half  iMs.  in  I'uini  Kuliiiison  |",i^  si-nal,  and  then  a  sonlhwesf  di- 
irclioii  for  six  oisi'M'ii  miles,  to  Neill  I'oinl.  Iteluieii  llniasl  and  southeast  sides  of  Hie  island 
.iiid  the  main  la  ml  is  the  I  wo  mile  wide  eliaiiiiel  of  I  he  main  iiilil  leaehiiiy;  as  far  as  ("omineiieeinent 
ii.iy,  Ui.iMi  wliieli  lies  Ilie  eil\  of  Taeoiiia.  The  slioie  line  nl  I  lie  i.slainl  is  Inrlx -seven  miles,  and 
.u'Kiind  the  shores  of  the  island  I  here  is  a  hell  of  Kelp  in  Hie  l.itlei  p.ii  I  of  Hie  sii  miner  and  aiilnmn, 
I'lil  It  is  torn  awa.s   by  the  storms  if  the  winter  and  spriiiL;. 

The  easleriimosi  pmiei  I  ina  of  the  slmie  of  Naslmn  l.daiid  is  a  eniionsly  shaped  peninsula, 
ii'.iiK  d  Mtiiivji  Isliiuil,  four  and  a  half  miles  loii.n  and  one  and  a  half  miles  w  ide,  l\  in^'  nnderiiealh 
I  lie  southeast  part  of  V'ashon  Island.  This  peninsula  is  hiuli,  wooded,  and  liaseoiii|)aet,  hold  shores. 
I'.nl  on  the  northwest  part  it  is  e  iiineeled  with  X'ashoii  Island  hy  a  low  sandy  neek  of  land  only  one 
hilii  lied  vaiils  wide.  The  hi^^ht  at  the  iioilh  side  of  this  eoinieetin;,'  nrek  Is  Tnimi)  //(iW/or,  liroad 
niieii  lo  the  liorlll.  The  deep  \>.i\  on  the  south  side  of  Hie  lurk  ami  lielweeii  N'asjion  Island  and 
Maury  Island  is  three  and  a  h.ilf  miles  loiiir  ami  over  hall' a  mile  wide,  wilh  live  to  lea  fathoms  of 
w.iler,  o\er;,fray  sand,  and   mini  at  the  mniii  exiieinity.     This  has  Is  an  ex.'elleiit  shelter  at  two 

iiille.s  inside  I  lu^  eiitrai ,  with  ;;ood  water  and  uood  lioldin;.;  .mound.     It    was  named  (hiavli  riiidx- 

ivy's  lliuliiir  \\y  the  I   nited  Stales  I'.xploi  iii^;   I'.xpeili'lim,  ISll. 

The  l';n;;lisli  .Vdmlralty  elniit.  No.  It»ll.  erii,iieoii>l,\  miles  ihls  peiniisiila  as  an  island  with 
nine  fei  t  of  water  at   the  neek.      It   then  leeelveil  Its  pieseni   name. 

Ill  the  earlier  years  of  the  iia\  I^mIioii  of  these  waters  1),\  laij^e  sailln;:  vessels  when  there  were 
no  steam  Iiiks.  the  Colvos  I'.iss.i^'e  was  universally  used,  hiil  in  reeeiil  vears  Hie  developmenl  of 
l.ieoma  and  the  use  of  sieani  lii-s  have  ehaiiLie'l  the  whole  traliie  to  I  he  main  ehaiiliel  hel  ween 
Vashoii  Island  and  the  main  shoie  to  Ihe  e.istwai.l.  In  this  eliaiinel  the  eiiireiits  are  not  strong;, 
liie  ehauees  lor  iiiuliorili;;  are  lew  .  and  1 1  is  soiiiel  iiiiis  e.iliii,  w  liile  there  is  a  line  liiee/.e  Idowiii}; 
ililonj^h  Colvos  l'a.ssa.ue. 

The  mam  ehaniiel  on  the  ea:.|  side  of  this  l.iml  is  ih,    l.esi  lo  work  in  with  .i  head  wind. 

X'asluui  Ishiiul  was  iiained  \  ashoiis  Isl.iiid  bv   \aii<onvii  in  U'.tJ. 

I'lilN  I     \  ,\SI|i)N. 

The  northern  |ioint  of  \'ashon  Island  is  n. lined  I'oinl  \ashon;  it  is  a  hi.uli,  ronndln^' hliitV, 
covered  with  Ore^Min  pine,  fonniiiy  the  iiortheasi  point  ol  the  eiilraiiee  to  Colvos  I'assaj:!'.  It  lies 
lonr  ami  one  hall' miles  soiilh  Iweiity  lour  de^jiees  east  ,S.  .'I  i:.^  from  Restoration  I'oinl,  and  nine 
.mil  one  fourlli  miles  .south  by  east  (S.  by  V..)  from  West  I'mnl   l.i^;lil  Inmse. 

l'"rom  IliiH  iioint  .Mien  Itaiik  runs  towards  the  soiiHieasl  point  of  lUake  Island,  with  a  eonvex 
iiirviiij;  to  tlio  northeast.     Un  the  western  side,  wlieie  the  eiilranee  to  the  Colvos  I'assap'  is  on- 
e  wiihi,  the  depth  i.s  llfty  ei^dit  fathoms;   alon-  the  shore,  which  nms  ne.nlv  ea.st   b,v  .south  for 
e  mile,  lo  Dolphin  I'oinl.  Ihe  tweiii.v  lalliom  line  -ladiiall.v  approaches  i  he  shore. 


nil 
'111 


*  ■(.. 


I 


«.'„ 


^iiiir 


m 


V  < 


i  \ 


i  t^') 


•I 


m 


JF'f 


'.^ 


•n," 


-a 


n(! 


I    " 


it  i 


(  I 


614  I'ACIKU-    COAST    PJKOT. 

.iMrAorrtflf.— Hnm.l  (.tVtlw  iioilli  (■!.•,.  ..r  V  a.slioii  Isliiiid  tluTr  is  fr„„,i  anelioiagi'  from  «•;,  ,ju,,ii,i 
to  oin'third  of  a  niilc  tilVslimc.  uitli  imHc'don  from  soiitlnMsicrs. 

Tho  {jooKi-iipliical  iM.sitiui!  nl  tlii.s  point,  as  iloterinini'a  bv  tlic  V.  S.  (oast  ami  C.mxI,  i,,- Sm 
vey,  i8 : 

''»'""•''' : i:      ;!•'    IC'.J  ,„..Mh 

'"'"tf"'"'" 1:^     :i^    ^1,(1  «.M. 

TiiisiHjiiit  was  name<l  bv  tlu'  L'liittMl  States  Kx))loriiij,'  Kxiu'dition  in  1841. 

IKM.IMII.N    POINT. 

Tliisis  tliPon«torii  iioiiit  ..f  the  nortli  oml  of  Vaslion  I.slaiid  and  in  the  main  clianml.  h  .  , 
high,  wliariily  lisintjblnfr.  coxncl  witliOrcpm  |.int>  to  the  Im.so,  wln'iv  tlii-rc  is  aclnmp  <>',:],  ;  „„,, 
tnn's  at  liu"  water's  .Ml}ic  (oiiniii- a  Intl.'  iirojcflion.  It  is  four  and  lliifc  lomllis  miles  s,, mi,  ^x 
d»'t:r<'c.s  t-asi  ,S.  *1  K.i  tn.ni  Maitcrv  Point.  The  clianncl  is  licic  two  and  a  (|iiartcr  milesun  ,,  -niiii; 
west  bi-arilij:  from  I'.racc  i'oinl.  ami  widens  a  littU"  u,  the  soiitiieast  bv  a  reeedin^  oMIie  -ii,.i(  ,,„ 
I'iM-h  side.  Tmler  l>ol|.!iin  I'oinl  tlieslioic  runs  a  mile  to  llie  south  and  tiieii  two  miles  to  ili,  m.iiii, 
east  bv  «'asl,  to  I'oint  lieais.  I'ndei  Ifolpjiin  Toint  the  de|itli  of  .aler  is  very  K'eal.  and  in  il.r  In;;!,; 
to  tin-  s.Mitliward  tiie  dfpili  is  still  greater.  The  twenty-fathom  eiirve  is  (-lose  to  the  poiiii,  ni,!  i!, 
luid-ehanne!  depth  is  one  hnndied  and  eij,dit  fathoms. 

(iood  aneliorajie  is  reported,  however,  in  from  seven  to  fonrteen  fathoms. 

In  the  bi;.dit  belneen  this  point  and  PimiiI  lieais  there  are  three  rocks  above  water  cIum  ;.i,  i, 
the  shore.     The  sontheniniost  one  is  on  the  northwest  sideof  I'oint  Heals,  and  is  fonrteen  Ik  ;  mi, 
water;  the  other  two  in  the  bifiht  are  seven  and  six  feet  hi;,di. 

From  Dolphin  Point  we  have  the  followinf;  bearings  and  distances  to  important  oli|e(  ,- 

WtnI    I'uiiil    I,i;;lit-lii>iis<' N.    17     \S'.         '.IJ  iiiilrs. 

t'luiit  i'iiii\ .s.  c-j    ]■:.        i;,  iiiiii',-, 

Kobilisiiii  I'oliit   K<ij;-i^i;;iial S.    4.'>     K.  Tj  miles. 

IVUNT   ri  l.LY. 

This  point  lies  seven  and  three  fourths  miles  south  thirty-three  decrees  east  (S.,'i:!    i:.  ii,,!;i 
llattiTV  Point,  and  four  and  mn-  tbnrlh  miles  from  liraee  Point,  jnst  inside  the  same  coin ^r.    |'„ 
tweeii  IJraee  Point  and  Point    Piilly  tin- shore  retreats  more  than  a  mile  to  the  eastward,  "in  Ihu 
s'nores  borderintr  the  hij,'her,  pine-eovered  lami.     Two  or  three  small  streams  enter  this  \ni:\\\.   ili. 
ilepth  of  water  in  this  lii;,dit  is  very  jjreal.     Point  Pnlly  projects  more  than  half  a  mile  W(>i  -mit' 
west  into  tliestMind;  it  is  sharp  and  narrow. 

It  is  a  low  poini  with  a  ll.it.  ronndinjr  hillo-k  bcdiind  it,  and  '.,.on  which  stands  one  Vm-^v  lii-'i 
tree  in  the  middle  aiidtwuor  three  smaller  ones  straj;i;li!i);  on  each  side.  When  a  niili'  n\  i»,i 
tu  the  SfUitlnvard  of  it,  the  f.irlliest  clear  point  on  Ihv  eattt  sideof  the  sound  is  l!atler\  I'lii.!. 
treeless,  with  Itrace  Point  under  it.  When  seen  IVoni  the  northwest  it  shows  almost  iIk  ^mv.i- 
featnres  proj<'<-t4Ml  on  I  lie  Inj^her  and  distani  laiul  to  the  southeast. 

The  e.xtrt'uiity  of  this  jMiint  is  sand  and  tjravel,  an<l  it  pitches  sharply  oil  into  \ery  deep  .;i:.!. 
Ilie  11  fty  fathom  curve  lyiiij.'  but  a  short  distance  cm t side,  with  one  Imiidred  and  twenty  ii\e  i  ili..m- 
iii  mid  channel.     Then'  is  deep  water  on  the  north  and  south  sides;  stroiij;  eiirieiits  sweci   i".  H 

liider  Point  Pully  to  the  eastward  the  blntl  breaks  down  to  brown  slopes  without  tu  .  -.  iiml 
at  one  mile  frnin  the  )ioint  a  stream  comes  In  frcHii  a  moderately  broad  valley.  Otf  this  \  i!N\  ■ 
flat  makes  out  Mune  distance,  with  deep  water  at  its  eilp-. 

The  j;eoj,'raphi(al  position  of  I'oint  Pull.\  was  determined  byline  l".  H.  Coast  and  <  .cni|ri,r 
Hurvey,  as  Ibllows : 

Liititiuli' 1"    ■-'"  <i:i  .-'iiDrlli. 

I itm"!''   '-"•■'    "  ^''  •''  "'■■"'■ 

From  Point  Pnlly  we  hav<'  the  following,'  bearings  and  distances  to  i!n|>ortant  points: 

Poiiil  liciliiiiMiiii  Kiig  niuniil S.  '/!  >'•■  :!}   iimIih. 

I  Idlpliin  I'oinl    N.  tW  W.  li   iiiiIin. 

KeMt.iratioM  Point ^-  i'  W-  ''4  imlrH. 

Ilatlerj  P.iint N-  :':'  W,  71  iiiilis. 

Abreast  of  Point  Pully  the  channel  is  two  and  i third  miles  wide. 

This  point  was  named  by  the  l'.  S.  Coast  Survey  in  I8."»7. 


bill    r 


-A- 


I'liiut  Monroe,  NW.  i  N.,  la  milea. 


■,''*iMiP!'.iff'^'*liif<*  *"4f+'  •' 


'■•. '      ^^  .  "■■■     ■  .  ■'•>-t»> ; 


Muuiil  Ifaiiiii'i.  11,141  liTl,  M..  liy  1;  ,  Hi  iiiilfs. 


I'liint  I'lilly,  SE.  i  S.,  4  milt>H.  Pugcl  Soiiud. 


Tuint  KobiDHOD. 

F<)«-(iigiial,  si;,  by  S.,  7}  luili'a. 


^^ 

» 

r 

'. 

w 

\ 

i  , 

li 

1  1 

1 

i 

1 

!. 

1 
I 

f 

! 

1 

I 

I 

(  ;       '        ■i.?'\    ft  I  '.;» 


^^1  ^ ,  ■■.  I 


li:l"  '• 


I'    '   -  *' 


'  y 


<  i« 


I  .  iiii  II  HW^WWW^ 


il  I, 


!ii  i. 


Ill 


3  r 


m 


m 


\\ 


---- — ^ 


}*>: 


V, 


Rem  oration  i-oiut,  NW.,  I'.'i  huIcm 


^^is^^csp::i2 


Point  I'.iliy.  :i}  „„|,,„ 


I'ugi  iiSound. 


jpSfKJ^ 


Buttery  I'oiut,  NVV.  by  N.,  11^  milna. 

nnito  I'oiiii,  rjiiiilcB. 


l,lili#T*- ^'^*^.«vV-';~iw'?'t,,, 


I'llilJt  KolllllMdll,  \,,    y^   luill-e 


.  ^    '  -^_;-i^^.'   ■  y  ■ 


f  ■  «L^^iJ*C"'»wi>^f  ^^^^  ; 


!'  ik'i;  ^'ou^(l. 


-:,.•:l-«M■•;;^fr^^■|l;'^•ht■■■/^^M;,.■^^Jf■-••^^■^^     •*^'^■■V.^',|■^•fV;"«*■-"■ 

'"-"-'  ■^'  :.:;•>>  -■  ,    ■■:"  ■  ■■■■  ■■ 


Mount  Baker. 


I't 


HI 


1-* 


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t 

'  ■      'i 

'   - ,      1 
>    1     1 

PAC'IPIC   COAST    PILOT.  CI 5 

I'OINT   IlKAt.S, 

Tliis  jMiint,  on  tlu^  w.-storn  siili'  u(  tin-  cliiiiiiii.l.  is  iw,.  ,iim1  tin ci^'htlis  luilcs  soiillicuHt  liiilf 

.until  lioiii  l>ol|iliJii  I'oinl.aiiil  (ivcaiid  lliifc  I'iKlitlis  milrs iliwi'si  .{Mnitfi'  wrsi  Inun  llnliiiisoii 

I'.mil.  It  is  iicailv  alMfiisi  ol  I'oiin  PnJIs.  ||  is  ;,  w.H.ilnl  |i(iiril.  lisin;;  ;;iacliially  In  scvcial  liiiii- 
chcd  fi'i't,  hut  it  (Iocs  iKii  |ii((j(.ct  lar  iniu  ihr  rliaiiiit'l.  It  i>  mi  ihr  (.a>i  nIkmv  iif  Vasliini  Isiaiul. 
.mil  lifs  jiisl  inside  a  ("iirsc  Imiii  I'.iinl  K'nliiii.siiii  to  l>i>l|iliiii  I'mni.  TIick'  is  dii-p  walcr  close  oil 
II.  iiliil  deep  water  under  llie  sli;;lill>  reeedili;;  slmre  to  llie  iioitii  and  to  llie  south.  .Just  oh  the 
iicutlnveNt  Hide  oC  the  iioiiit  there  is  a  nu-K  staiidiii;;  loiiiteeii  feel  out  of  water. 

IViINf    lidlSINSiiN, 

This  istlieprdiiiiiieiil  and  nolieealile  point  foniiin;,'  the  east,  iniiiost  piojeelion  of  Maiii.v  Island, 
which  is,  however,  aclilal!,\  a  part  of  Vashon  Isl.inil,  it  stietclics  hcII  o\ci  touaids  the  eastern 
shore  (if  tlie  elianiiel,  which  it  reduces  in  w  idlli  to  t  uo  iiii!es.  'I'lic  cMieiniiv  of  the  point  is  a  low 
spil  (Hie  hundicd  and  littv  .\ards  outside  the  lico,  uiih  iniciv  I'liiii;;  iiiaish.\  f;ioiiiid,  and  then  a 
hhitV,  wliieh  isalxtiit  thiilv  feet  lii;;h  and  lui^dil  on  the  .south  side,  hut  covered  on  the  top  with 
trees.     The  lillllVlises  to  alioiit  seventy  feet   liclillid. 

I'poii  the  point  are  three  iiicoiispiciiiuis  lioiisc-.,  Iiciiii;  pan  ol  the  Ion  si;;nal  '•iiihiin^s.  To 
the  liorlliwest  of  (lie  point  the  shore  runs  ne,irl\  we>l  for  tlirec  niih's,  Ihiii  \s  itii  a  sweepin;; ciirvo 
to  llie  IKirlh  for  one  miie  to  I'oinl  lle\ei,  liielicc  liorlli  liorlhuest  lor  iie.irl.\  three  miles,  to  roiid 
Heals.  On  the  south  of  the  point  ihi'  iiliilV  shore  runs  lour  and  one  third  miles  siuilliwest  liy 
.■-oiitli  in  a  reeediii;;  curve,  to  I^lilll  I'iiici'. 

I'lider  the  south  siile  of  Toiiit  lle\ei  is  a  broad  open  hiylit,  calh'il  V'/vo/i/)  lloihur,  with  a  very 
lou  slioie  on  the  soiitlicrn  part  and  iieai  Ivconiiectcd  w  illi  the  head  ol' <,)iiai  leiinasler's  llarlior. 
Ill  this  liif^hl  there  is  anchoia;;!'  in  lilleeii  to  ei;ilileeii  fatlnciis  of  water,  over  line  jfray  sand,  with 
deep  water,  of  iimre  than  sixty  fallioins.  on  the  line  lietweeii  Point  llcver  and  I'oiiil  lioliinson. 

This  is  ii  },'<)od  aiieliorai;e.  ,iiid  there  is  fresh  water. 

OIV  Ifoliinsini  Point  the  water  is  very  deep:  and  lietwecn  this  and  I'oiiit  I'.rown  it  is  said  that 
when  the  weather  is  calm  llici-e  isalw.i\sa  lot  ot  oM  seawceil  and  siiill  alloal  in  this  part  of  the 
sound  as  if  it  remained  liere,aiid  \ery  little  eiiricni  uiovemeiit. 

I'OiJSItlN.M,    Al'    I'OINI'    t;nI!tNS(iN. 

This  si^jnal  is  on  the  e\lrcniit.\  of  I'oinl  Itoliinsoii,  on  llii'  easternmost  point  of  N'ashoii  or 
Maiiry  Island,  and  nine  miles  lioin  Tacoiua. 

The  to;;  si;;lial  IhPiisc  and  the  Uecpei's  dwelling;  are  located  on  the  low  ;:ravel  point  which 
e\teiids  one  hillidied  and  IiHn  yaids  oiitsjile  and  eastward  of  the  wooded  lilillV.  They  are  wooden 
lpiiildiii;;s  of  one  story  and  one  and  a  hall  stories,  respectively,  painted  w  liite.  with  j;reeii  window 
Minds  ,ind  brow  II  root's.  The  dwelliiiu  siaiids  I  wo  hundred  and  thirty  three  yaicls  to  the  south- 
\\  aid  of  the  l'o;j  si;;iial. 

The  apparatus  is  a  twelveinch  steam  whistle,  which  was  estalilished  .Inly  1,  IS.s,".,  and  is 
■.oiimled  ill  thick  and  fo.u;;\  weather.     It  j;ives  \<\am-<  k>\'  six  snuiiils  iliinilion,  icllli  intif  rah  of  fifty- 

Inlir  SICIIIuls, 

The  ;;co','raphical  position  of  the  fousijiiial,  as  delermined  lp.\  llie  I'.  S.  t'oast  and  (leodetie 
.•^ursey,  is  : 

l,,.l, .•    '■     •-■•    11'     I  Mnrlii. 

I...lij;llll.lc '••-      -■'    -'    ^»'>l- 

Ol.  ill  I  inn- "''  •'"   -■'"■' 

iM-oni  I'oint  IJobiiison  lM.;;-si-iial  we  have  the  followiii-  bearin-s  and  distances   to  proiiiilicnt 

objects: 

liclplni.  r,.iMt N-  '"•  \\-  '^  ■"'>'•'*• 

Hall...vl'..ii.l  ^■•"  ^^'^  l'ni>il.'H. 

f.,inl  i'lillv ^■-'  \\-  •''"'"••^• 

i'.Miiinrow,, '^^    ~  \^-  •':""l"''- 

i'oinl   I'inrr ^    :"'  \\'  '*  ""''■"• 


H 


^^ 


I  V       >. 


6KJ 


I'M  iric  n»A>i    rii.ui. 


I'oiiil  /.'../.( (I .M.;i  l.iiihl.  .\  li.iiil  ml  li.ihl,  lens  l.inlflli.  Iiiis  lin-ti  siispriiilnl  t'lulil  :lli  ;iii.  ,„,  ,, 
Willie  |M.>t.  Tlir  l.iiitnn  1^  .ilioiit  tliiiiv  |,.ci  alM.M.  s.M  I.mI.  Tin-  piisi  is  (uir  Inot  ill  .|i  im,i..| 
and  t units  livo  UhI  liij;li.  Ii  i>  ,l..s,.  t<>  tlic  t-iid  .if  tli.'  spit  aii<l  alxiiit  Ini  y.mU  iiorlli.  ,i,t  „| 
tLc  t'o^  si;:nal  luiiltliii;;. 

It  Wii.s  i'j<talili>luil  Ih'cfiiilivr  IJ.  1SS7. 

|<IMMKN<'K.M1-.NT    HAY. 

Soiitli  oC  I'liiiil  iJdliiiiMMi  till'  widtli  III  llic  iiili't  m   siuind  expands  to   ilnci'  and  a  liali  iml, 
iM'tWffii  llifs.mtlifast  racfiirMaiiiv  and  Vaslntn  Islands  and  I  In-  mam  land.  \mIIi  liiulijiliitl.  u |, 

.sjliMi's  nil  lintli  sides,  liiit  nil   lllr  ikhI  li  West  sliolc  tin-  lillllls  ate  lllllimkril  :    nil  the    siiiiIIumsI      liii>i 

tlu'v  all'  limKcii  !>>  small  sIhmiiis  riilrriiii;  tin-  sound.     In  this  fvp.insn.ii  nl  ilif  sniinil  ihc  \'.au  i  i, 

«U'fp  i.Millui  sli.uf.aii.l  in  tin' rinin  il  is  .iImhiI  niic  linndifd  Litlioms     \\  ,.  ||.|\,.  | n  inioiini  li  ih.ii 

ill  ralni  wtallnT  niiiili  old  sciwitiI  .iiid  stiitl  is  I'nuiid  linitin;;  m  tins  It.isiii,  as  il'  ilii'ic  wcir  liiilc 
ciiririil.  lii'.Miisc  (lie  piiiH'ip.il  clili  cimciil  pa.sscs  iliriiii;,'li  the  N.niuws  iinrthward  tlm>M::li  ih, 
('ol\ KS  l^ls^a^M•. 

At  Ilir  sniiilicni  pari  ul'  tliis  liasin  ('iiniiiit'iicriiicnt  l!,i>  ii|iciis  rn«iii  tjic  east  sdutlicasi,  w    h  u, 

I'lltraiire  ol'  t\M'  ,ilid  .III  I  lj.'litll  mil.s  liflWiili  I'niiit  KlDWIl  nil  till'  ll'illli  side  and  tlir  lii;iiii  i|.  h 
oast  of  I'dillt  lU'liancc  in  tlic  snlllliw.ml.  Tin-  licld  of  tlic  lia.\  is  tin  re  miles  inside  nt  I'njiil  I  1  .  > 
and  Niimewliat  iiicie.i>es  its  wid'li,  luil  at  lis  lead  llieie  is  a  liiciad  and  exteii-^uc  mini  Hal  ai..l  In  > 
inaisli  land  Inmied  l'\  llie  di  pMsils  lilnii;;lit  down  li\  the  rii_\allnp  Kl\ei.  This  IS  a  l.ii>ie  iir.iiu 
enmiii;;  III  tiniii  the  li.iiiks  nt  the  Cascade  itan^e,  ami  iie.iil.v  parallel  with  the  I >ii \vaiiii>li  m 
While  l.'iNei.  I  he  II  'illi  .iiid  east  slimes  of  this  li.iv  are  llie«aler  hniiiidary  ol  the  rii.valliip  Ki - 
eivalinii.     On  the  smith  slmre,  well  in  the  li.iy,  are  the  old  and  new  towns  nt'Taemna. 

'rhiip||;;hmit  tlielias  the  depth  nf  I  he  w  .iter  is  \  el  \  ;.'leal,  I  aii;;iii;,'  Irmil  ei;;hlv  ei;,'hl  l'allinhi>  in 
the  middle  nl'  the  eiitiaiice  In  thirtv  rallioiiis  close  iiiider  eii  her  shore,  and  earrviii};  t\vi-nt.\  I.iiIimh^ 
eloNe  up  to  the  ed;^e  n|  the  in  nil  li.lt  •>,  w  liicli  ,iie  It, I  re  a  I   low   w  alet. 

No  special  d  I  reel  mns  are  needed  to  en  lei-  nr  lea\  e  this  1m\  .  The  anchora;,'!'  oil'  'i'acoiii.i  i-  nui 
pMMl,  lierailse  the  depih  of  water  IS  Ion  ;;reat  and  increases  \etv  raiudlv  nil  slinre.  Il  Is  lipnildl 
I  hat  nl!  the  saw  mil  N  nt'  Old  Tacniiia,  the  liinnlllii;  liiloys  ha\  e  a  spi  in;;  c.ihle  carried  In  tin  ~  III  III 
tnplevenl  I  llcir  sll  pplll  i;  oil  into  the  deepel  w.itels.  riiele  Is  ;;nnd  anclliir.l;:e  lllldcl  the  linllli 
shnle  III  the  sll;,'lil  Icccssimi  nl  tin  shnie  lie;.'inillll;,'  three  rmirlhs  nt'  a  mile  e.isl  ol'  rnilll  lliiun. 
Hall'  a  mile  nt)  >|inre  an<l  halt'  a  mile  east  nt'  the  lii;.diesl  liri;;hl  lilull  nt  Point  lirowii  ili<  ii  -  ,i 
depth  nl'  I  Well  I  \  Lit  liniiis  o\  er  lilnw  n  mild,  anil  I  he  three  ratlinili  line  IS  one  hundred  \  aids  hull  III 
shore.       This  ,ilichnra;;e  is  Wfll  sheltend  llniii  all  lull   the  soul  he.islei  s  of  wintel. 

The  edd.s  curl  I'lits  .ire  so  \  er\  irre;,'iil,ir  in  < 'niiiiiieiicemeni  l!a\  thai  courses  In  sten  In  in 
thick  we.itlier  are  alinnsi  useless,  'i'lieie  i>  a  jieculiar  liliii  nf  whitish  w.iieron  the  suilacc  ..;  ;lir 
liay  dm  ill;:  the  elih  tides  and  lii^t  c|U.iiler  nl'  the  linnd  I  ides  ;  this  larel.v  leases  the  lia\  and  i-  .ml 
to  come  liniii  the  ;;laeial  wati'is  lunii;;lil  dnwii  liv  the  I'lisallup  Itixer. 

When  in  or  olV  the  entrance  to  this  li.i\  tin'  snnw  covered  sumiiiil  of  the  m.issive  ^;MllllI 
Itaillier  .shows  Wondi'lflllls  >il-llllil  n\el  llie  low  middle  ;,'roiiiiil  at  the  heail  of  the  lpa,\.  Hm 
mounlain  is  thirls  six  miles  distant  and  rises  to  a  hei-iii  of  loiirteeii  thousand  four  hiindn.l  nui 
(oris    loll  I    feet. 

This  It.i.s  lecelM'd  its  preselil  n.ime  ill  I  7 '.•'_'  Iioiii  N'ancouser,  who  lhoii;;lit  this  tliceiill.ri  i  In 
some  l.il_'e  arm  of  tlie  inlel.  mi  aceniliil  nf  the  low  cnuiillS  nl'llie  l'u.,allup  salli'S  Up  wliiililii 
was  Innkin;:.  He  liist  s.iw  llie  inniint.iin  when  oll'tlias's  ll.iilioi.  lie  ;;.ise  the  moiintiiin  it> 
prwent  II  line.  Iml  il  is  loealls  known  .i.>  Mmiiit  Tacoiiia.  The  Indian  name  is  Ta;;hmiM  Ilir 
Imliaii  name  of  the  has  is  I'liyallup. 


>:'^  f. 


'i 

i'  ^ii  '■ 

\  P' 

■  \ ' 

I'filNT    llKdWN. 

Tiii.s  fonns  the  north  point  of  the  entrance  to  ('ommenecmetii  I'.as.     On  tl iitcriiinsi  pmiit 

to  the  north  it  is  low  ami  -r.isclls.  with  ;;enll>  rising'  w led  ;;inuiid  lielilnd  a  iiiarshv  N|>ni  ic  I'lc 

the  Insv  pniiil.     Onlliesniiih  face  of  t  he  pninl  I  he  slini  e  I  ises  ;:rad  iiall  s  and  irie;;ularls  iiie\|'  nl 

s»hit«'ela.s  dill's  from  twenty  live  feel  to  two  liiindred  feel  liij,'li  wiiliin  lisc  ei(,'htlis  of  a  mile  ■"! 

the  iH.int.     The  lami  liehind  is  all  cos  eivd  w  ith  i  hcKoii  pine,     ruder  the  north  side  of  the  i  " 

there  is  an  Indian  shanty  and  fence  close  under  the  trees.     There  is  very  deep  ssatci  one  hiii  'I 
and  fifty  yardrt  oil  the  jimnt. 


)'(t   llcJlJi  ;|||    .11  III    ,,|,  ,, 
one    liMil    ill    i|i.iiii,.|..|- 

II  >iiril.s  iiiMtli.  1-1  ,,| 


lirci'  anil  a  ImiIi  iiiiIi'> 

nil  lll.ulljilllll.  u..,,i|,,| 
I  I  lie  Milltlic  i>l  ■■liMii 
I  111'  siMilnl  Ilic  Wall  I  i» 
IN  i>  lii'cii  inriiiiiii'il  ili.it 
as  il'  iliric  «(  If  liiili' 
Ki'tliwanl  lliiiiii;:li  [U,. 

■asl  sdiiilicast,  vm:1i  an 
\v  anil  tlif  tiiaiii  ihi,. 
ii.snii-  til'  I'dinl  r.i'iuii, 
i>l\r  iiiiid  Hal  aiiil  \<>\\ 
riiis  is  a  iaij^f  itiaiii 
nil  till'  Ilii\\aiiii>li  III 
ot  thr  riivalliiii  i;r> 
I'  Tai'iiiiia. 

;;lil.\  ci^'hl  latlinh-  m 
iT.vin^;  i\\fnt,\  ^.lllll.lll^ 

r,\iiv  oil'  TacdliM  I-  nil' 
>lloic.  1 1  Is  |i'{Mi|  In! 
1'  call  iftl  In  llic  -!iiiii 
l.i;:c  liniU'l  IIk'  lixilli 
ist  (if  I'dinl  lii'^ii, 
III  liniwn  iIhi'i  .1 
imlri'il  .\anl.s  Imn  In 
ltd. 

(IIISCS     1(1     .sifcl      In      !ll 

111  llir  Miiiai'i'  111  till' 
■(•s  llic  lia>  ami  I-  •  ml 

llif   ina>si\c    .Moiiiil 
■ail   III   I  III'  lia\.      I  ill 
i|  liilll    llliniilril    ili'l 

It  llii>  |lii'i'ntrii:i- 1  11' 
\allr\    n|i    wliii'li  lit 

M'     till'     llllMlllt.l 

ic   IS  'i'a;;liiiliia       i    ' 


till'  nnti'liniist    1 

iiiat'sliy  .s|iii|  II      .1 
H';;iilail\  ln<'\i      "' 
^;litli.s  oT  a  mill        ii 
th  side  111'  till 
p  wiitcr  out'  liiii 


I'M     !'■  cuAsi    I'li.or.  (;|7 

Till'  low  poinl  iini'  iiiitl  oiii'('i;;lilli  nnli'.s  nmlli  lt,\  lasl  i|iiail(i' cast  I'mm  I'lijni  I'.niwn  is  "    ih 

I'ninI,  uli^'litl.v  lirt'akiii;;  till' ^;i'iM'ial   li f  Ilic  .slimv  in   il,,'   IhiasliMuil.     'I'Iu'M'  i     .i  ,sli<,'lit 

Infill  Willi  ili'('|t  wali'i'  lii'twi'i'ii  tliiiii.     Ilasli  |iiiiiit  i>  \i<\\  I'm    il i  till  \  \  aiils  liark,  w  lii'ii  tlicliiml 

iiM's  ;;railiiall,v,  anil  is  spaisi'lv  cumiiiI  \\,'Ii  Ihts  Hiat  an-  aliniil  m'miiIv  livi-  I'l'cl  liilll. 

From  I'diiit  liniwii  wr  liavr  tlii>  rnlldwinj;  liciiriii;r.s  anil  ilistaiins  in  iiii|ioiianl  dliji'cls: 

riiiiil  KiiliMiMCiii  rii>;  »ij;iial .\,    .  j.;  ,',)  mili.M, 

l>ali  i>  I'm  II  I,  Mill  I  III  III  iiilriiiirr  In  t,'iilviH  I'lmsiini' N.  -n  U  .  IH  in  Ich, 

I'liiiil  liiliiiiiii' S   -II  \V.  |(  inlli.H. 

Ni'W  Till  iinia S,  III  I:.  'j    mili.s. 

I'diiit  Mcliaiirt',  wliirli  is  till'  wt'sii'iiiiiidsi  1 11  lint  ui' ('nmmiiiri' Ill  I  la  \,  is  1(1111  anil  one  riiiirtli 

null's  wi'Ntwaril  of  Puilit  IiIiinmi  ;   it  will  lir  iliM  I  iliiil  as  I  hi'  I'lilraiiri'  to  l'ii;:i't  .Son  ml. 

I'liint  Htdini  l.iijhl.  —  X  ji.Kil  irhllr  liijIiU  li'ns  laiiliTii,  li.is  'htm  plaicil  on  a  wliilr  pii>l.  Tlit; 
hulit  is  aliiiiit  twclvi'  I'i'i'l  aliiivi'  tlir  .-.ca  Irvrl.  'I'lii'  post  is  till  I'li'l  hiuli,  ami  is  aliiiiil  lill.N  .\aiils 
IVoiii  llic  ld\v-wa(»T  I'liil  III'  till' spit.  Il  IS  two  ami  iliiiT  i'i;iliil!s  mill's  noi 111  iiorlliwi'st  (NNW.) 
Iioin  Nfw  I'acDiiia. 

It  wii»  t'stablislii'il  Dt'ci'iiibcr  IJ,  I.SS7. 

TACdMA. 

Tilt' sdiilli  ulidii' df  ('diiiiiii'm'i'ini'nl  l>ay  is  a  snirs  of  riiiVs  of  \aiial)li'  ln'i;;lil,  cut  by  small 
stroaiiis.  Itcltinil  tlii'si'  rlilVs  tin- ;;i'oiiiiil  ;;iailiiall\  lisi's  to  tuo  IuiikIii'iI  I'i't'l.  Al  Olil  Tariiiiia, 
wliiili  lies  ilii'i't'll.N  soiilli  of  i'oint  r.roun  ami  is  lln'  wi'sii'in  ot  tin'  |uo  towns,  tin-  iiiiiiii'iliah* 
slioii'  is  low,  but  till'  la  III  I  i  isi's  sdiiii'w  hat  sli  r|i|.\  lii'liiml  il.  .M  (  Mil  Tai  oina  tlii'ii'  is  a  lai';;r  saw- 
mill, anil  wlii'ii  wc  wfn-  llicri'  last  >r\v\\  m  ri^ht  hii;ri'  M'sscIs  unr  luailiii;;  Inmbri'.  Tlirrr  arc 
uirat  raits  tiinliT  tlii>  slioir.  Tiir  sawmill  has  ,in  avi'iairi'  onljint  ol  two  Inimliril  ami  lil'ly  tliiMi- 
s.inil  I'i'i't  ol'  liinibi'r  rvri'V  twenty  rmii'  lioiiis,  but  it  has  prmliici'il  as  hii^li  as  I'diir  linmlrcil  ami 
I wt'iity  si'\ I'll  tlidiisaml  li'i't  upon  a  special  orcasion. 

<>iit>  iiiili'  III  till'  caslwai'il  dl'  the  ohl  town  is  the  new  town  ol'  Tacnma.  which  is  the  western 
iciniiiiiis  df  tlii^  Ndi'llii'i'ii  I'arilii'  Itailioad.  I  Icic  llic  dills  aica  hninlri'il  lecl  lii;;'li,  anil  beliimi 
llieiii  till'  lanil  rises  to  thiee  liiimlicil  ami  si\t\  feel  in  thiie  i|iiarteis  of  a  mile.  The  ii'irace  lanil 
lictweeii  the  two  towns  is  ileaieil  aiiil  laiil  out  in  town  lots.  This  site  of  .New  Tacoiiia  is  llie  ter- 
mums  of  the  Ndithei  n  I'aritii'  I  tail  mail,  w  Inch  lAtcmls  woi  uanl  I'loin  the  cili^ie  of  the  ureal  mini 
Mat.  Here  are  sitnaleil  the  lar;;i'  ile|i(ils  ot  the  i.iilidail  emniiany,  sawmill,  etc.  The  machine 
shops  of  the  eoinpany  aie  one  mile  faitlicr  up  the  hay,  abieasi  I  he  mini  llals.  Tliefe  is  \ery  deep 
waU-r  (cifilit  fatlioms  al  mean  tub')  clo>e  np  In  Ihc  w  liai  \cs  and  dochs.  The  shi|iineni  of  eoal  is 
iiiaih*  from  this  purl,  and  probably  exceeds  iliiee  Imndied  thmisand  tons  annually.  Tlii'ie  is  ii 
1  iial  chute  for  loading'  vessels,  and  coal  bunkers  with  a  capacity  of  fdiir  thmisand  Ions,  but  no  ma- 
iiiie  lailway.  I.m'dindtives  are  used  I'm'  pushing  cars  ii|illii'  incline,  w  liich  has  a  leiijjlh  of  out! 
thoiisaiid  feet,  and  a  \iVM\v.  of  one  hiindicd  and  sixlrin  feci  to  the  mile. 

'/V,/,x._Tlie  cliart  df  ("oininenccnieiil  l!,iy  -ix  i  s  .i  l.ilile  I'm- lliiiliii^-  the  times  and  lii'i},'lils  nf 
the  tides.  The  ('drrecled  i:slab:isliinenl,  dl  Mie  a\  eia,:;i'  intenal  bit  weiii  the  luiiedf  the  iiidon's  pas- 
•a^'o  and  the  time  of  lii-h  water,  is  X  \  T  7'  ;  but  this  inleival  ma\  be  nearly  mie  hour  smaller 
when  the  iiiooii'.s  (leelinatidii  is  •jreatesi  nmlh,  and  mailv  two  hoiii>  -n  .I'ei  when  the  immn'sdeeli- 
nalidii  is  (greatest  .siinth.     The  mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  lide  is  seven  and  si'Ventciillis  feet. 

To  find  the  time  and  height  df  any  tide  tlirmi-honi  the  >car,  cmisiili  Ilie  I'acilie  Tide  Tables, 
imblished  annually  by  the  I'.  S.  t'oast  and  (leodelic  Snr\ey.  The  -icilol  raii;;e  of  tides  during; 
the  period  of  observations  was  sixteen  and  sexcn  leiilhs  leel. 

On  the  risin;;  hillside  the  town  of  NewTacoiua  li.is  a  lai-e  iiiiiiibei ni  line  bnildinjis,  privateaiul 
piiblie,  line  hotel,  etc.  The  population  is  abmi!  ci^lil  llioiisaiid.  The  taxable  property  of  the  city 
w.is  a.s.ses.sed  at  two  million  .seven  hiimlied  thoiisaiid  dollars  iii  l.vSl.  There  is  comiiiunicatiou 
by  .steamer  with  all  purls  on  the  .sound.  111  iiish  ( 'oliiinliia.  and  S.m  I'laii  iseo.  There  is  also  railroad 
cominiiiiicatioii  ilirecl  to  the  Allanlic  Stales  and  with  On-mi  and  ('a'lfmnia.  New  Taeoma  is  the, 
cminty  .seat  of  I'leree  Connly,  which  has  a  pupnlaliim  of  about  twelve  thousand  iieojile,  en.^^a.ued  in 
aciiculinre,  lunibt'riiiK>  coal,  and  other  industries.  In  ISSI  the  assc-sed  value  ol  the  inoperty  in 
the  couuty  was  lour  am),  a  half  luillions  of  dollars. 


i 


I   ' 


|i 


G18 


PACinc  r«»Asr  pilot. 


fi      ' 

I'll      III'      ^i^- 


%,  Ml 

1 1     i  I 


i! 


*; 


COI.VOS   I'ASSAGK  ■ 

WchavoclM'ivlion- iiu'iiticn.^il  iliat  l.rtoiv  tlif  -curnil  iis,.  uC  si,.;iiii.tn-s  on  ihcs,.  w.,;.  „|„l 
bt'foro  tllt>  tli'vclupiiKMit  olTacoiii;!  us  ih,-  t.rnnmi-i  ol'  i  I  imiimoiiI  iiifiilal  r;iilii.;i,l.  Iliis  j.mns.ij,- «',. 

tli.>  .iiiiiost  iiivan.ibls  iisc.l  sliiiM-li.iiiiifl  lor  v.>.>.sfls  lo  ami  Iroin  I'li-ct  Sniiinl.      Ii  i-,  i,,| (  i,,  ,  , 

w.'si.iii  si     r,...r  \  ash. .11  Islaii.l  am!  ilh'fast.Tii  simiv  of  111.' <;ivat   I'ciiiiiMila.      li  is  .■(.•\,  ;i  ,in,|  . 
liall'  iinlfN  I. HIV'  ami  m-aily  stiai^lil  ,in  a  fcmiM'  suiitli  l.y  t'asi.      |i  has  a  \cr>   ic.uiilai  Mulih  i.|  ,„, 

mil.',  wiih  li;;.'li  l.liilVslH.rcs.  Muir.l  l.\  III I. .IIS  .small  h.u  .saii.l  imhhIs  maKiii-  .'mi  a  simri  ,i  m.iii.-,. 

Iioni  111.-  ta.-f  <.r  Ih.'  I. lull,  au.l  all  having  m-,.,  .hi  |.  wat.r  ..IV  them.      Th.'  nml  chaiincl  (lc|.ii,-;  iu, 

lin.v  1.1  siMvlivc  rallh.iiis  ovfi' i.ii.' ^;i-a\  sami  ami  ;;ravcl.      A  \  rss.l  iiia\  amhcr  aii>«h.'i ., 

eitlu'i-  ,sliiii(>  if  sill-  has  nxiiii  l«i  swiii^'.     The  licst  am-hma-.'  is  iimlcr  ih.'  tMstirii  sin. re.  u.  ..: 
iii-ilh  .  i.traiici-.  ai'.Hit  .mic  ami  a  half  iiiih's  iiisulf  .>l'  I'.imiI  N'avhoii.     Thi'if  is  her.'  a  sli;;lii  i,    ,  ,i 
ami  lii.'aKiiiu  ih.wu  o(  lu,-  hli.iV.  and   a  v.'sscl  will  liiid  .•mcHciiI  am'h.)ia^;v  in   li\i.  i,i  i.n   i     i,,,,,,, 
iif  watiT.     'I'liis  amlh.ia;;.'  is  kn.nvn  as  I'mi  Ctin,^  and  llii-  low  |ii)iiil  li.riiiiiii;  the  .siinthiih     iioi, 
1>  Point   I'cttT, 

Tiu'if  Is  usually  nmrt'  wind  in  (his  pa-sHairt'  Mian  in  the  inoad  passa^;.-  l.i  the  castwaK!  .i  \  , 
sImui  Isiaml.  ami  niiirh  slniiimT  iinifiiis.  while  at  ih.'  in.ith  .iitrami'.  l.iluc.ii  I'oiiit  Wish  .n  ii.l 
I'dakf  l-laiid.  Is  III.'  anchoiiii-  ;.:i  miml  nf  A  llcii  Haul,,  all.  .idy  iK-siiil.rd.  I'liiic  al.'  n..  Kiimvii 
daiifitis  III  this  |.,is.savi'. 

Sim  (•  the  hnildili':  ol    ra.'i.Mia  almost  all  mssc'  ;  iiiiiniim  to  llic  h.'ail  of  the  soiiiiil,  |o  (  i 
ali.l  oihcr  [ilai'ivs,  ;;o  li\   \\  a.\   iil'  ;  he  w  i.l.'  jLissayc   l.i'twc.n    \  asjion    Isl.iml    and    llif   .a-:. 
slii'ic.     This  inaili  passa;;.'  slionhl  1...  naliicd  loi   i  «'rt'ifiiic      <'ol\os  I'assa;;.'  is   rai.l\   iisid  .    (.| 
hv  tn^'s  towing  rafts  of  li>;;s  to  the  iioilln\aiil.  Iii'.miisc  it  alVoids  the  must   duct   .'hi.  .iiin  i  i   i  .  • 
thoslmrtfr  ilistam.'.     Smn.'tim.'s  si.miii  boats  from  Tacoma  ;o  S.Mtth'  t.iU.'  th.'  ('..1<  ..s  I' i   - ,_, 
a<'f<Mllit  ol"  tho  sIliHi^i'r  chh  ciiirrnt.      TIm' ilisi.iiic.'   iVoin    New     Tainiiia   ni    Sr.itlh'   h.\   th.   i  -l 
l'a-.Na;;c  is  twi'iil\  six  ami   mn- fourth   miles,  ami   li\    \\a\  ot   tin'   \Mdi'    pas.s,i;j;e  t  wcnt.v  ii- .    >: 
lialf  iiiii.'s. 

I>o>)kii>y:')ii    ot   this  jiassa^e  to  lli<'  iiorthwaiii  .Moniil   Haker  shows  distiin'tls    iiid  \ii\    ■•  . 
fully  iM  liear  wi-athei. 

Toiii!   V'.islioii,  .(I  the  iioilli  eiilram'e,  has  aliea.ly  lucii  desnilied. 

I'.iiNr  .si.t  I  iiwiii;  I II. 

The  north  entraiiec  of  the  <  'oh us  I'a.ssap'  is  one  mil.'  «  i.le  li.'l  «  eeii   I'oiiit   X'ashon  an.l  i 
Hii.ltliworlli,    thi'lali.i    Ileal  ilij^  Ileal  l\    west  solithn.sl   li  oin  t  h.'  loriml  .       It   is  low   ii.ar  1  !:■        ! 
lillt  ll--i's  to  ,(  li!;;h  wooili  .1   iiliill.      It   has  di-ep  w.n.r  close  iimlei    lis  .solUheasl  slih',  lilll  .liM 
ia.i\   he  ii.iil  ..It    ihi    iioitli  fate  \ii;h  stion,,'  firreiit  ;. 

IiAI.fu    l>i:!M. 

This  Is  til,,  .south  western    pi>inl  ol    \  .ishon    Ishiml,  where   .he   ( 'ohns   I'ass.im'   opeii~  '■'■ 
.-ioiilhw  aid.     'I'lie  soiii  hei  niiiosi  poiit  of  tin-    i-l.iiiil   Is   N.ill    ''onl.   wliiih   is  iieail\  ,i   mil.      ■ 
eastwai'l  '.I    l>.ih.i  I'miil.       I'ln-  li.,imi   point    is  a    ino.leratel.N   I  i    li  \n..oiIii1   liliilV,  villi  ii..  .h 
|iouil,  hem;,' a   l.iii;,'  |..iimlin^  -hoic.      It  tonus  the   north   siih   ..f  th.'  eiitraiiee   liom   I'll;:,  i  >■ 
ami  Col'.. is  rass.iL'e  into  ilie  lir.>a.|.'r  wale's  ..f  the   soiiinl  a.nl   inlet   to  the  ea.stwi'.ld.     .\hi'  f 
It    loth.    >oill  h  s.i.i;hN> '■    .   IS   I'ollil    l>elian.-e,   the    neai'i-.sl     -hole  ol     whiell   is  one  an. I  one  ihi 
(llslaiil        Here  the  south  elilian.i'    to    ('oIm.s    I'.iss.i^e  Is  on.'    ami    se\.  n  el;:lllhs    miles    will' 
deep  waters  elose  iilider  I  he  shores,  iaii;4niti  fmm  I  went  y  to  lblt\  f.ithoins  d.'ep,  o\  er  ;;ra,\  sai  >:  hmI 

;;ia\id,  l.iil    with,.    I",enl\    latho'a    pateli    al    the    meet  Hi;;  ol    I  he    Ihl..'    pass.l,L;es,  alt  I uli 

iiearei  the  west.in  slior.'. 

.V»i7/  I'nnit,  as  seen  when  oil  I'.. ml    n.liahei',  is  a  hi;:h  sloping  hliitf  .omhmI  with  li.. 
Im'.u'Ii,  without  any  hii^dit  .\  posed  (.art.     There  is  a  \ii.\  iiaiiow  Ii.m.  h  at  lii^:li  water. 


'^1 


i'^'r  " 


IK    f 


I(Al.('ii    I'AS.'iAliK. 

To  properly  d('Mi>.'iial»-  the  piiMnaR*")  iM'tw.fii  I'oiui  l>ehame  ami  'he  south  i  iid  of  Vanlion 
I'liilwaf  111^'  N.iII  am]  Oah-o  I'oiiils,  we  lia\e  named  it  ih.'  Daleo  I'assap-.  II  opens  into  1 
I  iWM  ttt  the  Miiithwest.   iiilo  Colvos   l'assa;relo   the  uorthwi-st,  into  ("oiiiiuclieeincllt    l!a\  • 

'  Niiiii..|  i.v  II..   I'   s   l'\i.i..iiiiu  r.\|...liii I'^ll 

I  Niiiii.il  l.>  ll.i   I'.  S   C.ie.l  iSiiiv.  V  III  l-.%T. 


i;^s  oil  1  licsc  w Mil       ,;|i,i 

lilli;lil.  Illis  ll:|>-,i     ,.  ^v  |. 

ml.  1 1  IS  Idiiiifil  li\  Hi, 
ilhl.  It  is  (■(.•\r!i  .111(1  ., 
•r>   icuiiliii  w  iilili  III  „|., 

>lll^  "Ml  II  slmrl  il  ^I.liin 

mill  cliitiincl  iit'iiti,-.  ;ii, 
llirlior  ;iii>  \\  Iiim'-  Mini.  - 
•MsttTii  slnnc.  Ill  ,,i   ih, 

!••  llCIT  ;l  sJiMJll  1,  .  ,  ,|i|,_ 
•  111  liM'  III  Irli  l,i!li,i||,, 
mil;  llif  Siiiiliiri  !■     i 

'  l<i  till'  cast  wall!  i<\  \  ., 

«CCll    I'oilll    WlsllMU  :||,.i 

.      'riii'ic    air  1111  I,  !.!,(■, 


mmmmmmmmm 


'  till'    SOllllll,    III    (  >l      |i.|,|  I, 

ami  I  lir  raslci;.  ln.i: 
if  IS  r:iii'l\  ii-imI  <\ri'|.i 
tlircci  I'lili  rmiiMii  iiii.j 
•  till'  CoImi-  l'as-,i_i..,i, 
<  Sratlli-  !p>  Ilir  <  ..1^(K 
SSil^II'    I  WclllV    ll\  I      ili.i  .1 

tilH'th     llltl   MTV    '•'   *•■' 


'iiiiil  \'asli()ii  aihl  !'.' n: 
I  IS  lipw  iirar  till  >  ,iiii, 
asl  sulf,  lull  .iiitlfiM^i' 


■;^l.!; 


m 


■i  I'assairi'  iipi'ii-  ■  i  !i  I 
Is  luMi  i\  a  iiiili  I  :!.' 
I  liliill.  \<  nil  im  ii<  '< 
llicr  riiilii  I'iIl;«  I  S  Kiii.l 
■  rastVM'ld.  .\!ii.  I  ••  •■' 
iilir  all. I  mil'  I  III 
;:liilis  miles  Will'  .  HI 
i't'|i.  (i\  f|-  ;;la\  sai  ■'  iH'l 
.s.l:.;t's,  .il(liip|i-!i 


Ji» 


iVi'li'il  WItli   llrr 
lii;;li  (vatri. 


Ii  I  ml  <il'  Va.sliiin 

ll  (iprlis  llltii    I 
ii'lii'fiiH'iit    lla\  ' 


Jf':| 


^  ^  '.'^    T   ■,«.^-- 


I'll*    Ulaiiii.  >tfi!aii>.pni 


Kt'lmii  inlaml,  >^   -A     Tiiiiji!> 

J'liU'-l  ■-■       .i  1  troll,  tl,,    N. 


■.»*»*•'' 


^'SWr'tnt . 


S0' 


I'liint  l>iti»iiit,  .""W  .  ^  S  ,  !•  mkIi'i 


N   -h  I'.. ml,  •»  mil.- 
tulriiiii'   li.  (Ill-  .NaiiiirtB 


s'^i'^'!}fSm 


m 


'ity't' 


m 


1    ..V      1-l.llHl. 


I'Miiii  1  ,.„l,,k. 


.1.      ,    tl.lllj      111!        .V.l'    IO«    - 


S*»sr:' 


Kulriiiii'   ii,  ilii-  Naiiiiwn  idui  Hi.'  Nli  tlii-H^i. 


I'.iiril  I'lid'i ,  I  i  nil' 


■'*  ! 


!a' 


|i 


>■      "Hi        Si  .  •' 


»  1 

I 


I  1 


is  ^ 


■1  .     ,4^ 

1  1    '81 


"      lilMf    fl^K 

1  ■ 


1  3 


il 


ll 

iM 

•  '^^  f 

w        • 

i' 

1.1.     1 

i. 

i        ■  , 

I 

-     i|        . 

•1 

>t 

lUA^ 


rAriru'  coast  pilot. 


619 


.Mst-MHitlipast,  jin.l  inlo  tlic  l.ioail  wiit.Ms  ..f  il,.-  inlet  iiii.ItT  Mi.nv.v  Island.    T\w,  ]y.issa<io  i.s  about 

.mr  an.l  cnt'tliinl  niilrs  wi.lo  aixl  nw  ainl  a  lialf  iiiilrs  l,,i,-.    Tli..  il.pi '  (Ik-  water  uiul.Toadi 

slioie  is  iHiite  larj;e,  readiinj;  liftv  fathoms  ..n  the  soiilii  slioiv  aii<l  sixty  iathoiiis hT  tiie  noith 

slinre,  with  11  inliltlh-  p'CMiiiil  of  tiiiity  tn  forty  ratlioins.  The  eiu  rents  are  \ery  variabh'  in  thi.s 
lia.ssano. 

THK    NARr^OWS. 

Tlwro  i.s  a  rehitivoly  narrow  pii.s.sat;.'  iea.lin- from  llie  more  expansive  eliai Is  of  the  Ad- 
miralty Inlet  jiroper  to  the  narrower  but  Really  ramified  inlets  of  |'ii-e:  .Sound.  Throiij;|i  it  pass 
;ili  the  waters  of  rii-ct  Sound.  This  |iassaj;e  isealled  The  Nairous.  'Ihe  north  eiiliaiieeHes  at  tlie 
.outh  entrani'e  to  theColvos  l'assa;;e,  and  is  a  direct  e<.iitiniial  ion  of  ihe  same;  ami  at  Ihe  west- 
ern end  of  the  Ualeo  Passa;:e  t'roiii  < 'onimeneenienl  i;a,\.  The  iiorllieast  i.oint  of  tiie  entr.inee  to 
1  lie  Narrows  is  i'oini  Itelianee.  Mere  (lie  Narrows  i>  one  mile  uide;  for  two  miles  the  eoiir.se  is 
>.iiiiheast  one  thiid  east,  eurvinj;  ,-raduall\  witli  a  sli-liily  decreased  width  to  south  lialf  west  for 
ihi.'e  miles,  when  the  waters  of  the  sound  open  to  the  south  ami  to  the  west.  The  avcia;;e  width 
..t  the  Narrows  is  about  tiiicelbiirlhs  ot' a  mile  :  ilie  shores  are  In-li,  hold,  ami  in  some  places  rocky. 

riic  siirniuit  of  theelitfs  is" ..d.     Tlie  depth  of  walcr  lliioiiMhthe  mid  channel   ran;;-cs  iVoiii 

tiiirty  to  forty  fathoms,  witi.  deep  water  closi>  under  the  shores.     The  eastern  shore  is  the  bolder, 

having'  twenty    :'atl s  of  water  within  |\m>    hiiinlieil  .\aicls  of  tlie  (■lill^  :  ijie  threefathom  line  is 

close  under  Ihe  shoic.  Midway  llirou;;li  The  Nairows  ilic  In-h.  Ion--,  roiimliiii;-  point  on  Ihe  west 
side  is  1'oinl  ICvans,  and  close  under  it  we  t'oiind  a  Miiilveii  rock  wiih  kdp  ,nonml  it  and  in  other 
patches  alonj;  the  shore.     Tliisdan;;er  is  called  Fr.nis  h%,rl..  ;ind  licsalioiit  one  hundred  and  thirty 

\  arils  otl' the  shore,  and  is  just  a  little  ih  oilNiini  Kxaiis.     It   lias  alioiil  lour  ami  a  half  feel  .if 

water  upon  it  at  exlreiiiehnv  tides,  and  the  pilot >  of  I  he  steam  boats  have  special  marks  and  ran;;es 
lia-  its  location  w  hen  passin;:  close  to  it.  it  is  loeallv  know  as  the  ••  I'.owhler."  .\t  theeMreme  low 
tides  of  the  year,  about  .lune,  this  roek  shows  Just  above  the  water  Ibr  a  feu  minutes  at  the  stand. 


Pt'tii 


-3  I 


Tin:  iiinjf.NT.s  IN   iiii;  nvi;i;(iws. 

In  mid  ehaniKd  the  re^Milar  llooil  and  ebb  cuiieiils  are  always  found  lo  run  Croin  oiielialf  to 
an  hour  after  1  he  rise  oi'  f.ill  of  the  I  idc.  'I'iicrc  are  ;;cnerally  coiisideiable  eiirrenl  l  ips,  especially 
.11  Ihe  sprilif^-tides,  with  si  ion;;  swirls,  w  hicli  make  the  u  ,ilcr  \  eiy  roii;;h  and  daiipToiis  Ibi  small 
iio.it>,  more  particlllaiiy  when  Ihe  w  inds  arc  i  unliaiy  lo  ll;e  lurrenls. 

On  the  east  side  of  The  N.irrows,  and  soiiih  it'  I'oint  niiiance,  a  slioii;;  eddy  cm  rent  is  roinid 
on  the  llood'tide  from  about  abreast  of  Toiiii  l^v  iiis  to  roiiit  licliame.  I'his  eildv  is  much  ii^cd 
l>,\  small  steamers,  but  ;;reat  care  niiisi  be  e\erciM(l  u  hen  i  |o,-.e  lo  I'oini  I  leliaiice,  if  bound  lliroiij,'h 
the  Daleo  i'assaft*' to  Tacoma.  to  haul  mil  -radii, ill\  lo  im  el  tiie  slioiii;  lio  id  al  llicpoinl  either 
liow  on  or  tpiartcrin;.^  Oil  the  slaiboard  bow,  instead  of  riinninL;  into  ii  almo>t  at  liyhl  an;;les. 
Ihe  line  between  the  llood  and  the  edd\  is  well  iii, irked  by  the  ''jp.  mni  ,is  Imih  (airrcnls  are  stroiifj;, 
care  is  demanded. 

On  tiie  west  side  of  The  Narrows,  between  I'oint  I'',vaiis  and  (iifi  Harbor,  there  is  a  strong; 
eddy  current  on  Ihe  ebb  tide.  This  edil.v  is  always  taken  achanta;:  ■  of  by  steam  1  oats  and  Miiall 
irall,  but  the  pilots  of  boats   iisin^;'   Ilii>  edd.\   miisi  he  cm  I'lil  lo  keep  char  of  ■■  ihe   I'.oulih 


Koek, 


ilreativ  iiesciiiicii 


II  IS  not   1 


laii;;crip|i-.   Ill  lai:;e  cial'l,  because   liny  wmild   mil  ap 


pmach  so  near  to  the  shoic.     <>ii   the  wot   side  of  The   Nail 


liiu  ~.  bet  \M  III    I'liilil 


l''.\  aii>  and  Toint 


■osdiek,  there  is  slaidv  water  \e 


under  the  shore  diirili;;   liic  llood,  but   onl>  Ihe  smallest 


ciafl   can  take  advanta^^c  of  it.     In  densely  smoky  wcaiher  the  sicaiii  boats  Use  the  echo  of  tha 


hteain-wlii.stk'  to  learn  tlieir  <listanee  fi 


ire,  and  when  the\  make  I'oini  Delianee. 


I'llINT     lif.ll  \M'M 


This  head  is  the  niulheast  p t  ol   the  iiorihein  iniianci 

most  point  of  the  southern  shore  of  ( 'ommcneemeiit  lla\,  and  lies  between 
bay  as  a  projection  two  miles  Ion;;,  pointine^  northv  e 


>1  li\   V.  est  t 


III  tlirei'lonrtlis  ol  a  mile  to  nneipnirter  of  a  mile  i,i  the  e\lrei!iil>  . 


Ill  The  Naiiows.     It  is  the  western- 
The  Narrows  and  that 

■III  decleasiiii;-  in  w  idtli 
b\  several  sleps.      I'.e 


t  (NW  bv  W.l. 


Il 


leil;;e  or  shelf  of  rock   ban' at   low  water.     Tin- 


Iwceii  lii;:h  and  low  water  mark  there  is  a  iiaiiov\ 

lace  of  tliis  roek  is  almost   perpendicular,  with  live  la 

otl'  tun    fatlioniK  over  rockv  boitom.     Abo\.    this  n.cky  iid;;c  there  is  a 


thorns  of  water  alongside,  and  at  70  yards 
se  of   1(1  feet,  a   slope 


reiwidn).'  <1(>  feet  hi^lier,  and  a  third  i^e  "I   loft  feel,  .ilio 


\e  which  the  head  is  driisely  wootknl  and 


()20 


I'ACII'IC   CoAsi    I'li.oT 


^-   'h 


*i 


!     I 


M 


tlu'  Kioiiiul  risos  >;ra.liiall\  hihui.!.  Tlif  t;icc  ol  llir  clill  is  t.>i>  slrrp  for  Incs,  iiiiil  is  a  l.p  In  vil 
low  coli.r.  Til.' iiorili  face  i.f  tlic  |i<)iiit  I. inks  diifctlv  into  Ci.Ivds  l'aNsa.;v.  On  the  .m>:  !,|i.  ,.| 
tlic  j.oint  lilt'  trc.'s  I'oiiu'  down  lo  til.'  licacli,  wliicli  isv.-r.v  iiaifow,  aii.l  (•..vciv.!  at  In-!,  «;ii,.| 
TlitTo  is  v.'iy  hol.l  Walt  r  .lose  nn.l.r  Ih.-  p.iini,  and  tin'  .•niicnts  and  sln.nj;  .(l.licN  cNiM  ,,i„iim,i 
tlio  point  on  till'  tl.io.l. 

dill   //.iW».r.— On  til.'  west. 'Ill   si.lo  ol  'I'll.'    Nan'ows,  at  tlic  iioilli   <iiliaiii't'  aii.l  .lir.'.'iU  i,|,i,„ 

site  I'oinl   It.'liancf.  tli.iv  is  a  small   hoat  liaihoi   with  a  .Icjitli  ol'  l.'ii  iVct  nf  water  in  ll liimh,.,. 

ami  liv.'  latlioiiis  iiisid.'.  Tl.c  eiiliaii.'.'  is  vci  v  nar  nw.  an. I  is  mi.'  and  on.'  tlt'tli  niil.s  w.si  li\  ii,,iil, 
(\V.  i>y  N.)  t'lo'ii  Point  Kclianci'. 

The  soiilli.a-t  ptiiMi  ,,|  'ill,.  N;iiniws  is  l»a\  Island,  ami  tli.' south w.'st  point  is  I'osili.  I.  I'njiit, 
ii.'ail.N  al'iiMsl  .if  l>a>   Islaml.     Th.-y  ai.'i iiiili'  apart,  mat  Iv  cast  ami  west. 

/'ill/  IsIiiikI  .1)ii7«i/(/(/«.  — At  the  south  cnliamt'  to  Tli.'  Naiiii\vs,..ii  the  castci  n  si.lc.  |||,■'.■I^  , 

small,  naii.iw.  pii.i.'.'iiiiLr  p.np'  •:;iiii  tin- cast. 'i  ii  slion-,  which  foiinsa  lit!  1.' cove  .ir  iii.l.aii.i; ,,!, 

111.'  north  sill.'.  The  main  shore  itself  is  low  and  icc.'.l.'s  sli^htlv.  thus  addiii,:;  to  the  si/e  i|  ili,, 
littl.'co\e.  AMchoiai,'.' is  hail  in  tiftcn  fathoms  of  water,  lint  there  arc  sti.ni.u' swirliiij;  iim  ichn 
wliich  make  it  an  iiiieomfortalil.'  Iieiih.  On  the  south  side  of  this  little  peninsula,  a, 1. 1  oiii-kI,  th, 
kel|i.  aiieh.)ra.^'.'  may  also  li.>  had.  hiil  the  enrr.'iits  are  .^Iron.ir.  There  is  a  small  patch  ot  kcl|.,  uitl, 
bowldeis,  close  oil'  Day  Islaml. 

I'UGKT   SOUNIJ. 

This  miiiie  is  apiilic.I  in  its  oriijiiial  m.-aniiii,'  tor  the  sake  of  siilidividiiii;  these  walci>  I  ii  ■, 
The  Narrows  the.  chanii.'l  had  lie.'ii  liioad,  op.'ii,  and  marly  slrai^dil  v.  smil  h  of  The  Narnn  -  ii,i 
shore  liii.' ot'  the  sound  and  of  th.' islamls  in  it  aiiioiints  totwohnndr.il  an.l  ei;;lity  mih^.  uiili 
dee|i  water  allium:  almost  e\iMy  mil.'.  The  main  li.id\  .if  th.-  nil.  I  lies  tn  th.'  south  and  w.'si  w.inlu! 
The  Narrows,  and  the  ditl'.'lent  arms  or  inlets  stretch  throii'^li  t  wi'iit> -t  wi>  niih's  of  lal  itiiili-  .iii.i 
twciit.N  one  miles  of  loiijiitinle,  with  on.'  liranch  reachinjj  within  two  miles  of  the  li.'a.Iw.iiii  >.> 
I  lood's  ( 'anal.  The  ^.'iieial  w  idlh  of  the  main  .'haiinels  is  on.'  mil.',  and  the  dcplli  of  water  i--  mii): 
.'i.'iit  for  tlic  lai;;.st  \  .'ssels  t  liriiii;;liiiiil  ami  r.-achi's  .ui.'  Iiiindr.d  falhoiiis.  Thedaiiuei^  u  .1 
lli.'s.'  .'h. inn.  Is  ar.'  leu,  and  mily  twn  aie  in  the  nmin  elianiiels  and  rc.piir.'  maikiii;;, 

Th.'  na\iL;ali'in  is  \rt\  simiile  in  ;;ooi|  w.'ather.  Imt  in  thick  and  fo^;;;\  weathi'iit  ie.|Mirc>,i 
full  local  kiiiiw  I.iIl;.-  of  the  em  I  cuts  an.l  t  h.'  pi'.'iiliarilies  of  the  echo,  s  from  all  111.'  points  pi-Mii 
hy  till'  sle  Mil  liiiats.  With  a  know  l.'d^^e  ot'  th.'  tide  and  .111  reiils  t  lie  captains  and  pilots  mi  n 
f.);,';,'y  or  thick  sniok\  w.'atli.'i  li.\  eonrses  aid  I  im.' dislaiic.'s,  ami  when  appioacliiii;^  aii\  |i'iiii 
they  as.eiiaiii  Its  .lisianc  ami  li.aiiii;:  liy  the  echo  of  tli.'ir  sl.'am  w  hisile  signal  fmiii  the  >liiiii\ 
In  our  hi'.t  tup  fnnii  01\  mpia  tn  St.'ilacoum  and  iiorlhw  aril  in  a  \ cr.v  thick  I'oi;  t  he  steam  In'.  '  «.i- 
run  .it  lull  speed  of  ^;i\  .11  courses  ami  th.'  t  line  dislaii.es  tor  an  .stimat.'d  eonditi.ai  of  ll  ■  1; 
rents  ;  I  he  echo-  r'l'oin  th.'  el  ills  alw  ays  rc\  t'al.'d  ih.'ii'  prii\imil>  ami  direction.  No  luinnte  1  '  . 
diriil  ions  could  l>e  draw  n  up  to  tak.-  t  he  place  of  th.-  local  know  lei  1;;.>  and  experience  of  t  ic  1  '-. 
ami  jiciiei.d  .lireciions  are  only  snj,';,'i'sti\e  in  t;ood  w.'atliei-,  for  the  eliail  is  the  liest  tiiiidc. 

Theic  is  an  immense  1  urn  tier  lMisine8.s  .'arried  on  in  the  sound,  an.l  this,  w  itU  ae;ri.'nli  n'     > 
KtiK'k  raisiiij;,  li.i\e  Imil    up  maii\  towns  alonj;  Ilii-  sh.ires  and  in  the  adi.tc.'iit  coiiiiti'y.     'I'Im    I  cIi  i 
is  w.i.Mleil   to  the  edci' 1  f  the  elills,  «'\ee|it    where  cleared   for  aj^ii. '1111111.'.     On  th.'  shore- e'  !!■ 
.s.Hiiid  an-  the  t"W  ll-  iif  .sieilaeoom,  «>lynipia,  Tiimwat.'i.  .\ii  adia,  Oakl.ind,  ami  ..lli.'is. 

I'rom  the  hea.l  .>f  the  sound  at  Ol;  inpia  there  is  .liieet  laili.iad  commiinication  with  1       ' 
luinhia  Kiver.  oiil>  titty  mil.-  south,  and  tiie  In  ,cl  water-  nf  Oia  ,'s  I  l.irl'or  i.'.ti  h  within  a  t.  - 

Thise\lensi\i' iiil.'t  was  n, lined  l'ii;;e|"s  Soiinl  l>.\  V.imoiiver  in  .liiiie,  IT'.IJ,  111  compli  n 
l.ieilt.'liant  I'njjet  whoe\pl.inil  it.  .\  I  t  h.'  pH'seiit  t  ime  the  iiaiiii'  inclml.s  also  the  w  liol.  • 
iiiiraity  inlet. 

Hll',ll..\('0<iM. 

0.1   th.'  eastern  sli. ire  of    l'ii;;et  Sound,   nine  miles  si  ill  h    from    Point    I  >etiaiicc,  is  the  I 
.St«  ilaeooin,  sitiiate.l  npiui   .1   iisin-    MiitV.     The  ^;round   uses   to  one  hniidi.d  and  tift.N   feel, 
liatehedwith  trees;   liiliiiid  the  crest,  .ni    llieh'vel   land,  i.s  the  « )ret;on  pine,     'i'hci.'  is  ,1  w  h 
llif  Nli'.im  boat  laiidiii;,',  and  in  appruaeliin^;  111  thick  weather  tlieeelio  ol  the  vessel's  steam    ■ 
JH  \ery  jjood. 

VeK.seks  approaehiiiK   tlii.s  from  the   iiorthwanl    keep  aloiiK  iimli'r   lli.'  eastern  sli.u.' ;       '<• 
Hlm'a.sl  of  lliesouth  eiitraneet.i  The  Narrows  a  "aioa.l  pa.sNapiopfiis  to  the  w.-t,  wiliith.'  sou 

.1  the  west  shure  of  the  main  • 


em 


I  .1   lux  Island  loniiinu  the  soutii  .-horeof  t  ae  iiawsagi 


i'ai'II'k;  coast  I'li.oT. 


621 


.s,  iiiiil  is  a  lu'  III  vii 
.  (»n  the  (Ms!  111,.  i,|' 
ivcrtMl  M  lii-li  w;,|,,| 
;;■  cdtlics  cxi.si  .iiiiiiinl 

let-  :iii(l  ilimi  :■,  o|.|mi 
u  alcr  III  the  ilijh,.,. 

ill    lllllcs  Uc-,1    I  \    ll.illli 

nillt    is   I'dSilli  l>    I'liiiil, 

I. 

aslcili  side.  till''..  Is  ;i 

■<l\  r   (ir    illlil'lll.ltlnh  i,|| 

in;;'  to  IIk-  s\/r  .i  ilii> 
■nii;r  swirling  i'I'iiimii,> 
iisiila,  a. Ill  iiiiisjiii  t|„, 
all  jiatcii  <i|  k('||..  ujtli 


tlicsc  waters  I'li  in 
li  III'  'I'hr  Narinw  ■.  lin. 
ml  <'i;;lil.v  iiiili  -,  \m\\\ 
loiitli  anil  \M'>i  w  .in!  ui 

inili-s  III'  laliiiiilr  .Hill 

of  tin-  liraihN.iiri  >  .1 
h'ptli  III'  wain  Is  >iilli 
,  Till'  ilaiii;i'i>  ih  ill! 
iiiirkiii^', 

XM-atluT  il  iri|iiin's  ;i 
I  all  till-  jMiiiits  |>;ivM'i| 
iliis  ami  jiiliiis  I  nil  III 
|i|iiiiai'liiii;;  aii\  |Hiiiii 

lUM.ll    t'llllll   I  111'  ,-lnirv>, 

hl;  I  111'  sti'aiii  Ihi.i!  «,i> 

I  riillilitloll  III'  tl'i  (III- 
III.  Nl;  liiillllli'  .-  iilili;' 
.(HTii'iiri'  1)1'  I  111'  |.  lcpt.>, 
(III-  lii'st  );iiuli'. 

,  \>  Itll  il^jllrilllill'    .11  'I 

II  ciiUllllN.      Till     I  iliil 
<  Ml  till'  .slliili-  '■<   liii' 

anil  ulliiTs. 
iiii'atiuii  w  itll  1 ;      ' 
ill  w  illiiii  a  ll" 

T'.l-,    111   rii|ll|il  III' 

alxi  till'  w  hull  <       > 


H'llaiirr,  IS   till-  !• 
'll  ami  lift.N   I'll  1. 

'I'lll'll'  is  ,1  W  il. 

vcssi'Ts  .steam 

easti'iii  sli.iM' ;  ■  111'" 
I'st,  with  till'  suii  1-: 
i'  of  till'  iiiaiii  «•!.     nil 


into  tlio  soiiml.  Tliis  main  clianiii'l  is  lin-i'  almiit  srvoii ciglit  hs  uf  a  inili-  wiilc.  The  slinics  of  tlio 
main  limil  ami  of  (In-  islaml  are  Imlil,  lii-li,  ami  Dfiieail.v  iiiiiroriii  elevation,  ami  eoveieil  with  Iroca. 
One  mile  south  of  l''o\  Islaml  ami  mie  mile  oiniiceast  shore  lliiieisa  roiiMeenloot  slioal  mai'kiMi 
i.valiiioy;  lietweeli  it  ami  the  main  shore  l  here  is  tilly  fallioiiisor  water.  .\  vessel  keeps  llio 
,a,.lerii  shoreelo.si'  ahoanl.  ami  irimiiinl  lor  .Sieilaeoom  amliors  olV  the  town  in  liltecii  lalhoins  of 
ualerover  haril  liottom  alioiit  lour  hiimlieil  vanls  oil'  the  shore.  Tlie  eiirrent  ri|)  in  tin;  diaiiiu'l 
ilireiisl  of  the  town  is  l'rei|iieiitly  siiflicieiit.  with  a  lillle  wiiiil,  to  swaiii|ia  small  boat. 

Onthis  tottii  Ironi  (Million  Point  to  ahleasl 'I'oliva  Shoal  there  is  a   siiaee  of  oiieliffh  to  two- 

iilthsof  a  mile  between  the  twenty  f.itliom  anil  the  inner  I  liree  t'atlioiii  eiirve,  with  liott of  siiiid 

.mil  .saiiil  ami  shells.     Oil'  the  muiilli  of  Sieilaenom  i;i\ii   the  lliri'el'.ill i  iiirve  extends  out  four 

liiimlreil  yaiils. 

Tidisal  .S7c//(;ei»'.//(.— 'I'he  Coireeteil  INlalilishnieiit,  or  mean  iiilerval  lietweeii  the  liiiu- of  tlio 
iiiooirslraiisil  anil  the  liiiieofhi-ii  water,  is  Wll  II-.  'I'lie  mean  rise  ami  fall  of  tides  is  iiiiio 
.iiid  two  tenths  feel,  of  s|iriii--  tides,  ten  and  niiie-leiiths  I'eel,  and  n.'  nea|i  tides,  seven  ami  live- 
tenths  feel.  The  mean  ilnratiiin  of  the  HoimI  is  (1'  7".  of  IheeMi,  (V  l.s",  and  of  the  stand  l.'.S"'. 
I'lie  dilVerelieeliel  ween  the  ri.se  of  the  lii-hesl  tide  and  the  fall  of  1  he  lowest  tide  observed  was 
I  lull  teen  and  tlilee  tenths  feet.  The  greatest  ditl'i'relii'e  observed  between  llielieii;lit  of  the  two  low 
ualersof  one  day  was  twelve  and  two  teiillis  feet,  and  the  j;  re.it  est  ditlereiiee  between  the  hi{;lier 
infill  and  the  lower  low  waters  of  a  day  was  seven  and  ses  en  tent  lis,  The  tides  of  the  saiiio  diiy  are 
•ueiieially  iineiiual  in  |iro|ioi'lioii  to  the  iiioon's  deelinatioii. 

The  lime  and  hei;;ht  of  e\ery  tide  thniiiulioai  the  >  e.ii  eaii  be  oliiaiiied  li\  eonsultiujj;  the  Tide 
T.ililesof  the  I'aeilie  Coast,  |niblislii'd  annii.ill.v  1),\  tin-  f,  S.  ( 'oast  and  deodetii-  Survey. 

Till'  extreme  ian;:e  of  tides  observed  lieie  dm  in;;  llie  siir\  i  y  was  eiuliteen  leet  and  onetoiitli. 

The  SleiUiiimm  1,'lrir  is  a  small  stieam  (iii|ityiii^' into  the  soiiml  one  mile  noitli  of  the  town, 
Imt  it  is  now  loeally  known  as  Chimbers  Creek.  On  the  .■\diiiiriilty  ehart  of  bSKJ  it  is  called  tlio 
Chmlley  K'iver,  and  the  aneliora;;r  in  tin-  Irniil  ol' il   Ibatli  \)a\. 

Fori  SIrlldctiDiii  is  an  old  military  post  w  hieli  w  as  loeated  on  a  small  f,'ra\  elly  [irairio  iiboutone 
mile  northeast  by  east  fiiuii  the  town,  w  il  li  a  mad  leadin;;' to  ilie  t-)wii  ami  another  to  the.  river. 
It  has  been  abandoned  as  a  mililai.v   jmst,  .mm!  is  imu   used  .is  the  .\sylmii  fur  the  Insiiue. 

There  is  reeiilar  steam  boat  eiiiinei'tion  .\  lili  all  the  Sniiinl  |nirts,  and  also  li'le;;raiilii(',('oinmuiii- 
lation. 

The  eoiintry  aroiind  St.  ih  eooiii  ami  Nisi|iiall,\  is  only  moderaleiy  adapted  to  a}rricultui'e,  ex- 
(•('lit  alon;;  the  Milleys  of  il.e  small  streams.  I'lir  forest  woods  are  oak  and  spruce.  The  mean 
animal  rainfall  at  frnt  Steilacooiii,  latitude  17  (i7  ,  .iiid  iliiee  Imndied  feet  above  the  waters 
of  the  sound,  was  titty  live  and  live  tenths  imliis  fiom  ls|lt  to  1,S."m.  In  winter  the  rainfall  was 
twenty-four  and  six  tenths  inelies,  ii,  spiiie;  ileveii  and  two  tenths,  in  sniiiiiii'r  three  and  eijjlit 
liiiths,  and  in  ailtnmn  lil'leen  and  ei;.'lit  leiilhs.  'I'lie  mean  ti'iiipeiaHire  of  the  year  from  four 
vears' observations  was  , "id  .7  l-'ahreiiheii  :  in  winter  il  was  .'i'.l  .0,  in  spriiii;  lit  .(»,  in  slimmer  (i.'P.3, 
and  in  autumn  .">'_'   .-. 

'I'he  pronnnciation  of  the  iiaiiie  Sieilaeoom  as  iziveii  to  lis  b\  the  I  mil, ins  is  Tchir-iecum.  On 
the  .\ilniiralty  chart  for  Isl7  it  is  ealled  Chelakonm. 

l''ii\    ISIVNl).* 

The  .soutlieast  end  of  the  ishiml  lies  a  mile  and  a  half  south  of  The  Narrows  and  readies 
vvithin  .seveti  eij;litlis  of  a  mile  the  main  shore  mi  the  east,  ll  is  tour  and  onethird  miles  Ion},' 
iioithwest  bs  west  and  , southeast  b\  e.isi.  w  iih  an  aM'ia.i;i' w  idtli  of  one  u.ile.  'fhe  passaj:e  between 
It  and  the  main  land  to  the  north  is  over  a  mile  w  ideal  the  i.istern  entrance  abreast  of  Day  Island, 
and  halt  .i  mile  w  iile  .it  the  western  parLwIieie  it  is  known  as  lliih's  /'(i.s.s'rtj/c.  There  is  deep 
water  and  no  known  dan-ers  thion-h  the  wheieof  this  pas,sai;e.  Tlie  northeasternmost  ]ioint  of 
ihe  island  isabii-ht  \ellow  clitl,  esiimated  M  lie  .seveiitv  feet  hi.uli.  and  covered  with  Orcj;oii 
I    lie  to  the  eilj^e. 

Hale's  Passaj^e  was  nanieil  b>  the  riiiiei!  Stales  I'.xiiliifliiu  I'Apcililinn  in  ISIt,  Imt    lie  same, 

II. line  was  ;;iveii  to  the  |iassai;i the  east    si,|e  ol    l.niiiiiii    Island  in  Washington   Sound.     The 

channel  between  Pox  Island  and  McNeil  Isl.nid.  leadiiiL;  iioilhwesl  to  Carr  liiht,  is  ealled  nruco 
<'liaiiiielon  (he  Admiralt v  cliait  in  ISjC. 


•  K'l.sioi.i  ImI:iii.1.  AilfMii:ill\  .  iKiri.  N"    I'-"*    "I'  '■'•'' 


.^m  t 


it 


W'  '  I 


fi22 


I'ACIl'IC    COASI'    IMI.OT. 


W'hollorhit  /?rti/.— Tliis  is  ;i  mo.lrr;itcl\  \\  j.lc  l).is  .i|i|.|iii»K  iiito   llic  mirlli  sid."  nf  II;, l|,      i,,. 

!*:\jH\  opposit,.  til.'  iiiiilillc  of  til."  noilli  .sIk.iv  of  l'.i\  Man.!,  itii.l  oi nl.'  west  nf  j'tiiiit  r..v,:  ,  K,,,, 

111.'  s.ilitli  .•lili;iiii'«'  Ii>    riif  Nanows.      I'li,.  ,„]] |ial.>  sln.i.'s  ,,\    tins  l.,i_v  ilic  low,  lisiiiM  ,,,     ,„„|,,,| 

lii-li  laiiil.  It  «'jirrifS(l.-o|.  wal.r  for  one  an. I  a  half  mil. -s.  vxlu'ii  .•i;;lii  latlioiiis  isfoiin.l  ;  ||„  n,,,,,. 
failioiiiciir\.'  is  ncv.'f  inon-  than  ls\o  liiin.li.'.l  vanls  from  Hi.,  shores.  V\,y  iIii.m.  f.mi  lll^  oi  ,  imi,, 
lilt'  hav  runs  to  th.'  iiorihwanl  an. I  linn  .iirvcs  -ia.liiall>  to  tlit>  iiortliwt'st  h\,  west  ^^\V.  I.,  \\ . , 
ami  tlitit'foi.'  it  alVor.ls  a  ;ioo.l  slu'ltcr*-.!  an.'liora''f. 


(  'f- 


«    I*  . 


&B  '{  if 


llplr 


Tlil,l\  \    SIDAI,. 

This  (lanu'.'r  li.-s  dirccllv  in  th.'  liiif  of  ih.>  soiiihfrii  .  iitranc.-  to  'riK.  Narrows,  it  i^  ,  ■ 
from  (mIisoii  I'oint  at  tin-  s.iiith.'a>l  part  ..f  I'.ix  l«laml.  .m.'  mil.'  from  tli.'  .aslcrii  main  sin. 
oii<>  an. I  a  half  mil. 's  liom  Hicilacxim. 

\Cssfls  li.iiiml  n|.  th.' soiin.I  t.i  Sicilaf.t.mi,  or  dii.M'l  to  or   ficiiii  <H\  iiipia  l>.v  I'.al.'h's  1' ,  -i-,, 

niii.sf    U'warc  of  this  .sli.>al.     Th.' cvti'iit  within  Ih.'   I  lii-f  lalhoin  .MirN.'  is  alMnu   .mi'  I Ii.m.umI 

liflv  yanls.  ami  llii'ic  ar.'  two  .>potson  it,  si\t.\  s.inls  aj.ai  i  in  1  in.'  to  th.'  p.iini  of  Ton  Ul.iml.  ulml, 

li.n.' t.milf.'n  t.cl  of  w  al.r  upon  them.     (» f  ihcs.' shoal  palcli.'s  is  si\t\  yards  in  I'M.'iii  lutl,, 

thri'i' fathom  limit,  riic  liotloiiion  the  shoal  aii.l  ar.)iiiiii  it  is  foul  ami  is  niaik.'d  l>y  a  p.ii.lin; 
k.'lp.  nnisjdcoi  it  III.'  wal.'r  IS  \  crv  .l.'.'p,  the  I  \'  .'111  V  f.ilh.iiii  .iirNC  comiii;;  .dos.-  up  to  and  ai"i  iiijii 
I'lciin  Ihf  w.-I  >idi' ol  til.'  slio.il  Ihi^  I  wi'iil\  I'athoin  .iirx.'  r.'a.di.'S  n.'arl,\  to  Toint  <  i  ili--ori  i.!(  1  ..\ 
Ulan. I.  'I'll.'  II  in.' Ill  lip  upon  th.-  shoal  is  \ir.\  ;;iim(,  and  w  iih  a  lit  tit-  wind  it  lais.'s  a  coiiIiimiI. 
shiiil  sw.'ll  siiiliri.iit  t.t  sw.iiiip  .1  small  lio.it. 

Till",  .l.iiij;.'!-  IS  now  m.iiKcd  hy  a  siiniiilclitns  nun  Ininii,  jiiiiiili  il  icitli  linri-.inildl  niloid  './ii. ' 
styijiis.  Il  i>  pla.-.'.l  in  twtnly  -.cs  .n  I..I  .if  w  .ii.'i  In  t  hi' .cnt.-r  of  t  li.'  shoal,  ami  ma\  he  p.issnl 
on  i-itiifr  hand  lis   ^'ixili;,'  il  a  ;;o.iil  li.'ilh.      Il  is  hwaU'il  by  th.-  IoIIowiiil;  li<'arin|;s  and  .listanr.'^: 

N.irlli.a>.l  '.hI.'  r..\  NIaiKl N.  1  i;.         Ij  mmI.>. 

N.irtli  ^ill.'  Ml  Niil  l<l;iii.l \V.  J  N.         ;:s  nnlrs, 

Kai-I  -iilr  Kit  I  111!  I-I;iihI,  ih.ii  SIi  ilnixitii S.   t  I'..         Il     iiiili  i. 

This  d.in;;.'!' was  naiiii'il  llic  S.'aili.iio  Shoal  on  the  .\.lmiialt>  .hart.  No.  I'.HT,  in  I^IH.  h  i.i- 
foriiK'rh  .alh-d  S.aili.iroii^h  Shoal. 


ma       ' 


M   I 


M   .NKII.    ISLAM). 

This  lar;;(>  islaii.I  lies  west  iiortliwcst  fnnii  Sti'ila.-o.tiii,  distant  tw.ian.l  liv('.'i^;lillis  mili-.  »:r, 
depths  i.'a.'hin^'  on.'  hnmhr.l  fal  homs  in  thi'  lnoad  tdiaiiiii'l  lit'tw.'.-n  them,  and  w  il  li  .licp  .ii> . 
and  no  Known  daii;;)'rs  mi.l.'i  th.-  sh.n.'s.  The  islaml  is  alioiil  three  miles  in  its  lon;;er  .liannli:. 
West  s.inihw.'st  an.)  east  northeast,  and  tw.iaml  a  i|ii.irl.'r  miles  noitli  an. 1  south.  Il.t\<i  en  is 
n.irth  sid.-  and  the  s.mtli  siile  iil'  l''.i\  Islaml  there  i>  a  .liannel  one  and  a  half  miles  wl.h',  iiniiiiii. 
norlhwesl  hy  west  (NNV.  hy  \V.)  for  some  miles  into  ( 'air  Inlet.  I'lelweeii  the  south  sid.' "I  ili 
isl.iml  ami  th.-  n.irth  si.le  of  .\iideis.iii  I-lan.l  llieie  is  a  eoiiiparalively  narrow  elianml,  kiinv  h  ,i- 
iSal.h's  l';issa;;.'.  McNeil  Islaml  is  |ii;;li  ami  woo.l.'.l.  willi  liij.'li,  liliilf  shores,  liroK.n  al  il..  .  i 
end  ;   an. I  on  the  .southeast  si. I.'  t.iw.trds  Sl.'il.ie.iom  tlier.'  is  loeali  1  Ihe  T.'iiilorial  penilcnii  ii\. 

This  islaml  i-,  .all-.l  l»iint/.'  Isl.in.l  .m  th.'  .\diiiiiall\  .hart  id' l.Slli,  ami  the  eastern  eMo  in. n 
is  named  l>yke  Toinl,  and  on  the  present  .  hails  llyd.'  roiiit. 


MiM 


*  '.y 


AMiKliS'iN    ISl.AMi. 

This  is  aiiolher   lai;.'.-  isl.iml    l\iii;:iii    th.' >oiin.!  w.'st  s,,iitliwest  from  Sleilaeoom.     TIm    '-■■■■ 
si.l.'  lies  .ipposili-  MeN.il   Islaml,  with  lial.h's  I'assa-i- 1..I  we.'ii  111. 'in.      It    is  iiio.leral.'i.N  In.      i 
wiio.led.  w  iih  .hep  water  aroiin.l  the  shores,  ami  no  know  n  dan;;. 'is.      Il  is  a  little  <)\ei  llin  ■    '    '~ 
from  St.'ilafo.im.  ami  is  lour  niil.s  loiij.'.  north  noiihwisi  and  south  southeast,  ami  ahoiil  t  '• 
a  half  miles   l.ioa.i.     The   s.inthern  .'ml    reaeli.sw.il    downinlo   Hit'  broad  .soiiIImmii   pait 
soiiii.l  opp.isiie  the  mouth  'if  Ihe  Nis.pially   lliv.'i.  oiil\   Ihi..'  loiiiths  of  a  mile  from  tiie  N: 
1-lals.     Th-ieare  ;,'o.m1  passa;,'es  all  aroiin.l  Hi.'  islaml,  with  III.-  l.roa.lest  towards  Nis.|iial!v       i- 
111^'   Ihi-  Nis.pially  liea.h.  ami    th.'  narrowest    lowai.ls  M.N.il    Isl.in.l.  this  laller   f.'iiinii;;    l.'l' 
I'assau.'. 

In  roiimlint;  Tiiikii  l'..iiil,  the  .soulli    p.. ml  ol    Amleisoii  Islaml,  L'ive  it  a   K'><>«1  '»'•"'•  '  ■    "'" 
foul  liottoin  exists  here. 

In  III.-  southeast  si. I.'  of  .\ii.lerson  Island  lli.l.-  is  a  .leep  iinlelilalioli  .if  line.-  loiirlhsol      :  i  ■• 


III:*  ^ 


% 


b^A^  ^  ^ 


siili'  of   \\a\U       I'.i,. 

1(1'  roiiii  I'tis.i .  K,  .11 

iw,  I  islli;;'  to    >  .M,i|,.,| 

in  Inllliil  :    till    Ihi'i'i' 

let'  liHll  tlis  ii'    ,  Mill,. 

west  ^N\V.  1.,   U.. 


rows.        Il    j-i  n'  .     Illllc 
.Icl'll    IlliUII  sill. II  .  .Illll 

I.V  I'.alrirs  I',  -i-r, 
mil  niir  IiiiihIi.  li  .iinl 
of  \'n\    IsImMiI.  .\  liirli 

linl.S    III    (■\lllll    In  ill,. 

lillUfd    Ip.V  :\    jMli  li  III 
si>  ll|i  to  iiliil  .ili'iilnlit. 

Tojllt    (  iillMHI    oil    I  il\ 

il    raises  a  c  .nhiMil. 

iliiiilill    11(1  iiifl   I'ldil. 
I,  anil  iiias   ln'   iii--miI 
liiijis  mill  ilistaiii'i  ^: 
I  j  iiiil,'«. 

;i     mil.-.. 

1!M7,  III  IMii.     Il  ".I- 


v»'-t'ii;litlis  mill-,  \mi1i 

,  illlll    W  illl   lllip   '■  .III! 

II  its  loli;,'i'r  (liiiini'liT. 
I  .SDiitli.  r.rtVM<-ii  i;< 
If  miles  wiilr.  luiiiiMi: 

till-  SOIllll   .Mill'  I'l     III'' 

iw  i-liaiini'l,  Kiii'^Mi  .1^ 
s.  liroUcli  at    111'  1.I-' 
litoiial  iii'iiili'iiti.ii\. 
till'  fiist»'rin'.vti'iu:lj 


ti'ilarooiii.  'Ill''  '  ''"■ 
s  iiii)ili'rali'l.\  lii::li  .i'"' 
liltli'  oMT  iliri'  ;"i'''- 
<t.  anil  aliiiiil  '  -'•■  '-  " 
soiitlii'iii  |iaii 
nil'  rii'iii  till'  N!  '  ' 
«  arils  NiM|iial!v  ;i.in 
altiT   I'oiinni;;    !■.■  'I" 

a   pioil  lii'illi.  1"    '"" 

liner  r<ilirllisnt        '   '■ 


I'ACiriC    CilASI     I'll. (IT. 


628 


ami  MPiirly  one  mile  Willi'   l.elweei jinmi,  of  ,  in, ,,„....     The   line  nf  snlin.liii-s  acioss  llie  e,i. 

"■'•' ''*  t"''"'.V  live  rallioiii>.  «illi   f.,„Ml  water  rio.se  to  eitluT   |ioiMt,  1 leeper  iiniler  the  ,si,i,||, 

|,oiiil.     TliffivelaihoMi  Illl,.  ivaelies  neailv  lialfamile  into  the  l.a\,  «iih  iiiinl.lv  liotlom. 

Tho  iioiiits  ofeiiliaiiee  lie  iioith  li,\  east  ami  .south  l.v  west  Imin  ,.^1,  h  other. 

On  til..  Coast  Snrve.N  eharl  il  is  eaileil  On,  |la,\ .  <>ll  the  .\iiiniialt.v  ehail,  I.S|(i.  Ji  is  ealled 
l.'e.lil  r.a.v.  The  total  .ilipseor  the  .sun  was  oli.serveil  on  the  s,,ii|h  shore  of  tliishav  l.v  llie  Mii-li.sl, 
r\|ii'ililiiiii,  -Inly  l.s,  |.S(i((. 

This  islaml  is  ealleil  Kis-ur,l  [.sLiml  on  the  same  .\,||iiirall\  eiiait.aml  ll.ileh's  l'a.ssaj;e  i.s 
iiaineil  llii'  IJ.vdei'  (Mianiiel. 

Ki;ri,'i).\  isi.wii. 

Tins  is  ;i  narrow  islaml  one  ami  onelonrlli  miles  hmy;,  lyin-  parallel  with  the  main  shore,  n 
Hill,  soiitli  oC  Steilaeoom,  willi  a  half  mile  «iile  |.assa^'e  on  the  east  siile,  ealleil  the  « 'ormoiaiit 
Pass,  eariyiiiK  tweiit\  ti\e  lalhoms  ,,t  u,ii,.r  o\,.r  mmlily  liotlom,  ami  the  soiiml  on  the  west  side, 
one  and  a  half  miles  wide,  lovvards  Amiiis,,,!  Maud.     This  main  passa;:e  lias  seventy-live  I'athoiii.s 

.it  water  over  line  jjray  .sand  and   nind.     The  Island   is  iVom  si\iy  to  ,>m.  Ji lied  feet  hi.uli,  with 

Ii.,.|i  sides,  iiml  is  eovered  with  tall  (>ie^,)n  iiiiie. 

OIV  the  soiilh  end  of  the  island  the  three  fallioin  einve  leaeliis  out  one  Inindied  and  tilty 
y.iids;  olVllie  north  end  of  the  island  I  here  is  1;,  Ip  for  one  loiiitli  of  a  mile,  lint  the  I  Inee  hilhoni 
riirve  is  only  two  Inimlred  yards  from  Hie  poini.  Tliere  Is  a  narrow  l),.aeli  arniilid  the  islaml  at 
low  water. 

On  the  older  .\iliiiirall\  eharl  of  I  sHI  tins  island  uas, -ailed  Klltson  Island,  and  on  the  earlier 
t'liast  Siirxey  eharl  Kiison. 

MS'.ir  AI.I.V. 

This  jilace  is  live  miles  south  of  Steilaeoom,  on  the  same  side  of  the  .soiiml.  It  is  at  the  moiitli 
111  a  small  sireaiii,  and  at  llie  eastern  edLie  o|'  the  eMeiislve  liisKIp  I'.aiiK.  or  Nlsi|iially  I'lals.  It 
u  as  one  of  the  early  posts  of  the  ilinlsnn  \',a\  ( 'oiiip.iii\ ,  lull  Is  now  a  |ilace  of  little  import  a  lice  or 
trade.  The  old  \lsipiall.\  foil  wa.s  on  ih,.  Nisi|iially  plains,  on  the  stream  alioiit  one  and  tliree- 
iii;hths  miles  iiearls  east  from  the  month. 

\lsiiua]hi  l.nnilinij. — Il  is  one  nnlr  nmih  of  ihe  niniiih  ofihe  NIsipially  li'iver,  wheietle'  Sig- 
nalllehew  Creek  empties.  There  is  one  small  saw  inlll  on  the  eieek.  This  eieek  is  the  natural 
outlet  of  the  eliaili  of  lakes  on  the  piaiius;  one  ot'  these  lakes  (Ainerieaii  lake)  issexeral  miles 
Ion;,'. 

Tin;    INSKIl'    tiV.NK,    ni;    MS'.HAI.l.V    1-T.ATS. 

These  extensive  tiats  lie  In  I  he  liroad  soiiilierii  bend  of  the  sound  south  of  .Vnder.soii  Islaml. 
They  are  three  ami  a  half  miles  in  i-\leiit  wesi  soiilhuesl  and  east  ii oil hea.-t,  and  alioiit  three- 
I'oiirlhs  of  a  mile  w  ide.  Tlie.\  lie  olf  i  he  I'l  n.id,  Inu  ,  m,irsli\  \  alle.v .  Ihion^h  wlin-h  the  Nisinially 
li'iM'i' and  its  ramiliealioiis  i,.,iili  the  soiiinl.  'I'luir  is  \..|\  ihep  water  aloii;:'  Ihe  noil  hern  ed,!.;t' 
of  ihe  Hals,  liul  espeeiall.s  towards  the  e.islei  n  limll.  The  i'd,i;e  ol  the  hank  is  so  steep  t  hat  when 
llie  riilteil  State.s  steatiier  I'tiistimld  was  ashoie  Iheie  hn  liow  was  In  nine  feel  of  water  ami 
Illl  stern  in  ten  fatlioms. 

At  tlui  wcHterii  limit  the  I  wenl,\ -f-illiom  line  is  at  leasl  half  a  mile  oil' shore,  with  ^;ooil  water 
well  III  to  the  shore.  The  liaiik  rniiMli.N  at  lou  wiifr,  and  at  all  limes  ;:real  nnmliers  of  smi,i;s  and 
1 1  links  of  trees  are  seen  upon  It.     Ii  w  ,is  i nil  In --kip  on  the  Adiniiall.v  eharl  in  l.Sll!. 

r.el\u.eii  the  NIsipiall.N  I'lals  and  llie  soul  li  mil  of  Ainhison  Island  llie  passa<;e  is  known  as 
Ihe  M.iiiinilhi  Hctih.  It  Is  one  mile  wide,  with  a  ileplh  of  I'm  I  \  two  I'alhoiiis  one-lom  I  h  of  a  mile  oil" 
Ihe  eil-e  of  the  hank,  where  tell  fathoiiis  Is  fmiiiil.  Thesoiilli  end  of  Anderson  Island,  opposite  the 
i'lnk,  IS  ealleil  Turku  roiiil,or  l.yle  I'miii  ;  ii  Ion-.  roiin,|iii^.  nniileialely  low  polni  with  lives  eoni 
iiii;-  down  tothe  hl.nh  water  iiiaik.  Theiv  is  a  deplli  of  ten  failioiiis  of  water  for  two  hnndred  and 
lilt.v  yards  to  thesmith  smiiheasi  oflhe  pmiii  :  and  under  the  west  side  there  Is  a  sll-lit  iiideiitatioii, 
eilled  Thomjixun  (\,i;\*  with  aiirhor,i-e  iii  live  ami  si\  lalhoms  of  water.  Olf  Turku  Point  there  are 
-stioii);  eiirrent  ri[i.s  on  Ihe  lloiiil. 


•  Miijili.-li  All :ill\   '■li.irt  I'l'  Hll''. 


mi'i'i 


!  I 


«•• 


■m 


'iH' 


hl''pi  :*     ' 


ym\y 


\i 


Hf^iii 


Wl 


t  i 

I 


n2t 


PAnVIC    COAST    ni,t)T. 


i<\.\  MIMA. 


It  woiilil  lie  almost  iiscl(»;s  ti>  atliMiipl  t.i  iIi'mtIIii'  ilir  rimic  liotwccii  Olvinpia .'viiil  Si. ;  ,,,„,||| 

ln'caiiM-  a  pili't  or  a  rliarl  i>  al»ii|iiirl\  ncrcssai  v  in  niaUiii;:  ilic  passay:!'.     'I'lii'  iiml  cliaiu ii>,. 

Irom  wliail  In  vnIi.iiI  in  I\miiI\  niir  miles  ni  l(ii^Mli,a?iil  tlir  wnlih  til  tlir  pa8sa;;c  Iniiii  liall  .1  ,  il|.  i,, 
a  nil  If  ami  a  liall'.  In  Hiir,  clear  wi'alliei  a  ^Iiaii^'er  wmilil  .see  iinlliin);  Init  laml  eldsc  aioiiml  Ihim  ,|s  h 
lie  wite  in  an  iire;:iil,irls  shaped  laUe  willi  ami-*  le.iiiini,' in  e\ei\  direelion.  In  fnaay,  we.iiliii,  ,,1 
in  tlie  (letiN,.  .siMi«|,\  \\e:itlier  in  a  (|l\  MIMIimT,  it  is  iillpiissilile  Id  see  a  .ship's  len^tll  aiie,|.|.  Mill, 
irn'j:ular  ellTellls  tn  Milil  In  IIh' tlllliillllles.  'I'lieeliail  Is  I  jiell  al  mi»I  Useh'ss,  ami  a  I  Im.I  nil  l.lcii.il 
kiKiw  leiliie  (i|e\  el  \  mark  on  I  lie  lieaelies,  a  In  I  of  I  lie  peenliaiit  les  of  t  lie  t'elio  of  llie  sleaiil  '  liislli 
11(1111  »'\eiv  cMV  ami  point,  sue  iiecess;iis  toeiialile  llie  pilot  to  make  his  nips,  Sleaiii  Im.iu  and 
tows  ilo  not     I, ike    the    liroailer   <  h.llinel    I'lom    StellaeoiPin    lielueell     Ketloll    ami    AmlelSMii    I    l.iiiiK 

tliron^'h  the  Nisiplallv   Iteaeh,  lint    the  lilst  use  is  west   tint  e  i|iiailtis  south  tlili)li;;li  H'll,  li\  I'.h 

.%(!;/».*  between  MeNeil  Islaml  oiilhemiitli  ami  A  iiilei  son  Islaiitl  on  the  south.  The  eiiti  unc  in 
this  passa;;!'  is  iieailv  three  miles  litnii  Steilaeooiii,  ami  the  passap'  itself  I  wo  miles  hm;,'  wuA  Iml; 
ii  mile  \\  iile  tor  tli*<  iiiiiltlle  ]iart  of  the  p;iss.  'I'liere  is  plenty  ()f\\aler  in  this  passa^re,  ami  tin 
slmn  s  ai'e  steep- to.  .Mitlw  a\  in  the  pass  is  a  small  meks  islet,  known  as  F.tujlf  hliuul  ;  il  is  1  e  iiii 
the  Miiil  h  sin  II  I',  Imt  tlieie  is  ^1  ml  water  on  either  sale  ol'  il.  'I'lie  islet  is  tiiily  ( wii  liiiiitlii  <|  aiii' 
«-i;;lity  ,\  arils  loii;:,  noil  h  ami  soiitli,  ami  one  h  11  ml  ret  I  \  anls  w  nle.  1 1  is  nhoiii  ten  l'ei>t  ahoM  |ii'.:li 
water,  ami  eo\  eieil  w  illi  Oit:;:on  pine  se\t'nl\  leel  liiL:ll.  The  three  t'al  honi  em  \  e  is  one  liiiiiilnl 
van  Is  nil'  I  he  e. 1st  er  II  siile,  w  here  kel  p  is  foil  ml  out  to  foil  i  ami  ti\  f  tathoiiis.  The  l'',a;;le  Islainl  sii,i,i 
within  the  tlllee  talhoiii  line  ex  t  em  Is  one  til  III  of  a  mile  to  I  lie  lioilli  Ui'sl  parallel  to  the  slioivnl  till 
|>il.s,sa;:e.  It  is  mark  I'll  liy  plenty  of  kelp.  .\  ileptli  tif  ti\  e  to  si  \  fathoms  can  he  eai  mil  I  liimi;;! 
the  Sonthei  11  t  li, mini  lilt  w  fell  l'..i;;le  Isl.imlaiiil  .Ninleisnii  Islaml,  kei'iiin;;  i.illier  eloser  In  tin 
l.itter.  nil  I  I  Ins  ehaiiliel  is  prefeileil  li\  the  I  iru'er  steam  lioat  s.  Iieeanse  a  I  ni;.'lil  anil  ill  tliiek  w  I  .It  III ! 
I':e\  c.in  keep  the  fourses  aiiil  ilisi, Hires  w  hull  tlii\  run  in  elear  weather  mmli  lieiier.  I'eii  liilnm,- 
«Mli  lie  e.iiiieil  lhriiil;:li  I  he  liolthei  M  a  III  I  w  nler  ehaiiliel  lietweeli  Jl.i^^le  Islaml  ami  Mr  Neil  NLui^ 
li\    kee|iiliu'  1. It  her  eliise  In  l!ie  shore  IHIiler  the  kit  lei  , 

The  .Vmlerson  Isl.iml  shme  alniMst  ll.c^Ie  Islaml  retreats  a  little  to  the  sniithwanl  ami  leim- 
a  small  I  ove,  where  tliele  is  a  ele.ireil  space  of  al'oiil  ten  acres.  \v  it  h  some  iiMpailiteil  small  limisi-, 
ami  nmler  the  low  >;rassy  MntV  theie  is  a  slion  wn.ul  wliait.  Il  is  sanl  In  he  a  ;:(mii1  pin.  1,1 
steam  luiats  to  wooil  n|i. 

Tlu'  sontlu'rii  imini  mi  .McNeil  Isl.iml.  a  In  ml  I  he  mnlille  ami  mi  I  he  nnrlli  si  tie  ni  I'.ali  li  -  I'.i- 
SJljI"'.  i'*  clearetl ;  the  trrassN  liliilV  lises  liehiml  the  slim  f  in  mie  Inimlnil  feel .  In  the  eti-e  nt  lln  tiii- 
Tlnie  is  a  lartje  lllipainleil  limise  in  the  cleat  iii;j.  ami  jiist  west  nt  this  poinl  is  a  lai  ui  1  n.i  • 
Istwltlci   chise  limlcr  the  sholi'. 

In  makilij;  iLihli's  Passaic  tmiii    1  he  east  w, nil   in  clear  weather  a  l,ii-e  Iniililni;;  willi    1  .Or'. 

fence   IS  seen  on  the  southeast  taee  ot    McNeil  Islaml,  iimlei   llie  I'.asleiii  rmiil  ami  .il I  <"■>■  i'  ■■ 

mile  mil  till  .1st  of  the  11.11 1  IMS  pall  of  the  p,issa;;e. 

There  is  lii;;li  l.nnl  on  1  iiher  snle  nf  .1  Inw.  shallnw  l,i.:ooi il  swamjiy  lainl,  ami  mi  the  nei; 

hiile  <i{  this  l.i;^i>nn  IS  the  ahnve  l>iiilillliy.  which  is  the  I'l  nil<  nluiri/  nf  the  Teriilnr>. 

The  ell  If  In  I  he  siinl  II  w  est  of  this  InW    1, 11:0011  is  niotleralel.N    low   ami  liriKht,  ami   lot   a  sin  ill  ili- 
lance  In  'he  e.istw.ml  tliele  is  a  liiuher  iisiii;^  lirit:lil  clilf  Inr  two  hnmlretl  or  three  hnmln  <l       i  ' 
when   it    lieemnes  laceil  wiih  tuts.     The  liii^hest  pait  of  the  islaml  is  appareiill\  al  llie  in    iln.. 
part  oflhis  MnlV.  ami  it  is  est  im.iteil  to  lie  one  hnmlieil  ami  fifty  feel  alHi\f  the  water,  ami  1  .r-\ii. 
w  itli  III  es  i\er  se\ fill \  In  e  feel  h i;;li,  slamliii;;  ajiai  t . 

Ilnlrli's  /'ilv.>-(;/<-  l.l;ll,l .— .\  jii  i.l  llllitr  liilhl,  lells  lanlelll.  has  liccll  slispeliileil  tloiii  ,ili  ai  ,.  ■  '■ 
white  |iosl.  The  li-hl  isaholll  twelilx  |j\  e  feet  al)o\  e  I  he  sea  le\  el.  llie  post  is  I  w  eh  e  li  1  '  .:- 
ami  liM'aleil  on  the  smiili  side  ot   the  island. 

The  llirhl   wascstalilisiied  on  the  limlh   side  nf  the  island    Iteeeiiiher.  Iss;.  and    mii\e.l 
Hoiitll  side  nf  the  isl.ind  .March   1.  \>'^'.K 

After  passin;,'  llnmi-h  iJ.ilch's  P,issa-e  there  is  a  narmw  cliamd.  called  I'ltl  I'assa-e.m.. 

tif  a  mile  wide he  west  si.l.>  of  McNeil  Island,  to  the  nor' Il  ward;   a  l.ay.  naine.l  Titiisi  i;.i>..' 

mile  deep,  Willi  an  1  iilranee  in  arly  li, df  a  mile  wide,  wiih  -mid  walei,  .liieeil.s  ahead  :  ami  :"l- 

smith  npeiis  the  lirnad   Itr.ii/loi,  /V.vvK./r and  mie  half  miles  wide,  decrtMsin-  In  line  nil-  "  • 

ill  a  iiiih'  am!  a  half,  ami  then  npeiiin;;  iiitn  the  innadei   waters  of  the  .smiiid. 


'(Ill  llii-  A.lliiii;ilt\   .  Ii.iil  III  Isir.  i;.ll.-a  |;.mIi-i  CIiiiiihI. 


M))ia  iiiiil  Sii     ,  ,u>iii, 

I'  mill  cliaiii ii.c 

(>  liiiiM  liair  li'  I,, 
lose  aniiiiiii  I  :  .i>  ii 
III  rii;,'<;\  \M  It,,  I,  „r 
's  jril;,'!  Il  all!  I'l,  vMlli 
ami  il  tliiiliin     .  Iih  ,iI 

III'  lilt^   .sIlMMI     '  l,l>tlr 

IS,  Stfani  liii.i' ^  mill 
III   Amli't'siiii   I   i.iiiiK 

I  lliiiiii;;li  /.'<!/.  V-  /'./« 
111.  'I'lic  ciiti  iinr  l.i 
i>  unit's  liMi^  ainl  li:ilt' 
liis  |iassa;.'i',  aii^l  tiii' 
/(■  I  sill  11(1  ;  II  I-  II  .|iM 
lilv   t  wii  liiimlii  >l  iiih! 

II  till  li'i'l  alioM  lii^li 
I'lii vr  is  mil'  liiiiiili'i'il 
l'lifl':a;;li'l>laii.Uiin.il 

III'!    Ill   till'  nIiiiI'    "I  till' 

III  lit'  rairlcil  lliiiiii;;li 
i  latliiT  rlip^ii  111  till' 
it  anil  ill  lliii'U  ^^1  .iiliii 

hi'ticr.      I'l'ii  l.iiliiiiii> 
il  ami   Mi'Ni'il  M.iml 

Miiitliwaril  ami  ii'iiii~ 
pailiti'd   small   Ihmimn, 

II  111'  a   ;;niiil  I'liri'  inr 

III  Mill'  111  r.alrir-  I'.i- 

lii  till'  I'll;:!'  Ill  till'  lli'i'<. 
|ioiiit    i>  a  lai  i;i'  i  il.i'ii 

Inilliliii;;  Willi   :i  "lull' 
lint  ami  aluml  nin'  lull 

laml,  ami  mi  iln'  ii"i!  ' 
«iriiiir\ . 

;lil,  ami  lur  a  slimi  ili> 
ir  iliii'i'  Iniiiiliiil  '111"- 
I'ciillv  al  llir  m'iilii.i- 
II'  watrr,  ami  I  ■  i-mH'! 

■mli'il  trmii  an  ai  iw  i  n  ' 

piisl  IS  I  VM'hr  I'i'i''  iii-l 

S.S7,  and   nm^  •■'! 

I  I'm  I'assa-i'. '!  ' 

.  naiiifil  Tiiii-i  I'  .     ' 
i'i'll>  alii'ail ;  ami  ■•'  i'' 
rasiii;;  l<>  I'lH'  mill'  "i''' 
il. 


I'M'IIIC    CiiASI'    I'lLMT. 


fi2r. 


Tins  passaK.' is  tliii'i-  inili's  Imi-.  ami  al  llii'  smiilii.|n  miiiai iIiiti.  is  /'„;„/  7V</;/,.  nn  tlic 

,.asi  on  Aiiil.'ismi    l^laml,  ami  I'ail.  I'oiiii.m  ||||.  /*,  ,;/\   //,,„/ n,,.  ^^,,,,_  '||„.,,.  ,,  „  ,|,.,,,|,  „f 

,'i;;lil.'<'li  In  tlilll.N    lallimii>  iif  walil   III  it.  null  ;;iiiii|  .n  alii   n|.  luiiH,,.,   sj, Tlii' ilii  vi't  imi  nf  II,,. 

I'liaiiiii'l  is  imrlli  ami  .smilli. 

iiii';  nr.vii.'s  iir.Aii,  • 

Tliis  is  a  liliilV  alimil  rn^liiv  fni  ,,!m.vi'  llii'  walii.  ami  n.viiiil  witli  tii'i's  ilial  naili 
,1  Inijilil  of  mil-  Inimlii'il  Inl.  Tlnii'  an'  tirt's  iiiulri'  tin-  liliill  ilnwn  Id  ih,.  vitv  iiaimw  saiiil 
Lrarli.  It  is  till'  smillii'iii  pi  mi  I  nf  I  hi'  ininaim-il  ]ii'iiiiisiila  Ih'Mmi'ii  «  all's  Inli'i  ,>,,  i|m>  i.;,,|  ami 
('asr's   liilft  mi  tin'  ui'si.     Aliii'a>l  nlii  ilii'  rliaiiml  i^  mii' ami  mir  i|u.ii  i,.|    iiij|i'>  wiil,',  will,  Imlil 

watiT  miiU'i'  rilliiT  slimc,  ami    iiailiiiiL;   til'iN    fall s  dosf   iimli'i'  Hie  liiail.     Tlif  tlni'cl'atl i 

,  iiivc  IS  williiii  twi)  liiimlii'il  vaiils  nf  ilii'  >|imc,  cxrcpi  ai  a  .^mall  point  almiil  mii'  iiiilr  iimllicast 
hmii  tin- Imail.  wliiTi'  llii'  tlirci' lallimn  rni\  n  i-,  mn'ipiai  Irr  iinlr  mil  ami  al  Hie  nl'^^i' uT  tin' lnw- 
uali'l' linn.  This  pail  iil  Iln-  smimi  is  Ihr  miliam'f  In  ('a>i'"s  Inlrt,  ulilnli  slictihi's  iimlliwi'st 
>i'\  I'll  mill's  tVmii  Oi'vil's  I  Irail.  ami  thi'ii  iirailx  iinrtliiiiiilli\vi'>l  I'm  ii;;lii  nnlcs  fai  thnr,  with  an 
ivi'ia;,'!' witllli  til' mic  ami  mil' (piailiT  mill's,  ami  ih'pllis  raimin--  tVmn  ihiitvllM'  lailimns  to  livn 
il  till'  linail.  Til  till'  smillii'asl  li\  rasi  IVmn  llii'  Di'vilV  llrail  Iln-  Innail  arm  ivai'ln-s  tu  tin- 
Ni>i|iiall.v  Nai  rows. 

As  the  l)i'\  il's  lli'ail  is  appniai'linl  rnnii  I  hi'  wi'sl,  Nlmint  W.iinii'i  is  npi'iifd  jiisl  nlfar  nf  il, 
-liiiw  in^Mliri'i' iii'ai'l\  I'ipiallv  liii^h   siimnnis, 

l''l-mii  I  III'  I  >i'\  ilV  1 1  rail  I  In'  rmilsr  1  hrlii'i'  luuaiil--  Ol\  mpia  itusm's  I  In-  hi 1  I'haniirl  il  lazu- 
li,ill.\  III  MiiimIn  I'miil,  u  hiili  lii's  wi'st  mir  hall  suiilli  a  ll  llli' nvni' t  wu  iiillrs  IVmn  tin'  I>n\il">  lli'iid. 
Ihi-  ihaniirl  lias  a  diplli  nf  lifty  to  twriily  fat  limns  nf  watrr  iimt  in  ml  ami  ;;ra\  s.iml,  w  illi  ili'i'p 
vv  .ilt'i  rlnsi'  ilislimr,  tin'  tiil'i'i'  fat  limn  I'ui  \  i'  lii'in;;  u  illiiii  I  wn  Inimlii'd  vards  nf  l  lir  >limr, 

IMiiiUn'    I'nI.M'. 

This  is  till'  rxiri'iiiil  \  nf  Ilir  prnimriinrv  Ih'I  wi'm,  tin'  Innad  n  alia-  inw  aid>  I  travlmi  I'assaj;!' 
and  Nisipialls  Krai'li,  and  tin'  n.iiinw  aiiii  nf  tin'  sniiml  mi  tlii'  «ist,  lallid  lli'iidi'ismi's  liilil.  It 
1  Mil II Is  dirt'i'tl.v  Inw  aids  Iln'  iniddlr  nf  Case's  Inli'i.  1 1  is  a  Inw  sandy  pmni  of  alinnst  mir  hiindii'il 
or  t  wn  liimdl't'il  yards  I'Mi'iil,  with  smni'  nnpainli'd  slianlii's  iindri'  t  lir  l  iri's  and  liliiff.  whirli  am- 
in-idi'  and  licliind  tin'  Inu  slimr,  Tlim  i'  is  t,'(Miil  w  ,,li-|-  nil'  llir  pmnI,  t  lir  I  uriil.\  fallmin  rinv  n  lir. 
in;;  li'ss  than  a  ipiarli'i'  nf  a  iniir  mil,  .\i-inss  r.i-i"-,  Inlrt  In  iln-  iim  i  In-.i-i  llir  lirnadlli  nf  the 
rlianiii'l  is  mil'  and  a  half  milrs.  .\iiii>s  Ihnni'^  /'.ivmi./c  in  tin'  wrsi  iln'  wnlili  is  thr  saim'.  with 
till'  Ilsaini  slinal  in  thn  iniddlr,      Mnndx's  I'mni  is  Incallv   iiiinwii  as  .Inlnisdn'f  I'niht. 

M(tii(hl  I'oillt  .ity  .lull iis'in'i  I'l'iitl)  .\iir  I  nihl.  —  .\  Iriis  l.inli'I'll,  slinw  ilij;'  wjiiiil  iilillv  liijllt,  has 
lii'i'll  siispi'lidi'd  IVmn  a  wlllln  pn-I  rl;;lllrrll  Iri'I  Inuli  .mil  alinlll  I  wi'lily  I  lll'i'i'  frrt  lllin\i'  ihi'  li'Vi'l 
-I  ihi'walrl'.  It  is  aliniil  ti'li  \aids  Irniii  ihr  lii^;liw  alt'l'  lilnil  nf  llir  linrllii'lliimisl  cxI  ri'liiily  nf 
Miinil,\    I'miil.  and   i>  sii-ii  iVnin  Malta's   Pas-. i;;i',  ( 'asr's   liilri.and    l»ia,\liin  I'assa;;!',     I'rmii  litis 

I  lultl  I'liin'  I'aik  is  ili>laiit  tw ili's  nmllt  >."(    rasl  i  N.s.'i     i:.),atiii  I'miil   Tii'lili".  llir  .smilhwi'slrrn 

pmnt  nf  .\iiiloism.  Island,  is  dist.int,  tliri'r  and  tliri'i'i'i,i,'litlis  milrs  smith  ST''  rust  (S.  87"'  K.). 

riiK    ITS  \MI    SlIuM.. 

This  dillt;;rr  lirs  Oltr  liillr  iVntit  tllr  linil  lin  ninn>I  rMrrlllily  nf   .Mn.iil\   ni'  .Inhlismi's  I'nllll,  and 

II  dl  a  mill'  IVinii  I  In-  lirairsi  slinir  t\\'  llai'lslriii'  Ulaiid  In  Ihr  wrsl. 

lirlwi'i'ii  il  and  llarlslmr  Island  llir  niaiii  rltannrl  rnttswilli  t  unttytwn  fathmns  nf  watrr, 
anil  ;;iiimI  watri'  rlnsr  iinilri-  tltr  wrstrrti  shiiir. 

It  is  a   lnrk\   ptiti'h,  lia\  in;;  a>  liltir  a-  niiir  Irrl  >^\'  vvalrr  iipmi  it,  "  ith  Ki'lp  sprr.idiim  mit  In 

Iliirr  and  mic-lndf  fallt s  nf  wain,     Thnr   i-  tni  lallmin-.  sA'  uain    lirtwrrit  llir  >hnal  and  Ihr 

u  r.st  Nlioif  nf    Mnnily  I'ninl.aild    six  and    miripiarlrr   fallimns   lirlwrnt  il  1  I  >irkrrsnti's  dniililr 

'iitnt,  half  il  mill'  tn  tlir  sniiih. 

This  dan-rr  is  imirki'd  by  ;i  Mcmn/  .7„sx  nmilnwn  p.unli'l  'i-iil,  ml  ,uvl  lil,i<L  h<iri:ont>il  slrlpcs. 
:  is  plarril  in  twrlityTnni-  frrl  nf  watrr  oM'r  mrks  Imllmii  nti  Iln-  nmtit  sidr  nflln'  krip  p;ilrli. 
•  'ssrls  Itnlind  In  (  )lyiilpia  sliniild  ll'ilM-  il  nit  Ihr  pnll   liaitil. 

This  Ininy  is  Inralrd  as  fnllnws:  Finiii  ii  Miiiidy  I'ninI  hrars  nmllnit-i  by  rasl  Ihnrfninlhs 
rasl  (NK.liv  i;.  ,'  I'l.l.ilistanI  mir  mill' :  I'mnl  W  il-mi,  I  lir  rasin  n  laimrtil  nf  I  l.it  t-Iritr  Island,  iimlli 


,11, mI  .\ln,iir  I'.lull  .111  A.liiuialt>  .  Ii.nt  "f  l-H^ 


iTL'ii  1'  (■ — nt 


"^i 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


UitU    |2.5 

|5o   ^^"     H^H 

■^  Ui2    12.2 

•yuu 

1.4  mil  1.6 


III 


Hiotograpbic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  Wir»T  MAIN  STREiT 

WESjVER.N.Y.  149S0 

(716)  872-4503 


;j^V^ 


1 


''^■ 


i 


t^ 


\    ii 

^     H 
i  HI 

i     in 

' '  ■fin 
I  Ijll 

G2G 


I'Anrif  cdAST  I'll.  T. 


'ii,  till 


iiortliwcst  (N'NW.i,  ilistiint  twn  milt's.     Mitkcrsdn's  I'dint,  wosIimii  side  soulliwcsi  li\  >,,! 
t|iiail»'is  sdiilli  ,S\\  .  liy  .S.  J  S.|.  tlist:iiil  one  atui  oil"  (|iiait«  r  inilfs. 

Wlii'ii  i»in*M''^'  tliioiiKli  tlifsc  walfis  laltM\  in  tin-  .sti-aiiilMtal  fioin  OI\iii|ii,i  ww 
ilt'ii.M'lv  li>;;)4>.  >ln'  kfpl  close  iiikUt  llir  wrsti'iii  slion-  ill  appioaflim;;  Itsaini  l)iir\.  ,1111 
sliTiiii;;  iioUlitMst  oiir  liall  fast,  ami  iIh'ii  iiiadr  a  strai(,'lit  liiiiisf  Tor  Momlv  m  .Inlin^, 
wliirli  was  <Mil.i;iit  1>\   tlii'  ccIio  of  tin-  strain  wliisllc. 

I'l tlif  Itsaiiii  >lii>al  till'  passa^'i-  is  contiach'il  to  about  oiiv' half  iiiilf  wiilc,  \\  illi  m.!  ,1, 

(h'ptlis  ui   ixM'iilN  to  lilti'fii  I'a.iioms  of  water  over  I'oaise.  ;;rav  sand,  slnjis,  .ind  ;;r.i\(l.  i;h| 
wat«'l"  elose  to  llie  siioics. 

Tliis  IS  Ihiiiii's  I'lissiiiii,  aiii]  its  ;;eneral  direetion  is  soiitliwest   liv  south  and  iioiiIhm      I' 
for  t«o  mills.     Tilt"  (Msteni  shore  is  indiiited  and   modeiateh  low.  Inn   eoxered 


■<>-:illlri 
';i.-M'.|  ii 


iliiii'l 


>  f.lM 


"Itll     (.)!.  ;;i,|,   (j,. 


tin'  western  shoie  |s  lonned  \>\   liie  south  side  of  llaiisteiie   Island,  and   is   lii;;liel   lli.iM  ll 
Khore. 

'I'lieie  are  r<  rii  s/zoi/i/  em  rents  diiiiiiy:  spiiii;;  lidfs  III  this  [>assage.     There  is  loitl  \>< 
to  r.iiseo  I'oint.  and  the  ed';e  of  (he  ehaiinel  is  sleep-to. 

HHISCo    I'niM. 


<'il>ll'l!. 


'J*; 


M 


m 


This  is  a  sharp,  narrow  point   sixty   feel    lii;;li   on  the  westward  side  of   l>aiia"s   I' 


■l^vljr.  .iiiil 


»e  1 1.  II  nil  III, 


iiearlv  two  miles  soiiihwest  trom  llsanii  .Shoal.      It  is  wooded  and  has  ;.'o(m|  w , iter  eli 

east  side.  Imt  the  I  hrt'e-lalliom  line  extends  three  hiiiiilred  yards  south  Iroiii  the  poinl.  w  i;li  .1  im, ., 

of  kelp  ill  four  fathoms  of  water,  and  with  a  narrow  low  neek  on  the  north. 

The  eh.iniiel  i  111  iNed  lately  on  the  we.st  side  of  the  roiiit  is  I'eale's  l'assa;;e.  hall  a  iiiili   u  nli .  .iihI 
with  iv\elve  totliirleeii  fathoms  ill  it:  it  lead.s  to  the  north  west  eoinplelely  around  llailsieiK' Nl.iinl. 

The  eoiiise  iliroii;.'h  I»aiia's  {'assail-  from  Itsami  Hiiny  and  p.tst   Itriseo  I'oini  is  sonMi  iIhiiv 

lour  de;;rees  west  (S.  .'!  I     W.    for  three  and  tin | nailers  miles,  keeping;  in  ;;iiod  w  jlei .  liiii  sli;;||ili 

nearer  the  sonllieasl  side  mil  11  the  mouth  of  jiinhrs  Inlet  is  re.ielied  lietweeii  nol)leiiiU'i\  I 'mi;!  mi 
I  he  e. 1st  ami  roint  (uoperuii  the  west,  with   nineteen   fathoms  o\er   mud  bottom  in  mid  rli.iiiiiii 

I II  elilei  iiii;   I'liiilil    liilel    Xessejskeeji    p. 1st    ihe    mid  ehaiiriel  a  lid     haul   lip  '.inder    the  \\esl<  I   1  ^Iii>|,.. 


tollowiii;;   ii   till'  four  miles  in   lifleeii  io  tour  fallioms  of  water  over  mud  to  tlu^   ri-d  Ihh^  nil  iIi, 
Olyiiipia  mild  tl.iis. 


/»..///. 


til  i/i  I 


's  I'liint  is  low   ;ind  eleared  on  the  liol  thwesl.  w  ith  elitVs  ei'dllN  feel  liii;h  to  l| 


ir  Milirli 


soutlie,|s|.  The  t  liiee  t.illiom  eiirvi-  is  elose  to  it.  lull  lies  I  lilee  hiilidled  ,\  alils  outside  iiT  .IimI'. 
rollll.  one  Miinl  ol  a  mile  to  the  norlhe.iisl.  J'nr  I  ides  at  I  )oltlem\  1  I's  I'oinl  eolisllll  tin  I  III'  T.i  >i< . 
tor  Ihe   I'.lrllie  (   o.isl,  piildisheil  anilll.lll.V    by  the  r.  .S.  Coast   and  ( leodetie  ,Sur\  e\ . 


I>fl}u 


'iiiifiir  I'niill   l.i'ilil.  —  X     ti.iiil    irliilr   liiilil,  lelis    l.inlelli,  li.is    i n    suspended  llnlii  llii 


on  a  w  hile  po 


~i.     Ti 


:llt   is  alioiil    IWeiiU    leet   al>o\e  the  se.i  level. 


The  post  Is  iwehe  leel  hi;;h,  and  Is  sitiiateil  on  I  he  north  w  e.si  aii;;h'  of  the  wliart  ,il  llic  I' 
It  Is  lixe  ,iiid  a  liilf  miles  iioilh  iioilhwesi  trom  the  Slake  li;,'lit  at  OI\  mpia. 
It  was  established    Uecember.  1S,M7. 
I'nillt  (■«./..»•  at    the   wesleril  side  of  the  elllraiiee  to   lilldd's  In  I.  I  pl'ile.  Is  to  the  liollli 


is  low   ,iiid  sh.ii  p,  and    1 1 


>es   Io  el; 


:htv  teel  III  half  a  mile   towards  lln'  soiilhsoiiiheasi.      Ii  <1im<|i 


I'.iid.l's  Inlet  I i:id  liilel..iiid  Ihe  Ihre.'  fathom  eiirve  spieadsoiil   ll humlied  \  aid-  In 

point  and  nariows  the  eiiti.tme  lo  I'AA  Inlet. 


J* 


11 


TI 


lis  loll''  ai 


lit  I)l>".s    IM.KT. 
Ill  al  the   head  of  the   Noiind    is   three  tbiiiths  of  a  mile  wide  at  the  eliliaiin.  em 


mile    wnb-   inside,   and    llieii    ;;i,(diiall\    n.iirow: 


Io  tlilee  toiiiihs  <il   a   mile  at    the    head.      It 


iiiileN  Ion;:  and  ils  ;;en«  i.il  direeiioii  is  south  southeast,      l-'or  one  and  one  Indf  miles  beion  reiirliiii: 
«>1>  III  pi. I  the    l>.l.\   01    1 11  hi   IS  oeiiipied  b\    an  elioi  molls  mild  tl.il,  of   whieh  one- loll  rlh  Is  li.lie  .It  111 


lei,  and   this  shoal  wiihinili.'   three  faliion    line  e\ti  lids  from  the  head  of  Ihe  ba.\  I'd .1111 


wa 

one  half  miles  to  the  iiorlbv  aid.  and  then   eonliniies  iin 


iiidcr  the  east   wlior*' lor  two  miles  in'v.n^l- 


\V,iiiis,r  liiht.  The  bliitVson  ihe  west  shore  averay:e  about  sixty  d'ei  lii;;h.  are  sleep,  ami  '.eii.r.il 
eoveied  with  Oregon  piiie.  The  bliitVs  oil  the  east  shore  ar-  liiuher  for  I  he  lirst  mile  and  ihi 
«lt*4'rease  towards  (he  head. 

The  a\era-e  depth  of  water  is  six  f.ithoms,  and  is  <piite  iiiiiloini  over  a  bottom  of  mm! 

There  isonlv.'/o  ilnmiii  inside  the  inlet,  and  that  is  tliive  and  o.:e  fourth  mileHNoiith  ot  1    -, 


rAciric  (OAST  ni.oT.  ,•.>- 

|-„iiit  midiT  llio  wwtmi  slion-,     U  is  :v  stony  paldi,  in  |,;m  l.aiv  :il  low  wal.T  ami  siimmiid.Ml  l.v 

li  iia  Imltoin  ii I'  t..  tliivf  lallioiiis  of  wal.T.      ris.-  total  area  of  tins  ,| 1  .,|„,|  |,  f.,,,,.  |„„„|irll 

s.ii.ls  north  1111(1  souili  and  llii.-o  linn  Ind  .-ast  and  w.-.i.  and  ii  li.'.-,  a  lull,.  ..v.t  a  (|iiarl.'i- ol' a 
iiulooiniio  westi'in  shoiv  aliivast  the  sixl.v  Iwl  IdulV  lliiccioiiiihsnta  mile  noiili  uf  limlcr's  Covi'. 
riicic  isau'ood  clianni-i  caiTvin;;  fi;:lit  and  nin.' lailioins  mi  iln'  u,.>i    .si,l,.  ,,r  il,  and  a  liroadt-r 

.■liannil  on  tin-  fast  iMinin};  cijilit  to  (our  falli s  ol  walr;.     I'liis  ,s|ii,,il  i>  niaiUfd  hv  a  Imov. 

Lar;;.'  vrssrls  pass  this  shoal  and  anchor  n.-ariv  a  niilr  to  ihf  soMilica>l   l.y  south  I i  it  in 

lluv.'  and  o'u'half  Cathonis  of  water.  Many  \c.ssris  -c  to  Ihr  wh.nrat  Olviiipia  at  lii-li  walt-r  anil 
11.- Ilirrc  in  tlu'.soft  mud  at  low  wati-r.  Si.mmi  lio  ii  s  run  ii|>  lu  tin- » li,irvi>  al  hi'.;h  water  lint  if 
mlciidni;:  to  niovf  durin;;  the  time  of  low  water  tlir\  niii>t  lie  ue,irl>  a  mile  to  tlie  norlliwesi  umler 
the  west  slum',  wherr  there  is  a  wharf,  and  .vheiiee  there  is  a  .u:ood  ni.nl  alon;;  the  .-.liore  to  ()1\  niipia. 

(II.YMl'lA    IMOV. 

The  stony  pateli  already  deserihed  lyin;^  uihIit  the  western  shore  of  I'.udd's  Inlet,  three  and 
•  me  lonilh  miles  south  southeast  from  ('oo|ier  Point,  and  two  and  live  ei-hths  miles  iKiillnvesi  In- 
iioitli  iKun  the  <>lyin|»ia  wharf,  i-  marked  In  a  liiioy  on  the  soiiihiMn  side.  This  is  a  lliinl-duss 
Hint  hiiiiji  itiiiiilt'il  rid  II  mi  niimhiiul  'Z.  It  is  placed  in  t  went, \  tour  feet  of  water  over  inudd.v  liottom 
and  lies  live  hundred  ami  seventy  .\aiils  south  southeast  iVom  the  middle  of  the  stony  |patcli.  visi 
l)le  at  low  wator,  with  tour  to  three  fatiioms  oiWater  liali\va.\  to  ilii>  |iaicli. 

Tliele  is  ;.'ood  water  on  either  side  of  the  Imhi.n,  I'lil  less  than  hall  way  from  il.  towards  tiie 
iMstein  shore,  the  three  t'athoni  line  is  r'ached.  .\  dc|iili  of  three  fitlioiiis  cm  he  carried  one  in  le 
laitherup  the  iid(^t  than  the  luioy  l>y  '.eepini;  close  under  the  western  shore. 

The  hiKiy  is  tlir4'e('ii;hths  of  a  mile  tiom  tlie  nearest  cliif  on  tiie  west  shote.  where  it  is  siMy 
Icet  aliove  the  water  and  rises  gradually  inland. 

It  is  located  hy  the  followiii;;  hearin;;s  and  distances: 

l»elllctiiyrr's  r..iiit  N.  i:t- W.  \',\  iiiilcH. 

I'liisl  ruiiil,  rast  sidr  111'  ill  il Si',:!     K.  Ifnij|.-i. 

'I'lu- Wli.ol'at  OlMiiaiii S.  11'     v..  '.S  riiil.s. 

There  is  a  line  chart,  of  IJiidd's  Inlet  ami  approaches  ptiltlislicd  by  tlie  IT.  S.  Coast  and  (ieo- 
ilitic  .Survey. 

Thi    I'iilis  nt  Olj/mpiii. — The  ( "orrected   Ivsiahlishiiiciit.  m-  niciii  interval  liei  ween  the  time  of 

tl loon's  iiieridiaii  transit  and  the  time  of  the  ln;;li  u.iter  KVll''  L'l)'",  and  I  lie  me, in  liseaml  tall  of 

tides  IS  ten  and  ci;;ht  tenths  feet.  The  aveia;,'e  highest  tides  in  the  inontli  wliiii  the  ilccliiiatioii 
ot  the  moon  IS /.ero  and  ^'oiii;;  north  is  seventeen  .mil  seven  tenths  leei  alpo\e  the  plaiH' of  n-fer 
eiice  ;  and  the  smallest  hi;,'h  tide  is  thirteen  and  twoteiitlis  feet  aliovi'  same  plane,  when  the  nioon's 
declination   is  half  its  northern  r,m;.:e  and  decreasiii;;. 

The  lowest  low  w.iter  is  oiiehalf  ol  a  font  aliove  the  same  plane  when  the  moon's  decliiMtion 
IS  half  its  northern  iaii;;e  and  increasinj:.  and  the  hi:;hesl  low-water  is  eleven  teet  above  the 
-.line  plane  when  the  nioon's  declination  i.  ;;reate..t  south.  The  l:ii;;esi  ditVeii'iiee  of  lii|;:h  and 
low  waters  is  reported  at  twenty  tour  feet,  but  it  has  doiibtle  s  been  '.greater  than 


this 


The  chart  };ives  the  f;i 


al  rule  for  lindill;;  the  times  ami    hcl-hts  ol    tin'  tides,   but  these  c; 


be  obtained  Iroiii  the  I'acilic  Tiile  T.ibles.  published  annually  I'y  tlie  I  oast  ami  <1 htic  .Siiivex. 

The  ^:eoy:iapliieal    position  of  the  ll.ij;  st.ilf  at   the  Capitol  has  been  deterniiiied  liy  the  C.  tJ. 
Co.i.staiid  lieodetic  Survey,  as  follows: 

I.ai, 1,1,1.. .irMiv.'nt)"i„.rth. 


Llii^iIiiiIi. 
Or,  ill  liiiii' 


IV"-'       .il'  II'.'"    Wl'Ml. 

-'  II  •:ir.M>. 


t  increase  at  that  time, 


T.'i(^  magnetic  variation  iii.Iamiary,  issj,  wasJl  '  pi' cast,  with  a  sli-li 
•IS  the  easterly  maximum  had  been  \i'r>  nearly  riMclied. 

Olym|.ia  is  a  lieaiitifiil  town  of  about  three  thoiisaiid   inl'abiiatits.     It  is  the  county  scat  and 
•dso  the  Territorial  capital. 

The   Cnited   Slates  land  ollices  ami  theolliceot  the  liiitcd  St.ites  collector  of  internal  reve 


line  are  located  here.     It  has  lar;re  private  eilucal  ion, il  in 

iliree  .saw  nulls,  ell'.     The  lumber  output  of  the  c iir\  is  a 

I'^xleiisive  ileposiLsof  coal  have  been  discovered  .iiid  located. 


.tit II lions.  iii,iiiiir.ictiiriii;;establi>linieiits, 
bo;.t   twelve  millions  lei't  annually. 


^■i 


^1 

,1 


'I    I      I' 


(]-_»S 


PACIFIC    CoAsr    I'lLOT. 


i 


,)*' 


i  s 


:    I 


^:t'^ 


Olympiii  l.lijht.—Al  \\  turn  in  tln>  clianiu'l  near  tlic  Htoiun-hoat  wliarvo.s  at  01.viii|ii;i,.i  /.,,,/,  ^ 
/i;/7i r,  Ii'iis  lantt'iii,  lias  luvii  NiisiKMidcd  fVoiu  an  arm  on  a  pilf.  Tin-  lij;lit  is  alxml  t\\i:ii\  |,.  . 
aliovi"  tli«  HiM  1t'v«'l.     Tin-  .tilo  is  ahoul  seviMilt'cii  >ai(ls  w.-st  of  tlio  west  i.tlpH  of  lii.>  .li.itni.l.  ;,„  j 

isulioiit  out"  lil'tli  iit'ii  iiiilf  west  by  iiortli  liiilf  iiortli  (W.  hy  N.  A  N.)I'|(imi  tlii>  ii rend  nf  i!„.  li,, 

wliaii'.     It  isalMiiii  oik-  aii<l  aqiiailcr  itiilcs  si.iilli  by  cast  lialt«'ii.st  (S.  by  K.  ^  i;.)l'i(.m  I'm-'  I',,,,,. 
Tlu'  li^ilit  slionlil  \h'  l»'l"t  to  llni  wostwanl  and  itasscil  fliwo  to. 

It  was  fstablislii'd  Octolx-r  1,  ISSS. 

Wist  t)lymi)iit  Stir  l.iijht.—X  Iciis  lantorn  sliowinjj  a  Jt.vnl  mi  liiihl  lias  bocn  niis|icim|.  ,|  t,,,,,, 
tlio  anil  on  a  i>il«>  in  a  small  wharf  at  Wt-st  OI\iii|iia.     Tin-  pile  is  alxuit   ten  tVct  ui>i  ..i  n,,.  i,,,, 

water  sliorr  Imc,  and  tlii'cliai 1  is  cIoni' t-i  tin- slion-.     Tlic  li;rlii  is  about   t«fiii>  led  ;il„,\,.  n,, 

U'V«'I  ol'tln-  water,  aiitl  from  it  tin-  follow  in;;  beariii;;s  ami  ili^taiices  arc  ;.'iv.'ii  :    I'rirsi   \;,.u\  Ii,..,i, 
north  one  ami  one  ri;;litli  milis;  end  of  loiiy;  wharf  from  Olsmpia,  iioilli  by  cast  liaH  r.,-:  A.  In  | 
h  K.l,  and  the  OlMiipia  I,i;;ht  vast  h\  south  halfsontl,  (K.  b>  S.  .\  S,). 

U  was  lir>t  shown  March  I.  1HS<». 

OI\mpia  has  rc;;nlar  <'oiincction  with  all  the  sound  ])orts  by  steamboats ;  also  wiili  S,.,ii:i, 
Tai-oiiia,  and  the  (.'olninbia  Kiver  by  rail. 

Olsmjiia  IS  near  the  headwaters  of  till'  Chclialis  Hiver  emptyin;,'  into  (ira\"s  r.,i\ .  .inl  m|: 
lorty  miles  Ml  a  strai;;lit  line  from  the  Colnmbia  Uivcr.  The  country  aronnd  (H>mi,iii  is  », 
iidapteil  to  a;:ri<'ultui'e,  ami  maiiv  picas, iiit  homes  are  se(>n  on  the  shores  of  liiidd  and  <>iIm  i  mli'. 

Oli/iiiiiiii   W'luii/. —  A   new    wharf  has   been    priijec'cd   iKUthward    Irom    the  town  o|   tllsini. 
through  the  middle  of  the  ;;icat  tl.its,  ti\  e  ci;;litlis  of  a  mile    beyond    the  old    wliaif.     ll  ic.i.|ii'<: 
three  <ir  four  feet  of  water  at   the  lowest    tiilcs.      It  is   repor'cti   that  Brown's   wharf  on  iln    h,. 
hide  ol   IJndd's  Inlet,  and  just  insid«  the  three  tat lioiii  liiu",  at  the  odjjM  of  the  ;;ieat  ll.u.  i   !    . 
disused. 

Tiimiratrr'  is  a  villaj.'e  alMiiit  one  mile  south  of  Olynipia  on  the  Des  Chutes  Hivcr,  ulni,  ;:. 
water  ]Mi\\ei  ol  the  tails  is  niilized  by  mills  tor  various  prodnels  tif  manufaeliire. 

It  woiiil  ic(|uiic  an  i  m  met  im' amount  ofiletail  todcfcribe  the  intricacy  of  all  the  inlets.  |i,iss,i;,-, 
and  i>lets  iliiou;;liout  I'liuci  Si  mid  south  of  The  Narrows.  The  principal  na\  i^iatini  i.  iii,-, 
Olvmpia  by  the  route  Just  de.>cril>ed  to  Steilaeoom  and  thence  to  Tacoina  ami  Scatlii'.  Ilnir  .1;. 
now  small  towns  and  seitleinciits  ;,'iowin^  upon  the  shores  of  these  inlets,  and  small  >.iv\  ii  1!~. ',  ■ 
there  is  no  extensive  shippiii;;  anion;;  them.  There  is  jjood  water  tlirou;;li  the  nariowi-i  mlr, 
which  havf  bold  >liores  and  a  pine  c4iveied  country.  <'a.-c"s  Inlet  and  Cirio  Inlet  arc  ihi  1 
pi'incip.d  arms,  each  bcin;;  about  twelve  mih's  lon^  and  Irom  one  to  twn  miles  w  ide,  with  il  ii\  ' 
tifty  fathoms  in  them  and  no  d.in;:crs  ;  the  peninsula  iH-tweeii  them  has  several  lakes  tliinii^h  1' 

There  is  one  .s.iw mill  mi  Casc'^   Inlet, 

The  (hart  ^ives  all  lh,it  isai  present  needed  for  the  navigation  of  the.se  waters.  C'oiimiIM  ,u- 
and  (ieodetic  .Survey  eharts  <>•»-  ami  G.S4. 

hood's  rANAl.,t 


i»f 


This  ^reat   arm   of   Admiralty   Inlet  commences  fourteen   and   one  (pmrter  mile,  iiis.li 


•Mlfranee  to  the  inlet,  oil'  I'oillt   Wilson  ;   opening  on  the   west    side  of  the   ;;reat    cliaiiiicl. 


ll,  I 


the    I'liuhve.ilher    r>lull    on    the  e.is 


t  of    llm  eiitraiici'  and    Hasalt    Point    on   the   wot  ;    ll 


leaniiu  wc 


st  one  toiiith  noith  two  and  thice  milc>  iVnin  the  formci'. 


Tl 


e  ;;clicr,il  course  of  this  c. 


IS  south   bv  east,      l-'rom  the  entrance  the  lii>t    iiuil  iIkiiiihI 


ise  IS  nciily  soiilhe.ivt  Im   liv  e  miles,  poiiitin;;  diicitlv   into   I'orl   tiamble  (011   lli 


eoi 

the  canal j 


c   c.i^l    -'■Ir  I'l 


ll,  at  th 


e  eiil  r.iiici 


to  whiih  the  mill  and  hoii>es  are  plainly  vi.Mbh 


At  three  and  three  <piarters  mile 


t'rmii  the  enliaiice  then'   is  passed  on  the  stai  lio.ii.l 


lii;;h,  loiind,  woodeil  p 
east  and    \\>'- 


a  tlir 


ee  (laa 


rtcr>'  ol  a  mile  loii;;  north  and  .south  and  hall  a 


It  is  coiiiiecfed  with  the  main 


in  land  b\    a  nairow    nccU  id'  low  sand   ben  L      1; 


pviiiiiMulo  iMt'iTiiiirnlly  mistahn  fnv  an  i 

Port  (ramble  the  canal  clianK''-*  i'** 

ibit\  miles,  with  an  avera;:c 


ihtml,  and  is  named  Hood's  Mead.     I'.elwccn  tins  h.  i.l.ni.i 
•se  and  runs  in  neailv  a  straij;ht   line  south  b\    ».m  i..i 


width  of  mie  and  one  half  miles.. 
In  latitude  rr-lV  north  thee.mal  makes  an  abrupt  turn  ami  wins  twelvt Ics  nc.iil 


eii«t,  w 


here  S  heads  within  two  111  ics  of  the  head  of  ("ase'>  Inlet  in  Pii-cl  Sound. 


'It  «iiH  fiiriii.  il.v  liilliilNi'W  .Miiikrl. 


tNulllol  llV   VlUllOllVlT  111   JlHH',   ITIK, 


s  llivcr,  u  In  h  ;!ii 


rs.     (."(iii>iill  ('iiii>' 


rAcirio  COAST  I'li.di. 


629 


At  nftwn  inilos  from  Port  Oiiniltlo  tlioro  is  a  slight  .niok  in  iIm'  lino  of  (li,.  ciual,  and  at  sov- 
,.i,t.M-ii  iiiiU'saiiollKT  l.ioa<l  arm  slrctclK's  to  tlir  nmili  l.y  «,■-.!  toi  i.mi  mil.'s, « iih  ;i  iHMiiii^;ul,i  <Mm 
;ui(l  one  half  iiiili's  in  witltli  IicIwitii  Ii  ami  the  canal.     Tins  is  iic  ■Icaiiili.s  l'ciiiii>nla. 

Tin-  shoif  lim-  of  the  ••anal  amoiiiils  to  oiu>  Immln'il  ami  iiimiy-ivv ijcs. 

Till'  slioivsof  this  ;:rtMl  canal  aiv  hold,  hi;,'!,,  and  woodcil.  ilsin-  m  i h  ;:riMti'rlirii:lits  than 

.,M,\\vlit'iffls tho  inlet  or  sound.     This  is  pailinilaily  so  on  ilir  wcsicin  slioiv,  wIi.mv  tin"  wi-si 

.lion-oftlio  l»alio|>   ISa.v,  on   thi-   wi-si    sul,.  „r    fuandos   I'.-iiiiiMila.  allains   an  fl.valiun   of  two 

tliiiiisand  six  hiindrfil  feet  in  li-ss  than  two  miles  from  ilic  water.     '|'|jc>>c  hi^ji  ilaiiKini;  i intains 

,,I  llieOlympiis  Kaii-jc  are  ealled  the  .Inpiter  Hills.  Tlieeisinn  peaks  .il  ( H,\  nipns  Monntains 
,, ma- pie.ssitifjelose  towards  Hood's  C.inal,  a\era;;ini;  less  than  ei-hi  miles  liniii  llie  shcie.  and 
!,,•  Illy  parallel  thereunto.  Ih-hind  the  .Iiipiler  Mills  is  Mdniil  ( 'iiiislaiire.  se\  en  thousand  .seven 
liiiiidred  and  .seven t.v  .seven  feet  elevation;  The  liioihers.  six  tlmnsaiel  nini'  hundred  and  twent.V 
Icet.  and  Mount  Klliiior,  estimated  at  six  tlion.sand  live  hundred  lei'i.  fli.se  ureat  masses,  risiii}; 
s,.  alniiptly  in  wild,  roeky  peaks,  are  marks  all  over  .\clMiiiall\  Inlet  and  rn;,'ei  .Sound,  Init  .seem 
i..  ..veihaiifj  the  iiialn  part  of  the  eanal.  The  Ilrothers,  a  donlile  p.sd;,  is  less  than  seven  mile.s 
iKiiu  the  wafer. 

riiede|>tli  of  Wiifer  tlirou;;li  the  «'anal  is  everywhere  y:ii'at,  raiifiin;:  from  one  hniidred  to  fifty 
iithoiiis  a.t  far  as  the  sharji  turn,  and  theiiei'  to  within  three  miles  of  the  head,  van  \  inj^  twenty, 
h  n.  and  three  fathoms.    It  is  remarkalily  free  from  hidden  danglers. 

There  are  several  of  the  lar-cst  liimlier  mills  of  this  re;;ion  in  the  eanal. 

liood's  Canal  was  named  U.y  Naneonver  in  .May,  ITMl".     Vol.  i,  p.  :,'4.'$. 

I'OKT  T.riil.nw. 

Two  miles  (lireetly  west  of  I'oiilweather  UliilV  is  thelu'oad  opciiin;;'  to  I'orf  hndlowoii  the  we.«t 
side  of  the  entranee  to  Hood's  Canal.  This  lia\  has  a  hroad  enlrano'  open  touarilsthe  north, 
jlie  two  points  of  the  eiitranet>  are  Tala  I'oiiit  to  the  smiilicist  and  I'.asilt  I'oiiil  to  the  northwest, 
ilic  latter  1\  iny;  one  and  seven  ei;;htlis  miles  exactly  'lorlhwest  Iroiii  the  Innnei.  'I'ala  Point  lies 
iiiir  ami  threi'ipiarfers  iiiilea  .southwest  one  third  west  (SW.  \  W.)  iVom  I'oiilwealher   llliilf. 

Tiilii  I'oiut*  is  a  l»ri;,dil  IdiitV  head  less  than  a  i|iiaiter  ot' a  mile  liroail,  eoveiecl  on  top  with 
Oicuon  pine.  Ilisiilt  /'(*i/iMs  a  ronndin;:,  |a;;j:ed  point,  covered  with  trees  to  the  shore  line  and 
risiii;:  toa  moderate  hillock  covi'ied  with  wood.  One  cinaitir  ol  a  mile  mnili  ef  li.isall  I'oiiit,  and 
til, 1 1  distance  otVshon",  tliern  is  a  patch  of  low  rocks  one  hnndre(|  and  .sc\eni>li\e  yards  in  extent 
and  marked  liy  kelp.  There  is  deep  water  all  around  this  daiiuer,  and  .sixteen  f.ithoms  may  bo 
c.irried  iiisido  it.     It  is  called  the  Kins  Ii'ikL: 

From  Tala  I'oiiit  there  is  a  liar  of  haul  sand  nearly  oneipiarter  of  a  mile  wide  witiiiii  the  five- 
fathom  line,  sfrefcliinfj  in  an  outward  curve  to  (,'olvos  lioidis,  which  lie  oiicihiid  the  distance 
troiii  l!a.salt  Point  to  Tala  Point. 

The  three  fathom  curve  stretches  nearly  three  ei^jhths  of  a  mile,  with  a  width  of  one  tpiarter  of 
a  mile,  from  Tula  Point  to  the  nortliiiorthwest,  reachiiii;  to  thelil.icU  lmi.\  ;  the  liottoni  is  hard 
sand.  The  low-Wiiter  lino  j.s  two  hundred  yards  fnnn  the  cape,  and  kelp  lies  lor  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  to  the  northward. 

AhreiiHt  Tala  Pointtho  width  of  the  hay  is  three  ipiarlers  of  a  mile,  with  ;;ood  water  and  ;;(iod 
lioldin;;  j.'round;  hut  it  is  t,'radual!y  contracted  in  width  to  less  than  half  a  mile  abreast  the  .saw- 
mill, at  which  vessels  load.  Inside  of  the  .saw-mill  point  there  is  an  exci'llciit  aiiclioiajji*  in  .seven 
i"ei;^lit  fathom.s  of  v.ater,  over  soft  mud. 

The  approacluvs  to  this  Iiarbm-  are  marked  by  two  daiiy;ers.  Tlu'  Ivlas  llo.k  north  of  I'.asalt 
I'oiiit  has  already  lH*en  described. 

Thr  Colron  l{oi-ks»  are  a  <'lnster  of  three  rocks;  the  nearest  one  to  the  shore  lies  m  irly  half  a 
mile  southeast  from  Pasalt  Point.  It  is  twenty  live  feet  hiuh.  iiml  ot  small  extent  :  the  lar;;est 
ic'k  isa«|nartorof  a  mile  farther  on  the  same  course.  The  iliird  one  is  two  Imndred  y.inls  north 
of  the  outer oiu^  There  is  deep  water  around  the  noi:liwest  rock,  bnt  a  Ion-  shoal  stivtehesto 
ilic  southeast  fnuii  the  largest.  The  bottom  around  these  rocks  is  rocky,  and  hard  sand.  I'roiii 
ilieso  rock,s  there  is  a  bar  nearly  <me-(iuarter  inil«  wide,  of  less  th.in  live  fithoms.  leachiii};  in  an 
outward  curve  towards  Tala  Point. 


'Named  by  U.S.  ll.xpluriiigKxpt'Uiliou,  1641. 


'   ') 


'  ir  ; 


h'^'  i'^vriti- 
Mi,*   ;ii   \ 


''•">0  PAririr  coast  imiot. 

Thorp  Is  «1(>op  wfttor  on  tlio  iiortli,  west,  iuid  cast  sides  (if  the  nnrtlicastorn  rwk  of  tl,,  «  ..i^,,^ 
proiip. 

TIhto  is  vfiv  shoal  jrround  for  tw.i  IuiikIiviI  and  lifty  yards  soiitli  from  tiir  x.utli.  .1-1  t  „h„< 
R4U'k,  and  fnim  this  tliiTc  is  a  Uua  t;ul  of  liaid,  sandy  Ixittoni  sfn-ttdiinK  ov.t  tlin-c  .1^1,;:,.  .,|  , 
niili>  nviirly  wrst  soiitliwcst  touards  the  n-d  liuoy. 

Aliroast  tiirColviis  liocks.and  noarly  oni'i|iiart«Tof  a  mile  from  tin- sliorcllH'iv  isa  In  ,  i,„.|, 
This  is  (lie  Sii<ii>  /■'.«/,.  one  liiiiidrfd  and  lift.v  yards  in  cxtt'nt  and  just  awasli  at  iii;:li  inl.  Hi,.,,. 
Is  a  narrow  lin<>  of  thu'i-  tatlioiiis  of  water  just  inside  of  it. 

The  deepest  channel  into  tliis  lia\    hes  outside  the  Khis  Koek,  ami  hetweiMi  the  inn.     r.,h,„ 

R«H'k  and  the  Snake  iuiek.  wjiere  the  channel  is  six  hnndnd  yards  wide  hetween  liie  il\.  (.,||, 

lines,  and  carries  slxti'eii  lathonis  of  water  over  sticky  bottom.     Tiiei •verythin;;  is  ilr.ir  t.i  tin. 

head  of  the  l>iy,  ;;radii.illy  reducing;  the  depth  fn  ei;,'ht  and  seven  fathoms  inside  the  saw  ;  i;||  s|„i. 
and  havinv'  u'ood  water  under  each  shore.  Init  the  better  water  under  the  west  shoiv.  Iihi.-k,, 
broad  toresjioie.  or  low  water  bea4h,  nndei  the  east  shore. 

The  usual  cliannel  is  between  the  Tolvos  l.'ocks  and  Tala  I'oint.  erossiim  the  bar  in  Im,,i  ,,|„| 
a  quarter  tatlioms  of  water,  over  hard  sandy  buttoni.  between  the  red  aiil  black  bno\  s 

This  passajre  is  thre  •  (ifihths  of  a  mile  wide, and  the  biio.ss  lie  noitii  three  loiirlh-  uc^i  .,||,| 
soiitli  three  fdiirtlis  east  iVom  each  other. 

It   the  «iiid  and  eiirreiits  do  not    suit    for  enlerin^j  by  this  bmned  channel,  a  \cssel  iiiii,i  run 

inside  of  the  Colvos  Kocks,  earryin;,'  {Jo<mI  water  over  n  soft  muddy  bottom.     The  ap| iclns  in 

both  <'liaiiiiels  are  •,'ood. 

The  ;;cncral  direction  of  the  western  shore  of  the  bay  from  IJa.salt  Toint  is  south  soiuli.  mm  liir 
two  and  tiiree  ei;.'hths  miles,  to  the  saw-mill. 

It   is  in  pail   low,  broken  bliilf.  with  a  ;,'enfly  risiiif; country  behind,  covered  with  tlir  (>i.';;n|| 

jiiiie.     The  low  water  beach   is  about    lifty  yards  wide,  and  tiie  three  fathom  line  is  tin m  Iniii 

died  to  two  hundred  yards  Irom  the  shore,  except  near  Snake  Koek,  which  it  nearly  r<  n  Iji  >,  jii,. 
j;eiieial  direction  of  the  eastern  side  ol  the  bay  from  Tala  Toint  is  south  by  west  for  oim'  ;iiii|  mu'. 
<liiarier  miles;  the  .shore  is  lii;:h  iiiidci  Tala  Point  and  decreases  to  the  soiiihwaid  in  tlir  li.i\. 
.\breast  the  SawMill  Point  the  width  of  tin-  ba\  is  three  eighths  of  a  mile,  but  the  chiiiin'l  n 
narrowed  liy  a  shoal  from  the  southeast  shore.  sfreteliiiiK  fully  oneei;:lith  of  a  mile  tow  .uiN  .'»;i'.\ 
Mill  Point.  Inside  the  .Saw  Mill  I'oiiit  the  i>,i\  atVordsa  beaut it'ul  anchora;,'e  in  six  toei;;lii  f.iiliiiii,.< 
of  water  over  sul't  iiiud  for  half  a  mile  to  the  southward  and  westward.  This  small  ba-in  i^  ("in 
|iletely  laiidlocketl,  and  is  protected  from  ;;ales  from  every  quarter  by  the  hij^h  land  .iinl  lii^li 
trees  aroi'.nd  it. 

coi.vos  UdCK  iiroY. 

Tills  buoy  has  lM»on  plaeed  half  a  mile  east  southeast  frotn  the  southea.st  Colvos  l.'oi  k  ii  th. 
tail  of  the  hard,  saiiily  b.iiik  or  bar  makiii;;  out  in  that  direction.  It  is  a  xccihk/ .Vk.ns  hhh  Aii»k, 
IKiiiitfil  rid  mid  niimbirril  '2-  It  is  placed  in  twenty  four  feet  of  water,  over  hard,  sanil>  li'timii: 
from  it  we  have  the  follosviii);  bearin;;s  and  distances  to  locate  it: 

Fniil wont hor  RliifT.  Mill  kl y K.  I>.v  N.  J  N.  ','  iiiM.m. 

8<>iitlii'.i..t  Colvo*  Ko«'k WNW.  N.-arl.v  J  mil.'. 

TiiliilNiiiit .si:.  I.y  .S.  t  8.  Iii.il.v 

8j»w mill  at  li.'a.l  «(  t.iiy S.  l.y  \V.  J  W.  H  iiiil>-.t- 

T»U  Point,  bluck  buoy S.  l-y  K.  f  iml.'i(. 

TAI.A   I'OINT   ni'OY. 

Tills  buoy  ha.s  lK>en  placed  on  the  northwest  point  of  the  lianl  sand  bank  or  iia,  ni.ikai;'"';: 

tlireeei^'hths  of  a  mile  th  northwest  from  Tala  Point.     It  is  n  Jirxt  ihixn  npiirhiioii  p.i'    ■<■!  Wmi 

anil  nuiiiliirnl  |.  It  is  placed  in  l."i  feet  of  water  over  hard,  sandy  bottmii  and  marks  {]„■  >..iitii.ni 
edp'  of  the  channel  across  the  fonrfatlnun  bar  to  the  entrance  to  Port  Ludlow.  From  ii  «c  li.Hf 
the  follow  ill};  beariiif^s  and  tlistanceH  to  Imiate  it: 

8iiw-inilliri  till-  l.cii.l  of  lliobny ^-  '•>  W    '  W.  1}  iiiilr*. 

Ea..t  tiiii«iMil  Talii  I'l.iiil •**'•   *  ''^  '  '"il"'- 

8«iiitlir!i«t  »  i.lvcw  tJ.wk NW.  *  N.  J  iiiil.v 

ColvoN  l{.«k,  n-.l  biiiiy  N.  by  W.  "  iiiilr. 

Ktoolwcftlber  Uliifl-,  bliuW  buoy NK.  }  K.  ■.•4iih1.m. 


iltli  si)iiliii-a>I  liir 


PACiKir  roAsT  ni.uT.  q^i 

Til.'  jn'oKraplii.-iil  position  ..C  tlio  siiwi ,,i  j-.Mt    l.iuli„«,  ;,s  .l..|..riiiiiu..l  l.v  ll,r  II.  S.  Coast 

iiitl  <i It'tif  Hiirvoy,  is: 

'■""«"""'" f.-J      1„.,VI.-      „,.,, 

<"•.  '"• -    1„     i;iM 

lii.famian,  1. HS.",,  tlio  ina},'iifti<-  variation  was  L'-o  lit' ,Mst.  uiih  an  iinnnal  .Irnvas..  of  0'.r>. 
Tlic  niaxiiniiiii  ••asltrlv  variation  was  passcil  a  lew  \imis  iMtniv  iIimI  ihii.'. 

niis  lit  I'oit  /.»,//«„•.— Thf  ronv.-tf.i  Kslalijisliiurnl.  (.1    an    iiil.iv:.!  1,,  hvr.ii  tlir  tinir  of 

ilic  niooii'H  transit  ami  liii-  tinu'  01  lii;;li  waii  r,  is  \  \  |i'  ■Si"'. 

To  asn-rtain  tin-  tiinr  ami  h('i;;lil  of  cvciy  Inlr  tliic.ui;li,.iit  ih..  y.u-  .nnsnli  |i„-  rariijc  Tide 
i.ilijfs,  |iul)lislif<l  annnall.v  It.v  Ilic  f.  S.  Coasi  ami  (i Iiijc  Siii\,.\. 

Vancoiivfi- denotes  lliis  hay  on  iiiseiiail,  ImiI  lie  ni.iixev  im  i.l.i.  me  i.>  ii  in  lii>  narrative,  and 
,i|i|>lies  no  name  to  it, 

I'orl  Lmilow  has  always  lieen  an  irn|H>il:inl  Inniliei  in-  |.|;ire,  and  Im-  s.Mne  years  iliere  was  a 
|,ii-e  slilp  IniildinK  estal.lislimeni  at  liie  liead  nl'  tji.'  1m\  .  ili.'  Him  ^i,.,imi  l.n.n  Lmlt  m  these  waters 
\\,.s  lannelied  here  in  IS(il».  In  later  \ ears  oni>  liini.  110111  IST;  to  jssi.  limit  iliirtyone  vessels, 
liavin>;a  total  tonna;;e  of  six  thoiisaml  nine  liinnireil  ami  one  tons,  cif  whj,  h  tlie  lar;;est  was  fonr 
hiimlretl  and  seventy-one  tons  iHiideti. 

Aliout  II  inilo  from  the  mill   there  is  an  ;iiii|ile  w.iierjHiwer  with  an  avaiialile  iieail  of  eighty 

let. 

Tin-  harbor  received  its  presenl  nann-  Irom  lii.'  Initr.l  Stales  lAplm  in;;  lAiieililion  in  1,S41. 

Milts  niii!.i  Imiil  hiiilMir.—\)\\  \\u-  mntii  side  of  r.,i.-,;ii  Toinl,  ami  hetweeii  it  ami  Oleie  Point, 
wlii.'h  is  the  siMithern  Itoumlary  o/  Oak  (',,\,.,  there  is  the   narrow  mouth  >>{'  a  small  lioat  liarhor; 

il Ill  ranee  to  it  is  over  half  a  mile  Ion;;,  ami  hIioiii    uw,-  hiiiidn  iI  >;iids  wide,     li  sijiis  in  on  a 

MPiiIliwest  l»y  west  eoiirse  tor  one  i|iMiter  of  a  iiide,  and  the ikes  ;i  sinldeii  turn  In  the  soiilli  lor 

one  third  of  a  mile.  At  this  turn  the  eliannel  is  ol)>tiiieied  li>  roeks,  and  laiiies  only  three  feetof 
water. 

r.eyond  that  tlio  dianncl  deepens,  and  in  l!ie  haihcir  the  deptii  rin-es  toiwo  fathoms.  The 
extent  of  the  harltor,  which  is  Itoidered  liy  a  Inoad  hiw  water  lieacii,  is  alxiiit  three  iinaiters  of  a 
mile  north  northwest  and  .soiithsoiitheast,  liy  one-third  oi  ;i  mile  in  width. 

Oil' the  inotith  of  this  harhor  lies  the  Klas  lloek,  one  i{iiartei'  ol  ;i  mile  to  the  east  iiortheaat. 
This  roek  has  heeii  already  descnlieil.  The  depth  o|  the  uatei  between  the  reek  and  the  shore  is 
sixteen  fathoiii.s,  with  si.v  fathoms  elo.se  to  the  month  of  .Mats-mats. 

nooD'ti  IIEAU. 

This  is  the  island-llko  mass  on  the  western  side  of  Hood's  (^inal.  three  miles  inside  of  Foul- 
Weather  ItliitV.  It  isalioiit  three  ipnirters  of  a  mile  Ion;,'  north  liy  W('>r  ami  .south  hv  east,  and  three- 
ei;;htlisof  a  mile  wide.  It  is  Joiin'tl  to  the  wesiein  main  shoie  by  a  low. narrow  strip  of  s;iml>  beach 
half  a  mile  Ion;;,  which  has  moderately  deep  wateron  the  iiortli  side  and  a  eonti  acted  shallow  cove  en 
the  south.  A  ves.sel  may  anchor  to  the  northwestwaid  of  the  head  in  lilteeti  latlioins  of  water,  over 
iiiiiddy  bottom,  at  onetliird  of  a  mile  from  theshor(>. 

The  north  face  of  the  head  is  a  very  steep,  bare  elitf,  nearly  three  ei;;liths  of  a  mile  froiitago 
e.ist  and  west,  and  the  stnitli  face  is  a  romidiii;;.  Iii;;h,  bare  clilV. 

.Ml  behind  the  clitVs  Is  covered  with  Oie;;on  pine.  .Vt  the  notheast  point  of  the  lie.al  a  low, 
■s.indy  point  makes  ont  three  liiindred  yards  and  terminates  in  a  vi'ry  sharp  point  :  towards  the 
lii;.dier;;roniHl  the  p()iiit  is  marshy.  This  is  I'oint  lliiiiiini:.  and  nil  it  deep  water  is  I'mind  with 
stroll;;  swirlin;;  currents. 

I'rom  I'uiiit  llannoii  the  black  bimy  otV  Tila  Point  bears  noitliwest  by  west  (N'W.  by  W.) 
three  and  -inedialf  miles  ;  ihe  low  point  inside  of  !  cnilweatln  1  I'dutl  iiuithw.'si  by  north,  one  third 
iM.ilh  (NW.  by  N.  |\  N.)  two  and  tliree-ipiarter  miles,  ami  the  saw  null  of  Port  Ciamliie  .smith- 
e.i>t  Ibnr  lifths  eiist  (S.  K.  J  K.)  two  and  oin' third  miles.  The  width  of  the  eliannel  abreast  thks 
point  is  only  one  and  one  lift li  miles. 

We  e.\auiiiieJ  aud  uauiud  Hood's  llead  in  IS.Jii;  11  was  noted  by  Vancouver  in  ITDi',  but  not 
uumud. 


I  I 


I  I 


632 


PACIKir   COAST    ril.oT. 


u 


If 


?•:« 


bill,  If   m  1^' 

ILW  'ITv  111''' ) ' 


It  :* 


I 


tU' 


'^1! 


'I  111.' 


POUT   (iAMIII.K. 

TIiIh  \>*  tlio  Hocond  linrlwr  iiisiilc  tlic  tiitnuHi-  ti»  II I'n  ruiial.     It  is  on  tlic  c^^t  si<lr 

t'liiiiil,  anil  the  mills,  Klii|.s,  :mtl  liiiililiiij;s  i»i««  sct'ii  tniiii  nml  cliiiiiiicl  west  «»r  r.iiilwi'.iili.  i 
llvt«  aiul  oiii-  liail'iiiiU'H  to  tlu'  HoiithcaHt.  In  rlcai  wtMtlicr  it  is  st-tii  as  a  <l«'|tr»'KHinn  in  tl . 
lino. 

Port  <ianil>lt'  is  a  laiuMofkcil  hay  two  antl  one  tliini  inilrs  Ion;;  norlli  noitliwfsi  an.!  .,,iit|, 
wintin-ast.  with  a  ncailv  nnilorm  wlillli  of  live  ci;:!!! lis  of  a  iiiiU-.  It  narrows  at  lli.  .  i.n.,,,,.,. 
Ih'twiM'ii  two  low,  grassy  saml  s|>its  onl>  IIikc  liiinilinl  vanls  apart,  ami  with  a  fliaiiiK-l  v,i\  „| 
ono  liiimliol  ami  IwtMity  .vanls  width  iM'lwffii  tile  tlircft'allioiii  lines.  Tin'  dt't'insl  wah  i  m  il,.. 
bay  ix  nine  t'lliioms,  ami  it  may  Im-  said  to  havf  a  marly  iinirorm  dt'i>tli  of  livt-  taihoiiis.  <  )|,  ii,,, 
<-ast*'rii  |>oint  tlii-n- IS  an  Imlian  \illa;,'<'.  (hi  tin-  wivstmi  |ioint  ot  tlit*  cntram-**  j^  siinn,.!  ii,,. 
pn-at  sawmill ;  and  tin'  l)iiildiii;;s  iiai-h  to  thi<  rise  ol  tlir  Mull  to  the  westward.  The  »li  iim.»,.ii 
the  westt'.n  point  are  luiilt  out  so  that  vessels  have  dt  ep  water  lietwi'en  tlieiii  and  I'ast   j.     i. 

At  the  saw  mill  the  eseapiiii:  steam  ami  siiioUe  is  a  ;:ood  mark  lor  the  plaee ;  tin  f  i<  i|..i,i 
diUHtaiit  smoke  ;;oiii;;  up  from  the  iMiriiiiiy; '•  s|al»  |»iU',"  even  if  the  mill  Im-  imi  niiiniii.,.  fli. 
steam  and  smoke  are  ilistineily  visilih-  finm  part  of  I'ort  Tow iiseml.  over  tlu'  low  islliiinis  liit,vcii 
that  bay  and  Oak  <'o\e. 

Outside  ot  th<>  eiitranee  |o  the  bay  there  is  a  lianl  saml  tlat  on  cither  side ;  that  troin  iln  ci^i 
shore  reaehes  we-^twaid  three  hundred  yards;  that  on  the  we>t  stretrlies  out  iioiih  l»y  \\i-i  iimi, 
the  mill  parallel  with  the  east  .slime,  llelween  these  two  llats  is  the  <lianiiel  wa.\,  niiielv  \;ir.l> 
vide  between  the  three  fat Immii  curves. 

Wes.waid  of  tin'  eiitraner  for  one  and  oneei;;lilli  of  a  mile  there  is  a  rpiiiarkabl>  .-.ii.n-i' 
shoreline,  partly  elitl'  and  p:>rlly  low  ;;roiiiid,  towards  the  west,  where  Salsbnry  i'oiiit  lllalk^  liu' 
turn  of  the  shore  line  to  the  soiithward. 

Vessels  from  the  I'cirthwaid  after  leaving  Mariowstime  Point  pass  Nixliile  Point,  si\  iinl.  <  iiim, 
Ponlweatlier  ItliitV.  "ii  a  soiithweNl  by  south  one  fourth  smith  eourse  (S\V.  by  S.  J  S.),  sieiru  -  hi\ 
niMMTs  i'l.'id  if  \>  is  reeo;;ni/.ed.  This  roiirse  pas>es  more  than  a  mile  to  the  westward  ni  I'mi!- 
Wt'atlier  I'.liilV,  and  nearly  half  wa\  between  I'luilwcather  Itlull'  buoy  and  t'oUos  l.'oek  1>iim\. 

After  passin;;  Ponlweatln  r  I'.lutV  keep  elos.-r  to  the  eastern  shore  than  to  the  we>ti  in  i..  iv.imI 
the  stron;;  and  irre;;iilar  eiirreiit  passiii;;  aioiiiid  the  low  point,  which  iiiaki  s  out  two  liniiiiir'i  niil 
scMiity  live  y.irds  eastward  from  Hood's  Head.  Then  run  for  the  saw  mill  plainly  in  si;;lii  .ii  tin 
west  side  of  the  eiiir.ime,  and  when  within  a  mile  of  it  approach  the  eastern  shore  within  om  ilinl 
of  a  mile.  When  it  is  fo^'K'y  or  smoky  steam  boats  p't  their  distance  from  the  shore  b>  iIk  <iU 
of  their  whistles. 

Outside  of  this  entrance  t!ie  bottom  i..*  Nti' liy  out  to  tlfteei'  fathoms;  beyond  that  ii  l.tlUcil 
raiudly.  .\  \essel  may  anchor  in  ('i^ht  fallioms.  w  iih  the  mill  bearinji  soiiMisouthcasl.  ■il^l:lll! 
three  (jiiarlers  of  a  mile,  and  the  eastern  shore  distant  iline  ei^ilitlis  of  a  mile. 

When  a  small  ves.sel  inpiiii;;  in  she  must  have  either  pood  hK'al  kiiowledp-of  the  dianii.  I  .iixl 
natural  ranges  or  must  keep  the  lead  ^oiii;;  smaitlv. 

in  summer  the  wiml     n rally  blows   into  f.e  harlwir  liKhlly  ;  in  w  inter  the  soutlinsi  j.il.s 

I)revail  and  draw  direi-tly  «Mit.     When  entcriii^  iimler  sail  a  vessel  must  drop  in  wiili  lii.  .,ii,\ 

Hood.     Loaded  vessels  ai«i  towed  in  ami  out  by  thetiij;;  when  withmit  the  tii;;,  they  n,ii>l  «  nj i 

in  summer  with  the  last  of  the  ebb  or  trust    to  a  li;;lif  southerly  air  in  the  morninj.',  w itli    i:i    '" 
enrreiit.     N.uie  but  small  smartly  workiii;;  vessids  can  beat  out,  ami  very  few  of  tlieiii  li.iv.    .Imii, 

so  w  ithin  cha I  limits.      When  a  small  vessel  is  be.itiii;;  out  she  should  ;;o  out  on  lli.-  .  Iii'. 

Inside  the  saw  mill  and  Indian  village  points  there  is  pH)d  water  in  the  mid  channel  lor  itl,.' 

a^'c.     <»ii  the  western  siile  ther.'  was  foiineily  a  cub  in  Ihr iiid  a  half  fathoms  of  w.itcr.  .im.iimI 

which  a  shoal  has  formed,  with  only  ten  to  tlfteeii  teet  of  water;  between  this  crib  and  Ilic  Imp!" 
wharf  there  is  from  seventeen  to  twenty  two  feet  of  water;  if  a  vessel  has  to  anchor,  -Ik 
so  ,iiist  beycnnl  this  crib  in  live  fathoms  of  water  over  soft,  muddy  boltoui. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  steam  boat  wharf,  which  lies  nearly  north  ami  south,  tin  iv  is  a  .t-  \'\\<   ' 

live  to  twenty  two  leet,  th«  shoaler  water  lieini;  at  the tli  cnl.     On  the  south  sid.'of  the  "Im:'. 

where  the  liimb.-r  vessels  lie  t4.  receive  their  cargoes,  there  is  a  d.'pth  of  twent\  one  to  iweni>.  I"iii 
feet  at  twenty  feet  Irom  the  wharf. 

Inside  <.f  the  steam  lH)at  wharf,  with  an  «.p«'"i"K  '"  "'♦■  northward,  there  is  a  "t;ridii..i,.    ii 

which  small  ve^s».Is  are  taken  out  ut  high  water  for  reitair  or  eiammatiou.    It  has  iwehc  id  oi 
walur  uu  it  ut  iiigli  waUtr. 


I'Acinc  ciiNsr  iMi.iir. 


n|   si. I.    ,i   ||„. 
wi'.iIIm     l.'iil, 

Ml    III    tl   '     ;,,i,  ^l 

<>i  mil'  vMiili 

lllr    I  ■  ■i.iiiir 

'Imiiii'        i\  III 

<i   \\.ii.    .11  III,. 

lli(iiii>.     t  hi  III,. 

I  <    silii  iUmI  i|„, 
III'    W  lj  II  ■.■'•.  I  III 

K.isf    I',    M. 
Illfl"    I .    i|„,  ,| 
llllllllli.        III,. 

NtlllllU>     III    I    .\<   I'll 

t     IVoIll    ■  111'  l',l>| 
til    \<\-    V\i  -I   til  III! 

i\ ,  iiiiii':  <  N.iiiN 

irkalilv  >iriiij.'lit 
*oillt    111,11  Ks  Till' 

It,  si\  mill's  tnnii 

S. ).  .sll'.-rill;;  fur 
'.stWMliI   I 'I    l'"ii|i'- 

IflK'K    llU'i\. 

Wotrlll  'ii  .iXiilil 
|\Mi  lltlllilli  il  .ll:il 
Iv  ill  si;;lil  'III  till' 
>  vvitlilli  iMll  tllMll 
lliilc  li\    1 1,1    nlm 

I  til, it  II  iJiN  I'll 
(illtlu'ii.sl.  ili^Iaii! 

r  til)'  t'll:iliM  I  .il.il 

I'  Sdlltlli'.I^I   L.lli'-'" 

ill  Willi  llir  fai!\ 

l'\     lllll>l     VKll| t 

in;;,  Willi  ;iii  '-li'i 
tht'iii  li.i'i I   ilmii' 
III  IIk'  I  I'll. 
laiiiit'l  till  .ii'dim 

III"    walrl  .  .llllllllli 

II  ami  till  liiiiilii'i 
iclior,  slir  <all  <li' 

liciT  is  a  ill  pill  "I 
siili'dt'tlii'  uii.iil, 
nil-  til  MMlil'.  Imir 


Tlif  slion-s  (if  the  liiiy  an-  stiM.|..  Imt   m.t  ln^^h,  ;,,|,|  .,,,.  |„,|,|,,,,,,|  | 


iiiVrriii;;  ('apital  cliatin's  I'nr  lu'iixiii;:  ilnwn  a  \i'>s*>l 

riif  K»'(iHia|iliic,il   |iii>itii>ii  (if  till'  la.slfiii   |>ail   ul   ilir  ini 
('(ia.-»l  ami  (icddftit!  Siii'\i'\    \s: 


>>  II  saiiil  anil  |M'lili!y  lii-ail, 


i.iiicc,  a.s  lii'icjiiiiiii'ij  ||^  til,,   r,  s. 


I.lltltllilr 


Liili^llllilii 
Or,  III  lllllr 


i:     .-it 


IIOIlll. 


{•j-i    :ii  -ji  .0  «,.»!. 
■"■    1 1T".-I. 


II  .liimiarv,  l.'^H.'i,  tlii>  iiiai'iictir  \ariati 


li:ill  a  tiiiiiutii;   till'  iiiaMiiiiiiii  vaiiatinn  |i;i,|  Im.,.||  narliiil  a  I 
Thr   TiiliM  at   I'mt   (/((m/i/c— 'I'lic  riiriccinl    |;x|,ili||,,| 

MiiMiu'.s  tiaiisit  anil  liir  tiiiii'nr  hi^li  watrr,  i>  \\  I    : 
To  as('i>i'taiii  tlictinic  anti   lii'i;:lil  hI'cM'in  tiilr  ilimi 


••a-i.  vMtli  an  aiiiiii.il  ilciicasc  cil' aliout 


i'»   Nral's  cai  lii'i. 


Illll'll',    II'      nil. Ill     lllll'l\;l|     liclWO'II     till 


lijcs,  iHilili.oliiMl  aiiiiiiailv  li>   ijit-  1'.  S.  Coast  anil  (it'iiilitii'  Sn 


i;;liiiiil   llic  veal,  ciiii.inli  llic  I'ucitic  Tiilo 


Till' .saw  iiiiil  at  I'liil  (lanililc  is  tlir  largest 


iimi    Ihc   most    ithcllM'   III   till'  Tillitol'V.alitlli: 


rcai'lu'd  an   iint|int  of  omt  lincii  inliln.ns  of  li.  i  of  liiinin'i'  |nr  iirmtli.  ami  lias  rcaclinl  liirci 


IH 


iiiiliril   anil  tiltv  tlionsaiiil    t'ci't    of  Inniln'r   in    l\M'iit\  foi 


II  liiiiir-.  Willi  ilir  I'.iit  l.inllow  and 
I  i>alail.v  nulls  uikIit  tlir  saiiir  eoniiiaiiv ,  tin-  oiii|iiit  is  sixty  niillioiis  let  of  ihi'sscil  and  mi- 
ilii'-scd  IninlitT  ptT  .vrar,  iM'sidcs  vast  ijiiaiiiiii.'s  of  laths.  sliiii;;li's.  .'ir.  A  lar;:('  ainonnt  of  tliu 
liiiiilirr  and  roii;;li  spais  is  canifil  to  Aiistialia  ami  llii' Samlw  irii  Mainl-. 


l''roiii  tills  piaiT  a  road  lias  lircn  inailr  to  llic  A;:aii'    1' 


i-,>a"i'  al    Hit'  MniiliMc 


Miili.son,  mid  miotlicr  tn  tlu' NVasliinylnii  .s.iw  mill  at  ■■sfalni  I,  lliiiliui,  in  I  IniiilV  <  anal 


't   pait  of  I'ort 


Tli<>  Indian  iiainc  ol'tlic  wi'stmi  point  ut   tin'  i  nn 
III  l>\  tlial  iianic  lor  soint<  tiiiir. 


imc  to  i|ii>  lia\  i>  'lie  K.i  III,  iiiiil  the  plaeo 


'I'lif  liav  rticrivcd  its  present  name  tioin  the  Tiiited  Stales  i:\pliiiiiin  I'AjHilition  in  l.sn.  It  in 
plieed  on  Vaneiiiivcr's  chart,  Inil  he  did  imi  enter  it  or  name  ii. 

.•<i,it  AMISlt    lIAIti'iiU. 

Tlio  jiniiit  on  the  western  shore  nearly  one  mile  v,ini||  ,,|  Hood's  Ilcinl  is  'rermination  Point, 
with  hi;:li,  wooded  land  luhind  it.  and  a  low.  iiiiiou  liiarli  in  fmnl. 

.\t  Terinination  Point  tiie  siioie  inntiiiiii'^  Nniitliuoi  foi  neail\  mii' iinli',  ami  linn  .•.weeps  wcst- 
si  lilt  h  west  lor  two  miles,  to  tiie  iiead  nl'  .Si|ii;inii^li  i'.a,\ .  I'loin  llii>  iieail  of  the  hav  I  lie  west  siioro 
nin>  sontlieasl  for  twd  miles,  tiiiis  fm  mm;;  a  l.ii  ue  liiaiiL;n!ar  open  liay  wiili  moiliiately  low  siiores, 
a  low  vallevand   s  .    am  at  the  iieail.  ami    in.irsli\  1  ind    iiinlei    tin-  .-.linn,  w  iih  m  'moad  lowwater 


•h.     A  1 


ir;;e  .sain 


liani; 


parallel   with   the  west  Mile,  one  mill' 


lull;:  aiiil  mai  l\   half  a  mile  w  ide, 


lies  w  itiiiii  one  tliird  of  a  mile  of  the  we  t  shore.  'I'lieie  is  a  sixfathoin  ehanml  inside  of  this  shoal, 
ami  ai'oiind  the  north  end. 

»)n  tiie  east  side  of  this  siioal,  and  iimler  the  imiili  shore,  and  ai'io>s  the  moiilli  of  the  hay, 
ilieie  is  yoiid  water.  In  tliieU  weatiier  llie  a|i|iiii,i('lii  s  to  ilie  shoal,  which  is  in  ]iart  liaro,  arc 
ili'iceted  liy  tlie  lead  ;  the  soiindin;;s  dceicaM'  w  itii  lair  ic;;iil.iiil\  ;  Iroiii  twenty  t'atlmms  tlie  liottniii 
i>  muddy. 

l''ioiM  Ti'i'iiiiiiatioii  Point  the  teiifathnins  cni\c  runs  marly  soiiili  tin  three  i|iiarters  of  a  mile, 
III  the  two  rocKs  called  Ihr  SLstns.  which  lie  iiorili  and  soiiih  of  each  other. 

Tlicse  roclxs  are  four  linndred  and  Iweiiiy  yaids  Immd  oil' the  .mhiiIi  lace  nf  Termination  Point, 
.mil  aie,  tlieieforc,  near  one  ijliai  ter  the  w  iill  h  nf  llicch,iiiiicl  finiii  llie  wolci  n  slioie.  I'laeli  is  about 
line  hiindred  .mil  lifly  yards  in  extent,  and  they  aie  covered  al  half  tide:  Ihc  tide  laiiK'"'  I'' '"'  ten 
III  twelve  leet.  They  lie  iiortii  imi  iheast  and  .south-.soiithwcst  from  each  other,  and  me  eiH:lity 
Minis  apart.  There  is  a  depth  of  .'mvcii  lallionis  hctweeii  them,  ami  umid  wan  r  all  .iidiind  them, 
Tlieir  walls  are  Imld,  and  they  are  niarl>ed  liy  a  palcli  of  kel|>  around  them. 

The  southern  rock  lies  one  and  one  ihinl  miles  tioiu  Salsliury  Point  .mil  oiietiftli  of  a  luile 
imm  Terniinjition  Point. 

Tlie.sc  rocks  arc  iilso  kiiowti  as  the  Sipiiiinish  Itocks. 

Tho  north  shore  of  the  harlior  is  called  Vnlkat  P.liill'. 

Thf  hIioiiI  ill  tin*  west  part  of  tbe  Larbor  is  known  as  Case's  Buuk. 


ii  i 


•>i 


ij'' 


N 


II 


n- 


"<iridiiiiii."'n'iiii 

lUH  twehe  In  I  111' 


ii': 


m 


f.3» 


rACIlIC    rii\M    I'll.iil 


ll 


SKAIIKCK    II AV, 


.Smtliwanl  In.iii  'l".Tniinalioii  hikI  Salslmn  |-.iiiii>  ilir  canal  iiiiis  lor  twt'Ivi-  mil 


li.\  ui'Ml  iliitrtinii,  »illi  a  ;.'i'iitial  wkIiIihI 


t'llr  aiitl  tiiif  hall  riillivs.  ;;im(|ii,iII>  tltTira.Mii-  Intl 


<•■<  111    1  -.Mill, 


II    canal.      The  >lMirc->  aic  Imlil,  ami 


of  the  'roaiKlos   rciiin.^ula.  on  the  ucst  shIc  ot   t| 
Malcr  close  niitlcr  thcin,  ami  no  know  n  ilan^cr. 

Tlic  lioltoni  laiiKi'M  IVoni   (liirt.v   rallnnns  in  ilcpth  to  .sc\cnl\  luo  at  ll 
tin-  cnricnirt  arc  stion);. 

The  eastern  point  of  the  Ttmndos  I'cniiisula  is  //,(,-,/  l'i„,it,^  ami  lnic  ili 
tion  nearly  Kontliuest  \>\  west  for  live  niilcs.     Inihi  tlic  eastern  s| ,i| 


ilii  ll 


ic  narrowest   |iii 


e  caii.il  \.d 


I  III--  icarli.  iiml 
icininoNi  iMiciiiits  of  'ioantliis  I'ciiMiMila,  Ins  ihe  1 


alireawt   <f,il,  llnul,  which  is  the  soiitl 
Sealieck.     This  lia.v   is  ;!ii   inilcntalioii  nl   alioni  one  mile  in  a  suuiImiU  iI 
open  til  the  north  li.\  east.      Al  itsiiaimw   In  ail  ihi  ic  is  the  nnmi  li  of 
siile  of  the  liav  the  shore  is  niiHleiateh   U 


M  s  ,1  ilii,.,. 


IITI' 


I. II  'M'I    m| 

iiiclioe.  ami  is  tli<  kIipi,. 


I  small  stieam.     <  Mi 


w  ;   on    the   west    Ihcie   is   a    li>li>:   point  whiih   |(.pi>t|, 


11     !-•    Cilllll.iili 


pmteetion  to  the  lia\.     On   tl Iil  ehaits  this  pioji  ition  was  <  alli  tl  Si  :ilii  i  k   I'mni:  on  ih 

ones  It  i.s   nailleil    I'oint    .Misel>.      At    the   elitraiice    the    liaihor    is   ini.ie    tlian    I  hlce  i|iiai  l. 

mile  wiile,  with  tifleen  talhoiiis  over  san(l>  liottoiii   in  the  iiiiihlle;  neai  the  licail  ii 

hill  a  tlepth  of  ti\e  fallioms  ol  wain  is  eariieil  well  up  to  the  mill,  which  is  on  the  i  a^h m  .  ,1, , 

The  j;<'i';.'"i'l'lii*iil  poNilion  of  Toint    Mi.serv  ax  (leterniineil  li\    the  I  .  S.  <  oast  ami  ( , 

Survey,  ih: 

I-iIiIihIi" i:     ;i'.i    I-   .;l  ii.iili 

I tfiliiili' I-,'-.'      yj     IJ   .-   n.si 

There  i.s  a  mix  lai >."' "^Ji^*  mill  ♦•stahlisheil  here,  ami  in  ISS.".  the  monthls  oiilpiii  wasnMi,,;,, 
inilliiin  feel  of  liimliei,  liesiiles  hit  lis,  sliin;.'leN,  etc.;   \essels  are  |ov\i<|  in  ami  mil  of  Ijonil'v  I  m, 

This  lia\  was  furimilv  ealliil  llahainish  Mailioi.)  Imi  the  nanie  wasc|ian;:eil  to  ."^ea'  eel.  i  \  i|. 
Kelt  lets  w  hell  lhe\  Imill  the  III  si  s.iw  null  lieie.  The  hailior  is  iiotcil  on  \°alicon>er's  cliai  I  Nii;  i,, 
tliii  not  enter  it  or  ^i\c  it  any  name. 

IIAZKl.   rolNT. 


t'i 


Ikfii 


This  IS  the  sonlheasteriiniost  |iro|ecliiin  of  the  Toamlns  I'eiiinsiila,  ami  is  Ihice  ami  him  iImiI 
miles   north   iioilhea.st    (NNIv)   Iroin    I'oint    Miserx  ;  ami   one   ami    Iwothmls    miles   mniir  i:" 
ilej:rees  east  (N.  ."'H     I''.|l'rotn   Oak    lleail.  which   is  the  sonlhei  iimost   e\tiemil\  nt   llic  pinn-n:  i 
Tliere  is  very  ili-ep  waterclo.se  oil  it.  ami  the  ca  lal  is  here  jiist  a  tiitle  o\er  one  mile  wiilc.     |i  i^  in— 
l.iitittiili- IT     11    :il  .'.'  iinrili. 


i>ii;:ilnili' 


11  .:.  wiht 


N'liticoiiver  applied  the  nnmo  to  tlio  cxtreinit.v  of  tlii>  peiiiiisiila. 


OAK    IIKAll. 


Jl 


This  is  the  Nnkalow  ap  I'oint  of  the  older  charts  ;  it  is  the  sontlieriiinost  piojccliiin  ol  I 
l'«-liinsiila.  ll  is  lii;,'li  and  ahriipl.  w  ith  deep  water  close  iimler  the  shore,  ll  is  almost  I  \ 
north  lioiii  roiiil  Miser\.  with  sixty  lallioiiis  of  water  in  mid  channel. 

It  isin  latitude  17     to'  .'>7  .1  north.     \  aiiconyer  placed  it  in  latitude  17    .ill  iioiili.  ainl  ' 
it  Hazel  I'oint.  on  accouiil  of  the  man\  hazel  trees  foand  llieie. 

risliirvKiit's   l'„iii. — .Inst  on  the  east  side  ol  Oak  Mead  Iheie  is  a  Ion;:,  narrow  cove  m.ii. 
to  the  northweit  liy  west  for  three  ipiarters  (da  mile.     There  is  a  little  spit  at  the  west  siili 
cntraiiee,  and  the  water  is  not  deep. 

DAIIOP    11 A  V. 


The  southern   extremity  of  Toandos   reiiinsiihi  is  Oak   Head,  whence  the  shore   rim- 

northwest  lor  a  mile,  and  then  nearlv  Ih  by  west   for  nine  miles,  with  a  Inoad  ainiol    H^ 

<'anal  extendiii;;  that  far  in  and  endiii;.'  in  two  sni 


ater,  and  yery  hit.'li  hills  on 


idlei  arms.     This  l>a,\  has  very  hold  s|ii>i> 
the   west  side.     The  wt-stern  arm   al    the  north   is  named  i.'i 


'It  psialli.l  S.uImm  li  llailiiT  l..\  I  .  S.  Eilili'tiiij!  i;\|»-ililiiiii,  l«ll  ;  also  .S»  iil»«  k  r.iuit. 
I  NiiilH'il  !•>   \:iiiriiiiviT  Ml  IT'.hi. 
tU.  H.  KxpIurliiK  Kxiifililiiiii,  IMl. 


:iliil  i>  tliiicldrc 


^«  lilrli    liiiii>'>  ll. 


|ll  I'  IjllMI  ll  I  ~   ..|  .1 

ll     I-    I'Mlili.!,  till. 


Xn's  rli;i|  I.  Imi;  III' 


iiiilcs   iioiili   \i\'\ 

111    till'    |irlilll»llhl. 

ll'  uiilt'.     1 1  i>  in— 


Irctiiill  of  Tii.llMJ 


\V  CIIVI'    III, Ik  nil'  III 


s  iiMliiril  f.hiilrii  I' 


PAciric  roAsr  rii.uT. 


(;;;,■ 


r.,IV,illiil  is  sliillltiw  iiliil  niill'sliN  :it  tlir  In  nil.  win  if  ll 


till-   li-rt   liailU  ol    I'll;;   IIJM  r.      'I'lir  lii|;:r  liiiiiiiil.iiii  >t 

MiirllM'iisI  IliinU  <il   MiMiiii  riiii.vtiiinr  li\  i\M,  iiiliiii 


i<  II'  1^  it  '.III. ill  Mllliiiiriil.  r.illn|()||i| 


iTIir,  nil 


I  lKl>  III'llll.V   Illlllwil.V  til  I'lilt    |)|.srii\ 
I  lisnivi'l.V. 


II  Mill   llllllllrj   t.lMlll.ll,.    I^n    liiis    jls  IIM'  III   rill 
""^•■"I'l'i  lliil'l    llll.lit;il.V  ciiiiii's  rinlii  ;i  |,ir-( 


rl,\.  :iliil   lii',iil\   ll  ;i(  In  .,  CiniKii    | 


iiki'.  wliiili  t'lii|itii'M  iiilo  I'ldt 


Tlio  jii'ojiriipliii'iil  |iii.sitiiiii  nl  <.iiiilii'iii..  ,i 


■"''"■''■' 'I    '•>    III.-  I.  S.  r.Msl    ;i!i.|  (ii'iiilrlirSur- 


l.utlllllll'  . 
I.lllll{illllll' 


i:    ir.  i: 


Till'  IllllimljlillS   Mil-    1\MI  finillsilllll    six   lillliiliill    In  l     |||m| 


>\rst  .sjinli'.      'rili'si'iiri'  tlli>  .lll|i||i'r  Hills,  mIhmiIn    II 


.1  ..I  .1 


I,    Wlllnil    nil.-    ;||m|    ;|    li.ilr    mill's    III'    III. 


irllllnliril. 


.Mni'iisi  III"  On  U  Ill-ill  I,  oil  till'  NM^t  siiji'  111"  |»nlMi|p  |;.i\.  till'  /'/ 


l<  iiiii'il  11  lliit  ili'lta  iiiiil  ;i  IhimiI  slmil  iii  liiml.     Tiiis  slinnl  is  two  mil 


SI  11-11 II I ji^  Uir,  ,■  i'iii|iin's,  Mini  h 


itli  ili'i'p  MiitiT  L'losi-  ii|i  til  It.     IJi'twi'l'ii  tins  .slmai  iiml  T>kiilsl,it  I 


ill's  lull::  :im|  li.iir  a  mi|,.  u  iilc, 


iiiijos  I't'iiiiiMiilii  ami  oiii'  111 


ill'  wist  ol  Oak  ilt'aij.  till'  \Milili  nfilii'  I 


oiiil,  till'  inaii'si   ji.iit  III'  till- 


nil 


lis,  ami  till- ilrjitll  of  wati'l-  IS  i'i-|it\    l:illnims.  oM'I   |iiii,|i|\    linii 


lllll.     (. 


till'  imuiiilaiiis  iisi>  to  mil' tlioiisaml  llw  liiimlii'ij  am)   |,,ri\   | 


l,\  IS  olii-aml  si'M'ii  i'i;;|itlis 
I  I'llllIT  siili'  i,[  tins  I  iviT 


ll  fi'i't  Nvltliiii  oiii>  ami  mil' li.ilf  iiiiii's,     'I'l 


I  rl.  ami   to  tuo  ilioiisaiiil  tlinr  Iniii' 


lis  stii'.nii  liiiak-  lliinii-li  111,.  Ml iiaiiis  Ir tin-  I'ast 


ill'  of  Mount  Coiistaiiri'.  ami  on  a  ii'iini  ma  pot'  tin'  'ri'iiiioi\  jt  is  lalliil 


//i.oi/'.v  ('((/(((/,  (i(////HH((/.—Siiiitliw, ml  fiinn    I'lpiiii  Mi> 
iii'arl.N    a  Ntiai;;lit    liiii'  soiitli    twotliinls  wrst    lur   iwini 
Mvi'ia;;!' uiillli  of  OIII-  ami  a  i|iiartrr  iiiili's.     It   lias  holil. 
I. mil  of  the  (iii-at  IViinisiila  Iti'iii;;  of  iiioili'i.ui'  hri-ht  ;   tin-  wrstiiii  laml  ij-iii"  holilj 


III'  S\  lopisli  ( 'icik. 
II  lioi  till'  ciiial  runs  in 


In  s« 

i;ilinoi,  with  rii'Valions  omt  si\  tl siml  t 


ri.v  at  Si'aliiik  11. 

\  I'lii'  mill's,  null  a  iii'ail\   iiiiilniiii  ami 

II'  rasii'i  n 
>  ami  ia|iiill.\ 


riM'l>.\  slum's  mi  iiUmi'  .si,l|..  || 


\  I'll  tlioiisaml  fci't  at  tin- casii'in  praKs  ol   tin- Ol.viiipiis  laiiui'.     ••Tlic  Iiml  lin  s"  mnl 


Mmiiil 
ii'l,  ...iii'u  iiiil\  si'M'ii  or  1  iMlit  mill's  to  till' ui'stwaiil. 


ml    Mount  ronstaiii'i-  ti'ii  ami  a  half  mih's.  hm   ivaihiiiu   sivi-n  ihousaml  srvin  Immlii'il  ami 
M'iit.\  si'vi'ii   fi'i't  t'li'vatioii.     'Ihi'  ih'pih  nl    walir  is  \ ,  i  y  ilcrj,  ilnM.  nmln'  tli"  slioii's.  cxn-pt 


whi'ii'  stn-aiiis  iiiaki-  out  ;   ami  tlirmi;;li  ilir  mid  rli.iniii'l  tin-  ili'iiths  ra 


to  lift.v  falhoiiis  of  waliT.     'I'lii'  lintimnni   I  Insi' ili'|iilis  is  mini  iIi|i,i|m|,,,iii. 


nm'  lioiii  moil'  than  iiiiiftv 


Four  mill's  soiithwi'st  fiom  O.ik  lli'ail  ami  on  tl 


II'  vvi'sl  siili'  of  till'  raiial  thi-li'  is 


I'l'iiti'h 


hcail,  nami'il  itiuitsnjt  I'ninl.  iimlii    tlir  smiih  snli'ni'  wliirli  is  a  Inoail  oj.i'ii  lia\  oni'  mile  wide 


mil  an  i-xtiMisivi'  Hat  cxti-mlin;;  mil  lo  thr  In I   iIh'  nmil 


nasi  ami  smitliurst  iiniiils 


i'liis  liav  n-i'i-ivi's  tlii>  IhiiLiilms  /, 


iirii.  uhii'li  hnii^s  iliiuii  iiniili  ili-tiitiis. 
Till'  iiioiintaiii  on   tin-  south  siih'  ol  tin'  iimt  ami  onl\   ;\vii  mill's  hark   is  lun  tlimisaml  tlirt'i 


liiimli'i'il  ami  ri;.'lit.v  fn't  hiuh.     'I'liis  mmniiaiii  is  tin'  smiil 
iiiiiiiin^  thfiii-f  norlliwanl  to  Ihr  (^hiili'i'iii>  IliviT. 


ii'iii  pait  of  till'  :aii;:r  ol  .liipitrr  Mills, 


IIAM.MIAMA    i;i\Ki; 


Tliis  sti'i'iini  I'inplii's  on  thr  wisi  siiln  ni'  iln-  lanal  twrlvi'  mili's  soiith,  tui'iit.vsix  ili';,'n'i's 
wi'st  (S. 'Jf'i '  W  .1  from  Oak  llrail.  It  is  mai  knl  l>\  a  Innail  llat  mii' milt' Inii;;  ami  oiii'thiiil  of  a 
mill-  Willi'  i  1  flout  of  it,  with  lil'ti'i'ii  tallioiiis  of  watii  rjnsi'  miisnlr  ;   Inn  llir  I  ui'iii  v  lalliom  I'liivo 


ii'ai'lii's  out   to  mill  rhaiini'l   to  tii<'  smiihi'ast  wan 


This  liMi   iliaiiis  a   lai';;i'  laki'  I 


our  or  livi- 


II  riillU'S  tioill  till' 


mill's  lii'liinil  till-  h:;;li  iiiountaiiis  ovi  r  thr  .shoir.  ami  into  this  laki'  a  lai;:i'  stirai 
OI.\  inptis  raiij^r. 

Till'  ;;ro;;i'apliii'al   position  of  this  liviT.  as  ilcii'iiniin'il   hv  ilir   C    S.  Coast   ami  (ii'iidi'tlc 
SuiAi'V,  is: 


l.iititi 


i:     :iJ    11.-.     I  iiMiili, 


l.niiKiliKli' I'.'ii    II'-'    '-".I  .1  wi'Nl. 

(til  the  old  woi'k  ill  this  raiial  llii'  naiiii'  was  lliimahiiiiia. 

Thr  Urrot  Until  of  llmtil's  ChikiI  is  twi'iil.v  lun  ami  mir  hall  miles  hv  tin'  iiiiilchaniu'l  coiii'so 
from  Point  .Miscrv.  lli-ii'  thr  luradth  of  tin'  ranal  ixpamls  to  tuo  mili's  for  the  saiiii' distaiu'i', 
and  thi'uri'  runs  ni'ail.\  lifti'i'ii  tiilhs,  to  tlii'  lii'ail,  in  a  ;:('iii'ral  nortlu'asl  iliii'ctioii,  ih'cri'asin;;  in 
uidtii  to  hall  a  iiiilr  at  SistiT's  I'oiiit  on  tin'  iioiili  snlr.  Tin'  shoirs  an-  lnihli'i'  on  tin'  poit  hand 
;;oiii};  up:  tlu'  depth  of  watiT  rontiiim's  lar;;i'  to  with  in  two  ami  a  half  mili's  of  tlii'  lii'ad.  wlicro 
tlii'ii'  is  ji  lU'ptli  of  thirc  fatlioius  onl.v.  Tho  lii'ail  has  mml  I'.ils,  ami  tin'  width  dt'creases  to  half 
it  mile. 


I! 


i{i    ' 


lilf 


c.'w: 


'ACIKIC    (HAS  I     I'll.or. 


>u 


ixM 


It  JH  within  liiilf  It  iiiil«>  of  tli<>  lit'iid  ot'  ('um-'m  liilot  in  I'li^i-t  Sonml. 

At  till'  I'Mlrlllc  llCiltl  lit'  tilt'  rillial  is  till'  \  llhi;:r  of  ('lltliill. 

AiinoM  |i<l)|.-'V\^^>*  is  tin*  siMitliiriiiiinNt  |iiiit  nl  lliMMi's<'iiiial  iit  tin' t  Iri-iil   lli'iiil,  ami  i 


I  h 


'■\\>-s 


M|ll.ll       Mil!,. 


tlif  uatt'i',  lit'  till-  SUiikoiiiisli  Jtivt'i',  wlilrli  lias  linniKlit   ilown  so  iniii'li  ili'tiitiis  ih.it  ,i 

iirtlii' li.i.v  is  a  ^'ii-at  saiiil   anil   tniiil  Itat,  \t  itii  ilri-p  natiT  aioiiiiil   ll ilii  ril;{i' in  tin- w       unl 

tiiirtli.     'I'lii'iv  is  iliM'p  watiT  Im-Iwci'Ii  tlii>  wcNti-rn  i'il;;i-  iif  tliis  liaiik   anil  llir  wi'slirii  mir    i , 

oiH'  iiiiliMlistant.  On  tlii'  |ioint  at  tlio  Huntli  NiiliMil'llio  Hliiui'iif  tlii'  iiilrt  ami  t'niniin;;  tin  •  '  ,|,|,. 
or  Annas  |la>  is  tin' villap' nl  I'liioii  City,  \t  liit-li  lias  a  mail  tlimii^'li  tuOaklaml  mi  llunih.  l^h'^ 
Inlt't. 


TIh'  SkiikiiiniNli  is  a  lai't;i'  imnintain  Htn-ain  ('iiiiiiii);  aruiiml  tlif  Niuitlii'ast  tl.iuk  i>i  tin  n 


\  tii|iii« 


inoiiiitains. 


It  ilraiiis  a  lar;;i'  lakr,  iiatni'il  ('nslniian,  lii^li  nji  tlii'  tianks  nt  Mniini  l'',llii 
Till'  Skokiiinisli  Imlian  ri'MTvatiun   <"   '<i'ari's  tin-  ninntli  nl   tlii'  riM'i   ami  tli 

AiiiiaM  lta>. 

'I'lic  ;:i'o;;ra|iliiral  |Mi.sitiiin   iif  tlh'  ('iiast   SiiivcN   Statiiiii  Annas,  aUiiit   oni'  inilr   \\i'<i 

iniiiitli  Dtllii'  Ski>Uiiiiii.sli  Kivi-r,  \n 


r    «r>l   ^1 >  III 


I   iIk 


t.,'llllil>ii'      17     ■•Ml'   I- 


'    IIMllll 


l.llll);lllllll' 


. i-.>:i  lis  II    I  u.Hi 


Viuii'iiiiviT  plari'ii  it  in  liititiiilt*  IT  '  '2\'  niirtlitiu'i'itrilin^totlii'  rliart. 

AftrrM  I'ltiiit  IS  till'  lii-ail  uliirli  t'lirtns  tlii'  t'arllirMt  |ir<iirrtiiiii  nl' llii' Ciii'at  I'iiiIiisuIm  iio'n  ihr 
niutliwanl  intn  tin- taiial  at  Annas  May.  It  is  a  lii^li,  iiiiiiiilin^  point,  ami  has  ilnp  w.ih  rluM 
iiiiiU'r  it. 


SiKtri's  I'liint  in  a  hi>;h,  roiiniliiiv.  hlnlV  linnl  on  the  north  sliori'  of  thi'  lanat  tmii  tiiili' 


I    l-l  n| 


Avii's  Point  at  tin-  (iri'at  lii'iiil.     It  projcct.s  t'toiii  tin'  nortliwanl  ami  m-aiiv  siiiit:<  thi>  va'a  >i.    ,i\ 
ill):  a  clianml  only  half  ii  niih"  wide,  with  ili'i-p  watiT  ovrr  ^nivi'lly  hottoiii.     'Ihis  is  ••  \  .iinoini  i" 


farihi'st. 


(litlon. — This  villa^i'  is  at  tli«>  «'.\ti'«"iii'  Iii'ail  of  IIikhI's  ('anal,  with  a  Ion;;  saml  aini  ihikI  tin 
for  two  ami  om-half  mill's  ilown  tin'  ra.',.)!. 

Tlii'ti'  is  a  mail  thi'iiri'  toOaklaini,  tin'  roiinty  si-at  on  llaniim'isl>'s  lnlft,aiiothi'i  lo  i.i;  lii\  il!r. 
at  tLe  Lcuil  uf  Ca^ic'tt  lulct,  uudu  third  tu  Si'alM'ck  llarlMu.     It  is  in  lutituiU'  47    l'*i-'  mutli. 


I  !l 


ill: 


¥ 


^1 


m 


IIM.I  II    ivi.s 

•I     M|ll.ll        |l||!c 
"  III"   «.    .,    .Illll 

•III   ln;ll!     lull,., 

u'  I  III'  f  1  1  '.III, 

II    ll.Ulllla  l,>lk'. 
l|'  till'   i  •''  'Minis 


\M'>I    n1|.   lis    III 

!<■   \\i-.-[  .1  III,. 


iiMilit  ii till' 

rrji  w.il,  I  ,'|iisi' 

III    lllllr>  >   is|  ,,| 
IIh'  IM.II  li.       .i\ 

>  •'  \  .i:ii  om  I  i'. 

Ul   illlll     IMII'I    ll.lt 

h'  to  l.ic.lit\  ll!r, 
Hi-,'  Iltillli. 


iM(»i!MATioN'  roNrnnN'iNij  TiiR  nuiT  nr.ci  i.ATioNN  or  !iiFm;F.XT  hiinN  or\i; 

A.NTINK    l!i:<;i  LATION.S.   ||ir.  IlKiil  I.ATKiNs  u|    l\IMltil;\T|uN,  IMIUN  VTKi.N  \L 
IlKtil  LAIIUNS  TO  ri{K\  i;.\i  ( (»U,|s|uN>  aI  SKA,  KIV 


KUl.KS  AND  REGULATIONS  l-OR  THK  GOVKRNMI'.NT  Ol-  I'lI.OTS.  ADOPTII)  HY  Till-    UNITKD 
STATKS   BOARD   OK    SUPKRVISINO    INSPKCTORS   JUNK.  187..    AND    AMKNDKD  JANUARY. 


1875,  JANUARY,  1881.  AND  JANUARY,  1882 
All  pilots  of  sU'iiiiK'iv  iiiivi);atiii(;  Nfii.s.  ;:iiits.  I; 


ilxis,  liMVs.  Ill   iivcis  (ixcrpt  llic   llcil  Kivcr  of 


ilir  North  illlll  riviTs  niipt.viii);  into  tin- <;iiir  of  M.\i.M  nml  tliin  inliiitiiiii'.xi.  wlicii  inci'tiiin  or 

;i|,|i|ii;U'llillt:t'arll  othiT,  wlii'lliiT  li\  ilil\  or  l.\  lliylll,  ;imiI  ;i.s  mhui    i     liiljv  williiii  ^.lllll(|(l|■||n•st..lm- 
^vlll^llt•,  nIhiII  olKStTVl'  illlll  ('lllll|ll,\    Witil   till'  tillillWIll;.' 

i!i:iiri.\  rioNS. 
I.Ti.l-,  I.  Wlii'ii  stciiiiu'r.'*  ari'  iipitroiicliiiii;  raili  oiIm  ,     •  Ihmij   iml  hraij."  i.i  iirarlv  sn,  it  .sliail 

111'  I  111'  duty  of  I'llfll  strailHT  to  pass  In  I  lie  ||;;li|  1.1    pill        .,|..  Ill    III,,  nlln'i:    anil  llli'  pilnl  111   ciilicr 

sii'i •■   I"  I,    III'  liisl  III  ili'ti'riiiiiiiii;:  to  pnisiu'  ilns  (oiiisf,  am!  iiii'iciipu'i  >liall  yi\i'.  as  a   si-iial 

111  Ills  iiiiriiiioii,  mil'  .short  ami  liisiinrt   lilasi  uf  Ins  sti'ani  ulii>;;,'.  wlmji  ihr  pijui  ni'  ilir  iiiIiit 

iiMinrr  shall  answer  pi'otiiptl\  li\  a  smiilai  lila>t  ul  lii>  sIimni  \n  Insilr,  ami  llii'ii'iipun  siirh  sicaint'is 

sli.ill  pass  to  till'  ri;ilit,  or  poit  side,  of  iMrh  uilnr.     liiit    il  lln'  cum.sc  uf  siicli  sliaimis  is  sn  far 


I  III'  starlioaiil  of  cai'li  other  as  not  to  In-  eiuisiili'i 


eil  li\    |il!iits  ,i..  Iiii'ctili:,'   ••  Il 


ead  ami  lieail.''  or 


hraii.x  so,  the  pilot  so  tlr.st  ileeiilin;;  siiall  iiiiim'illatclv  ui\  r  1  uu  slim  1  in, I  ,li^tiiii'i  Masts  ul'  lils 
sii'am  whistle,  wliieli  the  pilot  of  the  other  steamer  sli, ill  aiiswei  |iiiiiii|pil\  !>>  I\mi  siniil.ii  lil.isis 
III  Ills  steam  whistle,  ami  tlie\  shal'  p.iss  to  tlie  leli,  m  on  tin-  starlioaiil  snl'-.  uf  eaeli  oiliei. 

N,  ,|K.-   Ill  till'  II I  j;  III  sirlllllrls  will  I,,'  ,  iilKlilil  ,,1  lii.il  mil;     '  In. 1,1  ;ili,l  lii.:l,l  "  s,,  lull;;  as  1m, ill  ill, l,,r,  ,1  ll;;ll|.-  ul' 

11'  Il  ai,'  111  \  irw  (if  111,'  ,i|li,  r. 

Itri.Kll.  When  steiiiiiers  are  iipproailiiiiL;  earli  uilier  jii  an  iiliiiijiie  iliii  rlioti  lliev  sli. ill  pass 
to  the  ri;,'ht  of  each  other,  as  if  meetin;;  "lieail  ami  lieail,"  m  iirail>  mi. am!  Ilie  sii;iials  li\  whistle 
>li.ill  lie  (;iven  ami  answered  proiiiplix,  as  m  that  ease  s|nriilrd. 

I!l  I.K  III.  If,  when  steamers  are  appiiiai'liiliL;  e.uli  rlliei.  tin-  ]iiliit  nt  eillier  vessel  f.iils  to 
indi'istiiml  tlio  eoni'.se  or  intention  of  tin-  uiliei.  wjntliei  tiuiii  siyiiaK  lieiii^'  ^iveii  or  answered 
rinineoiisly,  or  from  other  I'liiises,  the  pilot  so  in  dmilil  shall  iininrili.itelx  si;;iiilv  the  same  hy 
;;iMiifr  .several  short  iiml  rapid  blasts  of  the  steam  whisile;  ami  if  llie  \esselssh;ill  have  a|i|iroaehed 
within  half  a  mile  of  eaell  other,  hmh  shall  he  immediatel.v  slowed  to  a  speed  haivlv  siillieieiit  fur 
-iri'rai;i'way  until  the  proper  si^iinds  are  ;;i\en,  answered,  itiid  iindi'istood.  or  until  the  vessels 
sh.ill  hive  piis.seil  eaeli  other. 

1,'fl.K  IV'.   When  steamers  iire  running;  in  a  fou  or  tliiiK  wea 
pilot  to  eaiise  11  Ion;;  hhist  of  the  steam  w  liistl 

Sleiimers,  when  drifting  or  sit  iiiehor  in  the  I. in  way  olotln'i  vessels  in  .1  to:;  or  tliii-k  weather, 
-li.ill  riiiii  thvir  Inlln  at  intervals  of  not  1 e  than  two  mitinte; 


thi't  il  shall  be  the  duly   of  the 
to  be  .sounded  al  intervals  not  e\ei'eiliiii:  one  iiiiimle. 


Itri.K  V.  Whenever  11  steamer  is  nearin; 


III!  I    llrliil  iil'l'llr\  I 


ill  till'  i-liainii'l.  w  here,  liiiiii  the 
pposite  direetion  can  imi  be 


lie  shall   have  arrived  within 
slle. 


liiiKht  ol   the  Itiiiiks  or  other  eiinse.  a  steamer  aiiproaehiii;:  I'lom  tlii'  n 

-leii  for  a  ilistiinee  of  half  a  mile,  the  pilot  of  siieh  ste;imer,  when 

half  :i  mile  of  siieh  eiirve  or  beinl,  shall  ;;ive  a  sij;nal  by  one  lon^'  blast    of  the  strain 

"hieh  si^'iial  shall  be  answered  by  a  similar  blast  -iven   by  the  pilot  of  any  appioaehin-  steamer 

ih.it  may  be  within  heal•inK^     Should  siieh  sif,'nal  lie  .so  answered  by  a  steamer  ii|ion  tlie  farther 

Mile  of  .siieh  benil,  then  the  iisnal  si^'inils  for  meeting;  ami  pa.ssin;:  shall  immediately  be  ^'iven  iiiid 


s 


it 


g;i7 


I     i ' 


B 


cas 


l'.\(MKll'    ("OAST    riLuT. 


aiiswi-n-d  ;  luil  il'  tin*  first  alarm  sij;iiiil  of  such  pilot  1m>  iihI  aiiswiTed  lii>  is  to  roiisidci  llici  h  ,iii 
vU'iiv  and  fjuvt'iii  liiiiiM'll'  a(-(-oi<liii^'lv. 

Kl  l.r,  VI.  Tin'  si;,'iials,  h\  tlit-  blowing  of  the  steam  wliistlc,  siiail   he  jiivt-ii  ami  aiisw,  i,,l 
pilots  ill  fompliaiic*'  witli  tlu-so  rules,  imt  only  when   meelinj,'  *■  lieaii   ami  head."  or  nearl\  >.i.  I 


m 


at  all  liiiu's  when  pas-sin^  nr  inei'tin;;  at  a  distance  within   hall'  a  mile  of  each  other,  ami  wlniiui 
pas.-iiiu  to  the  .>t.irlioard  or  port. 


ll\  I  r.  \'I1.   \\  hen  t\Mi  -leaiiiersare  approaihin^  the  narrows  kmuvn  as  •■  Hell  i'< 


:lle.      nil    111, 


e.liiii  I  oij 


Kast  iJivei,  at  New  York,  snle  liv  side,  or  nearly  so,  iiinnin;;  in  the  same  diieelioii.  the  s| 
the  riy;lit  or  starboard  hand  of  the  oilier  (wheii  apprn.iehin;;  I'loin  the  wesO.  when  the.v  sliali  Ii.im 
a  I  rived  al'ie.i.st  ol'  the  north  emiol'  I'dacUweir.s  l>land,  shall  have  the  ri^'lit  nl'  way,  ami  llie  -iimum  i 
on  the  left  or  pnM  .>.ide  shall  fheek  her  w  as  and  drop  aNtern.  In  like  ea.se  w  hen  I  \\o  siinini  i>  .,ii 
appiuai'liiiii,''  Irnni  llie  east,  and  aie  alneast  at  Ne^ru  I'uint.  the  steamer  mi  llie  ri;:hl  nr  ^I;ll  mmiiI 
hand  ol'  the  nlhei-  shall  have  the  li;:hl  ol  way,  and  shall  proceed  on  her  eoilise  w  ilhoiil  iiileiliii  ik  i , 
and  t'le  xleamei  on  the  port  side  of  the  oilier  shall  keep  at  a  safe  distance  astein  iiiol  lr>-.  ili.c 
three  I.  n;,'llis)  until  lioth  steamers  li.ixc  passed  tliroiiuh  ihedillicnll  channel. 

IJii.kN'III.  When  steamers  are  running,'  in  the  s.ime  direclion.  and  the  pilot  of  the  st.  .miri 
which  is  astern  shall  de>iie  to  pass  on  the  ri^iht  or  staihoard  li.ind  ol'  the  sieaiiier  alicaii,  Im'  nImI 
};i\e  one  short  Id.isl  of  the  .sU'iim  «  liislle  as  a  si;:ii,il  ol'.-.nch  desire  and  in  I  cut  ion,  and  shall  |mii  Ihv 
helm  to  poi't ;  and  the  pilot  of  the  sicainer  alie.id  shall  ;iii>wer  iiy  the  same  signal,  or,  if  he  liicii  i 
to  keep  on  his  course  he  shall  ^ive  I  «o  .short  and  distinct  Masts  of  the  steam  w  hislle.  and  llic  Ixiii 
wishiii;;  to  p.i>s  must  ;,'o\crn  herself  accordin;;ly.  bill  the  boat  ahead  shall  in  no  case  .iticiii|ii  tc 
cross  her  bow  or  ciowd  apoM  her  course. 


N.    H.-'Mir   l'<ilri;cinin   IllIrK   air   to   111'   riuniiliril    Willi    m    :ill    r.isi'n 


iMt-l 


I    »  Inn  stiiiniriM  iin 


rrowilrd  I  tiatiiul  nr  lull 


11'   \  Hllll 


l\   .if  wll; 


I'liiliT  .siirli  I'lniini-laini'N  jili'aiiii'r-.  iiiiinI  1m'  i  iiii  .iiiil  man 


yrral  taiilmii,  mhiikImik  iIh'  "  liislli-.  »■.  may  In'  iuti  vsaiy,  lo  t;iiai'<l  a);alll^l  rolllsidii  ur  hIIh  r  ai  i  nliiiit 

Sii'Tiiix  I'.'a.!.  |{rvi'«i'il  Slaliili'K.    -/■'«/.  Iiiinlii  Join .     In  inii-lriiiin;  and  ulicjinu  Ihi'M-  rnli'\  dm' rr^^.inl  nii-l 
liad  III  all  djiiiL'<'r-<  nl'  i 


a\  i;;iilniii.  ami  111  liny  !<|iiirlal  <  irinin'.tam'r-<  wlmli  may  i'xi>t  m  any  |iartii'nl  o  r.iir  ii'inlii 
.sarv  III  mdi  r  In  iiMild  iiiii Ii:ili   daii;;i'i'. 


lion   l-'t.'>,  Revised  Statutes,  Kllle  III.  pai:i-i: 


a  di'|iai'liiii'  I'lniii  tlii'iM  II 

Kt  l.i;  1\.   All  doableended  terry  boats  on  lakes  and  se.iboard  shall  carry  a  cenir.il  r. 
clear,   bright,    white   li;;lits,   shown:;;  all  around   the  hori/.oii,  i>laced  at   eipial   altitudes  |i 
and  aft  :  also  micIi  .>,ide  lights  as  s|iecilied  in  sei 
It  and  ('. 

Local   inspectors  in  disiruis  having'  ferryboals  >li,ill,  whenever  llie  safety  of  navm.itin'i  \<\r, 
reipiiic.  desi-nale  lor  each  line  of  such  boats  a  certain  li^'hl,  while  or  colored,  which  shall  slun  i 
around    he  hoii/on.  to  ilesi;;iiate  and  distiiitfUi>ii  such   lines  from  each  other,  which   li-ht  simll  In 
iilVaiiiidship,  liltceii  fei'i  .ibove  llie  white  ran;;e  li;;lils. 


led  oil  a  ll.l^;  si 

The  line  dividing  jiirisi 


lictioii  between  jiiloi  rules  on  western  rivers  and  lakes  and  scab 


New  <»i  leans  shall  be  the  lower  limits  of  the  cily. 

KXTBAcrS    llJdM    1111".    Kl'-.VISKI)   ST ATITKS. 
Hl'f.  V2'Xi.  The  follow  in;;  rules  for  piexeiilin;;  collisions  on  the  water  shall  be  followeil 


navi;;atiou  of  vessels  o 


f  the  Navy  and  of  the  men 


aiitile  marine  of  the  riiiled  States. 


-I  I  AM     X.Mi    -Ml      \  KS-KI.S. 


'!;>.J 


Kri.K  I.  I'.very  steam  vt 


ihich   is  iimhr  sail,  and  not  under  steam,  shall  be  consul. 


sail  vessel  ;   and  every 
sidered  .1  steam  Vessel. 


steam-vessel  which  is  under  sleam,  w 


hetlier  under  sail  or  not,  shall  >< 


i;  «|5' 


1|t*4 


\l 


IJii.i-.  II.  The  li;;lits  mentioned  in  the  toUowin;;  rules,  and   no  others,  slmll  bee 


nil. '.I    II' 


MMlliers,  belwecll  si 


iii.sel  and  sunrise. 


Ill  IK  III.  .MloccanpiiiiKS 


teaiiiers,  ami  steamers cariyin;;  sail,  shall,  when  under  way, cm  \ 


III;: 


(A)   .\t  ihc  foremast 
hi.  wilh  a  clear  almosidiere,  at  a  ( 


lu'ad,  a  briKht.  w  hite  li;;lit,  of  smh  a  ehaiacler  as  fo  be  visible  on  ,i  .l.iil 


listance  of  at  least  live  miles,  and  so  coiisli  iicled  as  lo 


a  uniform  and  iinbrokeii  linht  over  an  arc  < 
lived  as  to  throw  llie  li;;hl  fell  points  on  ea 


if  the  hori/oll  of  fwellty  poilitH  of  the  eoiiipiiss,  .hhI 
I'h  side  of  fho  ve.s.sel,  namely,  from  ri!;hl  ahead  i..  n 


lOII 


itH  abaft  the  bt-aui  on  either  side, 


sitlcr  till'  1 


l.lllllrl 


illlll   iinswi  Iril   \,\ 

tir  iuMil>   -",  \n\[ 
liiT,  :iiiil  «  li.  liici 

It'll  i  iillf,"  nil  ;h( 
III,  tllC  .sicllllrl  nil 
II  lIll'V  sll;ll|  ii.iv, 
,  allil  llli'  >:•  .IIiMi 
t  «()  slc;iliu  IS  ,ii, 
■|;;lll  nr  >I:il  mi.ihI 
limit  llllcl  li'li'lii'i , 
('Ml  ( iml   li'.--^  111. 11; 

Idl  lit'  llir  --li  .Illlll 
\VV  mIu'.IcI,   111'  .-.iLlil 

,  anil  .'^liall  |<iil  Iiin 
la).  or.  it'  III-  |iii'tii 
li.sllf,  and  till'  liiiiii 
HI  I'aso  att(Mi|i|  in 

»  ai'i'  iiii\  utiilHu  ■!'  I 
nil  liiiil  iiKiii.t'.:-  •!  u  :i!i 
rnlrllW 

IS  clllr  irii.llil  'I  i.-l  •■ 
II  11  lll.ll    c  .I-.I-  li  lii'  I      _ 

a  cfiilr.il  i.iiuc  li 
I  altiliiilcs  tmw ml 
iil(>  111.  iiai.i^iiil'li" 

III'  uaviuati'i'i  iM.i,\ 
.vliii'li  .shall  sln'w  .III 
ivliicli  li;;lit  Ml. ill  I"' 

kfs  and  scaliiMi'l  ii 


II  111'  l(illii\Mil  in  till 
Statfs. 


hall  lie  coii.siili  !'  'I  1 
(ir  mil.  .shall  'n'  mn 


hail   lie  raiiKil  m  ili 

II  under  «a>.i'.iin  - 
lie  \  i.silili-  III!  .1  i!.iil> 

nslliictt'd  as  111  >ii"« 
tin-  cuiiiiiass.  .iiiil  s" 

II  riu'hl  alii'.i'l  i"  '"" 


PAt'lKlC   COAST    I'li.or. 


G'M 


(I!)  On  th.'  8tiirlM)iml  si.h.,  a  fim-n  li;:lil.  ..f.siirl,  a  .'haiait,.,'  a.s  to  In-  xisihl,.  on  a  dark  iii'dit 
uiih  a  .li-ar  atiiios|di.Tf,  at  a  distan.-i'  ol'  at  hsist  two  niih.s.  and  so  nm.strnctfd  a.s  to  .show  a  niii 
I, inn  and  iiiibrok.-ii  li;;lit  ovn-aii  arrol  tlif  horizon  of  irn  points  ,.|  th.'  roiii|.a.s.s.  and  so  hxiMlas  to 
iliiow  the  li^ht  I'roin  rifiht  ahead  to  two  poinis  ahat'l  the  liraiii  on  ihr  .si.iiiioard  .side. 

(«')  On  the  port  shI.-,  a  ivd  lin;lit.  ot  Mirh  a  chaia.'t.'r  as  lo  I.,'  \  i.-,il,h.  „„  a  .lark  ni-lil,  with  a 
,  U'ar  alinospli.Ti',  at  a  di.staiic.- of  at  l.-ast  tw.Miiil.'s.  an.l  MM'i.iisinuii.l  as  to  show  a  iinihnin  aii.l 
iiiilirokfii  li;,'lit  over  an  arc  ot'  tlif  horl/...n  of  ten  points  <it  i|„.  ,',,iii|,ass,  aii.l  so  ti.scd  as  to  throw 
th.'  linlit  from  rii^lit  ah.'a.l  to  two  points  aliaft  the  ln'.im  on  ihr  pnri  -.idc. 

Til.'  1,'it't'iiaiHl  red  lights  shall  In-  titled  with  iiiluiard  .s.-i.'.ii.s.  piiii.'.liii;;  at  least  thive  t'eet  IV.r- 
V.  ii.l  from  the  li;;lits,  so  as  to  prevent  them  from  li.'in;;  se.'ii  arross  th.'  Imw. 

lit  l.i;  IV.  Steamves.sels.  wli.'ii  lowing  other  N.'sscls.  shall  tariv  iwo  Iniuht  white  mast  li.-ad 
li.;lils  \erlieall.v,  in  a.lditioii  to  their  si. le  li-lits.  .soas  to  distiiii;ni.sh  th.iii  trom  oth.'rsteamve.s.s.'l.s. 
I'.ach  of  tlie.se  ina.stliead  lights  shall  li.'  of  the  saiiie  eharacter  and  eonsinietion  as  the  mast  head 
li-lits  preserilieil  l>v  Kiile  III. 

Kri.!''.  V.  All  steam-vessels,  other  than  oreaii  ;;iiiiii.'  steam. 'is.  ami  steam. 'is  .arrviii;;  sail, 
shall,  when  iimler  wav.  earr.v  on  th.'  starlioanl  and  port  si.l.'s  li-lus  oi'  th.'  .same  .haia.'ter  ami  con- 
siiii.'iinn,  and  in  the  same  p.isiti.iii  as  are  pr.'xrili.  d  t.n-  siilc  li;;his  li.\  Kiile  lll.exeepi  in  the  ease 
piiivi.le.l  III  Itille  VI. 

lil'I.l''.  VI.  Kiver  steamers  iiavinatin;;  waters  tlowiiii;  into  the  (".iiHnt  .Mexico,  an. I  their  trili- 
uiari.'s.  shall  earr.v  the  following  li;;lils.  iiamelv  :  On.,  rid  li;;lit  on  th.' onilioar.l  side  ol  ilu'  port 
siiinke  Iiipe,  and  one  ;,'recii  li;;lil  on  the  onthoanl  side  nt  th.'  si.irlioar.l  smoke  pipe.  Such  lij^iits 
sli.ill  show  lioth  forwai.l  and  ali.'am  .in  their  respecini-  .sii|.'>. 

Kit. K  Nil.  All  coast  hi;;  steam  vessels,  aiiil  stcam-\  .'ss.'ls  uilicr  lliaii  terry  lioals  and  vess.'ls 
ollicrwiso  expressly  provided  for,  iiavi^'atiiin  the  lia>s.  Likes.  i,\,i-..  m  uili.r  inlaiiil  wal.rs  ot' the 
I  iilt.'il  Slates,  except  tlmse  nientiiin.'.l  lii  li'iilc  \  I.  shal'.  caii^  lli.'  led  and  ;;ie.'ii  lij;ht.s.  as  pre 
M'llli.'il  lor  ocean  jioili;;'  steaniels;  ami.  in  a.lililloii  tlici.'tn,  a  cciiti.il  i.iii;:.' ol'  iwn  white  li;;lils; 
ilie.illci  li^'lit  Itcinji  carric.l  at  an  eh'\atiiin  nl'  at  l.'.i>l  til'ic.'ii  t.-.i  .iIuim'  liic  li;;lit  at  lli.'  head  .if 
ill.'  \c>sel.  The  Ilea. I  lij;ht  shall  he  so  .iinstruci'd  as  to  show  a  y;o.)il  lii;l,i  iliioii;:li  twciitx  points 
111  III.'  I'.inipass,  namely  :  I'lom  i  ij;hl  alicail  to  t  w.i  p.  mi  is  ali.it'l  tli.'  hcain  nii  eiili.'r  >id.'  of  th.-  vcs- 
.si'l  ;  and  the  after  li;;'lit  s.i  as  lo  show  all  around  the  linii/oii.  Tin'  liy;lits  tor  I'.'iiv  li.iats  shall  he 
ii'unlafc.l  hy  sii.'li  rules  as  the  li.tard  of  siipt'i\  isinj;  iii-.p.'(i.irs  ot' .sieam-\  .ss.'ls  shall  presenile. 

i'i!.oT.\.ii':  (i(ivi''.i;M:ii  iiv  nil'.  i..\\\s  .H''  iiii^  immviih  ai.  simi.s. 

Si:c.  rj;!">.  I'litil  tiiitlier  provision  is  ma.l.'  li.\  ( 'i>iil;h'ss,  all  pilots  m  ili.>  hays,  inl.'ts,  rivers, 
li.iiliiiis,  iiii.l  p.tlts  of  th.'  I'liite.l  Slati's  shall  .'onliiiiie  to  \>r  i.'iziilatc.l  in  conrormily  with  the 
.'visiiii^Haws  of  the  States  i"sp.'etiM'ly  wlnr.'ili  sii.h  pilots  iiiav  he.  or  with  such  l.iwsasth.' 
Siat.'s  may  resp.'ctiv.'lv  .iia.'l  tor  the  |iiirpii>.'. 

Si'.c.  r_'.i(».  The  master  of  aii\  vcss.'l  comiii;;  into  .ir  ;;.iiii;;  niil  nf  aii.\  port  siiiiale  iip.ni  waters 
which  are  the  lionndary  lietweeii  two  States,  ina\  eiiipl  •>  aii\  pilot  .liil>  lii'.'iise.l  or  aiilliori/.e.l  by 
till'  laws  of  .'itlier  of  the  Stales  lioiin.le.l  .m  sii.'h  waters,  tn  pilot  ilic  M'ssd  to  or  I'lom  sinli  |iiirt. 

Skc.  \SM.  No  regulations  or  pnivisi.ms  shall  li.'  a.lopl.d  1>>  iiiy  S-aic  wIihIi  shall  iiiak.'  any 
.liscrimiiiation  in  the  rate  of  pil.ita;;.'  .n  hall  pilola^.'  lu'tw.'.n  vcs.scls  sailiii-  lictwceii  th.'  p.ul.s  of 
0111'  State  anil  ves.sels  sailiii-  lii'tw.'.'ii  the  prnts  of  ililV.i.'iiI  Si.it.'s.  or  aii\  .lisci  iminatioii  a-ainsi 
N.'.ssels  propelled  in  wlioh-  or  in  part  l.\  sic.im.  or  a.^.iiiisi  nation, il  msm'Is  ..f  tli.'  I'nil.'.l  States; 
and  all  existiii},'  reKiiIathms  or  provisions  making;  an;,  sii.li  .lis.rimiiiatioiis  are  annulled  ami 
aliro;;ateil. 

ini.OT  RI-:OULATIONS  Ol'-  THK   I>ORT  OK  SAN   I'KANCISCO    IVIAKK  ISLAND.  AND   BKNICIA     KX 
TKACTS  I-ROM   THK   HOI.ITICAI.  COUK  OK  CAl.irOKN  1 A  WITH  AMENDIVII'-.NTS  TO   DA  ri'.. 

AltTlCi.K  V.  SKCTlii.-i  'Jl.!!l.   AiiN   p.'ison   mil  tin'  mast.r  or  ow  iht.  ami  not  hol.liii-  a  .'..minis 
sun  ..r  li.'.m.se  as  a  pil.it,  wh.)  pihits  any  v.'ss.'l  into  or  .ml  of  aii>   harlnir  or  |.ort  of  this  State  lor 
whi.h  Iherearo.'.inimi.ssioned  or  licciis.'.l   pilots  must    Im-  pniiish.'d  Ihcielor  as  pr.iM.le.l  iii   the 
prnal  code,seeti.Mi  .'tTU,  ami   must    (lay  t..  the   pilot  .'.iiiih'd  to  |.ihit    .s.i.li  vessel  the  am.mnt  ..1 
I  i!.itay:e  or  towa;,'e  eolle.'ted  liv  him. 

Sw.2i:!-.'.  All  vc.s.sel.s.  th.'ir  tackle,  appaivl.  and  the  Inni.luie.  ami  the  ma.ster  and  .iwners 
lliireof,  are.jointli-  ami  severally  liable  for  pihUa'..'  f.'cs.  t..  h.' i.cov.'i.'d  ,iian>  court  ot  .oinpet.'iu 
innsilictioii. 


I     M 


'I 


' 


i4- 


If 


m^^ 


^^^ 


'If  I  1 


II 


!  i\ 


<i40 


PACIKIC   ("OAST    I'lI-OT. 


Sec.  24.13.  If  any  pilot,  in  iMidoavorinfi  to  assist  or  n'li»«vo  any  vossol  in  tlisfrcsH,  snlVi  i^  |„ss 

or  daniaj:!'  in  liis  boats,  sails,  tat-klo,  rif:},'iiij:,  or  appiirttMianios.  th«  master,  own.-r,  oi  ,    ^i,,,,. 

ofsiwli  Vfssfl  must  pay  the  \  ahu' ot'sucii  loss  or  dania^o,  to  In- asccrtaiiu'il  iiy  tin-  coimiiiv.Ma,  is 

Skc.  •-'lot.  Kvory  pilot,  on  iKianliu},'  a  vossol,  wIkmi  rcqiiiri'tl  l>y  the  niasN-r  llurcn.  ii„i,t 
oxliiliit  his  commission  as  pilot.  A  rolusal  to  do  so  sultjirts  liini  to  a  foMfituri' «)!'  Jiis  .onui  ^i,,,, 
or  lironso.     •     •     • 

S|-.c.  •Jli.V  Kvory  pilot  carried  to  soaajrainst  liis  will,  or  uniiicfs.sarily  dciaiiu'd  on  li...ii,|  ,,| ,, 
vessel,  when  a   pilot  lioal   is  in  attendance  to  receive  him,  is  entith-d  to  receive  the  sum  i  i  ,  i^i,, 

dollars  per  tlay.  wiiile  necessarily  alisent   or  delaine<l,  not   to  exceed   in   the  a;;;.;re;.Mle  tin-      i ; 

one  thousand  dollars  in  any  one  case,  which  sum  may  l)o  reco-ered  liy  action  ajiain>l  ili>'  ii,,i>i|.| 
or  o\\  ner  ol' the  vessel  so  takin;;  him  away. 

Skc.  l'1.17.  NVlu'U  crnisinjrofl'or  standin;;out  to  sea.  pilots  must  p»  to  a  vessel  nciiiest  t<>  >liciiv 
•ir  in  the  most  distress,  ninler  a  penalty  of  one  hundred  ilollars.  For  refnsin};  to  p)  on  Imanl  a 
vi'stiel  when  reipiired,  a  like  |M'nalty  may  he  nnposed.     •     •     • 

Alirtci.i'.  \'l.  .Skc.  1,'4.V.».  ICvery  pilot  in  char;;c  of  .i  vessel  arrivinji  in  tlu' port  or  hi:  Imr  ni 
San  I''raiicisco  must  s.ifcly  iinMU-  the  vessel  in  such  [losition  as  the  master  ot'  the  vessel  ui' ii,Mlii,| 
master  may  direct,  lie  must  prcM'Ht  all  persons  (except  olliceis  of  the  State  or  l'"eilcial  ::m\,.iii. 
menis,  owners  or  ciinsi;;nees  ot'  the  vessel  or  carp>,  ami  pcisons  admitted  on  the  «'\press  oiijiix  nf 
the  master),  trom  Imaidin^  siu'li  vessel  until  she  has  been  safely  motueil.  To  enfurce  il,(]irii- 
vi>uins  I  if  this  section,  ami  other  puliee  rey;idations  for  the  harbor,  everv  pdot  in  char};e  ol  ,i  \  vm[ 
entering;  the  iiarbor  of  !^an  I'l.mcisco  is  authori/.ed  and  empowered  to  ai rest  «'very  one  Om.  m 
opposition  to  the  mastt>r*s  orders,  persists  in  boardin;;  such  vessel,  or  who,  liaviuK  bo;ii(l..|  li.|. 
rclnses  to  leave  on  commami  of  such  master  or  pilot.  When  so  arr«'st«'d,  he  must  be  iiiiiiieili,itcl\ 
bri<u;:ht  before  the  polu'c  judge's  court,  or  admitted  to  bail,  as  provided  in  the   Penal  Coiie. 

Skc.  'J4ti."».  The  pilolatrc  inside  the  heads  to  tlio  am:hora;ie  opposite  San  Kram'isco.  ainl  ,il t 

the  harlior,  or  between  the  harbiU'  ot  SitU  P'rancisco  ami  the  ports  of  Mare  Island,  \'.ii!i  jp.  m 
Itenicia.  mu.-t  be  at  such  rales  as  a^'r'cd  on  iK-tween  the  parties,  not  to  exceed  live  dcill.i!^  jm 
ftMit  tlraujiht. 

Si:c.  I'PKi,  The  followiM;;sh;dl  be  the  rates  of  pilot  a;,'e  into  or  out  of  I  he  harboi-  of  Sail  I'r.iiii  imm: 
Vessels  under  tivc  hiindrecl  tmis,  live  dollars  per  foot  draii;;ht  ;  all  vessels  over  ti\c  liiiiiilie>:  Im|i>, 
lixf  dollars  per  fimi  <lraii;.'hl  and  fnur  cents  per  ton  tor  each  and  every  ton  of  re^isieieil  im  iMiif 
meiit.  Nessels  eii;,M^ed  ill  the  whaliii;;  or  tishiii;;  traile  shall  be  exempt  liom  all  piitilau'  .  <  \i'<\>\ 
when  a  piliit  IS  actuall\  emplo.\ed.  When  a  \t'ssel  is  spoken,  inwaid  or  outward  biiiiinl.  .ml  \\w 
ser\  ic«-s  of  a  pilot  ale  decliin'd,  (Uie  hab  of  the  above  rates  must  lie  pa'd.  In  ail  la-i-  «liiic 
inw.ird  bound  vessels  aic  not  spoken  until  inside  ot'the  bar,  the  rales  of  |iiIolaj;e  iiiusl  be  i.iimiil 
lifty  per  cent.  \  fssels  enj;a;,'ed  in  the  whaliiii,'  or  lishin^j  trades  shall  be  exempt  from  all  |m|..!  i^, , 
excejit  whei-e  a  pilot  is  actnall.v  employed. 

Sr.c.  I'MiT.  Any  vessel  in  tow  of  a  steam  tn;;  between  the  liailtDrof  San  l',aiicisco  ami  ini 
liorts  of  .Mare  Island.  Nallejo,  or  Heiiicia,  shall  be  exempt  from  all  charp's  for  iiilota,(e,  uuU-^s  i 
pilot  is  actually  emiiloyed. 

Skc.  L'4t>.s.  All  vessels  coasting  between  San  I'rancisco  and  any  port  in  «»ict;oii,  >  .  in  Wi-ii 
iuilUtu  or  .Viaska  Territories,  and  all  \fsselseoastinn  between  ports  of  this  State,  are  e\ciii|''  i  ■m 
all  diarties  lor  pilnia^e.  unless  a  pilot  is  actually  einplo.\ed. 

Si;(  .  L'Kl'.l.  When  two  nr  more  jiilots  shall  olVcr  their  services  to  any  vessel  inwai. I  >  ■  p; 
the  pilot  liist  otferiii;:,  or  one  conni'cte<l  with  the  same  boat,  sh. ill  have  prefeieme;  ami  H' 
services  of  another  be  accepted,  the  M-ssel.  her  appiiri. nances,  and  the  master  and  ounei  il,.  !..  i, 

.shall  be  jointly  and  se\erall\  liable  to  the  pilot  eiilitied  to  siK-h  piebTcncc  for  one  hall  the  an 

of  pilotage  he  wo.ild  have  been  entitled  to  had  his  services  been  aeceptcd. 

Skc  J  J  70.   .Vii.\   pilot    brinuinu  a  vessel   into   the  haibcu  (or  one  connected  with  his  boat   ^li.l 
Im'  eniitle<l    to  lake  such  v.vssel   to  sea   a;;aiii  when   she  d.'parts;  /.r..(i</(-/.  smh   pilot   ami   ilm- 

con ted  with  Ins  boat  have  not  in  iIm'  iiieaM  lime  becoini^  in  an.\  manner  dis.|iialili.'cl  or  ii„    in. 

Uiled;   and  if  such  pieiercl be  disregarded  b,\   the  master  ofsn.'h  vessel,  the  vssel,  iii,i-l.  i    .ii'. 

owner  shall  be  liable  i-  the  pilot  entith-d  to  such  piefeielice   for  one-half  the  a! lilt  to  v\l  "'li  I' 

w«inld  I ntilled  if  his  services  were  accepteil. 

The  act  ol  Mareh  P»,  l.s.s'.(.  ;:iv.'s  the  State  r...ard  of  harbor  commissioners  jurisdicti.  ■•^' : 
llic  water  front  of  the  harlH>r  «tf  San  Francisco,  aa  elsewhere  detaih'd. 


lUTS  juiisdu  IM"'  "^'f 


TACIKIC   COAST    I'll.iiT. 
I'lI.OT    ItKUri.ATIoNS    l-n|;    lllMlii  H.D  |     I!AV. 


G41 


Artid.'  VII  oltiif  I'oliti.'al  r,„l,.  ;r|v,,s  tlic  i.iL.t  n-i.l;.iions  r„:  l|ii,Ml,„l,lt  Itay  and  [Jar,  ami 
Ailicli-  X  th'tilics  tlh'  duties  nt'llic  hailior  (•Diiiii.issiimcis  Im  llic  pdit  ,,i'  KiiccNa. 

PILOT    WKOri.ATIi.NS    I'OK    TlIK    I'liKT    nl--    Wll.M  IMnoN    AM)   SAN    I'KDIIO    I!AV. 

Tli.^  a.T  of  Maivli  1<»,  ISS<>,  piovi.l.'.s  lor  tli.-aii|Mmiiiii..|,t  „t  |,il„t,s  f,,,  (|,i.  ,„„t  „f  Wdiiiincton 
iiid  San  I'l'dro. 

itri.r.s  AM)  ur.oft.ATioNs  i.r  xiir.  miM  ,,].■  san  ii;ancis((j. 

[AilopliMl  lis  tlir  lMi:inl  .il  Siiiir  l.ailioii ,) issiciii  iv  on  li iiih.r '.'1.  \-~i\.] 

1.  Vi'sscls  must  not   In-  aiiclioic.l,  nor  ii vd.  l.ciw,.,.ii  a  line  diawii  from  tlie  outer  end  of 

.liieksoii  Street  wliarf  to  the  luost  >oullierl\  point  of  Veilia  liiieiia,  or  tloat  Island, and  a  linti 
drawn  Iroiii  the  outer  end  of  .Mission  Si  reel  wharf  to  llie  Iciia  .s|||,  ,)f  tlie  Sonlh  I'aeitie  Coast 
Uiihoad  Company,  on  the  Alameda  side  of  the  li,i>  ;  nor  iiiiist  ihe\  U<-  aiiclmrcd  so  as  to  permit 
Ihem  to  swin;;  lietween  said  lines. 

•_'.  Vessels  innst  not  Ite  anetiored,  nor  moored,  bet  ween  a  line  diawn  from  the  iiitersei'tion  of 
the  norlli  line  of  Townsend  street  with  the  .Msteils  line  ol  liie  I'aeilic  Mail  Sleamship  Coiiipaiiv's 
wharf  to  the  extreme  westerly  end  of  the  north  trainin.u  wall  of  Oakland  II  arbor,  and  a  line  drawn 
lioin  the  (inter  end  of  r.erry  Street  piei  to  ihe  eMiinie  wesii  rl.\  end  lA'  the  smith  traiiiiii"- wall 
111  O.ikland  Harbor;  iiorinnst  they  lie  aiiehored  so  as  to  swin^  lieiweeii  ihesaid  lines,  nor  within 
iijilit  liundred  feet  ol'liie  Hay  wliait. 

;t.  Vessels  niiist  not  lie  am-hored,  nor  iiiooreil.  between  a  line  drawn  Iroiii  the  soiitiieasterly 
end  of  the  f^rain  sheds  on  the  sea  wall  to  the  hiulie>t  point  of  Anuil  ULmd.  visible  liom  the  said 
southeasterly  end  of  the  said  j:raiii  sheds,  und  a  line  diauii  fioin  I  lie  iiorihwoterly  end  ol  the  said 
;;raiii  sheds  to  the  li;;lit  on  .Meatra/  Island:  iioi  iiiiisl  they  be  anchored  so  as  to  permit  them  to 
swiiii:  between  the  said  lines. 

I.  Vess(ds  ninst  not  be  aneliored,  nor  moored,  within  live  hiindied  yards  of  a  line  drawn  t'rom 
llie  extreme  northerly  end  of  the  sea  wall,  soiitherl.v  tliroimh  the  e\liiiiie  oiner  ends  of  the  piers, 
to  the  interseiitioii  of  the  easteily  line  of  'riiird  street  u  illi  the  iioitlni  ly  line  ot'  Cham  A  street. 

;"i.  N'essels  proptdled  by  steam,  except  when  yoiii;,;  to  or  lea\iii;;  the  sea  wall,  must  not  run 
inside  ot  a  line  six  liiindred  feel  distant  fiom  and  parallel  w  itii  ihe  said  sea  wall. 

<i.  .\  vessel  will  not  be  entitled  to  a  berth  until  an  applii'itioii  shall  lia\i'  been  made  to  the 
ehief  or  assistant  chief  w  hairin,i.'er :  and  such  applicalion  nuisi  state  the  diaii;;lil  of  the  vessel, 
Mild  of  eartro,  and  locality  desired.  No  application  shall  be  eiileitained  unless  the  vessel  be  in 
tlic  harbor  and  reatly  to  be  docked.  I'>ei  I  lis  sh.ill  be  assi„'iicd  iii  the  order  of  the  application,  pro- 
I.  ided  that  vessids  read.N  to  discdiai^'c  carun  shall  have  preference  o\  cr  those  ready  to  reeei\e  carpo. 

No  one  except  the  chief  or  assistant  chief  w  liai  linucr  has  aiillicu  ity  to  assiuii  berths  to  vessels. 

When  a  vacant  berth  is  assiiiiied  to  a  vessel,  said  as-.i;.'iiiiiciii  will  hold  .uood  for  twenty  four 
lioiiis,  but  for  a  berth  not  vacant  said  assi'.'iimeiit  will  hold  i,'ooil  tweiitv  font  lioiiis  after  it  beeoincs 
\  .icaiit. 

7.  Vi  ssels  lunst  IianI  or  no  into  the  stream  at  their  own  expeii.se  w  hen  oidereil  to  do  so  by  the 
chief  or  assistant  ehief  whartlnj^er.  Cpon  failure  to  olii\  such  oidcr  (he  iliii'f  or  assistant  chief 
« liai  liiiu'er  shall  have  power  to  cause  ^\u'\>  rciiiov  al  at  the  e\pcii-.c  of  -iii'li  \  csmI  or  \  cssels. 

S.  Vessels  when  beinj;  moved  into  a  slip  or  alouj:sidc  the  what  f  iiiiisi  ap|Uoach  ••  head  ou."aud 
uheii  at  a  wharf  must  lie  head  toward  the  shore.  The  sindiliim  sail  booms  and  sprit  sail  yard.s 
must  be  ri}r;;ed  in  ;  their  olV shore  anchois  snsneiided  lead.v  for  droppiii;: ;  their  lower  and  top  sail 
,\  aids  braced  <•  sharp  np"  on  their  iiislion-  bi, ices,  except  when  in  actual  use  discharuiiiu  or  loadiiijj 
car^o;  and,  when  rcpiired  by  the  wharliii-ers.  their  movabl.'  foreand  alt  spais  and  marlin.ii'alo 
must  be  ri}j;;ed  in. 

!t.  .\  vessel  ain'hored  or  moored  in  Ihe  harbor.  lU' l.\  iiiu  in  a  sliii  or  dock,  luusl  at  all  limes  have 
on  board  at  least  one  seaman  capable  of  takinu:  l>r"pt  r  care  of  such  vessel.  It'  it  become  necessary 
a  vessel  may  be  removed  by  order  of  the  chief  whailin-er  at  the  cvpense  of  the  owner,  and  the 
owner  and  the  vessel  shall  be  liabl.'  for  all  daiiia-v  thai   <liall  arise  thereby. 

10.  When  ballast,  stone,  coal,  bricks,  ashes,  ••indcrs,  dust,  rubbish,  or  other  loose  matter  or 
iliniu  that  will  sink,  is  bein^'  landed  fr..in  a  vessel  upon  a  wharf,  or  is  bein,u  transferred  from  one 
17211  V  c II 


1 


I!  !•; 


4i 


■^  u* 


'f^^j'lt'il* 


■       ..    It      -'7 


k  J' 


I 


642 


PACIFIC    COAST    I'lLOT. 


Hi' 



vi'ssol  info  another,  u  <'anvii.s  clinfi'  or  otlicr  cDnlrivaiM-f.  to  tlu*  satistaffioii  (if  tlu-  wli.ui  ,',.| 
must  »>«'  used  to  incvciit  any  part  of  such  .su))stam-t'  I'nim  t'allin},'  into  Hit-  dock. 

11.  File  must  not  Iw  used  on  board  olanv  m'sscI  at  the  wharves  or  in  tlie  slips  tor  healin;  |,ii,|| 
tar,  or  other  inllammahle  sultstanees,  'nt  may  he  nsi'd  on  Ihtatiuf:  start's  or  boats  lor  tlir  |"  .|„,^,. 
t)f  heatiii;;  sueh  suhstam-es  tor  repairing  ve.sseis:  pmriilnl,  sneh  tire  is  eonslantl.v  in  tlir  c  I,  ,. ,,, 
a  person  eapable  of  lakiiifr  proper  eare  of  the  same. 

IL'.  Kverv  steam  eiijiine,  wlu'U  used  upon  any  wliarf  for  loading' or  nnloadiu},' ear;;o,  mu 
upon  ilssmoke  st;'ek  a  l)onnet  orspark-ealeher  that  will  en'eetuall.v  |iii'venl  sitarkslVoni  UiWu 
sueh  wiiarf  or  upon  the  tleek  of  any  vessel. 

i:!.  Not  more  than  one  liuihlred  piles  or  pieces  oft  imh.rsli.i  II  bedis.liar;.'ed  oi' ;i||.i\\,.il  iim<  iii.iin 
in  any  slip  or  do<>k  at  any  time;  nor  .-liall  any  piles  or  timber  be  hll  in  any  dock  or  sli|M,v,  i  m^i,, 
without  llic  permissidu  of  the  wharlin^er. 

11.  No  substance  that  \ull  sink  or  form  an  obsirnelion  to  navi<;alion  slia'.l  bedcposji,.,!  ■„  ,|„. 
waters  or  on  (lie  shore  of  the  harbor  wilhoni  lirst  oldainin;;  i>ermissii(ii  in  v. rilinj,' Irom  tlic  im;!,,,, 
commissioners. 

l.">.  Iiubbish  or  other  substance  on  which  no  \vharl'a<re  is  charged  sliall  be  removed  li,.iii  ii,,. 
wliarf  by  llie  pcisiin  pl.ii'iii;,' it  there;  and,  on  def.iMit,  It  miist  be  removed  b\  the  wImiIIi-,  i  ;,i 
such  person's  expense.  Coal  screens,  donkey  eiijiines,  and  all  stevedore's  tools  and  ap|ili,iii.,  -  mnsi 
be  removed  from  Hie  wharf  when  iliiected  b\  the  w  h;ii  liii^iei. 

1(».  Neither  the  slips,  dttcks,  basins,  wharves,  nitr  the  spaces  ill  front  of  them,  imr  I  he  -!iii'i> 
alonjr  the  water  iVoiit,  shall  he  obstructed  by  any  material  or  sti  iictiire.     If  any  such  ohsii  m  luin 

be  not  removed  « ilhin  t  weiity  four  hours  after  notice,  the   material  or  strnctun iistiliUin-  ihr 

obstrnctiiMi  shall  be  removed  and  .stiued,  or  sohl  liy  the  eotiiniissioncrs,  and  twenty  li\e  iln'l.ns 
will  be  enar},'ed  for  eat-h  day  that  the  obstrnction  is  permitted  to  remain,  to;;eihcr  with  Ihei  \|m  hm 
of  remo.al,  stoia^e.  or  sale. 

IT.   No  person  shall  have  autliori'y  to  eullect  docka;;i',  wharfage,  tolls,  -a'  rents,  unless  in  slim 
i/ed  by  the  board  of  Slate  liai  bur  eonimissioiieis.  e\i-ept  oil  w  liai  \e.s  '..eul  under  lease,  pi ii  si;  nil  in 
ai'tsofthe  I   j:islatiire.      Lessees  ol' w  liarves  aulhoii/ed  In  collect  diicka;;!',  w  Inirl'n^c.  oi  loIK  imisi 
clnir^'e  and  collect  the  same  rates  ;is  those  lixeil  b\    the  board  tin    the  \\lnir\es  not  ninli  i  h  i-i  , 

1 ".  If  any  vessel  lea\  e  a  w  harf.  slip,  dock,  oi'  busin,  unless  lurced  to  do  so  b\  stress  ol  ui  .nliii, 
without  fust  pa\  iiiu'  the  doi'kau'e  due.  such  vessel  will  be  phieed  npoii  the  dclini|Ueiit  list  ami  inii^l 
not  be  |icrniilled  to  Use  any  wharf,  slip,  d  .  k. or  basin  witlnnit  liist  pa\  inj,' ilouble  the  bill  hm  inni 
and  tell  dollars  in  additimi  thereto,  excepi   liy  permissicni  of  the  eoinmissicuicis. 

1!(.  The  master.  aLrelil,  or  owner  i>f  a  vessel  lelilsili;;  «il  lle;:leetili;,'  to  obey  the  oi  del  s  ,,|  lie 
chief  or  assistant  chief  whartin;i<'r  in  any  matter  pertainin;;  to  the  rcynlalioii  of  the  ImiIki  ni  ir 
mov;il  or  statioiiiii;;  ot  such  vessel,  is  ;;uilly  of  a  misdemeaiior.  and  liable  to  a  line  noi  exifiin.. 
three  hniidred  dollars  4ir  iin|irisiMinieiit  not  exi'cediny:  one  hundred  days. 

L'O.  In  ease  any  dama;;e  is  done  to  a  wharf,  shed,  oi-  other  strnctnr<>  on  the  walci  Inini  ii\  .i 
Vessel  ttv  otherwise,  the  said  damai.M>,  to^'cther  with  the  ml'  e  of  the  vessel  or  peismi  c;iii^  n-  it. 
must  in'  icported  forthwith  li\  the  wliailili;:er  to  tlie  «-|iief  en;jineer,  and  the  expense  of  the  irp.iio 
of  said  daiua^je  .shall  be  a  chart;e  aj;aiiist  such  vessel  oi  iiidi\  i<liial. 

■_M.  I)ocka;:e  eommences  upon  a  Vessel  when  she  iinikes  fast  to  a  wharf,  or  comes  w  iilnn  ;i  •{■•<\. 
slip,  basin,  or  eanal ;  and  each  twt'niyfonr  houis  thereafter,  or  pa.t  thereof,  eonsiitiUis  ;i  . 1 1\'> 
d(M'kaj.'e. 

•_'■_'.   No  deductions  will  be  made  for  Sundays,  holidavs.  or  raiiiy  da.vs. 

'J.'k  .\  vessel  arrivinj:  from  leased  premises  will  be  eliar^^ed  at  the  same  rate  ami  in  tin  nn 
inaiiiier  as  if  ari  iv  in;.'  fioin  the  stream. 

21.  Ifa  vessel  iMMiipics  two  dillerent  berths  on  the  sameda.v  she  will  becliar;;ed  docl..:i-e  Im  hii! 
one  day,  which  must  be  paid  at  the  whaif  lirsi  occupied. 

'J't.  \essels  mav  be  assi^'iied  belt  lis  to  repair- at  ipiai  ter  dockay:e  I  ates  ;  but  to  entith' aiiv  x.-.mI 
to  the  beiielit  id  this  iille,  her  ownei.  coiisi^tnec.  <u  captain  must  :ipply  to  the  chief  wliailnu.i. 
who  may  assi-n  her,  in  writing',  a  berth,  pnrsiiaid  to  sueh  application.  .\iid  in  no  case  mn-  n. 
i]iiaiter  r;ite  commence  belbre  the  date  of  the  order  assimiin;;  the  berth,  but  must,  in  e\ei-  hi 
stance,  commenceeonteinpoianeonsly  there  with,  or  at  such  a  snbseipieiil  date  as  mav  be  speciM  •!  iii 
the  order, 

L'l).  The  term  wliarf  embraces  every  strnctnre  to  which  vessels  make  fasl.oriui  whieli  inei'  ',  lu 
diHii  is  discharged,  or  from  which  it  is  loaded. 


r  till'    \vli,lil,;i.'|.i. 


)  rnmi  liillii  .  ..|u,ii 

allowed  Id  \,  iu,\\\\ 

or  sliiM.vri  iiiM||t 

trdi'lMisilni  ill  tlic 

'^  llolli  till'  ll.lllllll 
•I'lllOVClj     I'll. Ill     ill,. 

Ilic  \vli:illii'-i  I  111 
III  iipiiii.ilii  I     v{ 

II,  nor  till    viiicK 

■     Mlll'll     ololl  III  Hull 

I'  coiisliliil  Hi-  111,. 
\\('lil.\  li\i'  ilii!l,iis 
T  witll  till'  I  \|iillM. 

Ills.  Illili'ss  ;|i|lliiir 
llMsC,   plllSIMIll   111 

rl':!;^!',  or  lolK  inils! 
lilt  iimii  r  li  i^i'. 
siros  111  "I  I'lirr, 
|iit'iit  list  aiiil  iiiii>t 
Ic  the  lull  III'  il 

y  tlif  orili'i  ^  >'\  till' 
if  the  liarliiii  m  ic 
tint'   not  cxri  iiliii;; 

lie  watci  t'liiiil  li.\  a 
r  |i('isoii  imii^iil:  It, 
iclisc  of  tlir  ii  p.ni> 

(llllt'S  «  Itlllll    .1   i|"l'k, 

I'Dlistillllr^    I  il  i>'> 


itf  anil  ill  till-  -mil 

■;t'll  ilorka^fl.il  hut 

loi'lltitlc  aii\  \'^-ri 

II'  cllU't'  wliai  i'!i;ri, 

II  MO t'lisc  iiiii~;  liii' 

iniisl.   ill  i'\ii.\    111 

S  |lia\    111'  s|irri.-lii  ill 
roll  wllirll  llirl  '  '.  Ill 


TACIKR'    COAST    l'!l,oT. 


miTIKS   ol'   Till',   CIIIKI'    WlIAItKlMil.; 


G43 


1.  Tim  cliipf  wliiirdiip'r 


must  .station,  hcrtli,  ami  ii';;iilati'  t 


il  harbor,  and  caiiso  tlicin  to  iciiiovr.  I'lom  tiim'  to  timi'  ami  tiuin  pj 
iivi'iiicni'i',  safety,  am!  jjooil  onlcr  mav  icoiiiii'. 


II'  iKisitioii  ot  vessels  in  the  doeks 
[ilaee  to  jilaee.  as  the  ^'eiienil 


lie  shall  i'e<|iiire  all  s|ii|i  niasters,  ci 


re;.'iilations  of  the  board. 

,'{.   lie  shall  re(|iiire  the  docKs,  si 


'"■■''^' -•  l'il'il>,  ami  masters  of  low-boats  toeonform  to 


oard,  to  be  Kent  free  of  all  obstnielioiis  ;  ami  wli 


i|is.  wharfs,  pirrs  ami  other  premises  iiiider  tl 


le.jiirisilii'tion  of 


I  he  same,  lie  must  forthwith  repml  the  fart  to  the  linaul,  ami 


en   parties  tail  to  nhev  his  onler  t 


o  remove 


ixeeiile  its  oiileriii  relation  thereto. 


KXTRAcrs  I'KiiM  nil',  ciuir.s  and  srArrrr.; 


If  liny  nmster,  auenl,  or  owner  of  any  water  erall  shall 
■rs  or  dire(!tions  of  the  chief  warliii^ei   in  anv  i 


Imr,  or  the  removal  or  slatioiiiiiL;-  of  ai 


leetiii^;  is  guilty  of  u  iiiisdemeaiior,  ami.  npmi  ei>n\  ietinu  t| 


lelilseor  lic.i,'lei'f  to  obe'  the  lawful 
natter  pertaiiiiii;;  to  the  iv-iihil inns  of  said  liar- 
ly  water  I'l.ill,  siirh  iiiastei.  affeiif.  ur  owner  so  lefiisiii"-  or 


II  isdietion,  sliiill  be  punished  by  a  line  not    to  exeeed  t 


leieiii  liejiiie  aii.\  court  of  ciiinpetent 


lice  hiimlreil  duliars.  nr  liy  iiiiprisoiimeiit 


iii.itoexeeed  one  hundred  days  in  the  jail  of  the  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco.— ^I'oliticiil 
(  .iiie.  secliiin  L'.-)tl), 

.Ml  pei.soiis  are  forbidden  to  deiiosii.  or  ciiise  to  be  depiiMtid.  in  the  waters  of  the  hai'lior  of 
Sill  I'raneiseo,  as  described  in  the  piccediiiL;  sccHon-,,  any -nli-iance  that  will  sink  and  lorm  a.i  i.b- 
siiiictionto  iiaviiiation,  without  lirst  nliiainiii;,'  the  permi.ssion,  in  uriliiij;-,  of  the  board  of  Mtato 
h.iibor  eomiiiissioiiers,  which  permission  shall  deserilie,  with  an  onbiiary  de^'recof  cerlaiiity.  tho 
place  where  such  dt'iiosit  may  be  made;  and  the  secret  u>  of  the  Imaid  >liall  leconl  such  permis- 
sion. .Viiy  |ierso!i  violaiiii;;  the  prohiliition  contained  in  iliis  section  is  -iiiily  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and.  npiui  convielion  thereof  before  a  cmiit  ol  conipcteiil  jiii  isdieiinii.  shall  lie  tincd  not  less  than 

hundred    nor  more  than  live  liiimlred   dollais,  or  iiii{ii  isoiied  in  ilir  iail  el'  ilie  cil.\  and  county 

el  San  l''raiieiseo  not  less  than  thirty  nor  iimie  than  iiinet\  ila\^;  /'/e//</r(/,  I'h.it  nothiiij;  herein 
shall  be  eoiistrued  to  prevent  or  iiitcrleie  with  the  consti iictinii  ni  woiks  now  in  proj;ress  in  con- 
nection witli  Oakland  Harbor. — (I'olitical  Code,  sciiion  l'.")!:;.) 

liAKiaii;  rtiJK  r.iiAis. 

There  are  two  powerful  steani  lire  boats  on  constant  duty  in  the  liarlior  of  Sail  Francisco,  and 
tlicstoain  lireenjjines  of  the  city  have  access  to  all  the  wharves. 

KATK.S   til'    DIlCKAlli;    IilK     TI'l',    I'OIM'    OK   SAN    11! ANilSCO. 
(  Karl  I  r:ili'  is  tor  a  ihi>  el'  I  \mtiI\  -runr  cJI  >  Imiirs.  nr  ;iii\  |iart  llnTi'iit'. ") 


I.  For  all  neoaii  ve.ssols,  .steaii 


1  or  sail,  anil  all  sail  xe-si 


Is.  iiavi-atinu:  the  I'.ay  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  the  rivers  and  other  waters  tlouiii;;  into  it.nllwii  iiiiinlieil  net  registered  tons  or  iiiider, 
tun  cents  per  lijii;  lor  all  such  vessels  of  o\ei  luo  liiindied  iici  leulsiered  tons,  four  dollars  for  tho 
liisi  two  hundred  tons,  and  three  fourths  ol  a  ceiil  lor  each  addition, il  ion, 

2.  For  steam  boats  naviuatiiiu  the  I'.ay  of  San   I'laiiciseo  and  the  waters  llowinj;  into  it,  and 

used  for  carry  in;;  freiehi  or  passeii;;ers,  of  two  hniidied  Ions  or  iiinlei.  ;:rii~s  hull  iiieasiireinent, 

I  Ml  c(  iits  per  ton  on  such  mcasiirement.  Ini'  such  Imits  of  over  t«o  hniidred  tons,  ^^oss  hull  mens- 

meiit.  four  dollars  for  the  tirst  two  hundred  tons  of  such   nicasiiiciiieiit.  and  tlireefoiirths  of  a 

relit  lor  each  ailditional  ton. 

•{.  For  bar'^es  of  two  hundred  Ions  lU'  iinili  r,  two  cents  per  ion  ;  for  barjzes  over  two  hundred 
Inns,  four  dollars  for  tirst    two   liiimlreil  tons,  and  three  fourths  of  a  cent  for  each  additiiuial  ton. 

haijiinu  ballast,  or  lyiii.i:-  idle,  or  occiipyiiiK 


I.  \'ess»'ls  wliiU^  taking  in  earjio.  or  reeeiv  in:;  or  disch 
'iitside  liertlis,  or  niooriMl  in  docks,  slips,  basins,  or  canals,  aw  siiliiei 
i-e:   I'nuiiltiL  That  vessels  not  used   lor  caiiyiiii;-   IVci.Ljhl  or  passeiij;er> 


t  only  to  half  rates  of  dock- 
shall   not    be  entitled  to 


half  rates. 
When  the  jxt  dieni  doekaee  of  a  vessel,  as  above  pre 


<cril)i'd.  is  not  a  multiple  of  five,  it 


i.'iusl    be  reduced  or  iiicrea.sed,  as  the  case  may  lie,  to  the  nearest  such  niiiltip 


le:    I'roridi'il,  That 


ii  II  be  eijuully  near  to  two  sncli  iiiulliples,  it  must  be  increased  to  the 


tirst  such  multiple  above. 


.il.  a 


'  JS 


n 


li,    ,     .  iW* 


V.     1 


■Mm 


!<«■ 


1 1"-^' 

i 

,        ■■    • 

•»44  I'AciKic  ("oAsr  I'li.or. 

IIKAI.TII   AM>  ylAKANTIXK    LAWS   lui;    ini;    IIAIMIOK  Ol'  SAN   rKAX<  1S(  u,   i  — i. 

lull  III    \l     I'liliK. 

Skction  ;!(M»|.  Tlio  i|iiitriintiii<<  uroniiils  of  tin-  li;i\  iiml  Imilinr  of  San  I'lamisto  air  ,ii  d,,. 
aiit'liiiiaut'  iif  Saiii't'liti), 

Sr.c.  ;{(»l;!.  Sliipniastcrs  lirinj.'jii':  vessels  intn  tin-  liaii.or  of  San  !■  raiuMMo.  aii<l  in,isi,rs. 
owiuTs.  or  <'iiiisi;;iiccs  liaNiii;;  vt'sscls  in  tlu'  liailmr  «liuli  liavf  nii  Itnanl  an\  casi-s  nt  Ahiih' 
rliolna.  small  |ii)\.  vcilow.  l>|i|ins.  or  slii|»  Icmt  niiisl  ri'|iuil  llif  saiiic,  in  willing',  lo  llir  i|  i  u.in 
tiin-  olliccr  lifiuir  lainlin;:  aii>  |ia.-<s<'nnfrs,  iMstini,'  aiirinir,  ni  coiiunn  to  an.v  «liail.  m  .,,  mhh, 
llicrtMl'It'i- a-i  llu'V.or  fitlicrot'  tlifin,  Ih'chiiic  awairul  tin-  cmsIciici' of  cJtliiT  ul'  iIu'iIim  i-i^m, 
lioaid  ol  tlicir  \  rssrls. 

Si'.r.  ;!(tl  J.   No  captain  or  other  otViccr  in  roiiiinantl  of  any  mwscI  sailing,'  niiilcr  a  rc;:i-.i.'i  ,,,!n 
in;;  at    tlir  |iori  ol'  San   I'ranriseo,  nor  aii\  owner,  consi-ncc,  ,i;:('nl.  oi   anv  oilier  |ieisoii   Iih\iii' 

eliar^re  of  slleli  vessel    lllllst,  lllliler  a  pelialtv   of  not  less    than  one  hilliilreil  ilollai's,  lioi    liiiiic  ili.n, 

one  tiioiisaiiil  tlollai's,  laini,  or  |H'riiiit   ti>  lie  lainieil,  anv  Irei^'iil,  passi'ii;:ei's,  or  other  |Misni>.  ii 

sneii  vessels  until  lie  lias  repoiteil  to  the  <|iiaiaii>  iiie  ollieer,  presented  liis  liiil  of  heallh.  .unl  i,. 
eeiveil  a  perinil  from  that  otheer  to  laml  frei;;lit,  passen;.'eis,  or  other  persons. 

Si:('.  .!(l|."i.  ICverv  pilot  who  eoinlnelH  into  the  port  of  San  I'raiieiseo  any  vessel  sni,  it  in 
ipiarantine,  or  examination  liy  tlie  ipiaianline  ollieer,  iiiiisl  — 

I'irst.   IJriny:  the  vessel  no  iieanT  tlie  ei  y  than  is  alloweil  liy  law; 

Seeoiiil.  I'leveiil  any  person  t'roin  leaviii;;  and  any  eoimniiiiiealion  lieiii;;  niaile  with  iIicvinmI 
iintler  liis  ehai';.'e  until  the  ipi  iranline  ollieer  has  Imanled  her  and  ;:iven  the  necessary  onliis  .imi 
direct  ions; 

Third,  r.e  vi^iilant  in  preveiitiii;:  any  viidation  of  the  (piarantine  laws;  and  repoii  uiilinni  ijr 
lay  all  such  violal  ions  tli.it  come  to  his  know  led ltc  to  the  i|ii.iianl  ine  ollieer  ; 

l''onitli.  rreseiil  the  misler  of  the  Vessel  \Mlli  a  piinled  copy  of  the  ipiaiaiitine  law-.  llIlll■>^ 
he   has  one : 

I'llth.  If  the  vessel  is  snlijcet  to  tpiaraiitine,  liy  leason  of  infection,  place  at  the  inasl  lir.nl  .1 
siniill  yellow  tia;:. 

Hr.c.  ,!(lUi.  |-'.veiy  master  of  a  vessel  subject  to  ipiarantine  or  visitation  by  the  ipiu  uiiiiii' 
ollieer.  arriv  in;;  at  the  poi  t  of  .San  I'lancisco,  «  ho  refuses  or  iie;:leci  >,  eiiher — 

|-ii-t.  To  proceed  with  and  anchor  his  vessel  at  llie  place  assi;;ned  lor  ipiaraiilnir  lilmi 
le;;ally  directed  so  to  do;  or 

Second.  To  snl'iiiil  his  vessel,  c;ii;;o.  and  passeii;;eis  to  the  ipiarantine  ollieer,  ai  d  Im  iii^li  ill 
iieeessary  inloriiiation,  to  eiialile  that  ollieer  to  ileleiiinnc  what  ipiaiaaline  or  oilier  ie:;iil.iiiiiii-i 
they  oll;;lll   respectively  to    lie    ,s||li|ecl  ;    or 

Third.  To  report   all    c.ises  o|'    disease    and  ol  deaths  oeciirrin^:  on  his  vessel,  and  In  i.iii|,l\ 
with   all  the  sanitary  regulations  of  the  liay  ami  haibor; 
— is  liable  III  the  sum  of  live  hundred  dollars  for  evfiy  such  ne;;lect   or  lel'nsal. 

.Si;c.  .lOl  7.  All  vessels  ariiv  in;:  otV  the  port  of  San  I'lanciseo  from  pot  is  w  hich  have  been  j.  _  i\\\ 
deilaied  infected  ports,  and  all  vessels  aiiiviii;;  from  pmls  v\  licit'  there  is  prev  ailiii;;  .il  iln- 
time  of  their  depart  lire  any  coiitay;ioiis,  inlect ions,  or  pest ilmiial  diseases,  or  vessels  vmiIi  ih  .'.ivihl' 
earpies.  or  "  hich  have  iiniisiially  bnil  or  olVensive  holds,  aie  siiliiecl    to  ipiarantiiie,   and   iiiii-l  I'l. 

by  the  master,  owner,    pilot    or   eonsi;;iiee,    reported    to  t  he  ipiai  ant ollieer  w  it  Inmt  dilu  .     N" 

such  v.-ssel  iniisl  cross  a  ii^-ht  line  drawn  fiom  .Mei-;,'s's  whail  to  Ahatra/.  Island  iiiiiil  tin  .|ii.ii 
aiitiiie  ollieer  has  boarded  her  and  ;;iven  the  order  reipiiied  b,v  law. 

Sk.c.  .{(IIS.  The  .|iiaiaiitine  oHicer  must  board  every  vessel  siibjcet  to  ipiarantine  or  v  i-il.ili.'i 
by  him  iminedialely  on  herarrival,  make  such  examinalion  and  inspection  of  vessel,  bonks,  p.ip.i^. 
or  c.irt:",  or  of  the  persons  on  boarti,  under  oath,  as  he  may  pnlKe  expedien!,  and  di;in:i;i' 
whether  the  vessel  should  be  ordered  to  ipiarantine ;  and,  if  so,  the  period  of  ipiarantine. 

Sr.c.  .iOlH.  No  captain  or  •itlier  ollieer  in  coiiimaiid  of  anv  passen;;er  carry  in;:  vessel  ol  hhp 
than  one   hundred   and   lifty   Ions   biiideii,  nor  of  any    ves.sels  ol  iiiore  than  one  humlied  ainl  m 

tons  burden  hiving  pa.sseii;,'eis  on  board,  nor  any  owner,  coiisiy ,  ay:ent.  or  other  person  Imm:. 

chaiK't*  of  such  vessel  or  ves.sels,  must,  under  a  penalty  of  not  less  than  <tne  linndred  iloll.ii-.  i' 
more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  land  or  permit  to  be  l.iiiiled  any  passenger  bi'in  a  vess.  !,  ui.i 
he  lias  iireseiiteil  his  bill  of  health  to  the  ipiaianline  oiliier,  anil  received  a  iiorniil  from  that  "llii>r 


IICISCM   ill''    i!    llir 

.(•11,  ami   II  ,is|,.rs, 

r:\sfs  I.I    A-i,iiic 

i;;.  Ill  llii'  1(1. II, III. 

U  lial  I.  Ill     .1^    .mill 
t'  till'  (ll.M-  IM  V  nil 

IT  a  rf;.'i-<li  I  .Mii\ 

Id      IM'IMlll     IlilMII;; 

;n>,  nor  inmi-  ilnni 
illicr  pi'iMiii^  hoiii 

III'   lirall  li,  .iiiij  ir 


I'ACIIIC    (iiAM     I'll. Ill' 


G45 


li;  land  siit'li  passoii^rcr,  .'xccpt  in  .siidi  ,■; 
licnnit  liftiin».s(M'iii;;  the  Itill  ol'  health. 
Ski'.  .tOLM*.  'I'hi'  lollowiii;;  fees  iiiav  li 
land  I'n'ijjhl  or  passcn^rcrs,  ur  linth,  t 


.■*fs  as  till.  i|iiai.iiiniii' 


I'lMci'i    ili'i'iii.s  it   .safe  t 


ciilli'i'tcii  liy  till'  i{iiiiiaiit 


til 


iiii'ollii'i'i  :    i 


iiiiiii  aii,\  port  mil  of  llii.>^  Stale,  two  dnilais  and  lit 


lOIII   ail\   .S.llllll;;    M'SScl  lllll'ss  I| 


<|  Rive  till 


'II  ^d\iii;j  a  pcniiit 


id  toii.s  liiinh-ii,  (ivf  diillai's :  r.icli  adiiit ii 


I.V  ri'lil-.  ;   ii\|.|    li ,,.  I 


ildilioiial  two  dollars  and  lilt.v  rents.     I'',,;  sii 


iial   mil'  thiiiis.iinl 


i.in  livi'lii'inlreil  tons  liiiidi'i 
"iii'lieii  and  iimlei'  one  llioii. 


i'iii>  1 


iiiiilen.  111-  liai'iioM  tliereiil', 


,l  one  Ihoii.saiid  Ions  liiirden  or  less,  live  ilojlai.s.  ami  two  i| 


nil  \e-se|s,  |,|i,|i,.||,.||  1,1 


tlioiisand  Ions  liiir-leii,  or  rraeiioi 


ill. 


"liiije  or  ill  ),;ii|  |,y  Steam, 


I  then 


lull 


■•eU    IH'l 


steam,  sailin;;  to  and  Ironi  any  pmi  or  poii>  of  the  I'l.'iii,-  .Siai, 
tories,  and  wlialiii};  vessels  cntenn;;  the  harlini  or  Sm  I'l.n 
ol'  lliis  .section. 

Skc.  .1(121.  'I'lie  hoard  of  health  may  eiilon 
sliip.s,  or  coining  IVoiii  inleeted  ports. 


ir>  .mil  iiii\  nuts  I,, I  eai'h  aililitiiiiial 
iiiiji'  Hill  IN  whole  or  in  pari  hy 


if   Hie    I'lMl 


I'll  .Stales,  or  Terr 


H-lseo,  .lie  iMrliliil    iMiiii    1 


I  'lie  prii\  isioii.s 


'■  '■'"iii"il-i.iy  v,iei'iii,iti 11  p,isM.|iM,.i.s  in  intucted 


lasiii.i  ii'.s  III-  iiiiAiiii  .11 


h'isiilrtil.  Tlial  all  vessels  aniviii.;  iroiii  China  I 


thai  all  pa.s.seiit;ers  he  miiNteied  on  ihrU  in  the  piesence  nfil 


I  he  iei|iiiiiil  to  eoine  to  aiielior  ill  the  hav,  and 


to  a  personul  e.xainiiiatioii  li\  him  lielnie  hein-  peiiniiiiil  in  himl.     ,  r,isM.il  .\l 


le  '|ii  11. inline  ollieer,  and  he  suhjeeted 


i\  I'd,  IsT.'l.) 


aile  with  the  M'VM-I 
•eessary  onli  i-.  .iml 

I  rejioi'l  \\  itlii'iii  ill' 
ranline  lau  ^.  llllil■>^ 

at  the  masi  III  .III  .1 
liy   the  ijiMi  iiilaii' 

II  ipiaranliiie   uIhh 

lieer,  ai  d  I'm  hisli  all 
ir  oilier  reuulilinii'^ 

s.sel,  and  til  r.iii)|il> 


ieh  havelieeii  |i'-.ill> 
Is  prevailiii;;  .it  'In- 
essel.s  with  'h  i'.ivihl' 
inline,  and  in'i-i  '"■ 
r  «  itliiiut  ih  1  !  '^ 
shind  iiniil  111'  •!"''> 

irantine  or  \  i^t.iti.n 

*  essel,  hooks.  |i.i|iir^ 
lent,  and  deii  iniiin' 
ipiarantiiii'. 
r\  inj;  vessel  nl  iihH' 
ine  hiinilied  .mil  lit'* 
r  other  person  Immv: 
Imndred  doll.ii-.  i"'i 
Irom  a  ves-i  I.  inini 
'I'liiit  I'ltiin  111. 'I  '  lliiir 


TlIK   1)1  TV    111'-    illl'-.    1'(i1M-\V.\1;1)I;NS   iif   .SAN    li;\M|.si  ,,    \mi   ,,iiii;|;    I'iiKT.S  111.-  (  AI.II.'OI.'MA. 


I'll!  1  I  li    M     1  ii|i|.    Ill     I    Mil  ..KMA. 


ARTICLK  VIII.   Sl'.cridN  -'."idl.     Ihei 


e  ,ire    liiiir 


p'lii  waiileiis  I'll  th,.  poi'i  and  harlior  of  Si 


l''raiii'iseo,  and  one  lor  each  and  e\ery  nlher  purl  oi  eiiii\  uiilnn  ihi^  Shiii 

Skc.  2."iO,'{.  The  port  wardens,  when  iei|iiiieil  li\  aii,\  peisun  inieii^ieil  in  either  ves.sel 


III 


or  cariid. 


iiisl  survey  any  vessel  ariiMiiL;   in  ilisiress,  m    uhieh  has  Mist.niinl  ihiiiiau 


Mirvt'y  in  whole  or  in   pail  Ihe  eai;;ii  Iheienl,  .nnl  must   siirvei  the  halih 


all  vessels  laden  with  ueiieial  or  assnrteil  meiehainlise  lieliiii-iii;^  i 


e  or  iMjiiiA  at  .sea,  and 
es.  stoiaf-e,  and  cargo  ol' 


r  eiillsi;;lii'i|  to   v; 


partie: 


The  daniaec  .sustained  at  sea  appeii,iii]>  in  s.iiN,  ii;:mn';.  .-pais,  hull,  and  caij^o,  whelh 
eanseil  hy  stress  ol' weather,  sti  .inilliiu.  i  nlllsinii,  or  hy  olhei  aiinlelil. 

Section  l:,"»ll  preserihes  a  peiialls  nl'  imt  less  than  li\e  liiiinlreil  ilnllais  noi  imiiethano 
llioiisaiid  upon  any  other  person  u  ho  pei  Inriiis  aii\  nl   t  he  iliiiii.-.  ol   pnrl-wanleii.     In  marine  si 


ir- 


veys  the  port wardens  are,  howexer,  aiilhnii/.eil  to  ieiii;;ni/e  ainl  eo  n|iiiate  with  .siieli  parties  as 
may  he  desi;;naled  hy  the  re|iieseiilati\cs  ot  loieij^n  jjoveinmeiils,  iiinlei  writers,  and  owners  or 
cuiKsifiiiii'S  oi  ves.sel.s, 

I'NITDK    SI'AI'llS    SltiriMMi    (  i  iM  M  l-SH  iM.i;    At'   .s\N    I  i;  AMI.si'd. 

The  {Ji''""''"'  lui.siness  III'  the  ...-hippiNL;  eiiiiiiiiissiniier  is  to  allniil  rariliiies  I'nr  enua-iin;;  sea- 
men, Ity  keeping;  a  rey;is|er  of  their  n, lines  and  eh.iiaeiiis;  in  >iipi  rinieml  their  en^auemeiil  .iiid 
(li.scliai'Kc;  to  provide  means  lor  .^eeniinu  tin  ii  piesenie  nii  hnanl,  ami  In  I'aiilitale  the  making'  of 
apprentices  to  the  sea  sei\  lee,      lie  shall    hear  ,1111 1  ileii'h   aii>  i|iie>iinii   liel"  leii  ,1  mastei .  owner, 

he  hiliilillu  nil  hoi  h  parties. 


isignee,  and  aiiv  of  Ihe  crew ,  ami  an\  auanl  sn  mail 


e  li\    llllll  sll.ll 


SYNOPSIS  OK  THK  SHIHI'ING  ACT    KNOWN  AS  "  THK  Ml  Ndll-Y  ACT.  '  Al'IM.YING  TO  VESSELS 
OK  THK  UNITKU  STATKS.     AppiovL-.l  June  jd,  i8«4.     Aiiiuiulii.intr.  in  Jiiiu-  z\.  1886. 

Skction  1.   Iteliexes  vessels,  iiniler  eel  lain  I'liiiililiiiiis,  I'liiiii   the  pen.il  tniiiiaue  ta\  herelot'ore 
le\ied  lor  the  einploynieiil  of  alien  otlieeis  iimler  the  Lirade  nl'  maslei. 

•am. Ill  w  Illl  has  coiniileted  lii.s 
nn  iileil  in  this  act. 
riiii'iL:n  |Miil.  on  the  ;;i(Hinil   that  the 

rvice  of 


ii'iT  ran    ili^'/liarue  a  m 


Ski'.  2.   I'pon  application,  a  eonsiihu    nl1 
shipping;  a;,'re«'inent,  hiil  iioe\lra  \\,i;:es  are  m  lie  p.iid,  e\'^i  pi  a> 

Skc.  .'{.   rpon  applicatiiili  of  ;l  se.iinall  Ini  iIim  harue  al 
voyafie   had    been   iinneeessai  il\    priiliiii,i,'ei|.  or  that    he  h.is   received  aii.\    iiiinix  111  the  se 
ilie  ve.s.sel,  he  .shall  receive  one  nionth's  extra  wa^es  if  sn  il  -chari;eil. 


Skc.  4.  A  «eaiuan  can  procure  his  ili- 


rliaii;e  111 


,1  fniii;;ii  pull  ami  iii'i    inniit  li's  extra  wa;;es,  il 


the  inspectors  report  that   the   vessel   was  .sent   to  s«'a  luisi 
design. 


iil.ihh    piiivideil,  thiiiiit:h   nei^lei't  or 


.i  ■ ,  ■  ■ ! 


!■'« 


!'   in 


1       ":'f 


I: 


.'11..  Hut 


^,;iv;}|-t-||l 


G46 


I'Aciiic  (  M.\sr  ni.iii 


Skc.  Ti.  If  a  VOH80I  is  sold  in  a  foifijjii  |m)ii.  tin-  m-hiiu'ii  iiii'  «'iitilltMl  Id  niir  nmniir  ,^1,.,, 
wiijrt's,  iinh'SH  otlier  oinplnynii-ni  is  jjivi-ii  tlit>iii  us  pntviilotl. 

SKr.  (!.  If  till'  ilcsiTtioii  of  a  si'uiiian  in  ciuisi'il  h\  cnn'l  tri>atiii«'iit,  lio  sliali  In-  liis.  hu.,  ,|  in 
fill'  loiisiilar  ortifiT,  anil  H'im'Ivi'  oni'  inoiitli's  i-xtra  wa^i's. 

Sr.r.  !».  Ail  vossrls  in  fori-iK"  IhhIs,  anil  hoiunl  to  a  Imnii'  poil,  an-  n  iiiiiitil  to  ti;iii>| ,  ;  ,|,, 
titnti>  sfaniiMi  on  I'ortain  ti-iins. 

Ski.  m.  as  anu-nili'il.  I'mliibits  llii"  payiiiiMii  of  atlvanrril  \va;;is  to  a  .-1  ;Mnaii  lu  liu  ,i\  n,,. 
tlu' iKirt  at  wliii'li  111' is  i'n};a;:i'il:  /V(ii((/r«/,  Tlial  it  shall  liclawliil  tor  aii\  siainaii  lo  vii|.(i;  ,1. m 
his  sliipitMi};  ajfri-i'iiu'iit  for  an  allotiiii'iil  of  all  or  any  poition  of  ilic  wa^'i's  w  Inrji  jir  iii;i\  ,  ,,|,  |„ 
Ills  w  iff,  iniitlicr,  or  otlii'i'  I't-lativi',  or  to  an  orif^inal  rri'ililoi,  in  liipinlalion  of  any  iii>l  iliiii  |,,| 
lioanl  or  I'lotliin^,  wliirli  In' iiia\  liavi- I'ontr.irti'd  prior  In  i'n;;a;,'('iiMMit,  not  cM'i'filin;;  tin  .liiihu. 
prr  niontli  for  carli  inontli  of  tli<'  iinii'  nsnally  rripiiri'il  for  tin*  \o,\a;:i'  foi'  wliirli  tlir  mmiimh  Ii,i> 
sliippi-il.  iimU'r  siU'li  rr;:nlalion  as  the  Si-rri'tar\  of  tin- 'rrrasiUN  iimn  pirM-riln-;  Init  n>>  alli'inn  ni 
to  any  person  or  corporation  shall  lie  lawful.  And  any  inastrr,  owner,  ronsijiin'i',  or  a;;ciii  ui  .im 
for(>i}:n  vcss<  I  who  has  violaird  this  strtion  :  hall  Itr  lialilf  to  the  sainr  pcnall.v  thai  tin- mkoi.  1, 
o\\  nrr,  or  a^cnt  ol  a  vvssid  of  I  hi'  I  niti'd  Stall's  would  lir  for  a  similar  violation. 

Si:i\  11.  I''\»'ry  vi'ssi'lis  to  l>i'  pio\  idnl  w  iili  a  ship  rhrst.  npiilainiiii.' a  snil.ilih' roiii|.|.  n,,  ui 
of  rlothin;;,  I'tr.,  to  lu'  sold  to  thi'  scaini'ii  al  a  stipulated  aihanee  on  rosl.  This  seel  inn  d'M^  niii 
apply  to  vis.sels  plvin;;  lietween  the  riiiled  Slates  and  Me\iro,  Ceiilral  Aineriea,  and  xiun  ,,i|i,i 
coiintiieson  the  .Mianlie  sealioaid,  nor  to  lisliiiii:  or  whaliii;^  vev.M'Is. 

Hki'.  r_'.    Aliolishes  eonsiilar  fees  for  sei\  iees  to  ves.sels  and  seamen. 

Ski'.  1;!.  Proviili's  thai  a  master  shall  reipiire  a  written  siati'iiieiit  from  the  eonsiilar  uHm  ii  di 
all  otileial  servii-es  reiuU'red  l>y  him,  and  furnish  it  to  the  colleetor  of  the  dislriet  al  wlileh  hr  -hall 
lirst  arrive. 

8E('.  14.  Aliolishes  the  old  toiinap'  tax  of  thirty  eents  a  ton  and  imposes  the  tax  at  Hm'  i,i;i 
of  three  ami  six  eents,  as  spei'ilied,  the  total  not  to  exeeed  fifteen  and  thirty  eents  pel  .niiiiiin. 
iimli'i  certain  eondjtioiis  and  slipiilations. 

Ski'.  1."».   Aliolishes  the  nianiie  hospital  lax  on  .seamen. 

Hkc.  t>^.  Limits  the  individnal  lialnlity  of  a  shipowner  to  the  pro|iiirtion  of  any  or  all  IliIhIiihn 
that  his  individual  share  hears  to  the  whole,  and  the  a;;^re^ate  lialiiiities  of  all  the  owiui-ni  ,1 
vessel  on  aeeoiint  i!  the  same  shall  not  exeeeil  the  value  ot  sueh  \issel  and  frii;;ht  pi  inlin.;. 
Amrniliil  to  apjily  to  all  .sea  jjoiii);  vessels,  and  also  to  all  vessels  used  on  lakes,  rivers,  v.  \\\\m<\ 
iiavi;;ation,  ineliidin;;  canal  boats,  liar;:es,  and  li;:hteis. 

Ski',  lit.  I'liihiliits  the  pavmeiil  of  additional  fees  when  a  seainan  is  reen;;a^ed  or  rc^liii'|Mi| 
on  a  Vessel  inakiii;;  refjiilar  trips  lietween  the  I'liiled  Siales  and  foiei;;n  countries.  Il  als"  .i;iii«> 
the  eiij;aneinent  ol  a  seaman  for  a  vessel  in  the  forei;;n  trade  for  one  or  more  round  trips  ni  iii  .1 
ilefiiiiti  jicrioil,  whatever  the  destination  of  the  vessel. 

Ski'.  "Ji*.  I'einiits  the  si.nil.ir  enf;a;;enient  of  a  seaman  in  a  forei;,Mi  port  upon  a  ves^i'l  \u  tin' 
loreiKii  trade,  ami  waives  the  reipiireinent  oi  reshipiiient  of  sinh  .seaman  in  a  port  of  iIh  I  :  iini 
States,  and  al.so  waives  the  n  iinireiiicnt  to  return  him  to  the  I'liiled  Slates. 

Ski'.  LM.  IVrinits  the  liailint;  port  of  a  ves.sci  to  lie  either  the  port  where  she  is dociiniini.  >!.  "i 
the  place  where  she  is  built,  or  wheic  one  or  more  ot  the  owners  resule.s. 


Ii '       ? 


1  :f 


AMKNDMKMM  iH"  .H\K  '.'I.   1— ti 

SKf.  1.  On  and  aftor  July  1,  IH^iil,  no  fee.i  shall  be  cliar^;ed  or  collceted  by  collectors  <n  .il..  i 
oflicers  of  customs,  or  by  inspectors  of  steam  vessels.  »v  shipiiiiif.'  eommisMoiiii>  loi  the  IoIm  .■ 
.services  to  ve.s.sds  of  the  rnite.l  States,  to  wit  :    .Measurement  of  tonna^:.'  and  ceinl.Mii;:  He      1    ■ 

i.ssnin«  of  lieeii.se  or  Kii'i'tiu).'  "f  cerlilicate  of  re^'istry,  n rd,  01  cniolliiicnt,  including'  all  iimIhi.v. 

nicnts  on  the  same,  and  bond  and  oah  ;  in.lorscinent  of  .halite  of  master;  certifying  and  iv,  r  ^  ,11- 
manifest,  master's  oath,  and  permit;    j;iantinK  permit  to  v.'ssels  licensed  for  the  lish.ncs  i^     i' li 

and   trade;  ;;rantin^'  certilicale  of  pay nl   of  tonnaK'e  dues;  lecudiiiK'   bill   of  .sale,  1 ■■.'.•■ 

hypothecati or  eonveyance,  or  the  discliaiKe  of  such   morlua-e  or  hypotlieeation  ;   liirin  ..:ii^ 

eeitilicate  of  title;  furnishing  the  crew  li.sl,  including  1'<>I"I  :  cci  lili.'ate  of  i-roleetion  to  >,  .ni.Hi; 
billof  health;  shipping' ordischaiKiuK  of  .seamen,  as  provided  by  Tiile  ."..{of  the  Uevised  Si.,  ''- 
and  .section  2  of  this  act  ;  apprentiein«  boys  to  the  nicrehant  service;  inspecting,  cxaniiniii..  n'i 
licensing  steam  vesstls,  ineludiiiK  iuspeclion  certilieate  and  coiiici  ihereof;  and  liceiisint'  «'l  i"  i^"i. 
engineer,  pilot,  or  mate  of  a  ve.s.scl. 


H'  iiiiiiiiir  v^tr,, 
»'  ilisili.ii .,  ,|  In 

II     lit  l.ilr    ,,   ,n  iiij, 

111  lo  .-ii|"i:  ill  III 

I  111'  IIM\  t  1,1,  I,, 
ll.V  Hl-I  <l>l.|  Ihi 
•illli;;    I.  11  clullat- 

till'    M.llll.ll;    ||,|, 
I'llt   l|..,|l|,,|!,|,.||, 

•  T  a;:i'iii  oi  .iiu 

lllilt    till'   !ll.|>tl  I, 

lllll'  <-li||i|<!<  nirlil 
Sl'Cllnll   ij.K  s    111,1 

1,  aijil  >iiiiM  .iiliii 


IIIISIIJ.II    illlii  rl    III' 
al    Wllil'll   hr  >||;||| 

H-  la\  al  II. !•  i.iic 
rt'iil.s  pel  aiiiiiuii. 


|i\  or  all  liaiiiliiii's 

1     llh'    (IWIU'lN  Ol   .1 

lii'i;;lit    jM  ii.|iii;j. 
.  llVcr>.  .  ;    i'il.ilni 

l;^i-il  1)1-  n-lii|i|ic  il 
•>.  Il  .iKi>  ,ill.m> 
mil  li'lp--  III   i.<i  ,1 

III    ,1    \C>^i-l    I'l    Ilic 

lilt  III'  lill'  I  i  lllll 

is  lllll'llllll'lll.  i|.  "! 


iilli'cliirs  (ir  iiihi  r 
till  lill'  I'lillii"  iij 
rtil'\  lii^'  till'  >.ii;ti  : 
iiiiiiit:  all  iiiiliiiM' 
iii>;  anil  irnn  iiii; 
lislii'i  i»'>  III  i  iii  !i 
r  sail',  iiitii  I. .1^1 . 
iitioii ;  riirni^liiii!: 

l-tioil    to  sr.l  i.'li; 

lii'visi'ij  St, I  iiv 
;,  cxaiiiiiiiii-.  i!  'i 
•oiisiiigiil  111  i-i'i- 


I'Aciric  COAST  I'li.ur. 


fit? 


SEf.  2    H  nppit)-  .•oin.nissi.m.M's  max  sliip  ;um1  .lisrl,;,,^..  ,,i'W.  for  ;,„v  v.-ssi'l  ,.|r.a.M..I  in  llu, 

.iiastvv.se  tra.h.,or  H...  Ira.l..  U-Uu;-u  tl,,.  Iinli'ii  Si,u...  ai i..  l.iinni;,..,,  .iirai,:.!:  ,.r  V-w 

timnil laii.l,  or  tl..'  U  rst  Imli.-s.  or  tl,..  i!..p,.l,l,..  .,r  M..sh'ii.  at  ||„.  „.,,i„..,  m'  H,.,  ,|,aM..,  or  uwiii',' 

'"  ■"""■''  y;;iT';.";" '  :"''.""7 ".'"'  '''-''^"ni''^'  "•••■■^  i-i  '"^"..h  ras..,.  „.  u..  uurUM  n,,,.,.  p,vs,.,ii,...i  i,,. 

si'i'tioii  Killi  ol  tin-  l{t'\isf(l  MaliiliN. 

Sl.-..'.r,.  l'.'i.VMl..s  that  npi.iM'V.'iy  111,.' 'nli"K.'ssHnrilM.ri„h..|Siali.s.,li..,iiMi,l,..Ml..,„.tii,i, 

IMT  iM-t  t.mi.aj,'..  shall  h..  .h'l'ply  rarv..!,  .„■  oIIilmm,,.  p,,i ,.,„||,  ,„  „|,,,|  „„  |„.,,  ,„„„  ,,,,^,,,_    ,^^^;^ 

shalllH.soc.Mitiiiu.'<l.iii„l,.,p.'iia!l,Miti ^  ,\.U:u.  uu  ,■^,■v,  ,nn ;,  pu,  i  ul  ,|,..  I'Miinl  S|' itrs 

Si'.c.  7.   Impi.s..salii I   thiit.s  ilnllaiMiiMMili  im  i\.,l; i  i,t  ,,  m...,.|  .,|   iwiitv  Urns  „.• 

ii|.«anls,  trailmi;  tr.iiii  .lisirirt  t„  .lisin,.t.  or  Im.|w,..'ii  ililVi'ii'in  pi.,,,..  i„  ||,„  .,,„|,.  .lisirir't,  or  .'iit'. 
I  \  inn  on  the  lishcr.v  if  nitillnl  In  \>i-  il,„-iiiii,.|ii,i|,  ami  nm  ..,  ii,ii,|||.||  m  Ii,-,.||s,.,|. 

S|.;c.  H.  l\miiiu  v.'ssi.ls  ai.'  lial.lr  to  a  lini'  of  two  ,i„llais  i„r,,„.|,  pas,,.|i-,.|- i',ansp.,ii..,|  (iimi. 
a  port  ill  tlio  I'liiti'd  States  to  aii,\  oilier  p,iii  in  tli,'  rnihij  Stall■^. 

SUBIVIARINE    TELEGRAPH    CAHI.KS     IN    SAN    IKANCISCO    HAY    AND     KAHQUINKZ    STRAIT- 

pi:nai.tii:s  i-oi;  damagks 

Tlietei'miniiiiMlriiiitcsorih.'ililli'i.Mii  siiliiiiaiiiir  i,l.-iap|i  ,alil,s  m  ili,'  i;a\  nl  S.m  I'raiii'isn) 
halih'  to  1m'  distmlx',!  Iiy  \cssc|s'  ainlioi^  a-v  jinlicalnl  as  l,illii\\>: 

W'tKtiin  Ciiiiii  I'l  lill  1(1  jili  <'r«//(y)<(»i/ —  IwiiealilolViiiii  Mark,'!  Siii,.|  wharl  In  ihr  Ion-  wiiarl  or 
pn-r  on  f hf  Oaklaml  siilc,  an-  laiil  as  n.ailv  a-  pia-'lnalilr  in  iliimi,-  ilioiisaiiil  InM  ui.l,-  passa;;(i- 
ua.v  n'st'i'Vftl  li.v  law  lor  the  pintcli.in  ol  iJn'  |,.|i\  l„,ai>.  'IIh'  irnniiii  air  iiniicaiiil  li.v  lar';i! 
siy:ns:  "Teli'fjiapii  Calile  Ciossin^." 

AiiotluT  calili'   has  lu'eii  laiil  rrmn  tl,,- (iovi'miinnl    uliaif,  nrai    I'm!    I'miil,  ami  inns  north- 

warill.v  live  thoiisaiMl  feet,  tlieiiee  Ihwesi  uaiill\  In  ili,.  I'lnliaiiUiiiiiii  in  lliii.-r  Sinn'  l!ay,  joiiiiii<;- 

the  Needles  to  the  main  land.     'I'Iu'sc  lerinini  are  iinliealeil  1>\  noli, is. 

Another ealde  lias  lieeii  lanl  in  ihe  Kai,|iiiiii'/  Sliail  rnnii  llir  pier  ol  ilir  Soiiihern  Paeilic  Kail- 
road  Coinpaiiy  on  the  iiorlh  side  ol  iln-  >iri'i'l  ai  l'.eiii<'ia.  aiin^s  llu-  >i  rail  lo  a  small  ravine  or  cove 
on  the  south  or  roiitra  Costa  shoie.  r>iiili  teiiiiiiii  are  imiiraicl  hy  lar^e  sij;ns:  "'rele;:i'aiili 
Caiile  »!iosseN  here." 

SuuHit  'Teh  i>liiin(  'till  ijiitiih  I'niiiiiniiii.—  A  caMi' i-- Ian!  li Mark, -I  Sii,i-i  w  hail  lo  llie  south- 
west shoi'i'  of  Verlia,  Unena,  or  I  i,)al  Is)  a  in  I,  and  limn  iln-  i-asii-i  iv  shore  ol  this  island  to  the  lail- 
uay  shipping;  pier  oi  the  Sonihern  I'ai-ilir  (  oni|iaii,\  on  II,,'  Oak  .iinl  snie.  'I'he  hrinini  aie 
ilnlieated  Ity  lafgesi/ed  notiies. 

A  cable  has  been  laiil  froiii  the  eoallimiKi-rs  ol'  i|i,'  .S,iiiilii'i  n  I'aeiii,'  ( ',iiiipaii>  a',  I 'ml  Cist  a, 
.leross  the  Strait  of  Kaiijiiini-/,  lo  ihe  innllii-rlv  piei  of  tlic  lailinail  emnpanv  on  ilie  nmin-ia  side. 
The  lerinini  are  iiidiealed  In   lar;;e  sized  si;.;ns. 

Aliotlier  ealile  has  lieen  laid  aeross  tin-  Sirail  of  Kaii|iiiiii-/  riniii  Iln-  iiorllielly  end  of  the 
<  iiaii;;er"s  wharf.  «  hii'h  is  .ilionl  on,'  inilr  \\e>luaiii  liuiii  I'ml  t'usia,  io  a  pmni  direellv  opposite  on 
ill,'  northern  or  IJeiiieia  shore.  The  liiinini  ,iii'  i  in  Ilea  I  id  liy  I  u;;i'  siun  ;.  ••  IVIeur.iph  ('able  Cross- 
in-." 

I'mijiv  I'listiil'l'ilfiiniiih  I'uhlf  ('iimpinui.—  X  cable  has  bc,-ii  laiil  IVmn  ilic  iiairow  iianu,'  I'erry 
slip,  situated  between  Market  .ind  Missimi  .sire,  is.  lo  llic  uestcrl\  i-inl  ol  Ilic  smilii  sliippin,:;  pier 
of  Ihe  railway  eonipany  on  ilic  O.ikl.ind  siile  of  the  li,i\ .  This  i,-iiiiiiins  is  imlicalcd  iiy  a  lar^e 
"hitesinii:  ••  racilic  Postal  Telc-iapli  Cable  Crossin,.;." 


Ill   tlie  l<ai'<|ninc/.  Strait    a  ciblc  h 


-n   1.11,1    iioiii    III,-  \M' 


sicrl'.  ciiil  of  111,'   N','va,la   dock 


warehouse,  on  the  soiil 


I  sliole 


abmii  h.ilf  ,1  null-  ,-,isl  of   I'mi  Cnsia.  In  Ilic  Marlincz  and  Deineia 


Iciiy  laiidiiij;  on  the  north  shore  at  i'.eiilcM.     Il  is  indaalcil 
Cable  C'rossiii}'."' 


>.\  a  si-n 


I'.nilie  I'ostal-Telc-raph 


ri-".NAI.l  II'.S    nu;    HAMAl.IMi    cAKM'.S. 


ThoSP  sipiis  (liMlote  the  lamlili-  pniiils  of  all  lelc; 


iplii,' calih's.  as  r,',|iiircil  by  law,  and  per- 


sons or  vessels  breakinj;  or  daiiia-ii 


Ihe  , -allies,  whctlicr  by  iliiij;j:ini;  anchors  or  ollierwi.se.  are 


liable  to  il  line  of  not  le.ss  than  live  liiin,lre,l  dollars  or  i e  lliaii  leii   llionsaml  dollars  in  additioii 


lo  full  ilaiiiaijes  arisin;:  from  iiijiiiy  dmn 


to   ill,'  C.lll 


Til,'  lau  11  i-i  li,','ii  I'lilmccd  III  several  ea.se.s, 


Mill     dl 


linages 


amomitintr  to  fifteen  hninlicd   dollars  and   Iwi'iily  two 


hiimlied  dollars  have  been 


I 


MM 


;,<i,«jf 


obtulned  from  diflerciit  vessels. 


)  ■  I 


()48 


I'AciKic  i'oAsr  I'li.or. 


HAKBO  •   OK  SAN   KKANCISCO. 


rnl.Ki;    .sKiNAl.S. 


Tho  Jiiirhor  polico  an>  sixvinlly  .It'I.-^atnl  for  .liit.v  in   tin-   liaihor  of  San  !• 
tlu'V  iiiv  iiihltM'  the  ^'ciicimI  iliifctiDiis  of  tlio  iliicf  of  |ioliri>  ot   Sail  I" 


raiicisro,  all  I 


hPii-ii 


When  till'  iiuiHlcr  of  a  vrssrl  n(|iiin's  assist  a  nn'  froni  llic  iMilicc  aiitlioiilicN  tli 


li:lllo|;,>l  11,1 
<l  i>c 


ntvcriiif;  his  vi'sst-l  must  l>c  (lis|>la\t'«l  m  ilii>  iiii//»Mi  ri-;;iii;;   Im-iwcimi  Miinisr  ami  Miiisn 
t\v»'«'ii  siiiiMt  ami  .suiUKsf  a  nu'iii  or  lilui-  li;;lil  iiiu^t  lu'  slutwii  at  li'a«t  Iw.'hi'  U'l-i  al)u\»'  iln  ,|, 

of    till'  Vt'»!«l'l. 


rulM'   OK   SAN    I»IK.<H>. 


Tlu'  ciiNtom-iioiis*'  rf;:ulalioiiM  an-  tin-  sainc  as  at  San  1'iaiici.sn 


IMl.iH  A(iK 


Tlu'  i)ilotag('  latt's  an'  as  follows:  All  vcsscl.s  iin<l<'i   five  Imnilrnl  t 


ons  rc;;istrr.  ii\i'  ilnli 


|M'r  foot  (Irau^'lit,  an<l  all  vissds  ovci  livi-  Immlicil  tons  iit;ist(i.  live  tlollais  per  loot  iliiui^l,i  m, 
four  ••cuts  piT  ton  if^iistiT. 

NVIu'ii  a  vt-ssvl  i^  spok<'n  iiiwanl  or  ontwanl  lioiiml  ami  tin'  services  of  a  pilot  aredn  liii<  ,1. .  u, 
half  ot  the  above  rates  must   l>e  paiil. 

Tlieie  is  always  a  Ii4»at  4Tuisiii«;  outsiile  the  l)ar,  ami  as  the  servieen  of  the  pilots  are  ie;;iii,iin 
l)Y  a  l)oaril  of  pilot  eoiiunissioiieis,  it  makes  no  ililleieiiee  which  pilot  is  einploved. 


Tip\v.\(ii; 


There  is  tinlv  one  company  ^l.sv.t)  (join;;  lowiiijiat  San  hie>;o, ami  the  tariir  per  net  tcm  i. 


\s  ius  follow  s 


Nft  Uniit  ni:'"!' 


'!■<■  i.r  frnrii  M  .1 
!>>•(  ki'),:  Miiii  till 


IIXI 


TmiI 


1   l»Hi 


I  ■.':«i 


i,.'.n'i         i; 


:'  I'll!) 


.illij  illlitrt  .iIkI  illHlrl  :ili<l  iiimIi-i  ;||h1  iiiiili-r  .iikI  llliili  I  .lliil  lliiiirt  .iliil  illlilrl  illiil  tlhili  I  illiil  mimI) 


I  mil' 


1  'J.'HI 


l.'ilKI  1  iVl 


J.UUU. 


K'l.iw       «;5.i<o       «;m.oii     II I. "i  (HI      «i:'f.  141      (i:i.'i  mi     #i.'iO.(p>     (ihi> 

l*t.  ml  IT.  .'hi  Jimhi  rj.  .'ill  'J.'i,  I'O  -Si.'*'  ;mi  Ihi  I.' 


*    toi  kinj  .Hill  iiimIik  k.ii^  Jin   dh  IikIi  il  iii  Dm  ni.  rjli'M  if  tin 


11  Iiriii  i-riU  iillllll  ilmti  K    liii't    tlntlltlii    iliii  k 


f^^'. 


Charne.'.  for  other  .>ei\  ices  in  ]iroportioii  as  afjreecl  upon.     The  tow  boats  are  poweitiil. 
fitted  in  every  way  to  peit'oiin  their  duties. 


mm 


REVISKD  INTERNATIONAL  REGULATIONS  TO  PREVENT  COLLISIONS  AT  SKA 

ACI    111'  (  nNCIJKSs  .\l'l'H<l\  i;|)  MAKCM  ;i,  JH-iri. 


Mil  I 


Section  f-'ii.!  I v'e vised   Statutes  ot   the    I'liited   Statt's   presciiltes    that    the   followiii;:    nili 
preveiiiiiif:  collisions  on   the  water  >liall  be  loUowcd  in  the  navij;atioii  of   vcsscIk  ol    the  Na\ 
of  the  mercantile  marine  of  the  Cniti'd  States. 

.-I1:AM  AM'  ^MI     \  ^s.^^■l..■^. 

.Vinu'l.l-;  i.    Ivvery  steam  ship  which  is  under  sail  and  not  under  steam  shall  lie  (■oiimiIi 
.sailin;.'-s|iip ;  and  every  steam-ship  which  is  under  steam,  whether  under  sail  (U'  not.  .shall  I" 
sidered  a  >hip  under  steam. 


f 


Art.  •_'.  The  li;,'hts  mentioned  in  the  followin;,'  articles  numbered  .<,  I,  f),  <»,  7,  s,  il,  in,  ami  11 
and  no  others,  shall  be  carried  in  all  weathers  from  sunset  to  sunrise. 

Art.  •>.  A  sea^oiu;;  steam«l)ij>,  when  under  way,  shall  cany  — 

((/)  On  or  in  front  of  the  foremast,  at  a  hei;;ht  above  the  hull  of  not  Us,,  than  twenty  ted,  a  Ni  Jii. 
irhile  li^ht,  of  such  a  eliaraclcr  as  to  be  visible  on  a  dark  nijjht,  with  a  clear  atmo.sphcic.  a 
tancc  of  at  least yirc  miles,  and  so  const riieted  as  to  show  a  uniform  and  unbroken  lij;lit  o\< 
arc  of  the  hori/.ou  of  twenty  points  of  the  compass,  and  so  lixed  as  to  throw  the  liKlit  ten  p 
on  each  «iUc  of  the  vessel,  viz,  from  right  ahead  to  two  jioints  abaft  the  beaiu  on  either  side. 


I  .1  'I 


I'ACIKIf   Ci'Asr    I'll.oi. 


(il!> 


ilicisni,  altlinii-li 


t     ni't'lll'l'lllll    <l.    Mill 


US  AT  SKA 


(ft)  On  \hi'  ntnrhoaril  nuh>  tnjrnti  linlil,  i.rsiicli  a  <  li,ii;iiiri  ;is  lolir  msiM i  a  il.uk  iii;;lil,  wiili 

I  cli-ar  atniowplHTc,  at  11  distaiK'i'  of  at  lfas»  ^cd  miles,  uml  >ii  (•.iii>iiii(ic(l  as  In  >li(i\v  a  iiiiiroiMi 
iiiil  uiilunkt'ii  li^'lit  ovtT  ail  ail'  nl'  tlic  lioii/dii  of  tin  |,miii|>  ni  III,,  niiiipass;  and  so  lixcd  as  tti 
ililow  I  lit'  liRlit  from  li^'lit  ahead  to  two  jiojiits  aliall  I  lie  In  am  uii  llie  s/io/ni.i/i/  side, 

(f)  Oil  tilt'  iiiirl  s\<\v  a  »•('(/  li;;lil,  of  siieli  a  eliarailt  r  as  lohe  \  i>il)|e  uu  a  dark  in;;lil,  «  iili  a  clear 
iimos)du'n',  at  a  distanee  of  at  least  hro  miles,  and  so  eonstiiiiled  as  to  slmw  a  iiiiilorin  and  iin- 
JMokeii  li>;lit  over  an  are  of  the  hoii/.oii  ten  iioiiits  nf  tin'  eoiii|pass;  and  so  lixed  as  to  tliiow  the 
li;.'lit  from  ri;^iit  ahead  to  two  points  ah. ill  the  heam  mi  the  iimt  side. 

(il)  The  ;;ieeli  and  red  li;;hls  shall  he  lillid  uiih  iiihnaid  senilis  |iii.|i  eiiii;:  at  least  three  feet 
forward  from  the  li;;hts,  so  as  to  prevent  them  t'mm  lieiiii;  si  en  ,iiiii>>  the  Imu, 

Al!T.  1.  A  Nteainshiii,  when  lowin;;  aimllier  vessel,  shall,  in  aildiiiiiii  to  In  r  side  li;;lils,  earry 
iini  liii;;lit,  irltiti  li;;hls  in  a  \eitieal  line,  mie  o\er  the  ulliei.  imi  less  ihaii  Ihiee  leel  .ipail,  so  as 
1.1  distinguish  liiT  from  other  steam-siiips.  K.ieh  of  ihesi  li-lil>  shall  iie  dl  the  same  ehalaeter 
and  eoiistriietion,  and  shall  lie  carried  in  the  s.ime  jmisiIhui  a^  llie  white  li^lit  which  other  steam- 
ships are  reipiired  to  carry. 

AIM'.  Ti.  {<!)  A  ship  w  liether  a  steam  ship  or  a  sailiii;:  ship,  w  hieli,  from  an\  accidcni,  is  not  un- 
der com  ma  ml, shall  at  iiijiht  carr\,  in  I  lie  same  position  , is  the  while  li^ht  w  hicli  steam  ships  aie  le- 
i|iiiied  to  carrv,  and  if  a  steam  ship,  in  place  of  tli.il  li;:ht  lltnf  red  lights  in  ^ilohiilar  lanterns,  each 
mil  less  than  ten  inches  in  diameter,  in  a  vertical  line,  one  over  the  nihei.  not  less  than  tliiee  feet 
. I  part,  and  of  .siicli  a  character  as  to  he  visihleon  a  il.iil.  ni;;lit,  with  a  eleai  aimiis|ihere,  at  a  distance 
III  at  lea.st  tiro  niiies.  and  shall  hv  d.iv  caii\,  in  a  vciiicil  line,  niieovri  ihe  n'lier,  not  less  than 
tlirccfeet  apart,  in  front  of  Init  not  lower  than  Ini  I'nieinasi  he.iil.  //nn  hlaik  halls  ur  shapes,  each 
two  feet  in  diameter. 

(Ii)  A  Nliip,  wiietlier  a  steam  shipor  sailing;  ship.  iiii|i|n\ei|  in  l.i\  iiiu  m  in  pieUiiii;  up  a  telegraph 
cahle,  shall  at  iiitjht  carrv.  in  the  same  posiiion  as  the  while  li;;hl  which  sie.iin  ships  are  rcijiiiicil 
III  carry,  and  if  a  steam  ship,  in  place  of  th.it  li;;hi.  ^/m<i  li;;liis  in  ;;liiliiilai  lanierns.  each  mi  less 
than  ten  inches  in  diameter,  in  a  verticil  line,  mie  over  aiinlliei.  mil  less  than  --iv  feet  apart.  The 
highest  and  lowest  of  these  li;;lits  shall  lie  ml.  and   the    midille  one  shall  h.    iihili.  and  ihe.V  shall 

he  of  siiidi  a  character  that  the  red  li;;his  >liall  he  \  isilile  at  tin    ^a .Ii^taia  e  as  the  while  li;;ht. 

liv  day  hIio  shall  cair,\,  in  a  vertical  line,  one  o\ii  the  ulhei,  mil  less  than  six  Icei  apart,  in  front 
III  hut  not  lower  than  her  foreni.isi  head. //dm  slia|ns.  imi  le-.^ilhiii  iwn  led  in  di.imetei,  ol  which 
llie  top  and  liottom  shall  he  •;hihnlar  in  shape  and  red  in  eolm,  and  the  middle  one  diamomi  in 
shape  and  white  in  color. 

(c)  The  ships  referred  to  in  this  artiele.  when  mil  makin;;  aii\  wa\  tliron-li  the  water.shall  not 
carry  the  side  li{,'lits,  hut  when  makiii;;  wa,\  shall  cany  I  hem. 

((/)  The  li;,'hts  andshapes  reipiiied  lnhe  slmwii  li\  tliisai  I  nle  are  to  he  taken  h>  other  shijis  as 
sijiiial.s  that  the  sliii>  showinj,'  them  is  not  under  coininaml.  and  can  mil,  theiel'ore.  K'''  <>ut  of  tho 
way. 

AllT.  (5.  A  sailitiKship  under  way. or  hein^'  towed,  shall  caiiv  the  same  li;;lils  as  are  provided 
hy   Artiele.'Jfor  a  steam  ship  under  way,  w  ilh   the  execption  ot  the  irlnl-  lii;lil.  which   she  shall 

never  curry. 

Aht.  7.  Whenever,  as  in  the  case  of  small  \essels  dmin-  had  wc.iihii.  the -iveii  and  red  snle- 
h-hts  can  not  he  lixed,  these  ll-lits  sli.ill  he  kept  on  deck  on  then  ivspeclivr  sides  of  llie  Vessel. 
le.idy  for  use;  ami  shall,  on  the  appniai  h  of  m  m  other  vessels,  lie  exhilnlcil  on  their  respective 

sides  in  sumcicnt  time  to  piexeni  collismn.  in  siuli  manner  as  lake  them  most  visilile.  and  so 

that  \Uv,,nr,i  li^ht  shall  not  lie  seen  on  the //..»■/ side,  mn  ilie  ,vi/ li-lil  on  ihc  ,v/.iW»m;i/ side. 

To  make  the  use  of  these  porlalile  liuiitsinnv  .•ertaiii  and  eas.s.  the  lanleins  coiilainin^  theiii 
shall  each  he  painte.l  on  the  outside  with  the  coh.r  of  the  li-ht  they  respectively  contain,  and  shall 
he  provided  with  proper  .seieeiiM. 

AliT.  8.  A  .ship,  whether  a  steam  ship  or  sailing;  .shi|..  w  hen  at  an.lMiv.  shall  canv  wliere  M 
iMl,  hest  he  seen,  hut  at  a  liei-ht  not  excecdin- twenty  feet  ilmvethe  hull,  a  ,rlntr  hulii  in  a  -loli- 
iil.ir  lantern  of  not  less  than  ei-ht  inches  in  diameter,  ami  -,.  miisiriicted  as  to  show  a  chsir,  uiii- 
Inrm.  and  unhroken  liKht.  vi.silile  all  around  the  Iniii/.oii.  and  at  .i  dstance  ot  at  least  <nir  mile. 

AUT.  1>.   A  j.ih.t  vessel  when  ei.-a-cd  on  her  stall n  pilola-c  ,liit>   shall  not  carry  the  li-hts 

I lired  for  other  ve.s.sel.s,  hut  shall  carry  a  u-hii,    1,^1,1   at   the  mast  head,  visihle  all  arouml  the 

horimi,  and  shall  also  exhihit  AjUnrup  litrht  or  lij;lits  at  short  intervals,  which  shall  uc^er  excmi 


m 


I 


■ 
1 

1 

! 
1 

1 
( 

GM 


rAciKic  coAsr  ni.or. 


flftiM'ti  iniiinti's.     A  pilot  vt-ssfl,  wlu-ii  not  «MiKiim'<l  on  liir  Htat 
li^litN  Niiiiilar  to  tliosf  ot'  o||it>i  .s||j|is. 


ion  oil  |ii1otii^<>  iliilv, 


'\\\ 


AKT.  10.  <)|i«'ii  Ixiiilsatiil  lixlijiij;  Ni'SMfUol"  IfSK  lliaii  twints  Ions  net  n-uislnvil 


Hfs,  «M    lllii'.s   III    llir   uatt 


imhUt  way,  mill  not   wln-ii  liavmy;  tlifii   iicIn,  trawls,  dicl 

oliljp'd  to  cairx  the  coiond  snlc  li^'lits;  inii  «.v«"i.v  nimIi  boat  and  M'smiI  .sliall.  in  lini  t| 

irad.s  at  hand  a  lanti'in,  with  a  nn-fii  nUss  on  ilii.  our  Hide  and  a  H'd  ulass  on  ti ih 

on  apjtroacliiiin  to  or  lu-in^'  a|)|iioa«'iii'd  hy  annilni    vom.),  hihIi  laninn  .s|i;il|   i 
MilliiiiMit   tiiiu' to  pK'Vfiit  colliMoii,  ho  (hat  tin- yn-fii  ||m|,|  ,s|,.,|1  |,„|  i 
the  ted  li^lit  on  the  slarlioaid  .side. 


lojlll,!-,  ,  v,l 


ll'll 


(Ml      |„. 

Iflr.   !.   Ii,n, 
'    .    .IImI 


>(•    Nt'CII    on    till'    poll 


'<•    fNil.   -.U  ,\    11, 


Imi 


A  IS  I.  II.   .V  .siii|i  wiiirh  IS  iMJiij;  ovcrlakm  l).\  anollnr  shall  .show  IVoiii  lici   si 


t'i'ii  III 


nii-iition«>d  xiiip  a  ulnli'  li^ht  or  a  tiaic  up  ii;:ht. 

|Tlif  I'xiiiliilioii  ol  an>  li;.'lit  on  l>oaid  a  vomI  oI   war  ol  tin-  I'liitid  States  iiiiin  Ii, 
wlifiii'Vi'i.  Ill  the  opinion  ol   th«>  .Sicictai.v  of  War,  Ihi-  riiiiiiiiand 


li  Li^i 


rv  III  chnl'  ul  ,1  '~i|ii,ii|i 
(oinm.indfr  ofa  v»'.s,sf|  acting  .»iii>:Iv,  tlif  Nptt-ial  cliai.irifr  ol  ihc  Mr\  iff  nia,\  ii't|iiiic  it.| 


III,  1. 1    tin 


sol  Ml    sliiNAI.H    I  OK    liM.ilV     Wli    lllll'K    \\1    villi);. 

.\l!r.  \-.  A  slt-aiii  ship  shall  In-  pro\  idtd  «ith  a  .slcaiii^  hisllr,  oi  other  cllicirin  sIimih  .,.iiim| 
.si;:iial.s.  so  plaeed  thai  ilie  sound  iiia\  not  lie  iiiteri'i*pleil  li\  aii,\  nlisti  net  ions,  uml  w  Jili  i  ,  ,  iiuii'iit 
I'o;.' horn   to  he  .sounded   lis  ahellows  or  other  iiieehaiiie,il  means,  and  also  mi   elliiieiii    !i.  \ 

Halliii;;  ship  shall  lie  pioNided  \villi  .i  siniilai  In^  hoiii  and  hell. 

In  to;;,  mist,  or  t'alliiiK  niiow,  witctlu'r  li.s  da>  or  ni;;lit,  the  signals  de.snilied  in  iKi>  .mn!,. 
Nliall  Ih*  used  a.s  lollows,  \i/  : 

(ii)  A  sieain  ship  under  \va\  shall  make  with  her  .sleain  whi.slle,  or  other  .steam  smiihl  si-n.ii, 
at  intervals  of  not  nnn'e  than  two  minutes,  a  piolon;;ed  iilast. 

(/')   .\  .sailing:  ship  under  wa\  shall  make  with  her  to;,'  horn,  at  inters  als  of  not  i ■   iii.n,  twn 

minnte.s,  \slieii  on  the  .starlioard  taek,  one  lil.isi  ;   when  on  the  port    lark,  two  liJaNls  in  i|u;i'l,  vih 


«.r.s.sioii 


and  when  with  the  wind  .iliat't  the  lieam,  three  tilasts  in  Miceessn 


((')  A  sieani  ship  and  a  sailing-ship,  when  not  iiinier  was,  shall,  at  intervals  ol'  imi  iiii>:-'  il 
two  niiiiutes,  rin^  a  bell. 

TIIK   SITKH   i>y   hums    MIM    IIK    MhIH  IIATKH    in    liMii.V     \Mi    lllliK    WlMlllli. 


f/ 


Art.  l.'i.   Kvcr.v  sliip,  whether  a  Mailing-ship  or  a  stiaiii  ship,  shall   in  a   lo^;,  mist,  <ii   i.illi 


snow,  no  at  a  iiKMlerate  speed. 


HTKH1INO    AMI   sAIIINll    Itll.KS. 


,ii 


1  ! 


',.♦  1 


ili 


*!» 


Akt.  1 1.  When  two  saiiiii^rships  are  apiiroaehin;;  one  another,  so  as  to  involve  risk  nn  i 
one  of  them  sjiall  keep  mil  of  the  w  a,\  ol  the  other,  as  lullows: 

(ii)   .\  ship  w  liieh  is  I II  nil  in;;  free  siiall  keeji  out  of  the  way  of  a  ship  w  liieli  is  eluse  Imi 

(/<)  A  ship  which  IS  elose  hauled  oil  the  port  taek  shall  keep  out  of  the  way  of  a  ship  v 
elose  hauled  on   the  starlxiind  taek. 

(I )  When  botii  art*  rnnniii;;  free,  with  the  wind  on  dilVerciit  sides,  the  ship  which  his  il 
on  the  port  siile  shall  keep  out  of  tlit'  was  of  the  other. 


'lull. 


((/)  When  both  are   luiinin;;  free 


itii  the  svind  <ni  the  same  side,  the  ship  svliich    is  |i<  uiini 


w  ar 


d  sliall  keep  out  of  the  svay  of  the  ship  svliicli  is  to  leesvard. 

ic)   A  ship  svhicli  has  the  svind  aft  shall  keep  (Hit  of  the  svay  of  the  other  ship. 

.\1M.  1">.  It  tsvo  ships  under  sleain  are  meelin;;«'iid  011,01  nearly  end  on, so  as  to  iiivnhe  ii>k  ■ 
collision,  each  shall  alter  Ikt  ••oiirse  to  starboard,  so  that  each  may  pa.ss  on  the  port  side  ul  iIh 
other.     This  article  only  applies  to  cases  where  ships  are  meetiii;,'  end  on,  or  nearly 


'lid 


a  manner  as  to  involse  risk  of  ci 


III  »iii  I: 

il    l.fr|i 


their 


respeeiis«'  courses,  pass  • 


ion,  and  does  not  apply  to  tsvo  ships  svlii<li  ninsi,  if  Im>1 
lear  of  each  other.     The  only  cases  to  svhicli   il  does  app:'.    n 
Iv  eiitl  on.  to  the  othi-r;  In  other  svords,  to  c.i-r>  1 


ler  im  I  .  ii"i 


svlieii  each  of  the  two  ships  is  end  on,  or  iieai 

svhieh  by  day  each  ship  sees  the  masfs  of  tl tlier  in  a  line,  or  nearly  in  a  liiu',  svitli  I 

bs  iiitilit  loca.ses  in  whi(  h  each  ship  is  in  such  a  position  as  to  see  both  the  side  li;;hts  ol  I  In 
1 1  does  not  apply  by  day  to  eases  in  svliici 

by  iiiyht  t4i  caw's  where  the  red  lijrht  of  one  ship  is  opjiosed  to  the  red  litthl  of  the  other.  01 
the  grteii  light  of  one  ahip  ia  opposed  to  iLe  giceu  light  of  the  other,  or  where  u  retl  IikI'I  ^' 


I  Clin:  -r.  111 

>llHl 


mil 


tliitv.  .>ii,ii;  ,  ,ii,\ 

IV. 1  lollll.l;;.  ,  nli.ll 

«.llrr,  >|i,ill  !i.il  III- 

l|i||  lln-ti'i.!.  |i,i\r 

III'  iillit'i    sh|,  ,    ;,,„! 

II    lir    r\ll.    .1.  i|    III 

till-    |lll|  I     ,M,|c.   In, I 

NllTII  III  ~.i^  li  l.iNt 

MI;IS  lie  sii,|,i|ii|,,| 
.1  M|l|,i>ll.i||.  I'l  llir 
l'i|llllr  ll.| 


rli'lil  sicaiii  -oiiiiil 
III    v\  illl  M.I  I  llirli'llt 

•  nii'ii'iii  Im'II.   a 

illCll     ill     tlil>    .lllllli' 
4t<'jllll    SiiIIImI   >I^II,||, 

not  iiiiiii'  III. Ill  luii 

IllilMtS    III  ijlli'lt  ^llr 

\»  uf  not  iii>>:"  lii.iii 

Ml  It. 

fon,  mist,  III   I'.illiii.' 


itlvi'  risk  til  riiiiiMuii, 

ll  i.s  cliisc  |i;iiiliii. 
IS  iif  a  sliip  w'u.ih  K 

wliicli  li;is  111.    «iliil 

l|l   Wllicll     I.N  |.'   "lll'l 

4lii|). 

I  a.s  to  iiiviih.'  I  ^~^ "' 
tin-  port  Mil.  "I  III.' 

i-aiiy  flu!  "II.    '■  -'I'l: 

II  TIlllSl.   if  li.'lil    l>''.|' 

■ll  it  iliii's  a|.|';\  11' 
i'i-  worils,  iti  'I-.'-  Ill 
(',  witli  Illl'  I'^^i  •  iii'l 
»•  liKJit.x  t'l  111.  '■'■"■I- 
li  luT  own  <'"i' *'■• '" 

(■  till'  otlllT.  'II    ull.li> 

B  u  rt'il  liglil  vM'li.mi 


I'ACII  IC    COA.sr    lll.iiT 


.'ivfii  li«lil,or  a  K'n-Cli  li^lit  will t  a  nil  li;;lii,  i>  .m,,,  ali.a.l.  or  wl 


Ii(;lils  aro  HCfii  iiii,vwlii>i'«>  liiit  alii  ail. 

AitT.  Ki.  If  two  ,s|ii|i.s  iintjir  .vifaiii  arc  ci 
liii'li  lias  tlio  other  on  licr  own  nl,i,ln„nil  sjilr  >||,|||  K,.,.| |  ,,|  ,| 


Cal 


icic  liotli  ;.'ii'cii  anil  rnl 


'os^lll;.^    so  as  to    lli\ 


ivol\c  II, U  lit  nillisjiiii.  till'  .sjiiji 


AUT.  17.   If  two  ,slii|i,s,  oni'of  uhii'li  i.s  a  sailin;;  sliin  ami  iIh  ,,|| 


'•  »M\   III  lllf  otiui. 


11^'  in  such  tlirt'ction  as  to  involve  ri.sl<  orciilli.siiin.tl 
-.liliii^'Nliip. 

Altr.  l.t.   Kvciy    mram  x/u/i  when  appioachiiiy  .inollici'  s| 


III  a  steam  ship,  aiv  pioi.cij 
IC  slcaiii  >liip  shall  Nii'p  uiil  iil'ihc  \\a\  ollhc 


shall  slacUeii  licr  .speed;  or,  if  iiercssaiv,  sinp  am!  nvi 


lip  .».!  as  ll,  iiiMihe  risk  iif  collision. 


Aitr.  It).   In  lakiiiKiiii.v  course  aiithmi/cil  or  11,11 |  i 


ay  nia.v  imlicate  that  conr.se  ofaiis  olh 
histle: 


\     lllCsf    I 


H 


her  sicaiiiwhisth 


cr  >lii|i  w  liii'li  >|||.  ll, 


■.•,^ul;itiiiiis,a  strain  ,||||i  ii||i|,.|' 


i.^lil.  iiv  the  lollnwH 


>■•  simial- 


One  short  Itlast  In  mean,  "  I  am  dircciiiii:  mv  c,  m  >i-  i,,  >iai  Imanl. 
Two  short  lilasts  to  mean,  "  I  am  il 


llcci  in:;  iii\  ciniisc  to  i.oi  |. 


Tliree  short  blasts  to  mean,  ••  I  am  ;;'iiii;;  lull  spml  ;,siciii. 
The  n.se  ofthcse  sijjnals  is  optional,  Iml  il  ihi'\  ,in'  iis.ii,  i| 
nlaiice  with  the  Ni;;nal  mailc. 


ic  riiiiisi'  III  Illl-  ship  must  lie  iiii 


Airr. 'J(».  Notwilhstandin;;  aiiylhiii;;  I laimil  in  aii.\  pini'il 


III  in;:  ship  or  a  .steam  ship,  overt  akin-  an\  olhci.  shall  kcpoin  i  it' the  ua\  of  th 


liiU  iilllrlc,  ever\   >lii|i,  uli.'llici 


AlfT.  L'l.   In  narrow  channels  e\ CIS   steam  >lii|i   .hall,  \\l 


c  iiM  Tl.lkl 


11  ship 


lli.i 


t  side  of  the  fairway  or  mid  channel  \^  Imli 


icii  II  I-  sale  .Hill  pi.icliialilc,  kciji  lo 


Ills  Illl  the  slailio.iiil  s  ilr  i>|   .>iich  sjh 


.\i!T.  '."J.  Where,  liy  the  aliovc  rules,  one  ol  ih.'  two  s| 


llp>  IS  III  kci'p  ,,ul   111'  tllC  W.IV,  tllciitl 


shall  keep  her  coiir.sc. 

AllT.  li.'J.  In  idifyiiiK'  iind  eiinstniiii;:  these  inU's,  dm  icmiiI  sli.ill  i.ch.ul  to, ill . 
^.ition,  and  to  any  special  circnmsi.iiiccs  uhich  m,i.\  rcinln  i  ileji.ii  iiii.  rimii  ihcal 
saiy,  in  oriler  to  avoid  immediate  dan;;cr. 


laii;,'cisof  iiavi- 
Mi\c  I  lili'S  iieccs 


THE  REGULATION  Oh'  IIMMIGRATION   LAWS  OF  THK  U     (Tl-.u  STATKS  AND  OK  THI-;  STATE 

OK  CAl.UOKNIA 


AN  AI'T  (IK  f(iN(;l!l.<S  AITIJi  i\  I.I  i    M'.il  sl   .;.   I—.'. 
Ill  it  enacted  hy  the  Srnntc  mnl  JlmiM   ../'  Uiinif^i  iilniin  v  nl'  lli,   I  'ciliil  .sinlin  nl'  A 


UK  ni'ii  III  c  ii» 


iinsx  (issimlildl,  That  there  shall  lie  Icvieil.  coilecleil,  ami  p.iiii  a  iliiiy  ol  llli.v  I'cnls  lor  each  ami 
('\eiy  passent^er  not  a  cili/.cii  of  the  Iniled  .''^lalcs  who  shall  come  hy  steam  or  sail  vessel  liiim  a 
I'.'iei;;!)  port  to  any  port  within  the  I'nitcd  States.     Tlie  said  iliit\  shall  lie  paid  to  the  collccloi'  of 

no  collector  at  smh   poll, 
owner,  au'ciil.  or  consignee  orcvciv 


instoins  of  till'  port  to  which  such  passen;;er  shall  come,  or  if  ihcrc  hi 
then  to  the  collector  of  customs  nearest  theieto,  li\  the  mister, 


-mil  ve.s.sel,  within  twenty-four  hours  al'lei  the  entry  thciini  into  >iirli  juiri.  I'he  ihoiicn  iIiiis  c.iI- 
l.'ited  shall  lie  paid  into  tin'  I'nitcd  St.iies  Tuasiirx,  ami  shall  coii.-.titii|.'  a  t'liiul  to  lie  c.illc.l  the 
iiiimi;,'rant  fund,  and  shall  lie  used,  iimler  the  direction  of  tin  Sicrclarv  orilie  Treasiiry,  todeliay 
till' e.\pen.s««  of  re^nlatiii;;  iniiiii;:ratioii  iimler  this  ad.  ami  I'm  the  car.' ol' imiiiiLiiaiits  ariix  in;:  in 
the  I'nitiMl  States,  for  the  relieldf  such  as  are  in  distics'.,  ami  for  the  ;;ciicral  |iiir|iose.s  ami  e.\- 
pensis  of  earryiiif;  this  act  into  elfcct.  The  duty  imposed  hy  this  section  shall  he  a  lien  iipmi  the 
vessels  which  shall  liriiiy;  sin  h  passen;:i'is  into  the  Iniled  Stale.-,  ami  sli.ill  lie  a  .l.lit  in  favor  of 
the  I'liited  States  a;;aiiist  the  owner  or  ovmicis  ol  such  xcssels;  ami  lii.'  pax  mcnl  oismh  iliity  may 
lie  enforced  Ity  any  le;;al  or  cipiilaltle  remedy:     I'noiii.il.  That  im  ;:ic.iiri  -inn  >li,iil  lie  e.vpemlcd 


tor  the  pnrjio.ses  hcrei*  liel'orc  nicntioncil.  at  any  po 

.Skc.  li.  That  the  Secietary  of  the  Treasiiiv  is  licieliy  cli:iiL;c.l  uitli  ll 
provisioii.s  of  tiiks  a(!t  and  with  snpervisioii  over  iNc  liiisnn-s  ..t'  iminii;iaiioM 


It.  ihaii  shall  have  liceii  colleclid  ,it  siicli  port. 

iliity  of  c.seciitiii.i;  the 

to  111.'  I'liited  Stales, 


and    for  that    purpose  he  shall   have  power  to  ciit.  i  iiii.>  coiitiacts  with   smh  Stat.-  commi.ssion 


iioard,  or  ollicers  as   may  lie  dcsi^jnaled  I'm    that   pniposc  li>  the  i^nMi'imr  o 


cliarj;(M)f  tli«  local  alVairs  of  imini;,'ra!ioii  in  tin-  p.iits  witlii 
support  and  relief  of  such  iinini;:rants  therein  lamliiiu  as  iiia,\ 
under  the  rules  and  rejjulatioii:    lo  he  picscrilied  li\  sa 


r  any  Stale  to  lake 
for  th 


such  State  coinini.ssioii,  lioan',o     >l1iecis  so  i 

arriving  at  the  ports  within  sue'    State  in  any  ship  or 


M  saiil  Slate,  and  In  innviile  for  the 

lad  illl"  distress  or  nce.l  pnhlic  aiil, 

li  Secretary:  :iml   it    shall  he  the  diil\  of 

iesiunali'il  to  examine  into  the  condition  of  passciiucis 

vessel,  and  I'.t  that    parpiLse  ;ill  or  ;iny  of 


such  commiasiouers  or  oUiccrs,  or  such  other  person  or  persons  a; 


they  shall  appoint,  shall  be  an 


ii 


't*     i 


M 


652 


r.vciKir  toAsr  imi-dt. 


tliori/.otl  to  go  on  lioanl  of  and  tlironjili  anv  siuli  uliip  or  vi'ssci ;  niiil  if  on  sufli  oxaniinaliuM  ili,.|-,, 
shall  1h>  fonntl  anioiiy;  .sncli  pa.sst'iifii'is  any  convirt,  luiialif,  idiot,  o<'  an\  ptMson  unal'lc  In  i.il.,  ,  n,. 
of  liiiMS»'lf  or  luTSflf  vitlioul  lu'coiiiiii;;-  a  piililic  t'liaino,  ttifv  sliall  report  tin-  saMc  iii  \mi'  .  |,, 
llir  t'olU'flor  of  such  port,  and  such  prisons  shall  not  l>t' p«Tniittfd  to  land. 

Si.c.  .?.  Thai  till'  Scnctaiy  of  the  'I'rcasnrv shall  cstalilish  such  ic;iulalions  and  rales ;iihi  ism,,. 
fi'oni  liuic  to  lime  siu'h  nislruciions  not  ineonsisteni  wilh  law  as  he  shall  deem  oesi  c.ih  iiI.ik  il  lu 
proleel  the  I'liited  Slates  and  iiiiuii;;ranls  inio  llie  Inilcd  Slates  I'loni  tiaud  and  loss,  and  Imi  ,;ii 
r\iny;oul  the  pro\  i>ions  of  this  act  ami  the  iiunii;;ialion  laws  of  ilu'  rnilcd  Stales  ;  amMn  vh  iH 
prescrilie  all  loruis  nl  honds,  enliies,  ami  olhcr  papers  to  he  used  in  '•.t  and  in  Ihe  enr(ii( .  hchi  „\' 
thevaiioiis  pro\  isions  of  this  acl. 

Si.c.  I.  Thai  all  f(>iei;;n  I'oiiNU'ts  except  those  con\iclcd  of  jiolilieal  oOeiisi's,  upon  an  i\  ,1.  vji.iil 
he  sent  hack  lo  Ihe  naUoiis  Id  winch  lhe.\  liclon;;  anil  l.oin  whence  lhe,\  eaine.  'I'he  Scik  im  i| 
theTieasmv  may  dcsi|;nalo  IheSlale  hoard  of  chai  ilio  of  aii.\  Slale  mi  w  Inch  such  Im.iiil  -h. ill 
«>\isi  liy  law.  nr  aii,\  com  mission  in  an,\  S'ate,  oi'  any  peisnn  or  pel  son  >  in  anv  Stale  w  Imv,  .im^  n 
sliall  lie  loixeculethe  pro\  isinii'^  of  Ihisseclior  wilhonl  conipclisalioli.  The  Scciclai  \  n|  i|,,. 
TreasniN  shall  prescrihc  ie;:iilalioiis  for  Ihe  rclinii  of  ihe  aforesaid  persons  lo  Ihe  cuaiitih  -  ii.nn 
whence  tlie.N  came,  and  >ha'l  Imiiish  iiisl  i  iiclions  n  the  hoard,  cominission,  or  pri'-ciiis  i  1,  ii;;n| 
\>  illi  the  excel)  I  ion  of  Ihe  pi  o\  isions  of  t  his  seclicin  as  to  Ihe  mode  of  pi'ocedine  in  icspecl  iIm  n  in. 
and  iiia>  clian;:e  such  insi  met  ions  from  l  ime  lo  Innc  Tlie  exitciise  of  such  iclin  n  of  I  lie  aton  ^:llll 
persons  not  permilled  Inland  shall  Ik' home  hy  ihe  owners  of  ihc  \essels  in  which  Ihey  ciinc. 

Si;r.  .">.    I'lial  this  act  shall  lake  dVeet  immedialel.v. 

I'riiiU'd  lilies  and  re;;iilalioiis  hased  upon  this  act  lia\e  hecn  issued  hy  the  Secietai.\  nl  ihc 
Treasury,  dal<-d  .liilv  1,  IsSD. 


« 


1 


Wk  P 


i  IN 


'    ! 


!^1i 


*:t  II  ■: 


IMMKillATIiiN    IM'n    C AI.Il'OKNI A, 

I.AW>    OI       111!      SlAII      ol      I    \lll>i|lM\.       (lOIIIK   Al      1  IIIIK    ^ 

SiH'Tii'N  -".U'.i.  \\  illiiii  twcIll^  loin  lioiiiN  alter  the  iirrixal  of  any  vessel  airiviii;;  at  aii\  .■!  iln 
poi  Is  of  tins  Slale,  liiin;;iii;:  pas>cii;^cis  t'roiii  an,\  place  out  ol  this  Stale,  the  uiaslei  ol  sm 'i  \i^m1 
must    make  on  oalli,  lo  ihe  eoniiiiissioi.<'r  ol    niiini;:rat  ion  al    such  poll,  a  wiitieii  ic|ioii. 

The  icporl  (iiiisi  slale  Ihe  name,  sex,  placi  ol  hiilli,  l.i-l  icsnleiice,  a;:c.  and  occiip  ii  imi  ef  ,ill 
persons  oi   passeiif,'crs  on  hoaid  who  .iie  not  cili/ciis  nl    the  I'liilcd  Slates. 

The  master  or  coimiiamler  oi  the  vessel  is  iei|inied  lo  adiinnister  an  oath  lo  an>  p.i^M  h;ji'i  .if 
fon'ijrn  Ini  III  w  ho  d.eclaics  Inmscll  a  cili/cnof  Ihc  Iniled  Slates.  The  pas.seii^ei  iiiii^l  ih  i  i.iir 
the  lime  and  place  where  the  naliir.ih/at  ion  took  pi. ice. 

Speei.d  Itoiids  ;iie  icipiired  for  all  lunatic,  deal,  diimh.  hlnid.  crippled,  or  iiitii  iii  person^  »  !imv 
eirennislani'es  make  it  proh.ihle  ilicv  will  hecome  a  lundcii  on  ihe  Stale.  Tlicpeii.ili\  iii  umh 
ie|ioii  18  two  liundred  dollars,  and  two  hnmlred  dollars  peiiallN  for  each  alien  pasM  im.  i  ml 
reported. 

riieeoinnnssioner  of  iuimi>;ration  has  lar;;e  powers  to  pre\ent  Ihe  iiilroilnct  ion  ol  aii\  ;M:...n 
atVecleil  with  ihedi.sease  known  as  lepros>  or  elephantiasis.  lie  is  vested  with  the  pow.i  .nid 
anlho!il,\  to  delani  all  such  per.solis  on  hoard  aii\  such  vessel  so  arii\ili;;.  and  to  assi;;ii  ilic  \.-mI 
to  a  heilh  or  anchorage  sepaiale  and  ajLirl  from  all  other  ves.sels.  and  al  a  sale  and  saii.il'l'  il> 
tance  from  the  shcre. 

If  an\   person  or  coilsi^'liec  nej^lecls  or  refuses  to  ul\e  :ni>  of  the  hoilds  leiplired  ill  IIm    .li.il'l'i 

on  nnmiuiation  within  a  specilhil  lime,  lie  Is  liaMe  to  the  State  of  Cald'oiina   in   the  peii.il  > I 

one  thoits.nid  dollars  !oi'  i-acli  pa^scii^^er,  etc. 

Masliis  of  ves.sels  arriving;  al  an\  of  Ihe  ports  in  the  Slate  from  an\  jioil  in  this  .••:'(,,  ni  ih.m 

Orey Waslnnnlon.  are  exempt    Irom    makiii>;   the  stall  imnl    leijiiiied  1>,\   I  his  diapl.  i .   .  dn 

cell ai II  1  ondilioiis  ;   and  so  also  ,ne  Ihe  masters  of  \essels  aiilx  iii^  lioin  raiiaiiia. 

In  all  the  ports  in  tins  Slate  other  than  San  fiamiseo,  the  ma\oi,  oi  chief  iiiiiiiici|mI  .Hmh 
a!  such  poll,  etc.,  is  (J  niliiiii  commissioner  of  imnii;;iation  lor  such  port. 


n't.'i 


Hj^ 


Since  the  passa;.'e  of  the  exclusion  act  of  Is.ss  hy  the  <"oiiKn'8N  of  (he  rniteil  Stales,  i  I   :m v 
pasM'npMN  can  not  he  hrou(;lit  into  the  I'nited  Slates. 


I* 


I'Arliir   coAsr   I'll.oT. 


65:5 


tlie  Sccrcl.ii.N  I'l  !l;i 


riiitcd  Stalfs.  •  liiirM' 


ACT  OK  THE  CONGRKSS  OK  TMK  UNITKH  STATK S  IN   KKI.ATION   TO  THK  COLORING.  NUM- 
BKKINC'i.  AND   I'l.AClNH   Ol'   HUtlYS.  Sl'l  N  DI.IS.  TOWlvKS.   KTC. 

Ill  ront'ormity  with  sccliou  Hi7s  i.r  ih.^  ItcNist-d  SiiHuio  (pT  iln  I  niinl  Slates,  iln' rullowinu' 
.iiilcr  is  oliscrvi'd  liy  tlii^  Li^jlit  llnii.  .■  I'manl  in  cdloriuL;  .iiul  iiiiiiilifinii;  the  liiiovs  mIimi.i;-  iIic  coast, 
i.f  ill  liavs,  liartxii's,  .souikIm,  or  cliaiiiit'ls.  \i/; 

1.  In  a|i|pri>acliiiij,'  llii>  <'liaiiiicl.  etc..  tinm  sc/.w  aiil.  red  luinv  s,  wilii  even  nniiilieis.  will  he 
i.iiiiiil  nil  till'  stailioanl  .-ide  ol'  the  ehannel.  anil  must  he  lett  nn  the  siailmaiii  h.iiiil  ill  passiii';-  in. 

'J.  Ill  apipniaeliiiij;  liie  ehannel,  etc.,  Iiniii  sea waiil.  lihu  U  Imnss,  with  mlil  niinihers.  w  ill  \»\ 
1 1  HUH  I  on  t  he  port  niiie  of  the  eliannel,  ami  miiini  he  lili  mi  I  lie  |Mirt  liaml  in  jlissiiil:  in. 

."..  l>iio\  s  painleil  with  red  and  hiaek  hoii/onlal  stripes  will  he  I'oiind  on  ohslrnetlMns,  with 
iliaiinel  w  ays  on  either  side  of  llieiii,  and  iiia\  lie  letl  on  either  hand  in  passin;^' in. 

I.  r>iio,\s  painted  with  w  hile  and  hlaek  pei  peiidieiilai'  sinpeswill  he  loiiiid  in  mid  ehannel, 
.ilid  inns'  he  passed  close  to  to  avoid  d.iiiuc  r. 

.Ml  other  (list  iii^nuhiiii;  inaiNs  to  hiiovs  will  he  in  addition  to  tin-  l'oiei;ciin,i;'.  and  nia\  he  em- 
ploved  to  mark  p.irticiilar  spots,  a  description  of  which  will  he  L;iveii  in  the  printed  list  of 
hiioys. 

I'Mches,  with  halls,  ca^es,  etc.,  will,  w  lien  pl.ici'd  on  hno\s.  heat  Inniiiii;  points,  the  color  an, I 
iiiiiiiher  indieatin;;  on  what  side  thev  shall  he  |ia:.sed. 

DilVereiit  elianiiels  in  the  same  ha\ .  sound,  1 1\  er.  or  liaihoi  will  he  niarlvcd.  as  far  as  practica- 
Me,  hy  dilVereiit  ile.scriplions  of  hiiov  s.  I'liiicip.il  cIkiiiiicU  will  he  in.irUed  hs  iiiin.hiio\s:  second- 
ai\  clianiu'ls,  hy  can  hiiovs;  and  minor  cl  aiineN.  h\  sp.ir  hno.vs.  When  llieie  is  hut  one  chaiiiiel, 
iinii  hiioys,  properly  colincd  ami  iiiiinheicd.  are  nsiiallv  placeil  on  the  siarhoard  side,  and  can- 
hiioys  on  the  jiorl  side  ot  it. 

I>ay  heaeons,  stakes,  and  spindles  (e\ccpl  such  as  an>  on  tin"  sides  of  cliannels,  which  will  he 
colored  like  hiiovs)  are  constriicled  and  di->I iii-nisheil  with  speci.il  itdcrence  to  each  locality,  and 
paiticiilarly  in  re^iaid  to  the  ha'  i,  -roiin.l  upon  which  tlie>  ,iie  pio|ccled. 

Wherever  praeticahle,  tli  towiTs,  heaioiis,  hiioxs,  spindles,  and  all  o  her  aids  to  navii;atioll 
,iie  arraii;;ed  in  the    ist  in  re.unhir  order  as  ili.'V  aie  passed  hy  vessels  eiittiin-  Ironi  sea. 

'I'lii'  ioiir.ses  ami  heariiii^s  are  ma^iielic;  distances  in  nanliiMl  miles. 

Ai;iit;i;\  I  \  fitiNs  i  srn  on  cit'iM's  a.su  inns    i.isfs. 

K.,  red  lilioys,  Nos.  •_',   I,  (>,  etc,  siarhoard. 

It,,  hlaek  biiovs,  Nos.  l,:l.  ."«,  etc.,  port. 

I',  S.,  white  and  hlaek  perpendicular  sliipcs.  without  niiiniip'rs.  in  mid  eliannel. 

11.  S..  red  and  hlaek  hoii/oni.il  sinpcs  <oii  ohsiniclionsi.  witlionl  nninheis. 

LAWS   l-OK  Till'.   I'i^lTl-.CTlON   OV  AIDS  TO  NAVIGATION. 

INlli'.v   sTAIKS. 

la  \  i~i  II   si  \  II  lis, 

Sk.'    r);t,-.S    •     •     '      Kverv  peison  who  iHplds  on'   oi   shows  any  false  li-lil.or  extin-nislies 

anv  frm-  lifzht,  with  intent  to  lirinu  an.v  vessel  sailinu  upon  the  sea  into,laM,uvror  distress  or  ship^ 

wrVek,  sin  11  he  punished  Us  a  line  of  not  mote  than  live  thon.saiid  dollars  and  Mni.risoned  u<  lu.rd 

lahor  not  more  tliiin  ten  u.iis. 

ANA('T.„uku,Ka,,a-.M.nane,,,^.r.l,,.oMM,n,,H.n.,,-,.n,.p,..n:il.H,,:i,Mo,,n,^^^^^  ' 

|l\rl-<  .111.1   IlmIm.Iv   .111.1   l.il  .'111.  1    |Hlll...s.-. 

•  SKC  ■!  •  *  •  Miv  person  wliosliallw.lllnllv  ami  nnlawtullym.inre  any  |ner,hieakw,it,t, 
.,,  ..„,;,,\vork  of  the  r.ii.Vd  Slalcs  tor  the  improvcmen.  of  rivers  or  harho.s,  or  "- '|;;' ';;'";;; 
the  l-,.ite.l  Stall's,  shall,  on  convntion  thereof,  he  pu.u.shed  h.v  a  tine  not  exceedinj;  one  thousand 
(loUitrH. 

Approvi'd  .\UKiist  II,  ISTti. 


M,i 


11^ 


m 


i\'&m 


t>,  •  \ 


}i  »■* 


i;!f: 


»k 


n^i 


-!fi 


«, 


<)54  rAciKio  coAsr  imlot. 

CALIKOKMA. 

AN  ACT  I'lir  llic  iirntt'cliiiM  nT  1iiii\vh  ami  bcjiootis. 

Till'  I'cojtlt'  o/  tlir  .'^tatrof  ('iili/iiruiii,  rrprescnteil  in  Smatraml  Assrmhh/^flo  rnait  os  Mlo,,^ 

Sr.cTloN  1.  Any  jti'isdii  or  pt-rsons  wlio  sliiill  iiuMtr  niiy  vessel  nr  litiat  ofaiiy  kind,  ov  \\u\  mit 
or  scow,  to  any  hnov  or  liea<'oii  phu-t'd  in  tlie  waters  of  CaliCoriiia  liy  authority  of  tlie  I  iiiicil  Si  it,s 
Lifilitl louse  I'.oanl,  or  sliall  in  any  niaiim  r  lianjj  on  to  tlie  same  willi  au\  vessel,  hoal.  rail,  m  .,  nu. 
or  sliall  willi'nlly  remove,  tlamaj;e,  or  <lestroy  any  sneli  l)iioy  or  Iteacon,  oi  any  part  ol  llic  siiiir,  oi 
shall  cut  ilown,  remove,  dama;:*'.  or  destroy  any  lieacon  or  licacons  erected  on  land  in  IIij.nSi.iIc 
iiy  the  authority  aforesaid,  shall,  for  every  such  olVeiise,  lie  deemed  j;uilly  of  a  misdeiucaiKii.  iinl, 
upon  conviction  thereof  before  any  «'ourt  of  competent  Jurisdiction,  lie  ))uiiislied  liy  a  linr  ii,i!  .  \. 
cecdin^j  live  hiimlred  dollars,  or  hy  im  prison  iiieiit  not  lo  exceed  six  moiitlis  :  one  third  of  I  Ik  Iii,).  m 
such  cases  to  he  paid  to  the  informer  and  two-thirds  thcri'of  to  the  Ia;;lit-lloiisc  ISoard.  to  lu'  umiI 
in  repairing  said  iiiio,\s  and  heaeoiis. 

Skc  •_'.  Tlie  cost  of  re|iaiiiii;;  lU'  replacing:  any  such  Itiioy  or  lieacon  which  may  have  hci  n  ;iii> 
placed,  daiiiau'cil,  or  destroyed  Ity  any  \  essel,  lioat,  i  alt,  or  scow  liciiij,'  made  fast  to  the  saim  ,  -.h.ill. 
when  said  cost  shall  have  licen  le;;all,\  ascertained,  he  a  lien  upon  such  vessel,  hoal,  rati,  ni  ^cuv, 
and  reco\  eicd  a;;aiiist  I  lie  same,  and  I  he  owner  or  owners  I  hereof,  in  an  action  of  debt,  in  .iii\  c  .iin 
of  competent  jurisdiction  in  this  State. 

Sk<'.  ,i.  'Ihisact  shall  take  ellecl  fiom  and  after  its  jiassajjo. 

.\ppvoved  March  L'tJ,  1S7J. 

(>l!K(iON. 
AN   AC'l'  I'oi  till' iinit.cliHM  111' ;iii(i\»  ami  lii-nrniiH. 

/>V  itcnoctril  hi/  Ihr  l.iijislatin  Asstmhlfi  n/tlic  Sfntf  of  (hri/on  : 

Si'.ci'KiN  1.  Thai  aii>  person  or  p«'isoiis  who  shall  moor  any  xcssei  or  vessels  of  aii\  Knulni 
name   whatsoever,  or  aii\    hoal.  skill,  haifje,  scow,  raft,  or  part   of  a  rait,  to  any  luiny  or  Ihhoh 

placed  in  the  iia\  ij;alile  waters  ot  the  Slate,  or  in  any  bay,  ri\fr,  or  arm  of  the  sea  bordciiii-  ii| 

this  Slate,  by  the  authority  of  the  rnited  Stales  lajjlil  House  Hoard,  iw  shall  in  any  iiiaiiiici  Icini; 
on  with  aii>  \ essel,  boat,  skilV,  bar;;e,  scow,  raft,  or  jiait  of  a  raft,  to  any  such  buoy  or  lM;i,,.ir.  i.i 
shall  willfully  remove,  dama;,'e,  or  destroy  any  siu'li  buoy  or  beacon,  or  shall  cut  dovMi,  iimum, 
damage,  or  destroy  aii>  beacon  or  beacons  erected  on  land  in  this  State  b\  the  anllmiiiv  i.i  ilir 
.said  I'liilcd  Stales  I.iuiit  House  I'.oad.  shall  Ibrevciy  such  ofl'cnse  I  deemed  jjiiilty  of  a  \u'-'\r 
ii,-anor.  and,  upon  coii\  iciion  thereof,  before  any  court  of  competent  jiirisdiclion,  shall  lie  pnni^liccl 
by  a  line  not  less  than  one  hundred  nor  more  than  two  hundred  dollars,  or  by  iMiprisoniiii m  iiiihr 
county  jai  not  less  than  one  or  more  than  six  months,  or  by  both  such  line  and  iinprisoiniiini.  in 
the  discrelioii  of  the  court. 

Sf.r.  L'.  That  one  half  of  all   lines  under  this  act  shall   be  jiaid  by  the  court  to  the  iiiloninr. 

and  that  tl thcr  half  shall  be   paid   into  the  common  school   fund  of  the  count\  in  "lihh  iln' 

action  shall  be  tried. 

Approved  October  Iti.  IsTl. 

TKKIUTOItY   dl'   WASIIIMiTON. 

AN  ACT  r.>i  llii'  pruti-clii.ii  nl' liiii.ys  ami  Imvi.-imih. 

/.V  il  iniirtxi  hji  tht   l.ffiisliilirr  AHyemlihl  of  tin-  Tir>ili>nj  nf  Wiislniifjton  : 

Si;(  rinN.  I.  Thai  an\  person  or  persons  who  shall  moor  aii\  vessel  or  ves.sels  of  iiii\  I,!  )  m 
name  whatever,  or  aii\  bi.ii.  skill,  bar-e.  scow,  lafl.oi  |iait  of  a  lalt.  to  any  buoy  oi  beacon  i  -! 
in  the  iiaxiKable  waleis  of  I  his  Territoi  \ ,  or  in  any  ba\ ,  iivcr,  or  a.m  of  the  sea  boidei  iii^;  iip.M  'i  > 
T.riiiMiy.  \,\  theaiilhoiitN  of  the  riiiled  States  l,i;;hl  House  Hoard,  oi  shall  in  any  maiuici  In..; 
«ui  with  an\  vessel,  bo.it,  skill,  bar^c.  scow,  raft,  or  pari  of  a  raft,  lo  any  such  buoy  or  beacon,  oi 
shall  willfully  remove,  dauiajie,  or  destroy  any  such  buoy  or  beacon,  or  shall  cut  ilowii.  n  u  "V, 
damage,  or  destroy  any  beaccui  or  beacons  ••rected  lui  land  in  tiiis  Territory  by  the  aiithnii'\  "t 
the  rnited  States  I,i-ht  House  Hoard,  shall  for  every  such  olVense  be  deemed  unilly  of  a  m  -li- 
ineaiior,  and,  upon  conviction  thereof,  before  any  court  of  c<Miipct<'nt , jurisdiction,  shall  be  pun.  IimI 
by  a  tine  not  less  than  one  hundied  or  more  than  two  hundred  ilollars,  or  by  imprison nt  ii:  tin' 


Klrt  (in  t'olloii 


I'ACIl-IC    COAsr    I'll.DT. 


Gf)! 


,.,M.nt.v  Jail  not  loss  than  ,.no  nor  mhhv  ,1..,.  s,x  mumuI.s.  ,.,  l,v  l,o,|,  s,,.-!,  li,,,.  a„.l  imprison, >,.■.!   in 
;li('(Iis<;rt'tiun  ol  tlic  conit.  ' 

SKC.  i:.  That  on,-  Iniirof  all  (in..s  Mn,l..r  ,l,is  art  shall  U.  „ai,l  l,,v  tli.M.onrt  lo  th.  infonnor,  an.l 
IhatlMM.UuT  half  shall  1...  panl  into  thr  nm.mon  srhooinu,,!  of  tl,..  ...mmIv  iu  which  ll...  ollnis.. 
>liall  lie  roniniittt'il. 

Sioc.  ;{.  This  act  (<)  tak.^  clVf.'l  ami  h..  in  loir..  Innii  and  afttT  its  iiassase. 
Approvi'd  Noveinhcr  "),  IS':,. 

MNITED  STATES  UKE-SAVING  SKRVICK  ON   THK   I'ACIIIC  COAST  OI' THE  UNITED  STATES 

TWKI.l'TH    DISTKICT. 

Th..  following  an- tin-  lit.- savin-  stati..ns  on  tlir  roasts  of  Caliloniia,  ()n-..n,  and  WasliiiiL'. 
Ion,  An^;iist,  ISS'.t:  ^ 

Om/Hm/r.— Thirt.vthr,M>  niih's  ncnthw.'st  ofPoim  I,oi.,a  l,i-lit  lions,..  Antliori/cl  l.v  Con-nss. 
I'nint  <'omr/»n-o/.— Station  not  y,-t  liiiill  :  iifar  llu'  l,i-l,i  lions,.,  ami  to  tlio  ..astwani. 
(inhin,  (i.ttv  /V,W.-.— On  th,-  onl,-r  h.^acli.  .'all  a  milo  south  of  lli,-  Seal  It.M'ks,  otV  Point  I,ol.os. 
F,)W/V..■«^-Insid.'..^Folt  I'oint.(;ol,|,.M  «ial,..  Sap  rian.'isro  l!a\  :  in  .•ours,.,.!' .•onstrmMion. 
lUiUnws  /.',(i/.-lnsi,l,.  th,'  ..ntraiir,.  to  llalhnas  i.auoon.  Station  ,I,.stroy,.d  by  lir,.  and  not 
iilmilt. 

/'oiHf /;c.V(.«.—I{Mildin^'s  in  ('(.iirs,.  oC'diistniction  :  on  tl it,.i-  li,.acli,  ihivc  miles  north  ol'  the 

li^ht  hoiis,'. 

Hiimhiililt  />'(»//.— Insiih'th,.  North  Point,  al.irasl  th,.  I.i-lit  lions,.  laiildi'\j;s. 

('(Kliiillr  /I'/rcc— .\iith,)li/.,.d  hy  Coimrcss;  site  not  yet  ih'tti  niiiu'd. 

fVi/M  dntjoni,  or  .1  cm/,/.— insid,.  lh,.  rocKy  pdnt  upon  wliidi  ihc  linht  hoiis,'  is  hnlt. 

I  iiiliiiiiiih  /I'/ro-.— .\iith,Mizi.d  hy  Con-rcss.  (In  lli,.  oiit,.r  liLaili,  soiilh  ,il'  tli,»  ,.-itraii(<,'  to  tlio 
riv,.r. 

Vaiinina  /I'/rcc— Aiith,triz,.,I  hy  Con-rcss.    Insid,'  Hit' south  p,>int  ,>f  tl iitraiic,.  t,)  th,.  river. 

I'liiiil  Ailnms. —  In  conrs,.  ,,1' , 'oust  met  ion  :  alioiit  half  a  mili.  insid,.  of  ImmI  S(ev,.ns. 

i'dlir  l>isai)j)iiinlmiiit.—  ]\\  l'.ak,'i's  I'.ay.   jiist  insid,.  the  lauht  house  jioiiit. 

Loomix. — .Anthiniz,',!   liy  Con^^irss;  on  tl \v,.athiilM.aeh."  t,.|i I  on,' tliiril  niil,.s  north  of 

North  Head  of  (^ap,.  Disaiiponitineiit ;  latitml,.  HI    l'7'  north. 

Sliiiiilinitcr  /.Vii/.— On  th,'  iiisidt-  of  th,"  mirth  point,  iumi  llie  F.if^htlions,.  hoatdamliiiK- 

/  ' •..!/..  ..I t  ..I  I :....!      1...    i  ' _        ;. 


t^himliniltr  /.fii/.— On  th,'  inside  ol  th,"  mirth  point,  iumi  llie  laf^htlioiis,.  ho; 

(iriii/'s  lliirlmr. — .\iitliori/.,.,l  by  < 'on;:i'ess  :  sit,'  not  yet  d,'l,'riiiim.d. 

Secalt  lUtij. — Inside  of  Caii,'  Flattery,  on  the  Indian  i'es,.rvatioii  at  ufst  iiart  ( 


ifth,.  Iiav. 


IN.STRUrTIONS    Tl)    MMMM'.l.'S    IN    CA.SK    iH'    sll  I  I'UIOK,  K.    WITH     1  NlnllM  \  He  iN    ci  INCRWMNfi    TIIK 
LIKE  .S.Wl.Mi    .ST.VTIliNS    IIMIN    till;    I'Ai  lit,'    ,(iASl    i  I     Till;   INI  11.1)   STATi;s. 


(  l.il'i -Sin  ill-  Siiviir,   l;r|i.i|l  lit  I--I,  J 


Upon  the  I'aeilie  coast  lh,'  lifesa\in,i;  stations  arc  o|i,'n  t!iron;;lioiit  the  \,.ar.  but  with  the 
i\,.eptioii  of  th,'  C.ipe  I  )isappoiiitiiieiit.  Iliimbuldl  l'>av.  and  San  I'raneiseo  stations,  they  are 
not  manned  by  re;;iilar  ,'r,'\vs,  ami  di'peml  upon  the  v,i|iiiit,.i.r  elloit  from  the  iieij;hb,iriny;  peoiile 
in  ,'a.s,'  of  ship\vi,',U. 

All  lih'-.savin;.;  and  lit','  boat  stations  ar,.  fully  siip|)li,'d  with  boats,  wreck  uiin,  beach  appani- 
liis,  rest, natives,  pr,iv  isions.  etc. 

.Most  of  the  life-.siivin;;  and  life  boat  station^  are  proviileil  with  th,'  lnt,'rnalional  Code  of  Si^-- 

•  .•..— ..1 I..  ;,...   .li..,,    1, i„,ii..ii    ,11   (ibtaiii  th,'  la'itmle  ami  lonj;i- 

ubabiliiies 


.Most  of  the  life-.siivin;;  and  life  boat  station^  are  proviileil  with  th,'  lnt,'rnalional  Cod 
II. lis,  and  vessels  can,  b,v  ,i|ieninu  ,'oiiimuiiie,iiiiHi.  b,'  reported,  or  obtain  th,'  la'itmle  a 
imie  of  the  station  where  th,'y  ha\,.  'ui'ii  ,i,.tei  mined,  inlormatioii  as  to  the  wi'atln'r  prol 
111  in,)st  ,.ases;  ,)r  if  rrippl,.,!  ,ir  ,lis.ili|ei|,  a  sl,.aiii  in;: m-  revenue  >iitt,'i  will  be  leleuia 
'All, 're  facilities  for  t,.h.t;Tapliiiij;  ,\ist.  to  the  n,ar,'st  port,  if  i,'ipi,si,'il. 

The  stati,m  crews  patr,)l  the  b,'acli  Horn  two  to  loiir  miles  ,'ai'li  sideot  theirstatimis  t'oiir  lini,.s 
liriween  snnset  ami  siinris,'.  and  if  lh,'  «,'alh,'r  is  fo^^yy  lie'  patrol  is  coniinneil  tlironuh  the  ila\. 

Kach  i)alri)linan  eariii's  Coston  si-nals.     Tpoii  discoveriiii;  a  vess,'l  slamlinu  into  tlanucr.  h,' 
i;;iiites  one  of  them,  which  emits  a  brilliant  ivd  ll.inie  'if  a.'oiil  two  miinites'  duration,  to  wain  ln'r 


uiapheil  lor 
'our  limes 


1 ^ " 

i;;iiites  one  of  them,  which  emits  a  In  illianl  iid  ll.inie  'if  .o'oiii  i  .> 

■  ■  J  aslior,.,  1,1  let  her  ,ai.w  Unow  th  it  tli,'y  ar,'  < 


^ *  ""  ,,"••■,  -•••■--"  ■ 

'  il,  ,ir,  shuiihl  the  vessel  be 
.It  iniml. 

If  the  vessel  is  ii,)t  tli.seovercl  by  th,.  |iairol  imtnediat,l.\  aflei 


!liseov"r,'d  and  assistane,'  is 
striking,  rockets  or  Uarenp 


(if))! 


TACIKU!    COAST    IMLoT. 


lights  slMiiiId  ho  l)iinu'(l,  or,  it  tlu'  wfatlicr  Ix'  i'oany,  {iiins  slioiild  lu-  tired  to  atlrnct  atliMiiiMi,,  ,,s 
tlio  |ialni!inaii  mav  lie  .shiih'  disiaiici'  awav  on  tlic  otlior  i-iid  ot'liis  Ix-at. 

Miisttrx  iiir  iiitrlinihirlj/  (iiutimtit,  if  thry  nhoiihl  hi-  drirni  nshorc  iini/irhtn'  in  tin-  nriiilil,..il,„.„i 
of  tlif  Ktntioiis,  rxpiviall!)  int  miu  of  (he  hhikIi/  nitixts  irhn-f  thrrr  is  not  m  tch  iliui(irr  of  rissils  In.  •innj 
iiji  iiintKiiiolilii,  to  nmiilii  on  iionnl  until  ii.ssi.stanrc  iiirires,  and  nndrr  no  iirrnnisl<ini(s  xlooil.l  ii,,], 
nf.impt  to  linid  Ihioniili  tlir  siirf  in  thiir  own  hoots  nntil  the  lust  liopr  of  <issisf<unr  from  lie  si,, in 
lids  niiii.\li,d.  Ohfii  wlii'ii  i-oiniiarati\i'l,v  smooth  at  st-a  a  dan<.'t'rous  siirt'  is  niiiiiiiiy  wliicii  i>  imi 
lit'icrptihli'  t'uiir  liimdrcd  >ardsotl'  slimc,  and  tlic  suit'  wlicn  viewed  from  a  \essel  nevii  .i|,|„.  ns 
as  d.uiu'eiiiiis  as  it  is.  Maii.v  lives  have  mineeessaril.v  lieeii  lost  liy  the  crews  of  slraiideil  \. •..,!> 
bein;:  thus  dcceixed  and  atteiiiptinf;  to  hind  in  the  sliip's  lioats. 

Tlie  dillii  iilties  (if  rescue  liv  opeiations  frorn  the  shore  are  ;,'re!itlv  ineieased  in  cases  \\li.i,  H,,. 
anchors  are  h't  ;;.i  dfiir  mtrrimj  tin  Intiikits,  as  is  fie<|uentl.\  done,  and  the  eiiances  of  s.imm^  in, 
eorres|>ond'.iiy;l\    lessened. 

iNsrnrcriuNs. 

licsnif  with  thr  life  hnut  or  snrfhoat.  -The  patrolnian,  after  disi'overin;,'  yoiir  vessel  i^li.'i,.  ;iii,| 
iinrnini;  a  (oston  si.'ii.d.  hastens  in  his  station  fur  assistance.  If  ilie  nse  of  a  hoat  is  iMaiiicililr. 
eiilier  the  lar^e  life  lioaf  is  laniiched  from  its  ways  in  the  station  and  proci'ed,  to  the  wo  cl,  1  \ 
water,  or  the  iij^hter  siirf  lioal  is  lianled  overland  to  a  point  opposite  the  wreck  and  lauih  ii.,|,  ;is 
eircumsiances  nia>  iei|niie. 

I  "ptni  the  lioai  reaching;  von r  vessel,  the  directions  and  orders  of  the  Keepci-  (wlio  al\v.i\  ^  i 

inands  and  siccrs  ihe  lioat)  shonid  lie  ini|dicill,\  oheved.  .\n\  heatlloii;;  riishin;;  ami  ciim.lm^r 
shonid  lie  piexcnted,  and  the  captain  of  the  \  essel  should  remain  on  hoard  to  preseive  oitli  i  niiiil 
e\er\  other  pi-rson  has  lett. 

Woiiu'ii.  children,  helpless  persons,  ami  i)asseii;;ers  shoidd  he  passed  into  th(>  hoal  lli^i. 

<loods  or  lia;r':a;;  •  will  ]>ositivcl,\  not  he  taken  into  the  hoat  until  all  are  laiidcil.  It  .ii.\  Ih' 
passed  in  a^;aiiist  the  keepei's  remonstrance  he  is  fnll.N  authori/ed  to  Ihiow  the  same  ov  ei  Ih..iii|. 

A'e.M'l/f  with  thr  In  mhrs  buoij  or  life  viir. — Should  it  he  inexpedient  to  use  eithei  the  lilc  Imitiii 
siirl'hoat.  recniiise  will  he  had  tolhewreek  j;nn  and  lieacli  apparatus  tor  tin' rescue  h;,  the  IhcicIics 
hnoy  or  the  lite  car. 

A  shot  with  a  small  line  attacheil  will  he  tired  across  \oiir  vessel. 

Ciet  hold  (if  the  line  as  somi  as  possihle  and  haul  on  hoard  until  \  o"  n*'t  a  t.iil  hlnck  \mIIi  .1  t\lii|> 
or  endless  line  ruse  ihriiii;:h  it.  This  tail  hluck  should  he  hauled  on  hoard  as  i|iiickl.\  as  |in^N,li|,' 
to  1 II  event  the  w  hip  dl  iltillt;  oil  w  ith  the  set  or  fouling'  with  wiccka^e,  etc.  Therefore.  Il  \o\\  Iiim' 
heeii  iliiveii  into  the  ii;;^in|.'  wheie  hut  one  or  two  men  can  woik  to  advanta^je,  cut  the  slmi  \\w 
and  inn  it  tliron;;|i  some  availalih'  hlock.  such  as  the  throat  or  peak  halvards  hlnek  or  aii>  hlinl, 
w  liieh  w  ill  atloid  a  clear  lead,  or  cmmi  liet  ween  the  ratlines,  that  as  inanv  as  possihle  iiia\  :i>~i^;  in 
hanliii;;. 

.Ml, idled  to  the  tail  hlock  will  he  a  tallylioard.  with  the  hdlowint;  directions  in  i:iii;h>h  "W 
one   side  and    I'leiii'li  on  the  other  : 

"  Make  the  I, 111  ot   the  iiliick   t  1st   111  the  lower  mast,  well  lip.       If  the  masts    are     ;,'(iiie.    IIml    !■ 
the  hi'st  pl.iee  \ciii  can  tilid.     Cast  oil   slmt  lilii'.  see  that  Ihe  mpe  in  the  hlnek  inns  tree,  ami  -:." 
si;,'iial  to  the  shore."" 

As  soon  as  \onr  si^jnal  is  seen  a  three  inch  hawser  will  he  heiit  onto  the  w  hip  and  h.niN  ■!  ■■!• 
.\oiir  ship  hy  the  lifesaviiin  crew. 

If  circninslances  will  admit,  \on  can  assist  the  life  savinjx  crew    hy  maiiniu;,'  that    p. ill  ■'   \ 
whip  to  which  the  hawser  is  heiit  and  hauling;  with  them. 

Wiieii  tho  end  of  the  h.iw.ser  is  t;ot  ini  hoard  a  tally  hoard  w  ill  he  found  altaehed,  lieani  u  '1 
follow  in;;  directKMis  ill  I',iij.'lish  on  one  side  and  I'reiich  on  the  other : 

"Make  this  hawser  fiist  about  two  feet  ahuve  Ihe  tail  hlock;  see  all  clear,  and  thai  the  1    ;  ■ 
Ihe  hlock  runs  free,  ami  show  si;;ii:il  to  Ihe  sliciie," 

Tnhr  iiorti,  iihir  rorr  that  fhrrc  iirr  no  tnrns  of  thr  irhiii  linr  round  thr  hmrsrrjo  insiiir  »///■'''.( 
//(/   ind  if  thr  hiiwsir  up  hitwrru  thr  pints  of  thr  whip  hrforr  midinii  it  fust. 

Wlieii  the  hawsei  IS  made  fast,  the  whip  cast  oil' the  hawser,  and  yoiirsi^Miiil  seen  hy  llieM.   -r 

111- crew,  they  will  haul  the  iiaw.s.'r  taut  and  hy  m.ans  of  the  whip   will    haul   oti  to  > -ni' 

hieeehes  hn.iy  suspended  Croiii  il  truvi'ierdtUM'k,  w  a  lifecar  from  rin^rs,  riinuintron  the  liau~.i. 

If  the  hreedu'H-buoy  he  .sent,  let  otuMiiaii  inimediatel.x  ^et  into  it.  thrusting  his  leu"*  Ihioii-M  (In 


ttract  iitti'iiiiMii,  'IS 


•lions  in   l",iiu'li>l'  "11 


PACTFIO   COAST    Pri.OT.  grj 

l.n'cches.  Iftlio  lifocar,  remove  tlie  liatcli,  iilace  as  many  persons  into  it  as  it  will  In.lci  ((iv,.  or 
six)  and  soouro  tlio  Initdi  on  tlie  outsi.le  l.y  ti.e  haleli-har  an.l  l,.,oU,  si^M,„l  .,s  Leloiv  an.l  Die  huov 
or  ear  will  be  hauled  asliore.  Tliis  will  1...  repealed  until  ail  an-  Nunled,  ( >n  th,.  !:.st  trip  of  the 
iilVcartlie  liateli  must  heseeured  liv  llu'  inside  lialcli  li;ir. 

in  many  iiistanees  two  men  ran  I.e  lande.l  in  (!„.  h, .j,,,,  iHi.,y  at  liicsame  time,  hyeaciipnt- 

linu  a  lefi  tliroiiKl"  a  legoftiie  lireeelies  unci  lioldin;;- on  m  tlie  lilts  (.t  ih,.  Imoy. 

Children  when  l.roufiht  ashore  l.y  the  l.iioy  should  hr  in  the  uniis  ..t  older  persons  (U' securely 
lushed  to  the  Imoy.     Women  ami  children  should  he  lanilrd  liist. 

In  sif,'nalin},'  asdireeted  in  the  forefroin-  instnieticms.  it  in  the  day-time,  h't  on.'  man  separate 
himself  from  the  rest  ami  swin;,'  his  hat,  a  handkeiclii..f,  or  his  liamh  it  at  iii-lit,  the  showiii;;  of 

a  li^dit,  and  coiu-ealiiiK  it  onee  or  twiee,  will  1...  uiiderst I ;  and  likesiunals  will  he  made  Ironrthe 

sh(>re. 

Cireumatiince.s  may  arise,  owin;,'  to  the  stivnuth  of  the  enrreiit  or  set.  nf  the  dan;;cr  cif  the 
\weck  hreakiiit:  uj)  immediately,  when  il  w(.uld  \ir  impossihlc  to  send  (iif  the  hawser,  "lii  such  a 
case  a  lireeehes  buoy  or  life-ear  will  lie  hauled  olV  instead  l>y  the  whii),  or  .sent  oil'  to  yon  by  the 
siiot  line,  and  yon  will  be  hauled  ashoic  thiou;;li  the  sui-f. 

If  your  ves.sel  is  stranded  durin;:  the  iii^hi  and  diseovned  by  the  patrolman,  which  you  will 
Liidw  by  liisburnint;  a  brilliant  red  li;;lit.  keep  a  luij,'hl  luokont  for  si},'iis  of  the  arrival  of  the  life- 
savin};  crew  abreast  of  your  vessel. 

From  one  to  four  Innirs  may  inlervcne  between  the  biuiiiiiK  of  the  liqht  and  their  arrival,  a.s 
the  patrolman  may  have  to  return  to  his  stalimi,  perhaps  thiee  or  four  miles  distant,  and  the  life- 
savin}?  crew  draw  the  apjjaratus  or  surfhoat  Ihiiiuuh  the  sand  or  over  bad  roads  to  where  your 
vessel  is  stranded. 

r.iKhts  on  the  beach  will  imlicate  their  arrival,  and  the  siiuml  of  caniioii-tirinj;  from  the  shore 
may  be  taken  a.s  evidence  that  a  line  has  been  tired  acioss  umi  vessel,  'fherefoie,  npim  hearin;;- 
the  cannon,  make  stiict  .search  aloll,  lore  and  aft,  fur  the  shot  line,  for  it  is  almost  certain  to  lie 
there.  Thonuli  the  movements  of  the  life  saving;' crew  may  not  be  peici]itilile  to  you,  owiiij;' to  the 
darkness,  your  ship  will  be  a  };ood  luai  k  for  the  men  expeiiemfd  in  the  use  of  the  wreck  uiin,  an<l 
the  lir.st  shot  seldom  fails. 

IIKCAI'ITfTATION. 

llemain  by  the  wreck  until  assistance  arrives  from  the  shore,  unless  your  vessel  shows  signs 
ot  immediately  breakiuf;  up. 

If  not  discovered  immediately  by  the  jiatrol,  burn  rockets,  tiare-np,  or  other  lif,'lits.  oi,  if  the 
weather  be  foji^y,  lire  t;uns. 

Take  particular  care  that  there  are  no  turns  of  the  whip  line  lound  the  hawser  before  making; 
the  haw.ser  fast. 

Send  the  women,  children,  helpless  persons,  and  passen;:ers  ashore  tiist. 

Make  yourself  thorou;,'hiy  familiar  with  these  instructions,  and  remember  that  on  your  cool- 
ness and  strict  attention  to  tiiein  will  ei'catly  depend  the  chances  of  brin.^'iiig  you  and  your  peoiile 
safely  to  land. 

17241  V  c 42 


Id  >! 


1  >'a 


I 


l|*^i«* 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 


Abiilonc  Point,  !M,Wn. 291. 

tirariiiK  1*'"*  diMtHiH'i'  from  ruiiit  riilirilU)/i'.i!. 

j;i'OitrrtiiliK'iil  iMiHitioii,  -'.tl. 

no  millyiiiK  <lrttiK:rrM.'.i'.il. 
Aliliry  Nli'l,  |li-Htnictioii  Isliiiiil,  l%.5(«l.Mi|. 

depth  of  wiiter  tioiir,.'y">. 
AI'Hott'H  IjtKooti.'Jt'.t. 
AlHT<li-oii.WiBhkiilil  Uivir.t'il.  HC. 
Ablm-viiilinuf*  n»<'«l  (»ii  rimrtsuiii!  buoy  lists. fi-Vt, 
.\ftivr  I'lisH.  HritlHli  Coliimbiu.57'J,.'>^l. 

li-ni{th,SS4. 

oiirrfiits,  R?*4. 

liKlii-liouBc,  ru*.  rvs.',  sti,  r>M-,. 

clmrBrU'r  iif  light, SS4. 
urciiiMl  limit  c.f  visibility.. 1X1. 
Kt-etKrrtpbu'al  |ioHitiun,.')>l, 
iliscovcry  of,.'i<t. 
bi  Ki'oii,  .W>. 

^;i'OKri(|ihical  iM>»ltitm,.V'<%, 
riM-r.SH.'S. 
Hi/..'  .V«. 
foK'SiKlial.S'W. 
J(-/iir,  (*'ho<inp>*,  wroik.'2'.t7. 
.lilirr,  stninitr,  broki-  »rirlior.i*i. 

Btriimli'il.  :«»■.. 
Ailatnfl  Cove.  poHltinn.  '.'7. 

illRlioriiKe  f'T  srimll  vesscN,  '.C 
A.lam»,  Point,  'iT.'.'JTl.  lilt.  Ill',  l.vi,  {K.  r.7.  i:.t.  I'VJ.  |r,7,  IC-i. 
Aillfrfreek,37.'!. 

ilUliineefriiiii  liiireiii  liivor,  ■,:7.i. 
A'lmli^lty  Hay,  Ailiiiinilly  Ilea.l.  r.s'.i. 
cleptli  of  wnter,  .W.i. 
ftm-horiiKe.  -I".*. 
currentH.  ?)*.*. 
Ailmimlty  HfB'l.VW.SW. 
sitimtiim.  rix'.i. 
lieiuTiil  ilcMcrlptliin,  S*J. 
ileptll  of  wiitir  oil,  S*.). 
iiirrcntM.  ^s•l. 

lIlilil-liouH.-,  M7, MH. .'il^,  Wl,  W2. ^-19. ^.O, M'.-W., S'C. 
.liHrmter<.fliKlit.  !>'<''. 
iiri'  iiml  limit  i.f  visibility,  WJ. 
ne<»Krrtpbli'iil  position,  .^x'J, 
iimKiietii'  viiridtion ,  Is'.i. 
IwurliiK  itliil  ilinliime  to  rniiil  rnrlri.lci-,  v.io, 

Nl-W  l>ulli;rll.-s   ll^;llt  bouse. 

Point  Wilson  ln;blb..Mse,.V,in. 
|-,,nlHinlbi'rllbiir,  ytl. 
Point  N,.  Point  Hk'blboiH.',  '.' 
slnire  lino  to  Point  l"iirtiiili!e,  v,»). 
A.lmimlty  Inlet, sm, '.2^^W^,V17. .V!h,.W, MS, 5'J0,Vjri,r.r.l,'-.>,r.-.", 

,    Meraltleseriplliil^SftH. 

s  ..>re-line,5SH. 

lmrlMirH,.'iiw, 

■llseovery  of.  .'iSD. 

fourBo  np,  V.1I, 
Auilte  Pa-SSBKe.  I'oBsesslon  ,'S.inn(l,  l'.ill,iJVi. lulj. 
AuentB,  Pmllle  .■oii.st.  sale  .if  eburts.ete., ;;. 
AKiitlar,  Martin  de,  cited, :Wi. 


Ahincnf 'reek,. TIT 

nillne  for  Wilson's t'ri'ek,  oH, 
Aitls  to  iiiiviKUtioii,  laws  for  tin-  protertion  of,  t'>,'>3, 
.\ir  iiloiii;  the  sfii-boanl,  tempiniliire  of,  'J,!-'). 
Aliiinetla.  17.;, 

,MHniieiit  lliver,  foliiiiibiii  l:ivi'r,  1'">.'1. 
Alamos  aiieliorai;e,Saiila  <  rn/,  Nlaiid.Ss. 
Alaska. '<,.rj), 
.l/.i</..i,ship.  ■.tiK!. 
Alava.  Cape,. '1117,  riin.r,  II',.  rii7. 
.\lbert  aiichoriiKe  Santa  t'ril/.  Isl.inil,s7, 
Albert  IIeail,Siraitiif  I'ueii,'       "iJ7, 
Albion  liiver,  'JT'.i. 'iO.  J'<s. 

beftrimiiinil  distante  .iIi'om'  of  t'rom  Navarro  Head.  'J7',t, 

Point  Arena,  27'.t. 
si/o  ot'.  ^7'.'- 

(;iiardeil  byoutlyilii;  rtef,  27'.t. 
width  of  eove  at  elitranee,  279. 
ileptli  of  water,  27'.'. 
railKe  in,  27'.', 
eliaiinel,  "7'.'. 

roek  at  throat  .ir2'*il. 
mooriiii;  buoys,  jsii., 

lb  pth  of  wall  r  at,2*'. 
Ilellbv'selmte.Jso, 
t'oiist  Siir\.-y  station, i-*!'. 

K.-oKnipliieal  position. J-*", 
inaunetie  variation, 2sii, 
AKalra/.  lslaii.l.l7S,|s2,lsl,  l^-i.lsi',.  ISS,  |;K-,,'.'ll7.-r,<'.,':is.2JI,2ll. 

ileseribed,l82. 
pier, I "2. 

li^-hl-honse,  174, 17^..  177,17''  l'<l.ls2,  |si,  Isl,  IV,,  IsT,  |s,,  is.l,2 
2r'.l,21l,2r2.  2ll,2l".,2lli,2|s,Jl'.i,2Jil.J3:. 
1  haliuler  of  lii-lit.  W.'. 
dislaneeof  visibility.  |s'2. 
Ueouiaiihical  position,  WJ. 
nmnioti''  variation,  |s2. 
I  eariiiK  and.li«tanee  to  Fort  Poinl  lieht-hoiise,  1*2. 

point  Uonetaliilhl-house.  Isj. 
l.inie  I'oinll'oK-wliislle.  Isj, 
southeiisl  point  .ViiKil  Island,! 
Itlaek  Point,  H:, 
lllossom  lioi  k  buov,  1S2. 
Ar.hor  llird  l!ock  ls2. 
Shaii  Uoik.is2. 

foK-bell.Kt. 

des.ribed.l-!, 

foul  i;roimi|  near,  Is^ 

Spanish  name,  W», 

bieal  name.  I'^l. 
Alealm/.lfoek.lS'.l. 

bearim;  and  dintnm' 

biloyl*'. 
Allien  llaiik.  OiiUofib 

d.seribed,r>Tl 

depth  of  water  on.  17 !. 

danger, '>7.'l. 

marked  by  a  buoy,  17:i.  ,  .     ,     ^., 

,„.arinBsand.b.m.u.c.stoneiKhbotim,-"b|eels,.„4, 

anehora>;i,'i7:!. 
eiirrents  over, '>7,'t, 

cr>o 


■  fr.iin  Aleatraz  Islmiil,  ISO. 
or«ia,17:i,57H. 


;;     i    I 


r,6o 


INDKX. 


11 

111  ^''  ki  •  P 


M.liT  crwk.l  II 

Al.liT<'rfok   <'.iluml>iii  UlviT,  imi. 
Alil.rCnMk    M.>unlMlii,IHl. 
Alfinn«lrr  Nltiii'l  "WiLIVnl 

Iwrtnii^  uihI  iliHUinto  from  HmIi  llt-H>l  *^'l 

I><"<|M1.  ti.ni  IhIiiikI.'-iM. 

<!*'«K-iilM'<l.  'x'l 

J»tiiikrn  nt*k'«  IH'ftr.^''I. 
Alliiii  I'liiii.l.  IIixHrJM  Slri<il.V>l 
All<  n  Hunk,  niiikr  UIhikI.  IIIJ.  lill. '^I'< 

ili'l'tli  >'t  whUt  un.'ilj 

iiiu-)ioriiK<\>'irj. 

rdrnMiN.  '«1  J. 

ln-l|.  i.lJ 
.Vllcli  I'lOnI,  V'".!'*"!. 

on  -iiitilhi  rii  rii'l  iif  Crtliiiinii  IslrttwI.  twiii 

.l.t-p  wiilt  r  .ill.iv«i. 
Mm-vj«  liny.  Ill 

liiui Kirlli  xiili'.  411. 

ANoy.i  l'i'«k.  II.',  II  1 

l.iii.lfiill  fi.r  AlM'Vii  UiviT.  11^ 
AliMVB  liiviT.  .W..  4'f<,  111-",  till.  II  1, 

)K*nriMK  iiimI  •liHliinif  from  ('ii|m-  I'l-rixMiiit,  II". 

roiVNt-ltnc  fr.-rii  *'»\ir  I'lTlM-tim.  II". 

<li-«riU-'l.  111. 

villatfrn  nlont;,  411. 

Intr.  III. 

bilo\'  to  nmrk  iipproiti  Ih'm,  111. 

U'liniiK  "i"l  <l">ti\iii'.'  |<.  Si'nl  Mull.  III. 

poiiii.*  tii'iir  I'litrHiH  <'.  Ill, 

«;l|H-   l".T|..lllll.   III. 

Yit<("i<>>*  ll'i''  l"ioy.  111. 

ireoi;r«|>hi<-ftl  |M>*ition  of  iiitMitli.  111. 

.I.|ili  of  wm4r  i'll.  II.' 

iHiMllnll,  11.'. 

.ouMliiir  to  S<'nl  rooka.  l\2 
All«  "  iilifoniiii,  n.:'i'..  i> 
Aiii>.-,.|i;i  l.i.iuil.  t'>.  |■.l.■«l.•il.VJ.•>.^,v.,v..^7.|■.T.|•.•'.'^T,■«,•.^^ 

ili-««ril)icl    «:  -I. 

h\  ilroKriipliy,  >^l. 

kfl|>,  M. 

BiirhoraK*'.  ''-I. 

Iltll'l  fall.  ^l. 

Ke"t;ruijl 1  |K»-iliot).  ''^^l. 

IM-H'iu^:^  i»"<l  ili'iaiM-o-*  from.  '*.i. 

AH«C':I|'I»  l*'»''*"ur.Tfi   VI.  KI  M>». 

••hiiriirtrr  «if  Nolloiii,  '.«. 

nirmil.  '••*. 
.\n»lwitn.  -C.  4". 
.\iifi)i«'iiii  I'rei  k.  ;W. 
AlinlicH"  I.HtiilMiti  tifH.TiU-il,  4".'l*V 

rfft*rt"n  f  tit  iH-rti-i.ij.   !•• 

no  'luiiniT".  fp. 

miiliorui,''-.    •". 

IikIiI  ^Itowii  whiMi  HlfiiiiHrHur*-  fi[H«t  i»mI,  M\. 

r<"ft'rrnc<^  to  toiIiT  rtml  iiiufr  liuo.vn.   irt. 

ili'pth  i<(  witt»Tut  out«T  huoy.  .'C 

l{»*oKniphi<^*l  |Mi^itiori  of  lM»ii*'oii.  :t7. 

niiMim'lic  varmtioit   -IT.  * 

li.lf..  n.  rrr. 

l>f»rl"Kfro!n  unchorftKe  nt  "^rtii  I'l'-lro,  :'ti. 
rcfcrencr  to  ptwfll  ill  wmtrr.   IT. 
.Vt)i'h4irti|{i>,  .\himiHi.  Santa  I  rii/  NiHO'I    '*'^. 

,\ltM'rt.  *^intrt  t'rn/  Ntan<l.  <*'. 

Alio  Niioxo,  W 

Apple  Tn  i-lo\e,  Wtt. 

\rriin  < '.  i\c,  '.'li'.t. 

I'Hillcry  I". .ml.  XC. 

H<"  lur  llil>    V\ 

ll<llin)jli.in.  ll.iy.'STO. 

Hir.  li  ll.iy.  Vj. 

Ill.iki'  I>liili.l    M2. 

n.-l.-Kii  Hay    r..'. 

Moni't.i  C.iVf.  17h. 

Itoiinrlary  llay.Sr?. 

Ililrrnril  Inli-t,  .'Wtl. 

Hiirro««  liay.  VkI. 

C.irm.  1  Hay.  I.TO. 

*  aApiii .  .'"v'S. 

4  'alallria  NUnil.  7**. 

i'.itl.ini\a  Covn,  tM. 

t'lHTty  Vall«-\ .  ';^^. 


Aiirli(>rAK<*.i'l)('tko,  .tiil,  .VtJ, 

rlilni'ir  tlurlMir.  wi. 

Cliiiikaitiit  Ikiy. ^71. 

tliMinMlli'. 71. 71.71. 

<'»M'liir»«  l'rirto'«..'*7  •*'<. 

4'olvoH  l'a»4f»at;t'.t.l'*. 

4'omnii-ni  iMniMit  ll.iy.llHt, 

Cornioraiit  Hay.Vt7. 

(•o\o..M.r,|. 

fri"«,cnl  I  ity  Hay,  li"!.  II'.. 

l>akhi'>«  Cove, '«'). 

I>ay  iHlanil.  ivjn, 

I'raki ■■■.  llHy.  I'.n. 

|)rlmjslovc,74. 

Dilnio  I'oyi',  4^. 

DiiilMirv  Point.  Itr.V 

Ijinl  I'n'I.Hanta  I'ril/  Ixliiiiil.  "1.  -7. 

I''airwii>'  rlianiii'l.  ft''7. 

I-'lthrnnan'-i  c  ■o\  i-.  .tii. 

Fort  l!o«».  ■.'■>■,.  Jiio,  .'i.-i. 

Konrlhor  .Inly.  7S. 

tlnyiolH.  f'l. 

Half  M. ..HI  Hav.  I'lT. 

Ila\f'n<«,  JIVi. 

Ilay«la'  k  lio.  k  .  II". 

11 la  llta.l.  IHH. 

llo»lal"l'<.7'<. 

Ilni.lcr  "I'.ivc,  :«>'.>. 

latllinii*  t'ovi',  7S.  7>'. 
,!olnin«ni'«  l.«'i'.  '^2- 
.ToliiiHon''*  ICitin-h.  7>*. 

Lacuna.  ''I . 

I.illlc  IliviT  llarlMir,  J"2. 

I.uniiiii  Nlanil,  'u\^. 

Mai-k'p*.    Wk.. 

Matol.-  Hivi-r,  HH. 

Malu^ii  I  ovc.  17. 

Nnnaiiiio  UarUir,  .^Mti. 

Nf.-«liH«y..V.'J. 

Noyo  ltiyiT,i'<r. 

Olil  Coio,  iVi 

I'lMirl   lliirl«.r.  119. 

l'."nl  |)ial.lo,<7. 

r.iiiil  IIol<in^on,i',l.%. 

I'oinl  Sal    in'.. 

I'.nlll  Sontliwortll.  <'>11. 

Point  \'aHlioii,  til  I. 

I'ort  Hlakfly,  >.l". 

I'lirl  (lainMr.  n.r.' 

Port  Difonl,  .17i'i. 

Po»»,  '>'<.  >".'. 

Priwincr'-  llarlior.  V.,  wi. 

Pyraiiil'l  Cove,  7-*.  7;i.  74. 

lto>o.  .'Trt. 

.San  Hiii'nxrntnra.  M,  V.,%7, 

San  I  li'ini-ntc  Nlainl.  7\7<i. 

San  lilixo  Hay.  2ii. 

Hainly  I'oinl.  '.'I'. 

H^^u  .Inait  t'aplMtrallo,.T.'.  :t.t. 

San  l.nii  K.  y,  :ii). 

San  Si 11.  I.ll. 

.Santa  HarKara.  -Vt.  »*l. 

Santa  Monl.a  Hay    l«.  I'.',  i^l. 

Santa  Itona  Nland,  Ki.  Vi. 

Si'ul  llarlair   71. 

.SInixv,  Santa  I'm/.  iHlainI,  •<■>.  •"■. '•7. 

Sli<lt<T,  i'.C. 

SlilNliol.-  Hay.r."!"'. 

SlnmlwaliT  l'."nt«,  477 

SmiiKKl'-t'^  foM*.  San  cleiiH'ntf  Nliiti-i 

SintiKnIrr''*  < '«iv«'.  .Santa  1  ni/  Ulatol.  '•l 

.Sonlh  fovf.  :t'.r.' 

Sli-ilaiooin  ItiMT,  G'JI. 

TliikiT  llaihor.  H7. 

TtMlKiu*  Point,  ."^-ft. 

Tuliillp  Hay.  <li«i. 

Tyler  Cov.-.KT. 

I'ajial  Valliy.  ■.••.»7. 

Va«limi  tnlanil   nil. 

Valti-y .  Santa  t  "rn/.  Inlantl.  ftt.  17. 

Whalemen'^  llarUir.  r.'t 

Wliili'ley  »  l.atnlinK.  T^. 

WhilewlKjro  Cove,  i7"J. 


INDEX. 


661 


AiichornRo.  WilHdn'M  Covr.  7:i. 

Wilton  4  l.iiiiilliiK.7^. 
Vii<|iitim  ilt-iiiU,  ll'.t. 
\mIiT»"li'»  <  IIIV,  ■-".i.l.aH.'J'.W. 

il,  ..irllK'.l.  -"J'.l. 

tictiriiiu  >*"*'  itiMlaiii'c  rniin  Uik  Wliilr  Ifock,  'J*/! 

rtit  ks  il»(t('  miiU'r  llii-  HlMirr.  '-".'''. 

liyilri»Krn|t!iy  utV,  '_"/.». 

liiilch,  JtifkaHM,  2'f,i. 
\ii.lci'<uii  NImmiI,  I'Mki'l  Mimilil.  IWJ. TiL'!. 

t'tciiiiM'N  iinitiiiil,  •)'.'..'. 

ill  ptl>  iif  HutiT  uii,  iv:;!. 

ininif!*  f»>r.  ft'-M. 
\iiil<-r<«(<tt  I.iilHliiiK.  l!l'-< 

iinrlMiract*.  l:tj. 

MpriliK^  m-ur.  l;t''. 
Vti.lrriuli  IViik,  I:f2. 
Aii^il  laliiiiil.  l-vi,  IM-.'.  Is7,  KH.  lsl),'.'ir,,3|'.l,'.-.1>.'-'i'>,2.1'.i.'JII,JIT 

1.,'iBlll,  l«.l. 

iippiMntnrt',  K'l. 

iitilitiiry  pott.  lH.t. 

<lii|i  MIlllT.  Kl. 
foulM'H.  IM. 

ilrmrihi'il.  Kl. 

m'oKriipllii'Jil  piisltion.  I*vl. 

Iifuriiiu  Hiiil  (liT^tuiirc  to  roiiit  Slniti-t.  1^1 

I't'lllll.^lllll  I'otllt.   |i|. 

I.iiuf  I'oim  lo^-w  Ill-Ill',  I" 
I'ort  I'oiiil  liKlit'hiiiKi'    l-l 
Ali'iilru/.  lalaiKl  HkIiI    I'<I. 
AiiK'li'".  Point. M". 
AiiKilrs.  I'orl. 
Imfit.  hark. 

Anita  lloi'k.  Itll.  l>i|,lH|-|,'.'|i-i,2m.'.M4 
il.-»lTil»Ml.  Itil. 
lurrontK.  Iti;. 
liiMii'on,  l'«i. 

hourin^  atnl  iliitani'i-  t* 


E'"iirt  I'liint  liulit-liouti' 
Aliatni/  l-lanil  IikI'IIi 
I'.lai'k  I'oitit  llaK'ilall. 
I'n-iiiho  ?ihuul  liuoy.  I" 


l*V 
iintc 


111!. 


j^ravrl  thoul  ni'ar.  I«i'i 

ilaiiKi-riniHal  tnin-«.  Is7, 
\iiiia-  ltH,\  .  Iloiiil  r.  iani»l,i.;!<'i. 

il,.siillHil.r.ir.. 

j;«-in;iapliii'al  powUion  (Vlt'i. 
Aim  Nnrvi)  Arroyo.  I  I'.l.  IVi. 

Mill  Nui'vo  I'oinl.  III.  I.r>,l:lii.  I  ::  l:!x.  Ii:i,  I  IT.  I  I'.l.  I'm.  1^1, 1'.:!,  l.'.l. 

Vntiiirh,  17'.:. 

ppli-  CiiV"  I'oinl.  V.17.VH. 
\pplo  Tret'<'oVf,i'i(t!. 

liifttiiiK  ilittHini- from  I'oint  \o  runit.i'Jl."!. 

ili'B.ribfil.i'iiU. 

ill  pill  of  wiitiT.iin:!. 

iiniliiiritm'.t'itKI. 

nainfii.tH';!. 
\pton<'rfi'k.  ICi. 
Aplot  l.anilinK.  1 1d. 

iiiotiriiiK  liii'*yi,  1  111, 
Anil  Inn'  Ki'cf.  I'aiialili-  llaro.  'vlH. 
Aiiii.li'ila  I'oinl.   IJ. 

Ar.a.le  lloli-l  .Sunla  Mi.niiK>  l.onllii.irk,  47. 
Arrailia,  I'liKt-'l  ■''^omnl.  tV-'n. 
Ariiitn.  -ai. 

formerly  I'niunlown.  t'-"'. 

liu'Dliun.  :ij'.i. 

m'in*ral  lU'ti  ription.  :t-'.'. 
\rialii  ( 'lianni'l,  .'{■_'7. 

markfil  liv  mi\  licaiiiiit.  :t_*7, 
m-ln'riil  iii->.criptli)n  of,  .1^7. 
Xicalii  Wharf.  :Wi. 
Uih  <  apr.  III.  4I^. 

ilHlain'i'  from  Capi'  I'alrnli.  III. 

iloHi'rlla'il.  III. 

•  Ii'plh  of  wuti-r  otr,  411. 

ilallKi'm  oir.  III. 
Anlii-il  Uotk.'rv'i. 
M.lii«.  I'oint  of.  r.lll. 
Anil  li.luiiil.  Capr  l;li/uli.-lli,  t'.^. 

imnii'  for  Haft  Itoi  k.  I'.iTi 

ilimrilxil,  r.ITi 

Kt'uKraphU'al  po.sltlon,  4'.T>. 


Anil,  Mack'-,  a'i7.  ir..l.  .Ii'il.  in;-,.  ,'!i-,(), .'im, .171 
Ari'h  lloik,.'Ni.  :w.  .'M,  :m, 

klliiHii  at  Kin  Km  k,. -111. 

ili'scrll.i'il.  :ls|. 

ilaiiKi'rH,  :i>l. 

lii'urihKanil  ilitlanw  from  Capii  Orfnnl  llKli|.liiMii«',,'Wl. 
Ill'iKllliorilii;  riitk-i,  ;iHl. 

tiniki'ii  nick  near. ;iNl. 
Anil  Itnik,  Aiiaiapa  lshinil,x.i 

lIl'MTlhl'll,  >v'i. 

Ki'nuraplili  al  potiliim.  «:l 

liniriiiK'i  anil  (li.lan.fs  fmni.  -:!. 
Anil  linik,  I'oinl  (irinvillr,  Ivi,  (..17. 

In-iKliI,  IVI. 

nick'*  illtilll*  of,   |v9. 

lifptli  iif  Matrr  arnuiiil.  h'.i. 
Kt'oprapliit-iil  potjljoi).  I'.Hi. 
lu'iiriiij,'  uimI  ili-laiMc  1,1  liitirnilion  Itlaiiil,  I'.iii. 

.laiiM-t  Inland,  I'Hi. 

(  armll  lili'l.  I'.m. 

liniy'M  llarlior.  I'.nl. 

I'api-  Hisiippoinl ii.  I'.m. 

rillaiiiiiok  lioi'U  Imlii-liimti'.  VMi. 

Viiiiuina  Ui'ailt  liKlit-lioiiHf ,  4'.iU. 
Anh  limk.  roini  SI.  (o(iri;c',  :|.'>L'. 
kiiuwii  aH  Wliitc  Uin-k.3-VJ. 
ti/.i'..(."i:!. 

lllHllUlct!  frnill  I'liilil  SI.  (M-iir;;i-.:i.'>'_', 
■iiijill  roiktanil  fmil  liroiiinl  intnli- of. ;'-*il'. 
appriiriun  I-  from  ii  ili-tam  i-    :.'i-'. 
An  li  K.Hk,.Saii  Kramitio  liar,  l^.'  I'*';,  l<7,-'l  I . -''J  1 ,  L' J', 
ili-ti-rilii'il.  IS7. 
liroxnnity  ilaiii;i*rmis.  H7. 
Iioltmii  rm  k\',  l'»7. 
inrri'iitt.  Is7. 
liiarinK  ami  iliMahci-  lo  Alcalriiz  I.tlim.l  I.i«lil-hou«i-,  IH7. 

l-'orl  I'oinl  l.iulil-lioiiHf.  1^7. 

I.inii-  I'oint  Ioi,'-wlii.illf.  I  ■^7. 

I'ri'siilio  Shoal,  |t7. 

Shai;  liuik.l'.7. 

Saiiiclilo  Wharf,  1^7. 
Anh  l;iii'U,Tillani(ii>k  lliail.  tlli. 
U.h  Uiiikt.l'hn'i',  III.  lifi,  |.!r.. 
.Ui'iiafovi', '.'ri'.i. 

St'arin^' anil  ili-tann-  fnmi  I'oint  .\rena  I.ii;ht-liiiuti','Jli'.i. 
iuirliorai4i'  for  Miiall  vcsiclt.  .'i-'.i. 
^iitikrn  riiikt.  '.;il',i. 

•  I(  pill  iifuMlcr,  Jii'.l. 
-nii'll.  ■Jrti. 
Iirrftki'rt.  "JiV.*. 

H  harf.  'Jii'.i. 
niiiorinut.  '_'i'.ll. 

•  Inilr,  Ji.'.i. 
town  Mt'iir.  -711. 

I'lia-l  Siiivry  ttrtlion,'_'7t'. 
Ki'iiKraiihn-'al  potilion, -711. 
liyilrnv;raph.\  . "JTii. 
Anna.  I'olul,  l^^  lliri.  Jii2,JJ:!.JI7.'iV.i.l.'r.J,i'.l,'J(V'i,Ji;i-.,'Jli7,'-'iW,'JiW.'.'70, 

■J'v'i.:''.Mi,nil.:!lN:ll.i. 
\ri{ilt'llo  l.aniliiiK.  la'arinn  ami  ilinliim'i'  fnnii  Ihr  lispmlii,  hU. 
liKiiliiiii  of  wharf.  Inl. 
twill  iiin.lilii'.l  l.y  U.-lp,  nil. 
insUiii-Iiunt  for  t'liti-ritiK.  h'l. 
AruuclUi.  I'oint.  l('i..'>7.i.ii. In. '.I'l.  H»i,  Iii7,  II  I.  I'-'n.  I'Jl.  li'i.  M-l. 
.li-i.Npi ,  ttcaim-r,  wnH'ki'il,2i'iil 
,\rtnas,ranaihnlf  las  l^i 
Army  I'oinl. 'Jl-.'.  Ji:!, -'I''. '-'li'. 
.Irii/ii  iia.stl'ani-^hip,'!. 
.Vnu'tport  l.limliiiK,  I'll*, 
wharf,  IV.i. 
n'ff,  irv.i. 

niiiorniK  tiiioyt.  l-'i'.i. 
ArrinHlon.  Mount,  ml. 
Vrniw  Itivi-r.  :iiil. 
Anow-iuilh,iili-il.7ii,lii;. 
Arniyollnlmli-  town).  Iii7. 
Arroyo.  ,\rni  Nmvo.  I  I'.l,  I. 'Hi. 
(h'l  Tom.  .'i'.l. 
(Iranih-.  Iin'i. 
(iMi  I'laio.  liK'i. 
.San  Viin'i'nli'.  I''". 
Santa  Mnniia,  Id,  47,  H. 
Sinil,  Ml. 


'n' 


1 


ii  i 


/ 


G6'2 


INDKX. 


^•■: 


iM 


■pi    ^ 


*  'I  ^ 


;«: 


UN 


Anvnulnii,  I'mlrc  ilv  In,  nn. 

.\<|>lmUiiin  Kii  Smii  MIk'X'I  ■•IaixI.  01. 
AKliriik.  (111.  |i,i.  ii,|   ir/i. 

iM'iirtDK  unit  illntitiiro  froiii  l-'ort  Sti'ii'itw,  Ifil, 

Ki-ounipliu-rtI  |ttiMitiuii,  4**2. 

I'lutrl  itKt'itl.  'I. 
A»lor  I'Miiil,  im. 

.(.veiTcl  l.y  A-ic    ;»,  461. 

*oliinH'r»>i«,  4t'l. 

cIllllllH'l,  ift\. 

riKk<  In,  41.1. 
AlkiiiM.ii.  I'l.lnl.  ^■<.t. 
Auli.k,  Cii.tnln,  I'.M  N.,  To, 

Alll''  I'll.  Kill)'.   Iv.), 

.\\  Ilia,  I'lip*',  :i7i. 
Avilu  K...  k.ll'i. 

iH'itniiK  uTiil  (IhIaiici-  from  Wlinlrr  InluiiJ,  llli. 

H|i|>('iinuiiT,  Uti. 
Aril*    t.AMr.ltlK. 
.\vulti  .IiiHu  ill'.  I  iieil.'.'Is. 
.\yrrM  I'uiiit.  IIikhI  4'Hiiiil,r>:(lt, 
AoiHu  llllln,  UC>. 


II. 


IWinOilnli  roinl.  Nci'hIi  IIkv.VJI.  Vil. 

l>ii<*Mi(>r  iirnr,  '»JI. 
llnclii.  A,  l>  .furimr  Su|h  riiili'inU  iil  I'.  ^.  )'ua«t  Wiirvi  y.  reffrcim 

1.1.7. 
Ilailio,  Moiinl.lr.  li.V. 
llBiliy  I'liint,  4.11.  1 1  ■. 

•  Ii~tiii.li   rrohi  l.ni'ii  llill  TillitlniMik  lUy.l.Li. 
llMllllirlllKI'   NlHII'I.Cilfi.  ii<'.i,  i.lll. 

ili-».rili<il  I'i'i. 

Hiu'tiiirnKi'  I'rt.i'nift. 
Iliik.r  M..iiiitaiii.V1,%ivX,Vi1.r,l'. 
llnkiTM  Uiiy,('i>Iiuii)>iu  Kivcr.lV),  li-.i.  iup.  ir-T.  4tiy,  471. 

Miimtiikii.  I'*!'-!. 

il.-fH'rilM'il.i.v.i. 

li'M.liiiK  111  I'liitr.  IVi 

Ilfr-Nrtvilit;  flAtlMd    I'.'.*. 
Ital.  hi  I'li.-iim-  Till'  .\Hrrow»,("ii;.r.23,MI. 

Iiijlit  f..r.i,.'l. 
lli.l.l  Hill,  J^',  isu. 
I'jklil  Uli  ta.  I  ape  Jtihiiaon,  SOS,  IS06. 

Iliiiil  Mmiii,Iiimi.  Il'i 

liHl't  INiti'  .Miiiiiituin,  ivt. 
Ilal.l  IVuk    ITI. 

lii-iui.i  ;ri 
iiitiuii)  tiiiuiiv 'n. 

IIhM  Piak  ('Mirviu  Ulaiii^VA. 

Ilal'l   lIlilKi-   Km. 

Ilal.l  T..1.  Mi'iililiiiii.  I.'''. 

Ilnlln>.t  r  .lul  17, 1...  I'.i,  I'll.?.',  it.S). 

various  ii.inirw  fur,  17. 

>Ii..hI  .Ii-..  nU-.l   l«  I'.i. 
llHllai-l  I'liiiil  s||,,n|.Haii  Hirgii  Iliiy.'.M, '.'(, 
IImIIi  iia..  I!ay   l'.'l,  IV.',  SC.  ■-••■I. 

Milimtii.ii.  l'.'l. 

•.iitraixf ,  r.il. 

r.i.ky  niM.t  ill,  lyl. 

Iift*-«a\  tti>f  nlatluii,  I'.ll. 

l.iK.y.l'.il. 

S|iHtii-li  iiuliirn  rji. 
Ilnlli'iia'  I'liilil.  I'/J.  I'J.)  'i)IS.  I'll. 

il.iTllMNl.  I'.C 

t>eartittf*iiil  iliitancc  tu  I'liint  llrvpn  liKltt-hoiiiH'.  I'.i.l. 
S  K  I'uralU.M  liKlll-liuiiM,  IWl. 
inmiry  lUt-t.  I'..l. 
I'oilit  lluiicla  IikIiI-Iioiim',  IU3. 
Haliiiiia  f 'rpi'k  ami  TA((oon,  47. 
liiilliiiioii'  Iti.ik    .-I.'. 

iM-ariii^  ill  111  ili-«i;iiii-t*  frittii  ('a|m  (ircKory  liKht-huuae,  3Vt. 

lIl'M-Tlltl'il.  .'t*.t^. 

ili'|itli  iif  Matcriiriiiiiiil.  ;CJ^ 

It' ill  I  mar  I  .  -tiHIniT.  imiik.  ;fjfi. 
liaitila  I'l'int     Tuilii.*  ,'^uitoB  lliiy),  12. 
Ilaliiliiii,  t.inil,  .fjii,  :!'Jl. 
llauk.  Allien.  ^7I,S7'<. 

Allrn,r.l2,  G13,6l». 

C'liae'a,  (Vl.'l. 

C<j|iMt«uc«,  500, 


llaiik.forilrll.  im.  Kl,  illt,  2V9. 
t'nrtii.  II    It.  i.H.  llHI. 
I>alln».  MJ,  VH,  .VM,  Ml. 
Klnlia.  f\.*7. 
Ili>a>li'i.  Wl. 
ili'i'i'ta   iin.  lOH. 

Illiiki|i,l'd. 

Miilitlr  W'l.  , 

rartriilifi*,  .VV'I, 

ItolnTla.  S7'.l,  Mi, 

Saliiiiiii.  VM. 
.'^paiiinli.  ^a.'l. 
Mliinfi'iui,  V.I,  .'Wl,  WJ. 
Tiilii.  nm,  :iiii|. 

W'rut  ».  rjS'.l. 

liar  IIiiiiiU.l,li.,il7,.tJI  :L'l.;i.11,3:i.'i,:tl»,:i4;i. 
San  I'raiii-iiM-.i,  1V\,  |i',ii.  .'lift, 
'^aii  l>li'Ki>  Itay.  ilrMcrtlaMl,  Is. 

iiiiniiiiitr.  h: 

Itailniiir'n  .^lulmniKi' ilrw  iiIm'iI,'.);. 

ki-l|i  aliillK  till'  .iliuri'  '.17. 
liar.  Ii.y  x..iiiiil.  Mx. 
Hare  Hill.  ncri. 

Iu'IkIiI.  1i>7. 

•Ii'«.  rl|illi>n,  1117. 
Ilari.  Ulsiiil.t'ahiil  <lii  llarn. Kit. 
llariiacU'  UiH-kn,  iUVI. 

aui'.ti.l 

illNtatirr  fnitii  nlturr.'Uit. 

ilrplli  i.f  wali'r  ar.Miiiil.  tiil. 
Itarnri*  Iilaml.  Kiinarin  Strait.  V.H. 
Itariiiiirtrii-  iinli.'alioiiti  uf  Wfatliur, 'J.'II 
liar  li.iik.'K.'  Iirj 

Itarruii.li'  /..i.'iilifa  l/.iiiilKa  Slmal).  17. '.27. 
llaaall  I'liiiil.  II.HHrn  I  aiial.ri>,(ur.i,iul, 

UaiiKcr  nil'.  li.'U. 

ail.  liiiraKi'  nvar.<>;^i. 
Ilattin  ll.i.k..T7ri.:i7«. 
Ilailiry  I'.iiiil.  .117.  14'.). 
Ilalti'ry  I'.iiiit.  Iliinaniiiili  flay. i>li7.niM,i',|il.i°il  1,01;:, i; 

ill"..  riU'.l  li"7 

ai>p.'iiriiiiri'  at  a  iliHlalici',  (.417 

aiH'lioratri'  tvc 

lieariiiK  anil  ilislani.t'  to  I'oint  l'iilly,riii7. 
roiiil  N'liMluin.lUC. 
Kf.toniti.in  l'.>iiil,IXI7. 
Wc»l  roliil,0U7. 

IIkIiI.6U7. 
Ilay.  Ailniiralty.SW, 
Miuya.  111. 
\  iinaa,  <hb>. 

llakim.  W  IVl,  4i',i),  IC7,  li-.'.'.47l. 

Ilallviiaa.  I'.>l,  1'.<I,IU'J.::''>I. 

Ik-rliiT.  Santa  Kihm  Ulaiiil.  im.'.ll.tl'.',  W. 

lt.'..lior,W.t. 

ll.'llirmliBin,v,9,.%7ii,  vm. 

Hlr.li..'.74.%7^. 

II...U'Ka,  IHii,  l'.rJ,'.'f<.i'.l,i"il',31l. 

H<miiilary.ri7^.  S77,  ^7■«. 

lliirrii»«..V,l,56J,V;!. 

t'alif.irnia  ll. 

C'arnii'l.  1 IC.  IH'.,  1.T7. 142,  I4«. 

CatlilaiiH't  VVl. 

t'liiitUitttiit.  .^7l. 

t'lallani.  VJI. 

t'liilliiii'iiirnii'nt.r.KJ  l'.in,rilM,SIU. 
t'oll)>t.llirf,  Ml'i. 

» 'iirinoraiit.  ■VS7.  .%72. 

(■rt■»l.•l■llt.^.•^).^.'<■. 

Cn-Hiiiit  ('ily,:)|i'  i42,»4.1,S51, 

I'liUiii.  W". 

l>al«>i',''i'.'y. 'm. 

IH•^>artll^•.'l•«■l,^''". 

lii'n.'arso.  12 

linik.  ■»,  11.1  l'.«i.  I'.>:I.2;14,3'j4. 

|iimiair".'-i'i,'liil,ii"2. 

l>ilwaiiil!.ll.*iilft,0*lft. 

i:iiioit».  law. 
i;iii{ii»ii.'>*i. 

KntifriiK,  1  l.'i. 
Kui^bavt'll,.^TI. 
I'nliii',  in,  l7,'27,:to. 
PlilalKU,  IWM. 


iNin-.x. 


(;i;3 


rtll,6IJ,f.ll.tii\ 


liny,  Vlalirrnntn'M,  ^lU.I'H. 
Krt»li  Wulir.Wcl. 
«iriiy«.  Iia.lk";. 
(Irilllii.VM. 

iiiiir  MiHiii.m;,  iri'.i,'ji7. 

tIrltlll.lUI. 

II iM,iiit,m,'j.T.<,'j.'ii,ni'.i,3'.n!,:i.:;i,;i!ir.. 

Iniill.'VM. 

liMliiiii.:l77. 

K.Kw:wl,:p.i|. :!'.«, 'WT,  li«'. 

I.iiiiinii.r)4<<.).n7l. 

MriiihK  imi. 'J"! , 'JH.1,  JVi,  js;. 

Mdliliiry.  Ill,  IIJ.  IM,  ir,H. 
gi'loTHl  frntiir«"4,  1 12. 
Hilxl  Kn|>.  1 1-. 
InirlKir  of.  Ill 

KfOKriij'tiii  III  )>ii>4tliiin  of  ruxtdin-tiMiiMtv  111. 
Ililf«,  I II. 
Iiiw'li.  Mt, 
Hhnri'M  or.  111. 
Iiinilinut.  Ill.iri.  IMi.117. 
nhiitvi"-.  HI. 

IPNlnlt'tlHltH  {*>T  VOHHflrt,   114, 

Mi.rrii  III., 
Mii.l,.-v77. 

Miikkiiw.M"..'.ll,riir,..VJI. 

.Miiliny..'i'.il.  V.»r>. 

NillllilN.  I  1.1   llii. 

Ni'.-iih.  iRll.  MJ,  .Mil.  .117.  M'.l.  Ml.  ,'r.'l. 

Ni'«liiKBiili.  IJ". 

NfW  IhiiiKi-liiH"  ri».i..Vll. 

Np«|iorl.  11.  III. 

lIcArrilii'tl. '11,^1^. 
N.irlli.:l'.'M. 
uiik.Mil.Wil,  Vj,%. 
ilni.lVj:!. 

iisiriih.i'iiifi. 
liysliT,  i:u. 

i'iiiiinii..v.i.r,',i.i. 

l-i.llim.'jvl. 
I'lirry.M.'i. 
I'.ilil.r.Mri. 
I'fli.'iiii,i7,:i7ii.  :n7. 
I'liii-,  i.f.'JIT. 
HmM'iiliylli.  .  I'.'.!..'-!!!. 
litntci'iif.'Vil. 
Kii  liilr.lHcin''..  Wl, 
U..yi«l.Mr.  '.IT. 
.Mnlniiiii  i''».. 
San  Di.-Kii,  rj,  lil.lW. 
I.tir  itl  rlilrilMro,  l>l. 
liitiMlrlmrl.:7. 
.Sim  Kmii.H.i>...r.  Iiil.l'i-.  rn. 

Cloiili'ii  Hull'  mill  ilH  <lii.re>i.  170. 
Ihfli.ii.N.if.  it:, 
llif  .liiin  .<  mill  MiliiiK  III.  17'J 
iIhuk'T^  iimiilt'  tin*  l'nr  of.  l<'i. 
iliuiKi-rM  ill  tlu'ii|i|.roui!    ?.  In  lln- liiirnf. -'ii.'l. 
lmoy<iill'llii'fiilriiiin'ti...'ii"'. 
Kviirml.M\iliiii;iliri'itii.ii-.fiirii|'l'fiiiii  lii'iKi'i"! ''' 
liiii'ltoriiiK  "11  till'  linr,-JI. 
It'il\  III;;  llii'  liarl'ur  cf.  --I. 

fiirn'iil-.  Ill  111.-  l.iil.liMi  liilti'  mill  il|.|.rnii.lii's.i. 
ili--i  ripliiiii  i.r  li|!lil-l».ii»<"  mill  "lliir  niili  I"  mi 
till'  iiilunil  wiiliTM  of.  "illi  KtniTiil  xailiiiu  .lir 
niil.iiK  .linili.iiiii  lor  llii- ii..rlliirn  imrl  of.  .'II 
iiniirmilini-  stiilmii.  -17. 

ri'iinliili""-.*.  -*7. 
ill».i.\.  ry  of  JIT. 
San  .loiKtnlii.  II. 
,Suii  l.iiis  ol.i^ii.o.  of.  1"G,  It'T. 
liuiiliiiark,  1117. 

M..iilfilil  lluillow,  Iii7. 
Sixlilli'  IVak.  liiT. 

vi.^ihle  from  I.  ili«lali>  I'  of  |.i  liiiU'^i,  l"T. 
Kt'onntl.liit-  |io?.itl».ii,  Ii'T. 
Hhiipi',  Ii"^. 

clmrm-K'r  of  iiliorf,  UK 
Irfiiil  of  ..liori-.  liw. 
liyilroKlapliy.  In.*.  Ml. 
ililllKiTs,  lil«.  llRi.  11". 
Miilliiiic<liri'i'tioiiii,  110. 
niieliurHKe,  110. 


ilirii.K.,;!-' 


iuntioii 
.Hoik, 


liny,  .Sill  I.iiUiil.l.|io,lii,|l|iii,iv,  III, 

wlli.llliii-  liiioy,  lil'i.  111. 

Ii'i<'.>,  MJ. 

I.ri'liiiiliiarv  rliail.  III. 

imiiii  il  III.'  I'ai.i'iia.lii  liouui.  Iiy  Vi/.iailio,  113, 
San  I'alil.i.  ITI.  IVi,  JJT.ilT.  Jl-.'ja'.i.ilil,:.!;., 
Sail  I'l-.ir...  'J'.i.  ;i.'i.  :ir..  :I7.77,  ^1. 

rifuri'iiii'  lollii'.liM'ovirv  of,  1 1. 

Han  s on,  ir.i.  l-.ii.  IL'I. 

Stiiiliiratiiliiia,  'J'l,  .«1. 

santii  Mohi.n.  'j'.i.  1 1,  n,  |r,,  i'.i..'in,.^|,«:i. 

s.iil.i-,  k  ,r..li.ii:il.iV|il. 

.siiiiialiiiii.  riT.'i, 

sliiMioIr,  mi-.. 

sliiialwal.T.  'J:!.!.  11:1.  I VI.  |,V.l.  HW,  17:'.  |v.l,  I'.iJ,  •,!«,.',.,<. 

Sicilian,  Illi".. 

skauil   i;n.'. 

sirau  hfiry.  ^im. 

sni. ■..JT,  -.'I... 

nil, nil. aik,  fill,  Mil.  l;r,,  I.'I7,  II:.  Ull. 

■|'iiii..i,i.:i. 
■I'.iilo-  Smi|..».  II 
|>oinl»  in,  U. 
T..nml.«,  HI,  mi,  I'.iJ,  :ii.,i,i'iii,iM. 
■rriiii.lml,:i'JI,:UJ.:«l. 
Tiilali|i.i'.iai. 

r^t'Ir...*.  V.Ki,5..l,s, 
VllllH!l-..V||-i, 

\Vilnli|.«liT.  I"l.  Iilj,  litl. 
WoII...IiiI.i.:J. 

Y..IIIIK-,  ml. 
Hi.aion  H. •if,  Simla  l!..-ii  Mmiil,  yi,flil,91. 
.l.'...Tiii.'il.;«i. 

Ilea.  Ii.l'latw.)..  I"'!,  I'.l.  171. 

Mmki'y'..J'.i7, 

'r.n  Mill'  liiviT. :'.«!. 
Hiali'.  I 'aiH',  ?»;!.<. 
lli'iU'i  I'oinl.i'.r.. 
lli'ar('riM.k.;«i. 
lirnr  llarl.or  l.mi.liiiK.  :i"', 

l.rariiiK  mill  .hi^li.nci'  Irolil  I'.'inI  l>.'li;ata,  :tlH), 
(  api'  Vi/.iuliio,;UK). 

wlimf.  mil. 

miiiki'ii  roik,  :li«i. 

liydronrapiiy  oil.  ;iiiii. 
Uonriiini-.  liim  i-.\iin-.*il, '.'. 
llrnr  I.ivir. :llil, 
Iti-av.r  Trvek,  11'.'. 

ili..lali.r  iVoiii  Yai|Miaa  ItiviT.  IIJ. 

m-ouiiipliuul  pMHilion,  IIJ 
ll.av.T  I'. mil.  ■J^'V  ■-■''T. 

l..arlnKali.l.li~laia'.'  fr..lii  rollit  Calirillu,  J^O. 

II 'I  U..  il.....*  iin.l.'r.  'J..i">. 
11,  ,h.r  r.ay,  v.i,  'hi, '..1. '.ij,  ■■',i. 

lull-    ■■-'. 

II,, It,, 1.1  l-l.l.-.  \ali. V.  r  Wan. I.  all. 

ill-.-.  li.T  Hay.  Van.  ..iiv.r  l>laii.l.  Ml. 

..iltiatioii.  Til :. 

,!,■.,  ril... I    '.II. 

inhanii',  'ill. 

alii'liorai;!'  not  fc'i  ".I.  ''I'- 
lliaaliy.  III...1.17II.  171.  ITl,  IT".   IT'.'.  Isn,  Iv.'.l^l.  !>s.  |..<l.'Jii.,i,  ■:■.'!.  •:4S. 
ll,T.ll.-y  llnlil.  Vain'oln.  r  l-laiiil.  Ml 

I..  BniiKaii.l  .li-.imi..'  froi"  l-i'''-  I'lmi.l  lislitln."-i'.'>':l- 

ili-iriln.l.'-li. 

.I.'plli  ..f  WMl.i-..ir,'.i:l 

i;i..i|;laplii<al  p. ."ill    11  '.IS. 
Ilif  II.mI.  Saiila  l!o*i  Maii.l.*''- 
IliM-  ll.i.k.  Santa  l!o«ii  hiaii.l.  vi,'.!!.'.!..!. 
Ilr.iloliii'rri'i'k. ■.'.»!, 
/;,(/./.  ,'..'..1.  sllip.  T... 
ll,.^-«  l!o.  k.  Sail  M.'i.la..  W.unl. '.'.', 7'i. 

il.-.ril.iil.Tl', 

poK'iapli-.al  pii-ilion.7il 

iii.i.lii  r.  iiri.« II. .■ii...i.'.'i-..-JT,i.j,-.i,  {:<;.  I'.'.i,  I'-.!',  nil.  Wi, W'.'. 

Il,.|,ln'r.  sir  l^ilwar.l.  iiU'.l.  '•'".'i'' 
Hell  I'isliiii'.;  Hank.  Kl 
lii'H'K  .Muillililin.'J'.l't. 

lu'lBlit. ■:'.«. 
|li.ir«l'oiiil..".i'J. 

ln'iiriiii;  ami  iliMaii.i-  I'loni  Hriilnl  s  1  imit. ■.'.!■.. 
I'uiiit  l'illirlllo,:',i'.'. 


m 


•I 


$1    . 


m 


!   !   i 


Vyi\A 


INOKX. 


I>J 


i 


I 


'lillS 


II('1rHlN<ltit.onil>  iiiK  •litii|{i-r«/.JS, 
liflli<  U.iil.,l(.i».iii..Mti»ii  v.;  v\|. 

ilioliti.ii'  rioiii  lliril  l(<>ik«,v.'^ 

ciiiriMiH  HriiiiiKl,  ^*>-l. 

tl<  |<lli  of  ivittri  Hrninitl.  W'l, 

tniiilx'il  \'y  wliNtlliiii  iMiiiy.ViS, 
Ifc'lliiiglmiii  llMy.v.'.i,.%Tii,v.>'.i. 

.1, «  ril«-.l  VII. 

If!  KuriM'lili'l  |>oiillluii.%TO. 

iiitt  1it<rtiKi'.  .%7i'. 

IIkIii.Vii 

liiwii*  till   "iTI. 

.Ilniiti'tr.l.  X2. 

miiikiM)  rtK  k«  tn,  n7J. 

ntlori'-lnir.  ^T■.^ 

IWIIiiii;li:iiii  (  liniiiK'l.  llM«nrl<>Hirnll.  N'l. 
Il«lliiii{luiiii,  I'. .It   VII, ^TI. 

lU'lti)  til.  |>I1>>1  ri'KlllHtllillM.  thtV*. 

lU'iiiirll  1'. nil  'It  '.'i.'.'T 

Kriiliiiik  UIhiiiI.  Viiiiiniiiir  IkIkiiiI  Ml  Isr.Md. 

ll4'nMi  •  I.hiiiil.  ViitnrU  llntl... I.Mr  M.I. 

Iikilil*1ti>ti»4'  on,  it'J. 
H»-rliilvy  l!.-«f.:". 

In'ili'dli   '.'■•". 

Ih  uriui!  itlxl  ili»tnilir  to  llriH.k'n  l«liinil.2.T. 

r,>iiil  UtilM  I  \t  hiirf  'i-T 
Aliiilrii/  l>l.iii<l  li^lil  liiMiw'.2.1T. 
IWrkrly.  .ilf.l.vai. 
Itrrry  I'rvvk  KT. 
Ikrut  n  i;tKk.:i«2. 

iiRiiii'  ftir  Tnlile  Uuck.3!<3. 
IIIk  n.il    ««   !>•.. 

U'iittii>:  Kit'l  <U»tnii(4'  frniii  I'otnt  l>rli;Ailil, .1i>^. 

I  rtrk  riiUr*  ul.  ^1'*. 

i.li)  ..i«  1.1  1.  In  «  vi«.lil.   nr.. 

^(■iitcriiiitiii  It)  jHmili.'li.  .*if». 

IllNKIK'lK'  ^H^illllon  .al^ 

(xiH»t  Inif  It.  I'lilitit  lii.rUn.  ^kA. 

hyilrnKmi'liy  off,  >rt. 

k<l|..  il'i. 

Illlt  lUi  U.Kk.  ■.•■':.  ■»il. 
H1k<iiiI'Ii.I''^1.-""'.'>I. 

■it.-. -SI. 

crrtk  iiilrriiit;, '.!■'<. 

•iilikrii  r...  k  ..iil-lil..,2>il. 

u.  ttit'  u).).roiicli.  ^"^t. 

JtlifUtHK*'   ««>,-■"■. 

dr|iOi  o1  witlrr,  2^1. 

nil!  l.;iKOoii    :i|.i. 

i.|lu.ili..ii.  .illl. 

hi/I-.  M". 

Iltiliul'  niiiiu-  f.ir,  ^»|il. 
IliK  llinr   Jvi 
IliK  KivT  I.r.Ii^ltnK.  J*!. 

uik  Willi.-  Km  k.  ■-"Xi.  v.':.  SW.  ~>.i. 

bv*r  injl  i*H*l  tlinlHiic*  from  l***iil  VaIU y.  T/7. 
I'uliit  (  ulinllii,  A>7. 

liy.lt..Krill.li.N   i.ir.  ■."/?. 

m^iii. "  BIN- 1  irfoni,  X";,  Jan. 

Klv.-.Mllr.'.i'J. 

TyUr.  V7. 
IlihU-r  I'onit  Ij.li.linK.  2»V1. 

!«■  iniiK  "I"!  ilUluiicv  from  lliir»c>ili"e  I'l.liit,  'JiJ. 

il.-Mrii..-.l,aii. 

lir«'i»k»'rm,  2f*i 

nw.ll.'i.l. 

lii'M.rliiK  l.ui.yn,  ;^'*t. 

ilaiikiroii"  ill  Willi!  r.  .'1.1. 

Kf'.KlHl.lii..ll)  |io..illuii,  L'rVl. 

.Ii'llll  ..r  water    .'>'>.l. 

iHitliilu.  2IVI. 
Illrcli  lliiy   (iiilf  of  i.i-.irKm,  'ifiS.STI,  r,;n,  r,77,  57S. 

tlr«<Til«-il.  .'>7^. 

ilintttiKi'  from  I'oiiil  Wliilclioni,  Vi. 

ftlX-llolll^M'.  !^~\ 

lilR.  ..\ fry  of.  ST5. 

tiiilni  H  fwr.  :t'.\ 
nirci  l!o<  k   Ntlitiiiis<'.ivi-.  7«.  7'J.  1*1. 
UlrJ  lUwk.l-uiiit  Ml  ('tiuriic.;i5l.3&.l,:iH2. 


Illril  llok.  known  itaWlilli'  lliMk.  ni. 
il|<|.ruriiliii'  (roiii  i*i-it,:Lil 
liiiirii.K  Hii.l  ilHIiiiii'i' from  Ml  llrnrKi"  Itirf  Until  h.niliiv  IM 

■  mull  1  .N  k«  ni'iir.  LM. 
<lr|.lli  of  w  liter  nroiiiiil..t.M. 
..iiiiki'ii  r...  k  \vr.»i  of,  :m, 

.llll-.  lloliH  lo  \|.H.«e|«  (ll  I.UW»ltlK..TM. 

Mini  Ko>  k.  Itiiui.iii  lluer   .'.'•'• 

IllrtI  ItiK  k.s.in  I  iii.iilii.|.<i  lliiy   loT.llo 

U'liriiiK  iiikI  iliiliiii.  I' fi'oiii  ^^  li.iliM  Uliin.l  llii 
OH  I  ojiat  xiirvry  (li>irl<  knonii  k«  .-i  ill  lio.  k    lln 

■  iiiiki'ii  nil  k  iit'iir  I  III 

III  U<  Klllirilril  iltculll.*!  Ill  ll|i|iroiii  lilllK  riHitio  I. tin. I. n^ 

/.'m^../i,  i'li|>|H-r  iilii|i.  7". 

Ilmlioli  Uo.k.l'orli'«  Hunk.  Il.i',li.<.>l,<.in. 

Ui-oi;ril|.llirill  |>o>*ttt tV.I. 

I.rrilk^  lirii%  ll>  .  7ll 
Hitlinirn.  on  .Nin  Ml^in-I  IhIiiiii1,.>|. 
Illltrk  [.ilitiiil.  |i<'|.urliiri'  lkiy,&<7. 
lllKt'k  Moiintiiln.  li'.J.  I'.<. 

i;riiurii|itiii-iil  t'o^tlion,  liW. 
lllHik  I'oiiil.  171.17:.  177,  Hi,  lnl.ls:,  lv..JI:l,Jir..::i.. 

<li'».  rlLril.  1>I. 

iliiu -mil    1^1 

wli.irf   1^1 

iipiM-iirunrr  III  ni|;)it.  1^1 

ill  pill  of  niiliT  oil.   I>l. 

IwuriUtf  mill  iliHliiiiii' I.I  I'lirl  I'olnl  lidlil-liiiii"<..  1-1 
Viiilii  Koi  k.  I>l. 
l'ri.-l.lio  •>lio«l  l.uiiy.  IKI. 
Aloiirn/  Miiiiil  IikIiI.  I"I. 
Norlli  I'.ilul.  l-l. 
Illnik  ltiil|{i',  1711 
lllni  k  liiM'r.  (Iriiy'n  lliirliii.  I-.I. 
Illii.klo.k  (  liil».  :vi, 
llliii  k!i»k  I  an.lliiK,  '.^~. 
nniiki'ii  iliiiiKiTN.  :i'^i. 
winirf,  .Wi. 
iiiiHiniiu  liuiiy,  ^L'M. 
Illnckloik  I'oiiil,  :<N7. 
ili.«.  rilK-.l,  l«7, 

l«.iriiiK  Hii.l  iliitiini.*'  from  <'ii|ii'  Orforil  IikIiI,  •I*'7 
alioii.'  lioi-  Inni  Mlkoo  liner,  Ih7, 
liiii.liiiu,  ;|.^i. 

I'oii-l  xiriiy  inline  for,   N-. 
Illllk««.  W.   I'.,  eiteil.  INJ. 

Illlike  Inliiiiil,  rili..i'.r.'.iil:l.<.l->. 

-i/e.  lil- 

lieiirini!  mill  ili-ltiii.  e  fnnii  lii  -li.rilion  r..inl,  i.l;;. 

illn  liorilKe.  l.i: 
lll.lkely  lulilnil.  MIriill  of  rmn.  M.J. 'ir.l,  VVV 

ileM-rlln*!!.  .'►'.'. 

■  U'|.l  li  of  wiili'i  iironnil,  Wi. 

I  urri'iitii.  .''ii»'». 

tinehoruKe.  ^•»^ 

ri.ek.*  oil.  'i«>'i 

troll  ffiiiiiillo  on  riM'k  olV.  VV^. 
lUiikely.  r.irl.  .v.i\i<«.  r.lii. 
Illilkely  lii»k.  K.iKle  llarllur,  i^M 

ili|illi  of  water  011,11".' 

Iltnlli-u  I  Hi.!',  I'.UTH. 
[IIkiii-u  Heef,  ;-1..'W». 
Ulttiik  Hoek,  ;>.ll,  HI. 

!»•    :!iH    mill  ili"lalii  e  Iniin  Trlnlilail  lleuil    til. 

IikIiI  lioll-e     111 

ii.:-  .  .t.l 

ileplli  of  water  aronnil.   t-t-. 

Miiall  10.  k ir.  1.1-' 

IK,  \eiM-l  -lioiilil  BO  iniiiili'  of.    .1.'. 

llloK-om    Itoek.l"-'.  l'.7,  l-».  l".i.:"Jl. -•■-"<.  ::n 
ilu-t  rilN'il.  l^-. 
eurreiilH.  I-*.* 

to  Iw  aviilileil  I'y  lariie  ve.»el».  Kl 
linoy.  I'^■' 
lH-uriii|t  iinil.lt-tanee  to  Vimel  NUinl.  1»" 

M.iiira'  l"laiiil  liu'i'   '"" 

hill,  k  I' 1  IliiK  -'""■  ''■" 

Tel.i;ra|.li  Hill,  1—. 
Vellill  lluellll  liKlil.  !■'■' 
nullle'll'V  II<e.li\.  I^H. 
;»,i«».im.  "Iil|i.  I-". 
llluo  Munnmui,  I'X'.  -I'J.J-II. 


INDKX, 


(iG5 


llliiir.  llntikviirlilKi-,  Ml. 

iiiMiiiU'.  wii,w.,.vm,  vp;, 

K<i»il.  II'J 

l'°i.iiiu>'»ilM'r.  .v.ni,  v.ii,v.i"i,  v,iT,i'iJ"<,ii."i,n-ii,ivtj. 

Ulliiili'ia.  ;iiii. 

I.nlil     ll'.l.lll. 

Iliuli  ;ill. 
Il""w.'ll,  "iKT. 

MllUIHillll.  Iil'7.  I'M, 

I. mil'  I'.iiiii   171. 
Ilvl     l.'l,.iJ.l,.IJI. 

HmM  mil.  ii'.i.iM,  inj,r<. 

Mi-iil,  li«. 

HliHriiK,  l^t. 

•jiiiilf,  :il..e.'.:iJ7,.fJ'<. 

Y<'ll<i»',  Wi,  \r,i,m. 

Yiilkiit.  iv«l. 
Uluiri'omt.  l'>l.l'.i",'Jli'i. 
i:iiiiil  .  ili'il,:)|-J 

Kl ri.ini,  Kl,  Jl'.l. 

lilMiif-  Hfi-f. ;ii".  ill, :il''. .llil, il"..  I.IH, :livs, 

lli>iil>  liiirlHir  III!'. lill 

lliiut  liilMliiitf  iM'iir  i'urtlvvi'll  ritiiii.  '.C. 

no  iiii>-K(ir>iuf.'.i7. 
HimIi'kii  >  <J"i>ilr"    l'nin(i«iii  .li.  Ill  I  iii'.l   J11  ■.'•il   'At,  Till,  ail.:!.' 

■Vni.  ISi'i,  |:ifi  III.  ffj.  1111.  I'M   \'i- 
lloili-Kii  liny,  l'«i,l'.>'.',UiiT,.'l'<,:'il,.'i.'   Ill, 

NltUllli4)l).'J.^J. 

wiillli.'J.VJ 
Mliiiri'M.  JVJ. 
riM'k.4  .lit  ftli«>rt',?,^_'. 
.Ii'lilh  .if  H  illiT.  J'iJ 
tltrlKiniKC  J.'iJ. 
.hlliKiMH.'J,'!.' 

\i  ,irliinK^  when  i-olninu  fnilii  Ihr  ■^..iitli.  S>:i. 
\i'lii-r<-  ti>  itiR'llor  ill  u'liiti'i ,  J.'il 
!,.««  J.-.,l, 

<  oimt  survry  Htation.  _VM 
^I'o^rupliM'iil  ii.iHitiiiii.  J-Vl 
li.iil,i'>:i.-.'.M. 
ilfptll  of  n-atcr  iil,'JVl. 
ilmrl  ..f,  iVl 
(111.-,  ril, 
"■mil  K.iii.  J.'il. 
wlii'ii  illHfuviTt.»l,jr»| 

iLnirKii  iiemi,  17".  I'.iT. ■.im.  *'.'. '-"J  1,  j'l'i,  ■<-,[,  J-. I,  j.Vi,  i^^,  ■::■:.  .'t;i. 

.^itltillinll,  .VM 

iii'.«iTilte»l.  -,'»! 

riK-ky  ii^lil  HKUlliniHt.  I'll. 

liijiBt  ,siir\t'y  •«l)illiill,2,M, 

K«*i>Kr>l|<ll)<'i(l  iMisilidii,'.*'!!. 
liiuuiliMii-  \'itnitli<ii),  Z'*i 
iHurliiB  uuJ  Jlatiiiiic  I..  I'.iilit  \rpii;l  liulil  lioiisi-.  i'i2 
I'lirl  U..«»  l'.iilil.J.V.', 

T nil'"  I'uiiil,  J'l.'. 

I'oiiil  l!i  yes  liKlil.lii>ii-i',ri.' 
H    I',.  I'ariillim  li^ltl  luni'f. J,'>-. 
niiino^  for.  i'lj 

(  Du.Ht-lijit-'  til  tlio  tiiirthwiuil. '.I'>l. 
Uiiii|.nK|.,  iiiiili.nii.  .'il 

lli.iliKU  liiil.L-Jl. 

liiiiliKii  l!.»k.-'.'il, ■-'.'>:;. ^vi. 
Ili'ilt'lti'li  Nlrt.H.  I'liitliTy  K.icks. .Iim 

.li-.iriU-il.-.ii'.i 

>H'iiilnn  luiil  ilisluiiii'  friiiii  <  'u|n'    Milvil.M'.l 

iU'|illl  i>r  wutir  iii-«iilr. ')')'.>. 

KOi'K''i*<*lil*'<>l  IKtHllimi.  ^>ii'.' 
Miilli'Hll  Hill,  llniy's  llallior.  |H.'I. 

ii.iisii  I'liiiii,  iM,  I.V..  nvi 

111. ii..t»cii.iiiiii'l.i'«.:.'n'',-iifi,  •-'11,  jl.'.JIi, 'Jl'.l. 

ciirriMilJi, '.i'.T. 
Utiiietiil'onj  171, 

.1.  pill  ..f  waltT.  ITH, 

iin.-liiiniK.',  I""* 

pil».t  IliiiU,  K"*. 
Ktii^lliiK  H.  hi.iiinT..,  IT-*. 

kiuiwii  nn  I'llnt  I'.ivt'.  11^. 
lu.n.iH  I'.iiiii.  iTii.  171,  I7J,  17:1, 17.1,  K">,  l'.«l,  I'.ll.l'.IJ.-'OiV-ir.Jll.: 

21 1.  Jir..  'JH.  Jl'.l  ■JJii,  -"J7,  ilJ.  J 11,  .11  \  'W. 
llolllllil  I'oiht.  Nani.iuv.'r  Nliiii.l,  !'."  ■.I'i.,''l\ '' i'J 

iM.artin!  mill  ili^l.in.i-  fnini  Tulousli  lali>li<l  lii!lill»>u«'. '•''•'. 

ri.i'k  mill  r.-.'f  ..tr   'il' 

Kt'oKrapliK'Hl  iMiHitlon.MV. 


ll.iMllli  l'"i"l,Viiii.,.iiMrlsl„ii.|  ,„„„„,  f„r,M9, 
«li..ri-  liiii.  I..  Ill,,  w.ntwiir.l, -1,1.1. 
.I.|.tli  i.r  wiiUriiil.r. I'j. 

.ilrr.-iil^,'.:l'i 
liinill.ill  '.111 

llklll    ll.ll|*.»l|l'Hl.|..|  linl    -.111. 

nuiiiii.i  r.'.  k.Cni.uli,  III  ml   |.,w 
llowili  M.iM.I   ll.irriiril  lnh  |,„.l. 
lllUM'l.  .  1.1111. Illli;,'.ir.|. 

1.1'iirliin  mill  iIhi.iii,  i.  fn.iii  W  .i|;,||„  Kivi-r  .'r.l. 

r I  \i.  Mil  Ji-.l. 

mil  h..riit;rHiii'tll.;'i>l. 

r(ii'k>.  .'I'll 

iii.Hitii.iiHi,r.  'ji'.i. 

rr.  f  'Jl.l. 

iliiil.' '.'r.l. 

Iiui'liiii;  wtiiirx'cM.'jr.l. 

ki'l|..:i.\ 

ili'l.th  i.f  uiiiiT  yc. 

K.'..«rn|.hlnll  |iii«ih..n,'jrh*i. 

Iioiiiiiliiiy  itii>  ■iT,'..'.7;,r.:'* 
Kiiiijiii.iii  •.:7. 

ill>l,ili.i'  rr.iiii  Kimiiiiii..  l'iijiil,'.77. 

.|<'|.lli.r.T7. 

ri'i'f  Ml. '.77. 

HIH-hnt  iKI'.'.'". 

liMinr-  f.ir  ri77. 
ItiiuMrr  Itit't,  Siucliilr  Nlmnt,  r.i  r.. 

l.t'iiriiiu  .mil  iliiltiiit'i'Hrrntii  111-iulil.iirMii:  pi.iul..,.'i<'>ri, 

i...irUi'il  liy  11  liiiiiy, -li'/i, 
llrmi'  l'iiiiil,i''i7,i'.l'J,  1.1:1. 

I.t'iirin^  mill  iliNtiim  •'  fri.iii  IliilUTy  I'l.inl.i'.l:', 

ili'lilll  ..f  wnliT  i.lV.  I'.l-' 
Hni.  ki-iitiiltfi'  llllllV,  l.r.iy's  ll.irl.i.r.  Ki 

.1.-1  ril.iil.  Kl. 
Ilnmu,  l'..rl,  J-s. 
Ilr.iil,  liri-ul    lll,.:.'i|. 
MmiHili'lil.  I'll. 
(iiiliT,oi:i. 

UoiIkit'h,  ,lim,  1117,  :ilii. 
llri.t.ilii-.-liiuiy.ri.*.  nv  vv;lh,  i'.-.ii. 
(.'..i.iiii.»lii|i.r''.i, 
llrliln.|.iirt   LimilliiB.JTl 

lii..iniii;  milt  ili^liin.i'  Irnm  I'miil  \rt'im  linlit  'J71. 

fill  iliii  1WI.11.-J7I. 

ri.i'k~..iiNiiU-.'.'7l. 

ili'liih  iif  \vttlfr,'J7l. 

ilmi.-..'71. 

l.ilil  i.liui*  1-.  li.'  ilt.'-7l. 

Urisi-.i  r..iiii,  ruti'i.'^iiiiiiii.i'.'.'i'.. 

ili.|.lli  ..I'  wiil.r..ir.i'.J.'.. 

kilii.'.Ji'.. 
Ilriii.*h  I  olimiliia.7.rwt'*,ri'»l. 
/.'.iijud  riu.ii.iii.!>lii|i.  Ii'"'. 
nrii.'k.iw:iy  I'liiiit.Smilii  I!..ni  Mmnl.'l'.i.iio.'.i!. 

il.'wr'l'i'il."", 
Ilriiiiil.y  "liilili  ■J'M'.. 

no  iin.l.  I  limi.'Ji*!'.. 

pliiity  ..I' riuk»,'>il. 
llriM.k's  l^hm.l,  l'''.','J17. 
Ilri.liliy  l.i.ilui'.  Vii'liiriii  llurl.i.r.-.r  '.('.1. 

lilii.y.r.l'.i 
/.'iii'/iir./i.ii'i'/i'iii.-K'.mi  -1"!'  "ii''l''''l  :'.'''■ 
Muillur's  Ki.ik'Ji'- 

l.iiuy  iii'iir.'J,!*., 

i.f,ii'iiii;  mill  .lisiimii' 111  ^111'  I'.ilil'i  I'liiiit. •-"'<. 

linlltlliiUM'.'il". 

l;i.,l  l!.ii'k.'.':l-<. 
wliiirdil  -m.  liii'i 
ltiiillii'r'<.  I'll!'.  1'  l:<iik<.  lil,  I  '.'i.  1 '''' 
llr..iiKl,l..li,  1  Uc'il.  I,-.-',  r.'..  IW.  ir.l.  Iii2.  I'-.!   li'l.  I'''-'   I'l' 
lln.wii.  I'.iml.  1-1.  IS-'.  '^'.  I*"'.  '■*■  i'".i''l'' 
llri.wii  liiii'k    IVJ   !,i3.:W. 
.•i/t',  :'^'»-- 

ili.,tiniri'triiiii  I'liint  SI.  <iriirn.'.:r.'J. 
Iii'iiriii),'  mill  ili^lmit'c  f"""  '  "■'•''  li'"'*   ■''''-• 
UiMUnil'lii.'iil  |.iwili"ii.'l''-'. 
Ilnii'i'|...rl.  SluiiilwiiU'r  Hiiy.  I7». 
llriilu'l'-^  I'l'iiit.  ■-"•'-. -'■'-■  ,  .    , 

lu'iirinuiinil  ilisliiiin'  ffi'i  I'l'iiMil''  l!i>''''.  '-'■-. 
r M'al.iill.i.  J.C. 

(U'.Hrril.i'il.  *-■'-. 

rci'f,  honluii'l  i.y.-'.iJ. 


nii.'.':is. 


'V 


I 


;'t,  ! 


666 


INDEX. 


lii 


&  f 


41 


^f  u .  i^ 


i»? 


w 


't.   t! 


Itnihi  I'm  I'oJDl.  r«imki-n  ri>t  k<i,  '2^.1 

Ih'iu  h  111  llu*  imrih  of,  :^l■.^ 
ticplli  of  \viU»r  nrl,  2\C 
foul  itulttiiii.  'JVJ. 
Hru"»h4riMk.  •.»::i.  i::i,n. 

Uiulutii  I'..int.  lift  li:i.  11^,  IIT.IJ(>.1,1.\ 

Itiit  kf.vo  (uniHi.  It). 

Iiii*k-*|>..it.  !-'J.;rj.s 

Huilii  *  InU'l   ruK'.  t  Stun(l.t'>;.r>.'"»-N. 
»!fplli  of  \v«tor.)VJ(V 
Nliort*  t  I.i'Jft. 
tlt'ptliof  wrttor.r>ift. 
iltiiiK*'r  ill  ^.-*'*• 
in•»l^u^t1t'U•.  Uir  avn'-linK.*'2T. 
iiiHrki-tl  l<>  II  liiuiy  fiJ7- 

ItiU'iiAvt-iiliini  MiN^ioii.  t'l. 

itu:Mt:t\t'iitiir)«  ^l>t■ll,•^^^^7. 

Httotit'iiif,  I'uinl,  r»l, 

IlinMi...  i  al.rrn*.  i  Uril.  1  *.  IT.  T,  M.  V..  2? I,  -U**. 

'iiil!  !*  llrnil  l'.mit,:i.'.J|{. 

Hin'vn  Hii  n»  t  o''CtinKr»'Hii  (n  rt-)iklinii  to  tl.-*  i^oloriiiK.  tniiDlMTin^ 

tlllil  pU«  IIIK  of,  f.'kl. 

lUioy«i,  nlilm'virtli<iii«  umm)    'ii.iVVl. 
|tiio\  ■•   ho\«  <  oti>r«  *l  '• 
liiiov  •-,  li(»w  iiuiiiU-ntl.  '.*. 
ituriu>  I  <  1111011. 1.S. 
IJtirr  .nl  Iiitrl.  V.»..va. 

81'  (lit ion. %*CJ. 

Mte  \<: 

lit  pill  of  wuttr  in  "VM 

Point  Alkiii-on   li|;)>(  hoitf  '  uii..Sh:). 

:ui'tiori*jir.  ^*<i. 

I'lttiiiiiif.  Vt-t. 

I  Ml.-  -.<{ 

pilot   l*iW«.  '»■•> 

Hiirrowx  luv.  l.'oHurtoStmi'.  VJI.  Vfi.VVl 

«I»*'**Tll^l|.  Vkt 

tlt-ptli  of  uHi«>r.  Vht. 

niu  homtee.  ^(kt. 

liKlit,v..t. 
]ttirro\iN  Nlaiul.  UoHArio  Stmit,  Vk> 
Itii-h  roini.  Sir. .It  of   Vn.ft  VT: 
Itii!*li  I'oiDi    .\<lriiirHll>  Iiiiti.  v>i  .%>■:•. 

«lii-p  HilliT  o)1,  .'i.'4 

lt(itaiiorri-<k,I%*> 

HuiUt'h  r..vi-.  I'lini-l  .Siutiil.lL'7. 

Hntti'.  rymniitl.iiVi. 

Ilnli.^.  L.tkf    17(1. 

C. 

r«iH.  lie  I'ino*.  r.9.  n. 

(Irm.ribt«l.  J-'i'.i 
Cibbrillo.  Jiitin  KiKlriKUrt.ciU'd.  H.2«i..V>,  V..  V,  fiS  Vj.  f..',  fVt.f.l.ft:.  ftT. 
74.*^t.  ^■».*.*l,  li*t.  I-'"*.  I  il.  l.Vi.  Itil.r.tT.iHr.'  .»IT,.SSy  ST'l  J-Vi.itly. 
('.tliriU-t  I'oii.t.  27"2,  li^l.^'CS  2'^"»  .>7  J-^V.  ^IH.  J'.'J. -"J-I,  ."A  1'''7, -".»*,  ■l!'*. 
4'HilUirnii({li  i'uinl    \'iiiit-oiivt-r  l>4lui)i|. -VSo 
I'nhlo  MointMin    i'Yt 

iH'itruiK  i4n<l  ili*l«n*i'  front  <    hm-  \;icaiiiO.  ?*•'>. 
Ki'ouriphi.  ftl  poHilion,  'J.^i. 
iHiw'lit.  _"y.. 
(Vht'AnuH  I'll"-.  4'.V 
Take  It.Mk,  .Vk|,  rwr..  r^C,  .M7. 

fienriMK  hikI  liiMam  f  from  i^'iilllhitle  Kivrr,  '**i. 
dfmril"  .1,  .V*|. 
(Ifptli  of  unlcr  itcitr.  ritlA. 
known  (i-tTalili-  lCo<  k.  !^f». 
(  iila|Mhiyii  ^follnlJllnK.  |(in 
f.ihfornni. '.'   I".'   I''  ■*",  II  .S',  .»J,  fil.  *.^. 

un  H<  t  for  till-  prott  rlioii  of  l>iioy*t  :tn<l  U'.ironH  in,  r/tl. 

(ir«l  ii-M*  of  naiur,  !.'». 

(iulfof.  r. 

ri-r  ri'u.-f  (o  laWM  tn  rr^.trl  to  uuIh  1o  n;iviKtttion,  lit 

rrtcul.ilion  of  iininiKriiMon  lami,  iV'ti. 

1  li'trt  aiifiiU  in,  .1. 

i-uHiil  of.  (li'pM-rlpliun.  lA, 

«»Klll,  of.   II. 

(  alifortiUS4>u(litrn  KHilroii<l,:|ii. 

(''W.'.»ri f<t(Hin-htp.  HI. 

I  )inmt:o  llciul,  "'•. 

(  Hinano  KI.ukI   V.i-  .Vri.'Ml,  <  4)1. 

iamtiriJoft  twrk,  101. 


Cttnihy.  I'ort.  I-V.t. 

Cmnilln,  Nark,  I'.fJ, 

<'nniplH'ir*4  l.akt>.  riilal>;o  Ulaml.rMil. 

(iiniptM'll  I'oint.  l^y 

<'tiniltriii  loH'k.  \2\. 

lH'nriii«  tuiil  •Uxtun  o  from  Sua  Sinti'un  w  h.trf.  IJI 
rrtAailikili'  loH  Ainiot*.  i;.!. 
f.  rvudu,  <K 
liel  ItefiiKio  M.iU. 
rtiniuln  llonilii.  t»  ariiiK  hihI  tlhliiU(H>  front  Toint  IS  .ji-rt. . 
j;rnrr:il  ilfHtripijoii.  |n;t. 
trrinl  of  roRHt  ill,  lik't. 
4'miiil<lr  lluro.siniit  of  Fina,  •*,  .'iH.-'Vly,  rv!*J. 
Hiluatlon.  Wi.  • 

fotir*!'  tlironKit,  VW). 
«'iirrrnl-'«,  -'iftfi. 
p<liore  line,  r».W 
rot-k*t  iind  reef.  Wt. 
I'wiml.  Hood  ■*.  IM,'i'*7,^'*\.Vi.\  V.tt'..ri(H,c.ll,iV.»i),r.:* .. 
i'Hnon,  HncUt'vr.  l;tl. 
Hurnrl!.  l::V 
!>.vil  «,  l.Vi. 
Salmon  ( "n-ck,  Iftt. 
<'nn  K<.;k.'.<C. 

Cup*)  \iii\a,.i7s.r>n7,sio,rii(*.,.M7. 
ilfHiriU'iI.VC 

Hp|M'anint-t'  iit  ti  «li<«liint  (v '%<C 
lurrrnl-*  oil",  .'hw 
intnnMl  fur,  ■'  w. 

IwarinK  lunl  (Ii>lt4iur  tu<*upt'  l)iM;ippniiUmi-nl, '>ii^ 
( 'tipf  Jolni<ton.  :iii>. 
I'atooHh  M;iii<l  liulit  hou-.>   xto. 
t  iiwiiill.i  Ufcrrttt-*. 
ri4|M*  AriiKo  l.lfi-Hrtvii'y  Strttion,:UMi 
r.ipr    Vr.  Il    111,  ll.'>. 
<'ii|»t'  lU'tili  ,  lliin  liiy  Sonnil,  TklM. 
hKliI-Iiou**-.  .-.o-.i.  rti'.vtH.-vtv. 
ili'^t  riliol.  .Mh. 
rhAtArliT  of  UKt>t,  &:)H. 
limit  of  vipilii.ily.M'.*. 
Kro^niphiivt]  position.  W>. 
mitKiti'tic  ViiriHtion.  .Vt'.i. 

IxMiriiiK  and  di-taint'  It)  TatooHti  Itland  1i slit-li<iii>i< 
pilot  nt'<'di'<l  in  rounding.  -'>■'' 
<'ii|M'  ItlaiMo,  r>.  ;7h 

ininif  for  i  ap<   iMIord.  it?" 
Cap*' <  linnli.  Vain-onvcr  Islund,  M.(. 
df^rilM-d   Ml. 
i<4l.-(H..ir  .Ml 

4'll|K»  '*fHlk  .     IVl 

('a|>crovi-,  llt't^ta  Hfad.  1""^. 

dt«rilM  .1,  4ti». 

»ni'lioraK<*.  '****- 
*^i|K«  (riM  k    in7 

(■ii|H-  iii-»;ippoiniiiiini  zr.'  is;,  HI  ir  ill,  r>i.  »M  i5:,  pa  i.;:  i- 
i(v>.  171.  IT.',  17 1, 171  IM.  I"'.*,  lyti,  i'.i.(,  I'.r*,.^^.  .Mi's.'ncj,:!!.;,  >'',  ^^ 
.tf*.  riiH-d.  r. : 

i-tNtnt  lint'   nrar    IM. 

•.«iii  inniM  .  .ir'.t,  I'X.,  III). 4j«.4^.;.  u:  itt,  i;i#;  iii.  itj  ih'  i.    i 

dt'M  rtl>«il.  tvi. 
<  Il  ira<  l<r  of  liKht,  IVi. 
MM'  and  lini't  of  \  mtlnlily.  |\V 
Kt'ouraplih  ai  tH>**ition.  IVi. 
niKKiiftii    vaiialion    |V». 

lK'«ri:v*  11  nl  di-.laiiii-  loCapn  » >rfoi^l  likdit-hoiim-  iv 
iHpi*  ( iri-K<'ry  liKlii-lioiifi.'  (> 

\;ii)Mlll.t   :ii-ad*   .lylil   lli'ii-.      I 

Tillamook  fio.  U  hulil  ho.i..    i 
Toinl  AdaniM  HkIi'  li'ni-*f    I  • 
|o|{  lit-ll.iV) 
iiaiiit-H  fi>r,  4VV 

ihorl  linr  lo  <'»|M'  Orf.ird.  I-Vi 
CajH'  i:ii/.iiUlli.  Ill,  H.',  IVI.  I'm   i\*7.iW. 
dc^tantf  from  I'oint  ( innvillf,  |y'.». 
d»«i  ri?HMl.  P.r.' 
ihara.  i.  r  of  tin- toaul,  l'.«;i. 
roi  kN  mat.  !'.>:(. 
Uronraphi.Ml  po-^ilioti,  I'tV 
mtiKin't  '   v.iriation.  I'.'l. 
Itcnrinu  «>"<  diHtamr  lo  <  arrnll  NIct.  i'XI. 

Ih-ttrtntion  iNlHntl.  i'Xi. 
.HvM  l.mii  ICuL-k,  4'/I. 


-n^^HIHiHHHHl 


liulil  Iiuu^c  '-t> 


illlll  linllt-ll' 


.11.  l.Vl,  W7.   I'V..   I        ■. 

,  .'mv  .M".  .Vj,  .ii ;         • 


1'/.  Ill,  II'.',  I.'"'  1'    I 


il  IikIi(-Iioii«    I''> 
iry  li^;lit-lt"ii!»''  1  ■ 
,.,i,|.  ,n;li(  li.".-    ' 

I....  U  ln;li(  I " 

li?«  liKl»IlH»MHf    I  • 


Iniitl,  l'J,1. 

,,«'.'l. 


INDEX. 


Cbiw  Kli««b«tli,  luuriiig  nml  iliHtiiiiiT  In  timy  !<  llmliur.  l:i:i.  ' 

lUMIM'.  I*.",'t. 
N.irlli  ll.ii.l.  111!. 
iHi»t'nvcre(l,4'.»3. 

i'lmriu'ter  of  tho  couhI  to  DcsliiH'Iinn  Nliiml,  I'.ij, 
Ciipo  Kiilc.ll.  W>.  IM,  i'M,  IIJ,  ll'i.  Mil,  ll'.l,  !'•",  I'lN. 
t!i'.H*'rilKMl,  41-. 
ilniiK'THotr.  112. 
hyilronriiiiliy  oir,  IIH. 
ciirrrnt!*.  1 1:(. 

KOo^niplltful  ixmitioii,  41,'^. 
inftKiirtit'  variiiltoii,  4l:t. 
benrliiK  iiml  ili.iUniLi'  to  Ciipi-  Orfonl  HkIU  Imii-c,  111. 

*'lHH'  liri'Koi\   ll^:lil-lnius«'.  111. 
^']|qUillll  lli-llii^  liulll  IlolHO,    III, 

Cup*'  .Mtilrrr*.  1 1 1. 

■rilllllnook   li.ick  lii;lil-ll.:ils.-.  III. 

Ciipf  llisiippoinliiifiil  1ik1iI-1ioiisi',4II. 
nni.ics  for,  414. 

Cllpf.  I'llllK'.'l-". 

Clip.'  Kt-rrflo,  :l.'>ll,  IM,  X".  3iil,  M'l,  M'. 
tli!»(aiift'  from  Chclko  Point, :{iil. 
KtMicral  <U'i«tTiptlon,:i<»l. 
Ix'CiriiiK  iiml  ili.iluni'.-  from  Northwcnt  Sfiil  Koik,:ii;l. 

I'oiiil  ,-it.<ii'orK'e, :ii.l. 
HtHtioii,  :t('i.'). 

KeoKnitihicul  position,. 165. 
I'ottMt  nortli\vf«t\vftr<l  from.^i.'^. 
(•apoFliitUry,  P., 311,.!l^ :i.vi,:iT'<,  1-1,  bS  I"-',  IW,  l',i-,,'."l,s<'7,Mii,.i:;. 
Mrt.,->:;o,,'v.M, 
fhiinn-ler  of  Hhore-Iiiio  from  t'lipt'  1  )is,ippointim-iit,M'*'. 
*U'Mrrii>etl,'»l"'. 
Mhorr.liii«',,''lT, 
.leptl' of  wuUtoIV,  M7. 
nirn'iil-*,  .M7. 
t'Xplor»tioiiH.,'il7, 
naiuftt  for,  ,'il7, 
rcporlcM  l»iiik  of,SlM, 

ilrptli  ofwiiliT  un.  'iix. 
('Bpf  KortUTUiH,  :lll,.ll(;,:U7,:ll'*,.'Ml,-'!23,,'!-',V 

Ix'iiriiiK  ""<!  ili»l""iL'  from  (.'iipo  Mcluloi'lno  liKlil-lionio,  :l'.'ii. 
I'liariu'ti'r  of  •*h»)ri-,  ^tLlt 
ll»"«r  Cri'i'k,  iii'iir,  :U'<. 

i'loMiMl  from  ,Uily  to  Novt-mher.  ,T-i>. 
ik'ptli  of  wHtor  tittr«.ft-l,  3'JO. 
tmly  nnr  rork  oil",  IJil. 
tli-timrf  from  nhort',  ;l.'<'. 
hflKlil.  :f.i>. 

Ki'licrHl  (liBcripllo  1,  .Uii. 
oiitlyiii^  rocks,  :V-0. 
tltmnfrs,  ■!-" 
Monii.liMK«oir,  :i2ii, 
I'liiiriu  Icr  of  111"  liollom,  120, 
KroKritplii4-iil  position,  'Sll. 
inuK'o't*^'  '  ariutio.i,  ,3il. 

Ih-hiiiik  «ml  illstaiKC  to  lumy  olV  lluml.ohl'  Iwir.  ri'.'l, 
lliimliol.lt  Imlil  liouw,  iJI. 
■rrioi.liiil  litilil  lioii-i',  IJI. 
ooMt  to  Ti'iiiiiliiil  lli'iiil,  1-1. 

fiipi.  |.-oiii«Ttttiu'r,  lo-,,  iiis.  Hi,  ir.,  i.'ii,  i.M,  iJT  li'.i  1  :i,  1 1.;,  >«.  i  »"'• 

iluiniit.-r  of ooust-lmt;  lo  tlir  soiitli  of,  IJI, 

iliiliK^Ts  witliiii  liiilf  u  mill'  ol',  l-'J. 

K*«>Kritpl'i''''  po.-itioii,  4'J-. 

initKio'tii'  v:iriiilioii.  I'J2. 

IwiirloK  111,,.  ,',;-'•• io  I  iipi-  iirfor.l  li,;l,t  h.ui-i-  IJJ. 

(  up*.  l.n'i;ory  li^;lil  ll,,ii''i',  1-- 

1  i,,p,|iiuli  Kivir,  I'JJ 

(  lipi-  Prrpi'lllU    1-'-. 

Yminiim  lli'ii'l-  UkIiI-Iu'Ii-''.  '-'-'■ 

Ciisciiili'  Hi-iiil.  1-'-'. 

llilVHtiok   lilM',,l"J, 

t'lipi-  l.ooi    .111,  I'.".', 

Tilliir   ..ik  Ho,  k  l.«lil.|loll!<0,4'.''J. 

I-    ;.il  ,Vilalii-  liulil  lliiusf,  I'-'-'. 

<  iipv  llisuppoiiitiiu'iil  linlit_2.', 
laiidmurk,  l'J2, 
ctimpoNiiiou  of,  1-"J, 
di'cp  "I'll  somiiliiiKS  olV,  lil 

itiorivlilir  t,i  t!u'  norlll  of,  I'.M, 

cliiiiK*'rs.  4-1 

imiiios,  rj;i, 
('ll|ie<liilrim,  I'oilil  I'om'i'pi'iotl,!'". 
(;»|i«  tleornr,  I'ort  Dint'onry,  ,Vil,,'ki;i. 


■rilii,il,,'i!l. 

I.'  ilrlord  liflit-liousi',  ll'J'-' 


I'upi'  (oMirKi',  I'orl  liismvrry,  il,  „ 
<  ';ipf  <;ri.i.rory,  .i'tj. 

lu'liriiijj  illlll  ihsl;iiite  iroiii  l  ^ii 
ilfsiiilieil,  "I'.i'J, 

cu!i.st-lim-  from  lupi"  llrfonl,  ;:i.i3. 
Kt'o-^'riipliii-iil  position, ;{,,i:!, 
fimst  south  ol",  ;t',i.{. 
iiiiM«t'rs.,'l',i:> 
liyiIroKnipliy,;j',t|. 
ilai,j,'i'r,  'TO. 

lililil-lioiisi',  ;l7i,i,  'Br.'. ,'r.i;l.:!OI, 31.15,  3i.«i,:!:i7,'|i.K,  40ll,  till, 4111, 40-i,41U, 
IJ",  H-2.  1J7,  111',,  114,  ll'.l, 4J:l,  I5ti,473,,')l,;. 
d<.s,iih,.,i,:!'.i,-,. 
tliiiractfr  of  iii;lit,:j',irt. 
an-  of  visihility,  ;J',t,5, 
iiiiiit  ,,f  \  isil.ility,  3'.ti. 
i;i'o-r;ip!iiriil  position.  3'.w». 
mimni'tif  \  jiriatiuii.  :{','G, 
licariiiK  .iialUl.staiiLoto  I''ox  Kock,  :VMk 

('a|ii'  Orfiiril  liulil-liousp,  390. 
mouth  of  ('o,|iiill«  lllvi'r,  :!ij«. 
Ymniina  Ili-ails  lluht,  ,t'.H',. 
othur  iiioro  tiistaiit  puiutH.  3'.'6. 


ir.  .I'.iO. 


ll.'i,4',.),4,M. 


'  Piirilir,  l*,»nit  roui'i'lu'ion,  67 
17,  5n'i,  511.1,  .'m,"!,  ,'1117,  5us. 


lift'. saving;  sialioii,  :1'.«), 
iluep-sca  s,,iiiuUni;s 
names  for.  .i'.tr,, 
cuiri-nts  otV,  3',i7. 
Capol.uiiville.  lU',  111.  ll,'i,4'i 
I'liln'  Horn  of  till 
Cup,',  llii-,  ll'i. 
Capi'.lolnistin.  I',i 
ilfs.rilsil. 
Ili|{li  roiks  otr.  .'1(1,1. 
Ht*oi;riipIiii'ai  position,  SO,*!. 
Inai;iu'tie  viirialion,  ,'>i'.">. 
lii'urmt;  ami  ilislamL'  lo  limitilhi  Ueof.  ."iiiS. 

liestnutioM  Ishmii,  ,'in,\ 
liray's  llioltor.  r>i^"». 
rapfShoalwiiU-r  li^litliousf,  5iJ6. 
Capi'  Iiisappoiutiiiunt,  ,'s',5, 
const  line  I'l  till'  Morthwaril,  ■''iii,'!, 
rape  Kiwanda,  l>,  I'll'. 

known  as  Sulnl  Cape,  I'M, 
(liHtaiu-e  from  Haysmck  "oi-k,  I.1U. 
ilescnlic.l,  1311. 
shorc-lim- lies-,  loci,  |:iil. 
Clipe  l.a  Mes.'.,  lo.'),  117,410. 
situation.  41::. 
ileseriplioa,  4111. 
rocks  elf,  nil. 
Kcoiri  pllical  iio-ilioil,  411. 

III'.IUCH,   141. 

Ciipe  l.ookMll.  1'i.V  l.'il,  1.".',  131,  134, 43f,,  110,41   .  149. 
chiirii'  ter  of  shore  lo  the  .soiilh  o''.  I.U. 
,leserilie,l,4.1l. 

iippearanee  at  a  liislanee.  131. 
Keowraphieal  pnsilion,  l.Vl. 
iniiKiii'ti:'  vanution,  133. 
I„..,rimt  ,111,1  ■lislanee  to  Y,ii|iiiiia  llcaih  liKln  lioiise,433, 

Cipe  FoiilweatKer,  13,1 

Cap,'  MiiU'es,  1:1;!, 

C'llsciule  Heail,  ill. 

'rinam.,ok  liKlit-lioiise.  13,1. 

(.'aiie  lli-appoi:  '""'lit  liulit.  1.33. 
li.Irs,  113. 

lishiiiK  liiiiik  iiciir, 43:1. 
Cape  .Meures,  In."..  ll'J,  tM,  131,  112,411,  IIJ, 
,l,ser|l>c,l.  Ill 

aiipearanee  at  a  ,listaiiee,  131. 
proposi  ,1  lii;lil-house,  13'',. 
Kcouraphieiil  position,  I « 
mUKiietie  variiition   131'' 
heariim-  uiel  ilislan.e  to  i  'ai'c  orfoi'.l  liu'1it'lii'i>«i'  W,- 

(ape  (oei!,iry  linlil-lainse.  Lid. 
Yii.iiiina  Heads  Irnlil-li,,!!-.'  43f,. 

'I'lllamook  Koek  11^111  lioase,  I3li. 

Cape  |ii..appointiiieiit  lii;lit,4,Hi. 
dMcriptionshy  curly  yoyuuers,  i.ii',. 

,.„p;:Zn,[o:4n!i:i.l.  5.,  234,  273, 2.7,31.1, :.,«,3ii7,3,w.3ll,321,3-,ra. 

:l;7  ,'l,'l',l,  37',',  3HIV 
hydroKruphy  "I  the  eoust  from  slieller  (  ovc  loiyurda,30», 
Imariim  anil  ilistiinca  from  I'oliit  .Vrcuu  liul'l,''!'- 


If         • 


'i^'    ' 


^l 


'  >.l 


w 


if! 


(j()8 


INDKX. 


111. 


,110. 

Ml 

ri. 


llMinllKI  ll^^llt.  :iiii 


Ca\ie  Miiiilm-iiui  jrptirrnl  "tfTrlitlinu, 
«llnliiiKUiolH'>l  ti-al  iiTf*.  'II 
luMV  to  Tittuni/*'  HI  a  It  IK.  111. 
lliiti^cri*.  11- 

nn''inu  .Hr»*<  tinii,*  fur,. 'U.S. 
ilft'p-wa  otoitutiiiKs  urur,  .^16. 
ciitrciit*.  :tlt». 

tl<IP!l,.1l7. 

liKiiiiiuo*!'  «i.  7"".  .n:.  :ii:.  :i>o  Til.  3:\  .iii,  iii'.i.  :i.v..  :»•«,  "..y 

niliinll'    ..  ilT. 

c''  .rmler  of  linlil.  117. 

..riof  vl-llillily,;ll'. 

Ki-it(fru|ilti<iil  itn*iluin,  .117. 

lniVb:ii<'ni    v;*n;iluoi.  117 

bcarii<t  »"il  illslnrnc  u>  llliinr-  lioif,  '.!•<. 

I'oliil    \n-ii«  li>;lil-h.Mi*r,.'U'», 

IV>nil  C'Hiinllo.  IIH. 

roiila  (tonla.ils. 

Chjm-  l'*i'rliiiirtj»..'ll'». 

MoinlMiMl  hiilil  li<>o!M'.3l-. 

l';.slilitiK  K.H'k.ll'' 

(ri'ik  fill  l^tv  lli;lit   ll<Mi«iv.1l». 
St   'i.-,.ri{.-  »  li.if    il- 
I  »!><•  Orf.o.1  liijlil  hioiHo.  :>is. 
viirioii-  ltiitiy«.:l!», 
rxtctit  i>f  ,*li<«rr  linr  from  I'.iilil  liolicttt,  31H. 
clilililtii'  .'<.ii<lili<Mi<.3IN. 
ti'nnier«to!T.;JiH. 
»hiil«   lit. 
mill. ritll.  318. 
mvrll.ilU. 
f..K-..ll'.' 
ilmri«  <•!.  :>!'.' 
(  mn*  NlriMl.K-iito  *^iiliiuilrln«>  VulU-y. 
Krtu  ml  .K'!WTij»lioii,  II". 
iK'iiriuK  iinti  iliotam  <-  fr<<in  t  h|h 
('hih>  .Mioitilain.  4ii7 
I  up.  .  X.irtliweM.  JVl,  .•.%7.  J^vH  Jiii,  . 

1  H|>.  iir(..ni.  111.  1.V1,  x:  i«y.  ^'.a 

kiiiiw  It  a,«  CalH'  Illaiioi.   C"*. 

tri-mt  .if  .iia.»l  t.».  .T-.. 

li|i|K'.iriiiii-t'  fi'iiiii  a  iltHlaliiT,  V^. 

iliiiiK.T-  ..If,  :r«. 

liKlii-ti..ii«.-.  .iiH,  nn.  i'i».,r>ii.:;%7.  iftt.ro.  ci,  ri,  itvimi.  iti.  :w.' 

:K1.  :{-H,:W7.  .»»<    f.*!.  »•.'.  f."..  lot.  I'r..  till    IJi,  ij-;.  4.':,  in.. 

4t  t.  4  f.'  4V1  4.V  ,  t7'>  .Vtl.  .M,-.. 
nitiiBtioii  :i;« 
rlirtniftpr  tif  liiilit    "t. 
ari'iif  vl!<llillily.    IT'.'. 
Iiiiiii  ..f  vl.li.ility    CI) 

Ke..k'rJM.Iiii  al  im.^IiI T'l. 

Illiik'".'!'    vrirl.llhiii.     7"' 

lM.-ariiig  mill  <ll9laii>'i-  t.i  I  'a|M'  NT.  ii.Iim  iii.i  Ii^ltl  lioii*.     V'f 

llllllllx'I'll    ll|(hl    II..1IIM-.  X.I 

Triiil'ta.l   llia.l  lliflil  li.oiiM..   i:<i 

N..illi\i.«i  s.'Hl  ll.ick.  17.1 
I'.n  K.«k.  :I7.> 

tiri..r.l  lti'fr.;r» 

fa|H*  I  ifrifiirv  linlil.  .IT'J 

\  ft'iuiiia  ll.-a<l  hijlit  Ihoi«4'.  :t7'>. 

'rtllalll-Mik   Itxck    lulil    hoil.1*,    {7'J 

I'lOlit    Vdaiuff  llKlit-tliiUW.   r7'J. 
liyilr.>i:ri«|iliy  ..ir  :l<1 

i.>a.>l  II.  rlli«r.r.l  of,  lt« 

titH-|i-«.'H  MMtii.iiiiie»  >ftr,  3yi. 

iiaiiM't  for,  ■i"J"'. 

I  iirrt'iiln.  .tt»i. 
I  a| rfor.l  lUulil.  J77.  t"^'.. 

Im'HI  mx  an. I  •li-liiiu  »•  from  tali*"  i  lrf,,rtl    (77 

({1-iii-ral  .ii"..ri|. It-Ill.  177 
(■«|«>  l'<r)»tiia  4OI.4  0  to-   M'J.  II I   41  1.  in,.  4IT.  IJi  4.'2  4il. 

ilmtnii'i-  fr-oii  Hlm.I'Iu  Hlm'I.  4i'.f. 

dcMTilx'.l    lOV. 

li.lK-.'i.,  40K. 

It. I  U'l*.  ti.  4l»y. 

111!  Iii.l.tf'li  (lAliui-r«  .ilT.  40'.'. 

^•i^.i^ia|>lii<  al  |.'t«'li.iii   ll'i. 

liiHKiO'tK'  varliitl,.!!,  4lo 

lH*uriiiK  u:id  iilBt«i)t-f*  to  t  iiip<i<iali  Uivit  liar  tlo. 

Y».|illlla  wIllNllliiK  laiiiy,  410. 
^'a.|iliiia  lli-a  N  IlKht-liiKiMi'.  110. 
mure  .Itntmit  (luiiita.  4IU 

finnii-n  fur  4to. 


I'a|ii'  I'i'iiK'tiia  coiMt  line  l.i  ANi'Vii  ltivrr.4in. 
Cap.'  lii.ly.-.lll. 

Inii.l  .ir,:!!, 

liriKlit.rill. 
t'aiKi  |{tK-k..'lii|. 
fM|ir.SHiiil.4.10. 
<'«!»•  San  l.iiiiui,  iM. 
Capi'  Sun  Martin.  Iio,  107,  l.'o,  |j."i.  I  ;s,  130, 1  ;|   inj.  ir,  •_'.•■' i. 

1.1-arinn  ami  illslani?  fr I'i.,.lra«  Itlaiiia-  IikIhIim 

rcilnl  sur,  111. 

K.'oKrapliii'al  )iii..itii)ii,  l.Il. 

Iii'lulil.  i;il. 

.lani;.'r  iii-ar.  III. 

ai,.'li..r«K.'.  111. 
lap.-  S.,.,11.    IMi. 

<  ■i«|.i-  s,,i,:uiiiaii.  ivi.  .iM,  .iVi,  *;i.  3iVi  :m,, :ii-.7, .ic'.i, .170.  i:  1, 1 
.•..ant  liiK-  fntiii  I'aiif  I'l-rroUi  t.i,  .'liit. 
U.'iuTal  .liwi-niitlon  uf.-t(it. 
11.1  n'lun.liiiKt  .or,  ."VVt, 
Ut-o»;rapliiiMl  )'>iNttlon.,'Uit. 
tnaKii.'ti.    varialuiii.  .'lilt. 
lK'ariii>;  and  ili.  lanor  t.iraii.'  \\r 


l.KMnu  lliilil  liim-.i.», 
>  I.  :lut. 


Illiiiil  <  1; 

ruiiil  "t  I  ii-iirKv.  lui. 

Ma.  k  s  .Vr.li.:ll'.t. 

KoKiK'  KiMT  l£o*'l.  ti'i^. 

I'l.rt  Orr..r.l  ll.n.l.  W> 

fap.'llrf..r.l  linlil  li..iiti-,  M.^ 

F.i\  IJ...  k,:ti.f. 
immr.1,  .'K.t 

•linr.'  1.1  I'lirt  llrf.inl.  111". 
<'ni»'  Sliiial»atir,471,  4'.«i 

MllllHtl.'ll.   17. 1. 

.1...  r 111. ■.1.47.1. 

I,lKlll.|l..ilH.,,  17M,  IJO,  ll'.l,  171.  I7i..  I'll.-tVi. 

xilii.ili.iii.  171. 

.  Iiara.l.r  oriiKliI   471 

anaii'l  limit  .if  M>ilolily.  171. 

^.'iiKraphl.-al  pi>«lll<iii.  47  ( 

inaKiiflii'  viitiati.oi.  171 

laurlntc  ttliii  illMtuiKi-  1.1  ( 'ape  Orfunl  ll^'lil-lwoit.' 
t'lijM'  liri-K'try  li^lit-li.iii". 
Ya.|iliiia  llra.U  ti^lil  li.ii 
I'lllnliin.ik  li.i  k  IlKllt  l|,, 
N.irtli  M..a.l.l7:. 
I'arnill  Ulil.  i;'.. 

tif..-tavliitc  ttAli.»ii.  47'i. 

■Il.ir.'-lini'  1.1  I'. mil  lUnn'iii.  ito. 

iii.lKio'ti.   vartatiiin  aloiiK,  1^1. 

<  'm|h'  sla\  iiiaka.  2W 
t  api'.  Siniwy.  I'l.!, 

I  a|K'   r<iiii|ilin   1V>. 

<  ap.   V  l/.i«lii.>  ri.  .".M  -""l  -"'-,  ■-"'•1.  lU"   1-'-' 

<lian>it<T  iif  111.' i.ia«l  fr \lial.iii<.  I'.oiit  t.i  ."'J. 

Ki,.>t:raiitiu-al  ii.itlli.in,  -H. 

liiaKlo'tli'  vartalton,  ~>i. 

lan.lfall   ."IV 
farilwili   l'.iliil.',»l,'.>l,'.«'i.V7,'J'J. 
(  anml  Hay  1  li..  I.fi.  13H.  14-',  14K. 

I.i.alli.n.  I  It. 

WKllll     l,lt. 

an.  li.iraKi*  1*J 
tiiliinariiii*  ^alli'y,  I-iy. 

iluilKITt.  14.1. 
I  nrini'l  M.iiliil.  I  I'M  ».  140. 
I  aim.  I  l'..tiit   lit. 
I  arm.  I  ItU.r.  137,  lit. 
I  ir..'iii.    W.'l'ia  ti  li'Hinfr,  wriMki-.l,!''.'!, 
I  amlilin    I'urt   IS 
I  iir|M-iit.'l  la  i-iiiliar.  a.t.T.i,  'i" 

l'ar|M-ti*,t  ria  l.aii'hnK    Santa  Itartiara  •  liairt.'l  •li't.  rllit*'! 
I  arr  I'.iiiil.  I'.irl  I  Ma.  ..v<■^y^l,^ 
I'arrinKl.iii  I'uliil   sanla  Itota  Itlaiil  f,  HI    U 

<l|,a.rilHMl    i<l 
I'arr.i  111  ft.  I'llKi't  S<iiiii.l,'.'it. 

<  .irr.iil  liil.'l    im.  4't,  %1  VKl.  •«l7."i.M,  MoM'i  'lU.  M7 

lira,  rlla-.l   V»i 

iH-.trintc  I'O'l  .litlan.-i-  from  t'lip.'  .?.ilin«.iii  '^"l. 
Ilalt.-r\   Km  kn. 'il»l. 
.1.  .■|K'.-a  H..iiinliiiict  nil.  7iOft 
Kfoicraplit' al  |Mi«itloii.  tKl. 
iliaKli.'ti.'  \  ariall.ili.  ^11*1 
ii.i  iiiitlylnii  ilanKira.  VM 


Il.li.-..  ■.'--.■' 


:iTii,:!;i,  l;;(i. 


i»;ht  ll<iii«< 


IlillllH-,  S&1 


iKllI-hnllHf  47't 

iikiht'iiiMix'  i:'i 

>N  litilil  Iiomm    r'< 


k.m;. 


1,  '<»■>. 


s 


Cnrr'H  IiiU-l.  I'liKi't  s.mn.l.ivj|.r,:;2,c,i-., 
('Mrtniii'iicnil  nt'  l7'.ii,Ti;,  ^|/ll. ',i» 
I  iirirr  I'oini,  l.innnii  liliiri:l.,v,;. 

CllMiaill.    Il.llll,     IJi;,     IJI,     IJ.'l.   r.'.,,    IJ'I.     Ill       i;;      IJ,; 

.1)11^.1   hill'  rrniu  Silclz  ItiviT  .Ic^lTll.i-.l,   l.'li. 
uiUM'iirahi'c  iil  it  <li><litii<-i>.  Ut\. 
\  islhlr  roi-kM  nil,   l_'7, 

nil  lii. Mill  itiiiii;<'rt  TUMI-,  i.'T.  ' 

Ki-«ii;ni|-lii,  III  Ixi^iliiili.    tJ7, 

lllllKHflir  \'iiriull<ili.    rJ7. 

lit'iiiliiKiuiil  illnluili'i'  III  I  ii|ic  ilrlonl  li-lit-li..ii.i-    |  '- 

•  ii|ii'<ircK'i)ry  llijlil  li,iii„.    |J7 
Yiii|iiiim  lli'inls  liuliili.Mi-i-  rj7. 
<'ii|ir  Kiinhvi'iitliir.  I.'7, 

•  '(MM-  1.1111k. lilt    IJ7 
'I'illniii.iok  l!,i,  k  liuhl  h.iini.  IJ7. 
<'ii|if  l'i-H|i|i.iinliiiim  IikIiI  127. 

cim«t  liillip  iiiirlli  of,  IJs. 
C  'll-*i  Hilf  MiilllltHIIIM.    I'll. 

1  iKiiiili-  Ituiiup.  !.'i7,  ."1-7.  .'i"',!,  .'ivl,  ims,  r,ii',. 
I  u>r'M  r.iiiik,  lliiiiil  .« ( 'iiniil.  i'kM. 
I  iiv's  liili'l,  I'liurl  Siiiiriil,  MH,  r,.'.-i.  rij<,  mr, 
( 'jiHjmr  aiiclinniKr.  Js'i. 

I.i-:uiii«  mill  ilisliiiiii.  rrniii  I'.iinl  1  iilirilln.  -Ji.-!. 

Hi/.r.  ■jri. 

riirk^  ni'iir  rntnini'i'.  ■.is.'i. 

iliplli  iifwiilir.  J-.-i 

Miinkfii  nn-k  iiriir  Imitiur,  2\'i. 

tiiiinrilii;  Imiiy.*.  "J^-'t 

<  ri'i'k  ill  hi'iid  III  1IIV1-,  'J»Ci, 

rllillp,  '.'"ri. 

\  illi»«r  iiiur,  jM'i. 

I'Ici  Irii'  lii;lil~  ■.Imwn,  2*6. 

l-uliHt    II.         h  llf.   jMi. 

*"UH|H!r  I'liint.  L'l^'i.'isii. 

Intiliiili'  llf.  jsii. 
'  a«|ut  '  <  'rcfk,  'J*^*!.  jMi. 
*  'ii.<Iinr  \'illui:r.  -  v., 
I  'mill. I    lii'nial  I>i'n/  11,1    |-i 
rii..iillii  I'liiiit,  '<iiiiia  liurliiim  Cliiinncl,  V.i,  W. 
(  Mllf  KiMk,  m/.v.  '.il.'.i.'i. 

Ui'DKmiiliii.  ',  iiosiilon.  'I'l. 

HiirriiiMiili-il  !iy  ki'lp,  '.I'l. 

foul  ifruiiiiil  lu'tir  '.i-'i. '.Mi. 
ThhIIi'  UiH'k.  rii|n.  ( irftiril   ;li<7    WK. 

iliHlaiiT  friiMi  III. mill  iifH.UIin  Uivi-r,  :i'7. 
i  'alM-  Orfur.l  l.n;lit.    :s7, 

"i/.f.  ■{•«7. 

riirkH  iH'jir.  .^■•7 
I'lwllr  ItiM-k.  SI.  (M.,iri;i_.H  Kf.i'    ;|..,  iM    Ti.'  rii.ril. 

«|7(»..T)I. 

lu'iiriiii;  iMiil  'li«tuii.i'  fr.iiii  SI    1  ir.ir^i-  s  li...>f  l.i-lil-li.iuse.  1 
I'.. ml  St.  (.(.iirni-,  :l.-,i. 

Mi>  iliM'ii  wiiliT  iii.*iili'.  i  .1, 

wtnikni  r.ickn  Itiwlilr.   Til 

■i-Ci'liniw  f.ir  VrHi«rlH  11)  ii||H<4tii|;,  :ri|. 
'■ I  -    lull!*!',    rjti.    IJ7. 

■/.i...  i(.  vkii,  iP.i. 

.-1    .iv.l,.      tiUVTl.   ll.'i. 

■•  .1  'w;  i!,irl.or.  Hunt, I  riiiuliiiii  liliiml,  7'<. 
!■>     il-    !  7^ 

'■'.     ;i't.r.'  ni.f  ,  lllirt^,  '>. 

Cm:  ii  ■  u'V  il».v  rtiliiitililii  \:\\  t.  ii;.'. 
.!.■      i;.  ■■   -.vj. 

•I    111  I.I    WfttlT  111.   I'l-. 
I'lllll     ::     -  I'oliit.C.il hi  I   I'.iv.r    IM,  rc.  |i.| 

Ih*i  r    IK  imil  iliitiuii'i- I'lniii   Tliii'.    I'li'i.  I> i,  11, 1. 

.li'mrllitMl,  llVI. 
•  ■iilll,.  I'liliil,  WiiHliliiKtiiii  s.iuii.l,  Til 

IIkIiI  nil.  X.I. 
I'liviillii  ;    .lilt,  171.1,  HI,  If^,  '.'IC,   _'J^, 
I'lixcrr  I     ,1  I,  Niiitii  I'm/  lilnin),  'i.',  .^1,  si',.  s7, 
I'liymi  iii.'i    K,  117. 

Iii'iirih.  I|.ilii>iii>  rmiii  I'liml  llii.li.in.  117. 

I.K'nlit'ii,  1 17. 

iliii  hiirilKe.  1 17. 

■ItlllKcrH,  1 17 

»n'Unu  fliri'i'lintin.  II'.). 

'"■•■'..     J  ,  n 
H)Kt^»l".    '  l'>. 

*',.ytuiii  Tiiwn.  117. 

I  ayiiiiH  Wliiirf.  lir,,  MT,  IIS. 


I.S'DK.X. 


Gr,9 


C'.'iliir  lilvcr.  Shonhviilpr  Hay,  17c,. 

•  ■(•iia,  1,1  ini--iai|,.  hi,  I.'. 

'■I'lil.'r  M.iii„t„i„,saiit.i('iii,.  l,h„iil,s.'> 
Ci'llliM-villii,  :||.i,  ;|.i|,  :!;l|, 
(•|TVUi|,i(|i,K„|,i,  ,si„t.i(.,.||,    |,|„|„|     ^-, 

Ciiiliu  Nl.uiiN,  Vaniiimcr  l,l»,„|.  .',.',11.    ' 
fhiinihcMCri'i.k.  l:>\. 

I'lnil  name  Inr  Sli.jlai m  Itiyur,  IV>\ 

•  ■Imliitl  Criik.  Mull  |l,.ail..,iii. 
Cllaiiii  -I.  .\riala'l'.'7. 

Hi'lliiiKliiiin,  .-ii-.l. 

Hum. la   111.',  jii-,,  jii,;  .j|  |^  ^l^.,  Ji.-j, ;  |  j 

l>riii;,iii,.i.-i:i,:i-i|,:i.-,o. 

IChtiTi,rirti.,.'i.',(). 

!*airway,.'iH7. 

(Jiiriiii-s. ',61, .-,1,1s, 

ll.inkliiii,;i.'|-,,.|j<, 

■^laiii  ■*hi|i,'.''i.'i.  Jl:i,  ■J17,  2IS,2'J\227. 
.'Mii-i|iiilii..-,-i7 
OlIulil.Kl,  ItHl,  Its.!. 
Kill  k.  J'l"'  Wi. 
Ifyil.-r.  i;.':l. 
Sai  raiiu'ulii.'jn. 
st.(;.ii,rK'f'9.;:.?  -.v^i.STifi. 
.Sail  {■■riuii'lsi-n,  :;ai, 
-Sail  .liiaii..'i.V,, 
San  l'iilrii,;i7,  II,  |,-,.|-,>  71  77 

.Santa  llarhani. '..,  :;'i,  1 1,  u;,  -m, r,i , .',.-1. .-,.,,, ,-,7,  m. 71;,  s'j,  si,  s.',,M,  m. 
.Santa  ( 'Tn/.,  7ii.  v>,  Si,  s'.i  ',i  i,  ',11 ,  .,1., 
Swan^iin.. ',.',,',  TiSl. 
I  iiuniii-l  NI.iikU,  ::'t. 
<liaiinii|  |.<laiiilK  sanla  ll.nliaia.  7ri 
I'hannil  |..li.N,j.iH. 
('haniii'l  I'liinI, Santa  linsi  ULiii'l.  s'.i. 91 

ili'si.nli,.,|.i.iii. 
C'liarlnltr  Sniiiiii.  (jtipi-n.  'i^s. 
fliart  ( "ataliiviiii.^,  .'1 
Cliarts.  (ixplainitiiry  nnli'. ',, 
<"hart.  Kri'lu'h  pi-.C,  It,  II, 
I    cluw  I.oilari',  ;!!■>,  111.  :<.'i'.. 

1  U-arinuaiid  ilistrtiici'  finin  fri'^i  (nit  City  litilit-li.iusi.',  :il). 

-Mi^Hi'!  It.i.-k.  iCi. 
Itnimil  li,Kk.:ir,. 
Iirt'akrr.^  in  hravy  woattur.  .Jri. 
1     <  'hnthani  luianil.  r>-|ii,  .'i.-|fi,  'd:, 
I  lU-mTilii-il,  .Viil. 

ilani^iTH  lu-ar.  -'I'lO. 
cliiiliiani  strait,  .'i^*. 
1     I  lii'lialis  liiviT,  (iray's  Ifarlinr.  17i'i.  Hi.  Hi,  is.-,,  Hii.  -W,  ii'."<. 
I  lizi'.  HI. 

■  Hliiirt'.!,  HI . 

clii'iiiiHal  Miiiiiitalii.  ^"". 
clifrry  I'nint.  Cnilf  .,r  ( linri;ia   'i7l. 
CliiTry  \'alltiy  .\iiiliiirai;i'.  ^aiila  Calaliiia  Ulaml.  7'(. 
chartH.  aliliri'viatiiiiis  n*eil  mi.  li'i :. 
clu'tko  .\iirlitiraiee,  St',1.  .lii'.'. 
roikn  ill.  11.2. 
ihstan.'-  li-um  mntith  uf  river,  ;!("i2. 

il.'litll  111   WllIlT,    !i'-'. 

raiiK'ii  in.  :iii.'. 

inslr.'.tiimi*  for  vi'ist-H  aii|iri.ai'Iiin|;.  .{11.1, 

no  kt'lp.  -'{r,;!. 

liili'i.  ilii.'!. 
chetkii  IViiiit.  :WI.  .'!■'■'.',  .Ii'.l. 

>;i'in'rai  ilt-n,  riiilinn,  -iii-'. 

vi-iliii-  ro.  ks  ni'itr.  iir.J 

Hinikrii  ri  -ki*  nrar.  .I'l'J. 

ri'i'f.  li'.J.  :i  :i. 

i:i'0|;ra|,lii  al  |iii«itiiin,  'till, 

iiiiii;ni'tio    ariiiliiin,  Kit. 

li^Ii'tnalon  V  the  HJiori'  tr-iin.  -'.til. 
'  hi'tko  Hivi'  . li'iii,  :i-iT,  'I'l-,  Hi",  liiil ,  Nl. 

ili.ilHtU'1'  iVoin  Point  St.  tii'orKi'.  *•''■ 

.NiirlllHost  Si'al  1:01k,  mi. 

laii'lniark,  I>i|. 

» tilth  ofinoiilli.   i'il. 

liili's  :li'>! 

rin'o(ini/i'il  at  a  ilistain-i',  lii'iil, 

citaKl  froni  Prini'i'  HIaiiit  to.  -'^iO. 

Iii'arini;  anil  iliMlani-n  from  I'oint  St.  (n'orup.  i'in. 

Nortliwc?.!  M-al  Hock,  :il'iO. 
Chilmliili'lil  liii.'k.  Ni'iali  Hay,  .'iJJ. 
I'hilliiiu'iu  Uivcr.  in.'). 


it  I 


^^il 


Strt 


!^P 


i.'m>\ 


m 


I 


IIII'ImI 


h'J:'il 


070 


INDKX. 


«  hlllooosw  Ulr(<r— OrtntlniiKl. 

imnif*  ft>r  Tt*ilikotrt  Kivpr.  4<ft. 
Ditliukln  Ircok.  'I'.t  I. '»'.»!. 
ChiniTuy  Hoik  Nitl.  I.«'.. 
i'liiiM"**'.  iiuiiitKrutuiii  i»t.  »**%;. 
«'liin<>!«'  ll«rlH>r.  Sinli  Crii;  lihiml,  n«. 
('hin(ii<i('rt»»'k,  (tr;!}'-*  IIiirlMir.  !•»!. 
IMiiiiivik  I'oiiit.  i'i>luiul>iik  Kivi-r,  iVj,  iCii.- 
fiitunltot).  l.'tV. 
nninr'«  for.  4'»'.*. 
riiln..,.k  Hi.  or.  »V>. 
(hipp.-  Iilitixl.  344. 
ln'at'on.  ill. 

U'liriiii;"*  nn>l  di«littuH*«  tti  VArtntlfl  l>Oft<HMl!l,  344« 
('hiii-kiiniil  iUy.  llt-lliuKlL  >ni  lliiy.  STl, 
il«'««'riliiMl.  *tTl . 
aiu-IiorAKO.  '»"!. 
Cliurcll.  Criiio.  .M3. 
finite  .\liinicM.  l(W. 
(ii.r.loTiK.  IVi. 
Siinin  Mitri.i.  Vf>. 
SwiUir  «.  .-.l!. 
rlmtoii  l!iv,r.  C.'t 
Clly.  I'r.  -,-,nt.   '.lo.  in    III 
<in»y**  Miirltor,  1^1. 
MoiitltHiiio.  :;77.  -"»!.  -Hfi. 
Morro.  IIT 
0»kl«nil,  173.  (VJi 
l)lyiii|ilB.  iV.M.  f..-J.  f.2l. 
S»>atllc.  <■<»'•.  !V>«.  «w.  r.is,  ici 
Tncomu,  I'll,  filS.  i"iW'.,  filT.  '•>. 
VUlorin  w«i. 
t'lallnn    lUy  Vil. 
ilcmrlUil   .•i.'4. 
iiKnlh-  near  r>-4. 
ilpplli  iif  nat.-r  iiff.  S:4. 
Iiitliiiii  tiaiiie.  ^i4 
riallam  r..iiit    I'rot..  linn  Nlan.l.  Ml,  M4.  M». 
CIk.!'"""  <'lielirtli«  liiviT.  I«l 
Ciark  l"l«ii.|    H.>"arl.i  Strmt.  v.'*. 
Cliirkf.  1.>M<  anil.  I'iUvl.  IJl.  IMi.  4li.  119,  4W.  4.V!.  45y,  4f.l.  4M,  M3, 

171,  17".  (V.', 
CUrko  K'K  k-<,  I'a'rwny  I'haiiiit'l,  ■^■C. 
Clark  sSlouuh.  .'i-f., 
JlnlKop  Itencli.  4Vi  r.l  471. 

iK'rtr  IVtinl  .\illlinn.  4VI, 
<'laliii.p.|.ll   4'i2.  4.%7.  «'>•*. 

i'leiiiiMilt'  anchor.k^o.  San  rlciiielilc  UlAnii,  71. 
Kf'"Kfap)iit'ul  |>o<iittiiit,  74. 
«|pH*rlt»«<l,  71. 
CMfl..    li>l».|p   W. 
I'llir.  .\iiil.-r-K.n  ••.  2Wi,  JV.-!.  2VJ. 
Hla<klivk.  .T*.* 
KnI'Jiia.  'mi,  :ii>4. 
M  hi  way.  44.^.  440. 
I'rall'B.  4;»l. 
Wlmc.  170. 
(•Ii(T  T'licil.  lolijuilila  River.  401. 

iH-anti^  an<l  tlitlaiict:  fntltl  Toinl  KlIUv,  iM. 
(■Iia<m,  ll,M«l>  lan.il.  r.TC 

l.itPi.l.'.  f.Kl 
CllM.  <■!  VlIlaiTf.  Nnali  n«y    TiAI.  5J1,  522. 
<'lii»l.-r  (  ,1111-  lloi-k,  '."J"'.  S'.'y.  .Ti"!. 
lii-ight.  ■.".w, 

iM'Hrini;  aii'l  'linlaiitT  fr -in  Slieller  I'ovc,  299. 
hrimll  otrtMiiit  rtiiptii*«l  tli'Ar.  '.*V>. 
lalilifliv  .ii"! 

l.cililniK  Krounil  inriiile,  .tllii. 
Ciml  It.iiik  >i|oiiKh.  KcMM  Hay.  TJx.  4in. 
C.ul  llarlHir    r,<i 
('  .at  inirif".  Saiialmo,  Ml  r^vi, 
Coal-Oil  p.iinl.  SanU  lUrnara  C'haiiiial.  iti.Kt. 

ili».  rilxil   (.1. 
c.ml  I'uini  :i7'i 

I'tiaatof  «  aliruriiin  tirih-riplion,  Ifi, 
t'oajil  uf  Lower)  allforiila.  It. 
OfM'liie  I'c.ii.t    Suii'.i  <  ru/  l.lanil.*Kl. «?. 
C<»ctiipf  I'rirl«i«»  ari<  liornKP,  *4anta  Crni  Inland,  *C.K^, 
Clliy  lti»f,  281, 
Col'iur  .Mx'yu  Iluy.  411. 
C'ulliiui.  -JiiV 

i-t|K>M'<t  tu  w*-at4-rh  M'aji,  "^'i^. 
intxtrinic  llnm  aii'l  loioya,  2(jA 


I  'ollln*— rontlniinl. 

t>nly  for  niliniitrr  ime,  2)ift. 
Colllliavilli'.  nllnrf  of.  211.  2r>. 

Colliflioiii  ut  Hfla.  intrnialloiiul  rpKHlatioiis  to  provrnt.f 
Colormlo  l><'»prl.  17. 
Colombo  l.r<lui>,  ni,  imi. 

l>rrrtkrrt,  lt'>i'. 

irrpKilliir  depllm,  IGl. 
roli»riiiK  <if  tnioys.  y. 
Coluinliiii.  Ilrlliili,  .VW,  IWl. 
Ciiliimliiii  Uiver,  111,  lill,2.IJ,2Tl,3»0.:ll7.17J,  IJ-.>,  Ml,  ril.Ti 

i<.nr-.v4.M. 

li>..<irall.4M. 

apprnrtrho.H,  4M. 

naviKatioii.  i-M. 

riilraiuH'.  4Vt. 

h«r.  4'>i.. 

aanti  ut  ptilraTio«.  4.'^7, 

lirrakorn,  4-">7. 

cMirrrnta,  ^^7. 

i-oiirne  froiM  Catlilatnrt  IV)int  to  tlio  Ciknrn<le<«.  |i'/». 

tlUtani'r<4  to  poiniM  tilxiiK  llii<  river.  Iik't. 

al'U  to  iiiivi^alioii  for  approai-lnn^  ami  entering.  liV 

aaiiliiK  <ltret-tloll<  for  tile  plilranee  to.  4r»7. 

luioya.  ir.fi. 

rliiiiinel  .'liauKeH  at  the  entrance, 4<i9. 
tl'li-aiit  tlie  Itionlli  of.  !'.'.>. 
nainvH  f..r.  47o 
pilot  l:nv<  f.ir.  471, 

pilotage  an.)  towuu.-  t-oiuhine.l,  472. 
C..llon.;til. 

<  oivos  paHiuttce.  VM, r.ii). 61 1, r.i:i, r.in, kih. 

ailnatioii.fil.^. 

Keneral  de»vrlpttnn.l»lS. 

»\rf  fill. 

iltpllLfiM. 

aiii-tu.riiRO  filM. 
Colvop  '{(M'ka.  llooil'M  CanAl,039. 

"itr,  f.2".l. 

dt'ptli  <.f  water  around,  020. 

Iiiark4><l  l.y  a  Imoy.  fi.l<l 
ill  pill  of  wilier  at.  i'k'IO. 

iH'ftrinte  and  dUt»nee  to  i'oiilweatlier  ItlulT.  iVTo. 
Tula  I'oint,  IMU, 
r'oniineiK-enieiit  ll«y,  S13,016,01«. lil'.i. 

Nltiiation.  1)16. 

Keneral  de^-rlptlon,01«. 

ileptli  of  wut.r.  610. 

ani'liorKKe.  016. 

viirrrni".  016. 

laiuliiiarkit  for  entering,  616. 

ti.l.n.  617. 
Cunilnintion,  2|l>. 
ConuniHalon  Koek.21<l. 

ailuiitioii,  2411 

l.are  at  low  water,  2|ii 

marked  hy  a  iM-aiHiii.  210. 

IwarioK  an. I  dinlanee  to  lnaii;ftElne  wharf,  210. 
varioiii  wliarve.4.  210 

lii.oy,  211.212 

flitiiKtioIl.211. 

ItearliiK  and  .ll^tatue  t«)  MaKazint^  I'oini.  Jll. 
variotlN  wliiirvex,  211. 
Coneepe|.>ii.   I'.iint,  W,  49,  M,  54,.W,  V>.  il,  02, 1.1, 01,  0.^.  lilt.  < 

lim.  I'lO.  1 1,^.  214,  f2«,  M«.  Ct. 
Con<.e|K'(on.  Sierra,  M,  •'^7,  64,  69. 
Con.-  Mountain,  \>,  IV. 
Cone  I'eak.  im 
Cone  K.M  k    I'rin.'.-  Ulan.!.  161 . 

h.-ariti^  .imt  .li^tane.'  from  Prince  Nland,  'tfil. 

.Imtante  fr.>m  nh.ire,  301. 

hellfhi.  Kd 

th'pth  of  water  around.  161. 

■iinkeli  anil  vi«il)le  roekM  near, 361 

in«lrii('tioii  to  v.*xa**N  approarlihiK.  ^0' 
Cone  liork.  Triniilad  Head.  II- 

Ni/e.  lM>ariiit{.  and  dmlatii-*^  fr<.ta  Triiii.lad  I.i^'lit-h") 

dmlaii.  •'  rroin  nil. .re    IW. 

ih'pth  ..f  water  ar..iin.|  .If* 

alii.illd  IH'  Klveli  a  u  Ide  Iterlh.ltM 
Co al  Koi  k    107 

iH'ariiiK  ami  .IUImih-c  from  liiinla  t^irtla,  .107, 

■lie,:«iT 


VX2,  |iU,  I'll.  ?.■*:, '.^'. 


irr  HlulT,fl.Tii. 
t,  tuu. 


I  wimrf.  il<). 
harvf«.'lo 


tnnlcftl  KtM'k— <'ontlniU'(l. 
Muiilicn  rm'k-*  ihmit.  :tn7. 
t;r(>Kr.i|>1tintl  (nisilion.MdT. 
iiiiiKnt'lii'  vtiriiition,:tas. 

hi't»rii»«  mill  (lisltincr  to  Point  Aronn  lii:tit-h(mH4\.'K)M. 
pMinl  l».-lmi.lii,.{iw. 
('apr  M.iit|nfiiio.."{iW. 

CnlliPllI  Ko(  K,  ITccrlil  HimkI.  |!IK. 

runtinr  <'n'ok,4H7. 

'^lllXl^r^■^llip,  !ii«t,.'Sn. 

Ciii-iliiiifr  Htink.stnut  »tf  Kucn.Vfc'i. 

•;ituatiiiti.'>.V>. 

tU"**'ritMvJ,5.'>.%, 

currents,  5.VS. 

klip.  v..-*. 

r.iii.xliunT  Hay.  Vtincouvrr  NlinHl.Mii. 
r..ii'<lani'»\  Mnnnt.iilJ.t;,".!, (;;->. 
I  oTitlnnlliift  Kurk.  1  ir«.  lis,  r.-d. 

!i  lijiliIiMi  tlantfor.  I  H. 

iK'rttiiiv?  ainl  tliHiaiHT  fmni  Ciiynrus  villum'.  11 H. 

IiK-tit»Ml  ill  clour  wcaUicr.  11", 

Imoy.  IH. 
Cnu'ttivn/''.,  Minut'l.cittMj.i'S,  ^7,iVs,  ijs.  l-Vt,  IV.t,  liV.i,  I'JT.  Jnj,  j; 
CtiiiMtiimion.  Mimnt..Vrf'),  'wlT.'tT:!, r»7l. 
t%)iUr'i  t'oslu  Mountain-*.  !7i>. 
(' .:i*'er!*ioii  l*uiiit,  Point  nunn-nu'. 'iJ. 
('..uk.CrtjH'.-l'W*. 

ronk,.TiinifM.('itiM!.:f>i,  IM,  IJt,  ll'.i,  "m-*,  .-,17. 
i'lioprr  Iiilt't,  Vaiu'oiiviT  l-l.iinl.r)(i). 
< 'uui>t«r.  Point,  'i-tl,  "VJ7. 
Cooper  Hoc  k.  *'aniil  <li*  Karo,  .'Ci. 
(■.i)por's  I.atniinK,  Santa  Harlnr.i  ("liauncl,  lU. 
4oopt'r'     point.  Koos  Itay.  -{••■.i. 
Cooper'--*  Point.  Point  Sur.  1  in,  l  i.». 

bearinK  Mi<^  ilistuiu-u  fruni  I'UMlra-*  ltlan<  us,  l.{  >. 
Point  Snr.  I.t:t. 
PfeiircrM  Point,  III. 

tIeHcrilwd.  113. 

hiiiiU-n  (lanRtT!*,  113. 

Kco^nipliical  pn«»i(ion,  1  ti. 
Copalltt  If«>ail,  K^,  tW. 

ItoarinK  liiul  iliHtiinci'  Troio  Point  1  •riMivillf,  4^*4. 

K'*onrup'iioa!  poMitioii.  !'••<. 
Copftlcn  Kivor,  I.Vs.  1H7.  *.';!. 

«i/.»'.  1S7. 

tiuviicalilo,  H7. 

Kt'OKraphlrul  po^tiltiiK  of  t-nlianfo  to.  iss. 
Copp.r  Mo.nitaiii.  ■1.^7. 

h.i^Iit,  ;157. 
foipiilloCity.  ;J'». 

c.HpiUi*'  Point.. w'.t.a'.N).  117. 

■liitaiu'c  friHii  CiMpiillr  ItiviT,  'WJ. 

lu'iKht.  ;wy. 

riKkn  oir.  ;w.t. 
('.Kiuillo  Kivcr.  :iVi,  ;ts.H.  :{<r> 

roiMl  (mm  ('n|Mt  urfonl  li^lit,  :H-i. 

tiiniltnark,  ^<«VI. 

reef,  3911. 

:an<lfiilU,  300. 

j'-ity.  3'.tO. 

i-lian>f«"<,  :V». 

KtM»if riiphli'ul  poRition  ofi-titrant"-,  'VA. 

ti.le-.  .I'.tl. 

inatrnrlioiiH  for  cnlrrini;,  {'.'1 

iiuiunetit'  variation,  '!'.«'. 


INDI'.X. 


(.71 


heuriitK  1111(1  tli-.4luu('f  f'uiii  tintntli  t 


Tri'liAn  nftmofrtf,  .10J. 
loiml  north  .if,  .l'.!'.', 
1 illr  IliviT  Itovf.  I'.Ki. 

I'crMtllliniliDII  <>M'iM|l|illll  I'lilllt.  ^'.«). 

i"|iiilli<  Kuril,.')'.*). 

I'lioy,  aw. 

tlintaiu'f  from  llio  rm-k.  ■T.hl. 
'inlfi:  llniik.  H>-.,  ■.••.>j/j-j;!,-.'.li;.'.'V,i, 
xriDontiit  Hiiy,  \'iiiii<Miv«'r  |.I:iml,-V>7,. 

iiin!ioriiKi'.  .^^7- 

cit'MTihnl,  Mi7. 


.  Capi-iirfonl  IIkIiI'I 
K.i\  Ho.  k.. )■.'■-' 
t'apo  tirt'^ory  hulil 
3'J2, 


I'.iJ. 
!ioii..i' 


i'onn..miil  Hay,  Vn.unMv.Tl.,l,ii„|-c,„iiri„c(l. 
fr.'.li  MuliT  111  ar,  .'1 .7 

I    ■iiiiiiniiil  I'a..^,  I'limf  s l.iVj;). 

('i.riiwall  l.aiKliiiK-  '~\<'>. 

I'oniiiiiilii  IliMtli.  17,  I'.t.Jit. 

•  'oiiiniiilii.  I'raniN.-o.  1 1, 
I     •■iilniiailo  lUili.l  lan.li.iiirk,  lii'.i'iilii.il,  I'.i,  Jil.il. 
I  lnMriii»;M  froiii,  j:'.. 

ui'iiu'riiphiial  pusilioii, 'J^'. 
I     CorMiiailon,  l.ii.  Ij,  i.i,  !■,.. 

I'orniiii.liH  IslarnN,  IJ.  l:i,  Il.lr,. 

<'ornil  llMrlmr.Saii  Cliniciitu  liilaiul. 
'  ili-siril.cil,  7'. 

Il.li'-.  7f.. 

<'nrti>,  lidil,  II.  l.'i 

Cortes  Hank.  II,  1 1,  ^7. iVi.'.K.  |(lo, 
I  Kci>i;riipliuiil  p(isiiii>n,fi',l. 

I  tiirri'iii.s.  711. 

I  (Icrp-m-a  .HiiumliriKH  oil",  7ii. 

f'orti'S  shoal,  1 1._**,  'nl, (i*», yri. 

Ciirffs,  Mtt'aliHhip,  70, 

t'ostnopoli*,  <1iihali...  1^1. 

Cosla  U.i\a.  K. 

I'o-lii  iliiu.i.Saii  |liii;o  Hay.  17. 

(■,.,,(.,  );„■„,  ,lii,,  ;|;. 
'     Costa  Si-ijoru.  :iii. 

Costoii  ti^iialM. (!.').■>. I'l.'ir.. 

Cott.itH'va  '  (ivi-.  J'.i.'i. l".w, 

liiMnnj;  ami  .li^laii.-.'  from  I'.ip..  Vizcaino, ■J'r., 

I'oinl  ('iilirilla,'.".*'.. 
lU-MiTlhod. ',",».■». 

rocky  i<lcl  I"  the  soiithwartl.:'.!.'), 

MinikiMt  rock..,  _".r>. 

clmrai  tor  of  tlic  ..liorc.'i'.i.'j, 

HWI  II.  _".*'.. 

inoorint;  Inioys.  2'.t.'». 

niicIioraKC,  J'.ii.. 

K^'Ulaphicai  p  i..ition,  J'.Mi, 

niatinftic  vari.ilioh.  "J'!*.. 

111.  al  name".  'J'."'i 

no  i|, Ulcers  to  .'^iK'lIi'r  Cove.  2'.f>. 

I  .ittan.'Va,  t're.k,  i'.in. 

j     Collain'va  liock.'.'^ll.L".*;. 

,  no  known  ilanyer-  oil*.  J'.'l. 

I     <'ollaneva  Valley. ■J'.i'),  ■J'ji'.. 

'     (iinne-.i  Monnil.:lrj. 

<■ 1>  ,S.in  l.ui..illiHp.),  liVi. 

( ■oinit.\ ,  >atit;i  r.ar'iara,  I."'.. 

(■.in»kie  I'rei-k,  a"'i 

al  niKliI  aK'ooil  m.irk  lor  I'oinl  I  ;on1a,.'!i»>. 

Cove.  .\ilani...''7. 

.Vpple  'rrccrml. 

.^rena.  ■>■■<.  ■.' 

Ikincia, IT", 

Hnller"   .j7- 

t  tipo,  4i'.'' 

I  iilli  ys,  J7''.-.'7li,  277. 

I'aU..  Klannilli,  U:l. 

l'auntleniy,i'.12,riW. 

I'criiUMin"".  "Jfn. 

I'.rn  '■I''. 

Iwk  MillJV'.iC.l. 

I'.. iTny  ",'.«!. 

Fori  l!o»".2ra. 

(i.r-ll.'»,JV,i,  Jiai. 

lliirH.'slnie.  17'-',  •-'17. 

Knnler'..,  ir.s. 

.llLkiH...  -"."^. 

Ma.klinV.  I'U. 

.Miinlin'-,  i'."».i. 

Noy«.  .:'<7.  2'»-'. 

o.ik,  iVL'. 

I'a.ili.-  Valle.\    IDl. 

I'.'iin'".  OTI.  IVH, 

I'llot.  IV" 

I'oinl  lli.-nvill.'.  Wl. 

I'r.ni.l.mie, 'ill. 

it.ak,  ■::7. 

Salmon  Creek.  -^\. 
Samclilo.  l'<' 
SlUKllel.  11-'  1 1-. 

.Mi.-ll.-r.  ■-".•i.  ;liil ,  S'l'.,  :!n7,  :!iw,  31'.!,  3-."J. 
Sim. niton. '.M, '.Hi. '.'T 


.■I 


\i% 


67'-^ 


INDKX. 


<  oV»\SiniOr"*.)*.ii7 

Stiin^:»;lfr"*.  '.»*•  VVM. 

.s.>nil>ri.i    Ml 

S<iiilli   f'.V 

SiiMMatcr,  .'-VI.  .Ym, 

Tnini'  Hi'i'   Ju"). 

Tli..iiii.-..n    I.J.!. 

I'liiil.hT.  •■<:>. 

Tvvm  IViik.  1*1. 

\Vhili'"l>'iro   .'?.!.  'i'.il. 
('ou'iU.|iin  lli'jul.  Vntirniivt.r  |h'.ui»I.  Vi7, 
<'.i«lil/  Itivir.  IM.^sT. 
Ci.nljl;  V«lli.y.  \!7 
Vt<\  l{...k.  Il.-.|.|«  ll,.;i.l.   I.e. 

ih.«t»ini'0  fiMiii  jilion',  107. 

^tinkoii  roi-k*  iirHr.  <'*7 
•  "ot.^iinli  Mill"   (Viliiiiiliiii  l.'iv.r    r..-   |iVi  |i;i    ir. 
«'<i>i'  M  Hull'.  I  <l 

forin«  liii  itti.  h.irii>;r  m  ii.iri  >i  w.'st  wiii'l...  I; 

lantliiii;.  I  >J. 
<'«ii.)  iiiit'lMtniifp.  Satil.i  IliirliiiDt   <  li  (iiiti-l.  '>l 

<  .iy..l..  in-rk.  t: 

»"ii.v..l.'  I'.mil.  *^.»ritrt  UoHii  Ulnn.i.  '.«i.  'M.  '.O. 
IVrtii.l.ih  ■*|.il.  ri.l.iii;.,  Il^iv    VM. 

uco^niiihi.  Ill  l>..^ition.  ."ii.l  . 
(•ni|..i  lt...k.S.iii  I'l.iln.  lliiy..T.i.  M. 
itt'^rrilH'.l,  v'l. 
Ill  irki-il  liy  n  Im.iy.  .HI. 
C'rfCk.   \.M.T.  .'71 

All ill 

.M.I.T.  ni.ViO. 
A|>l<>-.  Il.t. 
Iti'Br.  f.ii. 
lU'iiiiT.  Hi. 

lll-.'<lli>C.  '.■'.HI. 

Ilirry  :»17. 
Il....ni-  4t» 
llni-li.  .'71,   17  1.   in. 

■  link.  :«^ 
lliitant).  I'M'. 
r»|.i-  U17 

( 'MMINir.  JVi.  Xl. 

<  tuilHtl.  .Iiil. 

<''ii»iiiImt(«,  f.'Jl. 

(•.lllnikllll.  Vjl,.V.l3, 

<'l,  ii»l>,  IM. 

Connor,  4'C 

roimkiiv  :iLtH. 

KhkI.-,  Xli 

F^t.U.  4r.   IK..  411. 

l;ik.  .'71.   ill..  Ci.,  U'     i'-l. 

Klon  «    IH" 

hour  Milp.  :«»7. 

l''ri'«lnv«liT.  ."WH. 

Uiin-iii.  -Jfi'i,  .TO. 

lin-KorV-  ■i'»7. 

Mar.-,  x; 

lliililiHril'K.  m. 

llilliliT  ».  .Vi'.l. 
.la... I.-.   i.'H 
.lr!*n*  .Nlaria,  lifi. 
.1.1.  l^-. 

Jdhiifton'.!.  'tH'.i. 
.IiikIimdiIIi-  '."«< 
IjihiloK.  IS7. 
.M.Uiinilil  »    rjo. 
Mi  Hit.  ■.'•il. 
M.inlrziiinii.  'ill 
Vfkanakiiiii,  IVt. 
<ll.l.  117 
(HlHi'tfan.  I|ii- 
l*<**<-ttiliTii.  Vi. 
ri-tnliiniH    ill.'JI'J. 
I'lllari'lliiA.  I.%T, 
l"l«niii     liKi. 

ruiMiiiK.  ■ar.t. 

I'lin^rna.  1^7. 

■  (•'.lu.Hiil     in.    1411 
Siilnii.ii    r.-.i.  iM,  JVI    ■.'7'.l. 
Han  Viitoijlii    liiTi  I'll. 

Han  <  arpofiir...  li'i,  I Ji'.,  I.T,  IT).  1*1. 
••an  'iri-Korio.  IVl, 


I'ri'rk,  ^iln  .lo^/-.  1  W 

San  I, ma  iilii>|>i>.  IIH 
Snnla  ITii/.  I."S 
Saiila  li.i«a.  Il'.i.  1'JI. 
.*^ailKilt'l.  I  r>. 
Savai;...  .17;!. 
Silionnir.  1.'4. 
.><l-..ir»,  IM.  IM. 

sliiui„,i,.,(,io. 

^1KI.;.1mIm'W,I".J.I 

^»ki.|.i.«'riiii\vin    liiil.  4i'.I. 

Sliili.  I.'H 

siiii.iiii.ji ;.  Jill. 

Hull. .11.  HIT 

S.\  la|.i>li  iv:-. 

'ratik.  till.  h.  liL".. 

•|iililaU....-.76 

TaiiNy.  li'.!! 

Tavl.ir'«.'>.'7. 

■|Vn  Mill',  lim.  im.  |ii.,i. 

Triwk.  I.W. 

Tiiniliw.  IVi. 

Ty|.«o.  4H.I 

rkall.:l7-.'. 

r«iii.'.v." 

ValiMi.iH.il  i.  11.1. 
Villa.  IPi.  1  II. 
Virgin. -I'.i. 

Wlimconi.Vl. 

Will.iw.  IIT 

\\  il.i..n  «.  :l|:l. 

\Vr,-,  k    l^.< 
['n*!M-«'iil  liny,  ^■.'ii,  .'SJ'l. 
am  horayt'.  'i-li. 
r.Kk.'i.li  VJi  Ml. 

Irrm t  I  ily    llii.  Ill,.144. 

ri-«.<-nl(  ily   Hav.  Un.  IIJ  ll'i,  :IM. 

illlll.-i.ll  I.I  iiiak.'  ..Ill  wli.-ii  a|i|ir.iaL-liiiiK..1l'> 

tlanuiTiiii..  all.  li.iriiK.'.  il'i 

«i/...;il'i. 

|.Uoi  iii'i.l.  .1  :ii-. 

no  Hiiiik.  I.  r..»k«  .iiit..i.l*'  of  111.-  viml.li'  oiicn. 

i..l.'t«  an.l  .laii^'rr.*  in  Ih.-  a|i|ir..a.-lif<...:tl.'i. 

roi'ka  I.I  till'  ca..!  ..ftltf  an.  li..rH|{«'..146, 347. 

«fl  ..f.  llfi  .147. 
naillliK  .lirrt-linnit.  '•il'i. 
whi-llniK  liii.iy.Mx. 

lU'l.th  ..f  «al.  r    11* 

lirariiiif.  an.l  .liHtam-ON  to  ti.-l^lilHiriiiu  o 

iikIii-Ii..ii»..,  iiH.  ir>,.ti-..ij'j,.iiii..>n.  iii..;i'.  i 
f.i.  ^■v^  i.'iii 
all.ialii.ii  .tr... 

l...l«l,l,  if. 

.'Iiiiia. KT  ..r  liiilll.  !4'.l. 
ar.  of  vl«ililllly.:ll'.l 
litiill  of  vlnlliillty.'U'.l. 
K*'<ik'ra|.tii('al  |..iNili..n  'il'i. 
niau'ii.-li.'  \Hri.ilioii    tl'.i 
iK'HrliiK  anil  .li«taii. 


M\ 


I'l 

|... 

M.n.lo. 

in 

.  IIkIiI 

II 

nil 

...Ml  II. 

r. 

lI'i 

It. 

..  k 

V  I'l.inl 

11 

'.1. 

It. 

.1.1 

i.K   U..< 

k. 

iri. 

N. 

irll 

iwrMt  S. 

al 

It.ick. 

leal  1 

...tltoll 

if 

Il«. 

pt4*i  oniftirv  '«tatiiiii  K«'<)^'riip) 

mirvrvN  i>f.  il'.*. 

(■uniniitiiU'nlloii  willi  Sun  Iriin  i<n  o.  ■I'SO. 

Mnvitl-oii  iii-«linr.-  <  urriMit  oh^frvt  <l  iit,  Vi(>. 
CrotM't'iit  <  Ily  I'mLt,  t'.T. 

I'r*""!*!!!  iiti  I  <irrt>  I'.i'  k  ,  1^7 
Of  ■<<-iit  <  ity  K*'or.  d". 
rrt"Mi-iil  Uliiiid,  .s|io*lwu!t'r  Hay,  477, 
rrr"|ii.  rHili.r    Ufi. 
Crorkrr  I4*k4*.fl;n. 
(•r.iok  Tnliil   .Umripllnn  nf.'H.O.'S. 90,37. 

ilt*>H-ripti<Mi  of  '.t|. 
I'riw.kn  I'oiiit    Pii'..  :irt7. 

.liHtiui.cfrMin  <  (i|M'  Kfrnllo.'Wfl. 

Kf*iii'riil  ihw  ri|iliuii.  ■»>'>. 

ii(»ki'|io(r.  ;t(>». 

4|<-|iili  iif  ualf  r  ufl',  .t'Vl, 


« 


INIiKX. 


G73 


I  rook'n  Tolnl— ronllntipd. 

Kt'i'terftphicHl  |M>nltion,3B0, 
I  rot'ix'f.  4'ii|ituin,  70. 
I    I,  hillo  M«''lit>.:il. 
,  ,,|]*.y-H('i.ve.  21\  r:*'..  ?77. 

iK'nrltitf  lunl  iIimUiu'i'  fntiii  i*oiiit  Arena  llKht-houfto,  27ft. 

('•yiwt  Survey  Htiilinii,  'J7»>. 

tfi'<)|frti|tl))«'iil  tMiNttidii.  'JT't. 

tM>rllivvi>>tlHW<*ll  lirokuii  by  outlyliiK  rocks,  'Z7Ct. 

full)  ^rniliid,  '^(y. 

ptiSHtiKt*  t(i  wliiirf  nnd  chute,  277. 
\  tliuK''  iiriir.  277. 

latKliniirk.  277. 
Hl/.r  nf  iovi',  277. 

liurltorriMitiMirrtlivelyjittfo  ihrouKhniit  the  year. 277 
(U'pthof  \vtUiT.277. 
Cullim  Bjiy.  ri'.iM. 

ilt'Mcriplion,  riDS. 
ih-pth  of  witt<T,'S9H. 
iiirrtMitw.  r»UK. 
hIiohI,  r>«iH. 
(  unil)r>kdt<  Ian  .VtiiA**,  IVnk.l'tH. 

lurnnt.  l)rtvi<Ui>ir«  irit*hnn»  i-.Mv.  :t  w.lVt.  I'm,  W'.».:i*)7, 120,  l.'>0.4'> 
(  II  rt  fit  I -4  III  the  ttdliltMi  <iiitt>  It  nil  iippruiuhcH.  227. 
I'tlily  ftuixt  riirriMil,  227. 
||o4mI  wiitcr,  '227. 
el.h.  ."UK. 

t*'i)i)H'naiir(>  of  tlu'  wutrr  in,  22>*. 
CuyUTH  llrtrhi.r,  r,7,Hl.'.M.'Xt,97. 'W. 
.ii's.rlhi'il.  '.!«■. 

inttnit'lionH  for  vi'hjmiU  ontorirnj,%. 
|nH)r  luirltitriitc*'. '^i. 
fri'f*h  \viil<'r  frnm  hitiiHf><«, 'iO. 
hyilrou:rii|ihir  ^ki'toh.  ri'frn'iiw  to,  97. 
m'rtiiuhiry  aHtrniiotnictil  Mtutinn.'.C. 
Ki>o(;r>i|>hit'ul  ponltitit),'.)?. 
tiiiiKii**ii<'  viiriittiitii,  '.'7. 

imiiM'ii  III  PiHTtii  lit-  ht  l*.i'««»Mioii  \ty  riihritlo.  9S. 
ryprt'HH  [tlrtitil,  I{oi4iirio  strnit,  'h12,  .'t6l, '»<;'>,  .vn. 
tlt>Hrr|lt«>il,  .Wi. 
H'tf  nir,  V»4. 

iimrkcil  hy  n  Imoy,  Wl. 
kt>]p.'4il. 
(■ypr«HN  ruint,  !:l%,  \U\.  l;l«*,  IH. 
CyprcHM  Kock,  i;iK.  I  W. 
niinkeii  riK'U  lu-ar,  l.l>4. 

iMlioM  Itftv.  HiM>»l'i«rrtiuil.  ii29.  fk-tl. 

KtMtonil  d*'»frlptii»n.  ''<ii. 
IHiiry,  Siih)mnk.  l'x> 

I'likliiXVivf.  Simla  Ciiliihiiu  Nlttinl.  lU'tcriluMl,  ho. 
All!  honiti*'.  ^". 
fri'^li  wKltT,  HI). 
hiilf'w  I'liNHHKt',  f>IH. 
Mitinitluii,  (it^. 
ni/.V,  i.l'.l. 

•  It-plh  of  \%-Hl4T  fn,f)19. 
iMirreiili.  (il'.». 
l>Hlf'>«  roiiit.  \  AMh  HI  Ulaiiil.  f'liT  TilM 

ih-pthof  wtkUr  otr.  (il-^ 
Ihtllrtt  Hunk,  oir  I'r.il.'clloii  Uliin-I.  \{J,  Ml,  •'.  ^C.  V»i. 
l»,ilrynipl«*,  titf.l,  II.  17. /T.  V». 'i-V  I  ts.  HI,  JH 
iHititi'N  I'anmiiui-,  I'nui't  Sntinil,  fi2ii 

ourrt'titK,  ftJft. 
IK-'er,  H.'IIinKhftin  Ituv   .S72. 
liiMl<Kt%  n»'«d    -'*'*. 
i'A\»'  Foiilwt'utlirr,  121. 
('iiIK*  Uri'ijnry,  ;f.i{.:i'.)6. 
t'iip«<  Mi-oiltHMtio.  :tl2. 
Vtk\n-  San  Martin.  i;il. 
4*H>iu-i»H  i.ainlhik!,  117. 
r«Mt|«-r'"«  Toiiit,  liJ. 
CnVf  s  Itork.  27«. 
KnUtii-*  Itay,  llrt. 
<iriM*iiwiK»il  rrerk.  '2~^. 
iHlaiKl  tif  Hun  Nu'.iltiM.  7r>. 
|*4tliil  LiMint,  I'). 
Miittlh'  Kiimni.n    l9>^,2Ul. 
(tn-HH  Inlainl.  ViM 
<»rfiiril  lt«'*'f.  ;iHO,  -.iKl. 
I*uinl  Arnm,  271. 

17241  re — 43 


[>MnKi>r.  Pnint  <'nr?ni'l.  1.17. 

I'liint  ( 'iiu(t-|Hniiii,00. 
I'lihil  lii-lxuilii.  :iiil. 
I'lliila  <ic<r<lii.  ;!lli'>. 
Mini  KriiiK  'SI  II  liiir.  2(13. 
Sun  1,111:4  llliirtpii  Itiiy,  108,  109. 
Sun  Mi|[ii<-I   'M. 
HuiilH  Uurburn  [slum],  81. 
Snnlu  Ituwi.  '.m. 
'I'riniiliiil  lliiy.  Wl. 
Wlii.liiMk  UiviT. :«!. 
Yui|iiin>i  IIi'uiIh.  II'.i,  120 
Duriy  IhIuikI.  Caimlili'  lluro, .V>7.  572. 
OnviMipfirl'M  l.undiiiK.  l^il 
loi'iilh>n.  151. 

rui-ks  in  'in-  unctioruKC.  l.'il. 
whtirvi's.  I'll. 
Diiviilni.n  iiiHliDrr  .  iirrcni.  ins.  ll'iii.  .isil,  aW,  397.  430,  iW,  tW. 

MhiiliiMl  111  rri's.sriit  City  Ituy.  iViM. 
Diiviil.Hini  Itiuk.  Kiisurio  ■<lniit,.V)'.',  501. 
I»»vi»-^  .^  ('(,.,  clmlt  iiKi-iitM.  't. 
/AiN  .1,  slwiiii-liiiincti,  linfl  iif.  :isf.. 
Pay  Nhinil  \  iiclinmui-,  Tin-  Nurmws.  ran.  fi21. 
I'uy'M  lliviT,  .liilin.  Ciiliiniliiu  KiviT,  li'.2. 
Di'ililmnn  s  Isliinil,  .  ..ii  I'eclrii  lluy,  17.  W,  :»,  111,  41.  42. 
•li'wrilKMl.'W. 
Ki'<turii|>lii<Ml  jioHJti.in.  1-!. 
Iirail  I  rw  IChliii'.   ■'i'. 

twuriliK  ainl  (iistuiice  Irnin  i  'ii\yr  Orfori!  I.ikM,  -WO. 
I  <H|iiilli'  l-oilit.  :IUU. 
Decntnr  IhIiuk).  itnsurio  Slruil,  -ViJ,  .51,1. 

Ki'i'utiir  Iti'i-r,  lii'-tiirutiiin  I' t.l'iln. 

llrii-|ill.ili  Isluml.  K.isurio  Slruil, -Vi:!. 
Ili'ct'ptiiMi  I'u-ss.Slniit  iif  Kiuu.   ill,.').s.s, .'I'JH. .'i99. 
ilemrllitMl.  Sill. 
(•X|ilor»'il..'nil. 
liKlil.V.I. 

ri'i'f  nil  llic  Hnlmn(v.5i'.l. 
I>e('|i-H('it  ^niiiiilinus. '.f.!.  11 1. 115. 
UeiT  I.Hnnnil..V,M>. 
|)«  l'1-r.iili'.l   112. 
I>f liHlH'P  INniit.tih"'. (lis. 111'.). 

|)«-li;u'lu  l'..'iit.  2'.«i.  .".IS.  :li»i.  10,5.  :|1IC.  IKIS.  W.1,  310, .119,  .T21. 
ll.'lUFi.lii  S'llinmrii"'  Vullry.  I'l-.i. 

i;tMii'riil  tli-,-'ri|>ti"M,  :iiri. 
Di'l  Mar.  lull. Iii'iirk  in'ar,<li-s'Tilir<l.2S. 
I>i'nii>.k  I'.. int. mil. 
|)c  M'.mH,.lli-il.  I'."-.  IKi.  Inl.  121, 129, 4:1.1.  4 1 1,4 111.  1.11, 450. 170. 480. 191, 

I'l".!.  Mil.  .517. 
Iirnis  liixk   U.'Suri'iStriiit  .Vkl. 
l>i'|iiirl'iri'  lliiy.r..si,.5s7. 
llesciilis'i  Uiiy.  12. 

|i.'siMii«>.  I', "lit   Mi'\i('0.'l<'..rripti'iii.  12. 
Ills  lli'ilis  Kivr  '..'s. 
hi'si  riplii'iis  III'  liulil-liiiii«i',s.  rnn:-«inniils.liiii»yH.  mill  olIitT  uul«  to 

iirtviKiili'iii   ii*ri-ri'nri',9.  111. 
IVsirrtun.  Nliis  iCin-iiniiiliis  Isliiiiilsl.  14. 
llfslriiitiiin  Islunil,  I'm.  192.  191.195.  I'.iti.  I97,.'ili5, 

lii's.ri I.  I9T 

siiiitlii'ii^l  flirt'  I'ri'i*  fruui  sniiki-ii  rucks, 4'.i7. 
s'/iv  t'.is. 
tl.ll'S,  I9S, 
j              liviriiKriipliv.  19S. 
'               I'lirrri'ls    I'is. 
i  i;,',.>;niplllrul    pii-ill UW. 

hiuKiii'lii'  vuriutlon.  I'i9. 
priipiisi'il  liulil  li'.nsf,  199. 

liittniiK  iiiiil  .listuni'i'  III  Cupi'  liisuppoiiilmcnt.lW 
(Iniv  H  irirlii.i    199 
Ciipi'  l:li/.iil>i'lli.  19 
1  fuiiiill  Met.  199. 

IV\lisCui1iin.i:12. 
Ih-viVstiul.-  l!iHk.-2'.C.!ii<.i.:!ll.:lli5. 
r..iksiii»i'li-"f,:lii'.i 
I  suii'l-'lril'l  uli.liKslii.ri'  iiliri'usi  of, .1119. 

I  niiiiintuiii  siilfssti-i  p  uiiil  llv.'li'ss.:UKI. 

I  iii/.o,;ll2. 

I  iMMUiiiK  I'li'l  ilislHiiii-  fnii"  '"l"'  Mi'niloi'iini  l.iKllt.Sr2. 

'      Pi.vil's  lliMiil.''2.5. 
i  ,|,.s,.nl,i-il.i.25. 

I  ,||.plli,.f  wiitiT..lf.«-,25. 

j  ,.„iirs,.  lliiMiic  lo<>lynipiil.iV2.5. 

i      IK'Vil's  l.ilkf.  r2.5. 


im\ 


s\ 


v« 


Ma^^ 


074 


INllKX. 


1  =1 


1'^ 


.1  r<t 


'ill' ' 


Mi 


1 1 : 


rt.l;ti 


ki 


IVvtl'H  Ijikr  -('iiiiliii iwil 

(liHiHititM'rtMit  Nilri*  Kivrr,  125. 
.li-«.rilKMl.  |i\ 

knlt^^  II  lin  Tri  nt  l.iiUi'.  l^'S. 
|)*vir^  I'ouk,  *«Hnln  I'm/  Uliiiiil.  <l. 

Kliililo  M II   l>>^  -17 

llml.l,.,  I'.iiiil,  ITl,  IT.;.  171,  I7S,  17'."  \t:  Its,  Jlfi,  217,'JI».  ■.'211.  2'.T 

IHjlliln   riiiiil.>«iilii  <rii/  (•.|HI1.I.«I.'<7 

Iiiiii   n 

1)1.  k.MlMi'lilriliir  liivir.  ijiiilhliiiU'  Kivit,  VVt. 

|l|ll..ll  \    Co  .   ! 
I»iim'«  >   «•*.  -yinM'*'"  "'  ''l^ 
ItiniitT  lHltin<l.^tr:iit  nl"  l'iifM,.\V.. 
l»irtM-t..rv  of  Ptiiilir  •'oii.«l.7 
I'lri-.  l.irv  nf  I'll,  illc  D.r.lli     ls.M>.fiH 

|l(».i|il.,.MiliiiiMil.  fnpr.  J  rj    i»:   lit.  |t\  ll'l.  IM.  i-VJ,  IM,  n:.  ««!•.,  4l'.7, 
I'.s.  |i.;i.  171,   17.'.  171    171.  t-l.  Ivi.  I«i.  l'4l.  cri.  -.rt  •■(W,  Vm,  M  I 
■Mi;.  .■i-i7. 
l>i«>-<>viTy  r.lHll.l    Ml .  Vr.  MS.  .Mfi.  V«l.  '.VJ,  W\  W.,  I»7. .%!«(. 
.Ir«<  riUil.  v^< 
ilrtiiurr-*  nrar.  '»-S*l, 

UkIiI  I1..1I-..    M1.SC,M">,  V-<i  V.J.WS.W. 
••Itiliiliiin.  V** 
rlmriul.r  .if  liiilil.  VSl 
Br.  ..II. I  llinil  ..I  VLililllly,  .WO. 
m'.>urii|'li"iil  1'.. -nil. II.  Vtl. 
iiirtiiiifiu-  \  iiri  lit. .11  V.I. 

iMMriii^  itti.)  .jisljiut'  to  \iAfv  lto.-kn  lltf  hl-h.iii^r,  V»l 
l'..li/  II. ...k  lii:lii  li.MiK.'.  .V>|. 
Ni'W  li.iiiKt  ii.H..  l<^lii-ti.iii«t'.%M 

I'ullil  \\iIh..ii  llicllt  lloiiw.  V.I 

A.linirtilly  lli'ii.t  IikIiI-Iiouhi',  ViI. 

lltiii  lliuik.  VM. 

fiirlii.lKr  Itaiik.  \M 

.-iiiiilh  -  l.liiii.l  llclil  hoUM-.  Ml. 

IHiM'l-oii  l:...'k.  •<!>] 

.Silim.n  ll.iiik.  .ViI. 

tilloK.  Wl. 

lilkliiiMl  liy    'kM. 
I>ti»oo\fTy  of  III."  Hhv  of '<rtu  I'mni'iM-'..  'JI7 
lM«<-ov«'ry.  IN.rt.  -'Sr'.  %rj,  Vtl.  VK..  Vr  'vt'.i,  %'.H.iVI.*». 
lii»iicy    r..iiil,.SSS 
IliHtHli.i**   how  f\|»ri.VM'.I.  ■.» 

Ih..  ka^.-ftir  tilt'  iMirl  of  Stii  i*'riiiK  inc.,  ralei*.  *'>M. 
l>..m. yiri.  Hoiiil,  i..f.,  r.:T, 

li.l.  ».  i.-fi. 

Iii;hl  ..n,  i'..'i'.. 
I). .It!  I  r.liir.  im 

oir  IIhv'Iii.  k  liuok.  IKI. 
I>..l|.lilii  I'liiiil    •Ml.  I'.ll.i'lA 

.li'Kri I.  I'll 

tteHriiii;  an.t  iliMtiiii<-«'  from  Italtory  l*njnt,  f.U. 

\Vi-,i  i'.,j.ii  hutitliiiiiiM'.  r.M. 

I'o.flt   I'llll)  ,  Ml. 
an.  lioru((t'.  f".!  I 
•  it'lilli  ..f  uHtrr  oir  Olt. 
I>onif  M..iiiiiniii  IiC 

lu-lKllt.    liC 
I>..|lii  iK.ihl    .i_' 

IK>«  P.iel.l..  LmilIiii);  Sunlii  U.kitiHm  »  Imnnol,  (VI. 
Ih.l  Ho.  k«   I'Hoal  <l.'  Ilaro.  V>s. 
I)..lll.lc<  oi..-  I>...  k,  J«.. 

ni'iir  II.Kk|>ort.  2<jn. 

h.'itflil.  '.>-•> 

<li«lftii<-f  frt.ni  nliorr.  'J*.**!. 
DuiiliU-  \r<li  U.H'k   c.ixu.l.-  II.  ail    I2r,  i.-r,  ».>'j. 

Doillilf  Ullltl    VII   ViTi  VJfi  V.I7. 

I>..iil>l.' h.H.I.  .1  Itoik.  Tillamook  Itay.    I  I'l  II.'. 

Ki'ot;rt.|>lii<-ul  |N.«itlotl    111 
iKilllilr   ll.'.i.l  it..<'k     Tr'lii.U.I  llrji.l.    1  fj    V.l 

liTHriiit;  .('..I  .liHt.iurt*  fniiii  Triiiid.i.l  llKlit-hotiJie,  33*2, 

fititlniici-  from  Kliorr.  'tTJ. 

■I«f.  IIJ 

0.-|.tli  of  u'aliT  nr.iiiii.l ,  TCJ. 

loiiikcm   ro.  k  nrar,  .1.1.', 

Koulil.-  I'.-ak     M.«li li-a.rilM.1,  I.'. 

Koiililf  I'.. int.  I'.'J.  I'jl  Jii', 
.IpmtiI.i'.I,  t'.i:l. 

lM*iiniitj  itii'l   ll.it)ui.n-  from  llalU'n.u*  I'oliit,  I'^l. 
roik^.:"Kr      '  i. 
til  I  till  I.  r.c. 
Doiil.lo  Point.  .  ^». 


U.Mil.l.'  I!...k.:li'.i 

.li>t<iii. .  Ir..iii  >liiiri'.  Wi 

Hi'ii  I  loll  liiiik..li>i 
iin.l  iM'tlilnt;  fr..m  t'oiii.itl  l.'o-  k    ll>i 

r...  k«  li.irili'r  till- Hh..r.' t.i  Mii-.<i'l  I  I'.liti'     l"i 
I>..iil.l.-  Ito.  k,  ■.;.' 

l.i'iiiflit:  nil. I  .liHlitni-i'  rr..m  l.'..^ii('  Uimt,  17-' 
|l.iilt:lii!«  IhIiiii.I   I 'hi. Ill  .Ir  lliiro. ''.'i7 
l>..iii;la>.  M. .111.1  V.7 
Ih.iitilily   I'. .11. 1    v.. 

Dnlk.'.-iir  I'riii.  iH,  .  ili.,|    |i',,  I'.ll,  I'd,  ly7,  J'fJ.  .'17,  2H.  .'71,  li.i    :., 
Uruk.'  -  liny    |..«   |i.l  ill.  I'll. 

•>\/>;  I'll 

aililiillon.  I'KI. 

i>ll..ri'  Hill'.  V» 

iiti.'lioriitti'.  i'>-'l 

«w.  II.  I'll 

m«li  II.  I -4  f.  .1'  iipproiirliliit;  I'.H 

li.l.'..  I'll 

i  'oitHt  Hiir    f\  *Iiilt.iii    I'll 

Ki-..t:rii|>lii.'iil  poHilion   I'.il. 
ii.iiKiM'l..'  X iirtiitioii,  l'>l 

S|.iiiii.4li  iiikm.-«.  I'.ii  I'j*. 

llniKon  <  liillilli'l.    IM.  :l'il,  MX': 
nhlllltioll.  :l.\l. 

wlillh   :m 

li  ii>;tli,.ivi 

not  ri'.-oiilliM'n.lr.l,  '<M 
llrati.pii  IJoik-    111   vM,  r.l,:!,-|.',  JM  V.7 

luiiii.'  lor  *»!   li,-..ri;i''..  It«'«'l,  ^S-' 
[ini\t..ii  ll'irlior.  *  Julf  of  ^^»•o^ulll.".7^..''>7<i. 

.ti-.tiii.i'4>  from  llir.li  r.iinl,'i71 

»  liiini.  I*'r  ol  Hli..r.'  Ion'.  ■%7A. 

ilrplli  of  wjiU'r,  .'i7i'. 

I.ii.iy  III  fill  run.  r  t.i   "»7i« 

fMiliiit;  .liri'.  II..IIII,  %7i'. 

Ii.li-.  '.77 

.li-.ov.-iy  ..I  .'.77 
|lrn>  Ion  1'.i«»,ik.-    I'mrrl  S<iiln.l,  I'.JI.  «2n. 
Iiritii:''* ' '..\.-   '>aii  rli'int'iili'  l"lan.l.  7J.  73. 

.I.'.,  III..  .1.  .1 

anrhoriit;.  .  71 

ro.k-   71 

/);  llin^'l.r.  .</,   Ntllp.   |l'/.. 

l>lickill.ii.*  UlviT.  tiVy 

liiiiii.'  I'.. lilt  '.".i,  r>.  II..  17.  IS,  'HI,  vs  *i. 

Huiih'  (..».•.  41'.,  !'>.  I'l. 

.1.*  riU  .1.  I'l 
Iniiiiaii.  .  11.  .1,  M'',  M'l. 
linn,  nil  H  llii\  ,  >'<ii,  iji|,  inl'J. 
tnin.  an'.*  I.11111I1111:.  '2^1.  J^'4. 
Innii-an^  MilU.  'i.'.l 
IiuiM.iii  l!o.  k.  Ml.  M'l  M7  vji. 
lliliiK.-ii.-Hx  lii»>  .  Ni'iv.  M.".!.  Ml. 
iMiiitiriit'N*  ItiviT.  DniiKt'in'^'*  Hay,  S^*.!. 

fri'«li  ivat.r.  V--I 

•  ll..!.-  ..(.   Mil 

Ilil'.l/i'  II I.  Vuni-oiiv.  r  Uliin.l,  M'.. 

Iliinlri'  Ho.  k    M  1.  M  ..  '..'1. 

l«Hiliii;  an. I  .li-lai..  .'  fn.m  r.tl.i.i-li  l-lan.l  liKlltlioiisc,  '.I''. 

ili'liili  of  t«  itt<'r  iiroiin.l,  M''. 
lni«fWiillijt.4  l;t\i-r.  I'fci'i, 
I>iiti**^or  u'liarlintfiT   i.tl 

Dull. n.. fill.'  |K.rI->varileiiiof  "^nn  Krain  I-m'o.  f.« 
Inniiiml.li  Hay.  itt'i.  r"i. 

-i/i-.if,. 

I'htraii'  «■  t.i.  I'."*'.. 

Iiarl...r  ..f  -.•nttlc.  l'»«".. 

Ii>.lr.>t:ra|>liy  "f.  ''''* 

li.l.«.  >»i» 

known  If.  l;ll|..ir«  l!a>  .  '»'■> 
iMiwaiiil-li  III*. 1. 1  '"."7  'I" 

iN'iirlni,'  iiii'l  .lialiinii'  I..  Iliill.ry  I'oiiil,  i'*i7 

\Vi-..l  I'.. ml  IikIiI  lloilK',1'1117. 

«lior.--llin-,''.o'> 

.li'l'tli  ..f  ualn  .>lV,i<H 
lliiw.inil.li  liivir.K".  «"«. 

.1...  ril.r.l.'«l'< 

i-'.iil  anil  iron  al.HiK.  f."'* 
Duvliiiry  I'oiiil   l'«i  I'll    M.'  -"''1 

lii'.irlllit  an. I  .Imtiin.i'  fr'.m  ll.ill.'nat  Pollll,l»2. 

•(■■iicril>eil,l'J'i 


Ihiiliiiry  rniiil    ('mitiniMMl. 
r.rf.  IT.' 
mil  litlMlKi'.  r>- 

i.iiiit.  r.c 

lunlmry  U.Tf,  l'fJ..ir..Jii'.>.  210,211,  jm/Jly/ril. 
iMrnv   .1l'> 
(litirilii'.l  Jir. 
coiirrtt'  lui'l  for  Ihc  whitilini;  huoy,  Jti't. 

itiiiiii  Hlitp  t  liiiniif'l.  '_1)'i. 
liotii't.i  I'liiiMiii'l. '.Hi:,. 
hrHriliu:  iukI  •liHtuncf  tu  whittltir,;  Iturty,  2't.'» 

riiiiui  -III]...  luitin*  I  Jiin. 

TfniH'HHcr  «  o\  ('.  3ift. 

I'liilil   IJcvr-  li^'l.l■lllm•^l•,2(l^. 

llinilili'  r I.'JIIS 

llillliMiu!<  l'Minl,'J<>'. 
Ilnxl.iirv  Uii.f..1>r.. 
r.ilhl  ll.iiiclii,  IikIiI  lioiinr.'JOfl. 
Ihi'  n  liilrl,  i'nrt  Dnhiiril.  idis 
lP>ki'  I'liinl,  Ml  Niil  Ii.l«iiil,h2.'. 

i:. 

IjikIo  Cm'k,  I'lirt  I)i'M'OMTy,'>.H. 

KIHxl  HIM  ItoriiKi'. '•'tl. 
I':rkI«i:I>'m  liiilrh.  IMi 
K»kIi-  Miirlior,  lliiiiilii  i>li;<-  iHlHiirl.iVir., fHK). 

-i/i'.i.ii'j. 

.Iipili  ..r  wntiT  iiLfi!'.!. 

•.iiiliiia  .liri'i  ii.ii.H  for  r.iri. 

I'.UkIi'  Uluilil.  I'llKI't  S^.llllll.fi-I. 

^riK'nil  tli"^rri|iliun  of,  (l.'l. 

ilrplli  of  wiitrr  iiroiititl.  li'.'l. 
K.irl.  I.uki'    il-v  I'.H 
IjlhI  llrotlii'r  lii{lil-lloii'<o,  ir,2;w. 

Nitiititioll,  2.{<.>. 

ilmmrlir  of  Hulil, '.'W. 

liinil  of  \  i«iliilily,2:l',i. 

Ki'otfrupliiiiil  |M»Hitioii,  iP.t, 

InikUlH-lh-  viinitlion.  ~l:t. 

Ix'Briiii;  mill  ilislmin-  to  I'oiiil  Pinole,  Il'l. 

whiirf  Hi   -'HCl  tilM'hllll.'JP.l. 

Ki-.l  Ui.ik.2f,i. 
< 'Hiiro  I!...  ki  .J'l'i 
Sontliiirii|<li>n  ■^lliml,  M'J. 
AllK*')  liiiitlil/J.!'.'. 
><l«l.'rM,  2:i'.l 
fo(r-w)li«tle,2;l^. 

wlu'ri  iliHiitiloil  li  lifll  in  ^trilrk,2:Ut. 
EaJll  Kill!  iiin  horiinr,  Siiiitu  <  ril/.  Ulniiil,  i|.  "^T. 
Ijislirit  /.i(/^i(,  "Inp.  I'lTi- 

l''.MMiliikr,  lHiiiliii^.:U'J. 

l-'uitlilkr   SIoiikIi.   t.'J. 

l-MUl  I'oilll  of  Sin  l.ilH 'llilHpo  liiiv,  IIW. 

Iii-nnnt;  'iiiil  illilntii-i'  from  Wlmler  Nliiiul,  t'W. 
KiKl  I'oilll.  Smilii  KoHii  liliiml.  -'.i.  '«i.  '.H,  '.i-'. 

iltittK*'!*.  ''I- 
Kiinl  I'oilll,  SHrnliii;ii  I'lmiKiji'.  "»'  i"! 
KiiHi  Uoi  k,  tvv  :rrj 

!«i/f,  tv'i 

l.rriiki-r    •..^^ 

liriiriiiKi  iiiiti  cliiliinifH  fron ii;lil>tiruiK  roi  kn.  :IV>, 

ili-|illi  iif  wiih'r  uroiiiiil,  .'t-Vv 
I'.lwy'ji  LiiiiillUK.  Ailiiiirally  lleiiii,  V«i 
ICioliiCrirk.  US.  III'..  Il'.l. 

known  111  l:ik  I  'ri-i'k.  ll'V. 
EiUt  ll.-.k,  I'orl  \ni{ili-",.V.'7,'.2'J. 

ilfHi'rilM'il  .'t/T. 

frrHJi  \viilrr.%.'7. 

Hailing  .liri-rlloti'*.  "i',*?. 

llKlll-lioii.r.  ^:'l.  V.'ii.  "CT,  Ml  -il.%.  '.H,  'i."!!  ,.\'>2. 
ilrMirilii-il,  rijs. 
uri:iiiil  llmll  of  vi»lliilily.'i2.s. 

KroKnipllii-.ll  pi. 1111011., -ijs, 

niiiKni'l'i'  viiriiilliin,  \2f*. 

iM'tiriiiK  iiii'l  illHliiiuT  from  stripi'il  I'l-iik,  .'^■''. 

I'lniit  AnKt'li  i.'»27. 
fuK-niKil'^'.''^'^'** 

ilrsirilMil,  W1. 

iH'nrliiK  hihI  ill!.tan.i'  to  I'illm  I'l.int  vjv. 

Uila.l.l.ih   M.iii.l,V_'<. 
ItHi'r  lilaii.l  I.kIiI-I.oii.v- 
bm.y  otVCrcsi-i'iit  Hay  li 


INIIKX. 


fiTf) 


52S, 
,K,-k.52M. 


KiliA  riiiok,  I'orl  \ii_-i.|i.,    riiiiiinueil. 
fou  Niuiial,  '.-'s    (  oiitinili-il. 

IniiriiiK  an. I  iliitaim'  In  KiiiiiiinHU  llKlit-li<>UHC,ri2X. 
Vli  ti.ria  lii>lil-hoi|ii-.."i2s. 
Port  IliM.'.iv.TV  liulit-liiiuiio.  Vjx. 
New  Duiigciiuift  ligUt-lluU9L',5^8. 
Killlll  I'oilll. 211  211,21'.. 
KilniilM.I  Point, I'lil:'., 

la-ariiiK  aii.l  iliiliin,  r  friini  Piiint  No  I'nliil.  mil. 

West  Pollll  lil;lll-lli)imi-,l'.(l.'l. 

ili'iiTllii'il..j.:i 

.li-ptli  1.1  WatiT  Ili.iA'l. 
Ki'l  Uiv.r.  Ll'to, .'.2l..lMi. 

ili^l.iii.i'  In. 1. 1  »'iipr  l"orliiniii,T21. 

I  api'  MiMiil. .lino,  321. 

liar  ilrri.HH  niniitli.  o2l. 

iMitrmii'i-  narrow.  ;!2I. 

ill  |.tli  ..f  waliT  on  tl.c  liar,  ^122. 

lraili..i.'-in  in. irk.  ,12 J 

ili'plli  ..r  w  .lir  al.rvimt,  .122. 

In. Kill  ,.r,   l-j. 

Ili.l.ilii  iianii*.  ,122. 

wlii'ii  .liHi-oviTi-il.  .'[22, 

liiii.y  at  till'  iiilnin f,  :l?J. 

I>l  Itiver  Viilliy.  :i2i. 

I'*l  Ciiinil  lU'  Santa  Itarliarii.  r.i'..  M 

Kl  Ciixo  niu'liiiniui',  Santa  llarl.ani  ( 'Imnnel.  til.  1*15. 

ili-n-rilirtl.  111,  t'/i. 

ki'lp,  I'.-v 

KroKraphiral  poMition,  '2>. 

niai;iii>tir  variation,  t'lTt. 
Kl  Coxo  V.illvy,('.2,  r..-!. 
Kl  .1.11.1.  Point,  l.Vl,  l.'.l.  r,'.>.  iri.'i. 

hriakiTi.  iM. 

la-arini;  iiinl  iliatanir  to  Point  I'iiioi  llKlit-lnnnio,  l.'^l. 

I'oilll  Anc.  .Nncv..  foy  H  liMlr.  1.10. 

iiiast  to  Point  ,Vni.  Nurvo,  l".l. 
Kl  Morn,    llia.liii.iii  1  lilan.l  .  ;I7, 'ii. 
Kl  I'.ixo.   I'l'X  .  II. 
l;i  I'll,  lilo  ill'  1.1,1  ( 'an. .111,  '.7. 

Kl  I'lli'l.lo  .li-  N.ii'ilniSf.-ionl  .li'  loi  AiiKcli"*  '  l.os  Alit5fli'B),44. 
Kl  P.iiTto  .!.■  San  Miu'iit'l   San  Ilii'Bo  Hay.,  2t'.. 
l'"l  Kiinnn  iMnl.iiri'iiili-ro.  fti. 
KM  li.li't.  Piiiji'l  Si.nnil.  .;2i'.. 
Kl.l  lilan.l,  llray  1  llarl.or.  1x2. 
Klk  I'ri'rk.  '.'71.  IH'..  .'n.'.. 
KIk  I  nek.  111'.. 

nam.-  I'or  ICi-ola  Crt'i'k.  II''.. 
Klk  fri'Pk.  (  lii-lialii  Kivir,  W. 
Klk  Moiinlaili.  111.  tl«,  I'.Hl. 
Klk  Hive-,  :12H..'177,a'«.'S, 

wi.llli  aii'l  ili'plli  of  iiioiilli,:l77. 

nit.n.'.i  for.  t7i 
Klk  Hiiir.  (ir;i.\'i  lliirl.or.W2. 
Klk  V.illi-y.  I'm, 
KUi'iiiliiiriil.    1711. 
Kllli'i-  Poiiil.  IV.i.  liJI.  |i'.2,  l.'ki. 

|-.llliior.  M t,  I'.J'.i.  1.:!.'.. 

KUi'.t  Point.  PoiM'iiion  Soiiinl.  riiji).  (Wl. 
KlIiollH  Hay.  iiiiini'  lor  limmiiiiih  Hay.  OTJ. 
Kli/.«.  Krunrimo  .li-..'vV..,  '.'.'..  ■'.7ll.  .'.72,  '.7'... 

Kli/ll.  lilllf  of.  'if' 

Kli/ii  liliin.l.  I!i.*iri..  Stniil,  M'^t,  •'■)7I,  -172. 

.li-.ril.i-.l,  ".72, 

1I....1I  .111,572, 

Kooil  liarlior  niMlr,  "2, 
Kli/al>.lli.  Capi'.  ivi.  I'm.  I'. I.  I'.i2,  1117.  1110. 
KInia.  t'lirliali-  Uivir,  lil. 
Khvha  Hunk.  .■>27, 

ili'plli  of  w.ili-r  on.  '.27. 
l:lwlia  Itivrr.  'VJi'. 

kikhI  pla.i-  to  ii'iniv  fn-ili  whUt.  W7, 
Km...'.,  linii,  I'.l 
Knipii'«'  Illy,  ''I",  ■l'-'-''.  ■''■'''• 
l\in'.'iip,ili  liliiti.l  .  \nai-apil  lil;iinl>.  si, 
lOnnliil.  Hay.  Hnrniril  Inlot,  .'.■*:l. 
Kiisi-imilailiSan  ,\n.ln-.  San  Pi-.lro  Hay.  .17.41. 
KiiK'rprii.'  I'lianni'l.  Vain'onviT  lil.iml.  .Vm 
Kiiti-rpriii- Iti-i'f,  V.tivr  I'aii.'.s'.. 
I'.nlriin.  r  lilaml.  ■'isi'.. 

l.mrk^  .ippn.arl.fs  lo  N.inaiino  liarlior.  r..sfi. 
Iii'parturo  llay.SSii. 


i  1'^  k! 


f  ■ 


mn 


'ii> 


i 


■iMitmp 


r,7(] 


INDKX. 


r:m 


M 


.,(' 


I 


I'ntriiiii't'  Nliiriil     ( 'oiilinunl. 

lllttil  luiii«i-  ".:».  ■■».'.  Mil  •rtft.Vtft. 
t  ItiiriitiiT  i»r  liKlit.  ^^'' 
i>r.  iiimI  ImiiiI  ..f  vMI'IMIv    VXA 

Ur*»t£rH|i)lt<  III    iHMIltillM.   .%^l 
IIIHUIK'lll     \  lirirtttlMI,   '»'«'• 

Ix-iiriitK  iitiil  iliMlikitii'  tiilSitiil  \lktti<*(in  tii;hl-htiiiM*,  %'<it. 
Niirlh.HiiM,)  llfit<lliKlil-ll<illw,%'«'i 
(Mtliriiilik  lii'vb,  MO. 
Kiitrv  l.f.lniv  Viinfotivrr  UIhiuI,  M-l. 
y.tir.  M.Miiil.  V.l   Vl.V  Wl,  VVI. 
K.MNinilHhi  KnilroAtl  ■>* 

yjn>tki\n  h'l 

rjM)iillniill  M.irlxir.  Vitiii'tMivi'r  IfllikDil.  MA,!VH4, 
ill".,  rilir.l   M>. 

r..«>ki«  in  11 iitrmi.-v.  .Mrt. 

colli  inltM'.*  til  till*  li-ml  tir.  Mrt. 

htllil  li.iiiw  .•i."<.  Ml..vr  ;VB,.M6,»2,I«5. 

nltilllllnii.  '.t(i 
ilo-irllH-.l.  ">«f. 
•  Imrii.l.  r  of  IikIiI.  M'. 
HTi-  iiimI  limit  .ir  vtailiility,  S47. 
|{e..Kni|)lii.'iil  iNimtliiii    '.47 
known  ii«  l-'i«uiii.l  I  itflit.  "^47. 
ulii-n  ^itflilP.t.  MT. 

UHi-fiil  111  ii|<pr.Hi.'liiiiu  \"i>  loriii  Htirhor.  ^47. 
briiniiK  .iii'l  >ltnUii.«  to  itix'i'  Nhiii.l  UkIiI  ImilM-.  M«. 
|;<I1/  lliNi.1  hijlil-h.iii^.  M^ 
Ni'M  l>iiiii{i'iu*«*  lik:ln-limi«i..  %W. 
rnint  WiUiii  liKlilliiiiiiir.  Ml*. 
I'.irtrliliiP  I'oint    Mi 
(•inith  •  Nlitii.l  IIkIiI  lluilKC.  M* 
Trial  lulitlid,  M9. 
tl.lm.  M7 
[■*«if>r.i  ill-  t'nrplnti'rta,  Kef. 
Ijiuto-  IIhv,  ll.V 
.IffM'rtlM'il.  1 1.%. 
liyilr.>fc:riililiy.  1 15. 
.liintfiT*    1 1''. 
Kuliroi  I'.iinl.  11^.  IJS.  l;a. 
KuKi'iii-  lily,  US. 
KiirrkH.  :il«   «t.  rv.'7.  %■». 
riiiii-rBli..l|N.:EiV. 
tide..  IJT 

Bi'iticriiiiliuiil  |M»»itlnii.  TC9. 
niiitftii'Iip  viiriAti.iii.  'IJV. 
Riiri*kii  >l.iiii:li.   ^-~  * 

KviiiiH  IS. tut.  Tilt'  N'lirrnw*.  f<\% 
I'viiin  li.K  k    Til.'  Nurri.w..  1W». 
Kv.r.  It    .  iI.mI    4JI1. 
I'.u'lnu  l!;irt"ir,  'T7T. 

i,»in.-for  l'..ri  iirforil.  :C7. 
r/tiK  II  .ii.Ml.  Ifil 
f  „..,.).  •h.K.n.T,  .-.M 
lixi>lonili!i;\|N-.llti..n.ltr.|    tW   I'l  »M.  (V,   (iVI.  K..1  «f.9,  |xr.,.Vil.  VTJ. 

.Ml  UJ  VK.  .VV".  '»'■>'.  570.  '>*.!.  VJ7.  iy>i, Mil.  net.  (•i\ 


K»irtmvi.ri  l!«y   llplliiii{hkiii  Il«y.^71. 

^:imhI  liHrlMir  -'.71 
h'mrway  l '1iiiiiih'I,.'i*7. 

iimrkiMl  liy  Imoyn  ^K7. 

•l.'lUli.if  « liter  %H7. 

aiirliorHK.*".  '»*'7. 

CMirrciit*  'i*7. 

riM  k*  '."7 
Kill. .Ill   I  i<|M-   4<n  lil  lir.ti:.  ll^.«4<°>,4<9.«SO,«Sfl. 
K«l...ii  ll.H'k   <»|-   I'nlioiiHJ,  li:i. 
K»liiM.iilli  Mmiil   I'.l  IM,  im. 
y,tlm„uih    i.l....|>   IM. 

Ki»l~-  li«v   ir,  l7.-.'7.  J<.:«i. 
KhIm- I  nil-  :rjii 

iiiinii'  for  <  H|H.  KiirtiiiiMA.  12n. 
F'liU.- <  H|«-  U<H  k.  rji.ii.'l. 
KxU.'  Klmiintli     II.' 

inoiilli  of  WiU.h  al'rrrk.^in. 

no  ..afi-  iti.fliorjiKc.  il  1. 

iniHlHkiMi  Tor  iiioiilli  iif  Khiiniith  Klvfr,343. 

riK'ky  inl.'l  oil.  Ill 

liy.lr..Kriii.liy  ..t!.  HI 

i-.m«t  lint*  ii.>nl)wi4r<l  frniii  .113, 

•  laiiKcril.  M4. 


Viilw  Kliimiil  lit '.ivr.. 11.1 
I'lilv  Kliiiii.illi  ll.i.'k     III.  III. 

iM'iiriiiK  itii.l  .lutiin.i'  rrtiiii  l 'rt'i«|.|'lil  t'lly  IlKllt.HIX 
ItiKky  I'oliil,  III. 

Knipriil  i»|i)M'iiriiiii.i..  .U.'l 

fl/i'.  II I 

ilmintroii..  ro.  ki  1m  Iwii-n  it  Mini  tin-  iiliur<\.'ll'l. 
I'llUf  I'oliil    I 'I  .J...   ^1 
I'Miiny  iilioiil   Jlk't 

liiriillon  litilil  lion«. .  1 II,  IW,  Kill,  177. 
I'liriilliMit'i  IM 

I'Hritl loll  iiii.l. III.  i>lrl.'<illl.'«l|, 
l-'Hriill.<ii.  11. -nil  i«li>t.'.*ii|.'Jii-J. 

I'lirHll..!!.  •niiiiii'iKi  inifi.  I'C  an. 

riirmlltiiif".  (.iilf  of  111,..  7,  111.  f.7   l«l. 

Pli.iif/,  1.,./.  «iirvi..Tiiiu  lirlu,  7.itl.  «".\  I'.rJ,  I'JH,  Ml,  ■'Wt.  .Ml,  Wl,Vi7, 

ft"  '.71.  '117.  r*ts, 
KniintliriiyCivt'.  r.iw<.|i«l.iii  S.iiiiiil.i'il2, 1'.l.l. 
•Ii..t.-  liiH.i.l.'.i'.l  1. 

fri-ill   IViltiT  At'.'l'«Mllll|..lll:{. 

ili|.tli  of  MHlir  oir.  I'll  I. 
rililiillt.r..>  It.itk.   III'.    II7,.IH. 

II  hi.l.li.ii  iliiiiut-r  in  ti|.)>roiii'hiiiK  Tri'mviit  4 'ily  iiiK'liorHKi*,  i4»- 

■  lp|.lli  of  wiiH-r  iir.iuii.l.  llrt, 

|iH«Mii|{t..\viiy  .■!!  t'llln-r  Ni.li.,  :tlA. 

t-anti  rii  *iilf  [iri-f.-rrt-.l    till 

l.lloy  I  Umf  1...   lit.. 

U-urlii);  mill  dlalibiirt-  from  lltiiiti.l  It...  k.  M4I 

FHIt'ltni  I1..1U  It.Kk.  :UC 
4'ri.M.iMil  I'lty  IlKllt-lmilw,  'Wt 
NMiiili'r  Uliiiiil    lin. 

foul  Kr.iiln.l  .  toiK-  tti,  .111*. 
rHiiiiili.i<.,i  It.K'k.  :ii:i..lli. 

iM'HriiiK  Mii.l  .iiitiiiit'i'  I'roiii  llulit'lioimr,  313, 

tlr).tli  t.f  \i  lit.  r  on  iiinl  Mroun.l,  .W'A. 

ruiiufn  for.   11.1. 

Itrt'iikirH.  .11  I 

|N.«-iiliHrlly  of.  11.1. 
f'.iioril.i,  Inirk.  1  1^. 
f'lll.irl'.i.  uliip.  J|.*. 
I'riirlf"»  11.. rk.  T.i« 

..iiiikrn  lotk.  "fit. 

bi'Hiintj  iiiitl  tlliliint.|.  friim  I'om^II  Point.  198. 
Ku<>»  IIVHil.   fM. 
ffKlliir  l{lvi'r.J4<. 
r.-rKuion'*  I '. .VI'.  'Ifu  , 

r.riiiiii  I'oliil.  .".I.  ll,.Tfl.T:,1.i.  ;l9.«<l.4.i,  II,  n, 
l-'i'iii  1  ovi-  rolvo*  l*a(v.m|ci',  tils. 
^'<  I II. /../'.  •Il'illnl-r,  Jfi'.i 
i'Vrrrlti.  ll»rtoloiin\  .  Il.il.  II.  Vi.  M,  ^7,  f.^S.  7li,  Mil,  HM,  91,  'JH,  I4'.',  1  .1, 

!«l.  Jirj.   •i-    iVI,  TA.  Il'.i,  TJI. 
Ki-irrlo.  <  «|.i..  r.11.  -M,  W  I111    M,  iliXl,  *17. 
I'trry  I'nliit.  (iiihriolti  lulillitl,  V«l. 
Ki.lnUo,  sbU  iitl.ir.  1  iteil.  17".  '.I".'. 
I'nlitlll..  Riy.  •-.! 

liKlit  on  norllii'iwl  poliil,  :><H. 
k£founi|>liiriil  |N.tlllli.M.  Vil, 

lltllil  on  •..iitli.'rn  |.oiiil.  Mil. 
Kt'oKrii|.lii.'Hl  [.....llion,  VII. 
Il.liiln..  Muii.l    ll.H.ii,ioSlriilt..Vil.  -.«,  W1,  (Xn, 

.l.-a.  rlU'il    'it'l. 
Ill-l.l  II  l.iiii.lliiu.  t..''..  I-". 
I'm  ■(."  k.  imiiit.  lor  Aroli  l{.>.  k,  Lnl. 
Kiii.l.r  II...  k    'tl 
Kiii.lliiy   tititl   I'l  '".7,1V. 
Kill'  Ik.iiIii    InirlM.r.  lil'l. 
I'lri'  llill    an. 

hi'lKliI,   «>4. 

iliHliin.i'  from  I'l.lnl  l>i  lu'K.lii    '\^. 
li"HHi.l  iHlnn.l    Viiii.-oinir  IhIiiii.I.  .Mfi. 

Fi«k  -Mill  l'ov,..■J^'.'.■;>il 

iM'iirliiK  iiml  .linliiii.i'  from  '-»1'  I'oint, 2C1. 
ile.i  rilN-.l   -111 
H00.I  iiHtfr.  -lit. 
no  .liinifi'rN  '.t,! 
miniiin'r  iiin-liorilKi'.  i^lil. 
niiHiriiiK  IlliCH  '.'til, 
ki  !|i  jni 

<li'|illi  of  wiili'r  -til. 
Ii..tt..m  '.'lil. 
\  iMnKt'  iii'Hr.  '.'1.1. 
KIhIi  Hock  l.nliillliK.->VV 


il. 


;il,  r>i;i,llM,r 


itiu-li(irHK<'.  •<'■ 


liiiiisi',  :W' 


w.  91.  '.I'*,  ii?,  r.i. 


IMU'.X. 


677 


I'l.li  riii.k-  IfA.'.w.  ■.•I-  '.Tn. 

IwHriiiK  iiimI  iliHliini  I'  friiiii  lliiviirn  Vin  li"n»K«.'Jii«. 
I'liliil  \n'iiii.:i>>>. 
'    Mitvi'ii'M  Ni'tk,"Jii»i. 
iil>.i-/.i.n. 

liriHi'ilM  vi'KwN  fnini  iiiirlliwi'"!  hliuvs,  Jc'jO. 
ki'lp.-'mV 
ili'pti)  of  wilier  lit  »r. '.'■'•'i. 

iHltllilll.'.'i'i 

KhlitTiiiuirt  Huy,  Jf.-*, 
riKlirrniiiir"  lliiy,  llimil't  <'iiiml.i>H 
I'lnlll'llllllir"  <'tni',  l'« 

ri«iiiTiiiiiiri I  civi', i-.iiiiiiii>  I  "M    U'li riiii.i  :'i, hh. 

mirli"r»K>-,'«i. 
lisliiTiiiiin  "  llurlmr  ■  I  i'<liiriMuii'i<  I  "vi'   7s. 

l.llllMUH  I    Ci\f.Tt. 

KiillhiK  Hank.  IhII.  |U 
Klvi' l«l<l",  ITl 

Klvf  Mill-  IIckIiI,  '"i.  '11.  '■'■-. '•''■'• 
Klvi'-Mili'  r..liil,  :i'.'-'. 

illKlniKT  fri.ni  1  ikihIIIc  Hivrr.  D'.iJ 
ili'Ki  rll'i'il.    ''•■'. 
riK'k  .ill.  :!'.iJ. 

•li.iri'-liiM-  iiiirlliwiiri),  W.'. 
KliililKiiii  "  "  luirf,  rjii. 
Kliil.  IliK,  :«»•..  :«H-.. 
I'lHl.Hiiiuliv'K,  in.lll'i. 
Klin.  Siiiiiii»li.  :«»•.. 
l'liil«.  Ni».|iiiilly.ip;n. 
I'liil  r.iint,  I  IT, 
KlHt  lllui'k  Itoi'k.  :w\. 
Kill!  U.i.k.vrJ.  :UI. 

illHliiii.f  fr.iin  I'rliioniT"'  lIo<k.:V« 
U'lirliiK  iiii'l  ili»iiinri'  frniii  'I'rlnlilinl  Heixl,  WJ. 
R  Hiinkrn  I'lrk  tiritr.  :i!': 
lll>|itli  tif  wiilt-r  uniiilnl.  ■^'>-. 
Iiiw  riK'kN  til  tlir  iiiirttirih.Ht,  :t:t'J. 
KlRt  Ui..k,  .17 
i.iu'.:il7 
•IIMniiir  fri.iii  HbII'tv  ToIhI,  .17. 

.Hl.'illnli.iut  K.il'U,    lt7. 
whtirf.  'tt7 
Khil  It...  k  .IV. 

iM-iiriiiK  nil. I  .liHliiim.  fr..iii  Wliiili'  Uink.Wi.'N. 
Iiilntil,  .liplli  .if  wnl.T  iir..iiinl,  IV. 
Fliil  ll.Mk.l'iii..'  Kli/iilMtli.  IKl. 

l.rcHk.  I'.M. 
I'lul  l{.nk.:M(. 

.lo«.ri'.<-.l.:wi. 
I'lnl  r..|.  Ii.liiii.l«.  ■>"«. 
Klatlrry.  <-iip.'.  I'i.  :lM.:l|i.  WW*,  ••'l.   H<,  I'.ri.  1%.  I'.W,.VH,  S.i: 

.M.'.  .'>li'...VJ<l.  VJI. 
nulliTy  lt...'k...Mlf.,''»'..'*iT.MW..'.l''.  ■•.17. 

in  r.iiilfiify.Bi.U  I. .1111.1  fr..iii  Stmil  i.f  Kuiii."*"*. 
il€.wrilK'<I..MiH. 

livitrliiK  I'liil  "IIMnni-.- 1..  Ciii..-  "rfor.l  llulit  li..uw. ««). 
('ii|..'  |ii.iiii|...iiilim'iil.'"y. 
(nil.. II  l-.l.-t.'»'i. 

Tiii.K.'.ii  luiiii.'i  iiKii(-ii..ii»o.ri(py 

('ii|H'  llottle  li«lll  liimmVoy. 
iminiK  ti.r  !Mll 

niiiit  Kill'  1.1  <'ii|M'  IMiilliry.'il". 
Klliit  ll...k  llc.i<l.;Ul. 

Bi/.V    111. 

tlintuii.-.'  fr.ilii  wli.»ro.:Ul. 
riH'ks.iii  all  nl.l.'s.lll. 

Klori'i .liiwn.ttri'K.'".  1'"'- 

Kl..r.»<'ri'i'k.  !•<.< 

.linlaiiit'  fi.'iii  <  a|..'  Orfiir.!. .'WH. 
Kli.rf".  1  ak.-.  :i>'.i 
Klniii.'..vill.'.  Vilhn;.'.  '.'T.!. 
Fhin<:i  /)..i,.)...i...liii.,  I'.m. 
KoHBLM  111.'  I'a.  111.- <'>mJ«l. -11. 
tircMtlftit  ill  BiiiiiiiitT,  -;il. 
.•nil*.'..  ..f.  ■J.'ll. 
|M-.-uliiirilloH  ..f.  '2V2. 
Kug-aluliul,  .\illvi'  l'a»H.  ^•<\ 

Al.aira/  l..lan.l,  l<I. 
AiiK<->  Ixlan.l.  Kl. 
All..  Niit'vii.  I.Vi. 
K.h/  H....k.^2». 
Fori  I'.ihil.  177. 

liuiiibuuit  iiKiit-iioiim'.  :as. 


M". 


K..K  nlt-iial.  I. nil.   I'..iiil.  177,  171.  171. 

N.'\.'    IlllllUIMl.'HH,  Ml  . 

M..iiliiia  I'l.iiil.  IV.,  11.11,  171. 

I'lKl'l.ll  I'liilil.  IVi. 

I'l.iiil  11.11. lilt.  171. 
I'.. Jul  r,,ii<'.  i.i'liiii,  1.7. 
I'.iiul  l!.'Vi».  I'.i7. 
i'..iiii  It., I. ill... I..  I'.l.'i. 
I'l.iiil  H  11-..1I.  r.;i7. 
Sii.illii'a-I  I'.iralli.ii.  'JO). 
Tiil....sli  lilaii.l.r.n. 
'Iill.iiiiii..k  Itiii'k.  IIH. 
Wi-I  I'l.iiil  lani. 
Vi.'l..iiii  lliii'l...r.  M'.i. 
N  .rl.^i  llii.'iia    Ki. 
ri.rl.i'H  I'. .11. 1,  liiiii.iii.  >  i:ay,i.ii|,  i'.ii'J. 

limrki'.l  l.y  a  liii..y  i.M   K'-' 
Ki.riii  y'«r..yi-.  Simiii  irii«  Nlaii.l.  *..  w.'Jli. 
I'l.rl  U.-lliiiKliaiii  "iTi.  '.Tl. 
r..rl  llrauu.^- 

Iiiariiii;  ami  .li-laii.i-  fr.im  Niiy.i  ('<.v<>,2(W. 
il.-H.ril.i'.l.'J.-- 
.Ii'l.lli  ..f  "iili-i    J-< 
\ .  rv  n.iky.  -'..^. 

nhi'.llii.u  I y  ni  a|.|'r..a.'li  I..  l.artw.r.'W". 

(•..iir».  ml..  Iiiirl.iir.  J-'H 
finlii..tl'  an.  li..ra«.'  in  ,«..iillinml  Kali'li.2.'«. 
Tort  Canil.y  r..liiii.liia  Itivir.  iv.i 
I'lirl  i|iiiiil.i.l.ll.  I-" 
I'l.rl  MuHiin.  171 

K.irl  I'.iilil.  Ii-.i.  171.  17.    17.-..  I7>,  Ifi.  ■■•I.   HI.  I<<.  I-'J.  2117.  'Ji:),  214, 
21'..  21.'..  217.  JH.  :;.ii,  :-'l.  227.  22)i. 
l.iariiiK  iiii'l  .li^lali.i-  fr..ni  Sral  Hiii'k,  17'".. 
.l,.s,Til..-.l.  IT'. 
mink. 11  ri.ik  ii.ar.  I7i'.. 

llKhl-'l.mH.'.'l7l.  ITl-..  I--'.  IHI,  K'.,  IW..  llC,  l'.)0,2nn, 209. 210.211, 212, 
211,217. 
.Imrai'li-r  ..f  linlil.  17i'. 
arr  ..f  vwil.illly.  177. 
HPi.trraplii'  »1  l>.."ili"n,  177. 
niat!nili.'  varialiiiii.  177. 
boiiriiiK  anil  .linliimi- 1"  ^^e"!  Kmk.  177. 

wliiHlliin;-lm..y,  177. 

s.  Iv   l'iirBll..ii  linhl-h.iiiw.  177. 

I'.iiiit  It tit  lii;ht-Iu.ii.M'.  177. 

I.iiiii'  l'..iiit  f..u-tvlii»ll|.  177. 

Al.atrit/  liKlit-li.iliBf.  177. 

llla.k  I'.iilit.  177. 

Yorl.a  liiiiiitt  Hslit,  177. 

f..>:l.rll.  177. 

il,.Mril.o.l.  177. 

l.iK.y.  177. 

iii»lriiili"ti»  wlti-n  pftHHiiiK  out.  177. 

^pmii^li  lutiti'."*  fi.r.  177. 

l'„rt  I'.. ill!  li'iKf-  1^'' 

|,..,,ii,«  aii.l  .li.Hlaii.rfr.ini  iM.rl  I'ollit  llKltt.  185. 

iiiuik.-.l  liy  l.ii.'V.  l'^''- 
Flirt  l!i.-». -IT.-r.l. 
K.irl  KiL-t..  r..nit  .\t.'na.-W>. 

Iiv.lr..«riii.liv.'2'>''- 
I'orl  K..«"  A  I.  ■li..raK.'.  iV..  2I>1, 2l>'>. 

il,-s.rili>'.l.2'''- 

.lir.itiiinnf  "l""'''  '-''" 

Mliort".  2.'.it. 

,,,„.„  t,,*.iitliwi'»l»«.ll. -''>'■•• 

purtialiy  „r..U-.'t.-.l  Ir ,orlliw..,l  »«ell,  W. 

„„..iriri;  I >-■  -'■'"'' 

slink. 11  r.xk.2-''*.. 

iiiaik.M  l.y  a  Limy,  M. 

.l.'l.lh  .if  walir,  -:*\. 

«il..  ..f.2.V., 

.laniJiT".  2-"i7. 

iiirr.-nt.  2'>7. 

tVm»t>nr--ey  »lali.>n,  2.17. 

p.,.i;rai.lii.ali...-'ili"n.2'i7- 
iiiaKin't'*'  vaiiatii.ti.  2IS7. 

M-tlU'il  I'V  Kn.«'ittn''_._-'''- 

l'y.h'..I'ml.liyV'f  tin- "'«'•'  'H-lwcen  lUxU'K'a  ll.Mt.l  ami,  2.->8. 
F..rt'i:..>«l'"int.2^2. 
Fi.rl  StiilBi>ioni.021. 


1--1 


1 


ftn 


i 


9I!!|| 


Jl 


II 


ij 


Gl^ 


INDK.X, 


^l.%\^ 


'.  rw   if 


I'ltrt  *4t,>vt>ii«  i  'Mhintliti*  lt)\  11 
KPiHCrii|ihl<til  iNKiilhiii.  i^.^ 
Kortiihiwi,  r.i|H-.  :ui,  lit.,  ilT.Sls.i.'n 


o:  i'*-<  i'*yu*\  I'u'.  i*A.  iM. 


■•<•  lo  lit  iKhUiniiK  i>l<UM  til,  ^W. 


Kitrtiiimx  Kim  k,  'Wi. 

I't'^ioil  lihilt.  ii: 

Kr<i<^r.i|>tii<  itl  |Hf*lliiin.  \\2. 

iimsiirllt'  \iiriiitii)n    \\'2. 
1'iM.okl  I'liinl.  K<Mi«  Itity,   C.K 

Kl>»trt'i«  I  ;IM<I)IIU  •li«i  ri)H*il.  11. 

Koiilwniilii'i   hliitT  ^'.*»,  V.»|.  Vrt  V.ir,r,2*,  IV5»  fttl.CW. 
il.'m.TllM-.l    ,VV. 
M|*|M'iint(irt-    %'.»»■.. 
mil  tuiniuf  iH-nr,  ^'Jrt. 
•li.w.i  i.rl   ^'^t•. 
riH  k  iirnr.  '»"«'i, 

niiirkr«l  Itv  H  I'lmy.  VnV 
iH-iirth^  iiimI  itiKlaiH  I-  I'<  ^fl»^■r<»w»|.M^o  Pntnl,  V<\ 

All  III  I  r. illy  M(ii.||ii£li(-h(iiiiH'..V« 

mniM.    Itliitl.  Vni 

•N.ili  lirl  Iliu-I.  V-. 

I'uliit  Nil   roilit   h^lit  liMiior.  V« 

ruiiiwrnihiM  (  ni», ,  |ii*>.  Illy  (I ;  ir»,  tjit.  iji  K'T  i:.'.  I  ;i.  i.;j  in.  I  ;< 

l''»nir  Mile  I'rrck     I*'. 
Four  Mil>-  i  rvi  k  Hiuk    tiC 

n>'rniil  nf  Knur  Mil«'  rri-i-k.  it"7. 

ilii«(iiiic«-  frntii  nliori'.  b>7 

ilr|Mft  of  i^iiliT  Mil.  'feiT. 

iiii!  iil%vA>  «  lirciikirv  «>ii,   HIT. 
Kniirth  of  July    \iii-liiiriiK<'    Nlllt;l  (  iltalllui  IhIuiiiI.  '■*. 

Ko\  ("luiil.  rill-  NHrrtiv%«.  t.Ji'.  ft-'I ,  ti«. 

Ku«  KtH-k.  II-*.  IV..  n:.  i«y*  ri.  r».. 

ItfAnnfC  Mik'l  ilisUkiKv  from  <  a|><<  urr<>r<l  liulil.  t*4i. 

1  It  III  nor  H  K(M  k.  isii. 

iM-(K'!il>.iriiit(  r<K.'k»,  MV 
<li'|i|li  >>f  witlcr  HnMiiul    :tHii. 
tn«tni<'liMii  to  vt-noi-U  LI)  pit«<4l(it;.    k<«t 

th  ikruitr*  mill  tlinlH 
Kmiu-i  >•  I'lirtit.  V>  "iTI 
A>'iiir.>M<a.  mIii|i.  IW.  iJl. 
I'THiiktin,  MiMinl.  .C^. 
Kr»iik  •  Vullcy.  r.«t.  JID. 
Kra-M  r   i  ilnl.  %*J. 
KntM-r  Itivir   Vm  •»:j.57:j.Vm  'O.f.MI. 

<lr»M  nlHMl,  %'^| 

(HlUMf .  ^*l. 

n»\  iuriition  'v<,l. 

(  llNIIIX'),  Vl. 

<I<|.tll  *if.  '.vl 

III  irkt  <t  tiy  iMiiiyH,  'y^l. 
|)i|ift  tii-e<li*<l    >l 
riirn  itl"   'fj 
llKlit-li<>ii««'  Hi  piitriiuT,  %'<2. 

il<-*<'ril>f<l,  %^J 

*  h.inii  ti  r  of  Ill-Ill.  'is^ 

Hn  Hii'l  liiiiii  of  viMiliiljty.  Vk2, 

K*  otfrnpliii  III  |M>t.iti<iii   \<2. 

niHUiiPli.    viirialn.n,  %>**J, 

be«riiiK  and  dinlaiirf  to  I'mtit  UoUTt*.  ^>-2. 
SHliirriit  Inliiucl,  'm.v 

Arlivf    |'a«^  lli:lit-IllMIJIO.  %Sa. 

rnriicr  I'luit,  ''*.', 

*i»liriitltfc  IUm'N.  *.sj 

linlrriiKt'  UIiiipI  llt;ht-lhiliiH'.  r*H'I 

lt.:iiili<l  Iiilfl.  >,! 

I'ui.  I  t.ny   5rta. 

4liiM-o%'rry  '.  i.  %hJ. 

li.liit.  :>^.'. 

Kmy»«r>  iVint,  s.iiila  rrii/  I^litiitl.  s|,k'».  v*. 

Frrmifiit.  I'rijf,  III 

Kri'iHli  I  ItHrl  I'/.C.  II,  II. 
rr<>*(M.rl    I»t(WHini-li  IIi'H.I.r^»N 
Frt-ti  \\  )*t.  r  Hay    .',_V 

Hin  'iirriinf  ill  u'oixl  Ufallirr,  M,"? 

l)iutH-<*  fur.  .'>^. 
Frf*li«(ili'r  Inrk,  l>. 
Fuc»  I'li'-f  r.  TiitiMwli  NlumI,  r,\  |,  Mfl, 

d.«.nU-.|    Ml 

khiiu  II  an  IMiiiiatjIi*  Ko<k,  5tfi, 


Kiita   ^Inill  of  .liinii  Ac.  ^Il.ait.  i7'.t.  I^I.^^^H,M  l.Mrt.MT.f^m, vuw-i 


(•iil>rlllo  «Ucil,  '.N 
(oilMtllii  Nliiihl.  %<*iV%>C 

<ii»t.riUn  Itirf-  liulf  of  (ioorulii.  .%<.V\'*|..%«fl. 
.It  H.  rilM-.l   \K> 

iiiiirknl  l>\  n  hlark  I \ .  ')<*«> 

li'diiiiK  illiililitlaiHi    lo  I'd  I  rami'  Nlitixl  hutil  lioiiitt'   't^. 
I'o  itl    Xlkinxoii  IikIiI  li<Mi%r   '^m, 
S. -rill  ^,111. 1  ll..t.l  !mli(  hniioi    >rt 
Aili\f  I'h'*'*  IikIiI  litiiHi  .  '»*«■ 
(iiiliuno  .  iio<l. •».*'». M'.'.vf.  v.l,^:^l,^V7I\.•^:rt.^77,.^7'.l.^^ 
<ii(litiiio  UtaiMl.  .'i^l 
<uillauuv  ifiili  U   '.*i;n 

4illll||HT  lultil  h^lit     *Nirilli>i:ll    r'i»-«MiKt'. '^''-< 

l.afuMi-    Ttirl.  yCi  ft;»«.(;,T.t;[|,iti.' 
<tan  hi  I  rirk,  .f.'',  JTlt 
(itif"  ui  l^vtr,  .*7".  -T  1 

iN'Mnii^  hihI  ili>(tniit ftiioiiili  frotu  Toiut  Anna  IikIiI,  .T  I 

ftliotf  line  iinrlllW  rtr<l  nf.  .T,!, 
(tanliixr   I  iii|H|iial)  llivii.liil. 
iliiliiiin-  from  inoiitli   |o| 
K<  o|{ra|ilnral  |Ht«tltitii    |ii|, 
<inrilni>r  Iv.rl  .'i«^M..V»u.  tiiil 
»inrry  I'omt,  Fraocr  llivrr,%Hl 
Iji4\itaii  MoiinlaHit.  )•>». 
()a\llaii  ltl\<  r   M<^ 
(iiivlulu  l4*iuliUK.>Minta  Harltara  <  liannil  rlimrllMMl.r.l. 

wtiarl  tIcM  ri)ii'<l.<>l 
^1  iimU,  t>l 
laixifiill.f.l 
Hni-horuK''  ti>  ar.'>l 

tlillH,!.!. 

ki'l|i  iitl.r>l. 
<.ii\  tola  l'a«,%7.ri-Vft.{.  r,| 
(ittvidtA  iVak.Sirrra  <  'oiiif|N  Ion,  iliM'rilM'M.'Vt 

u<'«>Kru|ililLut  iiuMlllon.M 
liwlney  I^IhikI  Mw,  V.i-i. 

In  iiiKl'llfnf  iNiri  (•unlnrr.ri'/.*. 

Kl'luml    <lt  «rri|il|nl|.  V.f.t. 

ilcplli  of  u  liter  urunnd.V.'U. 
Uiiik  uir,.V/t. 

(iiMiirlli  .  itnl  I'-rt.  iiy. 
ttciirnil,  t'artn.  '>l.yH. 

ttenrral  naitiiiK  iltriHlHiiii  for  n|i|ir(MU.titnKm>*l  cntrrtiiK  Ntu  I'r.m 
rtmii  May,  '.'I.* 

lin|H<rt)tril  lo  know  iMiMltiun  (»f  vmM'l  In  approiit  Iiiiik.  -I-' 

fi>K)t  rrt-i|ii('iii.  jij 

ii|>proa<  hi*  luvorHt'lr,  Jl.' 

iio<lanKer<*  in  iiitil  <  Imnnrl.  '.TI 

111  f"KH.\    we-allnr  ntraiiKt'r  wait  for  pilut,  2l'.t, 

<  iirn-nlM  '«lrniit£,  2i:l 

III  ^'ihmI  ni'iidii-r  K'ntli*  )'V  lmii|.  'Jl:t 

In  liuht  ivHiiU  ilHiiU'r  of  Hlmrr.  '2\  i 

voMMrN  nliniiKl  n<>t  I  iiii  in  lat'-  at  niKtit.  21.1. 

how  (o  .  roH-^  ihi-  l.ar.  .'M 

vcMH-N  mIioii1<I  lint  aiK  linr  itii  tin*  lutr.  'Jl'l 

^nat  t-anlioii  nrr.l.it  iii  fnn^v  wcatln  r    .MI 

at  liifc;lit  \r>»M'U  iiiii"!  not  In-   ii<l<<ic>l  \<\  f li»  trie   11^1)1  «n   l'»-l'' 
k'rapli  llill  Jll 

^t'lM  ral  tmicK^'il '*>■"*-  -'  '<  -''■ 

rrtiiMrk<«  U|Miii  till- t'oHHlinK  nu^  iKiiti*r<i,  L'l  I   l'IS 

Milling  •litncliMiiH  wlifii  coinliiK  from  tlii'  intiutliu  iir<l.  IM'i 
at  mulit  .'l*>. 

til  Ihi.  k  or  foKny  utatlict,  2l'< 

wkiliii^  rlir(i'tMiii>«  u  lit- II  f-oiniiiK  from  It  ir  urNlwaril.'.'IT. 

MHillii;£  litre  tioii*  u  Itrii  I  nmiiiK  Iroiii  tin*  north \vi>h1\viihI  Jl- 

nailiiiK  'htit  tioiis  for  vr-wU  i  iihrlnt:  ''V  tilt'  Itohita  i  tianni  I 

up|iroii4hii>u  tin-  ln*r  III  ht*a\y  «oiillnii»t  wi-atlirr,  '-*.''• 
^t-mral  <lirr'  lloii"  for  vrHurU  .ipprtMu-hiiiK  Man  Fraiit'i.tco  m 
thick.  fiiuKV  wrnlht  r.  «t> 

ft  hiN-N  of  a  \  t  NNi'It'  fifK- wliistl<*.  2%i. 
iUK'lii»riii»{  on  thf  Imr.  »l 
liavtnu  tin-  liarhnr  nf,  2ii 

t'tirn'nt->  m  llif  ii<>l<l«>ii  tiuU*  nnU  upproiK-hi-M,  2'.*7. 
<{r,.-ial  W.tnti,.  pmiH-llt-r.  wreck.  4^7. 
Clforn''.  «H|H-,  .Vtl,  Vtfi. 

<Jts.rKiH.  Uiilf  of,  N.  .M<*.  %Vt,  WJ,  5fiA,  .^fift,  a?J,  :.7:i,  rtnt. 
tii-nilltnt'ovc,  iVj,  Jfdi 

beurliiK  tint)  dlsUnc«  from  NorthwMt  Cape,  2A0. 


INITX. 


671) 


""i.. 


(h-i«iIi-i  "V.'    I'.iiiihiiiiil, 
hc-iulil   .'I.I 
ki'l)..  .'I'l 
iikmIi  riili<  iirntiMtiiiii,  '.'III. 

-will.  Jill, 
miMMiMK  lull'",  .'III. 
iniHirihk:  liiMiyf.  '.1^1. 
Hiiiiki'ii  riM'k,  -til, 
uri>urit|iliiiiil  liinlllnll.  '.1^1. 
nmuiMiii   \  iinitll.iii,  '.'lil. 
ili'lilll  iif  willrr   .'III 
Irrml  lit' iiiil'l  llIM'.  -'"I. 
fli'Nii  Hiilir  xlii-iilii  lll'lir    'Jl'l 
*illl>lil>lliil    >*ilii  Nll'iillIK  Uliliul    Tii. 
(iliiil"<irin.  yiml,  M'.'. 

.Ir«.  rilMnl.  •ill'.' 
(iililm.  rMiil.  I.'ll  'ml. 
liiliiilllai  Kiiik     l'<'i. 
<lilii4iiii>  I  iinilinu.  ir>. 
(liliooM  I'liihl.  riH'  Nnrniw"  I'd 
(iIk  lliiiliiir.  rill'  N.irniwK,  (il'.i. 

■  nil Ill    li'JII 

i.iIi.iii'k  IUiiII*.  :I|i1. 

KI'lliTuI  •lrl«l>ri|llilitl  of.  Ilii. 
niiiiii-  ili.initi'il.  .ilii, 
liillnrl   .1  .1.,  « 
I, III  ,V  In  ,  .1    K  ,1 

l.llll<i|ill 'M    I'lilMt,  Jll 

(lilinilii  I.i'.Iki'.  Ciililiiililii  Kivrr.  |li2. 
(M.ivi  r  rmiil.  I'lirl  llliikilv   I'lll 

.li  |illi  .ir»iili'i  I'll.  I'll 
(iiiiit   Uliiiiil.    :iil 

.liiluliir  friiiii  (•lirlk.il'nllit,   'Jll 

Ni.rlllilii  Siiiil  Ui.ik,  mi 

ih'r|i  w.iliT  itriiiiiiil.  -Ill* 

riirkv  i.h'li  111  lv\rin  I'lil'i'  l-'i'iii'ln  "ml.  •'"■il. 
tiiilil  llliiir..  :l'.i   nil.  Ill 

ili-liiiii'<-  fmiii   ItiH  ky  I'lilul.   11" 

(.I'll! ml  ili-Ki  ri|iliiiii  111',   nil 

iiMiKi  III  Ci.^inl  Cily  li«lilliiiiiiH'.  :)lii. 
(iiiMi-ni.,ili'.  IV.  nil.  III".  ITU- 

Iji'lirial  ili-.i  riptiiMi.  IT'i.  i'-'7. 

ili'lilli  iif  ivalir  iii-iili'  llu'  I'lir,  IT" 

ilfHi'i  i|iltiiii  III  "Iiiirt'-*  of.  ITI 

mil  •<  Tiir  till-  KiiMTlllm-lll  "f  M-f<i  !■<  nilliin,  IT'J. 

trill  |>friiliirr  of  uillri  uii'l  «  m  ii'iil"  n'-  -'-T.'--'* 
(ImIi'Iii  |:-Ii  1.1  1-1. 

Oiili  1.1  LmiiliiiK.  Siiil.i  I'.iirliiirii  I  Imiilli'l.  Vi.r^l. 
•  oilihi  I'.iinl  -mill  ll.irl iiir.it ■liiliiiii'l.Mi'i •.•>'-. ''■'■ 

,l.«.rilMil.ii;l 
(ioiimru.  I'  I,  ilr.  iliil.  Ill 

»J,in,.iili«,.l  (•  ll...il.'.l   I  I-'.  I II.  IM.  IT".  1*1.  I'.IT,.1I':.'.'I7. 
(miii/.iiI.hMiiiiii.I.  Viiii.iiiiM  r  1-luiiil.ri.Vi 
(icimh  l-lilliil    liin.ilili'  lliirn   -iTJ. 
<i.Mi-i'  l'<iiiil.l'ii|ii' SliiiiiUv.iU'r.  ITI.  IT'». 
(l.irilii    Moiiiil.Mii.  n: 
Ci.irilii  I'liiiit  >iiiilii  lliirliiir.*  rliHiiiiil.M 
(iiirilii.  I'liiilii.  '.'TJ   -'71   -"■'".  -"'I    -'"■'■  -".w.^WI.^"'!.  I'''.*"'.  i""i' 

;ii:.:ilH,  .'il'i,  :;jl 
(i.ir.lii  l!i..k.:vil.  lull  m; 
(l.iiiliin  II.M.I,  Viiiiiii'iv.r  Nl.inil.  V,7 
(l.iiiliiii'i.  Ilill.."i| 
iMir.liiii  I'.iii.l,   I'liui'l  ■-iiiiiiil  i.Jl 
t.iiriliiii  l!iv<T   Viiiiiiiiivrl  Nl.iml.'il". 
(turiliiti  -^  i-liiili-.  I'll' 
« Imrf  I'll"' 

MliliTIIIK'*.  I'll 

rr.  I  111  iir  n7. 

mil  liiiriiK'".  '  '7. 

I.iiiilritll.  I^7. 
liiiii'iiiiiK'iil  I'liinl  Miiiil.i  Harliiini  I  liaiiml.i'i.'). 
i.oMiii  lii'u.  M'liiii  IH'ii  I'llilii'.  I'l 

lirilllll  Inlilliil.    '.'I 

lliKljIll.l-   ll'llll   I    llllki.    I'l. Mil,    nil. 

Hi/i'.:ti'l 

riKksuiiil  fiiiil  Kii'iiiii'  iH'iir. "il. 
(iniinli'.  Arriiyu  liKi 
(ir.ui.li'.  Illii..:*!. 
(ir.ili  l'.ii-.iimili>.  Ill  'm 
l.riiliiilu  l.liiiiil.lliilf  of  lli'iiruill.'i'ill. 
<;rn\»'ynril  I'luiil'''.''"'- 
liinn  7.'iii//f.rllp|iiT  illi|i.7ll. 
Ur»>'  ■■ll«jd.l70,  ••iti.Jai. 


llil.:lll. 


*irii>  '•*  Itay.i  iililiiiliiii  Itivi  r.  |ii.1. "ii". 

Hllll.lllllll       ll'l 

ih'liMi  ii(  ivalir   I'l  I. 
nlinal^.  I'l  1 
tlniy  n  lliirliiir.  :Vi<i.  111.  IM.  171    I7ii.  Itl,  l»'.i.  I'i<>.  I'J'.!.  I'-H.  I'."'i.  IW.'iU'i, 

\v<,  11 1 1'    I'JII.  ti'JS. 

a|i|'i-ai'illii'i'  111  a  ili^lain  c.  Iil. 

ill  11  rlliiil.  II.' 

liUKi'  I'liit  liari   III  l"\v  w.iti'l.  I'*l, 

Hlnirri,  |Hi. 

Iirillli  .  li"'. 

livilrour;i|ili>  of  till- a|i)iroa«  la'".  I^'i. 

iil'li  111  II, i\  iualliili,  I'^'i. 

liiMiyi.  IH'V 

lilll'K      W' 
ilHI'i'ViTI-il.    l-^'l. 

Hliori'  Ilia'  111  lllr  ii'Tlli  III    l'"7. 

Illliiral  ciliri'lil.  1^^ 
<ila%  'i  llai  lior.  rily    li| 
<.ruv  -  I'liiiil.  I  1.1 Ilia  lllvi  r,  |ii  i 

In  allliu  anil  ili-lali.i    linlii    loimlli'  I'limt.  |l'-l. 
I'olhl  l;ili.o,  II1.I. 

ill  |illi  iif  n.iti  I  nil.  |i>l. 

itaiiH-"  for.  imt, 
lira,\  li.iik  I'l  ak.  :l.'i7 

I.mkIiI     1.-I7 

IhiiiI  of  viKiliility,  VtT. 

Urouni|illii  III  liiintlloll,    "i7. 

kiMiwiiiiHCri-riiiMily  I'i'hIc.  W. 
(Irral  lliiak.  :il  I 

ili'lilll  of  wali'l  nil,   II  I 

lii'iirliiK  anil  ilii-laiin   I'mm  liu'lil  linlHi-.  ill  I. 
Illiilil  1  lli'i'f.  Ill  I. 
(iniil  llri'ak.Hi-al  Itiiik.  IM 

linirini,'  ami  iliililliii'  fliiln  Sniillnvf .>1  S,-al  ltiirk,.'l.M. 
IniKlli.  '-'il. 

ili-|illi  iif  wulrr  iiriiiiiiil.''.-"il. 
liri-al  I'liMpav  station.  J"^!. 
(,iMil  ;,'i(.iiMi..!<li-:iiii  tliili.  wri'i'k.  H'lii. 
(iriiii  Hill.  111'.  117  111.  ll'.i 

y.  nunipllliul  |H.-ltllill.  ll'.i 

«irrrll« I  I   rri  k    I  ..unllllii. -'7'' 

la'aliiiLiaiiil  .li-laiiii- flnm  I'm'li'  .M"''"  l.amlillg,'J7r.. 
iiialki-l  li\  111.  kv  i«li'l«.'-'7ri. 
Iia-lii  at  I  liitir  .Hiiiiill.'.'7''i. 
ill  pill  I'f  waliT.  .'7'i. 
I'irakfr'*.'.*7.''i. 
ilaimiTi  -7'i 
iMilr.i.i.l  iii-ar.".'7"i. 
lirriii  I'liinl,  Nfiv  |iiiiit;ciir'<.'<  liay.'O.i. 
llrii'li  Il"ik.:tl7. 
\vli\  iiaini'il.  1.17, 
li.lKlit.:l.l7. 

iliHlanti-  I'riiin  ■^limi'.  H17. 

Ii.ariinjaml  .llMlain  i- trnm  Tiiiiiilail  Ii«lilliiilinr.:ll7. 
vi-iilili'  roi-k"  ll!-llori  .1.17. 
(iri'i-iiv\  I'  li.'.i 
(iri'Kiiiy.rapi'.  K.  I'.i'J. 
(iri-livilli-,raiK'.  Ilii.  111.  Il'i.  I'll  I'l. 
Ilri'livilli'.  I'liinl, :I7'.I.  IHI    l<7,  I'*.'*,  I'll.  I'.i'<..'>l'.'. 
(ili'V,  I'oliil. ■■>7'.i. '■■>■-'. ■''* I. 
(iriltiii  Iliu-.-^trail  of  I'li.a,  vm 
hIii'iiI  ■•I'l'l.  'V'l''. 
niarki'il  liy  Inin.^ ,  '•'"'• 
Ii'iIki',   I'Ml 

ili'plli  iif  ivaliT  on  anil  iii-nli-  of.  iHl. 
;      (iiillin  .V.  I.'i'.il.  iliail  am-nl-.  .1 
I      (.riiiinil  llni'V.  Mnlilli'.  u'l  I.  lll'i. 
i      (iinlil.ilii|ii'    li»' 

!      una .'.111..  Klin- Hay.  :l'.l7.:l'.is 

{  liraniiK  ami  .linlllii. .'  (ii'in  I  up.'  Hr.'K.ny  liulitliou.ic,  :W. 

liiii-iin-Hllianm  I.  Ili.iarii.  "ilrail.  "iill.  .'iH- 
I      lliiiiami-.,  I'linla.l.'    Ilalla.-!  I'niiil  .  17 
I     iiiiiiarni-.  I'linla  ili'  los  .llalla>t  I'liiiil  .  17. 
Illllill.  lliK'   l''!.-'*".-^'- 
Ilniiiil.-y,->r.. 

i:anl«''ll''"."*'- 
(]alla\va>'. 'Ji'H. 
lri'.li.J7l. 
.larka-HK.'J'.m. 
Mill.-i'i..'J.VJ.2l'il. 
Mont.  ■Jll'* 
1  Koi'Hlnaii.  'Ji'iti. 


> 


«, 


■i«     ?    ' 


GSO 


INDKX. 


t      1 


i't't 


¥\ 


% 


;ii-  h  A\ 


(.uUli.  i;.H  ky.  JiW. 

liM"v»l  ill.   ■J.\«»,  'Zsi, 

>«'H  I  ion.  :*,ifi. 
Miitwrii.js:;. 

\\  hitlr     :i<0 

linlf  of  r.iiif..rntt*.  i:», 
<iulf  of  l.li/H  >u*il  .'f  Kiicn.  M-V 
<iulf  of  ih.-  larnroni'-..  7.  Iti.  161. 
KChorut  »|r»t   ripnon.  ir.l, 

ritlMioiitli>>h>»i;.  HVi.  KVl.  l(;\ 

.•KlltlOl).     IM. 

ViliiLt  Mhont.  |rk%. 

Kt>oKr>i|ihi(Hl  ]H'*«ilioi).  lifc%. 
(  ofili-n  Hunk.  |u^.  |(W. 

U'jiri  IK  ittitl  ih*>titiMt<  from  rtiiiii  Itrvi'H,  lu't 
KHnklUtn  liuHt.  1"^') 
(Ulniiu  l<HHhl>  .  It'rf- 
Slitmt.  r"i-or(t-«l  utT.  !>•('< 

liUMlfailt  u>v.  iiw,.  ir;:    ir.-*. 

S*nitlii—.-t  Kiirallon  liKht-houmv  Idti. 
^o<>KrH|ilM(iiI  iMMiiion.  Uifi. 
tlolHtlctl  ilr»(  ription '»f  lilt*  t<*li(ni|!».  chimh   iiii4hIii>kU,  If>'.>  Jftt. 
iliutt;i  fM  III  iIm-  .ipprt*;i(-li('o  (o  !Sjui  l"r»miH*H»  llnr.  jtH. 
Smi  |-'niiiriHi'o  lltiriiiMl  (tii>  i-liiiiiiicN,  'Jii') 
Imov^  nM  ttu'  «'iilr;tiii-«-  l>»  '»^mi  Kntiu'iAco  H»v.  J»W. 
^I'lH-ml  s.oIiuK  »liro*iiiiii"»  fur  npiirtMiluiiK  )»ii«l  oiileriiiK  Hun 

I'rHiiti-M-ii  |!!i%    Jl  J. 
s&iIiiiK<lirt-i  tiMiiH  wticn  iinntiiK  from  (ho  loiiOiniinl   'Jl%. 

H  i*l  wiii'l.  -ST. 
iiitriliwt'Nl wuril    JM. 
»l>|irot4i  hiiik'  tin-  I'.ir  tit  lnH'  V  '•millif.int  nnttlHT    SH* 
IfiMitTHl  •hrt'i  tioiin  for  vi'j*iM'l«  'tppiont  liitiK  :a  tliKk  wi>ath«5r 

nntluir  Mu  on  ilir  Uir,  T2t 
IcAvniK  clu-  hitibi<r  of  '^an  Krntu  l^t-ii.  JJI, 

i'tirrfiii*  "f  tli>'<tol<l<n  (iutf  liiut  h|>p      >   lirn.  A*7. 
iIkHv  tt'in|>**r)«l>in-or  ttifwttt4<r  tn  Ihr  t  iolilcn  tititv    '^2^*. 
im>nllil>   tfiii^Mruttirt*   o(    tin    mr    ttml   uutrr   ^n  the   duUtpit 
<inli'.  /.N. 

t!lP  Willi|«  OP  ttu-   rHrihr  C^tfUkt.  '2^\ 

t)ii>  ftHCM  VI.  tlu'  I'm  irU'  •  im<tl   2.11 

lUf    •I'|I.«MHI«.    .'  tt. 

ImroiMt-irlr  itit||<'«tu'ii«  of  wi-hOht.  ZH 

|.  iii)M  mliin  ofrtiT  mitl  wnu-r  h1.mii;  ihr  tnitMwril.  'IV\ 

d<  •.  tljtti'ti  of    il^M    lloMIM*  n.     I  (»thlT  Ulil<t  to  ri»\  ttfMltuil.  it?. 

*liviivi TV  of  Sun  FrtiiuMM'u  \lt\y.  JIT. 
Uiilf  of  O.HirKi*.  »*,  -Mil.  M5.  W'J.  Mfl.  M'J   STJ.  .V3.  &.M. 

t*ni«.I  liiir  of.  "ir*. 

MitliiiK  *)ire<-lioiif(  in.  ^7-1. 

i-urrrnt«.  ^7'i. 
<iill>  UlHit't    S.iiila  Crux  IhUd'*.  fiV  KM,  90. 

ilrwniM-*!.  «i'v 

k*c->tfr«|  n(<-«l  iKi4)tton.  %. 

r.-,  f,  -/., 

Lull   K.M  <i    JW    >-     Kt 

•IhtnixM-  from  i  hjm-  «>rf  ir'i  liglil.  W7. 

("Iio.   1-:. 

tlidiiiurt^  «routp|,  VC. 
(f'lynoiftA  U'.v<T    lu%. 

c»ll<sJ  '*'Ui    \ntonio  Cn-rk  on  sihi,-  iiot|i  of  (Vifurnitt.  lOft. 
J('4u«  M'trl*  ('n-4*k  in  Itnttl  tiBiiir,  1(4. 

II. 

If'l'htin.jinuthir,.  ohlp.  'Jl't 
lllMllt->    N   Mill,   «R> 

lUtr  MiHiti  lUiy    l%*t  ir,*.!.  247. 
iiiirli.trnm'.  I****,  ("i't 
•  wi*H  ffi.iii  MMithi  riy  nlndii,  IVi, 
trtinl  i.f  t.hor«\  |Vi. 

"ouinliniji*.  I't- 

Itifilru  I  ton  •«  for  i-ntrrliiK.  1^**. 

ImnvK  til  lm\  iiii<l  ApproA*  hrn.  tMi 

NMllliitf  itirt-i  tiitiiit.  IV) 
llnlirtlM'^li  lli»rt»«.r   nmuc  for  ■^•aUi  k  ItHy.rh^. 
Hiilr  1  rno^H^'f    I.uintni  l«litn<l    V.-*,  V.II,  (»Jl, 
llitlilMit  r-Uinf,  I'Hnni  ili-  lUro,  .V> 
tlHiiiiihniini  lli\-i  r    '•  1% 

K»o;trfMlii.  aI  |Mitill<in.fVVS. 
llAUDllnti  H  l^iidiiix,  li7. 


flHiiiiiMTHly  tntrt,  IIooiI'hI 'anal,  tVW. 
Ilaiiiintiinl    i;»'«'l.  \  Hiifinvcr  Uliiiul,  MO. 
IIiiikI  !!tH  k  ,  (itpc  .luliunoii,  "M'T 

tlr*«rilH'.I.  .%<i7 

Imt'of  rtK  k  on",  5*17. 

/fUMIM|/l.  m  tliHMU'r,  I'VI. 

Iliinitoii.  ISunI,  C>.ll 

llnnnor.  Poini    i^i.  |sl.  »M.  4\\  i«ift. 

IIttrl>ur.  ('Mlaluin,  's, 

<    llilH'M*.   Si 

k  u.\  l«r  »iT.  '.>? 
hrti> ton, .^T■^  ?S7*i. 
IuikIi*. '^•i.  »'"'■». 
).i«piiniuU,  M'>,  VSl. 
i:»vtnK    (77 
|-'in>lHiiit<«  Un  .  t>l  ( 
(*1K.  .iP.i 

(iriiv  .v:t5«i  111,  |.\t  riKi.  t^l.  I^M-.m,  luj.  |ft(.  ijii.  |/.i..-*r, 

.\«<S    till'..  (.Jo    (ij.t*. 

H'tliHini?>h.  <.^;i 

llolltlr^t.  fdV,  liDl. 

I.iltlo  lii%i'r   :r77.  'iJ'^I.-'vl.jsrt.jvi. 
MhUuimIji,  tktl. 
NiiltHlino.  .Vni. 
Oiik.  fi*«ve.«H.fHr2. 

o-kkiniMi.jii;. 

I'i'Mrl.  II'.'. 

l'rimin*'r''«.  V.M»,  s|.  m'»,S7. 

Sum  i'ttlro.  in.  II^IJ. 
Hnntrt  Crux.   I4A. 
S.  Hi.  7;J. 

HoMtrr*.  -»7h,  iss.  isj. 
Hi|imiiilHl),  fvU. 
Tmiup,  *.l:i.  en. 
Vt.lorn*.  MH,  .VH4. 
\Vii.'*liinKlon.  v.".!.  .Vtj 
\\  Intlcnn  n  A.  IV* 
UilnuiiKton.  17.  ■i'<.  10 
HHTlHir  l{t-«-r.  I  nth  III  UN  Com',  ?.»,  Ht>. 
l..ii.l>  -  li.Mk.  -".ic.. 
Ilan'  iHMv^t.  iHrt 
lUrfonl.  I'orl,  tlu.Ul 
Hnrlfih  i'A^'W  Uork.  1J7 

iM-nrtriK  «imI  <:i>«iHn«v  from  PinlruA  Itliiiicufl,  \i7. 
f.iut   iHiKoin    iHur    UT 
tmiikrii  r<M  U-*  inur.  I.T 
ll»ro,  l.oiH'/  <  lotualrt*  ill'.  ril«H|.  S'irt 

Hi»ro.  (una)  »h'.  Hlrail  of  Kiu-rt.  M.M-*.  r\l'J.  \V1,  VJ.  .Vsl. 
Utirii"  I'ouil.  '.It  '.H.  '.*»*'. 
Ilikrt*<'ni'  iMtifclid.  I'ligi't  Sound  .  (t'Jti. 
IIiMMltr  Ititnk   Slriiit  of  ^'n(-».^^{. 

lH>artiiK  Hii«t  ili^taiU'O  Irotn  Nt'W  IiunKcnoiwi  M^lit-hoiiHr.  'tVl 
ni/.f,  V\l. 

ilt'Pth  '.f  wiilrr  on.  .\\1 
llitlNrio*  ot  iht-  I'lirlhi  .    I'oiiil  Coni-i-pvloi)}.'^?- 
lUnlhoy  Nhui.l.-itruil  of  Ku^«,V.^ 
lUvcMH  ,\m  lionuri*   JftTN.  770. 

lirnriiiK  >t)i*l  <ll«iMnof  frotn  \Vu';il|.t  I' t  l^htud.^SA. 

ruinl  Ari'iiH  -'»i^ 

proiis'tmn  from  northwrst  awt'll.  JtO. 

tlrtmftT'*,  ■iI^^ 

niiMiruit:  luioyN,  'J65 

Mirfiini  ni'nr  .**»'' 

KtNt^riiphlfitl   |H»ttlt l«>ii, 206. 

lot-Hl  unnto  'JTirt 
lUvrii  IN     •-<k.J6rt.2rt7.270. 

hrlBhI.  Jft<>. 

t(i-»riUK  un<l  >IIaIuu<v  from  Wulatla  Pmnt  IhIiiikI  ^t'ii, 
I'oinl  .Vri'ii.i.  LiKjiLi*!*'' 

■horr-lln  /^nd. 

Uvlp  »W 

hin.tfHll.  \\.  Iii.li.  Mounlutn,  jr>f. 
UfoKTHplili-al  position  of.  JOA. 

liytlrokfrHph\   iioi(litviir<l,'^(lM. 
lUi^k^  roiiii  '^ho'tlunU'i  ltti>    4TA,  477 

lu>tiM.k  i{<Hk  i.-j  li^  t':'*  iti)  Miic* 

iMMtrliig  uml  illitlmu-v  'rum  Nrt  uKtfxh  Itivcr   ri*.', 
('ii|^>  I'onlurMlht  r,  in 
rKM<  itilt>  HfHiI   1.**.! 
Ihtubic  Arx'h  ltutk.430. 


INDKX. 


()8l 


IlayKtin  k  KiH'k     <'oiilii>iir<l 

it«<HriiiK  tiii'l  dlHlunri^  rriMii  t'u|H^  lAiokotil,  4iU). 
iliNtiiiice  from  shorr,  12'.t. 

lIl'Kl'lill.  il.  U".). 

npiH'HriUK-o  tit  li  (linUluv.  !-".►. 

le<lK<'.  >'«> 

l>rt'ak»  111  It  liotivy  bwi'II,  |;W. 
Ilii/fl  I'liltil.  lliKnr-  <'itiiul>U. 

f;(Mlt[ril|lltil'tll    IIOHlllltll.thil. 

ni'»i\   Ailtiiiriilly,.\v.i..V.iJ. 
AllH<rt.',t.\rii7. 
Itfr.ltry,  Ml. 
li.Ml.'Kit,  i.v.1,  IT".  I'j:. -i<i. '.""k;. ■-•ii, i'Ki. iM. ^J. iM,i'it;,'.TJ. ■.■7:1. 

( 'tlllttilio,  t'4lll. 

I'luu'HiU-.  «ii,  IJI,  ir>,  UK.  r.-.i.  1 11,  l:«,  I  it; 

•  opiiKu,  1*1.  («i. 

('(iwitrltiti.  Kil. 

IVvilV.  li'J5. 

Ditiilr.o.Mli. 

Dltntntiinlt,  ntlT.I'illl. 

I'liiil  llix'k.  »ll. 

(inr.l.itt.M". 

ilin'Ul.  4111.  It's.  Il«,  HIT   IIW.  4l:i. 

;Siii.  I'.'T.  c". .v«>, .vii,.'>(t.i. 

,!Bvtl.^v<..^7.■^. 

n,tti.ri<.  i'.^tM.t'al 

KiHtH,  ;l'."-l,  :i'.H,  .TJT,  :w.i.  :R)'J. 

M.Kfti»ii •■•',  «l«.  IM 

Mcit.ilitil.  iw.  i:w. 

Miiiil.i.  Itio.  ■is4. 

Niivttrni.  ■-'77,  ■JT'J.  .'SI ,  ?ss. 

Ni.rllt,  IM.  174 

N.irllt  Sutitl,  •>:s,  ■••HI,  V*.'..'>NI. 

(Ink,  fwll,t•«^.^. 

ri.iiil  Kfyt".,  li'tl 

I'.irt  tirft.'  '.  :i.-l,.17.'S,.'J7T,:U<ft. 

r.irli:-  • .  Ml. 

s..rr«.  V.I.  run 

•Hctitoin'i .  '>vi.  V.M,  .^'.l^.  'tixi.  .'1'.':,  .vx. 

Miltlllt.  Ml. 
S.iiilli  Siiiiil.  N  .. 
Tciiwliil,  I'.w.Vil.NC.SM.rillft 

r(lliiin.>..k.  :l^7,  lift.  lt:t.  IIS.  IM.  I.M.  l.V''.  Ilix.lliy.  171. 
Trthi.lii'l   .r.'l.:vil.'l.fj.  t!7,.-«!i.:!l.'>, 
WnliiioiiKli.  'iiii.rxW.Stil. 
WImIe  »,  :lii'> 
Wllliiini.t.  .M' 
VllcllRl-1.  Iliy 

Yil.|illii.>.  II'.  11:    "l".  ••'• 
ll.'iUli  l.ivvH  f.T  llii-  liiirlHir  iirsiiii  Frani'iw-..,  Ml. 
ll^'Hlli  lt«y.  Put;*'!  Ht.iiml.  »i.;i 
ll.-Ui.  ,.n  111.'  N.-stiiUKi'li.  '-".'■ 
II.-.  nil'  l'n..«l»!i'    ll«r.  I'ly  S.illll.l,'vR. 

Ilt'.i'la.  .  ilf.l,  HI-'  ■-'-T.  ■-•I-'.  I'l.  '•"    l^^ft,  l*'>,  I'*.  IXl.  Ill.'ll'  tl'. 

l.V..  (71).  tin,  I'Jl,  I'.'l,  •'.«.  I'-'-'.  ">l" 
ilrcrln  I'.rtiik     W..  UK. 

lHlillliii[nii'tiil'«li>i"i'  (rmii  i  iii.!- <>rf..nl  lii;lil.4ii» 
hUp.  hw. 

tli'liili  of  Miiur  ..h.  liiH. 
Ili'ivKi  ll.'n.l,  till  lift  ""'.  »'"■  "'■'■  "  ' 
(•'nlHiiiv  fr.mi  T'iii|.i|ii"li  Ulvrr.  KIT. 
OrmrllK'il    |ir7, 
ItcoBmi'lii.  Ill  iiL-Mliin.  li"- 
iiiii«iu-lU  smtMlmii.  Il^^ 
iK'nrlinj  iinil  iliHltiiu-i-  Ui  iiiiM'  iirr..r.l  Ur\a  l...ii«.-.  I"« 

Cnpi' (iri'K.irl  li.;lil  lii>M«r,  ll>'^. 
VB.111I11*  lll'il'l^  IlKllllwll'.r.   IH'. 

Iwiik,  Itw. 

(•..v.  ,  |.». 

",.liil-lin.'  iiolilnvKnl  luiin.  t'W. 
Ilrln  Hiiiik.Slmit  ..f  I  ii.  :i.  Vil .  Vi.' V.! 

Ii-Htliill  mill  .ll"!*"'.-  f'"">  Mlllilll''  InImii'I  iiKlll-ll"ll«-.  •'>•'>< 

.l(i|.lli  .pf  ttiiU'r  on  VM. 

r.n'knAVI. 

k.'l|.  'iM. 

imllH'.l,.'«l 
ll«l.i.»,  Mi.iinl.m.'.  If'fl.'.ilT.JH. 
Il.'lil.'>   n(  liuli'..'»>. 

Ml  iiry  l»liiiiil.<uiinl  il>'  Hnro,M7,5W. 
Il»yi>r  I'liiiil.'in. 
tllKl>  llll>tr,.1ll. 


IIIkIi  IO'iK'  -(  iinliiiii.'l. 

lii'.liiiK't'  rriiiii  filiuii'-liiK-,;lll, 
lit'ih-lil,  III. 
IIIkIi  l!.H'k.ll'4>. 

IIIkIi   I'iiIiIi'  I'l.iiil.Saii  Cli'liii'iili'  l'<liiliil.7:l. 
llill.lliil.l.i'i\'J'''.i. 
Iliiri',  lilT.  Ill 
|l.>ll.'iiii.  Wl. 

I  llM'.MIll'.  I  »'•.  \(*\  U'l,  lilJ,  II.'*.  171. 
Klri'.:lll|. 
(it.nlDirf*.  J*'l- 
(ir.-1'ii,  i:if.,  |.!7,  l:!^,  1 1'.i. 
-   Ilil.ll.'v  ».  :;i»-. 
.hi|iit.'r,r.rj,i»-''.i.»'':l.''i. 
I. iiki'. :)!.'.. 
.Mi-..i.iM.17ii. 
I  Hill-  Itiv.r,  l:t"i. 
II. .1111. 1  'l'..|..  1711. 
Sii.l.ll.-.  1^1. 

^l■ll^l...r..ll^!ll.  !■'>».  IVl,  llji,  lus. 
Silll  I.IIH.  I  I'J, 
S|.lllii'*ll,.lltl.. 

I'.'l.mni.li.  171.  17'.',  I.''.', '-'"•'•. 
Iliri'.',  VJ 
Willi  (li>l?i.  H»V 
lllll  I'l.iiil.  I'.. ml  l..ii.m,.'7. 
Il.mr  M..1111I.  .'1'' 

ll,.l.s,.iivlll.'.   l'ilhiiii..ok  lliiv.  |:M. 
II. IK  Nlaii.l.  .'."-1 
II. .1.  ll.-ii.l.  r.C.  l'.is,-iiill..-.ii|,-«i'. 

In'iirinuiiiiil  .IlKliiii.i'  fr.iiii  I  "cilriiilioii  Uliiliil,  f« 
.li",rll..'.l.  --ll 
Miiik"ii  rtt.  k'.  lu'iir.  -'I'll 
i;r.  ^niiiliii'iil  |t.i..iti..ii.'ilil. 
M»li  l!i\.i-.  .Mm 

iliiliiiir.'  I'r.iiii  liisliii.  11..11  Niiiiiii,  Tiim. 
d.'wiiU'.l.  .Mil. 
.'.link.  II  r.'ik  ..It  nii.illli. 'HO. 
pri'irnt  iiiuiu'.  Mil. 
Ili.lr,  C.iM''..  1:11 

II.. I Ill'  Willi  liKlil.i'iirj. 

II. .In..  -.  Iliiil...r.<''<<>.  CM. 
Il.ili.lil.  I'liim.l'i.  net. 
II. .11. lull.  .'111'. I.  ll"!. 

Il..nk<'i  liny  1.1111 'Jll 

iniii'MiK  iiii'l  ilinliini'"' '«'  Simimm'i  rmiil  I" 
11. M..    1 1 'mini.  Ill, •■^1:1. 1111. ■"''*7, Ss\.v.).-i,.V.i|-..i«i|, C.l 
g.'iirntl  ill".,  ripliiiii,  C.J**,  f.-t''^. 
Nli.ir.'  lull'.  ('■-• 
.1.  |illl  ..r  wilti-r.  I'.-.l. 

ll.....|-»ii.ii.i.  ii.M..r'-r;iiiiii,«.'*.'':ii. 

iii'ii.iiil  .l.'^*'ri|.lli>ii.  »'.;ii 

.iin.iili.ill.  I'll 
II. ...k.  l'■..ll/,..^■-•7,^>■.'•.'. 
ll.„.ki..ii,  I'.'i'.. 
Il.i..kliiii  ciiiimii'l.  :Hi'..:I'J'' 

iiinrki'.l  l.V  It  pill'  l>i'iii'.in,  O'. 

lit'itrint!  i.ii'l  .IMiiiiii'  fn.iii  I'lt'lirn  LitlnlltiK'.  ''-l 
lliiiikt.'ii  l.iiii.liiiK.^I'-T. 
Il...iki..ii  M.iiikIi.  :W7. 
II. ...pith.  M..iinl.:ll'.i 
ll..i.ptr  K  l'u"im-i',  '-Ml. 
lli.i.p.r'"  Wltitil'.  :ttl.  III. 
II. .pf,  l''rit.'«'r  Uivir,  S"! 
II.Hpiiitiii.  Ili..{iiiiiiiil-  l!iv.  r.  I"!   isi. 
lliiipiiifiilM  Kiv.'i.  limy  -  llnrlH.r,  1>I 
lli.rii.iritii.  11.  II 
ll..rM'>liiii'  C.v.'.  isil, '^17 
|l..ri«'sli,..'  I'..iii(,'-'.     'M 

Lciiriiiti  iltitl  lilt"  i"'»  ff"!"  ''*""  l''iiiit.Sl'''-- 

,|,.„ril»-.l.2<v; 

k.'ip.ai.'.v 

miiltmplii  ■•'  poniiliiii.'I'i!'. 

.l.'l.lll..f  "■.lift  -I'J. 

Irt'lnl  ..f '.Iti.ro.'Ji'.-'. 
tiiiiKli.'li.'  vitrii.ll..ii.'Ji''-' 

II..r-.«i'll  llliill.  Iti'imrliir.'  Iltiy.'>''7. 

I I..I. •splint,"-  l.an.llim.l'lJ. 

II..11-.'.  Mill.  f«,:ll'l,.'IIV-'.:l<W. 

IliiUtt'  l'iiiii'..'»-li'. 

Intiilfiillfiir  l^llllt^^|«"llll>■'''"■ 
K.•..^;^llplli.'lll  p.islll.itl  Mil 
lie  Ivilit.  Sill 


■tuiitt 

l.liLII 


'Jll 

nil. 


Xi 


>i 


A  I       .1 


l| 


/I 


ill 


i*il 


6M2 


INUKX. 


IIor«f  Momitnlii.Tiil 

)>i-ariii)c  iiiiil  iliHiaiii-o  friini  Puiul  Dot^aila, 3i>l. 

ill-tluiuf  from  nhori'.  I'M. 

IwiBhl. :!!'(. 
lliiniio  IVclio  111 
ll.i«oS,nill.l.%'<.!. 
Ilow.ll  l!,«k    li'.l. 

N'nrinK  hihI  tli-slrtiH'i' friim  Wtmtrr  IhIhh'I.  Ii>.>. 

how  loilVold.  li'i 

l.tloy.  IiM. 

iH'HruiK  and  <liil:int't-  froni  Wliidrr  I«lfint1,  \ff\ 
\vln<«tlitiK  t'lioy.  Ml*.!. 
Ilonlainl'-*  ;nirlior!»tfo,^uli(a  l 'liliiliii.i  l-Wiiul.T'*. 
Ilillttmrit  H  (  rri'k,  V7^ 

II111U..11. 1'oim.v.m 

lluriiiMiii'.  I'oliit.  iT.-io.M.v.'  vi.rv's  i-.i -J,  II'.,  iij.  liri. 
HiitMicnio  Sulmiurmo  ValU'v,  tlfwt  rilM-il.Sj, 
Ilii){<  ;i|H.tl1 

IfUriri;;  itri'I  ili^tiliu-i'  from  CtllH'  Killrori.  H't. 

.li'lMli  ..t  (v.ilir  ..IT.  ir> 
IliiinU.I.II    r    S  *  oii.«t  Sitrvi'V  M-l)04iiit'r.    V 

llni»ii..i.ii  liiir  :i:  T.'i.T.'i..tn,:».:«s..'»i'.i 

lluiiilx.t.K  Itiir  l.tloy.  VV. 

nuinlK.i.ll  lliiy   II,,  i>.'.  .'■'I  .il'i.  rtJ-J.  T.'.!.  IV, 

iK'urliiK  itii.l  vIl^tHIKO  froin  <  'it|M>  l-'orliiniui.  t2t. 

t']i)M<  Mi.|i.|.>(-in.i  liKltt.  .121. 
I.iioy  ..II  liliint  n  lirvl.  .Ul. 
•ir.)-.  :!2.t 

Wl.llll  of  rlilninro.  i^i. 

»«.|>i«rHti'«l  III  purl  from  ...•«-mi  li>  .tin-l  hjiKw.  :!2.1. 
fl  iKHIitn  oil  lt<'<l  Kliilffor  11  riiiii;r  in,  U:. 
Iwr.KI 

ili.|ttli  of  Witter  oii,.['JI 
%'el»H  ily  ».f  WHlf-r  on.  TJI. 
iliri'clioti*  for    ijl. 
plUtt«  ii.lri.*al.li'  f..r  .  r.M**|..n  TJI. 
(litiiK.  r..iiH  for  Hlriinm'r*.  ;i-'l. 
)i>  'lr<.^rii|ihy.  t.'l. 
t  iirri-ul«    t_'l. 
Ilglil  li.iu«.!l>.  1:1. !:!/«(.. l.'.J.Cl-i.TW,  .177. 
m'lMT.il  .lt.**-ri|>lioii.  :l,'l. 
itliiiiiinAt«'«  fill  in-  lioruon.  rji. 
if....urfti>liu-»l  |Mi«ili.iii.  tl'K 

iM-iiriiiK  itii.l  .li-.lam.f.  I..  I'lii')'  Mi.|i.|.>riiii»  litcht.TJA. 
Uiviiii  «  Itwf.  :U">. 
I'ujM.  l*'orliiT.ii.«    Ci. 
TilMi.lii.l  lluhl  lioiio'.Tri. 
ir.  ■H-.'iit  iilv  liuhl  lioii«€-    l^n. 
irt|.i.  Orfonl  liglii-lioiiM'  ;c», 
»lvliwl>ilily  of  lluhl  on  llc<l  lllilll.  r.^\ 
fo|jwhi«Hf,.ttV 
llfr-iiA\  Ihtt  nliltioli.  ^ri.'V 
l.iioyn  lot  liny  hii.1  ti|.|.roit.  Iii'«.  (2%. 
u  limtliiik'-liiioy    .-'• 

t^Mitl  ttiii-liorifcK*'  lo'Kr    t.^'.. 
liiio>  «  to  iiiitrk  till.  |t.iMitik^t*  io  tlii-  north  iiriii  of.  CJIV. 
llili-«.  l-.T 
ili«hli.  Ihi.  i'iilrniM'<'l<i  S3T 

th-.M'rit.li.>ti  «if  I  litiiiiit-l«.  .t.T. 
<li'-i-ri|.lioii  of  wliHrvi'*  Hiiil  vlUilfctt'.*.  .TJ.*. 
Waath.  r  III  till*  \  l(  ililly  of,  .i'i'J. 

Uitr>   <:'>■ 
run  f«li,  .r.-i 

1  .irly  •!<'••  ni'llolia.   f."l 

.|.*to\i.r,\    .{.".I, 

I  liillitti  naiiM-.    {-"• 

|..t..t  ri'ifulntloli*.  *^ll 
IIiiiiiIh.i.Ii.  lorl,  fj". 
Iliitnliol.il  M.oiiitalii,  irj 
llilliil~.l<ll.  Point.   !.:>> 
Ilnml>.lill  villiiKf.   .1> 
llnnil.ni,'  MoniitHiii     I'Vi,  V.!.   CI.   171.  :l»^ 

iM'tirliiK  Hii'l  .INlMlic*'  from  IIokiii.  Uivtr,  IT't 
I'orl  I  irfoni,  .CI 

Ki'oicr. iphif.nl  p.i»ilioii    :I7I 

oi-«f..r.  171 

lliinip  Uo<  k    :i.M.   IM.  r.1,  :iVl 

livlKht  :»l 

iM'itrtiii^  nil. I  .li^iiiiir*.  from  ('ri-«(N-nt  t  'Ily  hi^ht-hoiiHt*.  ;VV4. 
iM'lulili..rtiiK  rot  kK,  .I'M. 

miiiki'ii  rtH  k  nriir    l.*.| 

.1.  pill.. f  naliT  .«r Ill     tM 

IIiiiiiptolii|«  lllver  Uniy'n  llkrliur.  4h],  |s7. 


IIiililir'K  fovp.  ruw. 


K.-iu'riil  ilr.irriptiott.5(Vi 

iHJrl  in.  .ti> 

.hplh  of  mili-r.  .VM, 

iiiirboni^i..  :{('i<i, 

piiiiiki'ii  rorkw.  'WO. 

Iiv.lr.ii;riipliv.  :«?.>. 
Iliiiit»'r'.«  t'rri'k.  ;!''.'.». 

.Itntiiii...  from  K.tKii..  Kivt-r.  :ii'.'.i 

vMil.U'  rork*  o'l'.    !'^'.', 

.liHtMiii'f-  of  nioiith  from  ( 'ii|H.  Si-l.iuitiAii.  'M'**\ 
Ifiitit.r'M  IhIiiiiiI.  y.'.i. 
Iliintrr  «  I'oiiil.  17'-', 
Miiiit.r  «  U..ik,  V". 
Iliiiitink'loii  llo.  k,  .Vrj 

ili-tiiii. .'  from   r.'illinhit  lliikil.  Vrj. 

il.-.rllHil.  M'l, 

..niikrii  r..i  k  iii-iir,  .Vi;l. 
Il.irsi  I!...  k.  P.l 
llilr-l  ••I1..HI,  I'.'i 
llvKi'.lilh  \  illat;f.  <'ltilliiiii  Uiiy,  VJI. 

I. 

l.ilH-ri;  I'.. int.  1  ..p. v  l-laiol.  Ml. 

Iliiiifu*.  Itivrr.  ^.1 

llw)i«-o.  t 'oltmihiii  Uivrr.  I**'.'. 

IilllniKralion  law«iif  Hit.  riilU-'l  .'^lilt(..i  illl.l  of  t 'altforilla.  <oJ 

Imniy,  « itril.  I'.'7 

lliirtty  .S;  Solo*.  .litnicH.  7. '".7, 

Inilll  lliiv,  ■.<.^. 

-hotil  «pot  otr  Ih*.  t'tilnln..*.  to,  ViS. 
Intliiin  Nliiii.i  «pil  hnoy,  -t.*''.    t-"* 

.li«laiiri.  from  Imliiin   Ulainl,   1.*'.. 

\  i..isfN  to  i;iiri-kii  ifuxv  1 1. 1.  IV  t.i  [Mirt.  I'J''. 

\r.;ilii..r  Mil. I  UlVfi,  «larli..iir.l.  .rjiV 

lM-iirni^.«  an.!  .li^ltiii..i.H  to  iiciKlil.oriiiK  oliitHtt*.  tCIi't. 

<l|.|.lli  ..r  uiili.r  »l.  1.1'., 
liiili.iM  II  ly    177 

iinini.  I.ir  I'ort  OrL.r.l.   177 
Inforiiiatioii  I'.. 11.  .'riiiim  pilot  ieKtihtlioii.1.  ihl7. 
Iiili.l ,  A.lmiralty,  ."■I'.i,  'iji.  1.;-..  J 17.  .VIH.  Ml.  Ss\  '>90.  .VJ5,  ill'.).  li;;\  I'.:' 

li.i.i.r«,r..r.,i','>. 

ll.irraril.%7'l..\«'.>. 
»  iirr'».i'..'l.i.'JJ.  i.STi, 
I  'nrro.  r.is, 

<  'B."«''»,  .'>H«.  r..""!,  I",>,  Iwll'., 

<  'o.i(M.r,Mi>. 
|i>i''-, ''rfk'i. 

1:1.1  •;.'... 

llamllliTMly.  »'»l(l. 

Sxiki-  .M'l.  Mi: 

\\'|.pil*|.|  .i'.*-*i'.. 
In»lior..  .iirriiit.  Kbvi.Noii,  .'Hw.  mi.  :l>i6,  W.i,  TI7  l-ii,  IVi,  |-.7, 
lllnklp  lUiik.  I'llKt't  Hoiiii.l,  li^l. 

MJtillltlOII,  I'.'.'-t 

ill  pill  of  wiiti-r  nii.i'.'J  t. 
rnrr.'iil«.r.'il. 

kmi.in.i.*  Ni«.(iirtn>   riul«. ''.*il. 
Iiitcrimiloiirtt  rP4iilrttl.in.t  to  pri'\..nt  .  .ini..ioii^  lit  ^t.a,*il7, 
llitro.lii.  Hon  7. 
liiHtrn.-tioii*  to  luiirtni'r*  in  iu*»-  of  «liip«n-i'k,ii.'iS. 

Iiiv ihl..r..ik   il7^t<  .'II 

l.ii.iy  iC. 

•  itnat ',;I7 

ilaiiKi-r*  -  IT. 

iH'iiitiiu  anil  .Imtali.  I- to  Wliilim;  U...  k  l.iio\  .'J.'l7 

l.a.il  Prollo'i  lixhl  li..ii<i'.'.:!7 
Pi. ml  .~,iii  P.il.l.,  J!7 
.Milat..  Point,  ilT, 
II.'.I  It.Bk    .'17 
W  Inirf  «t  "^.11.  i/.iriiliii,2t7. 
Till'  st.ii.r*   .'17. 
Irl«h  Oiilih   rt 

Ulit.ti.-   .\mliro«l.i   Siiila  I'lii/  Nl.iii.l     vl 
Mil  .li-<  Irt..,'.".!. 

Man. I.   MiHln./,  I7«    I «.'    IM.  I  ■«.'i.   I«'..  !■''«.   I'J".  :;"7. 'JKl.  i>*.  --I 
.M.xan.h  I.  Vil,  'iiri 
.\Mhii   V>.'I 
.Miiuni-i.  *•-.  I'J.  V(.  M.  V.',  VI,  H.  .Vl,  v.,  !S7.  liT,  f-t.  "'.'   »1,  ' 

HI*,  '.I.I. 

Anilrnuiii.  r.;j.  A'JI. 

\iiKfl,  I"',  Ki,  Kl.  PC.  iw.  H'J.^m,  ■JPJ,.^'<.  '2*.i'l'.i,  Jtl.Jl 


r ' 


INDEX. 


683 


Isliiliil.  llaiiiliriilKf.  I)ir>.  i'ill9,Cin. 
lliiri'.  .'viM. 
hitriH'ti,  1^6**. 

ii<'iiiiii>'k.  5ii,Mn,sm. 

r,,'ri'ii».  MM,  M'J. 
Uliiik.'vST. 

niiiki'.  1.1(1,  (irAw^i.fiiH, 

llliiki'ly.  V,'.'.  Ml,  M'/i. 

ll(i\vi'ii,  riM.'*. 

|lr,p..k»,  iv.i.  -M7. 

Hiirriiu.*.  '>*'{. 

I  immni.,  Xn.  .V.ni.  fjici,  fill. 

Iliiiniirl,  ;t.l. 

ChiilliiiTii.  -..Vi,  .'vV),  ,V)7. 

(■l,t|.|.-.  Jll. 

Clink.  M.-. 

('4irt>mnl»ij4.  12. 

('nm-«'nl,  177. 

Cypif.i".  VV.'.  M.I,.W>,  Wl. 

Ihiny,  Vi7,  ^7'.^ 

Ihiy,  fiil. 

Duailmiiii'H.  :I7,  S«.  :i'i,  in,  II.  li,  i:i. 

l>onitiir.  5(VJ.  .Vi-l. 

IH'iflili.iii.  .'•fWl. 

IVBlriuti.ill.  I'.«i.  I'.fJ,  I'J!,  I'.P'i.  I'X.,  l'.)7,">lfi. 

llilimr.  VMi. 

DJHiiiviry,  .Mli,.').'!*!,.'!!)!,  ■')il. 

n.  .ikIh-i.  ».'i7. 

KuKlr,  '■-•. 

Kill.  IXJ. 

Kli/.u,  v>s.r.7i,r.;2. 

ICntninit'.  ^'^», 

Ki.liilmi.  •'■'■.I . .•nH,.V«l, IKTJ. 

KisK>*'"il,  M'-. 

I'Miil   lull.  V-"'.. 

I'"i)\,  iv.Ki, tijl,ri2-.'. 
(;iiliriiil«.'v«i.'>'>7. 
<iulial)>>,  ■'>^1. 
«).-iliii-y.  Vw.VjiJ. 

(iiiHl,  KrI. 
<iiimh,S7'--. 

<lrnml.  VA. 
Ilriiliiilu. '•>«■. 
tlMll,'.i'.i. 

lliililml.  ■•Tf*. 

Ilurtm-nr,  •'-''. 

Ilanllmy,  .li"). 

HiMiry,  .v.7.Vis, 

llllK.  J'Ki. 

Iliiiilcr»,  WJ. 

liiillaii,^r.>n,:i'iM. 

.!«.k,5711. 

,iiiiiie«.  mi,  i'.ii.i,.vii,S(ii,^n,5iv.',.')i'>4. 

.I.-«»l.-,  .'i'C 

Kilrun.  r..-.',wi,iai. 

Kil»<in.  'iJi. 

Kllifiil.  v.il..V.r.'.««. 

LoK,  177. 

IjillK.  t7il.  177. 

1..>|«-I,  Wl,  S<-.j. 

r,iininii.V.7,V,'.i,r,7:l  '>7l,fai. 

Mi'N.'il.'i'JI.il-'J.iVJl. 

,Mtirrii\vhli»lir,  V.ll.  .V.l.i. 

Muliii.V'.'i.  riTil 

Miiiiry,iil.l.r,l\c.ir.,fil'.i. 

MHym-.  ."«''l 

MIniir,  VM 

MtinU-/.llliiit,'JI-'^. 

Miiri'xliy,  .Vnl.  Vix,  'iMl. 

Moniiitii    II 

Nrw.-iiilli-.  VW. 

(Ilmlrm  lliiii.'pftV. 

(triiiH,  V.J  vv%. .'.lift. 

Oiiill.  MC.  ■■««.  .MO. 

I'liNmiiet',  SKI, 

puliii.  .V»"i.  Vv*.  ■■li'.l,  '>7i.  'il'i  .171. 

l-i'lliIlT    .V\1.  .'1S| 

iMiiiiiipiiii'.i.m 

rini'.  «7il 
l-ri  «liin.  rni 
I'rrvcMmt    %i| 

rrliiw,  07  ui.'.iu.i'xi,  Jili,3«l. 


iHlunil,  l>riili'<'luiii.  .'i;i:l,.'i.K'i,r>,'>3,.'iSG. 
iiiicc,  .'il'.i,  ."ill.  r)7H. 
Itiittlt'Miinki'.  :|N,  40. 
U<H'.  21X 
H<iiiiiil.  177 
UuuiKlt'il.  rHi'J. 
Itiii-kcrH,  J!I,'J1.'>. 
SluiiiMli,  .S70. 

Hiim'l<.iiuMilr.  l'.l..!7,IW,lV.I,7n.7I,72,7.1,7l,7'),7ri,SO,  81,82,87. 
Si\u  .luan.  ^).'"il,  .Vi7. 
S:iii  l.ii.';t.s.  ss,  '.in, 
.Sill  .M  iK"l-l.  1 1 .  I'.l.  ■':':  '>7.  W,  I'..'..  W,  n7.  H«.  il'.i,  711.  '.HI,  111 , '.«.  iJi.l 

di-iripliiiii  iif,  '.!.. 

i-Iiniatii  i.nii.lilHin..,  '.i.;, 

|;r<>Kra|>liii  al  p.iHilioli  iif  \vi  sli  rii  liiilnl.'.l^. 

Hi/.i'  uf.  ••:;. '.i7. 

ki'lp  aroiiiiil.'.il. 
liy<lri>Ki'a|iliy,'.i|. 
(■urr4Mit.i  *.i|, 

oil   W.!ll.'.l|. 

ilatimTH, '.II. 
rofks, '.II. 
aiirliitnit;i..s, '.)!'•. 
lilies, '.17. 
iHitit  laiiiliiii;, '.17. 
dth.-iiyiTfil  l.y  *  "Hhriilo.'.l.'i 
iiaini-il  .liiiiii  Koilriniii'/.  Iiy  I't-rri-'lM,  i.lS, 
San  Itcnuirdi' liy  \'i/i-aini». '.w 
Santa  Kii-a  )>.\   rt-i;'/.. '.i>*. 
San  MiK'H'l  I'v  Vaiii-oiniT.  '.ii 
l.a  l»l.Ml'.|a  Pii.i»i'.n  l.y  ( ■ul.nllo,'J!i. 
iaii  Nl.tilas,  17,  il>,  li  I.  70.  7  t,  7il.  S2. 
San   rlninia.»,'.i.l. 
Sanil.  l.'>7,  l.">i.  Hill,  1117,  H.'.i 

.Sanla  lliirliani,  in.  1 1.  -M.  "i7.  IW.  il'.l,  7r..  -1 .  N2.  i;!,i,i:l,  I'.ifi. 
Santa  Calalina.  I'.l,  1  .  !7.  11.  II.  I.'i.  ■■!",  l.>.il'.i,7l,77  7-,  7i.l.Sil,  .HI, 

SH, 
Santa  ( ■rll/..  I''.  .-.2.  .'i  i. .'«."..  "n,  'I'l,  M,  117,  H,s.  7:1, 7il,  si .  s2,  S3, sl,  Si, 

Ml.  "^7.  "^i,  ^'.1.  'I '.  '.12,  'Xi,  '.!■*. 
Sanl.i  Mar«llriitu. '.'i 

Santa  linsa.  I'.l. .'i:!. .'i7, lii;,liH, Kl, ss,  w,l, ',K,I. 'Jl,  '.I2.'.ll!, '.w,  Uy. 
Satllrna.  .\Vi..Vt'.i. rj72, .Vi2, 
Seal. 21.1.211, 21.-.. 
Si<.kli..i.  Van,2ll.2|.i. 
Snlni'V.  Vv.<.  772. 
Sim.Iali-.."»il2.  ■')i'il,.'>70. 
Skiiijii'k,  Vvt..-,7I. 
Sniltli'H.V'l 
Sinlt;.  I7IV 

Siintliwi-HI.  .Vkl,  .VVt. 
Stuart.  V>ll..%>H,.i72. 
Smiu.  VIM,  .W.!.  .'t7.'l, 
raliHull.  .M.l.  ''17  '.|1,  VJII.  .-WW, 
rnal.Mil.  M 
■rninli".  V.- 

VinoiHiyi-r,  i--',  -  .     :.    'IIL^I-X, Wi. 

Va,-li'.n,r>'<H.r.ll,lUJ,ll|l«,S15,  (ilS.lilK. 
Xi.n.li.vl,  WJ.WI, 
\V,uiil'lilll.'i2l,V.'i.  Ml. 
Walalla  I'Dinl.  2itl.  2im. 
W  al'lriin,  .'"i. 
Wale...  :i.'ill. 

WImli-r,  1117, 1"\  lim.  110.  111.  1  111    117,  11-. 
Wlii'll'i'y.  "'I'*,    il'l.  V.I.  vm, "nil, •.111. .">--,  V.I.  V.i|,V.ls,V.|i.). 

\V ly.  iri 

Vt-rlia  lliii'iia,  l-l.  1-7.  W-,  21H,2I-,  220,  22»,2iri. 
Yonnt;,  'ail 
l-laii'l  \ncliiiraK<'.  Iiay.i.2ii. 
I,.lan'l  Kni.li,2'.i|,2'.i."i 

nil  knii"ii  iliini,'i'iMi>ll.-''.i|. 
IhImii'I    Km  k,  17 1,. 177. 

ilftp  wattT  ariiiliitl,:i7l, 
»!/,'■.  171, 
NIa-  HesuTta..!  iCiT'inailui  l»lanil-i,U. 
Islasili'  San  Martin.  II. 
IhIi'k  Ni-'klT.llSi 

Nli'l.  Vlil"-y.  I'm. .'Mm, 'ml, 
llalil  '.".'i. 'lOii- 
lliilfi.ril..'>|:l 
lliHli.ltili."»i'.i. 

Carnill   I'.m,  I'li.  ■n>r.,.'.i»i,lvi7..'iO'.l,S10,.'ilS..'il(l,517. 
t'lMinnil.J.'iS, 
Cliliuiicy  Itock,  I'JtJ. 


1- 


'I' 


m 


8 


n 
f'  M 

hi 


li  fl 


m^ 


.■J'*'  'i    'f! 


i. 


b>i>i 


V        » 


|:j  I  *  ■: 

if'  ! 


'  -0  I 
#1  '  s: 


|i 


6S1 

lili-t.  Kivr.ITI 

JrtKk'*'*!.  I7\ Nits  V17. MIS. 
>l..r»..  i:i.  in 
S<Hrt'!ftry,.M-V 

t.l/0.  .v'll 

tit-plli  of  W:ilrr  ttrotiihl.  bM 

hruriMK  iumI  •liolnih-f  from  St.  (ii'orK*'  liuliltii)UIM>,:t&l. 
iiittrk  for  4  ItiiiHM-t.  LM 
Utlitmit  r,.\r,  -^jinlu  *  itliiliiiii  IftUml.H,  l.\77.7\7V. 

a.jMTiUMi  ::. 

riH'k«»  tiiii)  tlaiijciT-i.TT.  7** 
Miit-ttontKt^  7**, 
«*rll«.  7'» 
Kro^ntpliMitl  |M>*iilioti.  *43 

It.-ftiui  '•lioii!.  I'liKfl  S,Mili.|.tVrt 
(It'l'tli  of  w.tUT  on.  't^'t 
nuirknl  !■>   tmo>    fiJft 

tH'rtriin;  iu>'l  tliMaiitTto  Mo«Mly  INniit, ''>J^, 
I'oinl  \Vilf*oii  <,i^ 
Ihi  kt'THoii  i\iiitt,ri2A. 
Ivemoii  1  jiihltiik:   >'7.  ?*Vs 

|iriit*'' t«it  friiMi  nortliwcsl  wwi'll.  J'^7. 
Niinitiit-r  liiiihiiji  '-•'■? 
iiiiH>rintc  t'n..>  •  .'•.:. 

nolwitli-taiHtm^  m<  >nll)»  (-•>(  •twcU,  JC7. 
i:\»nnnii>liinti  position.  ."iVs, 


.Tark  UIaixI.  IWUtiiKlmtn  IUy,^7T). 
.Iu4  kiiA**  i  one.  .".*'* 

V:tll.  V  illi.t  .Tifk     y.f.l. 

iiciir  Norlhport.  J'.'y. 

Iiiltliiili-   .'V^. 
Jnttih-  »n«  k.  32< 
J««i:«''*  Islitit'l.  47%. 
.luiu-*  Nlnii-1,  t^iillihiitf  Ulvcr.  I'.«<.  499,  Ml.  500,  SOft. 

.i»-»criU-.l,'-i.{ 

c^ixr  umlf  r    'Kit. 

i;<'»>Kri*|'lin«!  |»iMit)on,  Vi3. 
JaiiM—  l-'lii!^'!.  UtMUirii*  Siratt.  WJ.  V.| 
.i«kh.mI  i-u-t.  %(«■..  -^r  M% 

(m  AriitK  Hrxl  <li<«tHii< «'  frtitii  t  \  pf  .lotiiisuii.  At>(>. 

tle-HTiUiJ    'mi. 
Jtivn  ll»««!.  Ciiiiii;  (It    Il.iro   %%*.  'i73. 

t«liinfl  ofT.  \%"i 
.IrniH  I'oiiil    V  iiivt  '*<>iiihI.  '"■.*!! 
I.  t!«THoM  I*..it.i.  onftH  t.iii 

tiffitt  of  \«rtUT  orr.  fliKt. 

»  urrciil*.  '"'tt 

l«uriiiK  atMl  «liiaanc«*  Ui  Writ  Poiiii  liK)it-lt<iii<4V  f'OI. 

U<i()ittMoit  I'oint  ttuht-liiiuM',  roi. 
|{i-<«lontttoti  Puiiil.  (ii>l. 
.It-«<.lc  Ul.in't.  lNi*rti»re  liny,  S«7 
,1«  ■•II*  MiirtH  <  n*<k    !i<r>. 

JiiM*  row  I'ninl.i  ul'iiiihu  UivtT,  l<'>2.  irkt.lOl. 
f«it<htt!oii    K-l 
f  urnitl*  ot»  tOi. 

InTHM-k    <o|.ftll*  Mfil<!     |SH 

.lohii  •»  liivi-r  f-riiy  m  llnrtH»r  4^1 

JohiiMti.  i'n\H'  iy:.%n:(.'p(H.'iifi.'>'C.5<»*. 

.lohrt'Mni  N  I  n-r'k    if* 

JohiiKoii  M  Lii-.^HtitUt  Ito^H  UIhimI,  **•.». 'Ji. 

il«'>wnlHM|.  ./J 
.lohnao'i  K  I'odit    l*iiK<t  '*tMiii«i  • .:'» 

nitrtic  for  M. ►..•!>    I'oint   »i^ 
Jiiliii<Mjit  N  Utile  h  itiu  liornKt*  SniilH  ('iilttliim  lMlanil.7H. 
.InttitlliHii  ICtnL.  i%J    LVt,  eVi,  LV> 

piiiikrn  f'M-k.  l'»l 

lirfr»k*  nlilv  in  InrKi*  f  Wi  I  U    tM 

iM-nriiiK  «inl  'liHlAnt^  fmni  <  rcwinl  Tiiy  ItKhl  hou)ir,.'r>4. 
North^i'iii  will  nick. :iM. 

i|t-)>(li  of  u  itUT  Hruuitd,  f^i 

why  nnini^t    CM 

Jonlan  Idvcr.Ml, 


INDKX. 


.Iiiini  t\v  l-'iK  HSlruiUnr.  in. 
.lUK-hiKnllr  <  ri'ck,  i'^' 
JiiptU't   iltlN.4>t.Vt'ii'J,  tkt5. 


Kiilii  rmnl    Port  'ruwii»««:'t|..V.)| 
KnliiiiH  riitV.  utl.tiM 

niltiiilntii.  a>l 

rtM-(»Kii>'*'<l  l>V  f*itii<l  uloiiK  iliiiii'H  iklonu  nliori*F(,<'l(U. 
kMniuini'M  *^lruit,  17_V  JUi.  I'll .  JIJ.  J|:i, -'t.^ 

<ll>pt)l   ol     Ulll.T.'.'lJ. 

Niiihnu;  tlirt-t  titiMo.'JI.! 

\\Hrt'lioii»i'H,  Ji.;, 
Kitrtnk  Itivt T   ff*. 
kn\rMir<j> .  xloop  of  wui,  I'll 
K(*lu-ht<nw  lult  KiviT.  ■'»<'■-' 

i|i»tiuH'4' from  AlriHndir  !'«t»ii'l.  rWfJ 
Kftltr'H  ^helliT.SiinlH  ^lo^l^a  lliiv  <i»m'rilM  H.  4"* 
iiiM  Itorj.'-.  I** 

Krlifie,  .Mt«MrT%,M»'.  %r  vi»  v.'i. vl^.^l'(.^4! 
KrllfitH  Li.lj;,'.  Ko  .irmsimit  r»   ,. 
Kt*l|»  K«-or,  (  uiiiil  'If  Ilnro.V)7.V)y, 

lllArki'tl  hy  kelp.  V>7,  Vi'i. 
K.nyon,  I'orl.:^-^! 
Krrii  UiviT.'-il. 
Krlron  Nl.iml.f.a'i.fVJ.t.oai. 

Ki'iirnil  itfttrlptntti. tt'il. 
KJlH-»ilIiili  l,.»n.htm,-**.M''.t-'\.':'.K 

IH-Mnnu  lUnl  iliHlani  r  tnirit  Newport  I,iLlt<lillK,  JVJ. 
I  Imritt  t( T  iif  (  oiiMt  liiu*,J<J 
(■i)\i'.  _VrJ. 

iHuriiiK  itiHl  <li<»tnni-v  from  To  nit  I.tiitunti.  -'fi. 
LuKiiiui  Point.  -"/J. 
wnnktMi  nn  kH.'^.rj. 
w  tuirf. -.'i. 
DO  itiooritiK^.  '."A>. 

Hnr.tii  "(--fani  rnU'rinK'tt  lit**  Iii'ik)  of. '293. 
vlllii^i"  n<  ar.  ."»- 

kniiwn  tir*   \<  kt'riniiiiirn  lju)ilitiK,2V*'i^. 
KiU-^-iIluh  Kock..".'!, 

In  till' iipproH*  h  to  NfWfMirt  l.timlii't;, '-.»' 
Ix'itrin;;  iiml  iliHtaiici-  froni  I.itumi.i  Point/.*^it. 
(Irpili  of  wat»  r  ariMiu'l,  Ten-MiU-  Kivtr.-''Jl. 
KiU»*itlitti  \'iIlaK(^. '*'''-'' 
KlllMiii  MuM-l.v.il.V.rj.V.iS 

Kilitllt    Prnitixnla.  Vjn. 
Kiniit    Mount    ^'f*. 
Kim  111   ...■  Pon.t   M7.4I'J. 
KImk  P.ak.   .'Tl mi,  :!ift.;>W. 

(Ii<«tanr«'  Irttni  nlittn*,  •tun. 

hi-lKlit,  f  il..'li<K. 

limit  of  vtHihilily.  -HA 

Ix-itrin^  an-t  ilmtutirt'  from  Point  hrltrndn,  IMA. 

Kfo^raplin  itl  poMlttoii.    itiTi. 
KIlHoii  I>.|aiiil.  naim-  for  Kctron  iHtantl,  'CI. 
KiwanilH.  rup«>.  |J>«.  4{it 
K  lainalli.  l-'alM-.  M2. 
Ktannitli  uolil  iiitiit',   ■fi'J. 
Klamath  lli^rr.  tW    Il't.  :(|| .  .US.  :f>7.  tTit. 

diMaii.i-  of  month  from  <iohl  Hlntl     til. 

Koikv  l'i>iiil,:Ul. 

KAMil  U-iiili  Hi  th<-  iipi-ninK.  -(H- 

\Mllllt   of       {II. 

roik*  I"  lUv  stiiitti  "f.  311. 

P.(/iV    >!-■ 

I«»r  nnl*ii|f  llir  rnlf  im  »-,  .'ll'J. 

ill  pi h  of  \iat«-i  on  not  kniiwn.  M2. 

namiNl  from  llie  tnU   ui  Imliaiin.   tIJ. 

huiilfitll  oit.  :i|-J. 
KlaH  i:<Kk.   IliMMlNI'aiial,  •i'J'».'Wtl. 
KhM.kfli  li.Hk    rs   Cii  i::,:tK;(   lH|.:wft, 

liearuiK  ami  iIIhIhih  o  from  Tli  huuorH  Kuck,  375- 

NUf,      C% 

ejuiily  Ni'i-n  nt  a  (liatniuH*.  '17%. 
Km»h.  Iilnml.  I'M.  '-'*>%. 
Knoll.  Pilnl,  ri. 
Knoll,  Whaler  It.  I  t<.  \  f^ 
Klinx  I'nilil,  Kt. 
Kottlali  Pniiit    Nfiali  Itay.  %J1.  V2-J. 

(Nurlnu  ami  .li-.lan.i*  from   I'al.MMih  l-iaml  liKlil-lmune.  %2l. 

(Ii  pth  of  water  oil    VJl 
Ko.m  Hay.  .*«7.  Ml.   m.  :p.ifS,  .W7.  lui. 

tlUlatitr  from  (  ttiM*  <*regory,  VJl. 


11 


INDEX. 


685 


:!<!.  ^%. 


Kiios  Itay  Ciintlnncd. 
.Ir«rll>i'<l.  f.iT. 
Imr,  W. 

ilrptli  «if  wnt<*r.  W7. 
rliiilini-l  wiiy.  ;t'W. 
liiflM  to  tiiivignttoti.  'f.H. 
minki'ii  roclcH  lu'iir  Kmiilro  Pity  wlmrf,  :W.). 
tlilcK,  .m. 
(■ilrrtMttf*.  lilO. 
inruninK  «>t  nn»>Ct  1<^*- 
tiiiiKix*)'*'  viiniitioii,  4<K), 
Kood  lli'ii.l.  :f.n.  P.il.  iw;,  :f.M,  .MJ. 
siluii(i<iii.  T.il. 

hi  iiriiiK  nil. I  .lidtiinii-  from  I'lipi'  <)rc>rory  IIkIiI-Iiihiso,  :»I. 
lllti'liiiruKt'.  T.il. 
((fonrniiliu'ul  po'*ilion.  :ftw. 
tnaKiii'lic  viiriution,  •V.fi. 
Kiiod  liivi  r.  :mi. 

Kot/il ,  liletl.  1~.  i!",  Wl. 

Killo  Killil  Point,  WiutlllllKtoll  IIi»rl)o-  S.a. 

Kllllll.1iff.K\'\['     li'.l. 

Kworimli  I'uinl,  <  Jiilf  of  (oMirniil,  fiTS,  .177. 

ili'lilli  of  \viit>r  oil,  r>7,') 

li.-lKlit,r.77. 
Kyiliikii  r..iiil,  Si'riih  liny,  5j:i, 

ili'plli  of  wiittT  oir.  Wl. 

Hiuikrti  rot'k^*  lu'ur.  -'i.'^t. 

■.. 


\M  Itiilloim  l'.>rt.  Siinlu  Monica  Hay,  K  17. 

<li«irllK-.l,  17, 
l.aCniA  Itoik.  l.T.lL'li 

aiu'liorugt"*.  rj7. 
I.a  (ialiluta,  lit. 
l.a,lolla,2.'<,  W,  •11. 
I.a  Mi'Bii,'  ape.  |l«,  117.  41" 
IM  I'layi.,  .''nil  Dii'lto  Hay.  17,  I"*.  2".  -".!.  24,  2^, 

till.'",  ■i^. 
l,a  i'rtoii»..,  rii.Ml.  r:,  H.I,  .ml.  ii'i.  :i',;i.  ;!.-.7.  :;7o, 

5|s, 
Iji  1'iirli.iiiia  Mi»«ioii,:i:i.  r.i. 
|j«s.  ir  I'oinl.  I'.i 

I.a  Vii-loria  NIaii.l    Sao  (  li'minl<>  Manil',  71. 
I,a  ViniiKlookool  llllh,  .VI,  IJI.  Ill 

Lafayi-ltf  Park,  >a.i  Iniii.  wo,  a^lroiioiiii.al  slation,  U. 
I .,11!.. ..II,  AIiIhjIIm.  -'I'.l 

l!iK.:»i'. 
Diir,  S'Jti. 
stoii...  :ilii. 
l.»KHiift  am  lioraifi'  .liwrilx'.l,  11 
l,iiKiiiia  Poiiil,  11,  .-.11,  ■•.!.  ft2,  v,.  ■i.V..  -..'.I.  ■.-Jl,  ■i'.n. 
L.ai  iiiu  an. I  .li-taii.  •■  from  Point  I  ■al.rillo,  :"■'■>. 
Iri'iii*  of»lioi.'  l.itlii-nortliof  2.*.!. 
rtff  ixt.  li'ln  ffoin  lliiTXlriiiiilN  of.  2VJ. 

niinkrn  rork.<  outniili'.  -«'. 
hri'iik..."'..  2H'.i. 
.Ii.plli  o,  waliT  olV,  UXfl. 
U^.o^nipliual  poHilioii.  '£f9. 
niri.aiii  ii.otli  of,  Z""!. 
LilKiiiia  l.iiii.linn.  ■is'.l. 
Hitnatioii.  -^i. 
lll.plll  of  ivaItT,  JK-l 
wliarf.  W.I. 
Ill.Hiriiit^M.  '-".HI. 
l.nKlina  il«  la  .Mi'r.  til,  170. 
UiKiina.  l!".l.-o,  1""1- 
l.attiinii». '■  ......la  .I.- la-,  .1.  "'Ti'*''.  ■"• 

Laull-i".  <ira>  «  'liillior,  1^1. 
l4»ki'.l'alnpl.<ll'".""'' 
(■roi.k*.r.i..t.'i 
Ih.vlln.  !.''• 
i.:Brl,:il'>,:l.i.< 
Klori-.W.i. 
11111,1111). 
Ni.\v,:lx«, 
«)M.||,M1I. 
San.l.l.lil.  i:tl. 
Tiilil.init'li.  •'**. 
Talawa.  ■!.''>* 
Troiil  4i'> 
•imttko.w.  nil. 
I  iiioii KlfiliHl. 
\Va!.liiiinloii."IM 


.  4 19,  IM, 


I.Hki.,\V<inkiiik.iai,in«. 
Lake  lltitti'H,  :I7(I. 

ilislaiici.  fr UoKUi.  Itivcr,.'i7n, 

l.akt.  Muiititaiii.t'ypr<'M.H  lHlaiiil.''>f..\ 

hi.iKlil,.'iiV). 
I.AI1IIHH  .HlaKi!  i.oniuict.oiiH  Willi  tiaviotu,  1I>1. 

l.oM  .Mainoa,  104. 
(liHtaiirf  from  I.aliipoi'  Landing.  11)4. 
I^tliipor  l.niiiliiiK.  1(11. 
location.  111). 

lifarliiB  ami  distniKC  from  Point  .XrijiKll".  Ii>l. 
Point  PurlHiiiia,  1U4. 
wliarf, Mi/.n  of,  ln|, 

approat'lii'H  to,  not  kooiI,  KVI. 
exti'iisivc  wari'lioiiHen.  MM. 
veHH|.|,s  moor  to  Imoya.  llH. 
/.'linmfriitO(»r,  ship, 221. 
ItiiiiiliiiK.  .\iialiuiiii.^l.'.,  :17, 40. 
.Viiiesporl.  Pi'.i. 
.\iiiU.rHoii,  1.'12. 
Apton.  Iin. 
Arnii.llo,  im. 
lU'iir  llarlior.:!00. 
IliK  Itivi.r,  2SI. 
Ilililcr  Point,  203. 
llla..klo.k,:ws. 

ito\v(.irH,2i.i. 

Hriilwi'port,  274, 
Cariiiiitiria,  .V.I. 
CaylU'os.  117. 
(•ollinM.2ii.'>. 
Cornwall,  216, 
Dnvi'iiport'M,  1,11, 
DumaiiV.  2,14.  2.18. 
l.;iu.y's,.Vl(l. 
Ku.|il.<.21l'.,;i2,S. 
Ki.ili  lioi'k,2lKl. 
<)Bviota,r.l. 
(lil.Hon.  1 II. 
(iolola,M,lV!. 
(iieiiiwooil  <'rcok,275. 
Ilainillon.  1:17. 
llooktoii.T27. 
Mot  Spriiiii^.  1:12. 
I  viTHoli,  2117,2111. 
Kilii'Millali.2y2..«A298. 
I.aKUna,  2M'.I. 
Ijimpoi.,  IIH. 
l.i-min;wi.|l'M,  121. 

IM.WM.lll.  111. 

.My.-r'i.  :l2r..^2S. 

.Mallanlm.  liw. 

:\!ills,  11.1. 

.\iivarro.'277. 

Nrw  llavi'ii.  271. 

N,.wporl,:ll,:;ll,2T2,2ai,2'.l5,2M. 

Ni-iplally,«V2:l. 

Mpaiiiri'ili'k.2l-.«.2I-.1. 

Norlllp..it.2'.l>.. 

I'li.jaro.  III.  111.111. 

PiirtiiiKlon,  I:I2. 

l'ii..|.l.ii.ri.l. 

KohkIi  anil  I!i'iwly.2li7. 

l(..ili.'B,2.M. 

I{|.:i:.!aii  (illll'll, 2.111. 

s:-lin«M.  111. 

Salt  !    .  iit.2i<'. 

Sam.    ■    '»,  2rvi.2ri..l. 

SaiKinrl.  I  !>'>. 

Sli'i'ii-'-.-'l.T 

Stewtirfs  Point, 2('>2, 

TaliiiivnMi.l, 

lllili.  AlH''«,27r>. 

Waililill'i,  112. 

\V Bit,  I  12, 

Wllitc,  111. 

Wllliami,  I'll. 
LaliKli'y.  I'>i>i'''  ItHi'r.MI. 
I.aruillr..wii  l!,..k,  :l.M2. 

.lislaiic'i-  from  Talilr  l{oik.:lS2. 
Ui'lp  n<'ar.:IK2. 
I.a«  llrtliai.  ;H», 
l.ii.sllmllaHCn..'k,Haii  llii'k'o  Hay, 21. 


1  ^., 


IL 

<i 


1..  ! 

1 


n 


68G 


INDEX. 


ill  I:  I 


Ia-h  I'ltiui  l\>u)l,  ^^ll^t4l  lUtrlmni  cliiinnrl,  .'tA,  .VH, 

Ijk  TulniiH  I  rii'k   1" 

I jLiini  I'iiiiii  J».  n.  :n>. X.  :w.  «:i. 

I  Awri'ii(-«\  riiinl,  V*!,  .v;7. 

Ij»wm»'<».  I'urt, 'n"/*. 

I^iw-*.  In>iill!t.  for  l!u'  hitrUir  iif  Sim  Frniu-t-MN), ftH. 

Ijiutt  for  tlir  i>n>t«Hiii>ti  itfititU  to  nuvl^iilitin,  liMWt. 

I^iwn  pil.'l.  ITI 

|j«w«*ttn  UimT,  Kti-^jiriit  ^^tfiitt.  WJ,  VM,  V'll. 

.l...rilK-.l,  M.l 

iiiurk.-.l  l.y  k.-lp.  v,l 

i!i-(illl  'tf  w  utiT  nil  liriil  iirnniiit.  .v.!. 

I.il.iy,  VII. 

t>«itrinK  Hittl  tlixlHiu^'  lo  |)f4-<>|ilittii  IhIhixI,  V>1. 

thi-  %%'i-nt  {NMDl  of  ttiirn>w*t  l-^tiitHl, 

V.l. 
■^iiiltli  I'-liiiiil  IikIiI-Iioii-u'.  Mil. 
I'l.ihl  l'.itlriili;iv  .'"'I. 
l.rMillxlUrl'..ml,slii.iilwiilir  lliiv    •'.>    I'.'    ITJ    17  !.  171.  IT.'..  «T7,  In". 
t>fHrliii^  iinil  tllttaiKi-  (nun  t'ii|>4-  lhxii))|Hiintiiii'iit.  17. 1 
.livriU.!.  17; 
K<-oitt.i|.l.i.iii  ii.i.ltl..li    it:!. 
iiiiiiii'K  for    17.1 
I^Iki',  HriMfliy,  1'7,  M") 
Kiilrv.  M.I 

I  Mli.r«<lo.  IS- 

lioi^    l.ln. 

Ki.rl    I' I    W. 

(illlniln    li.J 

Ki'llitt  X..VV!. 

Miiwi'l.  .if.!. 

li.xk.v.  III. 

\Vy<k.iir.  •.•(. 
I.of1liiK»<':i  .4  l.ttn«lMi)i.  IJI. 

ilirr.  lM>t>  II  IK  I  .llHtutii-i    froni  Sun  Sinit'oii  whiirf,  121, 

nn  »  ll.ilf  tlliTr.  I.'l. 

vii>..~m1  I,,  111,   ,H.  Ill    Ul. 
/.»  K  l».  -trillll'f*hl|.  1'*^-' 

l<wi!i  mill  I  lark.-.  <ili'.l    IJ"    tl".  H2.  IT.',  IVi.  fit,   IVi.  Ii'.l,  »r,2,  IRI, 

ITii.  I7'v  r.'J. 
1.4'n  i«  mill  c'Urke'H  itiviT.  ('iitiinibiH  Kivi-r,  t'lii.  I'.I 
l.ifi.-lMiKl.  n'«.«  111*  Willi.  r.Vi 

l.lfi'-SHViiii;  -Mri  iiT.  ii*t  of  MtMlloiiH  on  I  lit'  I'licilii-  |..uu«t,  iiVi 
l.iTi*  tMix  iiiK  "tiitioli    I  .i|>i'    \ni^ii.   {'.Ml. 
I.IkIiI  Ili'iiiM'.  .\ilut',  .'i7",  .'>■!■-'  'iNi. 

.\<lMilrHUy  llrii.l.  .M7.M-.  MS  Vil,  V,J,  VW.  .Vtl  .V.l|.  V.di, 

AI.'Hinkr  Mmiil.  ITI.  ITS,  ITT.  IT'*,  I"!,  !•«.  Ii!.  IM.  Iwi, 
K,  K-.  !•<■.>    JlT.-lr.i,  JII,'JI2.  ail,  il\  2li;,  2I.S  ;l»,£JO. 

<  ii|>.'  H.'il.'    ''r,  ',15  \11  \TJ 

<  »1M    |ii.ui|i|-iiiiliio'iil    :7j.  •'''■>.  nil. 'J'  I."-'.  IJT,  l.li,  i.m, 

III.  1I-.  Ill  ixi  IM  |i..'  ir.-i.M'i 
C'bjic' 'iri'Kory  ,  IT.i   M.'  T.«   Ivl  J.i'i.  I'«;    i'.iT    !'i"  im.  mi, 
UH.  liK,  ill),   IJI,  iXi.  I2T,  fv\.  Ill    li'.i    I.VI.   I.'i«.  ITS. 
fil.S. 

r«iH'  Ml  loiiH'iiiii  ::2.  m.  rjn,  i.;i  .ur>  a;»  ir.i,  3'ifi.  if.i, 

r«|ie  Orfiinl.   Hi    ri'i.   (.M,  In;,    IST.*>H,  IT".  :Ct,.tTI.  .ITH. 

:wi.:i-l.  .If.'.  1*1.  W.KT.  iKi.l"."!.  :f.'i.  .wa.  mi,  |ii><,,iiii, 
IJii  l.-J  IJT.  LHV.  Ill  II"  I'l;  I'K.  IT\  ■»».«. 'i I  •, 

<  ii|«'  <lioiil«»l<'r,   IT'.'.  1.11.  II'J.  ITS  l'.".l. .'Klfi 

<  1 r.  III'.'. 

(  rcw.'iil  Illy,  :il«,:a'i.  .IW,  !.f.i.  U".  .ll.i   III,  ll.'i  ItH..  117, 

.'iU.  Vi:i.  .ril,  IVS.  IV'.. 
IhM.f.vrry  UIhikI.  .Ml .  Vr7.  %1'i,  Vi.:,.V%5,.V(7. 
I'.,v»l  llrolliir.  J.I7.  J.IK 

lUli/  lliK.k.  'iJI,S»..'i-T.'kll MS.M"  'vM.ViJ 
Klllrmiir  l-lnml.  .ST-.  ■>""i.  ">i«l  7>M.-i  .'«, 
I''.w111iiiih1i.vj«  MI,.VIT.M.S..M«  V.J,V»S 
FarBllon,  III    I.Vi.  |fiii,|fi«,  ITI.ITT.  I'.0.  Iir.  Jii, 'J'.'.Jlo, 

■JI7  JiH,  .-ji,  jr>:' 

Poll  I'linil,  ITI.  llJ.  1-1,  1V5,  IW,,  l-T.  l'."l.3«i,  Jiy.  .'Ill,  ail. 

'.'i:'  an 

(•■llllH-r  I'uilil.  Ora. 

■  loll'  in  111!'  WiilLuri. 

IIiiiiil",l,ll,  It"    tai.  .Wl.  .TJI.  -IW,  :i:n,  ,'«'i.  T77. 

Mhfp  inlnnil.  'a.Hi  ail  aia. 

NVw   J.iiiiK.  -If-"    'ia»i  Vix,  Mil  Mn  VM.  Mfi.  MT  M.V  .MH, 
6.'I,M.),  .V,|  5-'V..VJII. 


I  litlil  hiiiiw.  NiuiliSinil  Ucml.VII  Mn. 
Nortli«'i'-i  X'lil  Uoi'U.  IIH. 

riision  I'oiiii  III,  I  I'l.  1S4I,  isa.  \M. 

I'i'iiii  \.iiiiii«..i7'i.:i'.«..  1.11. 1'ja.  ii'.i,  wa, IM,  (I'.s. 

I'ollll  A  ill.  Nlli'Vn.  Ill 

I'oiiit  Ari'im,  luT.jtm,  iia  'i^o.-a-'ia,  Mi  JTI  aTi.  .'Ti 

•."<1 .  ■J.'vt,  '.'TT,  nil ,  :liC.  Sw.  :ll  I,  illK. 
I'liiiil  Mklii'tiin  S'*.'!. 'iHIl 
I'lillll    ll.iiiptil.  imi.  Ili'.l.  ITI,  ITT.  ITH  1 '>a.  K'S   1 -J'.  I'.'l. 

I'.c,  aim. ■-iij.ao.s,  '.in.. '."I IT. all'  ai i  ji  i. ai'>.  ji'i. .'.ii. aj 
rninl  roiu'i'iH'lon.  .%a  f.a.r,;!.  r.l  f<i\  i.T. 'tl. 'W,  lim. 
I'ollll  I'lrniiii.  I'.i,  ;ia,  :is,  p.i.  u>.  la,  M.  |.\  .vs.  T",  TT  va. 
Tiiliil  lliKMii'iiii',  1.1. 1.S.  Hl,S(l,  W,.Vi,  .Sl.iiT,  Til,  TT  «.' 

hi',,  K-. 

riihii  I i:i  11,  II.  in  I".  I'l  ai  aa.a.i.ai  '.m.ii  ii  i:, 

Hll. 

I'liini  Nil  roiiil.Vii  S'.il  S'.fl,  vul.  S'.iT 

i'ollll  I'lLxIni')  lllminia.  Ill   lan  lal.  l.-.i  I m  1  II   I  :'< 

I',, II, I   I'inii",  1I1.1I-,  ISa.  IM,  l\S. 

I'.iinl  riiiiKiiil  r<ra. 

i'ollll  Ufvi'«,  171, 1'ii  ■ai<i,'.''ra,'.'(H,aiis.aiii.ai'.i  av,  :■ 

rninl  lloliill'Mill.S'W.HH. 

I'ollll  Siir,  I  l-i  1  111 

I'liiiii  wilnnii.  .Ml ,  Ml,  vm  -vw  lis,  !,{■<, SSI . .vsa.  S-, I, 

Wl.  V.tl.  .Vi|, 

liHiv  Nimiil.  'iis.saii,  sa-.vii  .vw.  mi.mi.  mish, 

TkSi  v>a 
St.  <ii'orKr'<   lii'i'l,   I'll,   IS.',  :ivi,  '„■,(,  iVi,  IV,    ».-, 

:ITT. 
SbiiU  lliirliiini,  sa,  SI.  vs.  .SM,  S'.i.  i'<i,  1,1,  r,a,  m  ni,  iT 

Sulilnl'riiz.  Ill,  IIT.  ll-.  I  I'.i,  ISa. 

Sliiith'i  lilmiil.  Ml,  .'1.IT,  VW,  SIS,  S|i,  SSI.  .V>l.  Si'<i 

V.tl.  Sltl. 
Tnloo-li  IhUiiiI.  :IT'',  nm.  rail,  ll'i,  '"i-.  Sii'i.  SI  I,  •,!•,. 

,sai,  saa,  .vm.  sm.  si.s. 
Tillmiiook  Uo,  k ,  ail.  o.  f.Ki  iin.  laii,  laj.  la  1.  I ;., 

111.  Ilil.  IIT.  ISl    l"»l.  liiS,  ITS    l'«i,  SIS 
Trliiiiliul.  U".  :iai,  .cs,  .I.".!.  :i:ni.  iHI.  ,1.11,  :t.ii.  I'li    i; 
Vi,  lorhi,  sa'v  S  11,  SIT,  .MS.  SSS, 
\V.'«i  I'ollll,  S'ls,  ni,|  ««.  MIT,  a'),  fill).  111 !.  I.I  I. 
YiuiuiiiK  lli'iiiU.  ITU.  :i'.iii.  101.  iiks  111-,  no,  iia  IIS, 

laa.  las.  i.t,  iii,  im,  iii.  ii'.',  isi.  isi; 
v.ri.ii  iiiiiim.  ITT,  iT'.i,  iva.  i-w,  ais,  aid  :;-.  am 

I.ikIiI  Iiiiii-<'i  of  till'  worlil.  i  iUmI,  19.  HT. 

l.iiiii-  I'ollll.  171,  17a.  ITS.  ai  I.  ais  an.,  aiT.  ai-.  a-an.  aas,  .-.'t 
iiitimiiiiii.  IT'>. 

lii-iiHiii;  mill  ill-lHliri-  from  t'oinl  lliiililn.  ITil. 
,  ,,\  I*  iii'Kr,  ITW. 
r,„  k-  iii'iir.  IT'i. 
(iirrciitii.  IT'J. 
foK  wlBlml.  ITT.  ITI.  IT'I, 

(li'M.rilird.  IT'J. 

,.|iiLrHi'tiT  of  fMiiiiiil  ill  tliiik  wrntlirr.  IT'J 

^i',,UI1I|<IiII'H1  I„'-lll"ll,   17', 

iiiH^ii,  ll,'  1  ,iriiitioii    IT'' 

U-,iiiliK  ilil'l  ill-lali,','  lo  I',, lilt   |liHl,lo.  IT'.I. 

-.'Ill  l!iH  k.  IT'.I. 

I  iirl  l',,!iil    17'i. 

l'r.'«i.lio  HIioHl  Hii,,y.  IT'J. 

Aliairu/  l-liiii'l  li;:lii    IT'.i. 

Yrrliit  lliii'iiit  liiilii.  IT'.I. 

I'lillll  <  HMtllo     IT'J. 

S|,Aiii-li  iiiinii*.  1T9 
l.lliir  I'ollll  llliill    171 
l.lniiiii  Inlanil    Muula  I'm/.  Inlmnl  .  "vi. 
I. ion  I'l'ak.  la-i. 

KroKrH|,hi,-»l  I'lmiliiiii.  ffti. 
I. loll  ll,><'k    InU.  il:l. 

,l|..<rllH'il.  Ill 

liiarlMK  '111,1  ilirtM'iiun  from  I'oint  lliii.hofl.  III. 
ro<  k  IH-Rr.  1 11. 
all,  lo.ra^i'    111, 
/,ill.i.  .,  111,,. II, -r,  w  ri'i  k  of.  'au7. 
I  mil'  I  ..k,,    iilil  I  010    <V\ 
l.lllli-.lai'kanx  I'lillll.  a<jn. 
I, lull'  ItiM-r    a-a. 
l.lllli'  ItiM'r  llarlMir.  aTT,  axl,  -2X3,  iXi,  'JKM. 

Niliiation.  a-l. 

riMk,.'!!!  Kliori'.  2x1. 

I.rraki TH,  a-l. 

proli'i  till  from  WfHlerly  miil  iii,lllliwi"<ti'rly  umpIIk,  a'la. 

krlp   'iK. 


IW, 

I. 


SI,., 

II :. 


■nellil,  '^'J. 


INUKX. 


687 


Mlllo  IliviT  lliirlu.i     I'onlliini'il. 
)iltHj4HKrwliy  tu.  'JN'J. 
«  hitll  "f,  2^-i. 

Hiitiki'ii  rtitkH  ni'iir.  -S'J. 
aiiclMiriivfc,  -.'<-. 

•4iiKKrsliuiiH  iui  to  U'Ht,  2^2, 
wlmrf.  ■J'»-. 
.hill.-,  JiL'. 
.li'lith  tif  »alir,2M.'. 

trufllr.  ui]h>ni<t  of,  'ix'J. 
I, mil'  Kivir  Hill.  l:r>. 
I. mil'  ilniT  lliiik.  :!:i<i. 

ili'<liitii'i'rr I.illli' Trinlilail  Kivrr.  :i.lll. 

Ili'iKllt,  'til. 

iliiilliiw  kiiiimhI  hi?tii!i',  't^'tl. 
u  Htnulli'l  riirli  III  till'  iinrtliwi'Mt,  'X\i . 
I.ittli'  Triiiiiliiil  liner.  :;»>.  :i:M,  tli;. 
<li>laii.i'  rroiii  .M.id  liiviT,  iwi. 

Wiilll)  in'  tllolltll.  illH- 

lieaniiK  luiil  iltF*tHiir('  from  'rniiiilAil  light,  ■(•it). 

foniH'r  IlllllU'H,  .'Mil. 

/.ire  )'.i/iHi>'.  Iiiirk,  ItH. 

I.iil.ilom'ri  I'k,  i.-i7. 

I.iil.i,«.  I'Miiil.  ir.<.  1711,  ITI.  IT-'.  17'i.  'JiiS.  -lie,  'Ji'i,  '^17,  '-'H,  J 

l.oK  Nlmiil.  SliOiihMiliT  Itii.v,  177. 

I  niiiii  I'l.int,  II,  l:l,  II.  IC,  17.  |i,'.1l. 'J'J, 'il.-'i'.. -■7.'.''<.  ■J■.',:)l^^.^ 

1.1.110  M.iiiiiliiiii.  1711.  ,:iii'>.  .'I'.i. 

I.Mlu'  Iliiik.l'JO. 

l.iitiK  lli'Hi'li  lliiti'l  liitiil'iniirk.  |l>. 

l.tiiK  r.rowii  lliii  k,  ;l^'J. 

U'liriii^n  mill  ilixlaiii'i""  fnmi  iirlt:lil><>rinK  roik.n.  iNJ 
ilt'jitli  iif  walrr  ainunil,  .t'>-. 
I.OIIK  Nlanil,  Slioiil  \*  atiT  llay,  I"*''.  177. 
Ijjiitf  H.K  k.  lVJ,:i.v.. 

gt'iii'riil  ilriii  li'tlon.  ■!5.'> 
rmil  Kriiiliiil  III  till'  iiiirth('H»l.:i.''>3. 
Iit'ui  inn  anil 'iKtatiii' I'riiin  llii'^l  Km  U. 'tVi. 
Hiiiiki'ii  riickf*.  lu'tir,  -l-'i-'i. 
I^xikiiiil.Caia'.  In'i.  I.M.  l.".!,  III.  111.  W:  11".  Ill    II'.' 
LiHikoiil  lllll,.Siiita  llarlnira  V.i,  1,11. 
I.iii.kinit  .Mi.iiMlaiu.  i:i'.' 
I,...ikiiiil  Kiak.  .171. 
l.ii|H'/.  iHlaii'l.  liiiMann  .'^tniil,  .V4I.  .'f.'J 
l,4iiK'/.  INiiiil,  I  HI.  I  !.'. 

1    'ariiiK  an. I  .llitanci'  rri.m  I'diiiI  Tii'ilrai  lllani'ftt.  1 
(;r<i^'ra|.liii'iil  |Hi^itUiii.  \ii. 
I.I1|H'/  U.Mk.  I  I'-'. 

Mi/.t*.  i;vj 

I.o|M'/.  Siniiiil.  Uiisarii>  slrait.  '.*'>-. 

I.oN  .XlaniiiH  (  hull'  In-') 

1^»  .\nKili'"  -11  '17    in.  II    II.  II.  17,  I''.  I'.l  '>  1. 

I.os  .Vn^i'lrM  I  hall  UKinl.  >. 

l.iM  .\nKi'li""  I'lairi'".  :W,  17. 

I.im  .\tlni'ti"*  li'ivrl,  ;t7.  II. 

l.<m  .^HKcli  lanil  In.li'i.iniliiKi'  liailriiail,  I-* 

I,t)H  <  Vrritim,  .17. 

LiiH  I  'iirmiailiiii.  1^1.  •»'.'. 

UmlM',  Miinlil.  liiTi. 

Low  I'oint,  .'i-."!. 

U'annu  anil  .1    .tan.  r  fruln  I'lllar  I'lnnl.  .'lift. 
I.iiwill.  I'l.nil.  i'.i«i 
I,«iwi'r  I 'alilnrnia,     l.li'.  ♦'.7 

>i>a'<t  of.  II 

loiiKiliiih'H  In.  .11. 

illsi'OM'ry  of.  I'l. 

nalnt"4  of  plari;**  III,  1.%, 
/.mil..,  «lil|i.  I'.'.! 
I.Uill..\V,  roH..Vrt.l',."l 

l.iiinnn.  Ili'llniuhain  Hay,  Wi.  .71. 
I.uniini  llav.  ll.i..,iM.iSlrall.V,'j,SVI. 

.li  «.  iil.til.  '•i.'i 

^;i..nra|»hi.  al  infilion    .'Hi'.t 
l.nntnii  Ulainl.  'm.7. '>0'i.."j7  1, '>7l.*i«l, 

ili".rrllM'iI.  '«'7, 

loikK  1.11.  V.7. 

alli  horiiKt'.  '»''.^ 

fr>»h  wultr.  M.'*, 

ilanK'*''**    111'* 

nlioal  «i.i.t,  vw. 
t.uinnii  I'oliit.  I.iitnnii  Ulan.l,  .^|'>-'<, 

llgUt  un,,"!)))*. 


I.iiininl  Itlviir,  .'I'.'.i.  'i7l. 

I.yh'  i'l.iiil    \\i lor  Turku  I'l.iiit.  r.'J.'l. 

l.yniUii.  .NooU'.a.  1. 1  IIImt.  r.7l. 
IjVrt'  UlviT,  Till. Kill'  I'oiiil.  'vJ.'i. 


.Mark  'H   Xri'h,  .1".7.  :ira.  :lill.  :li;-).  Mti,  lian.  .'171. 
Kooil  lanilinark.  'Intl. 

lirariiiKiinil  ilistaini'  from  Northwi'Ml  Hral  IIo<'k,''WO. 
I'oint  St    (irorKi'.ll'i'i. 
Cajic  I'tirrrlo.  ■Hlil 
laiii'Meliunlian,  :lllil. 
^I'ttcnil  lU'^rription.^ilil. 
rri'f.  .U'ltl. 

ali.'lt.ira^r  in^hli'iif,  .li'.*l. 
ih'lilh  of  .vali'r,  li'ili. 
lo.k-.  in.. 11.11 

:ini'h..ra'.ir  i.iitsl.li' of.  'Vu  . 
(lirri  tion'.  for  olitainini;  aiu'liora|{e,:iri7. 
Honiiilinui4.  ^U'i7. 
I  harti.  .1117. 
nami'il,  .!i'.7. 

t;4'oKra|ihit'al  jm.'^itnin,  ;H17 
li.li'-,   1117. 
.MiArlhnr,  I  ilcil.  :!1'J.:17I1.:177, 
.Milionalil'.l  r.i  k.H'Jn. 

iiann'  for  i.,  .t  Cri'rk.  ll'jn 
Mi't  irt'H  .Moniilail  .    •-'•7 

ln'il!lll.  :l.'>7. 
Mai'ki'l)/i(\  I'lli'il.  'f- 
.MiK.n/ii'  -  lira. I.  <'a|.i'  liiiaii|ioinlmi'nl,  lI'.i.-l'VI. 

.Ii".i  riliiil    r.l 
MiH'ki'V'f*  Ui'acli.  2'.i7. 
.\!i'l.anKlil<'n.  Mount,  IB". 
Marklin'H  t'oM'    lill. 
u  iillli.  :iill. 

a  '*im-,ll  Mtri'ani  W^w-*  li  roii^jli.  ?M. 
McNi'il  Islaiiil.i.Jl.i.-'-'.'i-'l 

hvartltK  ami  ilintaiiri'  from  Slcilai-ocin,  G21i. 
«i/.e,  »1'-*'-. 

rllaniii'U  llt'iir,  6-'-' 
iianii"*  for.  »1J-*. 
M>Niilly'r.Sloin;h,H'.'l,  l'-''J. 
.M,  I'hail.  II    .\  f..  7, 
Mail  ItiviT,  :iHi.:i'JI.:i'jn.:IJil.".'<.i,:v!il.:)'V.. 

ihitanii'  ami  licarinn  of  i.;  oill.  from  llmnliolilt  Hay,  liW. 

Ilnniliolilt  liKht.  llliO. 
Trilliilail  li«ht,  iiy. 
Hanil  iliini'i.  ."f.".*. 
Mi. nil  of  month,   llii 
ln'arhi'i  low  ami  »aliily,  :Hil. 
tri'liil  of,   till, 
l.-nnth  of,  :i.in. 
Iiy.lrourai.hy  ..If.  :l!n. 
Mail  Ki'.'rMointh.  iC'*. 
Maili"on.  I'orl,  ■i'i-4.r<i:l,rjl1.  IWI. 
MaKa/.ini'  I'omt   '-'11 

Mannolia  Hlnl'    Innvainisll  Hay,  I'lHr. .%.-!. 
Maunir.'.  Moiinl.  'ii:i. 
.Main  -l.ii.  .haniirl.'-1'''i.-IH,'-IT,'-'l'<,'.;-'i,''!-'7. 

eiirrt'iiti.  ■J'.*7. 
MojavP  l>i'-irl,  17. 
Mai  raw.. '.'71. 
.Mttl  I'aso.  I'oint.  :l"l. 
.MahiKa  I'oM'  ^aiila  .Moniia  Hay,  111,  17. 

il.mrll.i.l.  Ill 
Ma'anal'oml.  1^ 
Mallauh'-  l.aiiilniK.  HM. 
.Man^liihl  Hii'ak.  IM. 
si /.e.  I'll 

lii'iirini;  ami  .lislan.i'  from  Soiitlnn'sl  .«i'il  Koik.  :l.'il. 
ili'l.tll  of  waii'r  aroiiml.  :1'<I. 
M.ii.i/.  KihooniT.  h'l 
Miiri'  li.lanil  ll>;ht  hoiiM-.'iW, -ln.'-il','';'- 
>itnation  '.Jill, 
iharai'lir  of  liuhl.'-'lit. 
an- of  vi-iliilily  '.:iii 
Ki'oKniphiiiil  |iii«ilion."lll. 
inanm'tii-  v.iri  ilioii.'-'l" 
iH'arinii  ami  ilistami'  to  I'oint  I'.-tloli', 'JIO. 

Ili'iiiiia  I'Vrry  i.liii, 'JIO. 
varioiii  himya  ami  licttioim.lilO. 


^4.  . 


^:^ 
»; 


(I 


I 

I 


I 


•MM. 


"■uwwwtWMiWIWI 


V.  n 


illfii    ) 


I'M  I!  f', 


N'  r, 


«8« 


INDRX. 


Miirp  Nlmiil  lit;lit-litiu«i'    rtttitlniinl. 

lH>at-i)t)  nil  till'  tlitiill  of,  JIM 

liciiniiK  hikI  tlhtaiiii'  lit  Miiuii/liir  Wlmrf, 34<l. 

Iiulll  lhMI«'..'|il 

foHitl  Snrvr)  <  Imrl  i>f  IhTT  kivi-h  Uli'it  liir>iriii*tlon,340. 
Mitre  I«laiiil  riav)- yitril.  J4I 

thli'<.':4l. 
Mari'  IhIaihI.  pitttt  rcMiiliilittn«. 'hi!) 
.Wci'i.i  ./,  Siriit/i,  Imrk.  linn  .if  ivi 
MHrliHT-*.  Ill  iiitf  of  Htii|i\vrt<(-k,  litHtrilrllnTm  to.fiSA. 
Mitrkhiini.  .Inliiii  IMvir.  I"! 
Mi«rr>i««loiio  l.liiiiil,  V.ll,.V.il 
M«rri>«.i..iu-  lV.liil.M:,v.«i,v.ri..VJ3,5*).S97,«3J. 

itidiuliuii.  Vi't 

•Iriurl  111  11)11,  Mill 

<If|.lli..f  MuUir  off.  .VJ.1. 

eiirrnit^,  ^'il 

tiearuiK  ami  iliiftaiu^*  t<i  P<iltit  \Vi)«nii  lltfht-hotiiio,  !S94. 
I'ltiiil  I'lirtriilup.  V»4. 
Siiiilli  '  I'laiMl  li|{lil-li<m«i<,  Wt. 
\tliiiirult\  Ih'iiil  li^lit-lioiiw,  ^ti. 
fiiint  No  r<iiiil  liiflit  liiiuae,  VH. 
Koiilwiallii'r  lllull.  5U4. 

naini'*!  l»v  Vaiu-ouvrr.  ^'M. 

liKliI    V.l 

ilmm.  I<'r  nf  liitlil    V.U 
art  ;iii<l  liiiiit  of  viMiMllity,  yM. 
Maro  Mnitiilaiii.  r.".>. 

iM-ariDK  hihI  <lt<itaiii'0  from  )*u-<)rtui  lUancaji  Mfctit-huilae.  130. 

K«'ot!ritplili-al  |>o«llion.  IJ*.!, 
Martiiii'r.  u*4. 
Mary''.  IVali    112.  4I<<. 

laiKlfiill  for  AN.  ya  Itlvpr.  413 

K<'ot;rap)iiiMl  |H>*iliiin.  Il't- 

Iii'IkIiI.  )I  I 
.W.i'i/  Xri-hyr,  (.liip.  .IraiMlnl,  JiV". 
Ma.oii    Tort.  i:i. 
Malla  N 1>.  U.>*irlo  Slrall.  V.'.t.  V3. 

ilrxnliivl    Vi'.i 

K«-ot<i'a|i)ii>ill  |K>wtlli)ii.  TiTll. 
Matloli- aii('tiorai:f  f"*. 

may  In*  Hm^\  irolrr  Htri-«»of  i'in-iliiii*tjtnr4M«,  KW. 
Mnlltilf  Hnrr.  .'T  :.:»'(    «i:.  ;il« 

iiiri'iliHo,  >i». 

*]lolan<^' of  inoiiOi  from   Piililalfonla.  .tM. 

litoiith  I  loiMil  from  .Inly  to  NiivpinUpr.  .'■•I. 

town  of  I't'lroha  near.  Hm. 

ItM  .ll    Olimi'*!,      toi* 

laiiiltiiark.  milld  dune.  :tJK. 
Kill  honik'-'.  '«". 

foul.     UK. 

111*1. If  filily  curriMit.  :>»*. 
ki  l|i  :»'.>. 

piiiikt'ti  riM-k  off.  HKi- 
Mal»  iiinl<  llarlxir.  ILmkI  •  I 'anal.  fvll. 

-hatlow   M  ati-r  III,  1.(1. 
Maiir.  Ik-    rili-.l.  '.'ri 
Maury  lnlaiiil.AI  i  i.l'i.i.in.iiiM. 

h.irlKir  III   f'l.i. 
May  lor  nSg.il,  <>ak   llarlior.arj. 

iiiarkiil  liy  :*  IikIiI  ''■'•'J. 
May  III-  NIaii.l   %•*! 
Mrailou-  I'oiiit   riii% 
M.Hr.»  1  Ur-I   4lo  4ll,4i;>    I.V1.  4.V.,  4711,  4T3.  471.  4..I.  4'.'J.  tW.  fl<H.M:i, 

M^.•.Jl  VM ..•.(I 
Mi'arra  <'a|><'.  liiTi.  I  rj,  I VI   |;II    H'J.  III.  44ll 
.M*'t;atio.i  rotiil    l^•llll  Mclaiio*     Ji 
.NleilaiMrii  I'oilit    l*'alm-  Itay.  il*'«i tiIm'iI  'Zh 
.Ml  i^'t(<4\  ilU*  villai;i-   -"-t 
Mt'iinliiil  llraiiriilaiiiook   lUy   111.  In 

.Mi-iiiiiHiiio.<  a|Mi  ii.,.v<,'£ii.n  ."J7.  H'l  .»«  al7^ll,»Jl,^1l.^■^  itj, 

.r'.i  .1* 

M.nil.Mino  llay.'^l  'iHT  ■J.^'i.2«7 
rharai  l«T  of  i  oail,  J^l 
bi-arliiu  anil  ttiM.iiiif  of  iHiinlof.  from  — 

I'oiiit  Anna  llk'lil  lioii>4-.  Ij-vl 

Alliioti  ItUrr  Ztl 
■ll><'  of.  i-^l 

r(Mky  (Hill  li  Ufa'  ftilrant-c  2M:1. 
tnilloni  2VI 
ilt-iilti  of  wairr  '.'M 
emtll)   r»Mti|{iil/«-(l.  JK1 
liouiltlyiliK  ilaiiin^rs.'^t 


Mrniloi'inn  liny     Ciiiitliiiiril. 
nwi'll  III  •■itmini'r  'Jil 

niKiialH  a^  I  ii.lali'  ol  liai  lair  to  a|i|iroa«-)ilii|{  vrnsota,  :N| 
wliiiryr«,  -1.1 

ilrplll  of  wnllT  ill.'.'HI 

niiMirintr  liiioy^.  >|. 

M'Hm'li*  anrlior  to  liM'wanl  of.  iM4. 

loral  niiiiie  nf  liarlmr. 'J**!. 

CoiiHl  Siirvry  Nlatioii. '^1. 

Ki'o^ra|iliii-al  ihi^iIioii. '1h|. 
iiiatcnrtii-  ^  aniitioti.  :^H|. 

rlllaKv  iil.>l 
Mi'niliH'iiioI'lly.  ."77,  SSI.JHn, 
MciiiliM-iiHi  llnitl.  'JH|, 
Mrniloriiio  .MoiiiitattiM.  Zi~. 
MPMilora,  I^, 

MrriTil.  I.iitcuna  ili*  la,  I7i) 
.Mrt.alf  lioikH,  lli 

)a>ariiiK  'iiiil  iliotaiH-**  front  t'ayiiriM  l.anillriK,  IIH. 

liiiioriiit;  Inioyi  iH'tu i>rn  .Moil««'  Itoi-k  iiihI.  Mi. 
Met/tear.  I  'a|ilulli.  I'J. 
.Wfii.vimi.  hIiI|i.  yoynifc  of.  ;i.V2. 
.Mi'iiian  I'oiiil.  IJ.  11.  II 

ili'<i  rilx'il.  I.' 

Ki'o»£ra|itiii'at  po<.ition.  M. 
MinU'o,  7.11.  11 

rt'frn'lii'r  to  iiorthrni  iMiiiinlary.  12,  Ifi. 

liioiintaiit'.  III.  12 
Miami  ltlv«r,  Tillamook  Kay,  IW 
Mill  iliaiini'l  luir  Imoy  at  lliimliolill  llay,   ir>, 

iKMirtni;  anil  iliHtain'i-  from  IIiiiiiIkiIiII  IIkIiI.  -''•I, 
Mlilillii  lliinka,  Slralt  ol   Kii.a,  Vv'v 

la'untii;  anil  illataiKt'  from  IMm-oviiry  lilainl  lii  lit  hoiliwi.  'i: 

ili'>i  nlnil.  Vvl, 
Mlilillr  Karalloii  l(<K'k   201 

la'arini;  ami  <liiitaiii-«*  troin  S.nitlioa'.t  Karalloii  IikIiI  lioiim*, 

ilaiiKiTN  -*iil, 

riK'ky  Irtl^ii,  2ill. 

la'ariiit;  alii  «lli«taiHi'  to  ,N|iilill<i  r'anilloii,  _'o|. 

s    K.  I'aralloii  IikIiI  lioiisi- , ; 

Kro^raplili  al  iHii^ltlon.  2i)l. 

liiaKiiftii-  yal  lallnii.  .Ill, 
Miililli'  <iroiiii>l  Shoal, Nun  l>ii<Ko  lluy,'2ii, 
Mnlill.-  lV.iiit,.'iii,M  ■>.',  icl,  IM 
Mlilillr  i' t,Saii  t'li'iiiinli'  l,.laiiil,72. 

<li'«4  riU-<l,  7.'l, 

t£i'o|{ra|itiii'iil  |MMiltion,71. 
Mlilillr  I'oiiil,  I'orl  Ilixovi'ry.VL'i. 

iianii'  for  llmky  roliit.MI, 
Mlilillr  roinl  •oiliiiiiirliii'  valli-y  ili-n-rilwul.Rl, 
Mlililli'  K.x'k,  >. 

Miililli-  IliM  k,  lli»lrilt'lloii  lNlanil.,'>i<l. 
Miilnay  rlill   If..  111. 

iliotaiu't'  froiii  t'aiH'  Kalioii,  ll'i, 

.Ii..i  riUil    II'. 

ili-litli  of  «al.r  1.11,  IIS. 

r.-.f  oir   II'. 
.Mlilnay  I'oiiit    III 
Miul.y,  I'.. till,  ^ii'i  '.71 
.MilUink  H..iin.l    '.v. 
Mil..  Ho,k«,  171,  17.'.  I7S,  ■.'IJ,  21  1,  Jll,  '.'17.  '.-Jl.  .•:i,'.''.'7. 

Uaniitt  ami  ilHtai...   t..  Ixiil  Ko.  k    I7U, 

il..<.nU..I    I7^ 

..link. -11  ro.  kn  n.*ar,  I7^ 

Milo    M il.MI 

Mill,  I'latl  «,  .1-.I. 
Mill<'  l.amliiiK    ll'i 
,Mill...  Iliimaira,  2.M. 
Milli-r  I'rick,  'ii.l 
Mlll.'r'HliiiUli,  'fiU  '.Yil 
Mlllf-rn  lloim.-     U.I,  M2.  *'.! 
Mill.r  I'oliit   iiiil 

liK  al  naiiii'  for  I'olnt  I'olmll,  I'liil, 
Milli'r  a  IIIiIk.'    m 

h.'ilfli',.  HI 

laariiiK  ami  i|i>l»iii  ••  from  IliK  Flat.   «H 

iH'a.  h,  ,'l»'. 
Mill.',  Klaniaili  koM.  :I-''.i 

I'rlnity  Kol'l.   f-"' 
Minor  lulaiiil   HIrall  of  Ku.a,  MSI 

Mlra il.-»  I'oiiil,  l'>7.  1'", 

Miarry,  I'olnt,  lUI,  InI'i, 

Mt«alon  Hay  K..<'k>   I'M, 


win,  Jsl 


lit  Iniiiw,  '•■%'» 


liltlil  lioii«i',.!'" 


INDKX. 


680 


Mliml.m  Uny  IliKkH  -CoiiliiuiPil. 
(I>'m'rlli)'<l.  l-w 

|iliMiuK**^vity,  I»i** 

I  wii  iliiiiK'TiHiH  rix'kH,  IKH. 

IllH.y-.,  IHS.IHII. 

MlHxKMi  IIIMa.  1711. 
SlimUlnl.li.  iiw. 
Miiii>vi'  liiwrt.  l:l. 
Mnlnlr  I'l.liit.  ^17.  iW. 
Mniiollny.llil. 
■ImiM'.  Ili°>. 
rnlriiHri'  to,  Itn. 
tlili',  MrtiiKtli  i.f.  lli'i 

iil>|H>iiriiiii (  I'llliir  Itmk  fri'iii.  Ilrt. 

liHiiirilniiH  t lUr  wilhiiiil  |iiliil,  1111. 

|iIhi'<' lo  iiiK  Ihtr,  1 1*1    117. 
hI^iiuI  fur  pllnl,  110. 
lIlltlKITH.  1 17. 
Molinrily,  117. 
MiiliM  InU't.  Il.'i. 
illrtTliiiii,  ll.V 
In-ii.lof-h.iri-  lino,  US 
M.iiiror.  I'.'liil.iiiil. 
MiiiilnUui.  <iiinMn  Oriluni'/  il(>,  IV 
.l/iiii/.i.i.i,  •.liHiiiir.  I'.f.'. 
MolilBm  Mount. liii.  IM,  l'''7.  lfV<,  ICW.JU,  Jr. 

KcuKriMiliii'iil  iiiiHition,  Ifi7. 
Miilltarn  I'.. ml.  I.V..  l.'iT.  l'.*.  HI".  I'Vl.  171.  1m7.'.;i«).  JIS.'JIO.'JJI. 
iM'.iriim  itiiil  ili«liimi>  frniii  I'llliir  I'oiiil.  IipO. 
rliurm  t'T  nf  Mhnrc.  I'm. 
fi>(t\vhii.ili'.  l^^.  II." 

(If'MTilM'll.  ItiJI. 

liCiiriiiK  iiikI  ili»lani«  li>  I'lifi-oii  Vuiiil.  im. 

iMinillcMi  liiilit-lM>"«-.li'>"- 
Siiii  l-'nuti  i-^ftt  lliir  liiiuy,  ]<**. 
Ilitlll  Itork.li'l 
IVllllI  llOlll'lll  liglil-liouw.liitl. 
HiKirfMiiiilliWttnl.  U>1. 
Miiiil'illu.lVJ 
MoiiUt.y  >.« 
Mciilt  rev  Ituy.  Hi,  UJ.  l.M.  Iiw,  llW. 

Mii|ltl"<lUI<>.<'lll'llAll»   IIIM T.  I'>l 

Monti-/  itnii  t  ri-rk.'Jlt. 
Monti'/iiniik  l>iliiiiil,  Jl'i 
Moo.ly  I'oint.  l'ni;cl  Sonii.l  iVJ.'i 
Ki-nt-rul  ill--"!  riidnni  of. 'iJ."i. 
It^ltt  on.ii-i 

iHiinni-  mill  ili«liinii-  !.■  miijIilHirini!  iiliji'it.fii'). 
known  ii.M.lolin«nn'H  rmnl. ''-.'>. 
■Inutl  oll'.l':'). 
Moody.  l-ort.\'iii.  r.-l 
Mooilyvilli-.  liiirniiil  liilil  ''^l 
Moor.'M  LiulIimk  iiiol.t.i  l.iiiiiliMKM.:! 
Mnr.-«l.v  iHl.io.l,  I'lii.iil  .1.'  Iliiru,  v..;,  Vi.H,  Ml. 
.Muruiiii  I;. Ilk,  '.".i"..  IKI 

Mor l«l;in.l    Wiln-inclon  l.iiijoon,  II 

M<>«.|uito  (  lnininl.«'»niil  ili'  lliiro.  5'iT 

«lf|)tli  ol  \Miti  r.  V>7 
Mo!4.-4  l.an<linu.  I II.  1 1*^. 
lioarin^  iin<l  •h*'titiH 
niooniiK  I'Uny.  1 1.'> 
Molinil.  loniKil,  UJ 
Mount  AiTlniilon  Inl 
MoMiit  llii<hf,  I  IT.  |iW,  li'.i.l. 

lii'oKiupliti-iil  poMtlnin,  lOH. 
apiMuriuii-i- lit  II  tli^t.ttn-f.liVM. 

Molilr  .l.-l  llii.  In.n,  .  oa-l-li I.'iirilii'il.  li>7.  IIH.  IH. 

liy.lioKm|.li>  olVtlnBia-fari-i'f.  Ill 
MollllKainnl.  im,  I  l>.  III! 

U.aiinK  nn.l  .INlanii-  li.i'i  I'omt  >iif.  1  «l.l-l-'> 
lieiKlil,  I  ill 

({.■oKta|.lilicll  lioMllion,  Um. 
<liv«.  riiitnm  of -liori'  linr  "IV,  l-l" 
tn-inl  of  coaHt.  I'Ut 
MolinlConMiiini'.  iil-'.i'-'i.fi''''>  _      _ 

Mount  fon»tiliilloii,Or.u«  Miiml,  .W.,  ri<;7,!SiW. 'Cl.ri,  I. 

KfoicnMiliii'i''  lionil'iiii.  '•'■" 
Moniil  Kiulilo.  nv.'.Jl: 

Ki'iiurHliliii'iil  lio-ition.  ir'7 
Mount  lloilKliii.  VniiioiiviT  Inliinil.  '•'i7. 
Mount  Kri.-.  KiilalKo  Nlnml  V.l  r«..',M,V,l. 

14.!71  V  V M 


•  from  MonlirfV  Wliiirl.  14^. 


MonnI  rrilnklln,  17:1. 

Mount  lliiar,  hn 

M t  Ili'Icim.  n.i.  ir.(>.'Ji>l,2l7. 

KI'oKrilpllirltl  |HlHitio1l,  1(17. 
Miimit  lloo|iiili,:tt'.l. 

Kf!iiKtaiiliii-)il  I'liiiition.lUiJ. 

limit  iir\iHiliilily,:|:IU. 
Mount  Kimct.  ll'.i. 

lu'lKl>t,:i:K>. 

l>eHrlf*«  aitil  ilislami'  from 

,:t|i.i. 


Trinliliiil  IIi'nil,3.T9. 
Ili'ilihuK  Koc'k.^i^lU. 


U('OKni|ililt'al  iiositlon 
Mount  l.oHiif.  ln'i 
Mount  .M'l.auulilin.  '•'i7. 
Mtnnit  .MaKUirr.  X'tiiiioiivrr  Uliinil.-'it:l. 

lamirall  for  Sooki'  Inlet. .'ill. 

Ix'iirnii;  tirul  tlistanrr  front  ltiu-i> 
Mount  Mi\r*4. 1.."'. 
Mount  .MilfH.  Vancouvi  r  Inlnnil  -'ill 

ili'MiTilii'il.MI. 
Mount  I'ili.  i."i7. 
Mounll>lyiu|iil«,"ill'.."il:!,'il'.l.."illl,r)'.'0. 

hinill'all.'il  1. 

Ki'iiuriililiiial  |ioMitiou,.M:!. 

ilciM'rilK'il.ril.l. 

<llHfovi>ri-il.  Ml 

lii'HriiiK  mill  ilUiiinn'  Iron 


liillil  IlKllt'llousp,  Tilll. 


I'l.itl.ry  l!o.ks.r,|:l. 

I'lil.io^li  l-hinil  li|tlit-liuu.st',ril:l. 

tjmlliliuli'  Ui\rr,.'il.>. 


Monte  I'riito,  1 17. 
Mount  San  .loV,  107. 

Iii'IkIiI.  1117. 
Mount  San  l.uii*.  Iii7. 

Mount  s«->-riiour.  N'liueuuvcr  Islmnl.Sltj, 
Mount  sli.whi,!.-.; 

luiiii  of  M«iluliiy.:»''7. 

in-iKiit,.;.-.:. 

i;i'onril|illlial  lio>.itiou,.V'i7. 

iM-ariuK  ami  iliKtami-  from  roiutSl.  r.i'oriri'.:S>7. 
Mount   lauMilpai.i.  H'll.  HWl.  HIT.  li.S.  imi,  lUI.  I'.PJ,  I'.Kl  :;17,J'.'0, 
K>'oKr.i|'liiiul  |Mi«itiou.  Iii7. 


Miuint   I 
ilwla 


ruii.ir.'.i.- 

■  from  mo 


of  Klamiitli  liivi'r.  112 


ml 

limit  of  viiilillily  :ll'.> 

li.ariiiK  ami  ilUtauci-  from  I'oint  SI  loori;i' 
lli'ililinit  Itock.  i 
hi'iKlLl.ll'J. 

i;.ov;riiI.llir:ll  poHitioil,  11-, 

Mount  /ur.  iiiliii.  I,'i«. 
Munlitain.   Vlili-r  i  ri'ik,  1:11. 

llaUi-r.  ri7  l.'iV.VJl.OlH. 

Ilalil,  I  I'l. 

Iliilil  I'ali'.  IV"*. 

Ilalil  I'op.  lii 

ii,ir«,  ■J'.ii. 

Hlmk.  li-.L'.liii. 
Itlni'.  li.lC..UI'.l,'Jl!<l. 
Calilo.  I'll 
Calapuoya,  li<i. 
Clip.-.  1117. 
CaMiiil'".  I"'!- 
(■In'niii'al..iii". 
Com-,  IJS.  I.lil. 
Contra  tiwta,  17". 
CoppiT.  :!.'>7. 

llouii-.  1117. 

KIk,  ll:l,  lit.  I'Ji'. 

Kllinor.  IVjri.ii.'i.l.iVVi. 

(iivviliir.  HW. 

(iorila.  :UKi.:!ii7. 

llou'<r.  :iin. 

llmnliolilt.  :i:l'.l 

lluini.uK.:'!'''.  i7J. :!::), :17 1, :w>. 

I.iikf,  Ml. 

l.om-.  ITII.-'iK'i.'-'I'.l. 

Lookout  <VJ. 

.Mttirt'u.  :l.'>7. 

Monilinino.  iVJ. 

Moutara.  I.'.H.  Ifi7.  Ifi.".  IH'.I. -'I>I.-'I7 

N.alikaliuii-.  1 II,  IIJ.  II:!.  n  1.  mi- 

link,  IKI. 

I'lni',  l.'ii,  l:;l,li'.!. 

folnl,  l-.'l 


^i 


600 


INDKX. 


Ipi  if 


MuiintAln.  Prnnpnt.  101. 

K.Hky  Hiittv.  \»\  131,  133.  124. 

Ko«*-.  ir.:,  ill.  ;as'.'. 

Srt«MI«*.  lU.  us.  It's  44->.  4.VI,  4M.  4M,  4«M.  474. 

Nm  nriiin..  H.7.  U\H,  I7n.  I'.W,  'il7. 

Sjkii  limn.  liiT. 

.Siuitii  l.uv\.\.  ViTt,  \l\  \M\ 

si!.ki>»Mi.  ;c»:.  .cm.  ibtx,  ;r:o, 
SiHiw   :cj. 
.SnIii.  I  til, 
S.iKur  l.vtf  V/J. 

Suii-mI.   Iiiri. 

S|mr,  iV», 

.sirrm  Ni-viniji.  H'tl. 
Tdt.tr,  tyi>  I'.m.  ii:.  JJO,  2S». 
TrHiM|intU.ii.   Mm.  till. 
Tniniy.   Lft. 
1  ni|»|iiiiti.  l<<i,  t<il. 
UiiUli.i    .'••'; 
ViirliiilH.   Ihi,  11.1. 
Moiioi   K.K'k.  117,  )1o. 

lK>iirii>h:  ito'l  'lioiitiiti*  frntii  ("iiytx-iM  Lniiiliiitf,  117. 
AiKMitU  for  ^triiiiirnt.  tl7 
Imiov    us. 
MowiU  h  Itivir.   f> 

II  uiu-  f'T  r.ik  IHviT.  :X*H. 
Milt  kill.  M    I'ori  Uiinliirr.  vr'. 
Mu'l  lUy.  iiiiini' fi>i    |t<Miii)|iir>   Iliiy,.'i77, 
MiiK>i  l-JiKniiii.  ilt'<«4TilM>i|.  .'ri),  M 
M\HiM  I'oiiit    -ii-M  rilH'.l.  :t7,  »y  M.VJ.  V1.S7. 
iH-ariiiK  iiikI  ilinlnitccn  froiM,  I'.'. 

MOIIIiilitiUi*  ttll,  .%4I. 

Mnuo  s<i)>intiririi'  VhIIcv.  <ll'•^'r)tH>tl,  .M. 
Mukk.iu   !t.i>.M"'  .MI.Mi.,  ,V.'I. 

»><iiikiMi  riM  ko,  M  1. 

•  ti'i.ih  t.r  wnUr.  Ml. 

riMiiM-o  for    **!  I 
Mtirttrii'n  riivf.  '*'* 

iliataiMv  fruiii  >ikitt    puint,  OOU, 
MuHH«.l  r,.vi-.  M. 
Mii^-MJ  I.imIki-.  ;liW. 
Mif*-*-!  l'oiiii.:{4ti. 
M.i^^l  »:.Hk.;iv% 

ntlnjitiiin.   IV». 

hiii:ht.  tv. 

iU>|it)i  of  witU-r  ArouiMl.   tVi. 

I.n-Hk.  I A 

1»pnrtiiic  i*'"l  '1i»liimT  from  •*!.  i  HNiru''**  JI**<'f  Hnht-luHuir,  .1VV 
\VhikU<  |{<x  k.  t.V>. 
Muw».l  K...  k.<  ii-«iiii<  ii\   lUy.  .rC.  hH.  LM  UV  M7 

m/f.   il'i 

ill  l>1li  of  wtitiT  ttrtinrpl    n'* 

^HMtritiK  nn^l  <li^Utiii  i*  frotn  •  rt  «<i'r>i  <  it\  Ituht  Iki-in*  ,  in. 
l.-oMii.t  IC«Mk.  iri. 
Mutiny  lt«y.  V.M  *■.*% 

iliitaiH  V  froiii  .Miirnm  «t4tii<*  INnut,  %'JA. 

ih'ptll  of  WiltiT  111.  '»'.*'> 


Nii'hiio.lifi  iCiviT   iJi 

NMlitiliiio  (  .•nl   Mlhr",  Vaiionivir  InlrtUil,  Ml.  5W. 

Naimiini*  lliirlnir,  '****. 

BItllUtMltl.  V«>. 
Iii/r.  .*»»*i 
•111  lior.in**.  '^*<f». 
Hurikfii  rtM  kd.  Vtf>. 
Iiiioy*.,  .'►■«.. 

KiitritiiM'  Ulttiiii  liglit-lii)iiM»  iiiArkM  upproiich  (u,  r>06, 
lull  •*  %■«. 

iftnl  niMH'H.  Vt'i 
Nnrnlla.  xiIImk'-    (Tt. 
NurroMfi.  Thf    l*uicrl  H«>iiiia,  (*H.  OlV.OlX 

•  lf>l>th  uf  nittcr.  OPJ. 
m\/.v,  r.l'J, 

Hllllkcil   MH-k,  'tl'J. 

ftirn*iil.i.  Cly. 
N;'i«hI  Ulxt-r.  slioKhvAter  Hay,  47^,  470. 

•  li-w  rilM«t    47*' 
Niui|ii  Uiver,  4l<i, 


N'oniti  Klvrr    <  niillniiril. 

tiiiiur  for  \  lit  liiiN  l{i%-rr.  410. 
NhIiihI^  lUy.  lU,  I  Ji 

kiiowit  ii<*  t  *\  <*lrr  lliiy.  11 1. 
thaltiitii*  rnnii  rii|M>  l.«Mikiiiit.4<'l;l. 
ili-fH'rUK'd.  til 
<l('|i|)i  of  wnlrr.  lit. 
l>Hr.  til 
hrrukir.     It. 

nlmrt  hiir  to  rain-  Mrurri,  III 
iiitiiH*<«  for,  lilt. 
Valioti.il  (  iiy.  17.  IM.  Jit  ■.•|,.^^.•|..t. 
Ntm»rM'tr.t-ii,  tj*.  ••«, 
Navarro  llrail,  ;*7T,  /T'-',  J^I.'J>rt 
U<-oKra|ihii-;il  |H*tiiti«Mi.'J77 
lantliiMrkt  -77 
Navarro  Ijimlittu  .'77 

U  ariuK  itiiil  iltoiiinrr  fritiM  I'oinl  .\rt'nn  lifthl-ho 
Na\  ario  It  ii||{i-  \  iIIiik<'.  -T"* 
\ii%arro  ltiM'r,'.'7T  .•:'-» 

tiitli-iitiilioit  tiiiall  al.'-'T** 
H<iiik<'ii  MM  k*  tit-iir  a|)|troa<'lu'M  t«i,  J7*<. 
mhimI  |Miiiit  III  nioiiili,  JT** 
wliiirf  lit    .'7'« 
iiitMtriiiK  liuo>'>i  'I^* 
«i)niiiti-r  itiK  lioraKt>.27*t 
nirrrnl    -7h 
vilhiKf  iM-iir,  ?7'» 
NHvi((ntion.  Ian-*  for  tin*  proti't  hoii  n(  niiln  to.fWl. 
Navy->arit.  Man-  iNlanil.L'll 
NanuhCKali  liiM-r   I  I'J 
Nrtihkiihiiii    Moiiiilaiii    lit    tIJ.  ttt   III.  IIA 

l>c*ariii»(  itii'l  ilioliiiiii'  from  ( 'ii|h'  l'alroti,4l<'t. 

•  lift. tiIm-.I    lit 
Im-IkI)!,  It  : 

N(*(  Ih>«im   i:tv<>r.  IJ^ 

iiNiii-  for  Saliiioi)  Hivrr,  ir>. 
<li-laii<  •   tntni  thf  Sllt'lr  Itivcr,  425. 
.|tH<  Dlwil    l». 

tiaiiM  N  for.  rjft. 

laii'ltmirk.  tJ^ 
NtM'k.  Ilii\  ri.  *.  .*»>'.,  ■.•f.7,  -CO. 
\i*rki-r   Uli-i.:tH:t 

\«m1  «  I!o.  k".  <iniy  M  llarl<i>r  4H.t. 
NtMali  1luy.f>I.MJ.*iir,..'il7.5IO,:^A)..'i2l. 

ilfHi-rilN  «1  'i;'l. 

aiii  Itora^f.  'i3l. 

r4.;»M  .**iirvi  >  Mation.Vi'J 

Ki-o^rapliUHl  iMtMilton,  V^i. 
iii.tKiii-tii-  variation.  \^1. 

)ifftu\U)h'  dial  loll. ^» 

It. 1.1.  .■.-•■.» 

naiiii'H  for,  A'JJ, 
Nfiill..  !£...  k    ll'.i   !'*<. 
Ni*Mllr  i:o,  k,  Komif  Itiv.r,  C2 

•  limtHiu*- from  Uok'tii*  I!ntt,  TT? 
hn-aki-rn  iC2. 

Ne<<IU-  K<Mk,  INiihl  1>.  I^a<la.   xi>> 

HUi-.    Bitu 

lN'iiriii((  and  <)itl^tii<  •■  front  I'oiiit  iH^lKitila,  '•^*^. 
SiHHlUn,  I7r'.  W 
Nelialfin  UwvT.  417.  4M.  HI,  t  l:t.  4.Vt. 

ili-iUutit<  from  Ttllamook  ftay,  441. 

cliaiuit-l,  til 

Iwr.  141 

hot  H..tiii<le<).  Ill 

ili|<(ti  of  wal<  r  liitttlr.  441. 

<'oa*t|  '^nrvi-y  Htathilt.   I4i. 

Ki'oKraplnral  |it»-«tlloii,  4l'i. 

maKOfih'  vartatioi).  it*- 

lanilfalt.  142. 

iiuno'i,  4tJ 
Ni-IU  r..tnt,«"i.lvo..  I'aiwaK'"-.*'''*. 
NVkuiiakmii.  rnrk.  I'*" 
NfiooUiliifH'  Uiv<-r.  t'oiiaiiN  lU*wl,  4M8. 
NiMi.ur  Ki\fr».  47^    IT'i.  tmi. 
Ni-ntnuKMti  Hay,  4iH 
NfHtiiKKiiti  Itivrr.  tJH. 

•  tialamtr  from  rA^*iat|o  Ili^ittl,  4'iH. 
laii'Imark.  11^. 

har,  l^-* 

■  li-ptti  of  \val«-r  on,  12M, 
lagw>ii  litHttIf  uf  eiilraiiL-«,  IJfi. 


^la 


ssmum 


IMU'.X 


fif>l 


Ni'^liiUKUli  lEIvcr    < 'niiliiiiiril 
K)''>uni|thli-ul  |Mf<itliiii.  l-".>. 

h'llKtIl  nf,   l.'l. 

ni'ltit  iiirlitM  iiloiiM,  r_**.i 

Hiillir'*  f.il  .   t  '•< 
NrliutH.  NiitiiiitH  Itity.  til. 
Nr'V  Allilon.  |l',. 
NfWt  llNtU-   l<<litlHl    ^•*'■^ 

N«M   IHinKVlK  »H  IUl>  .^.'ll,.Vl(. 
Nil  mil  Itin.  -'ij*.t. 


ill  |iili  iif  ivulir, W.p. 


i»ii>  liiintKi*  -VMl. 

IikIiI  li.iii«',rjf...V.>M,  MCI,  VUAHAWi,  W.MVMl,  Vi|,V,J,(«.l,!VM, 


llim  rllH'il.'i.»l. 

rli.iniilir  i.f  liKlilMO 

llliilt  iltiil  Jirr  i>r  \  JKililllly.Mil. 

K«'<iL;l)t)il)1i'tt)  liiimllMMi    '» 'II. 

liitmiH-tii   \  iriiitliMi   *i  :i' 

iH'unni;  unit  thxiuiiir  III  l-'ill/  IIiidU  Iik;lit-)intmr..''Wll. 
I  ri-Hi'i  til  llii.v  IIiH'k.MI 
I'liliir  1'iilht  .Ml. 


Wniiililah  IhIiiimI.-i'.I 

lliiii'  lihiiiil  liKliMioiim'.VII. 

I':ii|iiiniitlt  IikIiI'Iiiiiiii'.'iII. 


\  ii'liinit  liulil  III 


.:ll. 


lllHi'iivi>ry  liliinil  ImlilliniiKi'.  Ml. 

Slllllh'H    IkIiIIkI    lllllll    IliMKI'.VII. 

I'lilnl   I'lirlniU'ii.".  ;i 

.\iliiiiriill\   lli'Mil   liKlll-liiiii<H>.ri:||. 

rmnt  WiUdii  li^lit-liiHiHti. .VII. 


foK-niuimlA'n. 
hlliiv.  -MI. 


lulinin;  1111(1  iliHiallif  loliiilil-hiiilsi'.Ml. 


r I  Wiliiiii  lit:liMiiiiiHi'  Ml. 

I.dl/.  lliMik  liKlit'liiiiisi>..MI. 

lilll-H,  MJ. 
ill«M-nvcri'il,  M'J. 
'W  lluvrii  l.iiiiiliiii;. 'w  I 

iKiiriiiK  anil  ili-til fnirii  I'l.iiil    Vriilil  IIkIiI-Iiiiusi',  .'TI. 

roikHiiiiil  ri'i'fH  at  rritrann-  lii.'JTl 
imrriiw  (Milranri-    -TI 
inooritiK  liuny.  -71 


•*iuii(>th  watiT  wlltiin,'.*74. 
lirt'iikiTi*. -*TI 
K  llii|ii'  lIoi'kK.  Is. 


Niw  I'liinl.  Kl 


Svw  itiirt,  N  ai|iuiia 


liivcr.  4iri,  117 


iliHtiiiii'i'  fttini  iiHiulh,  11*1 


i|.. 


iloHir 


ilM'il.  :i:!.  .11,  III. 


ili'iwTiii'  loll  III"  ilttiiini'l.  11, 


iri|>ti"ii  III  liar. 


i'i«»Ti|ili"n 


•  f  iMitrani'i',  •ll,^^ 


rt'fiTiMii  1"  III  I y    I'l 

liaal  kTiiinlril«i'  rinuiri'cl  in  I'liliTlilK.I.'i. 
itUminiT  iiikri*  [liliil.  -i* 
ili'lilh  of  waliruii  liar,  'Vi 
n'riTfiiif  III  NiilimariiH-  valley, -W 
n-feri-iw*'  to  ilaiitfrr-*  ill  .i|i|iroarliiliK,  :l.'i 
ri'firi'iii  I-  lo  I'liii 
liili-Hili  »,  ril.iil 


I  111  rhitlliH'l.   l.^. 


ri'fiTrlli  I"  III  w 


liail  iiiitiiilr.  Ti 


inooriiii;  luioy  oil  w  liarf,:i."i. 
railroail  to  Santa   \na.  ^t-'i. 
rt-fiTcni  i>  to  laiiilniiirk  for  iniikiiii;,  .'{4. 
Nf»|iiirt  I.Kiiillni;.  -"'1 .  'J''-',  ■-".'■l,  ■.".I'l.  ■.".Mi 


a  .  iintraiU'il  uni' 


lioraii 


Hiiiiki'ii  riu-ki,  '.".II 
riiiim'  ill.  '-".tl. 
ilniliv  '.■'.It 

iiiiioriiiK  )iiio>'M,  '."Jl. 
ili'ptli  i.r  ual.r  ■-••.11 


Ni'vvi»iit  laniliiiK 


.lf»irilK..I,;14,:m 


a|ilili'iil  iioiUiim,  W. 


■  lor  .Han  Salvmliir, 'i.') 


Nfw  '['own    San  Ihriri 

Nit-nliiilc,  Inilian  naiin 

Mia«lii  luitiiin-   I'.ii 

Niiolni-ikl  Hivcr.tiiiir  of  1  i.'oruia,  ri7' 

Niirnt'l  lllililiv  It 

Nlpanil  Tnik  l.ainlini;, -'■'•. -''X- 


Nl|>aiii|  Till  k  l.aiiiUnit    tniilliinoil. 

lii'iirMiK  anil  il|..l.iiiir  riiiiii  llavi'ii's  Nick,  JIW. 

llHul  li,lliir,L;i,l'i 

alianiloiii-it.  Jiii'i 

Niwiiially,  I'liKit  .s iil.iijl, r.il, 

Nlr«|ihilly  I'lalH,  I'.'il. 

naiiii'  Tor  lok>kl|i  lliuik.  li.'.'l 
Nl-i|iiallv  I  aiiillni.'.  inontli  of  Ni«.|iiiil1y  Itivcr,  r.ll. 
Ni.Hi|iially  ItlviT,  ivj'j. 
.\o  I'UKH,  I'oiht,  iim, 
No  I'oinI,  I'ojril,  vi;.,^**,^^!,^,!!!,  WM, 
.Niiilnlr  I'oinl.   Vilmiralty  liilut.  V.ll.ftW 
.NiKli.-iii'lit  lilvir,  llvlllnKliuin  Ilay,'i7l 

Ilavi|;alili'.."i7l, 
Sti'ntilily.  Nliifi,  ^.I'lTi. 

.NiiiiiKliiy  l.'iiik.  H.l,  irj'..  171, 1'.i7, '.:i«i,  .IirJ, 'JKI,  aci,  ilii, 'JIM,  aaj,  2M. 
ili-mTilH-il,  '.*ii;l. 


rii|>litiiil  iiii^ilion 


ulliial.  .'11 ;. 

ri'Kiirili'il  «  nil  fiiir  '-'ni. 

Ki'oi; 

iiiaunilii-  v:ir'iitioii     ''il 

lininnu  iiml  ilixlaini'  lo  I' I  liryrs  linlil-hiiiiMi,  'J 'l. 

North  t'aniilntif*.  -111. 
I'oltll  lloiii'lii  liKllt-llonni'.  'JIM. 
SiiiilliiMsl   l''arniloli  l>:;lil  hoiiiie.  Wl 
\\  tii-tlini;  'iiioy  oil  Siiti  i-'riiiu'itiro  lair, 
-111 
U'll-liimv,  '.111 
ili-n-liil.  Jill. 

i|irrilioti.i  for  tl^'llillin^.  '.'nt, 
li'ilyr  tii'iir.  '.Ml. 

loiali'il,  1.1I.-1. 
Norlli  Hay.  T.'\ 

Niirlli  lli'iiil  I'oinl.  Koiii  Hay,  liKI, 
Niirlli  l-'arall ■•..  Jul.  ."-".'. 


nilnilii  r,  Jul. 


ill- 


iil.iil.Jii|. 


l.'i'iiKra|iliii  III  |ioMili(iti,  '-irJ. 

k'roiinil  iiroiitiil.  'Jit'.'. 

Kailini:  'liri'i'llonx.'.lv'l -Sin. 

cliarlN  '.I'-J. 

naiiirH. '.'iij. 
Norlli  lli'ail  I  a|ii'  I>lHa|i|Miltiliiii'til,4.'il,  174. 

ill  -1  rilii  .1.  I'll 

i;ioi;ni|ilii.al  |.ositt.,ii,  |.M. 
Ncirth  I'oitit,  ITI.lsl.Jl.s. 

loi'.itloti  l'<l. 

wari'tioiisf.*.  |s|. 

ili'Hi  riliril.  I''!. 

ili'lilli  of  «  nil  roll'.  K'.'. 


Ill  .h-ta Ill  Ml.ii  k  I'oliit.  l'* 


.\li'iitrii/  Nlatiil  liKlil-limmp.  l.S'J. 
Klo-rtotn  lioik  liiii.y.  l^'J. 
Ycrlia  llni'tiM  l.iKliI  lliiil>i|',  IH'i. 
oIlli'iMif  ii'p  irli  I-  f  T  llii'  Mrrrhaiil^'  l-lxiliatiKi'.  I--'. 
I  niU'il  Slati'S  ri'Vi'tlllr  ulliriT.  l'''J. 
(|iiariiiiliiii'  onii'i'rs,  Ih'J. 
Norlli  KiMM  ,  sliojiiwali'r  I'.ay.  I7i'i. 
Niiilli  IJi.ik.  lif^liiiilion  l-.lanil,.V»l. 
Noilli  saml  lli'ii.l.  I'-rasir  l!ivi'r,r)7<.  •|H1,  ri^2,fW. 
Iioirki'it  liy  a  liKlit-liiillso,.'WI,.'i>.'),  Vsli. 


.V..if/u  1  iicr.  Hti-iHiirr.  wri- 
Niirlliiriii'r  Koik,  :1H.  :l|.-- 


rk.il.ll.i. 


Tw. 


.la'hoiii  Itnik.ll:!. 


.'uranil  ilisliiin'o  fr li(,'lit-lKiilw.:liX 


ili.-Hliinct'  fi'i 


shiiri'.  :U 


■  li'litli  of  wiitiT  on  anil  in'  ninil.tl  1 
rmU  u.swii.ili  liitwi'fii  shun*  .-inL.tt  i 
liiatinu'  .mil  ili.tiitiii'  frotn  till'  <i|!ht'lloilKC.3l5 
iliilani'i'  Iroin  Sinttli'y'i 


:tl- 


t  'up*'  .Mftnloi'iliii  ;!I-'i 


N<il'tli|iorl  l.allilitit;.'.".w. 
ili'Hirilii'il.-''.i^. 
lu'arini;  iinil  ili^lanci 


rrri'k  ni'iii*.  -".'>*. 
iipiMilo  llii'si'a.2'.i'i. 


friiin  I'l.i.il  <alirillii,2'i'. 
l:,)i  kporl.'2'.is 


vi-11  liroki'ii  liy  oiiUyiiih-  roiks.  J'.W 


Ki'iitrapli 
liyilronriii 


liii'iil  pi.-iliiin.'."«. 


rtliwttrit,29H. 


i 


fif>2 


IM'I.X. 


N(irlli|Hiri  IaihIiiik     <  oniinth'il 

\ttrlliu««l  iit((  h<>riit£*'.  Hiiiit.t  ltt><*ii  InUiitl.  Hft/Jl. 

Stirlhwi-ii  *  H(^v  .!.W.  JV.  J.»*  JAi.  J7«. 
|{('t>KriM'))i>  itl  |Mt«tl|iin,  JA". 
iniiltii*'lt>   \  itnitliMit   .'%7. 
in«(Mir<   « iirrnil  olf  -'*iT 
lty<lr<ik:ni|t)i>   ••(   (In    i-mol    )>fl\«-)H'i)    lUMlrgii    lli'itil  iiml  I'l 

l{.--.  .•■»■« 
iUiiti«  r*.  .'■»'» 

nit'  »hi>T(-  MDlltMlniii^.  '^"^ 

Norttiwt  «t  I'iMMi.  hmii  <  Um.k  111*-  I*Ihim|.7I. 
(Irw  niH-fl  :t 

U^'tttifftpllti'itl   |Nt<illUM).  ~'i 

N..rlhu«*»  U.tk.  ;••»,  i^;  t»ii.  WI.-WV. 
iit/«-.  M.I 

iK'JirtMK^  titxl  iliHtnni^^  rrtiiit  iu>it{lilM>r  idk  riH  k«.  Kl. 
k<)|)    Ivl 

N..rih«*^i  *M  Ml  itiH'k   ti-  iv(.  iM  fivi.  srsrt.iiv.  .iv.,wiiv:v.i..v;i. 

iM'ftrm.:  hm.I  tl««UiK'<    from  *  ><-.«•*•',»  \  'iiy  Ittf  lil  liuUM'.ilVI. 
rr«tiii«iiiiory  Kuck.l'hl. 

Hill  vtrvl 

hrlKlit  3\T 

liKlil-li'-iiiMMin.lH.'CVX 

riH'k  iirar.  .I>\t. 

tt*<|>l>i  of  wiitrt  itrniiixl.  'Al 

111 »  Ir.ir  wi-iilhi-r  -(IcniiH  r«  u'"  iii«ii|p  of,  IVi. 
Noti«'^  til  MiiriiKTH.  npltiiiiilory  imH*',  A, 
A.iifl*.  tiirx file.  IVT, 

Nnynrn\r.  >:.  JHH. 
Noyo  IJlvrr.  ^f.i-C.a** 

nnrhor.i|c*v  -"'■ 

lH<«rtii|{  nit>)  MiotJiiM.   frotn  I'lxiit  <'fil>rjlli>.  J*1T. 
Mrn<l<K.'iiio  Itiiy.  1<1 

wliort*  liiii-    ^■'T 

iiiiiiMMo>i*  t  n-rk*.  *.?C. 

foiil   U.tt<( I.  >7 

krl|<  ltrii»k«  f»»rif  of  twt  11,  JST. 

ilrplli  ol  uatpr.  2*7. 

•I/I'  of  liitHmr.  ■--.. 

IfMiliitk:  ill  mnu'*.  •^'T- 

U'ltKtl'  "f.  >' 

wHlih  ..f  :;-*: 

no  <  loitt'  .il  itiii  liormcr,  '2hm. 

tUt(  t"  trtki     XiflM'U.tUl.  'JMM. 

<oi»*i  '■irvt  V  •(.(lion.  J-^M. 

Ki-i't:!  ii|>lni  III  |H>nitioii,  '.fv*. 

Uii'linitrk.  2'» 

forr*!  tolln-  iiorlh  of   ;*v 

Inilmii  imitif.  J^*« 
Niikit'onKp  I'l'iiit    t>-riti)  r  i>»iik-  ^i*-  (i«k  ll<  nil   A.i| 
NniiilH-riDK  "f  l>(ioy»     ■ 
Niini|rtl   ItiillAiiM.  I'''!, 

O. 

Oiik  lUy.  V.|.^>4  v.iv 

HltllHllt>lt,  V.i't 

ilf|»th  itf  w»HT,  V.*S 

riirr«-(iit  'V*^ 

iiaiiitil  l.>   V.uii-oiufT,  Vjft. 
<>»k  '  o\e  '.{J 
Otik  llHrUfr  •«■>, N  l.ilirj 

iMtov  '<r.» 

|iK><(  »"-■ 
Oak  lliu'l   Ho...)  h<\ii,k1  iVil.C3'>. 

h(lllililr.u;i 

foriiicr  UHiiir.fVtl. 
O.ik   Moiiiiialii.  )U1 
«':iLliii..|    IT'-' 

'htkluifl    H.i"ui,ir-!..   I.  li.l.t.CMl. 
Uitl  latiil.  I'llKrt  Soiiiitl.'i.tl 

t>ukuit<l  llarlHir  JK< 
niltiiilioii.  Jlf' 

ji-iiK-K  jh: 

uioiitli  of  I  liitiihel.  JKi 

Oti««*r\ntor>   I'ninL  ^iri,M*.|  i'l-iik ,  ."ijii. '/T 
i  M>fM  r%  (ilor>    l;o»  ko    \  Miii'oiivi-r  lilaiol,  ^|u. 
KiM>t(rmiitiu-ttl  itowtlioti.  Ml 


OlmlrU'  lloll    l-liiilij.  V;^ 

IikI-Imi,    *.;» 
iMixlMK  liiMi  l'ii»»   lloxitrio '^(ntil.    f/i.  VW^. 
\u.llli    \A. 
Hiiiiki'ii  roi  k-*  tn    Vw 

IhtHIKItli  .  LfouiMlilthttl  IHiNlllolt,  .'kl. 

MiHtfiit-lH'  Miriitlion,  M\. 

ri-riTtiii  f  III  \%  linrf.  Ui 
ni(|:.Mk     ;ll 

Im  uriiiii  iiiol  iliiliiiMi'  from  Hi-hl  lioi|*f.    Ml. 

NiMiill  r.M  k^  iii^hti-     t!| 

on  Intii'l.ol  Cork     v.\  ut    ::t 

li«*»irliiu  (Kit)  <li<.|iii)ir  from  \\m\\\  lioiitr,   ITJ. 

•trr.   It-.'. 

ht'iK>il.    (-1*- 

fiKil  iHillom  nroiiiid.  Wl 

roi  k  lo  llii-  norlli%\('«l,  IIJ. 

I>n'nk  in-ttr,  1 1.' 

no  \rt-rl  oliiind  I'M  iiiMlilf  of    tl'J, 

Imii-<<  of  ««t!<'l  V  lit  a|>(iloiii  limt{,  XVl. 

Oil  w.  II  on  >H<i  Miuni  I  I«1iumI.  *>I, 

n|,t  '  oto  iiiM'lioriiKi',  u^. 

ol.l  rn-.  k.  It: 

oji-lr  Point.  II I'lriMiiit.  ivil. 

f*/iirr  fii/fv    Uirk,  W!,  |vi 

<  '!nt-trr.  %•* 

i>lym|>lii.  I'liurl  ^oiiii'l   fi.Hi,  c.^rj,  flLM. 

N;ithMK  (Mrt-rtloli<i    In,  t>»M. 

ll.l.H.  .-..7 

U<*o|irit|>liirul   iMMltlon.  (VJ7. 

miiittii'tii-  \  itriiilion,  •'■.'?. 

in  iirr»i  <li  m-ri)tlioii  of,  (VJ7. 

Iilfh(.r.j>4. 

wlmrvrH.  TiiM, 

riitlroml  >-oMti<M-tton<t,  tijM. 
Olymplti  liiioy.  (.'.T 

«li'|.|'i  of  wj»i,r  itl    '■.;'7. 

It'iiriiik:  iukI  ihohiiH  •■  lo  mtf11ftny«-i  •>  l*<>inl.  (VSt. 
oivinptu  u  linrf.fV.T 
()|ym|iii<4.  Muiinl.  M'J,  .*tl't,  M*t,  .V.'l.  fi'A\. 
nlytnpiit  Umuki'.  .•••'7,  •■I'^t,  *».1'i 
OniiH  Uliiiiil.  WittliiitKtoii  '«oiin(l,  ''fil.  RfW.  !S(irt. 

fli'Ni tiImiI.  ^wJi 

l'ii'«'«iim'  oiT.  'n*i7 

nmrk*  •!  !•>  it  hk'lit,  V". 
On  hHr<l    I'otnl    i<IJ 
I  In  Ininl    I'oM    V.tM.  rrf'l.  fiilft.  f.lil. 

itrtgtin   .'.  nm.  4'tl 

rlyniolotcy    UVI) 

ilt>M  u\rrlr<i  in.  .Wl. 

iMMiinlrtrlin.   tl'rfi. 

•  o.tM  to  rill  tko  llivrr.  I'iit. 

rhiiit  (iKtilt**  in,  ''. 

tin  HI  t  for  till  proirt  iioii  of  liimyt  ;triil  lit'iK  iMiH  m,  |o  '/'I. 

<  iii-iou  II.  on  the  N<»4liit(uitli.  4.N. 
I  irfonl  I  ii|M-.  Id.  IMi.  iC**,  l"'.*.  IW'I. 
itrforii  I  liiiimfl.  I'^t.  .>v4,  .'t>iV 

NilUittioii.  ;i^ 

wiiltli,   Ml. 

i|<>|iih,  Kl 
orfoni    I'ort.  Wt.  ;lft.t.  ;»fW.  rj   V\.  T.i. 
firfor.l  IU.*f    (71    t7H,  :t7''. 

iliotu  n  r  from  *liori'.    ■''.» 

111*1. riit-liwii  t«)  vrom-N  ni  |H»<u*tntc.   CU. 

•  likiiKf  r<«  .li*M  ritM'l  III  iltlail.  :t<«i,  :ih3. 

fool  Kronml     l^'J. 

I.n-i*k^    Kt 
0"/f'immr,  MriiliHi    •«irii>k    ^s<.i. 
tirk  K'rtf.  Win.lii'M^r  IWiy   4irj 

iii<tlriii'tionH  for  kvouIiuk,  I'iJ. 
Oro  \\*v\     .Xmlcroon  Itluit'l.  f>.^t. 

t  tfMMl,  I  'Vk\>*'     \\n\  II    '"'H 

^;'ot;r*ii»liiiil  |M><*Mlon   '••W. 

iiiituiH-lit    \  111  iiitlon.  '<M 
Ot«-U  NIiukI    I  LilliTy  Ito.  k*  Vi; .^n"*..'.!!!. 

.lf«it|lMl|.5(tH. 

)M-Hrtiiu  lint  I  iliNlttnic  Irom  <  'ii|i<-  Aliiv  ii,  '^fJ. 

Intliiiii  n.iiiii'  for  -Vfj. 
Own  l.rtkt'.Mn. 
Om-11  Uivrr  Mn 

lituriiiii  '*"'■  'li-'laii'*'  from  <  ain*    V  liivii,  '»ti». 

d(«lvrllH'il.M» 


inukx. 

693 

Omi  lliliii,  \rniyci  IlKV 

I'urUtMui-  ItiiiiU.  St  mil  i>f  |-'iii  til     <  iiiilihiii  •!. 

II.M  UHII  iri'ik.  III! 

I'Ut.y  nil  \Vl     rmiilhiMil 

ii.iriili  lliiy,  IViri  iir.lmriiuift. 

I't-iti  ihu  uikI  <liMt)iiir«'  III  I)m'  ruiililli'  hI' 

rrntittlnii 

iNhtiul, 

Oltir  r.iinl,  Vii iiMi  Niiiiiil.  V(J. 

<li'H4>rtl>«<>l,fVr.' 

Ni  W  iMiiiK*  tl* 

>N  liuhi-liiM 

Mr,  ■'>■'».'(, 

il>'|.lli  ..1  ii.il.i  iiil.Ml 

tii<itnitil>>n<  III  M  >Hi  |x,  V)  i. 

liiM  Iiiirii|{i*  iM'Hr.'il.' 

HllMtit  riiri  rillly  h  tllMilrtI,  V'l.t. 

« (irrfiilM.M- 

1'iiH.i.  Mill,  n. 

<i||>  r  I!m.  k.('ii|ii'  I'oiilHi'iillii  r.  IJll. 

ruiw.   Vtlivi'.  '.TJ.'tHt 

■  iiil  li.iikH  J'i«. 

1               rurtiMiniiit,  fiJl, 

llnlir  llri'iik.in. 

l>«MV|itiiiii.  "Mil  'iH-  v.w,:iw. 

iNNtrlitK  Miiil  •linlitiKi'  rriint  ^li'tini- 

IhmiI  l(<H'k.:ll  1. 

OtiMni'  liiih.  .')!;*)  .Vrf;. 

li^ht  1 

tttmiv  i' t. 

I'tMVilH'.  TH.*!. 

utiiiM  In.  1"  *"^*''- 


tiri'ftktTM,  Mil 
Oiilir  I  »  III  li<..  k    III. 

liiMti  iMu  iumI  ilwliiriii-  fri'iii  It^hl  Iidiihi-,  (]  I. 
lUvtMi  I'nIiil.Vi ii\rr  Ultltul.'M  >,  MM. 

niik  iiM.'iln. 
MUCH  Uiit'k,  \  iiiK  >iiiv«  r  NhiM*!,  iio. 
ti,hii<l,  <«ttt|i.  JVi 

ovNii-i  iikv  i;)-'t 

iwiMic  for  NiUUilln  \U\y.  1 1; 
<>>Mtn  \  ill.-  sliMulwiUrr  Hrt>  ,  Til.  T'J.  iHit. 

«lmrf  IT"- 

iliiiiiiM'l  hi.  !'-«. 

rthi'iiU  iii'iir.  I7«. 
OyMt-rviJli-,  Vii<|iiiiiii  lilvrr,  lt\ 
* 

I'. 

I*nii'.  <'ltnrIi'J»,  .'*. 

I'lii'i  I    '  oiwI.KriH'ral  (If'.cripliuti  t»f.  Hi. 

f  'U>"ll,.'ll, 

m'iMitiiN  f»r. 'Jitt. 
wliifU  of.  2:111. 
rui-illr  Miiil  S*t'illn-Mtn|*  <' pilliv.lt. 

/'iK-lfii,  Hh  ltlll>>llip    711, 
I'lKillr  '    lllliy  I  uVf,  111 

I'liilui.i  lliiy  rxii.  Vix 

l'u|j>rM  I.iiimIiiik.  IM.II'<   US. 

■.!/.■   I  !■>. 

irnoririK  l)lii>>  M   t  r< 

lifiiriiiK  tint)  tl)t*iiiii('i'  friHM  MdiiliTcy  wimrf.  U.\ 
I'lijiir.i  UiviT.  IIH. 
I'li.lurii.  tt»wii.  1 1.%. 
rulii  V     Miluin.HHli  \.n\H  Kry  MiMintilltlrt. 'J!l. 

In-ml.l   -.".I, 

.'I'oi'i  Miliirill  |>UHllion.'J'.t. 

Ill'...'llll  ■>■■ 

riiliiiiiur  .M'Miiiiiiin,  Sitri  l.tiis  Ki'y.  -i. 

IlliKllI.J'l 

KtMiuril|illU':ll   lutMllilitl.    2*.*, 

liiii.ir.iM,  .:■.', 
I'bMhi.  lliiy.JMii. 

tMMiniiK  tiil«l  diMtuih  r  fruiii  1' t  (  tilinllo,  jsti, 

N..V..  lllviT,  J11.  , 

Klinri'S.Jx'i. 
1  linH'.ixV 
il<|illi  iif  Hiitir.  .Wi 
ri'tfl..  111!'  liiirlliivinl.JMT 

lllltM'iU  «<I11H'  (.mlntlnn    SHI. 

no  miM.rmu-*. -"^T 
l'iil<.u..ll.Ml,.1r.'. 
I'iilii\  IClvi-i.('ii|n-  sli.uilmitir.  171,  ITS. 

riiiiiiiiui.  II.  V. 

/'.111. 1(11,1.  Hlciiliti-i .  \~ft 

ru)tiu4. 1. If.  i'i7 

t{IMiuril|ilHru>  ptwltlnll.  U'<H. 

I'lirki-r'-*  Kt-rf.  'CuMiirin  .siriiil..*»»W, 
I'HrUi-r-tlMiri;  u>\vii.:t'.l*», 
I'airy  Iliiy, '-Ir.iil  iil  l-"inii.  .'»l!i. 
I*i(rliii^'.l<>ii    .iiiiihiii;,  I!-'. 

ih.Hlaiict' frniii  l',iiiil  •'111.  I.I-. 

iiiii'liiiriiKf  I  '.J 
I'lirti  I.Iki-  I  lull  1. .  >*lriiii  lif  I'lu-ia.  v;i;.  .•i!7,  Mn.  .v.:i,  V'v-i.  \v.>.  .v.m,  vjl,  lau 

f,i/»v.Vt.l. 

Mliialiiiii.'k'ht. 

«lrwrilH'tl,.Vl.i. 

Imiiy  on.  V>;j. 

lK-«rinii»iiililist«iini"  Siiiiili'-  r-l.iii.l  linlil-lic.iisr, '..•>-!. 

I',, lilt    CurlriilKi'   Kfil    ltuii\  ititUr 

filtlloniM  ■'•■'':(. 
.Vilniinilly  llf.i.l  liylu  li.iii-i>  .VM. 
I'.ili.l  WiNi.ii  IIkM  li"llw.''-'..l. 


I'oli'   "iii7. 
Tori  in  ,  .^t*-'.  .V^L.'i'O. 
'I'liali'licr   V,|. 
rii«»aui  .    Vuillf. 'Jll.lili.'i.ri.lJ. 

\nai-il|ia.  '.'■*. 

Hali'lr-,.  |-,L'J.i,^:l.li'.M. 

.  ,,lyim.  .V.l>..|-,|M.llll,lil:i  lilli.CilH. 

HhIhi   I'l". 

Itaiiu-*,  r.jii 

llra.ili.ii   iiJI.iv.'i',. 

llali'H.  .'.i.M,  *>i;',i.  (iJI, 

ll.-.iili  .  -.I'p. 

llnopiM'*.  Jill. 

Niirr, ,«■■<,  r,l»  lil'.l.liM. 

I'ralr  n.  li'.'li. 

I'lll.'.JI. 

I'litiMiMr.  ',.*VI. 

i;i(  li  1.  ii-i'..  1,1.1. 

San   Minitil,  'il.'.)-!. 

Hiiraliina.  ■'•■'■'  'a«i,i',iil. 
I'.iHwiKi-  l-lali.l.  llMlTanl  llil.  I . 'i.;!. 

I'lixnaKi  Hill  Iwiin  till'  iilaiiil-'  nl  llii'  r>Hiiln  tiarliara  ChaiMii'l.'il. 'Jil, 
I'ali,-.  iHlanil.l'iiiial  ilf  ll,irii,  V>r,  .ViH. 'iil'.i. TiTJ.  "i7:l..'>71. 
t-i'iiu-rapliirai  |MimU,,i,   Vi'.i 

I'liln,  Uh  I' 1,  1;I7, 

I'llUi'i-inli  ('   l'..l'iit'1111'i  Siiiiirillli'lidl'iit   U.  8.  I'oilgl  iltiil  liciaU'llo 

.siirvt  y  iffiTi-nit*  til, 7. 
IVak.  Al-iya.  IIJ.  111. 

.XlllllTinn,  I  ■-. 

Ilalil.  ITI.MVi 

Ciiiii'.  l:»i. 

CiMiilira  ill'  la><  Alirin.  I.V<. 

(iniylmi-k,  i.'i7 

Kiiii{.-'7:1.  ml.  iii">,>II''.i. 

I.iiiii.  I'J'.l. 

Maiiry'H.  II-.',  lis. 

I'iiii  Itlanvii.  l-'l-'i. 

I'ri'stiiti,  .V»7. 

."tiiliHi'.  I<'7.  111.  Ill.:i'.i<i. 

SilviT.  I'.".!.  I  III. 

Siri|«'il,!lls.Viii.v.'->,  VJ7. 
Siil|.liiir.-Ml 
I'lali-  1  I'a—aui-   I'lmil  s,.iltiil.tV.'l',. 
IVap,"!  H  II. «k-.  Wa-liiiiul.iii  Siiiin.l.lVi6. 

(l.-«.rilM'il.r.i.i-,. 

ilf|illt  iif  wat.r  af,.iin.l..'»i'.ii 
IVarl  llarl.i.r   11'' 

l.iMniiL;  HI. 'I  .li^i.ii.n-  t'ri.ii.  Point  l-;^tiToH,  11'.' 

Ill,  liarl.i.r.  Il'.i 

il.iiiKi'r.  IJ". 

im.lii.iilu'i'.  l-ii 
i'l'iivini'  I'liH".  lilt    , -1.    Strait.  •'>*..'». 
I',.,.|ii>lli.il«',  Ml 
IVilio  l!ii>-k.  Ins.  1.'..  111.  II  I.  Ill 

lii'alllik'all.l  ilislaii.  I' iriM.i  I',, ml  San  l.nw.  Iil> 

ai.l'r.iraii.'i-  If. H.^hiiri-.  1"" 

l.ianiiK  ai.'l  .li-l;u.,.'  1..  \\  l.i^llin.14  l.ii.iy.  hi'.i 
I'.il.li-i   Uiy    snail  ..I   I'll,  a,  8iri. 
IVilirntil.s  I'.iinI,  Mi. 
I'l'.ln.  I'liint.  :;s    I'l.  111.  Il.i.is 
I'lii.i',  l'.,i,Miniiti.  I..niii-i  sii|..'riiil.ii.l.'iit  '  "ii-t  Survey,  r.-fi'ren.i' 

til.  7 
I'.lii'al  Kliill.  Saiila  llarl.ar.i  <  IlhiiiiI.  '-'■. 
I'i'lii'un  Hay,   •k  ,  '■:•• 

naiiu'.l  liy.  ■'■'''• 
I'l-h.-iin  Hay.  Siiiita  Cni/  Islanil.  s7, 
I'i'll.aii  I'liinl  .(li.lila  I'l.mt ',  .'i,!.  I'.l 
r.'li.an  lii.ik.  I'nii.l  San  .litan  (  a|.i«lraiii).  '■». 
I'i'llv  I'.. ml,  IriiHiT  Itivir.  'iM 
I'vnalli.sfui  .l..iiiau.'t"''iilmiariiii  inl.l.-sinSan  Kriiin'is«.«iiy,l.l7. 


S,.. 


.ii 


'i  i 


¥•  -I 


ifr-  ! 


Ill  ^* 


69 1 


INDEX. 


I^■ll^l^•^  I-IaiM*   ('mini  ilo  lliiro.  VVH,  'v*l 
retklufiulK.  Kih-iii..'i'.i.s. 

Sail  r      jcImn).  !M. 

Tnnmli»ii«,  Ir.s.  |T3. 

T.)inii1.i«,l'iN.h;5l. 
lVnlii»ii1n  r.iti.l  I*',  IKt. 
r.hii'ii  •■.ivi-,'V<i.r«il. 
IVti,.!.-  roli.l.^l'.i.  ■Jin,  2H 

\;-m.  1  i,iii.iii.',i,«i  *i. '.ii. IK  jir.Ms,")!:, 

I'orkm  -.  Unl.  II. .Ii  llrii<l.v>l 

(((■•vrilHcl,  :"\. 
lVr|N-l>iH,  (HIT,  Idl  »'«.  I'>,  4i'.'.  111,41).  111'..  U:.4.M.«J2.U1. 

IV*  ii.l^ni  r..|i.|.  \V<.  1.19, 11« 

kH'nt'liiu  iinil  ilWtAltco  froiu  I'ltct'on  Point.  l.V). 

ntli-ri*  Inn-  IVi. 

i*unk<'ii  rtM  k*.  I^(i. 

Uitl.mi     11 -iLirf .  IV. 

ftlii'.ilt  Dtiotiiti  iifiir   I.Vt. 

fi.rt.tMtii.ti  i.r  .<04kl.4iHrtl.  1.'.<J. 

dh'.rf  (>>  I'lllar  I't.iitt,  15(V 

ui.  kt  It..  \'>h. 
frluluiiui  I  rM-k.  'JII.2IZ. 
IVtitUrn.l  Viilliy,r>l. 
IVt.'.-.  I'.mil.i|» 
IVlr..lin.  l.iwh  ..f  *i». 
rvtr.iltum  •.(.nut:*,  .ttUJ. 

I'fciir.r » IV. 11,1  !  x:.  m. 

b.  nriiiu  aii.l  ili:«i.(iur  fr..iii  I'u'.U.u*  Ithincas.  132. 

I'oinl  ^ur.  l:J-* 
KiK-horitue.  ru. 
Ii>llkili'i|.|un.7l>. 

l'luli|.|.iiit'  l»i»ii<l».i:i6. 

Til-..  Hlum^.  l'.-..k.  1  a 

iH-aritiK  Ati.l  illntjifict-  frutii  roint  *^iir.  l.V. 
I'Uii  It.K-k  i:i 

l.«-Hrlni;  Htid  ilMlnit.c  from  .Huii  Sunt  (tit  \\  liurl'  UI. 
t*uitW'  n  r.ttktt  n-  :\r.  121. 
ripflm*  lllHiu-na  l<i;llt'tloUKt.  I!  I.  l\>>  124.  IJV.  |.»>.  1  11.  133. 
ttrfti-nlH'tl   121 
arc  or  viitlltillly.  I2^. 
Kt  ti^nii'li.t^ii  ;.tt*iti<in.  125. 
lunicnt  ti'.-  VArlnllttii.  li^ 
iM'Hriik^  ititd  tti«Itinit>  t<i  tVt  rit  IImUtom.  l'2-^. 
Ttttn    >ini  I. Hit*.  12:^. 
!■■  oil  vrmu'llo.  1.S, 
(  lift*.  H«i,  MMrliii,  12&. 
I't.liil  Stii.  12'.. 
I'.. nil  rint.ii.  125. 
ri..<lr.A4  lllAi.ti^  I'onil   l;l   I  1...  Wl    Lvn 
IMitlia*  lll;ii..nt.  lt..<k.  V.   12' 

iKtJtni.^  ikittl  ilmtAiK-t'  Irotii  1*4. tot  Hl%l|  .^iDtf'll),  121 

i'tt  tlran  IWiiiit..s  llt;M-ti>.iiS4. 
ili'».'rlU-il,l]| 
".(o. lai 
i'lf^l^t.«  tit-  ItM  I.<ilK»t  IV 

IN-Hri'-K  iiiitl  »l  jHt.iiitf  frtiiiv  I'tiint  Stir.  117 
l'lKr.,11  I'ttliil   !'.4.  IV.  I'.:  215.  221   2<.' 

l>CHrir<v  iiii'l  ili*taii(T  fr*}!!!  ruiiit  i'liitm  iiKli'    r>l 
.h'ln-  lit.r  IM 
o..  •Iior*.  tKHiri'liiiK'*  li* 
tthy  itHiit4Nl   1  ".1 

llltlll-lto.l^f   111,  II'J.  l-»'.  1.52,  l\l.  I(i<>.  l&H. 
■Il.mlitill.  IM 
kil.ilor  IikI.I   I.S4 
arc  til  »i«il.ilily  l%4. 
K('oicrA|tliitit1  ittnlliioi.  I.Vl 
iiinKTiflit  varijiti-in   1.5% 
Ih'MMiik  Aiitl  tl.tttuiitf  Ui  i'liiril  ^tir.  IV» 
I'ltiiit  I'lntMt.  I'A 
I'.ilfil    \i.  .  \ii.  v..(t.ii  mM-1 
MitiitKrii  I'ltittI  It.ij  t^tii"tlt'   I 
S  i:  Ki.rtllt.ii  lUlit  httiitti'  ft 
Ijii.jy  off  Hau  Kruin;tmo  Uur 

r>ik...t%  ht«ti*».  i*.o. 

lai.tlfall.  |,5A. 

dev|.-tu'.i  Acitintlliii^H  off,  IM. 

nut  ti<ir)ii;i>   f 'tl, 
riKfoii  .■■tir.l    K,««lliiy.;«)«. 
I'l!'-..!.  Ki>.r    iV< 
PllUr,  K'.i<u,rtU,51«. 


121 


IM. 


I'lllnr  rolnt.!5fl.  157.  |r,9.2i; 

iM'itrinu  Hliil  tll>.tailt>f  trt.nl  rii,.t'i.ii  rtiliit,  t!S7. 
ttttl,li.ii(;iilv,157. 
Cornil  tit*  Tifrrii  -■'itrtiii^ti  tutitu.i,  1,57. 
fitiil  linltolii.  157 
nlloni  iiiiirki.tl  l.y  l.iioyM.  1.57. 
fl«k--"lnir  1  t~. 
<'tMi«l  survey  '4lulitiii.  |5«. 
^'rt>i*rtinlilciil  itoNition,  I.5.H. 
initKiii'li.  \  II mil  Kill.  15*. 

lll!ltll|liuk.t.  |5h 

Pillar  I'oinI  521  5JI  52\M1.5t5 

iM^uritiif  itiitl  tlisiHiit  f  from  W'liutttliih  iHlmitl  52* 

I'Mi/.  Ilouk  litilil-lioiiw  .  i2l 

frt'Hli  w,it<T  III.  *._'4 

il<'«tril.ftl.-.2l 

H|.l>|.iiniilr<*  lit  H  (llntitiut..  524. 

tilltiri.  riiMt  of.  "'25. 

wrt't'k  l.ui.y  '.2'.. 

nlittrftiiic  to  I  M-stfUl  liny. 52.5. 

rm-kt*  iirur.  ^^^i 
Pilliir  KtH  k.i'i.luuiliia  Uivvr,  MU. 

Mitiiiition.  1'i.l. 

lIP-HtT'lKMl.  t<"..t, 

nliiml  iK'iir.  It't.!. 

iiiitiie.t*  for.  IChv 
Pillar  •( ...k.  11  I.  lilt.  157. 
Pillar  I.  .,'k  i'ttini.il'.i.  UI.  I&.5. 

■.'illiirtllttn  (rfi.k,  157. 
I'ilot  love.  17". 
I'llol  Kfii.l..  Ct 

lii'iKlit.  ~l 

ItcjirlnK  aiitl  •iiHlatitt'  fr>>ni  Caitf  Drli.rt]  li^lit-littiinv. 'C4. 

1  "illtf  **fl.;iMttttn.    •'."(. 

Miimliiitf  .Mituiitulii,.'174. 
KPOHraj-Ult  al  pi><illltiii,  '74 
nlt|.i'tiritlif.'  at  a  tlmluiK't-.  371. 
Pilot  laa..  t;i 

IMlol  law  strait  of  Kma. 5T'.i. 
I'liKil  Sttim.l  57.1. 
\*Mn<(>ilM.r  lMlantl..5Sli 
Itiirninl  liili.l  .5itl. 
IMlol  Point.  5.K1 

lllot  rfntulati.tti*  tiiftirtiiiti.,11  com'«'rnliin.C;7. 
Pilot  Kt»  k.  UI  XU.  Ell 

li(*uriii|,{  Hlifl  diAlam-u  trom  Trinitlatl  Mfa.l  .t.11. 

liKli>'liou»<',.m. 

Iii-ltllil   l-l> 

(lf|ttli  of  vralfr  iirotititl  3.'!1 

laiitlmtir't  for  th'  liarUtt      ;l 
Pill  Itot  k.  I 'atalm.i     .tirlNtr.s.i,,tM  r.ilatiiia  lHtatitl,7H7. 
Pi  ,.,j.|i.|io..  I'rt-fk.  2>.'2''  :«i 
I'lllf  I  ,r  i\  I'  \  iliaKf,  2V,. 
I'liif  Mill  lai.il  mark  .IimtiIuvI  2'<. 
I'liti'  Ulaiiil   '•lit.iluiili  r  lUy    I7ri 
I'llii'  .Maiiiitaiii    1..".  121,  12'2,  121. 
Pllifn  r.ay  of,  247. 
PliKH.  Point  of  217 
P.iinacli-  l(.M-k.27.'  r-J. 

piiii.atli' lloi'k  Til. HI ik  lltntl  )i: 

Pliiiiat-lf  Hot  k  t.r  Kiita  Pillar.  5|i't 

Plni.ulf  Ittt.  k>  2.57 

I'ilio*  I  aim  ill-   221   25' 1 

Pllt.w  PtillU.l. ••2.125,1.11,  ll»  1(11  111,  H2  111.  If.,  170  2tr2. 

Pl.iittil'iii  klm.. 

PUiiio  fantllKK,  .'l>..  no, 

N-aniiji  anil  >ll»taiit"i- frt, 111  P,tin|s,in  l.iii>,  1(>7, 
IHmiio.-aii.l.'itU.  I117. 

il.'Hi  rii.lit.n  tif  tln.ii'-llne,  liiT. 
Wt.i.rf.  lie 

tllrt-t'llttitM  for  al.|iroaclilitt{  vraarlii,  1(17. 

laiitlliiark.  ili7 

iltt.«trliiK  lt"lt»y^.|itt.»itittn  of.   Itr: 

Illiktrili-tlotiH  for  vi>*.-H-N  a|i|tr.i,it  lll,'-t{  wliurf,  1U7. 

laiiiliiiurk   III*; 

Arroy,>tiraiitli\  iiftiri'Ht  lowii.  It'T 
Piat.il  Ulvi.ir,:li.7 

nitiiatl'iu    .  ~ 

xvi.lll.  .if  Ufiulll   ir.7 

Itfat'll.    i'i7 

r'H'ky  Itli't*  louar-ln  <  a|i»  ..  i>aKtlaii,.167, 

iiiitiir^  itl  Iiitllaii^  -.11    u;v 
ruclifr  Puliit.Tlllaaouk  Uay.iU. 


■*-7 


iNiir.x.  695 


I'iit.  Mmiiit  m-:. 

I'iit  I'lKsiiui'  I'uiii'i  Sniiini.o:;! 

l'ln»kill   li.Kk.  l.m. 

I'liillx  ll.irl>..r,Siinl.'  I'nw  Uliiml.  S7. 

I'li\ll  ■<  Mill .Ji.l. 

ritiinlxT  I'asHiiur,  \'tin*'<»uvri  l-l.unI..Vp4(. 

I'lMiit.   \lial ,:ll.'.".>:i. 

r,.iiii  Aii.imi  'JK.  ni,  •.'7'.i. :i'»>.  ii>i.  r.'ii.  t2'.',  ii',',  irin,  ir>:,  ivi,  r>;.  rix 

li,.',  llWi.  ICT.  IIW. 
ilpwrilxil,  IVJ 
K(Mitfr>t|illii-ill  tH»Mitlou.  l'V2. 

.■'.■uni'tiT  of  liKliM-'t-. 
uri-iinil  liiiiil  ,if  vlxiliilily.  IM. 
Kf"Krii|iiiual  |»i>itloil.  Wl. 
lntl){ltrtu-  vurfntl'in,  IM. 

liEiiniiK  iiii'l  >li-lniMr  I..  CiiK-orrur.t  linlil  Imu-.!'.  (M. 
<ii|M  (Hrn..iy  liKlilliiiiltf,  \Xl 
V  i.|ililpi\  ll.it.N  IlKlll-llMII-l-.  I'vl. 

Till.ir U  l!".k  h^hl  Ii.miv.  C.:!. 

i'a|i4-  Di.HapiMiintliH'iil  liglit,  !'>•{. 
(iiK-«lii«lli',  IM. 
iiunir^  for.  I.'kt. 
r..llll,  M'.li.V.lM.Ciim. 
rmiil  Anttvli  «.->l^.r.i\SJfi,SJ7. 

Ixiiiiiii;  nil. I  .liHtiiiiM-  firm  <(li-.<Tvi>liiry  I'oiiil. '.J(l, 
<|.U  ..ir.  iLiiiK'Tou,  Ml  I'll.  K  \n-atli.T,'.v, 

I'.iiiii  AiHi  Nu.-ici,  111,  If.,  n... ir, ii\n:i, iiT, li',M5ii, irii.i'A isi. 
IV.,  !.-■*,  l;ir.,j|.-.,21;'.,  J-JUil.'. 

UM'lllil.ll,  I'll 

l.riiiU<-r»  IM 
.l.|.tlii.f  wiit.r,  IM, 
liul.li'h  .liiiif;.r,  151, 
an.  li..n»«.',  1'.-. 
ki'lp,  !■•,; 

ivlmrf.  I'.'- 
f0i;-wl.i-.tlc   r.i. 

,l..«,rilH-.l,  l,'.^. 

H.-..Krai.lii.al  |....ill..ii,  IVJ, 

l)i»K"."l"'  varialii.n,  1'.-. 

lK'»riiiK  aii.l  .IwUim- li>  "iiii'l  lliH  lUiin,  IVJ. 

l-ollil   1,1  ,1.111..,  I'..' 

ri.ihl  I'm.."  liflil,  I'.-'. 
I'ii;.-..ii  l'..ii.t  lii:lii,  l.'.J. 
S;iiila  irii/  IikI.1.  ivi. 
r.iaMl  Siiri.  y  rharl.  IM. 
iiit-iit:<.ii.-tl  l'.^■  'H.nzalf*.  l'»:t. 
(iml.iMluili-  fur  "IvainiTH,  IVI. 
.■.nu|.a.*.*»'H  alVf.if.l  ..IV  I*.  1. 
.ill'nli..r>'  «...ii..hi.i;'<.  I'.'. 
t'.illil  Vf...  Niii'Vi.  IlKlil-li...!-.',  1(1, 
I'ollil.  .\|i|.li'  «'..v>'..V.I7.">'.w 
l>iiliit  .\rl».l.-.la.  K 
l-uh.l.-f    Villi. -.'.I.I. 

l«-ari!ii  aii.l  .linlain''  ''"'»  '    M"'  Alava.r.Ul. 
,l..«riU-l,Mll. 
r...k.(..ir.MO. 
Kionriil.lu.  al  ix.Biliiiii.MI. 
lN,i,.t.U.-...i,  II'\^"-!  --■■.-"^.■^■'■-'«-'''  ■^^'■■^''^■-'■-.^'■^■^■'■'■•■-■'^■->^- 
■»,«,  llil.:ll<.''l'J 
tiy.lrii.!r'.(.liy  fn.iii  run  K.iw    .'''l 
UMiiii.;:  a...l.l|.<l.>iii>-fr"li'  I'l'tii'  Ki-yi-s,  :TM. 
.l.».  riN'.l.  '.iT.i.  -T- 
VU'W-  fri.iit  »7iv 
liy.lri.Winl.liy.;.':!. 
ilaiiv-i  r.-'7l. 

..n'nli'.i'  Hniili.liiiji"i, 'J7I. 
lurri'iil  -71 

Ian. Hall.  r..l.lH|.iiin{  M..1111IUI11,  .''I 
«i-,.,:ra|.l.i.al  1...-1I f. -"!■  

i,«i,t.i,...„»  I'l;,  -"•1..!!.:  jvi.i-.j,wj,'7i,J.i,:Ti..M..-.'..,Jvi,,..n, 
nw.  :ill,:ll>t. 
nUiialiiiii..'7l. 
*  narlvi-l»-«-.*,i7l. 
Iliiillof  vi«il.ilily.-'7-.'. 
j;i'i.ttnil.liH'al  j...-*tli.m.  -Ti. 
iiiaKtii'ti.  vHrialti.ii.  ''-■ 
Ual  liif!  ail.l  .Iblaiir-- 1"  I'liinK  ■ulillllii,  J7'2, 

I'liiila  iliinla.  27-' 

(■ap.   M. 11. 1. ..ill.'  lli;lil.'J7'.'. 

I'l.iiil  Hiyi'S  lii;litlnmwM;7J. 

Iliulrua  11.  ail.J7-. 


'.liiil  .Vi-.'na    f'l.nUiiuotl. 

...iisi  hii..' i,i('a|..>  .\lfii.liiiim>,27^. 

.l.'laili'.l  .Ic.n.  111.11..11  ..I  till'  f-liiiri's  1..  tlie  iinrlliwar.l  c>f,27:i. 
I'.,iiii  Vrniii'll...  I.'..  .'.7.  .'.Ii.  .'.7,  '.i.'i  imi.  1117.  111.  l-!i,  l-l.  Ii'),  135. 
l..-iiriliK  an. I  ili-tan..-  fritin  I'.iiiil  <'.ilici'|i(;ion,  lUO. 
I.iiiilfill.  l'ran.|Mlll.>ii  M..uiiliiiii.  UK). 
K«'..ui'aplii.'al  |>..>ili.iii  i.f  -iiiiiiiill,  lot. 
i'..a.<l  liii.'.  Ii.l. 
K.'iii  ral  .lr-*i'rn>1i».n.  Inl. 
lun.^ltl^;.  iiirtlriirli..iis  f..r  riitfri.iK,  101. 
pi'i-iiharily  iiiiiur.u..iMl.|.    ■    allicT.  102. 
sw.-ll.  111'.'. 

unl. .11111(11-  wliisdiiiK  l.uoy.  102. 
<'4mi.(  Siirvt'>  niKiiiil.  Iii2. 

U.'..Kra|.tiii-al  pu.sidoll.  102. 
iitHKOtMi.-  viiriattnn.  li'2. 
liiMriuu-  anil  ili-laiui-.  frutn.  I'i2. 
appt'iiraii..- ..f '.l.i.-.-l- vi-il.U"  fr..iii.  102. 
.>t)-Hl...l-i'  -.iiuiilii.i;?*.  I112 
1.1'ai  inK  ao.l  .lltlau.  .■  ti.  San  liafacl.  102. 
ilantfiTi.iiH  iiiillayi.iu.  rnkii.  In^i. 
•  alli'.l  I'inila  I'l'.l.'riMil.'n.  (In'  <  'aria  <  nni'ml,  103, 
i'rr..tir..HHly  prinlcil  I'l-.lri)  Nalcj*.  lo;t, 
natni'.l  Ity  Vaniiinvrr, 
I'.ilnl,  Amy.  212.  2i:l,  21'..  211'.. 
l-i.uil.   U(..r.     '.I 

INiii.l  Alkin«..ii.  Ilnrnii.l  I nl.l. '!'<:!. 
Ii^;hl-li..n-.-  .111.  .'.<i 

ihara.l.  r  ..f  li>;lil   •'i'vl 
uiT  ami  liiiiil  ..f  \  isil.i!i(y,  Sh-I, 
KiM.^raplii.'ftl  p..-i(iun.  ■'»'<(. 
tna:;nt'(i.'  vaiiulii.n.  r.M. 

ln-aiiii(. 1  .lislun.-.'  (..  l'..inl  (ir.'y,  rwi. 

N..rlli  -an. I  llmi.l,  W4. 
A.  liv.'  l'as.<  liKlil-li..n»i-,'iSl. 
I'l.rli.T  l'a»-.  r»sl. 
(ial.ri.ilrt  IJ.-i'f.  ^,^l. 
Dnlnmi'u  l«Irtml  li>;IUllon»c,  581. 
I',..i.l    \yi.s,  .;ii'. 
I',. 11. 1,  I'.a.i.l.l.ili,  ■.JI.'iJ.l. 
I'.niil.  Hall.  >     I  i~.  I  i'.i. 
r..inl  llallasl.  17,  I-.  I'.', 'J'!. 22,  2:1,21,  27. 

.lew  rili.-.l.  17. 
I'l.inl  llall.'iia-.  1'.12,  I'll. '2n'>, 211. 
I'liinI  liaii.la    r...l.>'<  Saul  .-  Hay  .  12 
l'..lii(.  IImskIi.i'.2...'.2V.'.1I 
l>..inl.  llalliTV.  117.  :!r.,.V'7, '■.'!-. .1".'. II. i'.12.i;l  I, RIS, 

Polnl  ll.ah.  i.r>. 

iLMi'ir.;  lui.l  .llslan.'i'fi-on.  Holpliin  l'..iiil ,  niD. 
Kr.l.ni-.in  l'..lnl,.n.'i. 
(I.-plli  .1  water  ar.'in..i.  •'I'". 
i,„k  ..II   '.f. 
I'lniil,  li.■;^^.  I.  -"".,    -'•7. 
I'uinl.  ll.'ll  -.  2'.12 
lV.ln(  li.iiii.ll.'.il.'..l.'.t.,'>7. 
IV.int,  llir.li.'.7.'i  .'.77,..7i, 

l',.inl.l!ia.-k,IVI.172,  177.1MM    '.  1-2.  I-...  2;;l.  2|.'..  21S. 
l'..inl,lllii.'Ul...k.:;''7. 
Poiiil   HI. lit    1-1.  l'.Hi.2l... 
l..,.iil  I'.I. nil.  Kl  21'... 

,.,,„„  Ii, la.  17.1   171.  172,  17:1,  171,  K-..  I'",  I'M.  1'.12,  2()r.. '207,  211,2U, 

:i  1. .';.-.  21-.  21'...  22".  227,  -'.12,  2Vi,  ■:[•*.  :is.-.. 
•.iln.itli.n.  17,1. 
appi'illllln'e.  171 
n...laiiK''i'.l''.  17:1 

li^|„.| M.  l.-i.  I..'.>.  K  I.  177.  17-   1-2.  K-..  ISIi.  I'.ll.  19,1,  ':0(),2O2, 

2n'v.2i».,  2117.  21.1.  211.  212.2   l,2ir..  2l'.i.!'22n,  221. 
,h.«lilail    171 

ar.'  ..f  vwil.ilily.  171. 

m«..ni  iplin'iil  pnwidini.  171. 

niimlnli.   va.lall.in,  171 

iKarniK  ami  .l.-laiu'.' 1..    I'.ixl.niy   K.'i'f  liiniy,  IT4. 

I'.. ml  U.-yi'-hKliI,  171. 

N.... inlay  U.Kk.171. 

S.  K.  Inialli.n  li«lil.l7l. 

I'.iinl  "an  r.'.lrn,  171. 

I'.nnl    M.mlara   fi.i;  ivliinllo. 
171, 

mimlry  l.m.yn.  171 

l'..nil  llialil.i.  171 

Al.'alra/  Nlaml  liKlit,  171 

[••..il  l'..iiil  Ut;\n.  171. 

Hi'ul  rockH,  171. 


i  I 


I 

ti  «i 


69(; 


INDKX. 


•J-   * 


«.  •;  .1     ! 


ii"Ml 


roiiil  lliinoln    ('oiitlniietl. 
f(i|;  Hijfiinl.  171. 

lifFHTlU'ti.   IT.*». 

f"K  K'l"   '""'■ 

ih*«  otitiiKu'tl,  17^. 
l',.int  lU.iMllu.  ;vMl.■>l^.M•*,^:w 
I'l.mi  li..l~i.  III.  l.•v^.  l.vv 
I'.. ml  Ilr;i.i.iii7.«ll.lin. 
Pouil.  llrNtHt  iVJfi. 

I'olnl  llr...  kiv.iy.S.iiilB  I!  ".i  l"l«inl.  ».).  90, 91. 
Point  Itniwii  CiMDMioili-i'ilM'tlt  llilv,r>ltV 

Kriii'rii)  .If^rript'oii   t'l("' 

ili'.l>  w.itir  ott  r.ii) 

bmnim  liiid  tlipUiiuo  to  I^.tinl  Uubin'*oii.f.ir. 

|)al...  I'Mllil.nlT. 

iv.iii  l>i-ll»m'v.117. 
Tii.-..mn  (.17. 

IlKhl  .•.!7 
I'.niit  Hr.iwii.limy  •  II  irU.r   («1    !••;   iNi.  1  »"i,  (si.  ^. 

.lr«iril>.-.l   l»J 
I'.iiiil    l!ruhi-l'».  M:.  .".!'< 
I'..ml  Mil.  li.Mi.  lift.  I   .1.  ir>.  117,  i^i.  I.W 

»lai>j;flN»'t.«  i.K'k  in'iir.  M.V 

H)i|M-:triili<  V  liiHM  iitV-'ihiirr.  11 1. 

Kt'iiKrttphu-.il  p<>.>ilii>ii    IM 

lllA,;ni-11l'  VArliltluli    1  <  I 

)>riinii):  ami  illKlari.  I'  li>  '^H'!'i'>'  IVkk.  111. 

ilorp  *i'i\  Huiin'Iim:'*  "'1^. '  1 1.  II''. 
Iiili.t    It.iU  ■>  llra.|..'l.'.  .'II 
P..1.1I,  r.ii-h.\r7  V.«l.  v.. 

PuMit  'ni.rlli..  ::.•  .'^i.>--  .'M.. ::<7, i<i..Mi.."C.2M, i'A-.C.2*. :«». 

Iirarin;:  :«i.'l  titttaiii'i- fruitt  Point    Vri'tiA,  ^S.'>. 

il,-»,  nU.I   .'V. 

%  iUft>ti>  tirrir.  Jvl 

deptli  of  water  otT. '.i-tf^ 

gtHt^rM|thu-ai  po-ilion,  '.S'l. 

muit"'?tio  \iirmll"ii  .'Vi 

triMi'l  off.'-iitl  hiH*  truni.  i-i.^ 
Point.'  allKinoiKli  Vni 
Point  I'limi-lirU,   l**.*. 
Po    ,t  C.r  l.vcli..i!.'JI,'.»".,'J7,<«. 
Pc.inl  I  iinufi    lis. 

.)iin;iT»olT.  1  Vt 
Pi  nt  <  "irr  ^l^ 

Point  t'.irriiiKton. '^iit. In  Kov\  I^iHhtl.  <'  >>  *J1.  M. 
Point  inr(-r  V.7 
Point, <'ii«i«r. •><.%.  iHg 

Point  i',*»llll»,  "^Mit.*  ttirt»«r:i  t'tniiinel.  .'i'.t,  fij. 
Point.'    «t!iliiin.-t.  f'l    IV.  !••! 
Polhl'iitlUv  V>l. 
Point '  iimllo.  ir.'.  l»l.  K",.  Jlf,.  KS. 

,1...,  ril«-.l.  I7'J 

h*>niln>:  Hii'l  •tmUiUitv  ffoin  l.linr  Point,  IT'.). 

Iitiiihl.  Ii*! 

nirftit'  ofT.  I*'. 
Point  I  iivirn.  H«iitii  '  rnt  l-lnnil.  'i.'.  v;,  17. 
p. .till  '  i»\*Tt.  Sint*  '  rit/  NlAii'l    HI 
Point  I  li  >i"ii'l    -vtiitit  itoH.i  Ulniiil.  fl, 'jn,'Jl.9J. 

,l,.-.ril»'.l    ',"" 
Point.  "  li.iry.'.TI 
I'oiiit.  I  li.tko  .ml.Sfii. 

P t  li.lno.k    4V.I.  va 

I'oiiit,  t  lulliiin.  Sll.  Ml.  .VIS. 

Point.  flitT    |i-<i 

Point.  <t.»l.  I7S. 

Point '  oiit  oil  HtinlA  Ilurlinrn  f'tninni-l.  W,  f^l. 

(l.-iK  rii'.-.!  fa 
Pol'. t '<••  I'll'  "vinta  '  r'l/  l«l'ini|    ■*.  »7 

Poml  I  •on.-.'|K-""i     tt.   I'.'.  ■>  1,  M  v.,  .Vi.  S7  I'-.  6.1.  I.l.  li'>  li",  «■'.'  7U,  -.I.  I'm. 
1">.  II.-.  ni  in.    11",  17". 

il,-~  rii«<l.  '.'•  'f<. 

dai'KfiM  "IT.  '/.. 

itotin.lini;*)  uroiiii'l,  '/i 

r<Tf  ..ir  </. 

iM.ttoiii  lonr  aloirr    W. 

ilrt'p  •»•«  Koiiii.llitK" '>ir.  '"'''. 

IikIii  l.oiix-  ili-i>.  ril»<l.  'A  ir7. 

fi»K.H  lilBtIr   r.7. 

rlt't.fttli- i'.in'lltloii«  iiir.  '.7 

'llrKt'on  fr..ln  PolMl  It.  ii'.rll,  01 
Point  I  ,,iiL-,.|»ioii  IIkIiI  houM-  \i.i,2.0a,fA,*3,U,Vi,VI. 

.l.-~tilH..I.  '■/,  r.7 

rs'liiiKor  vlml'llity,  r.7. 


Point  I'onc'Pi'tii'n  lli:tit-liou«.  -Oonltnucd. 

ti('ouril|.iil.-iil  |».i4ltloii.  r.7. 

lliiit;nt'tK'  vuriHlloli,  t.7. 

f..i;  «lii«ll...  'i7. 

iM'iinin:"  nn-i  .li..t(iiif«'"  from.  f»7. 
Point  '  oiivi-p^ioii.  I'l.iiit  lliifit'iiic.  .'tj. 
P.'int  '  ....pi  r.  I'liyft  Soiin.l.  r.Ji;,  (V.'','. 
Point.  fi»oiMT*.f.i'i, 
p.. int.  l'.H|illll|..   I"'.".  I'.*'.  117. 
Point  I  oyoti-.  >iinlii  U."<.i  Inlali.l.  r. '.'JI.'K. 
I'oint  I'riHik.  '.M.  •.>■'•.  'k'.,  '.'V 
IVInt.  I'rook'ii.  ;!<■/..  11.7. 
Point  (  yi'r..<«.  Ifl.  i  IJ.  If).  I  It'..  I  W.  11". 

K''ourH|)hirit1  |H)«ltioli    I'i". 

iwiirii.tf  ttii.l  iliHtuntv  to  I'oint  .Siir.  I."W. 

P.'il-l  I'ino^.  IIH 

I'oliit  .\oo  MnV'i  foiculnnal.  I.K 
Poml.  l>Hl>'<..  '.17.  I'M. 
I'oint  linitrt. -t'J. 
PoinI  IM-nAm''  .  foinniriucliieiit  Hay,  ''.ll'.,  '.!",  IJi'l. 

.I<'|.lli  ..f  u:(t<  I  i.ir.  lllJ 

It  il^;o  ..It!  fl.»in.  61'.'. 

.'■tn-nu  '.Jl, 
Point  iiilitH.lti  .".ID,  -•»»  H)i.  mi.  nn.  .uri,  :!'i",  jn.  .iin.  ,iib,  .iji, 

i|.mrilM-.l.    ill. 

l.('ikri"K  .itt.l  tli^tiiilt-cfroin  Point  .\roiiii  l;i;1it'lioiim\  .till. 
Point  tforda,  .mi. 

Uii'lf»il>..  mi, 

Innilmnrk".  'till 

'liinit'T^.iir.  »il, 

I'AUtlon  l«i  yrnaeln  coining  from  11h»  n.irthw»'"t\viiir.'    i"t 

..«oiiilioa»twur<l,  JUJ. 

wafcj.lt  ...M.I  111. "i^  IhcillIT,  .lirj. 

"Wl-ll     tfJ. 

K»'..K'i"rl'i"*'  p.»"ition.  ^tirj. 

iitiiKii.  t"  Mtrtiition.  .fC 

ttli<.rr-lini-  from  Piitit.t  lo.rili%  t<i.  ^>l. 
Point    IViikkW.  iViI. 

Pnli.l  li4>^  itiiH...  K'*''lcrttttIiloul  txMiiti.i'i    IJ. 
Point  in.il.l..  171    171. 171.  IV".  im  l"<i,lSN,'Jir..  217,218. 2*1, M7. 

.Ii-.rtl..-.l,  17", 

viirri  nm   17" 

brariilK  aii'l  •lixUklirv  in  P..li.t  ll.tiii'lH  liKlit,  I7K. 
M.«l  It'H'k.  17S. 
I'..rl  I'l.iiit  liillit.  17", 
I.lmt'  l'..itit  foiC'tvltlatl.',  171. 
,Mi'till»/  l>l.iii.|  liKlit,  17", 
I'l.-Hl.llo  •"lt...ll  l.il.iy   17K, 
rl.'i'ltt.   Imlit  ."I  r<'li-i;ra|'ll  Hill.  17". 
Point  I Mnl'lo.  Sunlit  triir  Nl.in.l  "1  "7. 
Piili.l  lltiil.I.i  .11"  lo.nii;.  ,  "^ititlii  rrtiz  Isl.iliil  "7. 
Point  lllHiM'y  I'uii'il  'l»*  lliiro.M". 
i'oint.  ILilll'inyr  n.'iJ'.fi'^. 
Point. l>ol|. lint. i.n, '.11. IIS. 
P..iiil   lionl.l.-   1'.'  I'.<.l.  .•>«  VJft, 
Point  l^.uKlily.Oriuii  IkIuii'I.  ViH, 
Point  iniiiuv  ."'  t-\  Ki  47,  lll,4'J.V.,»3. 

.U-iurilK'l  I'I 

»;.M>^;riiplii.iil  (Miiiition,  I'.* 

Li'iirioi:.  tiii'l  .li-l»ii"'"fr..in.i'J. 

iiiitKi"-ti.'  yarirttioit,  I'' 

il.iiin'lii'K"  oIT. ''". 
p..iitt  Imil'iiry,  I'jn.  I'Jl.  I'j2,  31B. 
P.. ml,  l>yk■•,n•.^', 
Point   l.ii»t  n«i  '"'1 
P,.lnl,  l.ii.t  r<«iita  Uo»il  Ulaii'l.'tO.'Jtl'Jl.M  KM. 

.liini;'  r.'il 
I'oitil    l..liiiiiii'l."(l 

P I  1  .iilli,:'li  Jll..:i'' 

Point  l.il.r   l'..ln"il.l.l  ItiyiT   IVl.  I"l   f.'.;   Wl 

l«-arliit(  tii'.l 'l'"!"!!.^  froi  i  fort  si,.>cnN,  lli 
.\"tori»  Mil 

iinnit.*"  lor  i"> 

p t  i:iiiot.v,''j.'Vii. 

Point  1  l.l.irr.t  111'  iM   I^J,  l-Vt 
I'oint  l.i.t.-r.H..  ll^  H'.'  I'Ji  rr>.  l:" 

iHKrliiK  iiii'l  .ll-ti>niv  from  Point  Rmlion,  I.'" 

to  Point    \ru'l.-ll..,  1-11, 
l«t  Pipilnui  lllilli'-iin  ilKlit  Ih'II"*'.  1311. 
ll.-lKliI    l-ll 

Kpl'tuliiii'"'  from  w.  "twunl.  120. 
(..iiilliiaHt  I'.''! 
north Wfitt   IJI. 


■    f| 


li^"' 


INDEX. 


G97 


il'iilnl  ConliUui.  VJ.ftJ. 
,  WJ. 


fli't-p  xviilt-r  cliwc  umlcT,  120. 

roiiii,  KviiiiH.f.r.i 

I'wiiil  l-nlHi-,  lfl.2H.1l. 

I'.iinI  !■'.  rnii-:.'.".l.  :».  :ll,:!lV:17, IS,  W,  10.  l:i.  II,  r>. 

I'dIiiI  l-Vrmin  liclulioiiw.  l'.i,:is,:i'.i.  in,  l.'i.  Vi.',T,,77,S'2,  S,1. 

ilf^.-rilicil,  IJ,  4,!, 

rii'liiiH  tif  \  t^ihility,  i:i. 

iK*iiniin.«  (iM>I  <ii-*tiiiuM-*  from,  tj, 
t    Ui^nrtJt'  Mlriutitin,  tl. 
Point,  I'lrry,  ■is<i, 
I'liliit  Kilijii' 
I'olnl.  iMvc  MIU 
riMiil.  Ilnl    1  IT, 
Toliil,  l%iilii'«.  lUil.ft'J. 

J'dIoI,  rcirl,  liW,  171.  I7'>,  I7rt.  ITS,  l*i,  Isl.  Kl,  [yC,,  If,!,  '.iOT,  '.'i:),  211,2ri, 
?lf,,  ■:\'7.  -I't.  ■J.'o.  -".'I,  ^^7.  '."JS. 
Ki»rl  Kn'«,  252. 
K.iwil,  ■I'.w. 
I'olnl  Krinii-<<»,  KiiKiirlo  Sir.ilt,  .Vii,  ri7I 
nmrkcil  h.v  ;v  Itiloy,  571. 
Iniliaii  natni*  Cor.  *>  2. 
Point  Km/or  ...  Sunlu  <riii  iMlaml,  HI,  s.'i,  HH. 
I'liinl.  liiirry,  '.■<l. 
I'liinl,  Oilwun,  1.22 
I'liinl, <iilli".iiic'n,  244. 
I'.iliit,  (tluvor.  Oil. 

Pnint  liiili'tit.  Snnlii  lliirlKim  ('liHiuicl.  52,54.62.03. 
roinl.  (ioiiiM..  l.-i,  I7'< 
I'liinl  ti..rili%  2'«l.  2'il,2',»i  2'.i-i.:lMI, 
I'oinl  <Jiinl;»,  Sunli*  lliirlnvr;l  t'hiliuicl.  •^;i. 

il.-,<rili.il.5s. 
I'.ilnl  O.ir.l  I  •.iiliMmriiir  viilli'y ,  iln. 
jimtTiil  ilfHiTi|itiitn,  ;Mt), 
lillilnili'iiflK'Hil. '110. 

lM'»rink'"ii'l  iliiliiniu  fnioi  I'oinl  I  innhi,  110. 
I'ltinl.  liorilon  f.2l. 

I'ltint,  (iiivrrntin'Ml.  Stiiitrt  Itiirlnr.i  ''Imnncl.lVi. 
I'liint,  •  iriiy'H.  Hi-l 
I'liint,  '  in'iMi,'!?"'. 

I'olnl  lin-ovilliv  !7'i.  I^l,  IS7.  IHS,  |.t',),  l'Jt.512. 
ill-*  I1I.I-.1.  IS'i 
rookmilT,  l-'l. 

aiMM't^rnnri'  til  ii  iliHlauro,  4'^'J. 
.i.VI'.  l'.io. 

ilcptli  "f  wntiT  ni'iir,  t'.io, 
lliwovfn'il.  r.H. 
niiniiH  f"»r,  I'.M. 

-hurt' lini' til  >iolni»iilt  ItlyiT,  I'JI. 
I'olliHirfnvilli'l'iiv.',  I'.«i. 

itni'lKiniKi'  in  K"""l  wiiiillinr.  4'.iO, 
mitt'.  I'.lo. 

ilelitll  of  wtllrr,  4'fl. 
rnikH  in-ur  Mluirr,   t'to, 
I'liinl  liri'y.  '>7*.l,  WJ.  .'iHI 
roint  (ioiiarruM  tlliillitMl  I'liint  .  27. 
I'liint  lli>nn  .11,  llnii'l™  l  Hnal,iMl, 

liiMriin;nnil  ili«l,inii'  t.i  I'lllii  I'l.lrit.lVll, 
Point  ll!lii«..II    tinivs  lliirlml,  IHO.  Wl.  I*!,  4S5,  «•*<). 
<l<<i.<rilH>il,  INI 
KiHiKrilliliiffil  piiHitiim,  lij. 
nnt^ni'tii'  vuriwtiiili.  \<i. 
I'liinl  lliirrlM,  H.t,  'Jl.  '<>,  'J«, 

|niHtttiil).  '.'1, 

Piiiiit,  lliiwKK.  I7i"i,  177, 

1- Illl/I'l,  l-ll. 

Piiint  Ml  y.T,  r,l5. 

P.iiiit  H.inir«huo.  -fi2.  2'Vl 

point  IIikIi  Tillil'V  ^Hn  t"l nti»  Nliltlil,  7'l. 

i'oint  IIuiImiiii.  I'iirt 'rnwnHi'lnl.,V.IO 

■li'lilli  iif  «iit<r  iill  V"i, 

ciirri'iilK,  v,iii. 

•.Iiiiiil.  5'.io. 

Il«lil,v.'t. 

Utnrinit  noil  ilislnnii'  rniiii  I'nlnt  WIUoii  ll|;l'l  lioiiw,  ^91 

liiiny  to  nifkrkfilnial.  VM. 

ntlorivhni- til  I'linit  \\'ilMiiii,5'.il, 

m'lHirtliiiitflll  [MiKItiiiil,  V,i2 

niiitfttetlc  vitrlittlon,  5'/i, 

lldw,  WX 


..'i^fi^*:,  lie,  112.  11.5, 


77,  H2,  IVI,  m,  8». 


Piiint  llotnliiilill.'Ui 

Point  llni-Mi-iiir,  17,  '* 

lli-ncrilirll,  'il 

n'ft'rcMn-c  to  laniliii;;  tinil  wliiirf,  51 
rpffU'iici   lo  iniiiirin;;  liimys.  51. 
ri'ft'rencr  lonirn'nt.H. 51 
liKlil-tion-c  ilt!,*('rilM'il,  52, 
tlil.'H,.-i.'. 

rrtVriMn-i'  to  urIi'Hiiiti  wi'Il.  52. 
liulil-lionsc   1.1,  l.'i,  I'.i,  .'lO,  ,52. -'ili. 'kS,  07 
ilrsi-rihi'il.  'i2 
ruilnisiif  vi^iiiilily,.'i2, 
Kt'ni^ntliliiiMl  liii!4iliiin.-52, 
intiKnitii-  Miniitjiin,  52. 
iM'urinK?*  oo'l  ili**tiin''i'M  frion,  .53. 
I'oint.  Hunter' .1.  172 
roinl,  I.  I'liiTK,  'il'il, 
I'liint    KrrHoii,  2''.7,  2i'i.'*. 
I'l.Mil.  Met,  :).M,.!.'i.l. 
I'liinl,  .IciiI'm.  i.'2fi 
Point,  ili'lliTHoii.  I'lO;).  I'llH,  lilO. 
Polnl,  ,liiii  Crow.  4>'i2,  lU,  4lrl. 
Point,  .loluwon'-H,  tV25. 
I'oMll,  Killll,  ,v.il. 
Ponit,  Kinilirli..'    I!7,  4;t9. 
PiiHit,  Kn.ix,  1-1, 
I'l.int,  KoitlMli..'>2I,522. 
P  lint,  Kiilo  Kiilii,  5'1'J, 
I'oinl.  Kwoinui-,  ''75,  577. 
I'liiot.  Kyililku,  52:l. 
Point  I.iii;iiim,'iO  5I,.52,'<5. 
Point  I,«tfnnu.  it'i,  ■•>:>.  2',M,'2'>2. 
Point  of  l.iirKi-  l'ilililiHilliilln«t  Point),  IT. 
Point  1.1.1  I'iljii,  Santu  Itiirtitira  t'liuiini'l,  ilcscribed.  58. 
Kio^niiihlral  piisitiiin,5H, 
iM'ariiiK  itnil  ilistann'-  fi'iini,5'<. 
Point  LaiiK-n,  ■2',i,  :r>,  ,'lii,  ;i7,  'l'<,  it. 
I'oint  l.awreni'i',  -^n'-ii,  ■5(i7. 

Point,  I.iMulliftli-r,  liW.  Ii'.'.i,  172,  171,  171,  175,  177,  H'. 
Point,    l,inic,  171,  172,  17\  21 1,  2|-i,  2l'i,  217.  21-.  22o.  225,227. 
Point.  I.iltlii  ,lai'kii-M.2',i.S. 
Point  l,oli.i-,ir.H.  r.o.  171.  172   I75   2»'.,  '207,'20',i,  2I7,2H.  21-i,2.1l, 

Hiiiithirn  liiMil  of  thi-i-ntni to  San  l"r;ini  i-io  Hay,  172 

lii'iirin;;  :iii'l  ilislanii'  fr.ini  Point  lloia-llk,  172. 
ili'Hrrililion,  172. 
lifi'-iiviiiK  Bt:ilion.  172. 
foi;  Irninpfl  .lisriinlinncil.  172 
oiiliTteii'k'r"|ill  -lalion.  172 

lii'ttrinu  unJ  .lialaiui'  to  Mo, , lam  Point  fok'-wnistle.  171. 
I'.iiir.  San  Pfilni,  17!, 
,s    i;,  I'aralioii  HkIiI,  171. 
wliisllini,'  I'liov  iinl-nli'  till-  liar, 
m-iiU'  tlic  liar, 
niiil-ilianni'l  liuoy,  17:t. 
I'.iiui  Hoiii-talinlit.  17:1. 
Mill'  lioiki,  I7;i, 
I. inn'  I'oinl  fon-xyliislli'.  171. 
Is.  20.  22.21, 21'.,  27.2-  2'.i.  I'l, '"W. 


■227. 


,173. 

173. 


oinl  l,om;\.  11,12   nil,!' 
ilrmrllil'il.   111 
liuhl  li.in-i'.  I  1,11,  111.  1 
ili.HiTihi'.l,  I'.'. '20 

railiiisof  V  i-iliilliy.  l'.'. 
k-eiiwtr.ipliii'al  posili-in 


t'l. 
l',>.'2n,21, '22,21,21, ^'.l,;!!,  «,  15,71, 74, SO. 


I '.I. 


nm.;tii-li''  \!irialioM  al.  HV 
la'arinu**  ami  ili-lanrf  from.  P.*. 
Iilililin  liy  fou.,  l',i. 

Point  l.iipi-/,  110,1  12. 

Poilil  Lot  Pltin,  Simla  ll,irliara  ( 'lialilltil.  53, 

Point.  1  iiw,525 

I'oinl   l,i>\yi-ll.i'ainaiio  l-laii.l,il'io. 
ili'fli/valiT  lilt,  1.00. 

Ponil,  1,111111111  51'.-. 

Piniit.I.vliMV2:l. 

I'oint,  Mai;a/.iin'.  '-H, 

p.. In!  •vial  I'a-o.  lol. 

I'oinl  MiihiKii,  I-. 

P. 


\l  ,, 

*1 


V)7.  5'.«i,  .5',e,  5o:i,  59«  .597.  632. 


Marriivv-lo 
\li':olow,  '■"•'t 

Mi'ilano-,  I'.iNi'  Hay.  lU'HiTila'il,  2S. 
Mi'^ani  -    I'olnl  Mrilanos'.  21. 
Mrvi.an.  12,  l:i    II. 
k.,ok'ra|.liiial  po-ilion.  i:l, 
Poliili.Mi'lilli'.  ■'«''^' ■■'■'■ 


P.'inl 
Point 
Point 
Point 


'  i 


' 


!< 


>.  :     > 


i 


698 


INDKX. 


i'i 


■ill 


v4 


■? 


rUmA '  . ' 


U; 


l>oliii.  >fiil.llr  San  Clrini'iili'  Mniiil.  '2.  >CI,  IM. 

ilemTitH'tl,  73. 
I'oliil,  Mi.l.lU-  .\». 
r.iilil.  Mi.lwny,  :!n, 
INilnl  MIk-Ny.  I.llilillll  InUllil,  Vi9,  TiTI. 
I'lhiI  Millor.  iHM, 
roini  MininiDiiU-.  n7.  l.'«s 

livartiiK  mill  ilistuiic^' fiiini  I'lt^tNiii   !*iiinl.r»7. 

I'itUr  ri>ii)l,  \^'. 
.li'l'Hi  of  nntor  nlV.  1.^7 
rliariu-t»'r  t«f  tm1l»  in,  r>7. 
roliit  MiHcrv.  MtuM!'-*  I'lUml  'Vtl,  »Vl'i. 

t;('«i)(ra|)lll>'Hl  p<i>ili>iil,  G31. 
Point  M..I  il.'.ir.'.MS 
I'oinI  Miinrm.mil 
.ilniiil  ,.rt    mH 
liiHrkvl  I  V  II  1. 11. ly. (ill 

liriiriiiii  uinl  ili»tHiiiv  111  I'.Miil  .lrllVr''iiii.ivi|. 

Wi-t  I'Mint  linlil-lii)ii»o.i>i'l. 
Ii>:lit.i'i| 
I'oiiil  M.iiitrtr.i.  IV..  I."i7.  l^H.  irm.  liv.i,  17!.  r.i7.  Jm.  .II'i.^lo,  r.!!.  IMV 
I'lil  't  M..iil«ni  foK  «lil»lle.l.W,  171. 
Ton  t.  MiMMly.r.JA 
Poll  I  Miim'n,:r..M. •'..'. M.%7. 

lriiriiik.1  titnl  iliftlHiiit'H  froiti,  VJ, 
m  tiniliii^H  iitT.  '«) 
riiini    liiwull    ilii 
.■■niiil.  N    illCl-. 
I'niil  S'pv.  <iriiy«  IliirlNir    Kl. 
Point  Niw  War  \\  Imrf.  IVJ. 
tio|ilt»  of  v.-Htt-r.  I.'ii 
liUHirliiK  ''11  »>'•*■  l^-- 
known  ii-*  \N  ..i:-;»  ^;  •  •    uiilini;,  I '>J. 
Poliil  N.I  I'liiw.  >'l. 

.li^tiiii.'i.  fniiii  I'uiiil  1>i')^A<lit.   till), 
P.. lilt  N..  l'iiint.'.-i.i,5'Jl..V'..,.Vj'!,("iU3. 
■itinitl.in,  VXi. 
Jc*  rllH'.l,  VJf. 
llKlll-Ii.iUx-.  V.«i   .M  v.«s,  v.«;,  .vc. 

oh.imil.  r  Kinl  limit  of  \  nihility  uf  IikIiI  ri'j7. 
lti*«iurHtili'«ilI  IM 1-1 1  mil.  '»'.'7. 
liiM^iif  111-  v;irti»li.in.  Vi7. 

beiiriiii;   nil. I   lll^lalu^■   In  rmilwiMitln'r  llliifr.  V.i7. 
i'liliit   \|arri.HHl..n.  .  'i  i7. 
.\rliiiiriilt\  lloiiil  li»{lit  lloilllc,.'i'J7 
lii.ulil.-  Itlull    VC. 
riHvM'otiiiii  point.  .V./7. 
.VlHili  Con'  Puliit.  ^'.C. 
hnlliiii  iniiiii'  for,  V.I7. 
f.,«.lK-ll.  V'7. 
Point,  Nmliile,  V.ll.  Mi. 
p.iliit   Ni.rlli   ITI.  I-I    .'K. 
point    Noilli  II.  nil     :" 

Point  N.irtliwt'ikl    Sjtn  1   IfiiH-iitr  InUnll.7l- 
Pollll.  N.ik.il..»H|.  "Vll 
P.>iiil.<H">erv.itory,  ri.v.  5.*7. 
I'oint  ttU'lr.'VIl 

Poliil  1  ir.  litirii.  ItirliH  PikM^at;!'  f'l- 
Point  "Itirr   MJ 
Point  Dwell,  M.l  M'l. 

Point  l'»rlriilKi..l<iil.llK>    UUli.l  \H, 'i^  M'l,  ■.^■^..'>■^•J,  V.I11,  .VJl,  f<i|. 
il.i«.  riU-.I.M7 
lit*). Ill  of  MikttT  ull,  "yi^. 
n-rf.  M\ 
ciirnMiu  VJi" 

KFoKr  ipliii  lit  |>ir*ltloll.  VL.«. 
buoy  oir  MX 

ln«lril.  I  loll"  f.iT  piiM*tiiK  '» t«i. 

Iiednnic  itii'i  ili^litiuf  to  '-niilli  »  Inlmiil  ll|{ht-tioiinr  Vt^. 
Point  W'llMin  litflit-lioii"*-,  VW 
.\iliiiir»lty  HfHil  lit;lit-tioui)f  VY^i 

IIMIKilMt. 

Point    Piitrnk"    37 

Poilil  Pi-.tt:rilHli-".  iH'urint;  an.!  <li-tikiii-i'  from  Point  Ar|{ilL'llo,  Ui3, 

iilirH'itruil.t'  from  i  hi'^h.Iii  ll.nnla.  lot. 

ron«|iliuoii"  |...int'*.  Int. 

.Ii'«'|.  m-uLt   Ml 

II. >  lil.l.lcn  .|ttni:i-r.i.  In.! 
I'oli.t  Pr.lrn.'t".  "',  *.'.  II   '.*•» 
Point  Pi>lit«n   (loli-lA  P.iiiit  .M.fk't. 
l-olTit.P»lly  N«l 
p.. 11. 1  I'l'iiinaiiln   Wi.  1^1. 

Pulni  Pciiuir.  i-rj.  :;«u,  211. 


I*uilit  Pi'ii.iU'    t'onliniM'il. 
lllloy.Jf.l. 

Hitinition.  J:^i 

lifiirintt  ililil  iliHtinici'  to  ^l!l^l'  Nlitn.l  liL;llt-lioill«(*,  2.19. 

I'.ii-it  llrolln'r  Ilk-Ill  lniii40,'J.I'J. 
Point  lV.».iiili'rii,  IK,  III,  IVi. 
Point  Prtrr,  t  oho"  Piinwiici'.  I"'!"*. 
Point.  l'riolIVr'«  1  r.'  I  11 

Point  of  P «.  J17 

Point  Pii'.ltitH  lllitn.-A".  I,!!.  lUl.  I  II.  I:W. 

liy.lrourii|iliv.  r.'iV 

ilHll»;rrr«  oir.  I'.'7. 

vvhintlniK  liiloy.  I'J7, 

iiiirlioraicf".  I'J.H, 

iiiiiiKiTu  oir,  rjM. 

nirri'iiia.  !> 
^iit.at  liiir  niirlli.  121. 
Iiiiiil  full,  Ui 
Point.  Pimon.  IM,  IVi  Pn,  JIS,  .'21,  212,:Wh, 
Point  Pilliii,  rx,,  \r>:   lli',1,  .'17 
Point    PilliirV.'l.  •..•(,■.>.. VII. MV 
Point.  Pilliir  llnik.  Il'.l,  !.'>.%.  ISI. 
Point.  Pilot.  V«V 
I'.ilnt  Piiiir.  i.l'i. 
P.iint    Pil.li.r.  (.Ik 

Point  Pin.w    I-'.'.  l.'.->,  I! I.  I  11,  nil.  141.  II.'.  141.  14.%.  170.  203. 
Iii'iijlil    nil. 

pliyHinil  rliarurtiTiHtii-H.  Iln, 
liyilrourii|.Uy .  111. 

liKliI  li.'iiH.'    Ill    IP*.  r«i,  I'i2,  Pil.  IVI,  lf)H. 
Iiriulil.  III. 
iir.   .if  vl.iliility.  I  II 
l£i*oi;rii|ihiri\l  |)o-ition.  Ill 

iH'itriiitf  uii.l  Uist.iiii  I'  I'l  Til. mill  of  Siilinii"  IMvrr.  I  It, 
I'Hiiiro  l.un.linu.  III. 
Siinta  ('I'll/  llulil  liiiiiMi',  111. 
Point    \iio  Vin-vo,  III. 
PiK'oii  I'oinI  IIkIiI'Iioihi-,  111 
■^iillliriiM  i''itral|.>nllKlit-li..iisi  .III. 
wIil»tlii:K  lnii.\  .  )H-ariii^«  from.  III. 
lo|HiKi"a|iliU'.il  '*lii'rl  of.  III. 
iniiuni'tn-  xanalion.  111. 
liiHiMn'tiiini  to  \i»HHi'U,  I  II, 
P. mil   I'l.'iiaalit  IikIiI    >'>'.' 

K4'..hir:i|ilii.  al  lio'^ltioii.  I'lO-'. 
Point  I'ullH'll    |l.iiiiaii''>  ll.iy    ''<ll. 
loiiil  nitiiii'.  Mill. T  Point,  fiiil. 
I'lilnl.  Pon.y.  I'ly 
Polnl  Porlcro.  172.  I7H. 
Point.  PoUM-fwIon.  V.I7 
Polnl.  Pri'.i.li  lit,  ixl. 
Point  l'ri-«l.|l..   li-o. 
Point  p. illy   I'lIJ  f.n.i.ri. 

U'rtnnK  itnil  ilinlAiii'i'  fioni  Haiti  ly  Poiiit.f'il  I. 

Iliaii'  Point  lil  I. 
ile~  rilH'.l.i.l  I 
ili'|i|li  ol  watiT  oir.  r.ii. 

K<lit(rapllii'ill  |»o-ltloii.  i.l  I. 
Iifttrinu  anj  libilaiii  I' to  Point  U.>l>iii"on,'*in. 
l>..l|iliiii  l'..liit.iin. 
l:.  ■•I..>al'..n  I'oint.fiH. 

ll.llllT.V    I' 1,1.1  I 

Point  Piiri«inia   I'l^'   hH    Im. 

Iii'iinni;  aii.l  <li«laiii-f  from  P.iiiit  .Xr^iiellti,  Inl, 
ili'Nrrl)ill'iii  of.  lot. 
Koiiniliiiif  oM-iliort    Inl 
I'uliil  Pyriiiilil,  nil. 
•olnt  *  tMiuUa(i,  iktS 

• t  IUkk.  .1,  l'.'7. 

'..inl  Ham;''    I7» 

'..ml  Itiiuirt  Hania  Monti  a  Hay   in 
•ill lit  l!i-«tor(ilioii,  Vhi,  Hi'.,  rurr   111 N,  Mil  ill  I.  ill 2,  LI '1 
'..inl  Ki'ViM.,  Ii.l    lli^,  ir*,  I'r.'   I'.il,  I'Xi  2ir2.2l;,2l'>,  JI'.',■.'^^,22I.•2.'^.2■TJ 
217.  211  2 I'l  Jll .  ■Si»\,  27".  272. 
il.'m'nl.i'.l    I'rt 
.llrpfliiin,  I'.rt. 
Iiilk'it,   "'*. 
ri  I  f.  I'Xi 

IlKlit  Immti'.  171   I'll,  l'"',,  2l>i,  Jn|,  .M-i  :','\:i..,i.'»l,a2. 
iIsM  rllx'il   I'x. 

ar.   of  \  iillillltv  of  IIkIiI.  I'M 
Kt'OKrit|.lil.  Jit  )ioillliill,  IVn. 

iiiMifnatk  vHrlHlloh,  IWl, 


iim 


*v, 


INDKX. 


699 


w,2.19. 


Ivcr    111. 

IIH.'.  HI. 

Ill 

lion-f.  Ill 

llj;lil-lli.il.li'.UI. 


r.l, '."fl,  r.M."'.'l-. 


...  OK,  iW. 


Point  Ui-yrN    I'linlirMMMl. 

iM'iiriiiK  iiiul  diHtaiHi'  III  Ittixliiiry  Hi-rf,  III?. 

riiiiit  lliint'tn  liKlit-liDUHC.  r.C. 
SuiUliriisl        I'*firiilliin       lif;lil- 

hf>iiHO.  l'.<7. 
Ni><iiulu>-  Itonk.  r.iT. 
lliiili'Kii  Mi'iiil   I'I7. 
I'nillt  VriMiu  lUhl  linlisi',  I'.IT. 
foK-niiriml.  197. 

ill  ..irllMMl,  197. 
ciirriMit  oir.  197. 

Hlmri'-liui'  111  I'liint  Tomiilctt, 2H. 
rmiil  Ki-yiH  lliml,  li'iC. 
I'liliil  UuliniiiMil.  I',«". 
I'l.iril  Kiniuli/J'> 
I'liliit  Uiiiriiii,  Saiitn  lliirliiini  ( 'I)uiiiH'I..V't. 

ili'Hirilii'il.r.x. 
Toinl  U  iluTU,  (liiirufUiMirifiii,  'i7  1,  .')7^,  ri77.  5M2. 
Ki'our;i|itiU'jkl  iKisltiiih  iir  Hlillioll!!  Oil,  .^77,  &7H. 
n|i|ii')irHi)i'i'  ill  II  iliil.tluH'.  .'177. 
I.ilylll.  '.77 
liuuriii^  imO  lU^LulK-o  lu  Itirrli  rniiit,  fi74. 

I'liiiil  \\  liili'hiirii.  .'>78. 
Allien  Iliiiik.ri71. 
Ai'livi-  l'iiH«i  lijiht  liouHO,  .'i7H. 
I'"plran.- ■  lihllrl  liKlltlnniHi',  r»7S. 
(iaiirinlii   Ui'i'f.  '.TS. 
l'"ras»'r  UivtT  liglit-huiiso,  578. 
Hiirliom^i*.  ^7S. 

Blinrr  1iiii>  til  lllr  nurlhwunl,  r)7'<. 
iIiwiiviTV  iif.  .'i7'.t 
I*oiht  ICiiliiiiHiin   iil.%.  017. 
ili's.rlliril,  I'lLI. 
Hliiiro  Hni-,  I'llR. 
ani'IiiirUKi'.  'il^. 
frmli  waUT,  nl.") 
i1p)i11i  u?  uiilir  iiir  fiiri 

fnK-HiKM  ll.fil".  I'll   I. I'll  I.    I'll^ 

Ki'iiuralilili-til  |ii»iiliiiii.  iiir». 
liwiriiit;  iiu.l  iliilam  r  In  1  '.•Miliiii  Pnint.  BI.V 
hilliiy  I'oiiil,  I'll.'i. 
l-iiml  I'lilly   I'll.*). 
I'liirll  Itrowii,  til.'i. 
I'liliit  I'mrr.  lilTi. 
MkIiI.  V.N.  iVM.l-iir.. 
roiiil  K.ivky.  nil.  lirj.  Iiu,  I'll    I'.rJ.  ■.-.'h.  117.  11 1.  :11'J,  :1S8,  .'il'i,  .'iJfi.riiM. 
I'oHil  lliirky,  Sunt;*  Monu-a  lliiy,  t'i.  17.  »i7. 

lIl'-MTllit'll     III 

I'liliil  liiiiii'll.   I'.IM. 

rmiil,  Sa.lilli',  277. 

I'liliit.  Sail  Kiii'k.  119. 

I'oiiit.  >l.  Oi'orrf.v  111,  Ml,  119.  UJ.  :!I7,  IIS,  .n; I .  .HI I .  liW.  iNl. 

■  liar;i»'l<T  nf  tiii'  ulinrv  from  DruiLVii,  •-  ily  lnjlit  liouic,  3ill. 

ilaiiKiTN  nil',  .'V'll 

|{t*niTal  ili'Hortiitiiin  of.  ilol. 

L'hait.ifl.  :i.'ij. 

Ilk-l>l-liiiii>i>.  .'UiV 

lmiilfall..W, 

riuw»l  iiortli  of.  'fC 
Toiiit  -ial.  Iirt,  li»'..  1117,112. 

iiaiiii'il  liy  Vaiiionvir.  In^ 

iM^arin^;  ami  ili'4liini'i-  tunr  IViilit   VrvJtieito,  lift. 

^tMii-ral  ili-H.Tl|itiiin.  Ini 

anrlioraKi'.  |iii<«itliiii  nl  lir-tt,  IIK'> 

alinri'  liiii'.  liifi 

UniliiiKK.  iK'i.  loi 

lli'l'li  ..-.i^iilMlilinKK  nil,   ll»'i. 

Iiiitliiiri'  iiyilriii;ra|ilty,  lo*i. 

){«iit>ral  Iri'nil  of  tin-  roii.i«t  line,  1116. 
I'niiil  Suhniunliolila  I'lilnl.  (^1. 
roiiil.  Salnioii.  279 
I'oliil  Maliliniy.  IvL'.iVlt. 
rolnl.  Sail,  J.'K.  21.1   21.2 

I'l.inl  s,.in  itni-navi'tiuira.  Santa  llarliara  ( •liaiim'l..')2. '»7.  %.*.^9. 
I'liiiil  San  .Itiaii  1  iiiilHtraii.i,  29.  11,  12  .11  .11    ;••  II 
I'.. ml,  San  ,lii«i-.  ITI, 
I'l.llitSin  l.uH,  107.  |iM.  ,11,11  I.  Ill,  12'i 

liiMkritiK  Aii'l  ilNiani-r  front  I'olut  .Vrtfurllo.  Iii7. 

il..<.  riplioii   1117. 
Polnl  San  Mat 29.  II.  12,  tl. 

t;.'i.i;ralililial  iiiiMilion.  .11, 
I'ooit  San  I'al.l..   217.  23M.  211. 


IN.inI  San  I'al.Io    ( 'i.iillnni-il. 

Iiiliiy  ti.  II ml  nf,  2.i'.. 

ili'litll  i.f  aalir  ni-ar,2W. 

laiarinu  ami  ilislai|.-i'  t.iI-jtHl  IlrntluT  IIkIiI,  23A. 
I'nlnlSan  I'r.l     •.  Ii'ill.  If.l,  |1W.  1119,  172,  171,217,22I,2:17,2.'W,239,241,»12. 
ili-«-nli,.il,  nv.i, 
iii'iij^raiiliiial  iiiiMilinii.  1119. 

lii'iiriiiK  and  ilinlaiirr  to  Point  Mnotara  fni^.whifitle,  Ifi9. 
.SonlliiMSI  Karalli.n  linht.  1119 
wlii-.tliiiK  liiii..\-  nil"  Sun  l-'riiiicisco  liar, 

ir.9, 
I'nillt  lluiii'tii  li|{lit-liouse,  169. 

roasl  to  Point  l.oIiOH, 
I'oiiil  San  I'rilni.  Santa  (rnz  l^lunil,  K4,««. 
I'olnlSan  ({iiinlin.  2:17, '2.1'. 
Point,  San  Siinion,  121,  IS),  12C, 
Pi.inl,  Sanil.  ,18,  Vj,  r.2, 

iIi'sitIIiimI,  .'.m. 
Point,  .SamUli.ni'.  I.M.  |:|i.i. 
Pi.inl,  Samly    Sanla  Kn^a  lalanil.  V.l,  90,  91,  92,  9:1,  99. 

m'n^;ra|iliii'al  irisilii.n.  '..I. 
I'lilnt  Sanily.  17^,  .'..'.,•,  .'17 1.. '.99. 1'JOi'iO'. 

Piiint  SiL.ila  Uarl.ara.  Santa  Itarl.uru  rliunni-1,  fj^,  till, 01, G2. 
Point  .Santa  (riiA.  I  111.  Kil,  l.'ia. 
Point  Sauii'lito  Point. I>:i. 
Point  Saui|in-1.  1  l.'i,  1  Hi,  lis. 
l'..,!'!  SiM.Mlal,  Sanla  I'm/.  MamI,  >'7,««. 
Pnint  .•    uMy'H.:i:;7, 

Point, Si'al  !l,irl...r.  Sun  fk-nuntc  l-.Iunii,  7;i. 
Point.  S.kiiw.  '.21. 
l'..inl,  Slioll,  l:l\  i:i9. 
Point,  SInirlinKlnini,  r>39,.'>tl,.5l.''>. 
Poinl.H.  Slinalwater,  177. 
Point  SiiTia  Ni'Vaila.  12.'>,  l'2tl,  1-io. 

Iiiaiini;  ami  ilislani.f  I'riini  Point  Pii'ilra.t  llluncua,  125. 
»li>   iianii-.l.  I'2.-.. 

rliarai'tiM  of  lira.  Ii  nortlivyanl,  IJ.'). 
il,iiit;rri.ns  ri-i'f,  I2.'», 
h.Mlroiiraiiliy  nf.  I2ii 
Point.  Simmons  ,  21 1,  2li''. 
I'nlnl.SiitiT's,  r..li'.. 
Point,  Skill,  i'<i9. 

Point  sk  link.. San  la  lliisa  hlalnl.  .s9. 
Point.  Slip,  r,2:t, 
Poinl,  Si.iilh'-.  Hill,  I'll. 
Point,  SnaK.  211. 
Point.  Snakilaml,  I'll. 
Poinl.. Soliirams.  117. 
Poinl,  S..liliiT  Praiik'.^. '2*.Mi. 
i'oinl.  Siintli  Santa  liosa  Islanil.  S'.i,  '.HI.  '.II,  'J2. 
Pi.inl  SniiUn-i  n.  San  I  li'mi'iilf  Islanil,  72,  7:1, 
Point  s,,,ii|,«i.illi,  rnl\o«  l'as»aK>'.  lils. 
, I,  pill  nl  wali'i  oil    lil.S, 
am  llniau*".  ''1^- 
riirrrnl.1   lils. 
Poiiil.  SU'Wiirl's,  21.2. 
Pi.inl.  .StillHi-ll,2sl. 
I'nint,  Stony,  ITS, 
Ponil.  smart,  l^i.  Isl. 
Point  l.a  Sinr.  19, 

Point  s„r.  Ml,  I'J'.    1  »',  1  II.  1:12,1:1:1.1:11,1  iS,  111,1.%-), 
ilaiit;i'rs  Moiitli,  1:11- 
f.iiil  Kioiinil,  11:1. 
nlinal  <pol,  I'll 

la'aimn  alio  ilislami'  frnm  Pi'  iln's  Uliuli'as,  l:ll. 
t'lipi-  San  .Martin.  III. 
ippraian.'i.  Iroin  nil' -Imri'.  I  il. 
Iioal  liinilniK.  I  H 
ili'plli  of  MaliT  oil'.  1  II 
hiilili'ii  ilaiik'i'r.  111. 
ti.li's.  I  !.-.. 

wIllstllllK  liiioy.  I  !•'>. 
Ki'otrapllli-.il  l.osltioii,  ll'i. 
m.mnilii'  variation.  11-".. 

I>.'ariiii;iniil'listi>"i'«l"  l'""'>   'rsl"''!!"-  l''''- 
Point  lliii  linn,  \'-'<. 
Pi,-,lra'«  llhiiii  as  liKlit-llolui>,  13S. 
i'api-  Sail  Marlm.  1  »■'.. 
Point  rypri'SH,  |:l.'i. 
Polnl   \no  Nni'vo  foir  lit,'"*'.  '35. 
PiK'i.nn  Point  liKlil-linusL',  l». 

I.iinitmarkii.  l.l.'i. 


■J 

1^ 


I 


I  J 


iim 


\ 


u  . 


mm  I 


ill 


(00 


Puint  Snr     <  nnlimuMl. 

liKtil-lioii**!'  111.    I  i-'< 

cuAft  tt»  I'oitil  iMiKu*.  IW,  |:c. 

I'..ii.t.  raii-v   H-i.  It.I 

I  Nil  111.  Trrniiiiinii»ii.i*t>.  (ill. 


INDKX. 


iinl    r.  rriiif.  t  r» 


I'.. nit  rii.>iii|'->.'n.Onii'«  Nlnml.  Vv-^. 

IN. Hit    riinr  Tre.v  IM.  IfVI. 

I'l.tiil  FitMin.n   IM 

IN.inl  TimlHT.  1  W.  IW 

IN.Mil.Tokivirrs.  IT.-,.  177 

I'tmil.Ti'IfrtU. .'*'?, 

Pun. I  rotiuih-  P.'.'  :•»-*  iV*  -M'.t  2S2.2M. 


PninI   To 


ir,'.  l.%\  I'lJ    l». 


-'»,  \^i 


Point   rrchlr.  \iHU*rH«iti  iHlmitl.  d^'i. 
Piunt  T-kiiNko, »v;> 


i-lrit    r<iitiii-l.-M 


point  Turku 


iK'Anii 


iiitil  ilivlaiu^'  rrorii 


-.Iomfi..n  Poiiil.  '111. 
W.St  I'oiiit  liKht'tiountf.  GI3. 


ilepth  of  whUt  oir.  t'l  I. 
iitulioni^t'.  t'Ai. 
k:i»oKmphi»Hl  |Kt<«ititMi.  '".11. 
Point.  NillaRr.  V.*,  .v.i 

Point  Vnut-ntr.  ;*-,  X^.  -f.'.  1 1   II,  n.  ,'l.  17.  4v  P.».  M.  ^-^  W. 
tl.M,.  rilM.l    r. 
ro.  k-  ol».  »•> 
rrft'rrii*-*'  to  kelp.    I'». 
U'ltriiiKf*  iiii<t  ili«(iint«n  froiii.  i\ 


initKTi4*lii-  vitnution,  15. 
Point,  Wiuil.  Ii,  MJ 
Point.  \V  HlMn   .V'l. 
Poit.t.WtttHjik    'd>\ 
P.Mnl,  \V.  IN   <-ii 

•  li«taii«-<*  from  Ivlmuiiil  Point,  tT*^l 

.|r«.riU.I    Mvl 

>lt|.lii.»r  ««t«r    'VV(. 
Point    \\  »*?*i.  v.'*.  fHif'.. 
point  \Vi»t,  >Hnl)i  i  iilnlintt  Uinnil    77 
I'oint  Wi'M    Santii  t'ru/  Ui»ii<i,  ■*(.  Vi.  ^ 


'.*".  \C 


point  Whili  linni,  (Jiilf  <»f  i  .li.r^iia.  %:i, 'l7^.  ^Tn. 

ili*ttAn<<'  from  >«n<ly  Point,  -'>7I. 

doj*"  nU'<l.  r.TI 

fiinkiM)  riH-kii  oO.  ■')7I. 

t:«  ittjrjii.hK'rti  i»oHitiitn,  'iT-%. 
point.  U  iilmin.  '-7". 
P..tr»t  Willniiii"  MJ  '".It. 

tM-uriii^  mill  <lmtaii>  i-  frotn  U»tt<  ry  Point.  MJ. 

,|rmnU-.t.  1. 1  J. 

<l«l>th  of  w.il»r  otr.  t.l.V 
point.  W  illmtn*  ,  T**'* 

Point.  \Vi:»<in.  ^^•'  'f-j, v.t|,  V'.v  Vit  r.rv.fc*. 
Point   \Vil*.n.  *^truit  of  I  ikm,  \tJ,\U,  Vt6. 


fix 


.Wi 


f>lturc-liiii  ftttiii  I'ort  liimoM  ry 
<li  |>tli  of  wuli  r  oti   \Uk 
ciirnMit".  Vt»t. 

NAlllllif  itim^-IUMIW,  ^Cl- 

liw'lit-lnni'w  Ml.^HM*V.VW.%r-'ilvV.|  VS2.5.M,VJ0,59I..Vj;t.V>l 
,l,.Mr  l--.l.'»tiV 
•  IinrH>i<r  of  liKht  Vtf* 

uTi  unl  Iimil  of  \  i«til.ility,%C 

»:«.t»;nijihnHl  |>onition    '»t7 

M)..k'nitlt   \iiri(ili>.n    'i  ;7 

iM-aruiK  '»n<l  ■ti>l«ii»«  to  li-x  ky  Point  buoy   M7 

Ni  «    I  Mintf'MM  HS   ilKlll'holKM-.  Tt'C 
.Car.   Nl  in<l  ItKlit  ti.Kim  ,  Vf7 
l-.itt|iiitintll  liulit  tiiMim-   VFT 

Vii  toriit  iiuhi  Immi-m.  \rr. 

l»t>».-.(Vfry  (-tmnl  Ittftil-houm'  'iTT. 
Hinilir*  l<«tMiiil  ..k'-!  h    'IM*'.  M7. 
AtlinirHlt\  lli--ii>l  IikUi  lio  im-  \C. 
K  nIiohI  "tnt  initkiiiK  <''V  ''fT, 
f"*t  **K*  •»'    ■**'•" 
oiiilin^  •liroi'tioiifi,  \f7. 
i*oint,  \\  uiK  Mrt.i.iK 
point.  VriMnalt.fld'/ 
Point,  Yew.  tH!. 


I'oint.  Vokniii.  :i»l. 
Polni.  ^  ..niiK  •*.  f'i'Mftl. 
I'oinl.  /nniKil.  \'.1\, 

tlc».  rilMMl.  17. 
Polr  Pii.H-«,  OrciiB  iNliinil.VC 
Piilt.r  (•i^nalft.  linrlHir  of  San  Pritncisci),  517 
l'..liit'II  Point.  fV  I 
p4ini*y  Point.  Ki>om  |l«y.  :ft*i 


Ponia  •)('  la  |,on 


a    P.tint  I 


l*ori  iiiiiinlii  Kivrr  il.oj*  AnK*')**"  Kivcr'.  II. 
Port    Vni;i'IiM    M:i_  rt27 

I  Ml/  ll.iok  li«lil  h..ii«.«  oil.  M7. 

ti.U'H.  ■»_•> 

.li<«.  .>\i-i*<il   ^2•.^ 

rnoiom  hoiiNi>,  S^iM. 

Nhort'-lttM'  from.  "O.*. 
I'ttit  Itlakrly.  V.iH.  (in*.,  cin 

Miiiiiiiion,  'itii 

niioat  KC'-niMl  in,  <'>1(> 


k<  t|>.  '-.to 
Hm-horaKi'.  *tlo. 
wliarvrr.,  C.lii. 

KroK^raiOii.-a)  |Htii||on.  filO 
■lui^nrlit    .anatinn,  (>1(), 


Port  t'ar.tlina.  r>. 

P.irl  fosUi.  I7i. 

Port  1  ii!M>..vory .  M.t.  vrj.  Ml.  vn;.  vr,  ^*.^.  .Vi;i.  (VW, 

■  I  -tMu.i'  from  Prolf.  iion  Uliuitl  vil. 

«!iorf-Hi(r.  .VII. 

.IrMTilM'.l.  "Vtl. 

ilt'pth  of  »at(  r.MI. 

ciiinnifii-)-  and  Iralllr,  \i\ 

tl.lcn.  VCt. 

iliik-ovi<rr<l.  Wt. 

r.Kk  .iir.  Xi.\ 

cnrri'iilj*   %r». 
Port  f  iHinttir.  II-mmIh  Cuimt.  .',05,  r.>,  fi.n).  ft.'!!,  ivrj. 

ttiiiTiil  ilcinriplioti.  (VtJ. 

i|i'l»lli  of  wiitor,  (i.t_'. 

fMiiluiK  •lirct  tioiiN  furintt  rtiiK.  '"f-. 

%\  tn.lN    tkij. 

niM-horMui*.  fhU, 

ntion-hitf   'VCI. 

n.iin.  •«  for,  tVCI. 

roatl-4  tlMMMT,  fv'El. 
Port  <  ianlntT.  'wis.. VW, 60 1. 

nilniili.tn,  Viy. 


ilrptli  uf  w.»t«r  In,  '>W. 


Port  llarfor.l.  II>i.  Ill 

tMHriuK  Aixl  •liHlMiiif  from  WlialiT  liilunil,  I  to. 

Hi/»v  I  In. 
Port  Krn>on,   Zll 

l>orl  l-it  Italluna.  Santa  Monica  Itay.  ih'<UTitK'(t.  17. 
port  I  JiH  r.-nii'.  ■'.'■'<. 
Port  l.n.llow.  ilooil'N  Cmitil.  .r>  <>.'.> 

il('|)tli  .if  walrr.  <..".» 

(lanKi-ri  In  tin-  M|i|.roa.-ti('fi.  CiJ'J. 

Kt'*>u:ra|>tiuiil  (MMition.  fc-d. 

Ihir**.  i..il. 
Port  Mu.li^oii,  >*•*,  liiit.  i4r..(fctt. 

Nl/C,    Iritl. 

r>hon-hnt-,  UK. 

il<>|itli  of  walt-r.  Uil. 

thi.fl.  i«H 

Kt'oural>lili  al  |Mmi(toii    CHlTt. 

inaKni'lli'  vjiriatnoi,  tHIFi. 
port  Ma.liHoii    i.iwtn.  UM. 

poputatiiHi.  uti. 
Port  .M.mmIv.  MiirrurtI  InU-l.  Vm.  %<{. 
P.>rt  itrrhartl  Vf  '>.|,»i<*'i  i.m 

.liAtaniii  from  ltninl>riilK<   lilan.l.OiA 

inxtrmiionii  tor  rnlfrini;.  (Krt 
Port  orf.inl    !V>   ;i»;t,  ti>.:i:.'..n  (,  CI 

laii'lniiirk*  f.ir  a|i|iroitctiint{  ^'t1lNl-lH,  171, 
in«lrii.'tioi)>«  f<.r  a|i|ifou.  Iiihk  \t*ii>*i-In.  .'171. 

Ul.'tnolV    CI 

Ijoo.l  unnnnt  r  roA<liit«'.-t<l    r">. 

npproKt  lm(>lf  in  wlnt4rin  fuvumblv  wealher,  87B, 


INDKX. 


701 


Port  *)rfor<l -t'niitliuii'd. 
ilfplh  of  Wttlcr.  ;l7^t, 
hi'iiil,  :iT.'i 

ili-plli  iif  wiilor,  370. 

KriiKrApliiial  im-iillon.  nTfi. 
MiUKMrlir  variulinli.  ;t70. 

imtiifH  f«.r.  .T77,  j 

liiKllt.  :i77. 

NttilinK  ilir.'(-iioiw.  :1*<1. 
I'orl  I  Irfur.l  I  l.'ii.l .  17 1 .  ;7-..  177,  3s.-,. 

KtMHTuI  «li"«rrji»liiin.  ■t7"i. 
Port  Sail  .?imii.  Viimimvir  I»liiiiil,  r>19.  VW.SIO. 

Hittllltll'll,  'vtii. 

nH'k-*  iii'iir.  .Mft. 

rivi'rat  till'  lii-iiil  iif.  Mil. 

ileptli  iif  vviitcr.Mii. 

•HlliiiK  iliri-i'tioti-4,  '>tl. 

clirrciil.i.  'ill 

C'Oiwl  lint*  rHwtwiiril  from,  •'»ll. 
Port  Hu-am   :>*<,  i.  i 

Port  Towiwi-oil.  'iHS, 'iS'i.  V«l..',iir..  (VU. 

Ki'tirrul  ilriiiTlplioll.  'I'lO. 

Hliori'-lini',  .V.io, 

■HiMiii;  iliri-i-lion»  for  rnliTiui;. ''■"■ 

Imiik  ill  iiiiiri'liuiiiii'l, .'I'.i'.'. 
ilrptli  of  watei  mi.  'I'.i'J 

<  ttiirt  iiui'lit.  .1. 
Port  Towiiwii.l  (villnKf.  ri'."i,  Will. 

HltUltlioil.  .^'.'.1. 

■i/o,  .v.tl. 
Port  WnriUll.  r>il. 
Port,?*iKiiul.  ■-(t7, 

Porl-wiirilriiKof  San  I'rani  i»i'".  iliity  of,  iV4'i 
PortiiKC  lliail,  Point  of  An  Inn,  "ill. 
.(.'..rilicil.  .Ml. 
ilanK'T-*.  Ml. 
Porlula.  <  iil!<|i«r. fll.'il,  ■.•'•. 'n, M  0'*.  1  IS,  JIT 
PortiTo  Point.  I7J.  IIS. 
Ptirllir  I'li.HH.  'iSJ,  r.si.  .'.S.-I 

lUntai from  Ailivi'  I'lW,  r,<,. 

tiflitli  of  watir,  av> 
onrrpiits.  .^s,^. 
Hunki'n  rock",  ■'is.'). 

iK-HrlllK  anil  ilislann'  to  Ai  tivr  Pass  liijlit  llou•o,.^s.^. 
N.irtli  S.oi.l  lii'iiil    ris.'S 
Point  Atliinson  litlit-lioii.sc, 'is.'i. 
lialiriola  It.ifs    •.-■. 
Porllanil.  chart  aKi-nl.  '1 

PortuKni-nn  Hpml,  .San  I'l'ilro  ClianiHl,  amlioriiKi'  m,  I'l. 
Pom*  imrlloraj;*',  ss,  '.I'J 
Pos.si'H-ion  Point.  -VC 
ili'iMTi|itliin.  .'>'.'7. 
ahori- liiii-  V.w. 
ro,  k  oil,  .V.«. 
Po»*.«Hion  SoiMlil.  .'.S7,.V.K-,.-.<.l7,.VJH. 
roiirsi"  lip.  .V.W 
yeni'ral  ili'si'ription.  "I'.IS. 
ilcptii  of  wator.  ^iW 
Hlioir-line.  .Vi*,i. 
m>  known  ilaiiKiTs  in,  Vl*i 
Pot  Valli'y.  "anlat'atallna  Islanil.  7H. 
Prall'iCllIT,  fapB  Kliialnlll,  I'JI. 
Prifa.c.  '." 

Pri'siil.nt  I'olnl.  mil. 
Pri'siilio  Point,  IHll. 

lM-arin((anil  ilislann-  from  I'ort  I'olnt,  1*1. 
wlmrf.  ISO, 
.iirri-iils,  ISO 

Khoir  lini   proli'i'liMl  liy  wlnirvi-s.  Isil 
Prr.i.lloSlioal,  Is-,,  |s7,  .'1 1, 'Jlr.,'JI7  Jls, '.-27.  JJs. 
Nilnalioii,  W, 
la-arlni!  ami  illrcillon  from  Alialra/  MhimI.  ISO 

Arrli  ItoiU,  IV,. 
laioy.  ISIV 

l.furiiiu  ami  ill-lalnc  from  IN.rl  P..iiit  lii:lit-lioii,.i',  Isil 
Anila  Ko.  k.  I-" 
Aliulla/.  l-lamlhKlil-llollBO,  isil. 
Pri'Slon  lslall•l.^■■l. 
pr«iit<iii  Peak.  .W7. 


Prmlon  Prak-l*onllnin*il. 
Ih'IkIiI,  :i'i7 

lH>itr)iiKaml  ilislanri>  from  Point  SI.  fioorKe,  357. 
limit  of  viHiliilil>',  ■■;''7. 
K<'oi;rapliii-al  powilion.  3.'t7. 
iim-  of  tin-  rrrsnmt  City  Pt'iikH,  ,3.57. 
Pri'vosl  Uliinil.  .Vtl. 
Prii'lo  Montr,  117 
Prini'e  Ulaml,  :i.-.s,  ;!Ui.  :ii',l. 

HitilaU'il  at  nnnitli  of  Stnilli's  Klver,  35H. 
hi-lu-lil.  3.-1H. 
size,  "Vis. 

Ki'oKrapliiciil  piiHition,  .'IVJ, 
Prinro  l«l;iiiil,  Ciiylir's  llarlior.  117, ',11,  W. 
;Vi,.,,.<.,  a  ship.  Jls. 

Prisomr-  ll.irlior,  Siiiitat  rii/.  UlHncl,rM,,V,i,M,*r7. 
ih'si  riln'il.Wi, 
ki'lp,  sii 
ilanKt'tH,  <j. 
ani'horaKi',  rui.  Mil. 
H<M.;;rilpliUill  position,  Hft. 
Prisonirs  lioi'k,;ll2,:WI,;t:il. 

licarinK  anil  iliKlams'  from  Trinnlinl  lli'ail,3,32. 
si/c.  :l:fj. 

ilislancr  from  Triiiiihnl  liRliI,  'a± 
ihptli  i.f  wiilir  aroililil,  3:iJ, 
appi-araiii'i'  from  u  ilistam.H',,3,3.', 
Promontory  Ko.'k,  .I'll .  -VJ, :«!.  IHI,  !IV.,  :l'i6. 
Hi/,<',:{,'il. 

foul  ^;roanll  aroiinil,  -t'll. 
iliitanis- from  I'oinl  SI   I  irorttf    1-'>I. 
Pro'^pi'i  t  Monnlaiii.  tnl. 

I'roliMlion  of  aiil-.  to  navigation,  laws  for  the,  fi,^!. 
Proti-ition  Ulan. I.  .vl:l..-.:ai,.Vi:l,.-isr,. 

ilintami' Irom  Port  Discovery,  S:f-'. 

il,.m-rilii'il..'i-'.'J. 

Il•arin^'  ami  .li-laiiin  from  Sew  Dani-i'ni'ss  liithl-hnime,  S.33. 

Point  Wil-oii  IlKlll-lioiisi',  .'v3. 
passHK*'  niar,  "' '■!. 
ili'plh  of  M.iti-r  aromiil,  1,1,1. 
miiliiiK  iliri'itions, -MS. 
hank  oil',  VI!. 
Hhoal.  .VW. 

lilioy  to  mark.  '^*i. 

inariiik'  aii'l  ilistamo  to  Niw  DilliKoni-sH  linlit-housc, 
'  ■'■•II. 

Proli-ilioii  lilanil.MI. 
Clallum  I'oiiit.rwU. 
nami-il  for.  VU. 
I'rovi'lfiK  1- *  o\i-,  Vam-onxt'r  lslaml,'»ll, 
I'mhlinKtriTl,.  J^'.i, 
Mil-.  ■>■■'■ 

niinki'ii  roi-U  m.rlli  .il  iiioiilh  of,  Js'.). 
inarU.-il  hy  a  hri'akvr.-.'vi. 
Piiorlo  llm-m.il.-s  lii.-noSan  Dicj-o  Iliiyl,  jr.. 
Puerto  il.'  l.,sSarilina.-   (oi  viola  amliorim'I.Bl. 
j      Pinrlo  .li-  los  lil.Ttos   Saiila  .Moiiiia  llayl.-''!. 
!      Pin'rto.li'  I'oilos  Santos,.,., 
Puerto  Kalso.  ■.■■.'.  Js. 

PuKi'l  Souml.  '.'..--HV  r,|...Wl..W,Ki7,5^W,,-vS7,5Un.,m Ml, 018, 620,628, 
i,_"i, 
l[,iii.ral<l.-s.riptioii,,'is7,i'.JI>. 
iiaviKatioii.  C.'n. 
.urriMils  I'.jn 
Irilllf.  1^-11 

towns  on  shori'sof, iV-'ii. 
pilot  law..,, 'i7'.i 
I'lilly,  Point  lilJ, 111  I. 111"'. 
I'limplircy,  W.  11.1 

Piini.e  Islaml.  fouraphi.  al  poMli 'M\. 

ilistan.i-  an. I  .liriTlion  from  MliMlo  Hock, 96, 

l'oiiiH'oin;fplion  light, 

Santa  llarhura  lik'llt.W. 
Santa  Crux  Islaml.W, 

pi, 1, III  il.,  .Vrcna.  m 

l.,iiilai.. ,1.1a,  .vs.irJ.ri,  lill,:i(fi.:!i.l,:iil7.:!lll.:lll.  ll7,3l8.SlU,3il. 

I..ariiii;  ami  .lislali.'P  Irom  P.iiiit  IVIi;aila.  .11)1. 

.shori-  Inn- fr., Ill  Point  K.lKml".  ■»" 

ihaiaclrr  of  till'  is,asl.3lll. 

ili'plh  , if  water  oir,:liH. 

lr,.n.l.,fslioi.',:iir7. 

liiariiiK  ami  .lisUim-i.  from  Sla'llir  Covii,  :II17. 


V 


I 

i 

il 


I* 


i  I 


I 


I   I' 


I.'-' 


r(V2 


I'lititn  (tonirt  -<*nnlliiiir<l 

U'urtiiu  mill  tli^ltuK  r  from  I'mni   Vrcmi  Hulit  hoiiPi*  3)7, 


»;rtifnil  <lr(M'ripllon.;il)T 
•  liiriK'T-  I'll    b"' 


I  t(tH<  McniliN  itiu..lii7. 


n  iikN  hu<1  rnrrt'Tiln.  -liK, 
hvilntttniptiv  oil,  UN. 
Mut<-ii«  niinr**  fitr,   fcw. 
coimt  !••<  H)M>  Mi'iiiliMtnit  'tl<. 
I'linlrt '!•■  Ii4  t  «.iivpr«i<in.  I'oml  lliii'itonip,  Ttl. 

I'lltltU  -tf  ill  <*<ltl<-<-|M-|ll|t   I  I'olril    I  '<in<  4<)H<1(ltl    .  ftT,    ( 

Puitl.t  •!•    lit  Kmtit  <  iiix    IIJ 
I'liiilrt  .1.    lo*<..n;:irr..*    Ui»ll.'»»t  Point  .  IT. 
1'iMit.i -li'  M  tri'tii/    *4.inta  lUrtmrn  I'ofiil  .f«<>,  ft'i. 
I'tintH'lr  Nt'v.'    I'litnl  rantillii  .  Vi,  (■..'. 

rmiin  .!»•  iiHt  .iiii.  f  r.r 

I'lliitii  <lr '^fiii  I".Hl<vni      '^(»n  I  Mr^M  Itity.  17.:.'l. 


PllDlA  <l«-  ^iin  Ititiutt' 
l*'Hit«  <lf  >*rtri  .!tii»n   ' 


I  h«'n..  Itii\ 


I'l 


IMirlaiinit  I  r.  i-k     I^T. 
I'lirl-iin  I'..int    \<t\.  |n4.  l..,. 
rurtoiiii  I  tin  )  r 

.Ii^ini..,   from  I'oitil  Ar^iH'lto.  HVI. 

iiHTiifil  Nin-«ir.»  S'Morn  b>  t'uhritlo.  Ml 
\"i*ririlo  liv   Vrroi*'-.!!!!!!!.  I  ii. 
Hiii  I  itrnMo  oit  II  l-'rom  Ii  clmrl,  \tv\. 
Itfiitinlo  l>v  Ti  Itritkoir    1'tt. 
Nititn  Vnr/  on  thr  ollii  nil  I'tiiiiitv  iiut|t,  l<Vt. 

I  lmrn<l«T  i>f  "liorr  linr.  I'H 

jiplH-  trnn»-»-  frnm  orl' <«hor«',  |iit, 
l'i|>ulhi(.  Kiv.r  C.IC. 
I'\r;tnii!  limit',    t'.** 

<Iiiitnnr«>  Irom  oiuin*.   IS** 

lirii;hl.  Vi*. 

iMMiriiii-  no. I  ili-^tRfn-f-  from  I'rifUT  lAlnnd.  Vit. 
V\  rrtinl'i  Tovi-.  Sm  <  liiut'nti'  Itliind.  7-V  73,  ^T. 

<li-!»<rilnHl,  7  i. 

k.lp   71 

r.M  k.  71 

lint  ll.lrH^;^^  7J,  74 

ft.-^li  WHtrr,  7  I 
Pvr:iiiii.|  II.-  ol.  Niii  rl.-tncnt.*  Ulun-l.  7J,7I 

.i<-(i,rit»«-«l   7-'. 

r.Kk-iMfV  72. 

k'r<n;rii|tlin'n\  |M»<»aion.  72 

inikk'ntlit  viiriitlidii,  7:.'. 
Pyrnmi  I  i'oinl.  Mi> 
Pymnu.I  K.kUii   7J,  >I.  ;-rt 

a|i(MMriin<  «■  from  lln-  w»"«l-<»oiittnvt'«tt ,  ri**!. 

ill«tHn<i>  frnin  whori-     1*1 

)M-Ari)i^  friirn  <'»im-  drfortl  lijilil.   l"*! 

rocko  iii»i<Ic  of,  t"*! 
Pv^tit  Itiwr.  Pillur  Point,  V_'» 

not  tiitx  ikhIiW*.  AJ^> 


<^iiftmniinf  Uwo  for  thn  liarl»nr  nf  ••nn  Krnnii*r't.  r.U, 
ijunrHhltn^  «t.ition    '^nn  KrHiicifM-fi.  .*I7. 
r'';;iilnluiii«»  'JI7. 

(^mI•>Il)<  P -int    II I  <•  (  tkiini.  r»Vi. 

i;  oTti  t  Imriott*-  Soiinil.  .%H«t 

<^ifeti  >>>'  til'-  llay.  I>«i»lriirtlari  Nl»in'l    VJO.  '#in. 

.I.-H. tiIm-.I.  vr.i 
q.ii'llii  Kivi'f  *'.•-. 

iM-(irlnn  lin'i  "li-I»n<f  from^'.iiM-  KH/ii>«*th,  V'- 

In  nlrtit  tiori  UIhn')    I'V*. 
(!.••*  rilMMt.  !.•;, 

^•■oi{rii|thti-.il  pimition  of  tnoiith    !'<*'>. 

<  tiur.M  t«-r  of  til.-  (onit  lu  l»«<itrtn-t)on  Uliiinl.  4<Jfi. 
titiil.ffii',  Pnf  Iliver   ••{! 

k'«'«u'rH;ittf  h1   |io-<iiion.  fVVS 
<2<iil(>«'ni>  lUv    Ilo^Kpn  Cuiinl.  ft^tl- 

*/iiiif-rni-  UiviT  f;n 

(^nIUhMt*•  Kiv<T.  4"J7   IW.  Wi.'tt:,  vil.  ,'>lfl. 

<)utfin<  <-  ffoiu  Iloh  lleHa.  >it. 

iMixltnHrk-    Vn. 

.!.-»(  ri'-*-'!    Vrt. 

'Iiwi-ovrr^'l    r^*!. 

ii»inrn  for    '^H 
<Jiiinii»er   .  tt»-.i    V^.',  Vt'J.  VtTi.  511    %<j.  Vrfl,  fiT".  V»   VjI. 
i{iilin|wr  PenlnmilH.  'vT?,  VJfi. 


INDKX. 


■  Miiiiiiiill  llin-r.  I'll,  Ml  %\: 

<li-liili<-,' ffr,in  I'oiiil  (;r,',>iivj|>i<  4<lt, 


liAltfri*  for,  (•'■.V 


UiMv  l«)iiii,l.  V,tt),-itiivfr   NIiiikI.  .'ilt.M'.t.Ml. 
cli'ti  tiIh'.I.MI. 
•iiiiki-ii  r<M-k«  iifitr.  Ml, 

t|t-|,|)l   <,r  n-llIlT    IM'Hr.MI. 

'  itrriMil^,  *,1|, 


krlpMI, 

IikIiI  ll.Miar,  M5  VJI',. 
.l.m'riUMi,:,!!. 


•.ll,\P.l.-ill.-.41  MLMC  Ms,'w'\l,»i 


itr,-  iitiil  limit  (,f  \  i•^itlllnv,^|.'». 

i:i'<,^ri>|ilii,Hl  piiailhiii  M", 

iiiii,:n,'li<-  \-iiriitlii)ti  ■>(',. 

l"Minn>;  ilii.l  .|i«liiii.  ,•  1..  Slurriiitflmin  I'liinl.  M-, 

I.Ui.,.-.!,  iHlantl  liijIil-li.iiiw.Mi 

I'llLir  INiiiit  Mj. 

<  "n'^t'-nl  lliiy.  .',|"i, 

l:<li/  It,, ok  liitlil  hnii'H.  M-, 

\,\v  |iMii;,',-ii,'H.«  lit;lil  lieu-*!'   %,.', 

I' \VH-,i,ii  lii:l,|.| |.  M', 

Ailiniri>ll\  ll,'.„l  lit:l,l  li,,i,«-M-, 
l',irlM.li:i-  HiinU   M". 

Siiiilll  •  IhIjuiiI   IiuIiI   Iiiiii„|,,M\. 
IM«i',ivi>rv    l<«liit),l    liKlit-li,iiiMi',.'i|.'> 
l-'.<M|iiiinull  likclil  lioiiHc  M',. 
dm  tltfiml. MA, 
l>uA•ulKl^^l^ 
,  in  n-nl-H,  'if,. 
Hutliii^  •llr«M-lt,tn'4.  *»*■» 
Ujn'<>   l!iM'k<«  '«■(■,, 

lUi'iNH,!!  Mnul   177. 17''  l"<ll.  Ill,  l»),  IV,  J|i'i,.''.Vi,2i'<,  J||,'J|7. 
wiillli,  Isl, 
ili-lilh,  Kl. 
nlliTf.  I'.l 

fitrmil.  1^1, 

Vf"*-*,-)..  rraillti   (lii-w  tliniiiKlt.  [•ii. 
Itn.kliir  l!,.i  li.  .fiiii.  f.il. 
lUfl  Itnir.  <  ,i|H-  r.li/nliilli,  l'.>"> 

t«i/.«',  r.t*"., 
run  Uo.  w,  <'ii|H'  i".h/,ii,.  Ill  4'o 

kiii.Hii  n-  Ar.  h  laliiml.  •''• 
Uh:;^o<I  M<,nn(Hiti.  Siiilii  I 'in/  Ulitn,!,  HS. 
It>i^h'<'*l  l'"iiit,  IL'7. 
Itilinirr,  M,,iHitHlil,  Mn,  CiSS 
Hull.  Ii,  ItiM'.l  ».  |ir.',  lit). 
ili>iiil,>l|ili.  !,,»  1..    I'.ni. 

Itaiiiir.  I  »<, mil-.  .ri7,  VC,  '••'J  .Vjl ,  liN,  (,lf,. 
KiiiiKt'.  <>l\iii|Mi<«,  %'*7. 1.^.1, •»t\. 
Itiuiut*  Siiilii  l.iii-ln    1.1). 
ItaiiK'-  I'uuil    "^Ii'ihU*  tiU'r  liny,  IT*. 

I>i  itring  all  I  iliHt,uiti>  frimi  •^luiuUvnU'r  lt(  i'x. 

I..'.i,ll«'ll.r  I'll     I.  i:\ 

li'intfrr    Nti'llllll-t     Ii'»l. 

kiitr*  ,,f  «lm  kiiK'-  fur  till*  jiiirt  ,,f  Smi  I'ntiu  i«i-,i.  iVI.l, 

liiiltli',>i,ul,i'  louiiil   Sun  I'l'ilni  lluy.  :<-  In 

Kr.l  iiinri,  .'71   rji.  isi.  rji 

III  ■■ntriiiii,    I.,  IIiiiiiIhiI.Ii  llity.  rj.1 
mi.'    <::i. 

Ill'llllll  1.^1. 

Ki'iMTiil  »|i|*i'itriini-4'.  .'t'il 

t\im  -*lHtl  It*  II  rniiKr.  -CI 

ni|vi*;il,ilil.\  ,,r  liiilitiin    l'2r> 
II.-.I  If,,.  I.,  1«'.   I'.ii  il7,  .'t'<  iRi..'ll 
Ur.l.llnu   l;.«k    .11».  Xi-.   nil    ll'i  .BW.  :ii«. 

ii|)|M-itritli(-<' 111  u  itmlitiit^v  ICi 

ll.-ii;lil,   lI'l 

i;i-,>^rH|>liii  111  |io«lliiin.  .Trj. 

In  iirlliii  ami  ill^lalni    l<i  l{i>,  k  y  I'innI,  ^IV 

<'ri"M'i'iit  rily  liKhl-lii>uii«>,'1^t!l, 

ii.iiiiPM  fi,r.-tri 

\  I'NHOI-I   ,|(>   II, ,1   !{,>  tllNi'lc  tif.  XV.I 

liciliilnla.  I.a  Mina     I'alili'  Mnillilnlll '.  I  J. 

Iti'l Ill  Wh.iir   Nniila  Miiiilia  llHv,  lA 

K.  .Ill I  1  r.ik    M'l  nil 

I!.  .'.I  .  Illaln  li.   Win.  lii-.li'r  lla\  ,   lirj,  4U| 
Ki-.'f,  .\r«.liii.-  V,M 

IWrkrlpy,  'i'fi 

llli>lH.<i,  In.!,  i-n 


MM 


i  I; 


m\ 


T(wf    foiiliniHMl. 

iiiunr", K1.  ii'.;.  ii  t.ii''.  'ii'''.  f--. :i--'. •'-'■  '  '•  '"'*•  '">■'■ 

Ili.lliKil   J^l 
llnwliUr.Vil'. 

Chflkc.UVJ.iKVI. 

Cilliy.JMI. 

(■i«|iiillc,:l'.»V 

Cri-.i'iil  City,  lit. 

iliHiilur.iilii 

l)ii\l.iirv,JH'',.:i'.'.'JI»,  ill.'^l'*. 'Jl'.l.'J'il 

(hiliriMlii.rvvj.^l.r^^. 

HuillllM>ltl1.'>U>. 

K.-li.  V,7. 

Ijlwmiri.Vi'i,  V»l. 

()rfnnl.:CI,:rrn.:Ci. 

<irk,  \'t- 

I'BikiTN,  ■■<■.•<.  '^"' 

l'«rUiii'<.  ■■"1. 

Iti.uiii-  Kiv.T.;ir.7.:»'.M.;l7l,:l7l 

Ml  «i.M.ru.',:ilJ,:ll'.i.:!.VJ.:i7l 

Hniiii.ItT  ",JiW. 

Hkull.ll''. 

S..n<.ni.  urn.  I'll. 

TiinilK.,."i7'< 

fllllllillll.  ■i"'., 'ilH.'"'. '>l''- 

Wnl.iUu.Ji.l 

VlKllli'ill.  III. 
Rei'Mllhl'l  I  iillrli. '.*(*►*>. 
Krfiiiil.>.  <iii"ii"l-'  ■l>l.'''.i.'''l. 
|{.-Knhili..n..rimiiil«niti..n  Inn-.  ..fill.- riiit.'il  SInl.'t,  iV'.l. 

(■iiiir"iiiiii,ii'i-'. 

U.'Knl„lh.n«l..i,r.-v..nl  .-..Mi. yy{  ^f...  ihl,ln,ill..n„l,r,IT, 

Ucl'l  UimU.  Sim  .Ivnili  t'lniutirl.  ''V.. 

iliplli  ..f  Wiib  roil.  VV>. 

iimrkiil  I'y  liil"y,  ■'.Vi 
lli-ilK  lliirlHir,  l.iinilni  Nliuiil,  ■'''■<■ 

lli-<,llU.-<l..'-iS. 

'liiliiiii  iinlil''  fnr.'iiw. 
I(o-"irt  I'Mint    s.iiilii  Minilni  Hiiv,  l«. 
K,.,,,i.;.i./ii.i.  Ilrill-.li  »lii|i.  1'' 

l{..-i,.mii..,i  |.„i,it,v..M-fi,i-c.o.r,..-,m.r,ii,r,i.'.i;i:i. 

nppriinui It  iiiliHliiin'.','iM. 

ili'HiTil><-il.''li'. 

.Irplli  .if  ^llUTIilV,  I'.ln. 

ki-l|i,i.lii 

iiii.liori>i;i'  iK'iii,  I'.lii. 

lurrt- nl.t.  C.l". 

tl.U'H.  I'l" 

>;i'.iirni|ililiiil  li<i'<inim.  ''.l". 

lieiiri.ii!  lui.l  .iHt.. "•  ''"i"'  ■l'nor,..i,   r.m. 

W  . -.1  I'.. lilt  Imlil  li"ii'<i'.  lilt'. 

lllllMlIlll-.ll    Ill-U.l     I'lll. 

lliilU-ry  r.iiiil.i'.l". 
Piiliil  un  liiiril.  tilil. 
nnmrn  for.  »il'^. 
Ui-KtTMiti'.M.riii-iiii'. '■'"'•  ,     .,., 

UoyeT  IMi.it.  IM,  1..-..  I.W.,  l'..i.  I-.'  l'..|.  r..-.,-V.-.JI7,JI'..Jl'.i.--l, 

■s.i2. ■!  17.  .Ill,  -'r.i. i".i . ■-••'■', -Til  -T-.;. 

ItOMHlUll    Ito.  k.J-.C,    I""'. 

iK-iiriiitf  iiii'l  ilKl""!*-  fr.ini  llii!  l-'liit,  (!»■. 

.Il«liuin.  fr Bliiir..,  HI'.. 

Blii.r.-  .l.-«iril..-.l.  mi' 
tivilr.it;r»|iliy  l>r"ii'l  nl',  1»'. 
ni/.r  .if.  ■»"■■. 
Ii,-1kIiI.  ««•■ 

riH  kBli.  tli.-iiiirlluvi-st  ..f,  ""1. 
Uli-lis  l'iw.™ii{.-.  I'.Tl  oiilii«i.l,i"-i,'-.ll 

il.mrilH-.l.i.M 
llMliunl-..  Viiiiiniivir  l'll.it.iH'-'l,''l''. 
Uiiliiirl->i>ii'B  lliiy.  !■<" 
UiihunNi."   l!..,k.l.-..Til..-.l,''Vi'7.'''>.''" 

,|,r,-.t,„ii  rr..,.i  iv.-sl.Ti,  1 1  .11  Mil"  .Ml>,'i"'l.->'. 

l{t-(ltjril|illl.'ill  lm«iti.ill    '* . 

,l|r.-.-li.ill  1.11.1  .li-luii.  .■  t.i  I'.Ki.t  ••."."•l-l""  Iml". '■•■"•- 
l-.iiiit  .\  ii;. 11-11.1. '.'''- 
hlill.in  U.ifk. ■.»'>. 

Itl.liiimii.l.  I'lili.t,  I'.m. 

Kl.lKi..  llHl'l.  ■"' 
lllurk.  17" 
<'il|..-.  111. 
11,-11.1  Ir.-.-,  l'.IO. 
Millcr-n.  H'l. 
Himiinll.l'."'. 


1N1)I'.\. 


703 


I , 


11  Ml  (111  I'rri'k,  'iH, 
lilhr.'ll  I'.iilil.  J'J-- 

lliiiiiiii  I'liiiit  Siiiiiii  llurliiini  <'liiiiiiu-l,'><'l. 

ill....  rili.<il..'>x. 
Itllitiiii  liiii  k.l'.ni. 

UillKK.ililiiUMl,  1711.  Kl,  Iwi.lVl.'.tl'.l/jr.'.JII. 
Iiliii^riuiil.-.>.l 
III.,  ill' Sun  lliiliirilii.  nil. 
IliVir.  Aliiiiiiriil.  I'-^l 

.Ml.li.li,  .•7'.i,  Kl, ■J'W. 

,\l-..-yii.  .Wi.  111.'.,  MX.  110.11:1. 

Arr.iw.  UVI. 

llvHt.  iir.. 

IllK.  -•<l. 

Illiii'k.  isl. 
riiriiH-1.   i:(7,l:W. 
Iiiliir.  111". 
llll-ll:lliH..'W,lVJ«. 

Clii-lk.i   :l.%7.:l.'ii..l''ii',:lii1,:>S5. 

I  liilli'iiM-.  I(l.'i. 

rliiii.iiik.  I.V.I. 

(•.iliiiiiliiu.  Ill,  li-:!,^^.^:^,:^).'?;'.!,:!*/,.^,!'!!,  ••'>'. ^"7. -W.OSH. 

r.,iiiili«.  l.'iN,  l'<7,  l'.i:l. 
(•.H|iiilli...l'iii.:K»,:i'.l«. 
f.iwlitz.  ri^.W. 
1),  s  rliiii.i<,iv:K. 
Hi,  ko-L.tlili'l'ir, 'i"-' 
Ihit-kui.u-..  il;!.'.. 
IliiiiKi-ii.-'....  .*'-i. 
|iii«i-\\iilli|ii.  I'.l-'i. 
Ilii\nliiii»li,  iiK-.l'M. 

i:i-i.'.;'.iii,:rj|,  wi. 
i;ik.  i>.:i77.:ix.-.,Wi. 

|-.lwllll,  .vjii. 

l-.nlliir.  JIH. 

i'rii..iT,  :--*>.  •.7J.  ri7:i,  r,';-<,  ri7'j,  r.si. 

liiir.iil.  ■J7li.'J7:l. 

<liiviliir.  IW. 

(M,r<l.iii..M». 

(liiytuiiii'4.  liifi. 

ll;IIlltlllllllMI.  ■'>'>■''.. 

Hull.  'i<i«. 

lloKiliiillltll,  1^. 
Iliinil.ili'iw.  I*M''7. 

llllll.'lK.    ll'l. 

.Iiiliii  Kiiy's,  111-. 

jiiiiir^.  isi. 

Jiinliiii.^i-II. 
K.irliik.  I"!" 
K.-liilii'nivlillt,.'><l'i. 
Ki-ni.iil 

Kliliimlli.-l'.'.-l".!"l.-"''-W..17l>. 

Kii.iK.  .W'.i 

l.fwiHHiiil  Clurki-.  Ii'i.  ml. 
I.illl.-.  J-1!. 
'  I.UU.- Triiililiul.:!.!"  :ill,:tiii 

■.•■J  I,  Hi"),     I  1 .1  IB  .\  iiKi'li'i.  :!7 , 1 1 

l.iniinii.  ™i'.i,''7l. 
!  I.yrt'.  52.-1. 

Mml.  :m^:|■.:l.:^i^-■•;l•■■l-''-■'"''■'^■•*'>• 
Mlllt■lll■.•-•7:l.:i^ll,:K'7,•»»*- 
^Iil\n.i.  l.w 
M.iwit.li.i-'*. 
Nu.iiii-iiii'ii"  i;ii. 

Niiwil.  17."..  4711 
Niv<iil,  111'. 
Niiviirrit,  -277,  "2711. 
NllWIIKKl.il.  *■''-• 

Ni-,ii>-<in-.  rri. 

N,-li,il.-iii   l:i7.  1111.111,  tl:l,«'- 
Ni-iiiur.  17  >.  1711.  !■<'. 
N.-lll..l.ili|Hl-,  IKS. 
Nl-BlllKKllll,  l^X. 
Nii'otiiri-kl.->77. 
NlBiiniilly,  l'•--■ 
N,i.ikMi.lil.'>71. 
N.irlli.  171'.. 

Nov,..  ■J'*'-..  ■-'■'■7.  ■•:'<!». 

<)H.-lt..'.|ll 

riijiir...llK. 
I'iiliii.l7:!.  I7S. 
lM>;tfi»ii.3.'t,'» 


I' 


i    tl 


•     I 


ii 


i  I 


5    I 
ll- 


.■I 

Mil  B 

n 

i  J.' 


704 


Iliver.  rtiit«>l.  Wi7. 

Turi'ttiim.  Itkl. 
riiviillii|t.  (ttri. 
ry.lil  Vt 
(JilrcU.  I'.m 

(^iniiliiilc.  t'.H.  t'.n.  ltC.4'.'.i.lWI,IW2.(Kn.Bll,»l«. 
<lilllllltiill.  4'.>I.4:U.  m:. 

itiin.i'.A 

KoKilr.  K.I,  .aw.  MW.  S7  1.  :IV\ 

llii«<i.>ii  I  f. ill, i"«i. i%\ iv,  iV'*.  Ill 

.■<««Tiimi'iil..  1.1  :\  1.  Ml.  in.  Hi,  m. '.'««,  'ii».  .113,401. 

SaliiiiK  111.  lll.UV 


INDI.N 


.Sultllc 


W.  IJ5, 


siini«ti  ^:l. 

Sail  Ilii.iinvniliirH.VI  V.  .V.V.M 

.Sm  I  'iit!<i. '.-.  if..  >.  iy,  HI 

San  i.iil>riil,  IT.  !!•.  II 

.><«ii  l..ii.|iii>i   li.l  JIJ,Jl.l  .'II  .'W 

Srtii  l.orrti/o  11(1.  117.  Uy,  Wei 

SftU   I.IIIM   II<',\'..'*,  J*,  .11, 
SaiitA  .\lllt.  ^^^..it. 
HhiiIu  » 'Itini.  4'».  VI,  V^ 
.Nililii  Mnrt:iinla.>, .HI. 
SHiitjk  MariK.  KiTt. 
.SHlxip.  4'<l. 
Sikh-    ITi..  l>7 
Sikl/.  IJI   IJI 
Siiiiljiw    N*,  llll,4(n 

ski>h<>iiti«h,  r^tii. 
Smiili  «    ll-i  l-.«  :»«>  ™i.,M. 4iH, 
snolioiniwli,  ,Vi«..rrfiii. 
S<iii>l>ri.>  M'j  %f,i, .MO, %«l, 542. 
S<Milli.   Ml 

>ii|ii<.iii>iiil>li   W"  riiil. 
.strlliu-ooiii.  lijl, 
SII|lHi,ii:inilnll.  y.i-,  .'>'.»>. 

sirlvlii   .V.I 

Siir,  111!. 

TiMi  Milr,  /r:i.  .-.«). -".11,  J",i2,.')iH. 

Tlii'ijiii^in,  VI. 

Tiliini 


.rn. 


Trinity    II.V 
TMIIkixra    «fi,4<'', 
TrnHMrri,  Ml, 

riup<|tiali.  :rii,  r.H.  ik.  Ik,  inTdiy  ijii,  Ui. 

ViihulK.  Ill) 

Walalla,  .1.1  2f,.'  ■.lii. 

WHlli«.ul.  i.V). 

Wlill«|.ali.  «7"i,  177,  171. 

\Mnlr   I.I'-.. 

W  illaiiultc,  «.•.!. 

«  llii  link,  ,15.7.. IV.  3<il).:r.I 

\V»hkalil    IM 

^  a.  Ilal<    l.rj,  I  III, 

^  •.,.1111,1,  <,-«i.  i.n.  (1.1.  II:;,  iiri,  4.V1, 
^llllllu M  iw  11)1. 

/<i..illkiii    ii'j. 
HitiTnl.lf,  Wlilla|.ali  Itlvi-r.  I7C. 
l{4i«4l  .1. 1  rriiirl|rt'.  t.i. 

lluU-rlS  Hank    Hrill-li  <  •■linnl..a   .'i7'J,  S42, 
ilcnt  riU'd.  .'»79. 
ill.). Ill  ..f  \»alfr  nn.  .'>7'.i. 
..irniil-.  .'17'.' 
lioUrl..  l'..iiil,  .^7;l,  .■i7.%.  'i77,  5« 
H..l.li.«..n    I'oint    '.l-i,  fil7. 
Itu<  k.   Muitra/.  !■'>. 

Arrh,  112. 1»-..  K,  .'ll,?.'!,!^,  V.i:MI,381,.l*l,.'W».  m>,t'/l. 

.\rihiHl,  avi 

Anna,  HM-1, 1'*'.. ;;iii,;iH, ai. 

.\»ii«.  nil. 

Haiti ri-   .T.A. 

liar,  K.J  :|i';l. 

IUIllf,.T'S,  rn 

lire   ''J 

11.IU-.  V.iV,«. 

Ilcnt  «     iv.i 

IIIK  \V  hit*..  J-A  J/7  ■-".«,  WJ 

lllr.l,  1  C,  nil,  ii'i.i'il,r).l,3x2,»6X 

lll»li<i|i   '•!, 

Illakely.  I<IU, 

Bun  k.. £11,333. 


K.Kk,  111. .«.<.. Ill,  li'.',  In7,l'»,l,  .'.'l,iX,241, 
IIikIi-KH,  -JM,  'JVJ,  iVI 
llriillirr«,  j:Ih, 
llrown.  :i.VJ,ltVl,  tv. 
I'ake,  M>l,IVi«,  M7.  M7. 
I  iiinlirta.  tjl, 
•  'an.  tW, 
<'K|M<.  :«i|, 

<  natlf,  Ml, •,!■»,  IIS, ;iM .  \\2,  :evi, :iM, :»;, Viit. 

<  IliinnrI,  'J.'i.%,  'i,'i(i, 

<  lii.luliili  111.  VJ 

<  liirkr.  .%''7 

t  I  il«lrr  I  iini-,  '.".l".,  .Wl,  Hm, 
t'tilvii.*.  (i..*.!. ikkl. 
t'oininM^ton,  I'ln. 
foMr.  ^Ulx,  llil. 

<  .•liical,   1117,  lltM, 
I'liiinlaiiliiir,  111'.,  im,  131, 


1  o.|.illl<<,  (',10, 

<  'iitlanpVH,  WLM',, 

«  ovc,  :'77, 

I'oi.  4IC 

•  yiirrnii,  1:11,  I'W 

Uaviiliuiii,  Wi.Wi, 


IVi 


Vl, 


l>..\  il  .  il.il..,  >,C,  .»»,  .Ill,  .110. 

I I.lc.  sn.  171', 

Ik.iilil.    Arili,  I..*,  tn.iK. 


mini. I. 


iilir,  .".Ift. 


I><>iil>li'  llinil.  :a:.  :i:il 
Ikiiil.li "liriuli'il,  4!'i  4I'J, 
l>iiiil/|..  Ml,  .M'.,  I.'i., 
Il.in.an   S14,  •Wi,.  .'.17.  .^.•.l. 

iN'iirintt  an.l  ilmlaii.i' rnini  TatiKiiili  Ulan.)  IJKlit-lii 
.Mr, 

iMiiliiiK  iliriH-tliifiA.  Air., 

•  iliikiu  riK'ka  "IT,  .M6. 

riant.  .1%.',  ,l.•i^. 

I'.vanH.  fil'.i. 

Palinn.  IIJ,  III. 

I'lilw  1  aiic.  :ljii.  .rjl, 

l:il».-  Kliiniiilli    ill    111 

rHunlljiriiy    11  1,  .III'.,  in'.,  ,117,  Ut. 

l-'i'iirli-an,  .Wl. 

I'iii,    I..1 

liat,  TO,  .ni,  117,  :vvs  ;i.ii,  I'ji. 

l''lal    IliK,'."/?,   kil, 

KUl  lllai'k,  .'ill. 

Km,  .»••.  rifi.  .117.  .«■,»,  171,  17'J,  :lHO,  3lB,  .1*1,  3"/.',  f.if. 

(''iirliinaii.  'U'i. 

Kuur.Mlli'  1  rwk,  :!il7, 

(ill.rallnr,  Ml, 

l.or.ln     III    Hm.  .HC 

l.r.cii    117. 

<  Miami  :i'.i7.  KM. 

liiill.'iv.  :ix7,:ui8. 

llaiiil.ViT 

Kanily  s.  JW, 

llatlidi  <'a»lli-,  I*',,  I.T. 

iliivHta.  k,  r.-J  IJ«   1.-1  1111  4.11,  4;12. 

Ilf  Im,  Mill,  IJI, 

IIirIi,  li'iii 

II..W1-11.  n-i 

llunip  't'vl,  I.M,  IVi,  IVl. 

ll'inliT  H.  VtH 

lliintlliKtuli,  V/J. 

Iliirnl.  ir.l. 

Iiivin.ililf,  J:t7.  Jih,  Jil 

I»liiii.l..t7l.  r77. 

.I..niitliail,  I'lJ,  LM.  I'll,  :IV> 

Kilii'iilllali,'^!, 

Kl.m,  .'..".run. 

K  i.Kiki.li,  :r'i.:r:r..  177. 3ivl,  :wi,  :ii«. 

|j«<'riii.  iri,  I'Jil 
■  .arict*.  wj 
I. Inn.  lull  111 
l.lllli'  i(lvcr,.'l.'lll. 
l.<in<-..TJii. 
I..II1K,  'fc'iJ,  .'Cfcl 
I.1111K  ltrnwn.<'M2. 
l^uukutll,  J7.I. 


1 


s... 


INDEX. 


7()r> 


IIkIiI-Im 


II(K-k,  \.tt\H^r,  ITj, 

Ml.lcllc.'if,,:,,,). 
Mill-.  lTr>. 

MiirKi>i>,'.'<A'lilll. 

M4H1HIV  I  IT,  IIH. 

MNwI,  .".17,  :KiI,  :«!,  :ln,  ,117  ;vv\. 

Ni'iillc,  ii'.i.  I.'<i,  :lim,  .CJ. 

NiKMi.Uy,  li.l,  im.  171,  IU7.a»i,lV.',.'il'.l,21(l,-lH  •'-•  —3 

Niirlli,  ■•ml.  1— ,•-  . 

Niirlliirriir..'tl.l,.1l5. 

NiiilliHisl.  iscl.  W,  :w;l,  WLlln-v, 

Niiril'w.,11  s,.„|,  :iV),:t.',i,;),v,,:B,)  357  J,,  .kki  ici    u,! 

Oil    III 

on  Trinliliul,  ,;,:•,  ;i.(:i,a,||, 

OtUT,  111. 

Owen.  Mo, 

I'l'di.i,  111,11:1,111. 

I'liO.   Ii\. 

I'U-dniH,  Iji. 

I'illnr,  1 1.1,  nil,  1^7,  IM, 

l'ilot,.l.ll,;ii.i,.iii. 

I'hmiiiU',  .'71,  ^711.  Il7,."ilfl. 

IMiixkill,  \M, 

I'rUiim-rrt,  lij,  :tw, ,1:11. 

I'r.Miiiniiory,  .fil,  :l'i:;,,l.'>:l,:iM,  ;i,w,  ,iVi. 

l'\  riiiiilil,:i7:',:wi,,l.s.v 

Itiiiklitr,  :l'.iii.  lUI. 

lUfl.    I'.!."!. 

Hi'il,  ii7,:;it,zw,2ti. 

HiMliI iiiK.  :il X,  .«•»,  :no, 319,  :\.v.,  -.i-i, 

K.-liI,  rM. 

l{fyiiiilir»,  •.".c.lWi. 

Kii'liiinln '>l. 

Kill... II.  I'.NI, 

IloHt-iliili',  .•iii..'sir..M7, 

ltmiii.l.:i|.'..:iir,..U7.  :il>i.  :«j. 

Sail,  1.^7,  l.V.i.'.'i;7,»W,,Vil. 

StilinuM,  :Ui2 

S.iii   .Miirtih,  1:11. 

Suit  P'llro  liw.  :;|11. 

M.'kI,  Id-.,  177.  171,  IT'.I.  IM,  ■-•«,•.. in,  'Jll,  :I2,  ■J17.'.'Jl.  ,M,  4|  1. 
S.ii  l.iiiii,L".i(!,-.'<Jt,,ail,:lii-.i,  (.j,|,  |.j5. 
.s*-\  t'li  |\  t*t,:il.i. 
.sliiiK.  Is'j,  ivl,  l''7.21l,i.7,.')(;7, 
.■^liiiri.,  :ill,:iliv:wi. 
Hhulirlik,'.".l7.:lll.'i 
Silvir  .If  u rati, 462. 
Sllilr.  I.W. 
Siiukt>.ti:t(i. 
Wi.numii,  Isd. 
s.mili.iym. 

>..iitlii>a.st  lllai-k.M). ,•!«■:, 
S<iiilli«rsl  .Si-al,  :;m,:i.'.i,:;vi, 
Sim/.u.  Ill 
.Splki-.M!), 
XuUl.Ml.fJi. 
s.|iiuni|ptli.i'is:i. 
.•^lur.  :l.^:l,:lM,:^.^^,  ::.v;. 

H.|iiari'  Wliilf,  ,ls'_». 

.siiirr  VI. 

.•^I.uiii  - 1« lal.  .mi .  :!"■...  .11.1,  ,11.'i,  :i|n,  ,M7, 34H. 

MiKiirl...if,  l'i'<,:i(ii,,i|i,,|i.i,,)i|  a-ju 

Sn  il/iT  ».L''.l|,'J<.IH 

Tiiiiio,  .T'j, ami.  It.',  wi.  .wi, .MO. 

IVll-f.H.t.llI 

'riiiri.iiif.<'(,:ill,:iH| 

Til  liiiior  H,:c-i,:t76,3.>til,3Sl,3S2,.li)3,:iSl,3.sr>. 

'rillaiui«ik.'W7, 

'I'.iwrr.  .'f'7,  :KS. 

1  iii.|MT'x.:tvj. 

riirn.Wi. 
Twill,  IKS. 
t'lill,.'v"i7,')7'.'. 

rxHui ,  ■.I'j.'s.  i^iti, 'jax. 

Vill,M-.7. 

Walrii.x,  :iii:i, 

Wixi  ( ■..iiii-ul,  :!.sii,  :wi,  :tM2,  .l>o,  :!M. 

\V.-xl,lalil,  Ills. 

\Mmli-,  117, :«!,  riVi,  aVl,  ri(7, 

WImltr  s.  111'.,  1:17. 

Wliil,-,  1 10,  13,  :i(«i,  .117,  :!ll,  :!I7.  Us,  :bi,  ,!,',.■,  307,  Wil, 

Wliilc  Coiikal,  I.IS. 


Itoik,\VlilliiiK,:,T7, 

Wllli.ii(jlil,y,  nil,  |.,i(,  |.jr,. 
\ViUi.n,:ii:i,:|.i|. 

/,.T..,  .vr;. 
KiM'kpiirl,  ■.W,'.".w. 

iiuiiir  for  ('(iliani'vu  Cnvi.,  mf,, 
Kni-kH,  Hariiai-U',  .ii;(. 

'  'iiHlro,  J:l'.i. 

111. I,  V.s. 

UniKiiii,  .lis,  :i:i'.i,  :i.M,:iv.',  :itl|,:!i!7. 

I''imIi,  •.*(h'>,  'Jl'iJi,  21.7,270, 

l'"l.illiry,  'H!.'',  rum,  ,'«i7,,'K),s,  ,',|ij,n|7^ 

Mi-lialf,  US. 

.^Iiliv  171,  172,  2r.',.'l:),  211,217,221  £J7. 

.Misxinn  lliiy,  lis, 

Ni-.Ts,  Kl 

*il»siT\atoiy,  110, 
"III,  2.-.S, 

IN-aiHiils,  .'ilrfi. 

I'iniiai'Ui,  237, 

Uiii'i',  .'ii'ifl, 

.Hial,  1711,  172,  171. 

.>*iNlir,  :i:i,  lll,:i«. 

sii-atn-l.itiit,  ;e.so. 

Tlin-i-  .\ri  li,  1.11,  1  :l.'i,  i:ir., 

rii.i-i.  llriithirs,  l;jl,  l,J,'i,  130. 
N'fiilura,  1.17, 
Whalir,  \:\-. 
^^'illialnslln,  r)ivi, 
Ilockn,  Wilson.  '.i|. 
Wi.lf.  172. 

Itl.l'kHlll.1'.,  iilcil.  s. 

lii.iky  Unit..  Mi.iiTitain,  120.  121,  122.  121. 
Ifinky  (luMi.  2i;i. 
IC.iiky  1.1'iIki'.   .1  I. 

I.i'ariiii;  ami  ilislaiu.-  froni  lii,-hl-liu»si-,  :J1 1, 
li'i.oky  I'liliil.  :i>'. 

ii,iiiii.f..r  llla,kl.,ik  I'ninl,  :l.ss, 
Ivm-ky  l'..ilil.  I'l.iiil  Altrorllii,  im,  102. 

la'aliiiKiiiMl  ili-laiii|.  IriMo  I'liiiil  .ArKlnillo.  Iir.', 
KiMiiTiil  iii'siriiitiiin,  |ii2. 
roast  luir.  IM2. 

Ill  l.r  Kivrii  a  Willi'  I)  rill  in  a  fun.  |02. 
Itocky  I'oint.  I'..iiit  H.in.jia,  I'M,  l'.i2,  220. 
ili-siril.iil. 

^<•a^lll^:  an.l  ilnlan.|.  I..  IViinl  11,,,,       ,  liKlil-liim-c.  I»|, 
liii.\l.iiry  l;,if,  mi, 
liiivl.iiry  I'oiiil,  lul, 
Korky  I'l.iiit.  I'.trl  IiiiroVi'r>  .  .vri,  .'i.m, 
kiHiwii  as  Mi.lilli'  I'.Mnt,  .vri. 
ili'l.lli  1(1"  Wat.  r  lu'ar,  .'i:v», 
buoy  oil'.  \i-''>. 

lii-ariiitciiiiil  ilistami- 1..  \im\  Hiiiiui'Mess  Iii,'iii.h,iiis|.,  raa. 
I'.'ilit  l'arlri(l^;i'..'..ii'.. 
I'liiht  Willi, u  ln;lit-lioiisi.,.\;ii, 
ln!ilriii'lli,ii'<  for  U'kkv  wiatlu'r,  .Viil. 
Hoi'ky  I'l.inl,  .Santa  Mi, una  Hay.  li..  17.1.7, 
IJocky  P.  .int.  Saratoga  l';issa^;i-.  t^i| 
lioiky  I'oiol.  Triiiiilail  llnul,:!:". '11:1.  :ll'.i. 

il.araoti-r  ofiiiail  I'ri.io  Triiii.lail  Ik'uil  to.:!.i7, 

l...r.li'ri-il  liy  riiiky  isl|.l.s.:l'i7. 

ilistanis'  from  Triiililail  lli.iiil,:!:17. 

.hIii.f.'  iiiai'.'fisihli- to  l),,als, :l;i7. 

slii.alslrit.li  ili-.si.ril,fil.:;:r7. 

Nimii.Iiiiiis  ..il'.;vw. 

laarliiK  hikI  iIisIuolv  tii  Hliiiit's  Ki-i'f,  :!:h, 

I  aiii'  .Mi'iiiliuiiio  liKht-liiiiise,  :i3.s, 
lliioil.iililt  lit-lil-lioiisc,:tls. 
UiMl.lin^-'M  li.M'k.  CIS. 
<'ri-si-iMil  City  li;,'lit-liiiiisi.,:tls. 
Capo  (irforil  liKlil-liuu.ii.,:H)i. 
l'*ox  Uoi;k.:iJ5. 
Kfoi^riiiiliicat  luiiitiiin,  ::i.s, 
lua^ni'tii.  varialioii,  :>>8. 
iiaiiii-.l  l>y,:{:i.s.  :l:!'.i. 
laii.lfall  for,  :il'.i. 
iiMixl  lini'  iiorlli  iif,:ilO. 
liiiilf's  I.ai;iiiia.  17:1, 
l!..ili''.i  Valli-y,  I'm. 
Ivmlr's  lii-i-f.  saiila  Kusa  Istuiiil,  su. 
ilesi-ribt:U,'Jl. 


IM 


111*71  1'  f 


■I." 


\n 


7(m; 


INI>K\. 


fl  - 


.i    I 


iuHiL. 


Il.».litrr.'  Itrn>k.  1w,1iC..11ci 

l>l<lili-ii  ilni.Krr    nil 

tll^tAMf**  frnm  *hiirr    ■** 

new  lir«*»k  nii  rlmrt.  .liit 

lir«riiit;  f«ii<l  ili«tAnrr  frofti  IKg  Kt«t    kMl 

I'nilll  ItrlKlwlll,  'M, 

■li'l-lli  of  witirr  I'll.  :<"•' 

>iri'.  am 

riHitii  ti>r  «l«'*titiT"  ti*lwi»rii  Ui>yn<tl«U    lt«H'k  ntui,  .Ti't. 

olritinrro  nhitiilil  kt*i'l>  mil.  kili. 

Ciiiivkilf  ri'«*k  iirur.  kK'> 
ItiHlriiiticf    .limii.  V^ 
liia'  UUikI    .'11 

ItoKiir  lIlMT     UM.  Vi«,   tr.v.   i:  1   1v% 

<r«(Mii«i>  I'l  tiKMiih  friHti  <'jt|M'  '^•liimtmn,  .V.V 
li|i|>**MrHiii'«'  friMii  It  iMiinl  out  .It  ««*fi.   t(<*>. 
I{«>4i||rmpltii  hI  |>t>»Mlnii  o(  iiuttilh.   U'lM, 
rhminrl  ii:»rni\%      >''.• 
.Iiplli  of  »«lrr    k'M 
ui'«tni«  itoii*  for  %T^<M'1«  lo  iMiitT.  W»y. 
vllUier  lit'Hr  till    lllinilh.   Oi 
Irnulli  of    rii 

itH-f,  :r  I 

ilt«*iivrrr.!   .T7I. 

•  tiotr  iiorlttwiinl  fr«»nt    .^2 

Hoi:iii.  uiv.r  lucf  Hi",  .ri,  .T:t,  v<: 

k'(*iii ml  ili'«4  ripiton.  :ri. 

i-hiiiinri  through. 'tTt 

ileplli  of  WKtt-r  iirnillKl.    n 

lil'M'-trfciM-r  from  ii  ili«li»t)i-4*.  'iTI 

U'Hnnt:  wit- 1  'ti«l«ln-<'  frofn  St,  lioorjlr'*  llf*«f  lifctlt.  V\. 
fort  Drfor.l  Il.ii.l.  ITI. 
Koi  KiHk,  !T1. 

Intlitiii  m»f  rlTl, 
Ho«:>rio  Str«it    •.  M't   M«   VW.  V.A   ^TJ. 

'Ir'MTlU-il.  Viit. 

«ailiiii;  <(lrf(-tlon<,  V.J  ^ 

lti>«r<lal.    lio.  k    V;>nroilv.  r  l-lKti'l    Ml.  Mf,.  MT 
I!....    f..rt    .'i:    -M 
Koo  l-illc  h    .I." 
K.w  M..Mt>tiilii.  If'l.  2.tl.3^'>. 

;rt*<»jfr.ltthl«*j»l  |Mt»itloli.  IfiT. 
lUllltktl  AIhI  l:rA«l>    lAll'llnK.  .''•T 

tnt>oriii^  lirirM.  'Jf'i7. 

I.rt«kfr«.  ailT 

kri|>  >.:, 

no  plA<f  to  ri'imir  vo«*«'!t,  V' 
l;oiin>l  '•'.jiD'l    ■^li".tlMAl«-r  lt»y.  177. 
KoiMi'l  K.K  k.  ;--• 

iH-iiriiiK^  lio'l  'liitaiif****  to  iii'iKhlMirinic  hh  kn.S'fi. 

<oiitk<-tt  rtH  k*  iiP)«r    t".' 
IbiiiiHl  ll.p.k.  !«••   IKi   il7,:i»». 

niir  M.\ 

IrH'tiiiK  111  for  tlic  »ii<  liori^^,  ^I.V 

Milnkni  ro«  k«  i|i-i«li-  of.  H'l 

\«-n^ol«  |»*v*»  <  II '•t  or  wr»t  of  :•(% 
Ro'in.l  !:■»  k    I.«>1  Ki.'l  Aiiilinriik-f.'C. 
Itouii.l   lo|.   i:     I?",    r." 
Uoiih.li"!  i'tUii'l   loii'iik  I'.iinl.'iir.' 
lUiVHl  l*«>     Sniir.im-r  I  •Imiil, 'itft,  MT. 
Kuyo  .Xiii  horntji*  J7'*, 
Km  kri  •   IkIkikI    Jtl.  ^1^. 
Kiilr'a  IaikIiiik.  'A*'. 

l.xuK.  n.  riS 

Hlllikfn  TfH  k  nrar,  'iW 

iiiooriiii:  iiililr   JV< 

tiuov,     iV.. 

k.-l|..  2.V,. 
Hill.    Wlii.ky    W  -Rfl. 
ItiiiMx'll  I'oiiit.  KonK  IWiy..T.lU. 
lIiiMiiiii  tiiili  li.  2'>«.  :'-l. 

•  ituali f  ■>l. 

Hiiiik'-ii  roi-k  oiitsiili*  of.  '^l. 

.l(*|ilh  of  unt«T   -*l 

ri'iM.rt«-<l  Hhi-tiuriiKt*.  '2^. 

Iitl 1.   of   iVi 

RuMikii  l*iil<  li  IaiiiUiik.  '•^*■'■- 

iiiiiiiitloii  rtn. 

k<  III  ni-ur.  iVi. 
.Iiiilf,  iV,. 
IliiMiritiK  I'Uoy    -"^1- 
■ullkcll  rm-k  iimr,  'Z^^i. 


ItuaaUii  Ilivrr   Imi.  Ml,  jriii.  iVi,  iVi,  JV.  111. 
roi  kM  o(T  inoiilh  of,  jrk% 
Miiil  Imr  ft«  riiiM  iiioiiih  of.  lit  Hiiminvr,  3fl5, 
rt»»  iif.  r>\ 

I'lMial  Miirvir  •Ullnii.  'J.V\ 
rhAiiiii>l  rock  itt  niiiiltli  tif.  'JfW. 
iiiuiir".  'i-'t^. 
iliiiiM«'r«.  'J.^H. 

Ifyiirr  t  iiKiitlrl.  r^CI. 

nnmi-  fur  ItaUh*  PMMKr,  KXI, 


211 


f<a«niiiii>iilii  chilli  tii'l. 

lilli.T.  .'H 

liAHrillit  4llil  iltiillllirt'  to  roini  IMilli,  '.*1.'1. 
Hoi-  lilitii.l.  .'1.1 
HitcmiiKinto  lllvi-r.  I<i|   .'It  .>:  I  JIJ.  .'t.!.  .'It  JMt,  JtM.S'iU.  till. 

tlilMKl  till'  liiniilli  of,  If  in 
^i«ilill><  lllll   Kmy'a  llitriKir.  t«l. 

li#i«rlllK  itli'l 'lltLHllrf  frnlll   Point  llrowii.  IMI 

Mp|M*limil<-4*  Mt   It  illitllllll'f.    I'll 

Hnil.tlr  Moniitnlh    II.'   IIV  IK'.  Ir.i.  t.Vl,  tALI-ti.  HVx.  171. 

|Ii'oKrH|'lll''Kl    |H)«ltlo|l.  t.Vl. 
.><aii<IU'  l'i<i>k    M7   III   III 

iliKlaniM-  of  Ti«ililHty.  IW. 

Krounii'lili'ill  |MMttliili,  lie 

n|'|ieHrnii<-<'  tii  n  lin/y  iitiiio*«|ihprr.  IfC. 

tw'iltlil.  I"" 
Mail.llp  I'Mk  <'i>i<r  iirroril,  .IWI. 

ll.'iKllt,    l«i 

liMrfiiti  >>i'l  •li'itrtiiK'  from  i'ii|>«  OrfnnI  IIkIiI.  :no. 
S«<l.i:r  roilit.  .'77. 
.Hall  U.Mk.  MiiTpii  •  Ni'tik.  Jfi?.  .1> 
.Ipwrllx-.l.  iii7 
lipArtntc  k'hI  iliHlAitca  from  IImvi'Ii'ii  N>i  k,  'JfiT. 

Ki>li  Ko<!ki,26T. 
krlp  ni'iir  '.''■" 
Kitll  Kopk.  Vr.'nli  lli>y.%2n. 
cl<->.  rllH'il  v.:.!. 
ilpplli  of  wiil»'r  Iirur.  %i'l. 
ShII  Koi'k  Point    HiiiituI  riir    NIaihI   14J.  IST.  1^') 

licArliiK  Aliil  •li<*t«tiiiH>  from  H.iiitn  I  'm/    litclit-houti-.  I  I'l. 
HaIIIIIK  (llrri'tioll'*  Wl*it  I'OH'tl  of  North    \ilii>rlril    lirtWt-l'll    I'ltllMliMl 
mil  ij  i."'ii  I   li  irlollf   NlitiiiU  7 
for  till'  iiorlliiTii  jiitrt  of  .'^itii  Kriftlit  iii'o  Itity.Jll 
San  I'kIiIo  lliiy,  Jtl. 
W.  <  Iporitp  •  <  ImiiiH'l    ai.  iM    IVi, 

wliltti.%%J  • 

ilriith.^'S.' 
rittrimc*'  ViJ 
lipAt  ttiurm'  tliroiiKll.  I'V*. 
iilloali'Nt  wiitrr    I VI 

n^hiirliiil  for  vp^tfN  roiniin;  iiptlip  riiunl .  :IVI. 
HilvmiUncPoii'*  ill  iiorlliW'-^l  wiii'N,  t-VI. 
HI.<i.'orKv  •  !•  Milt  11".  tl".  111.  11-'  ltV:U7.  Il'<.:i"i(),afi0..1«l,  I.H.S'V'.. 
Ml  (ii-onci-i  U'<r  11-  II''  c^-'  tri 
known  11^  lirnKon  K<M>k«  :V\'£ 
Mitimllon.   l^-'. 

Ill  tlip  tnii-k  of  I'OiWtiMtf  ^ti-iiiiipnt.  :C\?. 
iiiinilH'r  of  riM-k«.  I' - 
hrlicht.'nj 
iH'arliltf  »n«l  ill«t»*iii«*  from  I'roniontorv  lloik,  f*'2 

<  riKi-.  Ill  <  lly  liKlit-lioiiir.  Ti'J. 
I  limint- In  Ihroiiwli.  '.Vi'2. 
vltllili*  itiiil  ntinkpii  ilmiKrr*.  'IVI 
IikIiI  lioifr,  ViT'i 
iiiiM(iiplii-  MiriHtioii    'C*~ 
Ht  «l.ori{.    •  I!.-,  f  llulit  hoii...'    Ill,  CVJ.  M    ni,  CV\.W..:)li»    171    177 
•  li»rmttr  of  li^ht  ;1V, 

lu'iK'il'  "^'^i 

nrcofvMliillly.TWl 

llliillof  vialliillly.  IVl 

^roKritpliK'ltl  |i<mltioo.  XVi. 

iiiHKnPtii'  vttrintloii.  Tifi. 

1i«j«iliil{  anil  (llnUiiPi-  Ui  I 'MINI  >fpniliH-llloli^lll-lloiui«.;n5. 

Iliiiiiliolill  Ilitr.liiiiiy.tVi. 

Tiiiiiilnil  lulil  hoiiM.XM. 

It.- lilliiK  Koi  k    IV,. 

Iri'niciil  Illy  liiilit  lioiliM',  ^UMi 

holltliUi'lil  Sa'll   Koi  k,   IA<i. 

I'lii-tko  aiiclniniBr.:fii'l 


[| 


INUKX. 


707 


Ml.  (tpiiriir'<  ll'if  liuht-lioiiiM'    OiiiidrnHil. 

iN'HrillK  "l»'l  tlNliiiiM'  to  CrtiM-  S»  lin^lt(nrT><'> 

<  it|M'  iirriinl  IlKlit  hniuH'i'KA. 
\\>x  ltiKli,:i'>i>. 

Ht    liilin'a  IxUllll.''!". 
>t    s/f|ih»  M.  wrr.  k    Wt 
Hitl   I'ciiiii  l<r>.  |i>>.  m:.  II.!. 
SiillMa><  l.ttlMllitH    I  t'l 

luir  oinlnii  liiiii.  11^ 
MiilliiiiK  I'liliii    iliil-'lH  I'lihili.iVI, 
SiiiliMi>  llivir.  N't.  in.lll 

htlhllUM   ImWII.  I  ts 

Hilliiuin  ll.iiik.  WilKliiiiKliili  Miiilliil,\'>l. 

iH'iiriiiu  mill  iliKlKiii  I'  rniiii  Sim  .Itlllll  Nlillnl,  '>M. 

il*..  rilKMl,  V  I 

IxiM^ittfr  iiriir.  Vil 
SaliiiMii  Itiiv  litnil  niiiiir  for  ^IiIIhIxiW*  ltay,f'i4*l. 
Milltunii  ITitU,  1.".'.JM..'V>. '.TK. 
Miiliiiiili  I  ri-i'k  I'liriiiti  lUI. 
Midiiii.ii  CiiMk  Ciiviv  J"! 
SiiliiiiMi  lli'ixl   Ml  III 

iliMiiiiii-r  rroin  l*li>ilrtl«  IIIiIIK'Uh.  1  M\ 

liiiiriim  mill  ili"liitiii'  friiiM  I'ciiiil  siiTm  Srvmlii,  IKI. 

ill.lilllii'  In  Siiil.i  Moiiiiliilll.  I  HI. 

rill  k>  iiliriiiKt,  I  «i 
!*iiliiiiiii  I'iKk,  r.".i 

lipitiitiK  "ml  illMiiiii'i'  friim  I'ti'ilnvt  llliincUH  liKlilliiinii'.  l?.'. 
Siilmnii  I'l.iiil  r:'. 

Ki'iiuriipliK'iiI  iiimiliiin, -7^1. 
Mill 1  liivir.H"!,  IJV 

kliiiwn  111  Ni'i-lipmit'  IClviT.  IU^. 
Miilniiiii  K'H  k  'ti'- 
MiiMiiirv  I'.iinl.lliMnrnl'iiiuil.lkT.'.O.'n. 

Mull  I'l.iMi,  j.>,.'i.i.'.'ia. 

Mull  I'liiiit  liiiiiliiiK.'JfiO. 

Mull  M|i,iiKli,.lJI.,l-ii. 
Sitnimli  IhIiiihI.  '>7II. 

Miiiiii.li  lilnr.  Hflllin!liMiii  Iliiy.STl. 
ilr)»iriln'il.'»TI. 

.Si1I.1iii1.(,«Im|i.  ITI'v 

-»n  .\iiliiiiliil'rirk,ll«,-'liV 

M.tii    \iiliiiiii>  Moiintmr,  i-li>Miliiill,  V*,iA, 

.S.1I1  .|„«ii,(i.i.    Inirk.l'H.IUI.  I'.n. 

.S'lHi  ,4u!;ii<(im'.'<lii|i,'.!t7. 

Mill!  ItpriDinllllii.  M.  IT. 

Mi\ii  lliTiiunliiiii  Miiiiiittiini.  lainlfiill.'J'.K 

*«iVii  Iti-rniiilii  I  rffk,  -•». 

MUM  llluH  I  \\v\   '.*> 

Man  lln .Mi.niil.iin.  1«7,  WW,  170,  r.*;.  JI7. 

Ki'<>t;ni|ilii<'<>>  ^iiitloh.  Ill 
Man  Hui'iiKH-iiluni.  '<i.  M.  M.  V..  \s.  W  iVJ,  (V.I. 
Svii  UiMMiavfiiliirii  aii<-li>irai;<'  'i-l. 
.Mania  I'.irliaia  I'liuiiixl  ilr^crlliuil.Mi, 'i7. 

laiKlnutrkN,  'wK 

nil  ilaimiTH.  W. 

11.1  ki-lii  v; 

wliaif  iIi-hiTiIm-iI,  Vi. 
liiiMiruiK'4.  ■'>*'■ 
^•^l^r^Mll,.^7. 
H«iila  ll»rl>iira  MiHMi.m,  i;ronra|iliiial  iiiiHilinii, 'i7. 
tiiauni-lii-  varialii»ll,rt7. 
oil  iii|nily,.V,. 
San  Hiii'iiaviMiliini  .Mi-.«iiin,.M. 
Kfiipnipliii'iil  |ii>-itli>n.  !V7. 

nitiKiii-li<    ^  anal ..%7. 

Hunla  IliiiMiiiMnliir.i  I'niiil,  M. 
Mania  Itiirliara  I'lmliiu'l. ''>* 
Man  Hnin.ivi'iitiira  lllvcr.'>.l,S<'i,.'^7,'i1,(i.'l. 
Man  ItiH'iiaviMilnra  wharf.  <l. 
.Siiii  Cii'.n.  mail  liiiat.  :'!'<. 
Mini  (  iiri.iif.irii  I  ri'ik  .  ir..  IJH.  I'.'7. 1'-ll,  I  !!>. 

fiMiHl  hnf  luirlli  iif.  !->*. 
Man  rli-nii-nli-  I. Imiil,  Hl.:I7.llH.ii'.l,  70,  71.7:^,71;.  ■*!,  «I,S.',  S7. 
ili-H.rll.i'.l  71  71, 
liy.lr..i;ni|iliy.7l. 
»liili..nii;.'>',7l,7.'.7;i,7l. 
l{i>nKrA|iliii'al  |iii'4iliitii.7t. 
M«ii    I  lifltii.  H.  1 1,  111.  17.  ,11,  n,'-.  -I,  -7,  M,  U,  C,  13,  IS,  Vi,  iW.  i;i.(,<,  70. 
7r,,  111,  Kx, 'I'.;, 'fi  .Ml, 
rliarl  ii(;t-nl.^t. 

lini'i  iif  "iiiinilinu'iiiir.  1 1. '.'7,  if. 
Wiil»*r  HU|i|ilv.  ■_•*». 
rikin-riill.-ii. 


Hun  PliKo    fiinlliiiii'il. 
wliari  iH  ilfHi  rilii'il,"! 
t'liHiiini  hiiiiHi.  rr^iiluU  iiiH,A17. 
lilliit.lKl'.  >'>I7. 
liiwaur.iitT. 
Sun  DiiKii  llay.'I.',  (W. 
•li'W'rllii'il    III.  17. 
krl|t  nil  I'liliuiicp.  H. 
nil  kniiWn  iliiiiKi'i''*  nttrntninco.  H. 
rriHirlril  ilan^rr  ntVrhlranre,  H, 
liar  a(  inliani'i-,  I-*, 

liri'uk"  nil,  r-ini.  If. 
iliniil  ni  ar  lliillail  I'nillt,  If. 
linw  aviii'lril.  If, 
no  il  in^iT  iimiilr  nf.  \% 

rlir Il  Ml.  If. 

iliinni'i  f'lr  whurfiiKO.  I'.l. 
Iiiiii,\'*  anil  lii'iii-otiH.  I'l.  -0. 

Inm  niiniU-ii>il.'.1i,'JI,«. 
miiliim  iliri'riii.ii"  fnr  I'lili'riiiK.  22,  2.1. 

iii.iiliv  ';i 
iinatimhiii  itatiiiii.  -I. 
11. Ill,  J-. 

Ifi'iiuniiilinal  inMllioiH  In, 'W,  29. 
ram  fall,  -|^ 
tnwiiH,  :i\. 

anilinrnili'  ni'fti  iMilraiirP.  20. 
ili.«iivrrril  aii'l  nimiril,  '_'''i. 
ailjairiil  I'lMintry  lii-Hrrilifil,  2(1. 
U'liarvr-*.  21 

inamn'lir  vjirlallnll,  2%,  2li.  27. 
liili-l  .  Iiarl,  27, 
San  I'ii'k"!  Ilivir.  17.  2i'..2f.29, 
.Man  IHi'iinilii  IJIvi'r,  '.'f.:ill. 

Man  l'.«'i'\Mn.  rnlila  ilf,  Hilll  |liO|;()  Bay,  17,21. 
Mnr.  I'raiiii-i'o.  rili  'I.  I  H' 
S4in  f Villi'-' *C"i.  i-lii'i'rr.  17  t 
Man  rraii'ivi..  7.  II, :r,,,:;,  il,  l.^i.Vi.Ol,  112,07,  Of. 
I'h'irl  iiui'nt.  :i,  ' 

iiitruniiMiiciil  Mtiilinii,'.!. 
iliiaranlini'  n-i;"li«li"n«,  21,  OH. 
ili.i.UHHhin  Ilf  li'li-  r.'r,  2.'>. 
I'lliil  rrk'nlil'lnn".  '•■'''■ 
piirt  riili'i  lui'l  ri>i:iilalliinH,  fill, 
rail-  'iC'In.  kin;''.  0|:l. 
Iii'iillli  1,1"  <  f'lr.  I'.ll. 
ilnly  "fiMiil  wiiiili  n-. Oil. 
Hliil'liink'iiininiiMxli.ncr.  0|,'>. 
|i"li.i'  «ii;imN  ill  liarl.iir  i'f.017. 
piMiullii-  f.ir  ilaniiwini!  laMi's  ill  Imy  "f,  017. 
.Man  I'ran.i-i'n  liar.  |i'.n.  .'no. 
ilflilli..'i»'.,2nf 
li|iiilMli'nlli''l,.'llfl. 
whlTi'  liar  I  an  In'  crnnKOil,  2IK'.. 
raiii!i-<  f'lr  'iv'ii.liin;  llvr-falliom  iiaU.-ln"-'.  200. 
f.inrf'lllinm  niink.J"7. 
HiliialioTi.-1l7. 
lnaikiMll.yliuny!<.2(l7. 

BHI'll  1.11.2117. 

Iiii'iil  nainr.  207. 

wln-ri'  liiink  I'lm  In-  iTiw90il.207. 
I'hnnm'l-  ■"'nll>.'-07. 
Mitnaliiiii.2n7. 
lu.l  Kufi'  wlii'ii  ri.iiKli,207. 
ilmiiii.l.in.iin  »liiii,207. 
-i/i-.-'iC. 
ili-.ril.i'il.21l7. 
Iiui.y.2n7. 
lliannil.lliin«'la.2ll.f. 
..ilnaln.n.'.;iw. 

wlii'ii  ii-i-.l  l.iinlvanlatri'.'JK 
ill  n.irUi«i-i>t  wrailii-r.aiiiiroadics  smooth, 'JOS 
liiinyn  JiH.  Jll 
nil  I'liaiwr  i.f  liar.  .Ilf. 
hiillom  iif.2"f. 

culor  Ilf  wali'r  in  apiir.miliinK.SiH. 
aluli.iriin;  1111,221. 
!i.,<i  I'riiniHii.  liay.  10. 101, 102,170. 
San  l-iam-isiii  IVniiiwilil.  l-'il. 
San  (uil.rirl  Min-Hiiin,  II. 
saiKial.ri.l  Kivir.  :t7.  Ill,  II. 
.San  tiri't;..ri.i  irfi'k.  l-Vi. 
San  li'Jii  Creek,  30. 


u 


I, 

i 


i 


I 


7  (IS 


I.NDKX. 


ri 


'A  I 


^  i  K 


'ill 


.N.in.l4«  Mil.i  Moutil.mi.  .*'.i..l,..4r 

l>t.>ni*4H)  Ml  Miitttltt'  icritutxl  of   Jt% 

Sufi  Jo*'  t  'riM'k  .  1  is. 

SwH  .l.»^'  MiiMit.  m: 

>»n  .1.»m    i'..uit,  in 

"Niii  .?iiiUi  ( "Imnm-l    *«irii  i  .if  lui  «,  "VYi, 

Htn  .liiati  UIiiimI   (  itn.'hUli*  Itiiio.  Wt.  MT. 
>t\u  .liittn  MniintAiit,  in; 

Sun  .Iii«it.  I'.irt    M'.*  vm.  V4f 

S,tn  .Iilftii,  Pitnln  tir,  N»u  IMi'k*'  lUiV    Jl. 

>iin  .Itiaii   K<M  )«   .l*-»i  rit>tMl.  fj 

Srtii  JiiHii  "'ifrr.i    17 

Shu  Juuh  t  Ht»«imiit»  -".'.  »  H    r.' 

>i»ii  .liiiUi  <  *iM*lr«!i*i  .iitt  tiortih:!'.  ■!•  ■«'  iit»Mi   12.  xl. 

ki-l|.  th-l.l  ott.  C 

rvft-rfnf^  I"  "^nn  'uun  !(*►•  k    ti. 

Suit  .luAll   I   H|»iHlrKllO   >ll«Nloii     ii   u) 

Sail  ,Ui«i»  rMi-tM'iiii..  Toii.t.  .V   H    I-'.  t4.  «.«3. 

t;fOk;rurlUi'rtl  |>4Will<*li.  :L1 
Saii  JtiAii  Cnt'^'lmti**  VM!lr>    M  M. 
Siui  I  «.niw..  Ifiv.  r.  II'.  ir.lli.lftn. 
■n.U  I.Ut  If  i  aiM-.  i». 
Sun  t.uw  Kill   Hi 

Srti)  I  ut<i(>Um|M..  lir.  \\2  111. 

Still  Lut!>  l>l)iH|Ht  I  VmiiU>  ,  |t«. 
s*n  I.uU  l>l»(ii|Mi  i'nu'k   It* 
Nm  I,uU  iS.h.t.I'C.li*  Mi.  111.  l:rv. 
Sf.n  I.iiiH  Ury.^y.Si,  tl. 

iii'^TiUsi.  St 

iiil^olcn     El> 
S»ii  I. (11*  K«*\  «    '-^rttlii    .*'.'    »i. 
*Miii  t.M^!)  Ki  y  Moiiit.Kii-  <)i<MrilMMl    .N 

h(it{ht  itii«l  »t;<M>i;iH)>hh»1  |M>Mil:uu  <>1  lu'o  iti>Ul'lc|M'a)tH.  \aw\. 
ft*M*,  .-• 
>An  l.uin  Itcy  llurr.  >.'^J.  '•' 
•v»n  Mi*i'  i»H  t  rvrk  .  '*• 
■*«■»  MiirmtriU  Ilui-r    >" 

Sail  M«rtin,  r»|*.  I'f..  j.C    l;     I  •'.  .,..  M)   !,ll,  n»,  U"*,  iVJ. 
^^Ml  ^t■trtl^.  UIii*  U ,  II. 
Smii  MHrtiti  UtM-k.  lot 

Srtn  Mill.-.,  t'otni.  :,»y.  t.,  li. 

th*^  rl'*»l     il. 

lCf(<^TAplll<  til   ti'Mttlofl,  11. 

'*4t    M»-Uo  \allry    1|. 
Shi.  Mik'»n  I  »<i«ii  ill 
.■b»i>  MikT.if)  Hill.  O 
>*mn  Miiiutl  l-lmt.l   11   I'^AI,  HT.W  W  fif.C  tW.TR,  WV'jt.  ■j.i  y,  w 
s«ii  Miy^'l  I'aMTfti^e  Ur>Knb«d.  ■<>. 'JO.'Jt.U:!  tfl,  W 

■ti/f   ^.< 

•l*l»ih  W. 

k,l|.  ■«. 

foul  |ti-ijiin>t.W 

tMM\u*ti  !«•  \clin*-|«.  91*. 

illn-<  tiKtm  fur  (>Ab«lM^  tht»n|i;h   '■/> 

'•••UII-jMilffI    *''^.  lltl 

?*«Ul*  MM|»hrtMrim    fW. 
ill  «.  nU'.l  T-i  7A. 

k»-i|.i.!r.:-. 

InMrii  ilAiiKfr^  oft    '.'* 

t'    ilrirrffui'liv    7't 

|^f»>Kr"pl"i:wI  |Mf*iL|ii)ii   7^.  74 

Mill  i.ifrutct'  Hii<l  ti.itliur  7%,  7fi. 

t.(l.«  7r. 
Snn  Od.ffru  \  b]|€>     11. 
^>:4ii  tihi^fr'*  .Moiiiila.ii  U'.i'tfud    IL 

4^1  ti|frt([i|. lull  |Mjf>UKjl;'i  nil,  11. 


S(in  ruhto  lii»v.  i:i,  I  '».j--'7.  J:t7.-W,.l.r.t,  Jwi,  Jli. 
I.ll..><,  Jf,». 
^iltiiiiltiii.  -:4». 

.Sfiit  Crtbio  podii'jr.iw.  :ii . 

SHn  IVilrt>,  W.  n.  It. 

Srtii  IV.lro  lij.y.  ,".1.  i'v;w.  r.TT.^l. 

(Uf*i  tiptli'ii  U'lihij*.  ". 

tl«*wri)>tion  iintkiKlitiiirkH,  C    Ih. 

r*'fi>n-ii.«-  u»  tiMiiiiliiiii^  ikii>l  tlnratttiT  'iT  l.iiit*irn.  iw. 

rrfi-riMK'f  \k\  isluiitt^.  i"*. 

rt  f.rt'int-  to  prott'i  iMiM  tiil'en*(l..lH. 

ri'frn'mt'  (••  4liiiii:rr*>,   ».'•..?.>. 

rcftTi'Pi^.  t,,  Url|»  lii'l.l.  W 

ii'firt'iiit'  to  r»N'k>   imli  h.ifJ, 

nfrmiif  it»  ltuov>t.  f.i. 

Ki'iKTui  •witUiii;  ilirtM'ttiMin,  .?,i,  ttt, 

niooriiiu  I<ito>     Ht 

p>iiiikoti  ItHlur  otr  I'.'ni'  ["rriuui.  l"*. 

ri'frrt'iii  *•  lo  I  iirniit .  to, 

n'fiTi'iin   \  »  UDtlumtkt.  Id. 

iiiM''.)orAK*'.  *'* 

>«  IlitU    l<v 

olcrlrii-  hicl^ti  in  I.o*  Aiitf<'l«"«  tn  '"'  (H'iMi.  l'>. 

linrtHir*  ili'KvrtUxl,  44>,  11. 

Iif;hl  tioiiMi*  •lr«4'ri!>fil.  I.*.  M 

lihlht  ^t'UH4v  Mt'ii>;r;i)i)tK-iil  |K>!«tlioit  of.   M. 

t:foKrf»(-liUvil  (xvittioi)  of  Ittfttlttiuit'd  Ulaiul,  l-l. 

ltit<<>H  I :. 

toft,  k  i-oiirilry  iIcm  rilH-'l,  4:.  l). 

|M>ol  r'KiiliiOtinti.  <>ll. 
8an  IV'Ifo  <lniniip|.:iT. '■*■«,  71.  77. 

drm-rilx'il  41.  l^ 

rrforiMu-*'  lo  irtinlfftlK  41. 

iiwtt  l»y  >i'a-ln)»;  Htrumt'rii*.  II. 

M*^'M■ln^•  1.1  wm.t«.  II, 

rrftTcm-v  Itt  '  nirtiit*.  tl.  4^. 

xfU'TK  me  to  t«Mn(»rtn(iirf  of  ■».■»»  \vj»Ut.  ^.^. 

IvfrriMU't'  t(»  foK.  »^ 

rt'frffiuf  to  till*  ImruK*'    '"' 

rt-trrtMH^'  to  k*'i(.   \% 
Han  I'l'ilro  llurtior,  Sai.  l'<-<tro  Itiiy.  ik'Mt  riii()«Mi  In-Ktiis.  i<i 
rrftTfnv  to  i.*UU-'».  40,  11. 
Urttrr  oil  (mt.  41 
■  .■f»rriif»*  1*1  w))Hr\t'N  41. 

fMlhlltf  'llMH  lit  ■:•*,  41 

n'ri-rfii>  V  lo  ki  !|>  i>H(^  IM-H.il. 

Itiiovi  4li-P«t  nl'fl    41.  4.' 

l>fih-«iii,  4- 
Hrtii  (V.Iro  Mill.N  .17  ;l«   N.  II  i%.  (7  fW  Tl  :7. 
.•-•n  IV-.lni  Point. -(l.-wjuii,  li,i,  (UN  X^iA'l,  VH.XV.tiX.'Xr: , 

J4i    J4-* 
S4ti  I'l'ilro  KtMk    I •■.«.».  !1\ 
>«ii  I'islrt.  «)l»-l  KHp    f^ 
San  *iiit'riii(i  I'omi.iir.Xl"'. 
>i»ii  KnfiM'i-  !■•» 

I>i-"li:ni{<l.:iini  |MH*i(iun.  I".* 
■H.iii  IJrtfiu^l  rr*.k  sivrni  <  till,  t(»t  Ion.  %% 
(Mil  SaUmIoi  UUml    -Mi.tH  t'Mw  UUihI  .  *>,  Hs 
Sftn  Hinifon  lUy.  ll.>.  I..'".!.'!. 

flirrt  tloK  of  i-iMtnt    IJIl. 

no  litihirn  lUiiuvni,  l.'l. 

ftCpronctifn  l.'l. 

liin.litiarl.-   I.rj 

h>-irMK"»i')iy.  I::.:  1^. 

vitirtrf  IJ'.'. 

liioortnri  iHioyn.  \'i'i 

iMilui^  ihrf-<-1ion«   \l\ 

'  otiAt  '^'  >  NtMtiii  I    U(<o^ni|>tiirjil  iioAilUHi  of.  |J.t. 

iniMC'*'  itrilltniii,  MA 

ti.lf"    \  ^\ 

li><lr«iK  tM>li>-    nkt'tvti.UI 
SAit  >     1  r>Mnt    \1\    l.'t 

U'Hr  iikhihI  iltit«iu«  fr-in.  Point  Arrn*  H"   U'l. 
I',  lilt  Pt.HiH.i.'l. 

Ki'Dt^ruI  (l<'wri|(l !■•(!.  tJ'J. 
Sun  T'^riKUi  Nluinl.'Ll 
.'^an  \'ini«-iit(*   ^rrovn.  P^t. 
Httn  \\wf.  .Mi»-lon    -t 
Sniiil  ('HI'*     41  >. 

itHiin   For  (  M|»»   Kiwdh'U.  i3>. 
Kni.<'  llnl  ItlnM    H.'  1|.>,  t>i 

ill-*..  iiIh-.I  I.Vi. 

kt'l|rU<.<    <  lorn  .  iVl. 


M 


INliKX. 


709 


).'j,n,-'.s,'a>, 


\ 


Siiliil  Ilill  liliitr     CmiIiimi.cI 

K<'ni;riiplll..ll  piv  .Hull.  lr>". 

U-iiriHK  oiiil  illHlmiif  Id  Pdilil  Aii.iN..    %• 

l'..llll    I'lllllH.   U«l. 

N.iii.l  l-liili.l.  <  ..1huIm;i  Uiv.T.  I.-.7,  ISS.  |IK,  IfiT, 

wiiiihiUhi.  t%^. 

(lem-ribcil.  ITtK. 
Silnl  l.ilho.  I'«l   III. 

SiiikI  r<iint.M,V*,v.i. 

.IcwrllM'd.i'.'. 
Si>n.M..nr  I'..liltTiUiiln<...li  lliiv    111.  IW. 
Suliily  IN. ml,  lin.il  inline  (i.r  \Vi".l  IViiiit,  iWi. 
Siinily  ri>Mil,  liiilf  "f  tli<iri;m.  '-Tl 
lU'wrilH-.l   '>'». 
I..mlil«'r»,"l. 
iuii'!ioni«f  ivtV.  %TI 
Kri>Kmi'lii''Hl  iiiwiliim,  r>TI, 
liiiliuii  iimiK'   571. 
Siinilv  (Niiiil.  I.imiinl  iliiy,  W.>. 
i;f<»tfriipbii'i»l  piisiliiiii.  MW 
Sainly  rniiit.  Sniil.i  Hnsa  Isliiinl.  «'!, '.m.'.il, '>.'>, 
>;»•.. Kriiphicul  pi'-'ilinn,  '.ij 
lii;iuniln-  \iili«tlt>n.  '.'.'. 
.«iinil.>   I'l'int  iillrliiiri'u'i'.  suiilii  Ito.ii  '.-luii.l.t 

m-.i^jriipiiii-til  i»<isttion.  MJ. 
Smiily  i'.niil.  NluiilUviiliT  llMV.  ITS, 
Sniiily  I'oiiil.  Wlii.lli.y  Ulun-l.  M»..i-«i. 
Siinlii  Aim,  ".'>. 
Smilu  Anil  Monntiiitl.  :t'J. :l-'. 
Snnlii  Anil  Kivi-r.  ill.  ill. 
aniln  Ann.  Sntiml.',  ili-"rll.ril,  'J',!, 
Siiiilft  Ann  VjiUi  y,  1" 
Siiiiln  Aim  Win. I,  I" 

Snnin  It.irlinrn,  :>",  ">;i  '•!.  ■•'',  ■'"'.  '•■  ■  ''*■  '-■  '■ '■ 
I'liiirt  nm-iit.  ■'•■ 
•Ii'mtiImmI.  I'll  v.' 
«linrf.lii.ir(lifil.  .V.i 
liiniliniirko,  -Vi. 
(tniliiii:  ilin-rtioii-.  Vi 
nil  iluiiKiT"*.  ■''■' 
k.  Ml.  V.', 
iiniimnii!!-,  V 
ri'Tcn  ini<  111  unl'".  '''■'. 
«linrf.  1*1. 
,Mirrfnl«,  1.11. 

Il|{lilln'n»<'  .li-...Til...l.  I.1'. 
lMlrnln.tiii.il'  '♦111'  i'»"'  '•' 
cliMlrl.   IIkIiIk.  'il 
ti.l.'«.  I.I 
( liiiinir,  I'.l, 
iiii..l..n.i'.l. 
r.ti'ri'ln'c  |.»  Mtiliniill    •■' 
t.-fi'Lin-.'  l....nrlli.|niil..-  wiim-h,  i.I 
Sniiln  lliirliiirn  I  ImnlliO,  '•.  ,ty.  II,  HI  i.*..  i".- 
ricf  .!.■«.  ril>.-l.  ••I. 
([♦•iiHrHlly  il.-wriUil.M. 
onKltTlv  I'litrmi.  <•  ^  1 
rpfrn-iu''-  In  Iwiik,  r..! 
ri-f.Ti'lUf  In  Uwlii.  M 
ki'l|>  ill   >1   M 
rr|M.rt4>(l  liank    r»l. 
ri.rrn'nli,  '»l 
Uiiilninrk"  M 
KKllliinilin'ilinnn     I 
f..|l»,  M. 
wimU,  M.  iVi 
mliivwnmin.  ^^ 
«ii.li.ir»Ki'.«.  -M.  ■>•■•  ^■'.  '•'■ 
ri'fili'iin'  t.i  Hliinii.n.  HI 
ninuni-ln'  Miiinli.ni.  li- 
rnnxl  111"'  Smiln  Kiirlinrn  I..  I'.. ml  •'..i 
l.iniliiit!-.  I'"''' 

liiwMi.Ki  «  IxiNViiii  tin-  iHli.iiiU  i.f, '.« 
\iii»'npii  rn"»uk;>'   '•" 
Snnln  I'm' <  'iBiiml   >W 

Niii  Minni'l  I'llKsnt!'.  "J 
■^niiln  Itnrli.inil'.iun'i     I"" 
Sniiln  llnrlnim  Ulnnil..  Ii.,  •*l.,M,  Vi, 'iT,  v.i.1 
•M,  liifi 
■  lt»iriUil,il. 
k.  Ip  1-1 
li\ilr.iKr"|i''y.'"' 


■      S.lnlii  lli..l.nri  N1iiiiiIm-(  ■..iilinni-.l. 

l|llll|,lTH,  ">t, 

f..t!  Mliinlli'.  I.'ul.  liiii.llnK'>i'iiil  nil.  Iinniiti','*!. 

Kftinrnpliiinl  p.*^il ^'-, 

ir.il,  (..•niinu'.nnil  ilHIiin.i-H  fintii,  si, 

Siiiiln  I'.nrl.iiiii  linlll  Wnniiv  ^-. '•!. '>■' 
ili'Si'l'ili.'.I.IUl. 
rniliiiH  tif  vi.nl. ilily,  I'lH. 
KiM.nriipliiinl  p..-.ili..ii,i.l, 
ti.-niini;.*  mill  ili-.liin<'i*..  fri.tii,  I'.l. 
innnni'ti.   \  nrinlii.n,  I'i . 
Sniiln  llnrliniii  Mi-»i.iii, 'il,  vi  'il, 
>^iiii!ii  Itiiilinrn  r.iiiif,  Sniiln  r.nrlinrn  rh,iii 
Snntn  I'nlntinn.  llnv  ..I, ■_",!, 
Sunln  Cnlnttiui  Islnnil.  I'.'.'.".!.  lr..:l;   II,  II,  I', 
ili'MiTil'i-il,7T  ^11. 
m'o^;rnpIiii-iil  pi.«iIioli,77. 
liyilrnKinpliy,77. 
niicliiirnKi-M.7'',7'.i.  s". 
111.  k.«  mill  .lntit;i'i...7S, 7',*. 
W,  Siiiiln  1  Inrii  lil\t  t.  I'.i.,''!'. '••■.. 

Sniiln  I  Inrn  \  nlli'y.  .n. ''I . 'I'l,  '  ' 
.^-niitii  Cril/.  I,'».  -II. 
!■.'.  Snntn  I'm/ f  linnni'l  iU'**i'riIn'il.  7i*.,  ^i, '.tn, '. 

il.'plli,  '.II 
iint'liurit'.i'.  '.I'I. 
1  iirr.'iil.  '.".1. 

..IH'II.  '.I'I. 

^iiiilnl'ni/ I'k.  l'J."i. 

Simla  I'm/  ilnr'uir,  III'.. 

Hiliinliini.  I II'.. 

wlinrYi'H,  1  li'. 

iiistril.  li.."''  l'*>i'  \r.<~fN.  III'., 
r.l,  tv<.  i'.««.  hi.  y.i.  '.14.  nil.  linmm'.  1 17, 

U.'lp,  1  17. 

liKlil-li.m-ii'.  Ill    r.'J.  117.  111.  Il'.l. 
i;i'.>i:nipllii'ill  pn'*ilinii.  1  17. 
innKlnli'-vnrinlinii,  117, 
In-nriiiK  iiii'i  -li-iai 


Tis,  r>'.i,  r.'j,  r.:!,  r.l,  i'.7,  s;;,  si;,  .ss.  vT. 


,.l..-,i,rji,i;i. .'..', 
i.r.'<,r.'.i.  7 1,  ■'!,'<•<. 


r..iiii  I'liiiiH  lii;lii  li'.in"'  II'- 
M...1M  Inii.liiiK.  1 1"" 
I'njnr..  I.nn.linn,  I  I' 

Snil.,lli'l   Tnilll.   ll'- 
M.inliTy    \li.lii.riii;.',  I  l-^ 


wluMllinu  l.ii 
1.1'nrliii,'  i 


V    ll" 
..I  .lis 


-•nntn  I'm/  linlil  Inni-. 
I'll,  111,  ,-..n'-l'<li'.in«lii|. 
snunni'l  r..liil.  I   ^. 


lis 


v.,  r)7,,'i'.l.  !'<'.. 


.rnu.'« 


ti.l.'H.  lis 
.Sniiln  I'm/  lilninln    I'-' 
<.,  s'.l,  'Jii,  ',1'-'.  '.".  •■''' 
,1,.«,  nlnil.  •<l  ^^ 

liy.lrniirnpliy.  ■>■'' 
ki>lp.  's'l 

.IniliSiTi*    s'. 
hnrlMiri*  nil. I  nn.ln' 
li.li's,  w. 

Smiiiicni/,  I" i.irJll''.  r'l.l'i-i- 

,l,.«.ri^.'.l  111. 
iniiiliimU'i 

,.|in«l  lull-  I"  I'l'iiil  ^1'"  ^''"■^' 
.s»iiln  l.iii'in  M.'iiiilniii'..  I'.;ii.  l'i->.  l>.  1-". '  '"■  I '  ■ 
Hnnln  Mnrnnriln  Itivir.  > 
.sniilii  MnrRii.  riln  Islninl, '.tl 
Snntn  Mnrin  Cliillc.  H'"' 
.Hnnln  Mnrin  M..iiiilniin,  .1.-' 
hi'lKlilliinl"'-'  I"'"''  -"' 
|.f. iuriiplii.nl  p. .sill. .11 
Siiitn  Mnrin  Itu.r,  ll«i 
Sniiln  M»rin  Vnlli'y.lilf..  1117. 

s.iiiln  M n  Hi.  17.  l-i.^L 

■sniiln  Miiiii.  n  nrniyii  Hi   17.  «< 
Sniiln  M.inl.n  Uny.'J'.l  I  '■,  II,  I'l 
.IcsiTipllnll  lll'Kins     I'' 
^.-lii-rnl  liv.ln.i-rnpliy.  If' 
ivli.iri.'i    H'.   I" 
k    Ip,  III 

r.'fi.rin.'i'  In  ilinlKi  rn.  H'.. 
ili'i'lrii'  lltflil"  I"  '  •'"  .^iiml'' 
l.iii.linnrk,   17 
«  iiiil*    17- 


■1,  71'., 


1  I'.l. 


Ilu'.l,-"! 

,.r  liiylii'sl  pi.nk, 


'«!.  si ,  i^l. 


.  vi-i 17. 


f..K-    17. 

nlhiri's  mill  .in.lnnniii'".  17 


n     'u 


ih'     » 


710 


INDK.X. 


f.1i  I    , 


Sikiiln  M.ml.-n  lUy     ('..iillniu'd 
n'f«  rviu-H*  t4>  j»orl,  i~. 

lull's,  is. 

nfciviui-tiisliflicr.  I". 

rffiTriirc  (.1  u-tKH(  iiuil  wnUT    1^ 
Siiiilrt  >l<ihi,a  lljiy  iuu  hiirntit'.  r.i 
Sitila  MiiiiU'H  MiMiiiiuiii,,  n.  I''..  17,  VI.  .'iT 
."^iint.!  Mi>ni.;i  Sirrrii.  f.  1''. 
s«nt.>  M..iii(:i  wiiMl'Kiip.  IT 
Santa  I'iiMl.i    V. 
.^aliln  Kii-ii.  't|. 
Snniii  l;,.w  <  r<ik.  II'.'.  l.M. 

i'<M*l-lin.- from  VJDc  I'riH'k  l<».  IT'. 
Santn  Koii'  l<il»ihl    I'l,  ,M,  .^7,  iv,,  w.  sj.  v».  .n,  •!.■>.  '.i«,  'A>, 

ili>«i nU-il.  «^>  m;i. 

li>«lri»j;riniliy.  *«v. 

k.l|..  .v.i. 

<l«ii|{pr».  '.«i,  J,, 

"•urrfni.  '.'I. 

lint  liitrHt^cii,  91.  ;ij, 

ti'U-.«,  «. 
Snniu  Ui>t«H  l.i'(lKr.  l<r>. 

U.iniii;  i\n.l  ili>l«<i,v  from  Wi-sMiilil  K.nk.  li'J. 

(liiii^crniiK  ;:r<tiii..l  iH-ar.  Ii*".*. 
Santa  rdtn.*-*    VttiuM|trt  Islatiil  ,*«^--l. 

SaMA  Vim-/   >llHM.iti    CI 

.^at.ta  ^  n.  /  Mimihiumii.  M.  CI. 

!^anla  ^  i.iv  .ir  rnnxina  Uimt.  IK'.  Im. 

J^aiilj*  ViK-/  Sii  rrn,  'i7 

Mul.i  VrnT  Vallo)    I'.J.  .',1. 

S.iMtiau>>  Miiiintam   il 

landmark  for  niakitit;  VcwiK.rt  Uji\  ,  .( 
?>»litn4t;>.  IVak.Siirrntlr  .Sal.ta  -Vila  II,  i^ljl  l»i,.lf»Il.  ?.i 
.'»-itth-i;/o,  friKitU*.  ".',  ■.<l,  '.'>. 

.SlrtJl.l^...  9lljp,'.'|H. 

Sarultiifa  rivH«n«f.  '/*■,'.  ''**\  ttt\ 

ilc«< tUmmI  iiimI  cjiti  nt,  'Vlt. 

slinn-'ilnr. '<"" 

nunn-  for.  '<<t 
salt.  II. a,!,  Kixwrl' .Siniil.  V,I..V>I. 
Slt«.ip  Klvir.ClliOial  •  liivrr.  ISI 
.Sttiiiiin  Ivlainl  <an«l  .li'  llaru.  V.'<..VV.i. 'iri',.'Svj. 
kf<>i:ra|>lili'«l  iHiaiUull,  .VW. 

IlK'lt-lloulM'.  .\V.». 

liHvlnin.  V«. 
i|i«.  nlwH  W 
«  li.ira»trr  of  linht.  \Vi 
an  aiiil  iirilil  it(  V|,<ilki1itv.  '**'*\ 
^<-ot:ra|itin  at  piMitinn  -Vii, 
tnnt;nrtii-  variiilion.  '*•> 

Ih  .111111;  and. li»lai.>.  t"  -  unU  lloa.l  imhi    I'rnwr  Kim- 
I'tiint  ItMUrt^.  «c»t.  Vrfi 

I'ohit   IIoUtIj*.  I'Miit.  Viit 

Ilirtli  I'. .int.  Vt' 
I'oml  U'lntt  li->rii..Viil. 
\Vc*l  j'oint  I'lito..  Ulnnil.  Vtfi 
Ilii.'V  oil    VM.-ir.  liank.V.' 
ruinl  l4»%*  rriiii'  'ptt 
Hari'  l»I.  t  oirriiiiil  llaminiind 
Wi-.l  ri„l  ski;.j.«k  Inlet,  Vm. 
Turn  I'.iinl   V'#l. 
Jar»  lltu-l   v<i.      , 
Haucelito  <  ovr.  I-*!. 
lu  atUMt.  tf*>. 

foifl*.  I  111. 

'*|*Hiil^h  natne   !»•». 
S«in^:lit..  rolnt    II'.    U«.  Kl 
.s«un.lf-r»  l4iii(liii|{   i'>   ."fri 

iMMrii'i;  ati.l  iliRiaii.  V  fi.tin  hrrooii  I'nlnt,  3tif*. 
ruliil  Alt- iiK,  Jtx. 

D"  •..%<■   36" 

niuuritiK  l.iioy*  ift'. 

•  tiiuit-lint'  'lewrild'd,  'Jf'>K 

nt-I   '.'»>  .Tn 
fviiiinlrr«  lt<M-f  .''■.• 

N.truiK  uixl  dlKtanit.  fr.iiii  I  > .  r-  .n  r.ii.il.  y,\ 

kr:|.    .«« 

r."k.  jfji, 

fi.lll  itrnilllij.  jr>M 

liuiiki'ii  r.ak  ln-twcn  ili.irf  ami.  JO". 

Iriiidli  .if  jr.i' 

Klii>tlinK  l.iiov   jr/j 

U-ariiiK  an. I  .liataii.'r  frmn  Hanii.l.  r«  l.aM.liiiie  V.'i. 

i'uiiil  .\rci.a  liKlil-li.iuirtv  .* 


Siiii|ii.l  c.ye,  |i:>,  uv 
J<iiii.iiul  irf.k.  U.% 
."^ati.in.'l  l.aiidiiiif,  Jltj, 

aiirli..raKi<.  I  If.. 

iii..iiiliiit  l.n..y».  Ilfi. 
Saii.|ii.l  l'..Mit.  1  r. 

Ualiimiiii.l  .ImtHinr  frnm  Sunia  <  rii/  UkIiI.  H.\ 

krl|.  mar.  HV 
Savaij..  I'rtM'k.  ;»7I. 

name  f.ir  Vkali  Crck.  .171. 
Scaiiiin..ii, .  iliil.  III 

l^.aii.lal  I'l. ml,  .'iaiita  Crin  Inlan.l.  "7.  Hi. 
.".arUiniiii;!.  Hill,  ('oliiinl.ia  Itu-.T,  !'>>.  l.V.i.  |i<i.  |.;s. 

U'arini!  and  ,li,|ai...- frnm  I'.unt    x.latn..    iiiii 

I'ai'.'  I)|«a).|"iintiii.'iit.  It'iil. 

i;...iKrii|iliu'a)  |-,i4iti.in.  I'-l. 

natn.-.«  I.ir.  l'.it 
."♦.atiliri  llcH-l  ^v<  ".•>(, S'yi,.V.iO,.v.i7.  r.'.iH. 

•iltiali.ui,  5:17. 

.I.-.M  ri|.liun.  .V.I7 

liH'al  niiiii...  %V7. 
iV>lnMiii..r  t'rtfk,  i'U. 
■s  li.'.iiirr  (iiilfli    .'i." 

^Hiri.i.'ii  JlarUir   '-...ita  (  ril/  l-lan.l.-T. 
"<>t.ll    I  a|.<..  l^li. 
"...II  H  Crrik.  l-»i,  l.M 
"...ItHlmrKli  l.iwii.  HH. 

!*<.<.tiv » I'oiiit.  .irr 

.••(•a-I  i.'i.  liulili,  ;««. 
na  kM  ijfl*.  .ttlfl. 

Haa-I.i..ii  lt.Hk.<'a|K<  KliiaU-tli  !•.«.  m',. 

.Iri»€'ril'€..l ,  I'.rt 

no  hjild.-n  ilaiiK.-rH  n.  iir.  r.rt. 
M4«-I.i«in  U.«  k    Ui'.t, 

m/r.  •'.'. 

U'ariiiK  an. I  dialain  .'  frnm  Cinicvil  Ui'ik.Hii.l. 

»ilnki.iir.».k   ln«i.U.  ..f  .in*'. 

aand  dun*M«  K'lri-ik^t.  'f.i. 

llviKlti  «if  lull  a|.>i>a<il.  ."^f 

fiirral  tri.'  %  ••  \-  ,'|it  in  kuIi  Iiot.  nr.i. 
St-a-l.uiii  K.H'I; ,.".»...  J.IH   »ii. 

nrar  Utakfiirt  f»»\e.  JV* 

piiiiki'ii  rii.  k  a.iiitli  tif,  ;tiir\. 

H.alllt.-i  l,laii.l    ■•an  M.-iiliw  I.lati.l   .  7C. 

S.«:  i;iii:I.  I  'r.  >;.,..    Inn 

Seal  llarlii.r   Nin  l  li'iinrilo  Nliin.l,  7  ;  71 

.l.'a.-nl.e.I  71 

an.  h..iUKt*.  74 
■•.■al  llarlH.r  I'.ilnt,  .tan  I 'li'lii.nli'  NIan.i.  7  1. 
-.al  Nian.l    .'li  .'II.J|.% 

.s.-al  K(M-k."«'.tl  IlarlHir.  San  (  I.-tni'til.'  Ntaiid.  71 
Sral  It.M  k     IM 

,l,-.«-rllH-,l,;l«l 

■  •.•arlnu  aii'l  .llHtaii..r  fr.ini  raMi*  IC«H-k.  1^1 

'liiti^fr'.  nrar.  im| 
S..ai  HiHk.  l.lfi,  17",  17^,  17'.i.  l-l,  Ji"'..  Jill,  JII..;1J,  ■JI7..'-'I. 
•val  IC.Hkn.  17"  I7J  171. 
■val  l(.i<'ki<.  411.  II.'. 

iliHlati(.«' from  III.-  .Marya  liivi-r.  tVi. 
I  'a|M-  I't'i  |M.(im,  tl.! 
VM'iiiina  lli-a.l^  livrlit  li.'iiii',  ll'J, 

latitnilr.  II.' 

,1.1  lii.l.Irn  .l..ii|{.'r«..n    Hi 

.  Iinratt'-r  ..f  ^liuri-  In  Va.|iiiiia  UlviT.  il'i. 
SraU'.k  Hay.  IIihhI'h  <  an  il   >.!.:.  ivil,  i.in. 

^It'intl..li.  i>ll. 
ili'O.  ri|ill'in    I.  II 
natni-M  for   f^ll. 
■N'aminN.'ii  till-  I'a.'ifl.'  ctiaat,  £tl. 
t \i.'  til  ii.iintH;r    Iti 
.-alli'fail.X'CI. 

Sruiil..  '■<!'.. not, or*. 111". tti. 

■  lU'iVKI. 
Iii.linlr»-i  'i'J. 

.  Iiait  .itit'iit  :.\    .. 
•*.'lHi-Iian.  I  aiH-    l.'<i,  ivl.  ,tv.   u,!,  Hi".  ;iw..  :iri7,  HID,  :rii. .CI.IJi, 
"^i  iT'-lMry  Nl.  t    \  aiu.«iii\  fr  Ulaii.l   51'.' 
■*.li.iln.-    Hf IIiiikIi.iiii  B«>    "'7"  ^71. 
.Hrk.'W  I'l'lnl    <  liillaiii  Hay  t.'l 
Si'inialiiiii'"  Hay  Uiilf  (if  (irttrKla.  .''T''. 

•  lliiati.'ii   t7.V 

lit  a.  ri|itl.ili,  .^7-'^. 

■  1.  i.lli  ..f  wal.'r,  i:\ 


f. 


Ui 


INDKX. 


711 


S<<iuli>liiuni>  Itoy— «'i>iillniica. 
fri'^li  «  ttU-r,  s;o. 

lull'".  ">Tli. 

Ht'rm,  JiliiilxTo.  iiU'il,  Us,  l,V.l,ril7. 
Scvcn-fiM-t  lirnk,  :U:l. 

iM-ivriiiK  ■>ii'l  ■li»li>""-  fi'""  ''-'"'  '"""«■■  ■"•'■ 
lirt'Aki'r>*..U:i. 
Sovi-n  K.Tl  It."  U-  Ntliiiiuw  iDViv  7^. 
**«'yunnir,  >ttniiit,  M'i. 
Slini;  l!."k.  IsJ.W,,  1-<T.J1 1. -'^T. 
,lr«c  nlii'il.  1»7 

iH.ll.mi  i.ir.  iin-k'ill"l. '^"  ,      ,  ,„. 

iM^ur.nK  .ui.l  .l.»l.in,v  u.  Al.ulm/.  Wan,!  1,k.:>  Ii....-',  !«.. 
Anil  K.M  k,  l>7. 
I.ilm'  I'niiil  Inn  wliHlU',  IST 
Siiil..'lil"  w\.:irr.  I'T 
.\ii«i-\  1h1iIUi1.1-"T 
C1»U>"1 '*>-l»l  It"'!'  ''>■  Wlii-iUr.  IKT 
SlulK  K.ick.DnilH  Nliiml.  V'i7. 

iruii  ?4[tiiiint'  oil  -'"N 
Sliiir.iii.l'lulmliH  Itivi-r.  IhI 
Sh,ir|.  lV»k   IJ.  liV 
SImii.  U.H-k.lU.H'-..  ■-■" 

luMiriUK:in.l.li"l"m<.  fr.im  linl.l  li.v.l-.-,.ll  1. 

SIniHtii,  Mimiil.  '•'i7. 

SImIW  lilaiiil.Slt.iU  of  I '.K-a. ■••'••■> 
Mull  I'oiiit    rillaiivok  ll.iy,  lis.  M'.i 
Sl.,.|u.r<'ov.-,J«l..l'l..M-..:!iiT..Hs.:ll'.M:^ 

lintruolio.l-.  r.ircilKTill;;  i"  a  f'K.  -"J''- 

(liMirihcl,  ml. 

uK.Hi.l  mirllnn'si  !,•.•.  Ml 

..1.   ......  ,,11... .Ill- i-i.Tlv  >villi.-r.  nil. 

*lauKfr..iiiall''li'"  ».!'"' s"'"" 

l„.(ri..li..ri-  lo  Vfs*-li  .•nl.Tlliu  i"  a  t.i«    I  '1 

lanilfalN,  I'll. 

lamiiuark...  .till 

ilaiiKcrs.  :!i'l. 

Iiyilniurac'iy  "H'"'- 

.urr.-.i|i.:l".l 
Slii-1111411  lilaii'l. -1'  .    ,    -I- 

.Hliomn^lia...  I-..111.  VaiuM.iv.r  l.l.:ii.l.-.',i,  ,ll,.,l... 

,!^^''!ra...l'lislai.«-  fr..".  Tal..o,li  Ulan.l  1^1.1  lioi.nc,  Ml. 
„i   .r    1,1  ilw  itt»i«anl  of  ■>'-. 
tiaiiii-1  for. '»!-. 
.miil»liol<-  llay.ii.k'i 
mliialioii.'.'^'t. 
.U'wrilad,  «">'•• 
.l.-lilli  of  wat.T  ln.*t>. 
ail.  lior.im'. •'.*>•'. 
Ill,  at  iiaiiu'. '".""''. 
HhiMi.ilf  tr.Tk.rt>.'i 

Sliipl.  nu.oiiluiH-ion.T.ll  San  |-rall.  li..vi.l>         _ 
Ml,l|,«  r.-.-k.  Iii-.tril.'.l.il>»  t'»  imirmur.  i.i  .  .n'-  '.t  ''" 
ri|..ml,ll.illa"t  I'.iliil,  Is, ''•  -'".'-'■ 
^•.,^t.'».  II.  is.Mi.i.'.'.'."-'" 
Kalmouth.  15.1, 101,  IIB. 
I"allliy.-1«- 
llursi  1 '■•. 
llH.iiiii.iii'> 

.Ml.l.'.li' linmnd.W.                                                ,.-  .,.~ 
IT.»i.ll...l7H.I7'.MHI,KMs7.'^l».:lii,:l.,il'< -> 

.Soiitlmin|itt>ii   I  <■.',  l»l  i.'' 
Talr.ill.'" 
Tollva  .IJI.'HW. 

Viiulu.  1  Ci.  I<» 
\Vi-scotl,'JI,'.»'> 
Vrrlia  IllUMlA,  Is^ 
Zuiiina   I7,l''  i<  -T 
Sl,.»Uvat.  r  lUy.  ni,  1.1,  .M.  "V.  i'.^   1.  ^  ''M;-  •"■    '-'*• 
«li,.r,'  111..' rroiiiCapf  liiHa|,i.oiiili"' n'    '•- 

ilcm  ril"-.l   I7'>. 

„ll,„«  .luwllolis  iia.l  i.i.ls  I"  ..av,»«lloll,  l,.S. 

lurr,  lit-  I7'J. 

I.iioyi*   17'.'. 

ll.lia   isl' 
Slioul«.il'i   "  "!"■■  '"'■  '"'•  ,„ 

sli.iaiwaui  l'..iiits  Sli..alwaur  llay,  I... 

^llulTl.  k  Uoi:l.,."J7.K>^ 

U.«r...H  au.l  .lisla....-  f><""  '"•""l  l>>.'lll»''»*ift' 


.S7iii'ir-/.)t,  slcainor,  wrcrk.il,  KV> 
Siili'liaiik  Dairy,  I'l" 
Hi.lii.'y  Islaii.l.  t:aiial  .111  IIar...r..'i''.S7'.>. 
Hlrrra  <  •..ii.-fp.'i. .".'>'■  '■•  •  ''-■ '''  '•''•  "*'• 
Sii'ira  Ma.lri'  Mounlniiis.  :is  1:1,  II. 
SiriraSaiila  Moiii.n.  Is.  I'-'.l.'.l. 
HuTra  Nrvil.la,  :i-'>7. 

Hierra  N.'Vad.;  M.r.iilalli,  UU. 

SiiTia  \.-va.la  I'oiiil.  MX  l.^''.  I'"'- 

Sierra  Sun  .Iuan.:t7. 

Si.Tra  ill'  Santa  ,\na.  .lesiTilii-'l,  -'■'■ 

siiTrii  Santa  l.n.ia.  lis,  l.ir.  Hi. 

Sierra  Siiiita  N  in-/..  .'>7. 

SlKlli.l  I'orl.  -''7- 

l)..arliii;a..'!.li»ian.-.'fr..n  Mav.'il's  Ni-.-k,21,.. 
I'oiiii  .^rciiu, :ii37. 

mnkfii  riM-k  near.  ir.7. 

law-iiiiU  iirar.ii»7. 

1 il  niiiiu'  i*'.7 

Sm-naW.  poli.-i-.  liarl'or  of  San  KraiuMsco,  (117. 

MKiialiilii'w  fr.M'k.l'.il. 

Sikhs  lliv.-r.  :171-.,:1S7.  ,,.,.,  oa- 

l„.,ri,i«  an.l  .listan.e  fr..iu  Cil-.i  ')rf..r.l  liKlit-hoiUiC.  :!■*-. 

wi.llli  of  111. mill.  :ts7. 
l.i.'al  naiiu's  for,  :ls7. 
silil/  Itiv.r.  lil,  til. 

.iHlan.c  Ir.'ui  ''ape  Konlwtallier,  lil. 
,l,.H,riliiMl    til. 


wi.llli  ..f  .-iitraii.-i'.  1-1. 

l.ar.  lil 

tjcottr.|.llical  laisilioli. 


21. 


In. Ill  I'i.-ar.is  lllali.us  llgllt-liouse,  12'J. 

,.   li'i, 

lUmibia  Kiver,  4Ci 


.  i*.'J7 


Strait. 


.-.70. 


lan.linarks.  lil. 
imiiiei  for.  lil 
Silver  IVak    li'.l.  im. 
hearint;  an.l  .l.slaii 
K.-..i!raiilil.Ml  I'oMl 
Sllvle.le  lira..'  l!o>k, 
Siiiii  .Vrroyo.  '.ii. 
Simnuins  rollit.  ill. -I''. 
la-ai-on.-ll 

lieep  water  ii.ar.  ill 
Htieky  li.itl. .111.  ill- 
Sim. .nti.ii  r.,ve.  p..silion,'.il 
anilioriiiie.  '..7. 
kelp.  "7 

f.iiil  uro. 111.1.  ■■'7. 

san.l  .luiieit. '.C.  ,      ,   rl   «• 

Slin.».ii.  Isv.i.SanUi  llarhara,  .le.serilieil,  r.l.b.. 
Sinipt.ni.  eite.l    -"I- 
Sliulair  Islali.l.  Itosarl 
tlcseriln-il,  •"" 
I'lirrentH  near.  r>Oti. 
an.lior.ii;.'.  SW'- 
re.t  ii.-iir.  M.*'' 

niark.'.l  hy  a  Imoy.  .',01. 
SiuHley  s  Klat,  ill.-l"' 

S.r  ,/.."i.<r(j..   fa""l"   I""''-  "■"■''''•  'V 

M...i>tit-ii   Vtl   iJ-V"*,  ■ITU, -Wl). 

'--■« ""''""^•"^'■"';:::;'or;ucaa.;i7.. 

»l/.e,  .17:t.       • 
Sisterlslets.  l!"S'"•"'^"•""■^''■'■ 
>i,ler•sl'olnt.  ll""''"'"'"''''*'" 

suier  lt.1.  k.,:li;l.:lll.:ll''-  ,    ,,. 

la.arin«an.l.l.»ta.u.efr,-niK,aina..Uive 

I  t  re.sient  t  ily.  >U. 

I  sUes,  .114 

l.eiKl'l".  >"•  ,  .,,, 

■leplll  of  .vale'aroilli.l.i"- 

|,isiile..f,:lll. 
..outline  nortli«ar.lfi-..ni.l'> 

'^'-iti;;::';^;:".::';':; -^.- 

,Ua,»,<erofll.e»l».r.  near  iiioiiU..  W-'- 
l«r.  Ill' 

,U|,tii.>r  >i>tiT""  ""■ 

„ii,k.i  r.,.k  iiear-"'i«"'i''>'  '""    ^ 
>;i„niapii..alpositl,:""f'':<»'ll'."*'- 
j  „, ,,^11,1..  ^ariatloll.  111". 

lnle».  II"' 
,1,  |,lli  ..r  water,  H"'' 


.ill. 


I 


ti!. 


i     ^! 


.tJl 


Ni 


W 


'12  INPKX. 


Stuslftw  River— Contitiuoil. 

Imny  nriir  fnlniino  lo.  107. 

litn.hnark.  ItC 
Skft^'t  Uay.tijrj 

»MiIr.iiu-»»  iiirtrkcd  by  l»noy«.*V>J 
Ski  iMMTMtwin  ('riH*k.<'.'l'im'>i)»  llivt^r,  I''.'.  i'".l. 
SkilV  l'.>:nt,'«ni. 

ih'-tjUH  «' from  I'liint  Mi>iiroi',»«iii, 

ilt'l'tii  .»f  wiiU  r  off.  «'"»" 
^kipiiii  k  UliittiN.riiiiii)  (li>  lluro,  Vi-i.  %7I 
Sknhiuui-h  llivcr.  •*:*''. 
Skull  K^t'f.  llH 

Skunk  I'olhl.  Srtnin  llo^  Wlnml.  fiO.  W. '.H  . 
SIa1>  (  riM  k.  Ciw  :wli'  ltt>A<).  12H. 
Slnvm-kft  <  niK*  iVi. 
Stfttf  K-  .  k.  .loliriAon  K  l-o»\ '.>-'. 
sli.I.  K.>,k  m. 
Slij>  Toiiit  i'luJlrtin  !lj»y  Vil 

l«o,*rinn  ttii  I 'li«l4*i!«  t"*  from  Kv<lAk  t  Point  '>2X 

npiK'-ir^uu-o  i\t  ;i  <tiftlaiii  v.  5j.>. 
n-vf  off  -..-I. 
Slnt.».n*.hikoff.  vj. 
MoikIi  riiirk"^    W. 

r..;il  Hatik.r?>.  MX 
I'-a-sUukp  .tjj, 
I'urrkn.  ::JT. 

nookton.'t^r. 

MrN>ilty  d.-iai.  Vil. 
Mnil  i;ivcr.;f>. 
Srtii   :ji    rjj. 
8unuHni*h  ^y*. 

Sniilhw  Tov*-    l»tivvaiiii*l)  lUy,  fi*'? 
Simtli  Il>'jt*l.  \'imi-ouvcr  Nlaiul.  MI, 

nmni'  for  t  'n\*f  t)iuri  h  M  . 
Smith  »  !*iaii"I.  Slnut  of  I'ucm.  Vil 

BJ»[M'iinilli'«'  Hi   i\  vll«it.llUC.  V.l 

iIuriKt'iT*  off.  Vil 
kc'p.  v.l 

ii>:hi-(.oiiT. '»;'.%":  \>.  \i't.  %*«.,  v.i,\\?..v»(,  Vd>.  v.i.rtv, v>4 

fiitumion.  v>; 

t'liiirtt'  Ipr  of  li^^lil.  V.J 

at  I  It  III!  liin;!  <if  vi*ttniity    Vi.' 

^;^■o^:rli|>hl.^^l  p'.hiD.mi   v.: 

IiDiili.rti'    \  :triUtloIi,  *»■'.' 

l>('«riiiK  iiii'l  tli»l«mx"  |.>  Np"  T^titiu'pnr**  If»;tit  liouw  \'>2 
r:«li/  IliH-k  ht:lit  hoiiM-  V.J 
lUit'  K'Kkw  lit{l)t)ioii-<-   ViJ 
ll»<l<ntniitl  hffht  tioiisT- 't.'J 
Trr»I  Iplftii.l,  V,j. 
H.  in  Htuik   vc 

l»iM-.>vrry  Nliin-I    lijrl»l-linii«'.  V.. 
T;iit  of  th<>  Salmon  lUiik.  VS:! 
I>ii\  iImhi  lltM  k   Vii 
l.iiw«on  l.rfltff    'k%J 
I'arlri'l^r  Hunk  bUrk  htioy,  ViJ. 
l*nrtri'lK«'  I'oini  t^*<I  tttmy  %*)'J 

WllHOti    I''-. lit   lli;llt   lloUM*.  Vii 

brftcon  nr»r.  V»2. 

til*  tivi-ri''!  by,  V>2. 
-tinth  •*  I'-nnt  *^»l(inibm  Uivcr  KA  nil. 

ki.ot»n  A*  V<-unii£'<*  l*»iiit.  If'iit 
*^mith  ■*  iJivt-r   ;o   u**  yvi.  i.i.w. 

ttfitrinK  'uid  'U<*l4in«i*  of  inotith  frotn  |*<tjnt  ( Irnr^p.  i'^"*. 

K«>niTiit 'Ipiw  nptlnii  nf  'I'tf. 

wnllh  of  ntoiitli.a> 

tieptb  fff  waliT    t>. 

riM  k>  i>l<<l  al  tilt-  nortl)  p<>ui(  of  nintilli,  VW. 

ri-M  *   tvi. 
*i|uUh  •  Ittvtr  u(Hiii'n»  ofilii-  rin|H|imh,  lo|. 
SitiiiiTKlir  t'ovr.HHn  ''li-nii-nti*  lnhiinl  T-'.T^.*C. 

ilMM-rl'Mtl,?  I. 

kelp  71. 

roi'k,74 

Htx  bornK^.  71. 

fnnh  uaU<r.  71 
Stnii|0(l»r  -  <..vf..  Santa  Crdf  Idlainl,  71.  ^'»  <  *JH. 
Sni'iKuIrt  m*  ovr,  I.ninrnl  l-lnnd   ''>■• 
**liMig>;icr'fc  i  ttve  HIM  hofiit'f.  '«.'*ii  *  Iriiipnti*  Nliiu'l  72- 


Siuinrulrr's  Covo  (indiornvjo,  *H.  **7. 

Sunn  *  ru/  Nlaml,  '*7, 
SnuK  Inland. Slwmlw.itiT  Hay.   I7''-. 
Sn«tt  point.  2M. 
Snako  UiH'k,  llooir**  Cnnal.  t^ti). 
Snakt'lantl  I'oint  I'lOl 

loral  iiiitni*  for  Wat^ak  I'oi  it,  ''p*)!. 
SnohonnMli  Uivcr.  V.»h,  t'rtt. 
Snow  \tountain,   I--. 
Snowy  *  a|M',  l\\ 

s.'lH'ram'H  I'oint.  ITT 

(littiin. .'  from  I'oint  Sur,  IT," 

lo.  ahty  not  imntili-ly  i>\auitne<l,  1j7. 
StMla  MoMiilain,  I.ti). 
Sol.lnrH   llarlH.r.  •/T'*.  iss,  iNy. 
S..l.lM-r  Krank  *  r..int.  'J".*<V 

in'nr  Coikport.  -".••■ 

till  'lantiiT**  oiitHul,.  nf  visiblr  rock  ''    ^Xt. 
Sol.Mia.l  Crock     rcii.!-*.!  iil..^  Creek      lo. 
Solol.'ul    Mountain,  .^anla  Kona    Inlaint,   In-iKlit   atiol  K*'"Kfn|>li 

l>ttHitnin,  'rj 
>tuul»rio  c..\<v  N'ancouvrr  Nla'nl,  ">1I. 

<lc|>tliof  wiitcr   Ml 

nwky  I**)!'!  near,  't|I. 
Somhrio  RiviM.  Vancuvcr  Uland.  r>|'.l..VW.  *»|0,  Mi.  M2. 

Snunuut.  I»ftrk.  l«P.t. 

Stinora  Krcf   I'oint  <inn\illc.  V.«i,  I'.U. 
brrakor-.  *•!. 

.S"iiriMi.<.liii.,  .'!«* 

Sujoina  K>«»k .  I'^** 

S<N>kc  litlct.  V.iiicou\('r  lAlaitil,  'tVJ,  MJ. 

Hitnatiitn   .'VtJ. 

<!r^criUM|.  .MJ 

laii'lruark.  '>IJ. 

sunken  riM-li*  ncur,  M-. 

curriMito,  M_' 

<I«'pth  of  wHtcr,  MJ. 

ili«*'ovcrciI    M  t 
Siiuinl.  liari  lay.  *  w*. 
<  Min/Hli'i«,  ViO, 
Howe,  '\<\, 

>.im»rtnk,  %»« 

I'l.HM-HHion    '»'*7,  VW.  W.  W'*. 

I'uifpt  ■»  .%!■.*.  '>-it.  \Vt.  \r:.  'fcis.  "A  ^T.  .v.m.  .V.ty,  C<t|,  '■.!.•*, 

»VJ1.  t.JM   (VJ*.!. 

(iiiwMi  cimrlollr.  \v*. 
\\  iMbiriutint.  ■•,  %Vt. 
Sttiinilitiie*   tlcc|»-«cH. 

referent  1-  i>l»nr.  '■>. 

ItM-Blltn-*  wlu-re  nin<Ie.  H.  .'7  7",  m*.'.  Hit,,  tK.II'.. 
Ibi.  .Of>  .'W.,  IJt.  .V". 
Soulb  llay  buoy.   IJ*". 

(Iircilntt  ■  Ui  vp^hpU  in  ixiMinK    "-'"' 

bcnnriKv  ami  ilintanec^  to  nflK'blNirint;  obiectt.  -Ti^'. 

.ie|.lh  ..f  %vab'r  nl.  'W, 

K>ntli  \Wtu\   Whilapfth  Itivcr.  I7i;. 
fkiiilb  Cove.  r.r^. 

near  I'aiM-  tirrKory.  P.C 
i1rM'rt)N*<l     {■.'-' 
Htiuth  iV.int,  Santa  Unm\  lnUinl.  <t.'«>.'Jl,'X!. 
Houtb  MiWT     MI 

Soutli  U<H  k.  mMruetion  UUnd,  "'KV 
H<iuth  "^an.!  ilea^l    IrHnerUhir    ►-I. 
Soutliiiinplon  **lnial.l""*   -■^• 
nituatiuti.  I'^' 
nl/e.  (*.> 

baat  walrr  oil,  1^. 
•  iirrenU.  \<* 
in<  r<-njiinK  '»i  •iir.  !*». 
cn<U  iiiarki^l  b*  biutv*   t^. 
|<ui>y  nil  •MOillirrn  mt\*i,  1^* 

l»C(innK  and  •lf»*a*i«»a'»  Kp'I  II'k*,  I*' 

Totnt  *  aiii|itM  II.  IJ 
Itrotik*  t-laiHl    l-M 
Mark.  I  Htrpet  W  barf,  i-ty. 
llloMr.ni  |{<H  k    IM 


leal 


'f 


IV.,  i-i-.  :':i 


H 


b(lo>  on  rii> 
U'ariiiK 


■  •I  «iwlan<^  ti 


ItilOV  on    ■MMlllM-nt  l^fHl     t^ 

\nK'''  l"'Hti*l.  I'*i. 

Itltllt      I'OH^I       l'.«l. 

Hm\  Uiwk.  IW; 


INIH'.X. 


718 


rfti'liu-ul 


I.  r.m.ci'.). 


i.-,,  r.H,  n. 


.•talk 


SiiTilliiim|>("n  SlinnI    Conliniioil. 

hiioy  <iii  iMirtlHTii  Pill!     i'ontiiniiMl. 

iM'iiriiiK  mill  illiliiii.i'  III  I'.iiul  l!ii  luiiimil.  I'.«i. 
riiitKi'^.  *'■"'- 
wrrrk**    !'."». 
Siiiillnii.rlli    I'liiiil.  I'.W 
Si.iilhriiMt  iiiii-ln'r«Kf.  Siinlii  lliiin  IhIivmiI,  VI. 

,1.-1  rill.  il.  '.IJ. 
S.iiilln-ii"l  llliiik  Uiii  U.  :wii,:lv.'. 

ilcHirilii'il,   isll. 

doplli  of  wiUt-r  urnimil.   Wi. 

iiiiirliiKK  mill  •lii.tiiiiri"'  I.I  iii'iulili.iiii.k'  riirkn.  :i*l 

liri'nk  iH'iir,  :wi. 
SduIIiimiiI  I'miilliii.  Nl.  I.  I'lT.  ■-'-'■.'. 

Miliiiili.'ii   I'lT 

ilinlmiii-  fniiii  till'  lii.liliMi  linti-,1'17. 

Ili-i|;lil.l'i7,  I'.W. 

Hra  liinii,  I'.w. 

tiini.rjiiu  IniiiV,  I'.li. 

IllllilillK".  I'"-- 

(iiKlnii'liiMiH  til  vr«wl»  ni-iirini;.  I'.i". 

fiiK.  I'"- 

il;lllHiT<.  I'l''. 

«niliiiu-'llri'i'lii.nH.  :iJ.  Jiri. 
Ilurnt  sliiiiil.  I'.i-.i. 
MWPll.  I'.'.l. 

I'lirriMitH.  l'.**.!. 
iIi'i'p-Hrii  Hoiiniliiii;!*.  I'l^l.  I'-i'-*  ■ 
tiili-.l'i'.i. 

liKiii  iiiiii-i-,  iin-.,i7t.i',i.!,i'i7.i'J'i. -Ml.  J"-j.':hi.'.:it..;h.--i. ■-•'■■-■ 

ili'Ki  rilii'il.  1'.'.'. 
Iiiiiil  iif  vi»il.ililv   .'ml 
i;i>i.i;riil.liini!  piiiilinn. -ill. 
iiiiiu-iii'lii'  vmiiilMii.  '-l"i. 

I.ianiiit  mill  .li-liini.'  In  I'.iint  .\rolln  lii;lil-lniil«i'.'.1». 
Il.i.li-U.i  lli'iiil  ■-<»' 
rninl  licyri*  llKlil-lioH"*'. '.!""■ 
Nii.ili.liiy  ISi.rk,  J»i. 
Niirlh  ]*"ftriilliiin''i,  -ii'. 
Mi.lilli-  Kmiilli.ii.-'i'i. 
I'l.ilit  11. .11.  I  1  liKlil-liiiuw.  '-1>i 
I'.irl  I'l.llll  llKlll-lliilWl'.-'KI. 
I'liiiil  Miintiini  fi>K-»lii«llp.  jm. 
roK-wlii«tllV-f«l. 

ilwUiiii-i-  lii-iiril  mil  kii.'Wii.  J'"'. 
SoulliiTii  I'liiiii.  Sun  riihu-iiii'  l-liiiiil.  T.'.T:1. 
ili>i«ril>»*il.  TJ 
m'.innil.llii-iil  iHiiiliii'i.  ~- 
Siiilttirni  I'm-lllr  Uuilrim.l.   in    11 
Siiullili'ii-I.  I-"*. 

S..iilliivi-1  Nlmiil    UiiwiriiiSlr.iil.   ifi".  'X'A 
hiiiiUiivriit  S4M1I  Itiirk.  .IM.   l-'il,  -l-''''- 

U-iiriiik-miilil'"'^""'   fi-'""'  "- '  '  ilylilllit-limi"-.  I"- 

l'i..iii..iili.r>    Kiiik.  .I'lH 
N.irllli\.-I  Si  ,ll  Win  k.  :l'i.l. 
Ilfinlll.    Ill 

iipiM-mmiri'  III  a  ili*imifi'.  :i  ■  > 
(li'l.tli  ..f  wiiliT  iir.miiil.  :vM 

iK^uriiiui  mill  ili«li>iii<-  I iKliliiiruin  ilmiKirs,  Ti:!, 

siiiuii  Kill  k.  Ill 

iK-iirmumul  .Ililmu'P  Iri'iii  1'' '  1"'  U'"  I-.  "' 

NUiiiliT  l.lmi'l.  111. 
ILirfiinl  Wh.irf,  111. 
Wl.ili'  Kiiik,  111 
-imiu-li  llmik.  Uiirnii'l  Inlit   ■'>''• 
1, 11. 1.1  nil-  '■■'■i. 

K.-iil!rupliiiiil  liiinilliiii.  ■|'<-l 
S|iniiiiti  l-'lal.  H**'. 

ili«lmiiii  (riini  I'lK  I'l"'     '"' 

lifiuiiiK  luiililiilmii'i-  Iriiiii  !• I  HilKii'l'i.  ''•'■ 

lliiilli-y'-i  Hill  I'liili  "'    ""' 
Si.ii.iwli  mil.  «"'■. 
-piiiinlitiiwll,  I'l'.i. 
Si. Ik.-  Itixk.  I'.iiiiliif  .\ri  lii-«.  il'i 

Spuiill.-H,  mi  ...l"f'-"«"«""-'-l''>'""l"""' ""'""""■" "*"• 

unit  plmlntj  lit.  i-M 
Hpll,  (liilitliip,  ri-'. 
rmiiiliill.Vii. 
Miiyliir  ».  '<'-' 
rnyliir  •  MV-i. 
i*i>tiltiliv  'iT'i. 
Uii>vprliiiu..'i''>l. 
Wlilllill.  'ill 
Splil  Kill  k.  111. 


Hplii  Uoik.  ilislnnro  from  (lolil  liliifT,  rtll. 

I'lipr  I'.li/alil'lli.  I'll, 
ilirilmii'i'  rriiiii  llir  riipi-.  I'll. 
li^.rilKvl.  I'.il. 
Spur  .MiHiiitilili.  -.'i'.' 

>;i',.K'ni|.lii.iil  p.i.iilliiii,  'JV.I. 
Siiiiiiiiiiili  lliirlnr.  IliiiMrHt'llim'.,  I'.'!:!. 
Hilillllinli,  (Vi:!. 
ilrHrriptiiili.  IV'S:!, 
riH'kn  III  ciitrmifi'.  'i-l.'^. 
Si|iiiinii»li  Riiikn.  IIiiiiirnCllllul.  ivn. 
Sipmri'  Whiti'  Utiik,  -1*.' 

liniriiiK  iiivl  .lutiuio.-  fr..lii  Tiil.li-  Unpk.  Its';. 
iiLihinurrsliillii'  ivi'itwiiril.'WJ. 
sipi.. 11111111-11  WiviT.  r.'.l'.i,  mil. 
Sliir  Ui.ik.  :!.Vl,:l'il. :!.").  :i.V.. 
nituiitiiiii..l.'il. 
Iil'IkIiI.  l-'il. 
Hizc.  ^"il 
ili'ptli  of  willi'r  iiriHiii.l     '.'.I. 

tii-iiriiii:  mill  ili-lal friiiii  Cri-iiiMil  Cily  liKlil-liiiUHi-.  :VH. 

I' iiitiiry  l;i.i'k.:l.".4. 

Hri.wii   l!mk.  :l.'il. 
loi'iil  imiiii'  l'"oiir-iiiiU'  Km'k.  ;'-'ii. 
HtiiikiMi  roi'k  tmrlli.  Xi\, 
dfptli  iif  iviitpr  iiroiiiiil.  t-'il. 

SfltrlitliJ.  HrlllHJIHT,  'i.'il. 

sliirr  Kiiik.  lii'i'"        ....   ..iiy,  r>Tl. 

ilintmu'r    inm  shnrr.  "iTI 
depth  i)f  .    vliT  on  miil  iirouiiil.  ."i71 . 
Iii'iiriiii;  mill  iliHlaiiri'i  to  iH-iulil'ni'i'ii^  uliji'.  |i.  *"!. 
luarki'il  liy  a  liimy.  "I. 
SUUi-  la««,  ri-fiTfiii-i-  III  ri-k'iir.l  l"  iiuli  In  iiaviu-almii.  1". 
Slutiiiii.  lirriit  Canpftr,  >'•. 
sicam-liiml  Uiiik.:iiil.  ■.ii'.i.;il.'i.  '.Iii.:il7.::i'*. 
Hizr,  :!I7. 
f.ml  ^riiiinil.  iI7. 
lii'UriliK  ami  ili-laii.  .•  frmii  Kniiiiil  Riii'k.:!l7. 

t  ri'.Hii'lil  liKllt,  .117. 
ili'ptll  nf  wiltrr  lirnllllil.  :'.17. 
milikiiil  riiikn.  Ill  till'  «i'«t«Hr.l,  .117. 
SliMiiii-liiiill  liiiik,  il  1. 

ilistatui'  rriiiii  nhiiri-.  ^n. 

lirariiiK  ami  ili»laiui-  Ir.iiii  tlii'  liKlitli.iiisi-.  ;ll:!. 
-i/f.  ill. 
Strani-liiiiil  liiiiks.  iiii'. 

ili'niTilaiil.  .Ml. 
SliMiriiK  IlliilV,  liray'i  llarlmr.  Kl 
Sti-fli'i  l.miiliilK.  -•i7 

Sl.'ilaciiiilii.  I'lik'rl  S iil.lVJli.r.JJ.iiJl 

iippr..rtiln"*  til.  ''-" 

iiirri-lllH  111.  I'.-l. 
tiili'-.  li-I. 
sli-ihiiiii.in.  I'lirl.  iV-1. 
SliMluiiiiiiii  Uivi  T.  iJl 

kiiiiwii  111  rliamln'rn  Cri-i-k.  ■■■-I. 
aniliiirai;!-  in  fmlit  ii(.  I'.-l. 
Sl.-viMii.  Flirt.  I.VJ.  |-.\  |i»l.  nil.  111-.'.  Miii.  Ii>* 
Slrivarl'i^  I'liint.  -•''-. 

l.i-ariiiK  anil  lli^lmll•l■  lr..ni  ll,.r.i-.liiir  r.iinl,  »:. 

r I    Mi'iia,  Jii-'. 

ilmrarliT  uf  Hliuri-,  -1.-. 
ml  ilaiiKiTi.  JW 
krlp  iii'iir.  '-li-. 
laiiilini;.  ■-'•'-■ 

il.—iriliiil,  '-'"'.*. 
siinki-n  rill  k-.  'Jii'-. 

-liTiki'ii  liiliiy  lii'l«i-rn,  JiV-'. 
ileptli  nf  iv.iirr   Jii.'. 
nuniriiiK  lilM'.i.-li'- 
liri'ukiM-H.  JiVI. 
liiiUiiln.  .'1..!. 
.Htcwnrl'i  I'liinl  I. ami  nut.  Jii'.'. 
SliHai|iiaiiii»li  lilii'i'.'i'.'^. '''■I'-'. 
.stillwalrr  Covi-.-.'i'.i.Ji'iii. 

,  ..i.lni.l.  il  miiliiiraifP.'-Vill. 
iin-lii'ltiMi-il.'.''" 
iiiiiiirinK  Hiii'i,  Ji'i. 
niiiiiriiiK  liiiuyn,  .'ii<i. 
liiittiini.Jfi". 
il.pih  nf  «aH'r.::rii>. 
iniili-rtiiw.'-'iii" 
StillHi'll  liiilili, --■-'• 

SllllMcIl  I'liiUl.-HI. 


714 


1M»KX. 


i?    ' 


b4 


Stillwrll  Voml     (  omiiuir*!. 
hrlKlll.>I. 
iN-rtntiK  itit'l  ilittntiif  from  Iti^  ( « itUh.  i'^l . 

I.iillc  Kivrr  llurUtr  Z'^l. 

Hlrt  Mil  iHtTtIi«isl  «i.lr.  ."'•1 
St. .11  \    riiiivei-.  .  hurt  ilK«-'>t'*.    '■ 
Sl*»iil«  lnn.«'ii,  lit' 

niiv  :i<> 

xituiilhill.   >llV 

Stoii>  riiiiit.  SlioHlwHif-r  lUy.  i:<«. 
tU'H.  riU>l.  »> 
U-itrinu  tiii<l  iliHiHiii «'  iioiii  till-  lii^lit  hoiini>   17*1. 

I  I'.uilHll*  r  I'uint.CM. 
>irnn.»  luittiitiit.  S^-* 

Mr.»it  o!  .Iiiii.  lU'    lMi.;i.  I'..  III.  (1^.  {:■.'.  i.M.:-^.:>l.l.Mt..r.l7Ms 
\'v'>i  S'.'*!.  y.ny, 

«iluati(iii,  M**. 
(le-M  ril'ctl.M'*. 

wiMtN  mill  riiin,5Jt>. 

furrt'iii^.  s  W. 

ril.l..r.Uu'ii»  in.'J'iTi. 

-^.iitlur).  ^hort-  of.'ilil. 

iiurtliiTii  *Iiiirr  of.  Vl**. 

IwnkH  tui>l   tiil<l«(>f  ktl|t  tn  V. !.  V>4. 

ciiiiiiiu'U  unit   (itruib>  *<(   I'lpluriMl.  VVV  :►",.%«('.  V>4, 
Itilot  l*w«'.  *»7V. 
Mrftit.  Kari|uim"«  1?-'.  Jl".  JtUJtJ  Jt^J^^. 
-Irnit.UmtiM.n.  177, 1 Ty.  l?«i.  InJ.  l-*!.  l-c.*,  Jlf..  JA  :->,  :41.J4T. 
r-lritit.  Kosttrin  ^  Ms.Mi.  Vt*.  Vrft.'iTJ. 
SlrHwUrry  llay,  *  yprt'*«  Iwlaii'l.  VV'i 
SlnrU  Kivi T    UV|. 

stri|M.i  pcjtk.M*  '•-'('.'>.'■■'  \::. 

\>i  .\t\nii  mul  tlintiuuf  frmii  I'iHur  l*i»ntM'>. 

when  fMrii,ft3V 

w  hy  iiauH  tl..VJ»i 
Stuurt  I»l«nil  Cmml  il"  Hftni.  W..Wt.  S73. 

«lrs4ri»»tMl.  W* 

►;f<'k:raiil»n-al   |H»*ilntii   *»'•'.> 
Stu.irt    P.iiiit    Ivl,  1*1. 
Mur^n'on  ItHiik    <Milf  t>f  *tfurt.ii*,  '>7'.*  V**! . 'C-i. 

•  U-*  ril-*'*!,  ^7^^. 

(li'iali  of  wMliTon,  '»7:*. 

t  urn'iilB.  ■'■7'.'. 
Suldiiitniip  V»llfy..»v.  tlO. 

N('W|Hirt  lUy.  3ri. 

I'nint  Miigu   M. 

MuMIi*  Point    M 

Piiiiit  Mu«  "'iiie    '•-'. 
>iitiit  l«lun>l   i.W'   .U*  llari-.  VV*.  w* ->:;i. 

Stni.it  L'ttf  ■  '<•  ...w'.n     )  Jtlulic*'  iBlaitd    V.J. 
>*ig  ir  1  •Mtf  IVtik.  HhiiIh  (  rii/  i<iliiit<l    Hf* 
^^^KA'  >  '-*''  HiM-k,  Xtl.  111.  31  (.  til,  rjii. 

ft|>t<t  «»r»:it'e,  .III 

t<<-ai  i  -A  •^ii*!  (hot. til  fit  fiutti  <  .k|H-  M<  iitt<<(  int»  tiK>>l    tM 

siitinr  l<(Mif  lU>t-k    I'oiiii  Iti'ytn.  I'.** 
Sui-Mi  iU}-.  'i;!7.^U   il**. 

tlt*SirilMil.  '2tL 

('   ;>tti  »f  x%ater,  Jit. 

mi'U  I"  th<'  niiviK'.»tii>ti  '<(   JU. 

(iftiltiiK  iIirtH  ttuii'«  fxr,  il'i. 
Suuiiiu  ('rrek.:fl-'l, ^4f>. 

Iiuu>    2i^.  'il''> 
>ui|>'iNr.  I>«riii,'il\  JM. 

•^iilphiir  Tenk   ill. 
Humiiitl  of  UkIkc  :rjO. 

lM'«riii|£  uimI  iIuImii*-«'  rrittii  <  jipi  iHfor<t  llij>it    f,»K 
S\m%,'%  M.oitit.tih  Hv. 

iMur^itK  it'i'l 'li"!*'!' •   from  stimtiiM    Uiv*  r   U'C. 

•^iir  ruiiil.  II).  iri.  im.  1  M.  I  tJ  Iti.  Ill   l^-^.Ml   IVi. 
Siir  KiM  t.  l-ii. 

luichuruK*'  t  -I 

tiuw  to  rem  U.  I  ;>. 

K«lM'**ur,  ]  a. 

1>euriii»£  mull  •ll^  nrue  frMin  I'nlnl  Sur,  1X1. 

MiiiKiiftit  \  iiriittM'ti  I  :| 
Suuin  .l^l|/•ll/,  wli»l*-r.  l'»i. 
**<i»M»ii,  I'l.ri. 'MH.'dli 

H.jtt..  1  t  t.-i-k    l"7. 
huyituuu  luUutiia.  I  Jl. 


**ni'n,  Krrmm  Krniu  it.  o  ilr  In,  .It".,  ;W. 
.'^\\iiti*<4Hi  t  Ititiirii-I.t'iiiiiil  «li'  lliin*  V'-'.^■*l. 

Swti iIhIi  SIntiKlt.  '>'•« 

SwilV*  I<*laiitl.('(irtr«  |ljii)k.7i). 

SwilJUTHl'Inilr    -"l! 

lot  til  tirtiiM"  for  \\  I'Hiport.  l**.*'!. 
Suit/,  r  t  Kork   ■-•'.»  I. -".H. 

••I/*'   -VM 

iHMiriiiK  itinl  ■ll'*latH't*  from  \Vi«il|Hirt .  L".'!. 

lh'|ltll  of    WltttM    Itlntitl-    ."'I 

«liinl  Im'ui-Ii  iM'rtr.  -.»l 

(•n'«-kN  hiltr  inllr  .lioI.iMl     Ml 

foul  hotlotii  iH'Ini-.ii  MmU  til-  I'.-iiil  iuhI  -.»1. 
*»>  lopmli  t'rrrk  'i-t.% 
^vni>p«i!»  of  tlir  I 'uikU  y  Hliij'iMiii;  I*' '   '**'». 

T. 

r»i.i.'  iiiuir  3.'i,  l■-'■J..l.■:...-> 
thNtHll«t'  frttin  (':i|M-  l-oi  llMUI<t.   i'JJ. 

Illutit  «  \Wv(,  .f2Z. 
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kt-iji  iu;»r.  ^-'J 
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rnii^y  I 'r<-i'k.<'i>liiiiiliiu  ltiv«r  i''*y 

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.  Miriiilnoir  I'" 

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f;i>i>^ril)>lil<'iil  |>oHlliitli,  Ml. 
lutiKiirtK  xuniiiinn,  M'. 

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(iiif  liri'Kiiry  Imhl  Imiii«i'..'i1'i. 
Ya<|iiiii>l  IliFiiN  linlil  li"""''.''!''- 
lilluMiiMik    Unik    lik'lil  lii.usc. jl:>. 
('ii|ii'  |ii»ji|iiMiiiilni>  hi  liglit  li'm^.c. 

5ir. 
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nniilillii  U.Ml',  .M.-.. 
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foK!il|timl,.M'>. 
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krlp  mirdic.f.'.sl. 
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llin.p  \r.l.  II. ...ks.  |:!l,  |:l.".,  l;i''. 

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.liiliiiiri' fniiu  I  .ipt.  ,Mturi:M,  i^."}. 

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li.w  r.i.kM  luMir.  If., 
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l.iariiiK  anil  .listiin.i- I.I  Waa.l.l.ili  l»laii.l,.'iii. 
rlir.c  I'l.-..  I'.iii.l.  (■.iliiinlim  liiv.T,  I'll,  H'.l. 
.  Iml.lii'l  n.-ar,  l.'.l. 
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ill«lai.ir  fruiii  I'liriorl.iril  Ili.ail,.r7'i. 
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l.i'ariiiK  a. ..I  ilislaii.  r  fi'..in  ''ai"'  Mearc9,4:!7. 

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a|ipriiiv.  Ii.»  fri'f  1......  .lanniMS.  I3H. 

.Uptll  nf  water,  |::s. 
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wiilinB'liro.-li.ius.  Il'.i. 

ihIik.  i;;.. 

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iiaiiit'M  for,  I  111. 
iliart.H.if,  nil. 
Tillalii...ik  ll.-ail,  W.  lu-i,  11.1,  ir.   l.-.l,  l.'.l,  l-.s.  li;-,  I'.'.'.  171. 

lIl-lMllM'll      ll.'l 

appriuiiin.-  at  a  .lintaiiff,  ir»- 
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Ki.iurai.l.unl  puiili..ii.  117. 

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llBlit-l  ..111..-  mi  I'ii.iiiW.  I!.ak,2:.i,,17'.i.:i..v..  Iin.  IJO.  IJIM'.:..  1-. 
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clinrii.nr  uf  lii;l.t.  117. 
an' an. I  In. .it  .'I'  vi-iliility.  Il<. 
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liearilii.'ii"d'li»la,Kol.ii  a,..-  Orf..r.l  licht-li,..isi..  11... 
I'ai...  (ir.-u.irvliKl.t-lK.iisi-,  H'-'- 
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k.  i)..  -y*'- 

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nv-l.rvill.-.4r.   I7r.  I7'.',  4'*0. 

I'lijiiro   14'v 

I'liik.r-l.iiruli  T.»i 

IVIri.liH    i" 

I'lni*  lirovr.  -•VI. 

p.irt  Mnili-.ii  '"1. 

tjlllln'lic  'i^t'i 
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Saii  MliiU'-l.  111. 
Sun  Uafa.'l    Wi- 
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S.'liiiiiiP  "iT".  .''71 

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South  r.«'ml.  471".. 

s.iiiih|~irt  TJ" 

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T..ii'<io  4r' 

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ri«ala.ly.<rtl,fi"l. 

Vaii.oiivrr.'i^I. 

W.ilillK.rl    111. 

Wat-MitiMlli'.  14'V. 

W.-Htpiirt.-Ti'. 

Wlialp.iiii  WI.871. 
;  Wo<hI...4."J. 

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j      Ti.«  "■"•'">    I'orl.'.'v'  '.'■'-'.■•>•'"  'I'.'V.l'-iJ. 
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•rraii.|iiill.iii  MiiMiitain   1'"'  l"l- 
Tra-k  I  r.-.-k    rillnmook  Hay   l.tl 
Inliliv   I'.. ml,'''. 


II 


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Trlul  Maiiil. ••!'.. MT.MH.MtO. 

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Trini. 1,1.1  lliiv    -Jl  .IJ-.  tU. 
illllillloll.  ■i'\. 

till  hiiiiliii  'ImiK'T"  in  iippriKu  111  ■«,  :V(I. 
niifi-  iiininiir  um'liiiriiKi'.   'H 

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riii-ky  i-irti  in  llif  '•**>■  '-''■ 

iippriiiicllfi.  "i^II. 

iliiiiurii.  ■I"*. 
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ti.lrH.:ul. 
,l,.,„v.ii.li.y,  '.i.-. 

Iiyilro^iiipliy  III  lliiMililii-..ililii-<  .ni-,, 
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liinriiiK  .iii'l  .li-liinii'  111""  '  "I"'  MiMiilii.  inn.  01. 

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nii-kv  i«li-l«iilV,  i.il. 

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nitiiiiti. 111. ^1.11. 
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iH-iiriiiK  11". 1  ili-t.>ii"- 1"  I'.liiiil  ■•  I!'-''!'  ^•'*- 

II Iiiil.li  Imhi  li.iiisi.aTi. 

Iliiiuiiiilil'  wliniUut;  liii.iy,  ! 
nil  f.iK  r'iKiml.'"*'. 
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ilOT,K„.,i  Miuii.lMiK-  l.i  111-  winuvuril,  IW. 

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Tiiiiiiy  ItiviT.  il'i, 

rr...ll   l.ilki-.  I1I11111' f.ir  l'<'^'l''*  •  "l^"''  '-''• 

■r,ilik I.iik.'.  lii'i. 

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lliiiiii'  ..11  Hlalf  iim|v  I".'' 
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r«H.«.../,  KiviT,  Miikkiiw  U.i>,'.ll. 
riiliihli  llay  '■'"'. 

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iiiiriuK.'  t"  iiiiirki-.l  liy  lmny.-,fOI. 

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liliiili..  It...  f.li.iU  lift  iyork'la.  ■';•*■ 
r.iiiumt'T,  .i-Hi.  iVi^. 
TiiLiliiH  lri...k,  LW. 
liiiiiiil  l-iillil    S'l. 

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|u,,p.T'il:."k..W.i, 

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luiiKiii'll.-  MirliitUMi.  I'«i. 
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kn.mii  :"•  I  nI.'  I'.iiiil  '.--'. 
Turn  l;...  k,  r'.li.  .lu.iii  I'liiiiuiil,  VW 

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7ii.>,.iriM'.i,  I'littnl  SliitcM  •.tcilluiililp.  11,7".  HI'). 

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:i'«l.  til,  .'<•.. 
I'wlii  IVak«.  i:iii. 

lirailiu;  anil  ili^lam'.'  fr.iiii  l'ii.ilni.s  lilaiieaa,  1 1". 

Rppi.araui  r  at  a  il|.^talui',  l.'in. 
Twill  IMik  I  oy.',  11". 
Twill  liiiik.  :i-«. 

piijoiani.  ini*i.li'  .if.  '•'t'^^ 
I'yliT  lli«lit.  .Ii-I»"..'  fi'.i"  I'.iinI  lliMi"i'lt,'.l7. 

iiiiiluiraKi'  ill  iiiiilliw.'Mli'ni  part,  '.i7. 

Uol|>  H.iiilli  aii.l  .11-1   '.IT. 
Tyli*r  ('..vi'.  Saiital'ru/  Nlaii.l,  '■T. 
Tyiivi  I'r.ik,  Cray's  llarlmr,  Wl. 

I  . 

rkaliCr.i'k.  :17J. 

liiial  iianii.  SayilKi'  I 'ri'i'k,:17:l. 
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Ui'LHiaplliral  p  .r.UI.111  .if  "i.Milll.  17:1 
I'll. .11.  I'. 

rnuililla  li.'.-l'.  l-latl.ry  U.i.k-,.-*|-i. .-."-.:.»'.).  M-.. 
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1 riiiK.."'l'l'-l"n.-'fnaii  ral....»lil-lan.lliKl.t-l...n->'   ■ll'i. 

111.  .limn.'ri.  wi-Hl  ..f,  ri"..!, 
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I  liiiatilla  lt.-<'l.."ili'. 

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I'lupiiuali  M.iuiltaini,  111",  ml 

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I  iia»t-lin.'  fr.iiii  Ki...-  I.ay.  H'L 

II..  .1.1111!.  r-  fr.iiii  r.n-Mlk'  (reck.  Ui.  Hil. 

Ml. nil  ml 

'l',iia,",'„K."aml  .li.-U'l-'i.  ..fuLaitli  fro...  <  ■ap.-  nrfi.nl  li.lU.  I"l. 

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l.iir.  lii-J 

ili'pth  i.f  wal.  r  1)11   IH'J. 
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liii;  Hi-rv  1.  »•,  1"-. 
wiiliiii;  iliri-i'ti.."*,  liO. 
Imlil  II..M.S1'.  II" 

.l...tr(iy.'.l   liH. 
t'.iii.sl Miryiy  Klaliiin".  liO. 

K.-,i,;raplii.  al  p.i-itimi.  H'i- 
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l:';n,!;^a...l.l.-.^ l-.u  ,.,..1.11.  .,,.■«,„■  <ir,.i.,ryli.l...  mi. 

MUH.aw   Kt\t.T.  mi. 
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'  Ya.iuiuall.-ailliKl'l    l"l 

iiami's  fiir.  101. 

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t„  ll...i.ta  ll.a.l,  10.'>, 
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l'lil..iili.»ii.  W-i 

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.'",....  s.ai-..M.i «-^r';'::'r'';  s-"'-'^'':*-.^"-*^. 

|.vi  4Mi,  5j:i,  ■'>i-,  ill.  •■>-■  •►■'"■  ^'  ■ 

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l-iilU-.l  Slal.-  I..,i..i.lary  ui...iu.in"l.  uiiimaphua    P".  nm. 
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.situation  '.'Ji'' 

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718 


INUKX. 


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•  '.■iiil  I  nlTlllo.  JVT. 
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ri'<sii£iii/r>l  t  liMw  tn  ulioto,  "J^iT. 
.tll4  liorilKc.  '.^C 

AMI  liornK*'"  from  rn|»c  \Irtiiforittn  lo.  W7. 
riMiliitly    ro^*r<MkUMi  s«iuimI.  till),  (d>l. 

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V» ivrr.  iit4-.l    l:  i:,l>   .T.  ."•,».    I^   II    r. 

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ilt'MTiU'd.  ''>n. 

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i-li.irt  AKiint*  in.   I 
\\'Af.liini£toii  llarlior   'li.'^.i.  \tl. 

ulii.rr  Itnr  from  Now  Itiiii^rnriw.  M,' 

il.H*  rila..!,  'i.r.' 

ilrplli  '.f  WAli-i,  VC 

haiIiiiu  iliri'.  tloiiA.  ."VC 

UiiM.ovi.ml,  VU. 

iiiiiiifn  lor.  \f2. 
NViuiliiiiifton.  I.iikr    r4r.l. 
V\  luilunicloii  >ouiiil,  '.1,  .'iW. 

1  nrrfiitN.  ^W. 

n;oni.i«  for.  'M. 

i-TtiliiriilioiiN  III.  Viii. 
Wnl.-r  uliiii^'  III.  -..It  iM.Hr.l   ti'ni|»rnitiiri*  of.  ^I-TO. 
VVHti-riiittit  .V  Kitt/.  I  liiiit  HicrntN,  ^1. 

Will i|{li  ill  111!  l,o|><'/  lii:iiiiil,.'i<'.ll, 'Mil*. 'i&l 

WiilHilk   Point.  S.iriitOb;a  PiuKAKr.tlfJ   . 

ill«t«ni.«>  fr.iin  I'^iAt  P(iiiil,M>l, 

•li-rp  Miitrr  ..II.  mil 

biii.y  ..irfiiil 

Io<.aI  IIAIIIr  'inl 
WiilHi.nillli-  town.  U'l 
VSri.llii-1   Inifoni.trn   iniliiiitionii  of.  ;^l|. 
Uini.rluiii  .Hpii   l'i.liil,(,,  Ulnnil..1«l. 

Kf'o|£niphii'iil  IMii.illoli.VH. 
Wrll.   P..int  liin. 
Wi-pii..-.    Inli'l.  I'lik-el  Sonii.l,r,2fl. 


Hi.  'ill 
■  I.  Ii", 


i 


INDEX. 


719 


:,  Ki. 


il  twill  (iivH  in 


Wwi'oii  Ml, Mil  ili'Mriiii  .l,',i|,'j((, 

nin\'.in, 

krip  iinMllii|.<.ri. 

iliillKiTM,  \l^ 
A\'(«t»t't»  Ilikiik.Ciiiiiil  ill-  Miiro,  Yi'.i, 

ili'ltlll  lit  Vt  liliT  •ilL.'i.Vl 

W,-«l  I'.iniiiil  lliiik.  :wi,  :wi,,ivj   Kl,  :ivi. 

ili-Hiriliril.  .l-Ji, 

lK'iiriiii-'<  iinil  ■llHliiii.  1 «  til  iHiKlilKitliii;  riiik«,  ?,H\. 

ili'rp  «  nil  r  arutifiil.  Ini. 
\\f«t   l.iin.lilli;.  If.' 
\Vi*il  I'liitit,  hiivviiinloli  llii\-,  "I'l-*.  ilmv 

tiulil-liiiiiMt'.  ^'i"*,  t'jil.  mill.  1H17,  iiii*!.  r.iii  (-,(;[  f,|  I 
cliiirni  liT  iif  liulit.  U't\. 
iiri'  itiiil  liiiill  iif  vinlliilltv.iiilli 
Ki-i>Krit|>liii'til  |iiMitliiii.  Tiiilt. 

fiiK  MIKIIIll,  »'^»,. 

liMul  niuiii',  '.'Ni, 
Went  t'liiiit.  Hitiilit  I'liialiiiii  Isliiiiil.Tr 
Wi'^t   I'ltint,  Suiitii  tril."  Iihiiul.  1*1.   K'l,  KS.  'M\  [r^, 
\V.M.Iiliilil,  Il  nliiiiiliil.  ^ 
Wit^ililiilil  llili.y  iliHinlii'il    liri    III. 

iM'iiriiiK  iiiiil  iliMlniM  4<  friMii  \\  <  Hiil^hl  l.'.x  l(.  iiri 

liiiw  til  iivcild  iliiiiKir  III  llir  iili.vn,  |.  ,,i  111,.  I V    llpll. 

Wi'Hliliilil   l;,„U,  icni.  III 

liriirliiif  unit  iliNtuiK,-  friim  Wliuli-r  l^l,i    .1,  Im'i 

llliirlc.-.l  liy  liiiiir.  IIW. 
W.«t|iiirt  .Tx  ■."il2'.i|  •.".«. 

fnrmrr  iiani'".  '-"'■■t. 

Iii'iiriiiu  mill  ili,«taii,  t'  fruni  Vrw(.,.i  t  I  niuliin:,  -'■*■'*■ 
ll.'ir»  I'.Miit.-.",; 

I'.iiiil  (  illinll.i  .".U. 

ili-HiTil,o.l/~.i;l. 

Iiiiiiliniirk.  lii'M'ii  M,iiliitaiii.'.".>  I 
titwti  iiiMir.  "*l 

iiti|)ri>iii'lii*i  ilifllriilt  III  il»'siTilic.2'.»:t. 
I>ii'nk»'r„.  .".*  t 
iiKHiritit;  linii>H,'_".t-l. 
illMlCS    ."•1. 
vilmrf.  J'.i,!. 

liiililiiiK  Kfollnil  Kiioit  ill  ii)iiitH.  J*.):!, 
loi-iil  liiiiihiiiirk.ii  liirK«>  tuitk/Jli;). 
Inlltii<lt''.".i|. 
\VhiiU''<  ll<'ail.:a'>1. 

ilintaiiri-  friiiii  t 'ii|>i'  Ki-rri'lii,  WVi. 
lipiulil.  Ii>'i. 

KUI       liV'i 

ilrjitli  nf  ivatiT  near.  t'lTi. 

ilan^;iT'*  mar.  .'liVS 

wnriiiiit{  til  vt'HiM'U  it|i|>rf>ai'litiiK.  li'.^i 

i-ttanu  tiT  fit'fltitiri'  til  lilt'  wi'HtHanI    :'*>'■ 
\Vliale<aiU'li,:iiiii 

iN'aniiK  aii<)  iU'<taiii-i' frittii  )'<iiut  |)>li;i.|,i    ;iiii. 
Wlialr  Ki.ik.  117. 

Wliali*  Ivrti'k.  \"aiuMiiiv*T  iHluint. 'il7. 
Wlmlc  l!iKk.*'il,  IVi.  .IMi. 

i>i/,-.  ;■.!. 

Hiliiallciti.  I'll. 

•  ti'litli  nf  u'litiT  ari 111  11(1,  'tM- 

iHMiruiK  anil  illntAiu-i-  frimi  fn-si-ut  I  'ly  liyht  Iiuiihi'.  ;:Vt. 
Ml.  Cii.iri;.  ,  |i,.,.r    IimIi,  i„„|.„, 
iieJKlilxiniiK  riH;k  :t.v>, 

lirt»ftk*»rK,  ;iVi. 
Wlial.r  Nlaiul,  lie.  liw.  II."  110,  111. 

•  Ki'   HIT. 

lIl'Hl  11)111.111.  Iiw. 

Wlialir  Nliinil  JH'..  !I7,  If- 

nl/i-.'.i;. 

ftPlH-arHnit'  frmn  a  ili^t^i 

ri'i'f  exliMi'l^i  fritiii  iMHli-rii  ■thmv  :i 

fiiiil  tjroiiiiil  Kiiiilli,  ttr 

iM-ariiiu  »ii'l  iliHtani-i'  tn  Ki.iiu.l  l;,>i  1,  ainl  (  rrsirnl  linhl. 
VVIialiT  ^  Kiiiill.  13-.  IB". 
«  lull,  r  It.i.kM.  l;iii.  It:,  1  :- 
\\  lialtMiirirH  JIarliiir,  1'''.'. 

aii('liiirfi|{t\  I'i'.i. 

ki'lp,  IVJ. 

ri.'f.  I.VJ. 

I'litruiii'i*  t(i  llif  "-.Mtli  itprll   ir^l. 

ki'i|i.  riu. 

Il...li,,'a  llra.l    r.i. 
\\  liarf  .Vrnila,  l.'' 
Wliarf.  iayii...i<,  ll'i.  117.11s. 


"Iiarf,  FlanlRBii'ii.TJO. 
VVIiarr,  llii..|iir  »,:n.l.:i:ii. 
Wliaif  I'l.iiii  N.  IV  \i.ar.  Ift'i 
Wliiirlliimr.iliiili«iif.(H.|, 
llViiiMVi,,,    liark.  M.l, 
Ulial.iim,  i.illiimliaiii  Hay,',7ii,'i7l. 
Wlhiliiiiii  Cn-i.k.  lli'lliiiKliniii  Hay  ■'iTI. 
Inilian  naiiit>,.'li'l. 

VVI lir.i  itiil,  l*r. 

\Vlilillicy   riti'il.  IHi; 

Wliiillii.y  iHl.iiiil.mrail  iif  l"iln».  111.  .'.|'.i,.-|.-il,.'i,V,,.v.l,riiil. 

.V*.  ,"»'.i'.l. 
WlijiriTi  S|,ii.  Vaiii'oiivir  Nlaiiil,.'il  1 
U  liitaiiali  lliviT,  sliiialwaliT  Hay,  I7'i,  ITT.  <7H. 
WliHki'y  Kiin.:i'.r.'..T.i:i. 
"Iiiti'fliil.  1711. 
Wliili'  I'liiMial  Km  k.  .'.<1. 

lii-iiiiiiKaiiil  iliKtani'i'  friiiii  iiiiKlilii.rini,'  rniks.  ::-l. 
^Vllit^■  «  l.ariiliiiK.  II,-). 
U  lull'  ItiviT.  i;li'. 
Whitr  lliiik.   llT.:iH.  ^-il.,l'.i 

liallio  for  lllril  llnik,  ^'il. 
Arch  Itoi'k,  -I.'i^. 
Wliiii.  Ifiiik.  rvc. 

lii'arliiK  mill  ilmlaiicu  frmii  KliilUry  liui  kH.  :.ii7. 

ili'w  rilifil.  M-, 

nii-ki  iifiir.  .ViT. 
Wliitr  li.iik.  .i.lT. 

m/i',  :l:!7. 

Iii'iulit.  ■■ir: 

ilhtuiai'  frntii  (iri'rn  Kiirk,  .TIT. 

Tniiiilail  ll<'ail,:i3T. 
Whitp  H.H-k,  .!II. 

Ik'IkIiI  'III. 

Hl/r.    Ill 

lii-iinim  mi'l  ilHtuiiiH-frnin  IIIkIi  llliiir,  .111, 
Wliitr  ll.iik.  NlliiiiusCiiyu,  TS, -11. 

ili'Hi-rilwil.  T'.t. 
Wliilv  le.iik,  l.".l. 

I'l-iiririK  ami  ilidlii'i.i'  fnmi  rii'lras  HlanniH  linliMi. 
Whit,.  l!,Mk,  Hm 

IwuriiiK'  ami  ilHtaiin.  frmn  I'miil  Ki'l^'aila.   Ii«i. 
\Miil.'  U..1  k.  nil. 

Ill-anil^  ami  ili.ilai)i-f  fniiii  Wlinlpr  I.slaml.  ll'i. 
Whili-  liiii'k.  Kii-arlii  Strait    rmi. 

Whltiliy'H  l.aiiclni};  amlioriit-i'.  Santa  Calalina  Nlaiiil, 
VS  Iiiti'liiirn  Point,  riTl,  .^T5.  ."iTs. 
\Vliiti'nl..iri.  Covr.  2T'.i. 

foriiifr  iianif,  :,'7'J. 

(IfNrnlii-il.  ■J7<t. 

Htiiiil  liciu'h.  ^7'.'. 

wharf,  .'7'.l 

ili-ptti  iif  water,  'J7'.t. 

ninorilll^  liuiiyji,  l'7'.i. 

lirt'tikiTH.  ■,'T'.», 

t<uarilril  hy  outlying  riirkn.  2T9. 

fair  Kilinini-r  aiicliura»;t',  '^',\i. 
WliiliiiK  liii.-k.  ilT. 

I.n.iy    ■J.I7. '-'II. 

~iliialiiiii.  ^17. 

•  Irplli  iif  wall  r  at,  *_'.'!7. 

Iicarliit;  anil  ilintantt*  lo  liiyitirit>ti>  l.'oi'U   liimy    'J  N. 
lui*'!  Ilnilliir  liulit  liiiiiM'.  J 
I'.iinI  San  I'alilu.  Jl'. 
Mulali-  I'liii.t.  i>. 
KiMl  Itiirk.  ■JIM. 
wharf  at  San  t^iiriilin.  'J.{.s. 
I'liiiit  San  S'liliii.  ■.'!■-. 
W.M  Oats  Hill,  ■W.. 
U  illiain  lli'iiil,  strait  nf  I'lira.  M'l. 
Willaini'tli'  IJiycr    |.|. 
\Vill,iini-tti-  Vallry.   tiKi. 
William  I'liinI    lli'lliiiKhani  l!a\.  '>7ll 

liK-ht  i.Ti,  Wl. 
Willhims  l.anillllK,  IW. 

almmlnni'il.    l:iil. 
WillianiK  I'liint.  j;"!. 

nrar  INickiuirt.  '_*96. 

nil  ilanjTiMM  iint.-iili'  of  visitilc  rncki.  2'.lf>. 
William-.  l'iiinl,i;lJ.  ill  1 
Willi. iin«..n  H.i,  k..  -1.1 

ihwri 1.  •.'.1 

Willi. unhli.i   llii.k.  CaiH-  i:li/al»'tli,  I'.ll,  lul,  I'.l'i, 


■iss  imi.  Wl. 


nil-,  ll'.t. 


^1 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


I 


1.0 


I.I 


>^  liLi    |22 

■<^   mi  2.0 


i 


11-25  lyi  1.4 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


13  WiSr  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145S0 

(716)S72-4S03 


^ 


^o 


o^ 


I 


ilM) 


IM>KX. 


\VtMoMtfli>\v  l!«H  k     4^l^tlnuell 

ii|>)ivurunt'('  til  li  iliituiH"-,  i'Xv 
Willow  *  r»-.k.  IIT. 
>V)liiiin);l4iii,  II 

«lmr\r'».  4*' 

pilot  ri-^iiliiltoiiH.  •'•it . 
\\  iliiiiUKtoii  I  liitiiiii'l  ili*<»t  rilN-il   II. 
Wil.iiinKt.Mi  MurlN.r    JT    l^ 
W  i!iiiliit;t<»)   I  iiKotii)    II 
WiU..!,'-.  I  oxr    Stui  ririiH  liU'  l-titiiil,  7:-*. 

ilcMTttHMl  :i 

HiK  liorHKtv  TJ. 

k.'i|.,:; 
\Vil<M.n  •»(  ri>(k  :Ui 

iijiiiir  iiti  SiMif  nm|>.  tit. 
\Vil<«(iir^  I  4tittlMi^  iiiti  iiortiK**.  Siiita  <  'nt.ihnii  Nhttiil.  ''* 
Wilwiti,  Poitil.  M,'  'wtl,  't.ti.'i'^*.  .%•<'.<  V.il.'ivJ.  ,V.i,i  t.^viij-* 
WiUoii  Uo.k.:ili   Ml 

tlmtaiiit' fniiM  KhI'm-  Ktiiituuli  ( 'o% «-.   ill. 

f 'ri-<M<«'iil  <  it>  ii^lit'liotiitiv  .>li. 

4lt>|itli  iif  WHt«*r  on.  tt ; 

iM'MrniKtitit'l  thftlAi.LV  lu  iiLMghLh^rnit:  rm-ks,  tit 
Wil K.M  kH.Mi 

(linN'tioit  ainl  iImIuiui'  from  ti  >rtli  (•omi  ..f  ^mi  \I  ,t;iirl.X« 

I'.iiui  II.irris,>'>. 
hIiohIm  '.*'». 

K<'*'»trAptiiotl  ptiHiiion.  .*'» 
UnmIIv  known  antlio  W'r^t  KiM.-k,  -f). 

WiiH)ir«t«-r  IWiv    tnl.   |<r;.  lU). 
Mtlititlion,  1'^.: 
r*hoiil.  |ir.>. 
nmky  n-rf.  Iirj. 
Win.  hiik  laviT.  L'C  :W'*  rw>  V.I. 

U-nrinu  Hutl  'ti«tliin*<-    I'omt  *■!  (irortfi-,  .tmi. 

Noitliwr-i  -     it  K.«  k.  -Vni. 
i{ri>erHl(lt*iH-riplt<>n   ■>''■. 

H'Htr'ittion  lo  vi'w^rl"  i»loH4t  H''^  ■•liort-  nenr.  ;((li. 
II    •u/ifu-',  ■♦hip,  UT*Hkr<l    -'iV'. 
Wtnit"  of  lilt   l*iu>iti<  io.i<»l    :^t() 
HcMoni  otrUti-  IhixI    .'ill 
prrv^iltin^  in  t>iiniini-r    iiorthwrNt.  ^b*. 
Nlrorit;  hrfcxt*  to  ili>*pi  I  fo^.  \ltn. 
winter  wintlii.  xonllicaol.  J-ln, 
fffc*  !»•  of,  ;i»it. 
Kftlrn  in<  rcAfM-  nortliwiird    ZiK 
H'lnfi.  ./     '-■.t\  nli-ntu  nim>    -I. 
Wii.K'  I'oint,   TjikI'-  Hiirl'oi    I'uri.  »,lii. 

I'fktnriK  i^<i*l 'li-t-tit<  •' f^roui  U  r-t  I'oiiit  IikIiI  Ipmih*-,  GIP.*. 
Kt  -lor.aion  IViint,  (kV. 
WK^Iikalil  KiM-r    <'l(«  hiilin  Kai.1,  1^1 
Woitliink  |j%kf,  lift    !'».. 
Wolf  K.M  kv  17.'- 

W  olI.M  lilt  liiiy,  Tin-  Nurrow.  fi-r.'. 
itliort-hne.  'i-J 
Mill  iKini^'iv  tVJ2 
WinhI<«.  \  lilttKf.  on  tin-  Ni-^tii^ftfiili,  l-M, 
W-KMiy  I -hind  Colutuliltt  lltvrr.  I'VI. 

i-hiinni*)  iH-Hr.  tu|. 
MV« '■''''■ '■t*'*i»*'r  i'Jii. 
Wy.  ko(T  I^iIk-  .|«'mrilM-.|.'.H  '.ft. 

(liriH  t'oti  iiikI  •li->tan) «  froniCruuk  I'oint. 'J^i 
nmrkt-tl  h>  krip  ''1 
Wri-t  k  i  TVV.U.  I'ulni  Urt-nvllli-  Ina. 


\uli)i<  o   I'rovinif,  U. 


Y. 


Yiulmtt  ll<-ii<l   arj. 
Vitihuli  Mouiitaiii,  tin  II  t. 
Vti4  hat-*  Kixt-r    I'M  4I<> 

wi/t-    ll<> 

Indian  \  iitik4{t-n  oh.  110. 

nhorf  lint- north.  Iln. 

knou  II  UH  N'lilmlfi,  IIU. 
Valv,  IrHM-r  Kntr,  Anl. 


Yiinkrr  Toinl.  IC. 

iHMinn*:  und  d^iiuiro  from  rii-dnwdi-  lo"*  I,oIhm.  IC. 

WhikUr  Kock.  I  ::. 
MoiinditiK"  i>n.  117. 
t.r<-ak.r.  I  C. 
liindinK-  I  17. 
\  aipiuui  *  tly,  ll^. 

di^fiihti-  from  Ihi    nioMlli  of  V.i<|i)itnk  IIimt    IIV 
\«  ItarvfH  and  Hjirfhoii-M-*.   tl'i 
\  .npnriii  ilritdn   :l  t.  117.  11-   l>I 

JM-ariiiu  liti'l  dintuinv  from  Va>)iiiii  \   Ki\t*r,  IW. 
.l.-^rrifM-.l    im. 
dunuiT".  11'.* 
unchiirii^t*   111*. 

lUiil  hoti-Mv!?*  T.itV  |(U  »)n  |iK  ipi  ll.Mi:.  IH..  II'M-'^,  l^'»     1-7. 
iH  I  Ki  111  liy.  IVt.  |.v,,  I7'»,  4'.«i. 
dcHtrtlH-d   ll't. 
iirrof  xiHil.ihty.Ill*. 
limit  of  \  i^ihihty.ll*). 
K*-i>uriil'hii'itl  position,  IIU. 
iniitfrii't  li'  xHniiliot).  It'.'. 
I>*uriiig  u.id  di^liiiM  r  to  (jpoOrford  li^hthon***'   |  ^t 

4'iip«-  (iri'^nrv    huht  luiUM*.  1-1'. 
,  (  tiiixpnih  i:)\rr.  1.1). 

( 'ii|H'  IS-rpotiiii.  IJ<>. 
Ttip.-  loulwr.illu'r.  IJli. 
<'ii|M'  I  ookont    l.^o 
Tillaiuook  Itoi  k  liKhl  Ix'UHt'.  l.i). 

r.Hiit    V  l.iinx  lit^hl  I •*•'    l.M 

<'iilH'  I  >iHtippoiniimMit  hu;ld-lion  Ml'. 

IJ". 
(*iipc  ^hoiilwat'  r  li^ht  ItuU'o-    IJ  >. 
i.ruy  *  UarlMti    1.*" 
Tittoo^h  Inland  luhl    t.*<>. 
Vii'Piinii  KiM'f   lU 
\  a.pi>'i'»  lOvrr    I'ril,  l«i'),  110,  ll.\  Hi.  IMi. 

t  harii-  l*T  of  tin-  •^Inin*  to  thi'  <«o>itli  **(.  Ilil. 
Htnin<-lini*  of  I'lilriiii-'-  di-ni  riho  I.  ill. 
wtdth  ofM  nnttilh    lit 

n'ff oini iitran.f.  111. 

ihtt  nU-d    HI 
hrrrtki-nt  on    III 
di-pth  ot  wal«-r  on  itnd  iipitr,  III 
luarki  •!  hy  loniyn,  lir>. 
riilmnct'  lo.  11%. 
iMir    ll'> 
riirrt'nt*",  41% 
drpth  of  wittrr.  11%, 
inanlf  ol  drki-rit»ed    ||fS. 
Kids  to  iia\i>:tttion.  IP. 
pilot  ii«M<*«»rtry.  11%. 
ItKht  houor    11% 

iTroni'oii<i|y  ilt'fit^uiil«<l  f'a|«*  KoiiU^iHtlo  r  luht.  11%. 
ImoVR   locntntn  rtnd  dr««  ripii<'ii  of   ll''<  IIV 
tN'Htron*    loialioii  Hnd  di^<t<  ription  of.  IPi  117 
nMiluttf  dir«-.  tiou*  for  iipiiro-ichin^  nilranii-  to.  117  . 
Undfnll.4lH 
t  Idem.  II H. 

natiie*  for.  I'Jii. 

iihort*  lint-  to  tho  north  of,  IJU. 
t  nrrrnlH  to  thr  inirlh  of  Ijn 
■  Uini'Tfl  t.i  thr  north  of,  ijn. 
V,  tUt  Itm-nn  Inland,  IM 
df«  ritH.I    IM 
nhnat  norlhwi-Ht    l^i 
tU*|»th  of  unti-r.  I'^l 
Inntrnt'lioiio  for  m-wU,  Ml 
liulit  hoUM      iHl. 

di-m  rilM-d    iHl 

limit  of  vttthddy.  I<«l. 

(;roi;raphii  nl    poiimn    1*1% 

iiuiwni-tli    Vaiialhiii,  Is'i 

iMTHhiiu  Hnd  diatunir  to  I'mnt  ('mvi-IIo,  1%% 

liriii*  I'ond   f<»|[  VihlotU*.  1<% 
l*t>int  lk>m-la  li|tht  hoiinv.   |n% 
r.'fl  Point  liKhi,   K% 
fiNit  of  Mnrkt  t  MtriM-l,  |<i%. 
dry  thak     I  n% 
fadruttd  pirr,  infV. 

foM-f>l|{tlul,  W%. 

drmrtlieil.  l*^\ 
mIiohI  nt'ar    lN% 
H|Ntni<th  nuine,  IHS. 
lunil  iitinH'.  l<t. 


\s 


IM>KX. 


V '^^l;!x^ 

\<'M"H  IlliUl.  Wl. 

l<Mn(iuri,  Hi 

"iillkiii  riuk  iMMr,  Ui 
V.llow  li;„iv.  r ,'„il;,v,.,,  |,y,  i.i, 

tlioni  nctir,  I'.t 

rn.irke.l  l.y  ,i,i,,k.,  |,^|,|    ,,., 
Vi'"iniill  I'liiiii    u" 

IM-Bniiu  mill  .iHtiii,,-,  fr,,i,i  u  ,  ,i  p ,    ,  .  , 

»  ■•"  1  "Iril.  \  iiMciHivi.r  M.iii.l,  -,17 
Nokaiii  I'.init,  Ttl 

;;::;;;:,;;"•;:;'" -' -ryi,«i...h,.,.,„.:.„. 

V.iUlm'llltay.  C.,!,!!,,!,,,,  itiv.  ,     l,-,| 

■IrwrilK-d.  Ii.l 

iitiint><«  fur,  l>>l 
Yiiiiiiit  l»l,ui(l,  l!<>«aiin  >*|r,iil    tea. 
Y..miKm  l-iiinl,  C.l i„  l(n,  r    I,,.   „;, 

klluwii  lu  >iiiillli  «  l',,jn|,   \,ti 

lll.'7l   !•( l(i 


721 


VouiiK,  l'..inlc,„,i|,„„.,| 

'"■..rl„«  an.l  ,11,1..,,...  fr„,„  K„r,  Hu-ven,,  m 

"Iiikflij-lit  on    I  I. 

niiiiii  .f(ir.  ir.l 
Ymmiikh  l!iv,r.(  ..lumbln  It|.pr,4i,«  101 
\ulkul  liliiir,l|u(Mi',(ii„„|,c,l.t. 


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/iiri  lutni  Mniiiil.  I.%s 
/a-t:klii  lllvtr,  UW. 
/f»'i/o'(.«,  irori-i-l:iil,  L»(W. 
Zini  li.iik.i  .imil  il..  Ilurii..-.ri7, 

I't-Ufmi,  Vt7. 

rin-ks  iH'ur.  M7. 
ZilniK^.  I)„l,  (  .i»l«ril|.,  (  ouiil.l..  MoMlerry   17 
ZmiiKM.  a.  (le,  lili-il  MX 
/illiiifii.  Iliirim  ill'  iZiiiiiKii  SliiiHli,  17. 
Ztlinni  I'nilit.il. 

ilfiiTihrit.  17. 
Zillii;;u  Sli.ml.  17,  IK,£!,'.'7. 

lU-wrilii'ii.  17. 


